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572f7534a23a5019007fc643 | Which type of injection has caused patients to report they have pain but aren't bothered by it? | morphine | [
"Pain\n\nAlthough unpleasantness is an essential part of the IASP definition of pain, it is possible to induce a state described as intense pain devoid of unpleasantness in some patients, with morphine injection or psychosurgery. Such patients report that they have pain but are not bothered by it; they recognize th... |
572f7534a23a5019007fc644 | How much do some patients going through psychosurgery suffer from the sensation of pain? | little, or not at all | [
"Pain\n\nAlthough unpleasantness is an essential part of the IASP definition of pain, it is possible to induce a state described as intense pain devoid of unpleasantness in some patients, with morphine injection or psychosurgery. Such patients report that they have pain but are not bothered by it; they recognize th... |
572f7534a23a5019007fc645 | What perspective towards pain are some people with perfectly normal nerves born with? | Indifference | [
"Pain\n\nAlthough unpleasantness is an essential part of the IASP definition of pain, it is possible to induce a state described as intense pain devoid of unpleasantness in some patients, with morphine injection or psychosurgery. Such patients report that they have pain but are not bothered by it; they recognize th... |
572f75edb2c2fd1400568149 | An abnormality of the nervous system can render a small number of people insensitive to what? | pain | [
"Pain\n\nA much smaller number of people are insensitive to pain due to an inborn abnormality of the nervous system, known as \"congenital insensitivity to pain\". Children with this condition incur carelessly-repeated damage to their tongues, eyes, joints, skin, and muscles. Some die before adulthood, and others h... |
572f75edb2c2fd140056814a | What is it known as when someone is born without being able to feel pain because of their nervous system? | congenital insensitivity to pain | [
"Pain\n\nA much smaller number of people are insensitive to pain due to an inborn abnormality of the nervous system, known as \"congenital insensitivity to pain\". Children with this condition incur carelessly-repeated damage to their tongues, eyes, joints, skin, and muscles. Some die before adulthood, and others h... |
572f75edb2c2fd140056814b | What happens to children with congenital insensitivity to pain? | repeated damage to their tongues, eyes, joints, skin, and muscles | [
"Pain\n\nA much smaller number of people are insensitive to pain due to an inborn abnormality of the nervous system, known as \"congenital insensitivity to pain\". Children with this condition incur carelessly-repeated damage to their tongues, eyes, joints, skin, and muscles. Some die before adulthood, and others h... |
572f75edb2c2fd140056814c | What is the life expectancy for people who can't feel pain? | reduced | [
"Pain\n\nA much smaller number of people are insensitive to pain due to an inborn abnormality of the nervous system, known as \"congenital insensitivity to pain\". Children with this condition incur carelessly-repeated damage to their tongues, eyes, joints, skin, and muscles. Some die before adulthood, and others h... |
572f75edb2c2fd140056814d | What gene is responsible for coding for a sodium channel necessary for conducting pain nerve stimuli? | SCN9A | [
"Pain\n\nA much smaller number of people are insensitive to pain due to an inborn abnormality of the nervous system, known as \"congenital insensitivity to pain\". Children with this condition incur carelessly-repeated damage to their tongues, eyes, joints, skin, and muscles. Some die before adulthood, and others h... |
572f7a2704bcaa1900d769d1 | When was Descartes pontificating about his theories regarding pain? | 1644 | [
"Pain\n\nIn 1644, René Descartes theorized that pain was a disturbance that passed down along nerve fibers until the disturbance reached the brain, a development that transformed the perception of pain from a spiritual, mystical experience to a physical, mechanical sensation[citation needed]. Descartes's work, alon... |
572f7a2704bcaa1900d769d2 | What did Descartes think pain was? | a disturbance | [
"Pain\n\nIn 1644, René Descartes theorized that pain was a disturbance that passed down along nerve fibers until the disturbance reached the brain, a development that transformed the perception of pain from a spiritual, mystical experience to a physical, mechanical sensation[citation needed]. Descartes's work, alon... |
572f7a2704bcaa1900d769d3 | What theory perceives pain as being a specific sensation? | Specificity | [
"Pain\n\nIn 1644, René Descartes theorized that pain was a disturbance that passed down along nerve fibers until the disturbance reached the brain, a development that transformed the perception of pain from a spiritual, mystical experience to a physical, mechanical sensation[citation needed]. Descartes's work, alon... |
572f7a2704bcaa1900d769d4 | What state does the intensive theory conceive pain as being? | emotional | [
"Pain\n\nIn 1644, René Descartes theorized that pain was a disturbance that passed down along nerve fibers until the disturbance reached the brain, a development that transformed the perception of pain from a spiritual, mystical experience to a physical, mechanical sensation[citation needed]. Descartes's work, alon... |
572f7a2704bcaa1900d769d5 | Who migrated to the theory of specificity en mass? | psychologists | [
"Pain\n\nIn 1644, René Descartes theorized that pain was a disturbance that passed down along nerve fibers until the disturbance reached the brain, a development that transformed the perception of pain from a spiritual, mystical experience to a physical, mechanical sensation[citation needed]. Descartes's work, alon... |
572f7ad604bcaa1900d769e5 | What year was peripheral pattern theory developed? | 1955 | [
"Pain\n\nIn 1955, DC Sinclair and G Weddell developed peripheral pattern theory, based on a 1934 suggestion by John Paul Nafe. They proposed that all skin fiber endings (with the exception of those innervating hair cells) are identical, and that pain is produced by intense stimulation of these fibers. Another 20th-... |
572f7ad604bcaa1900d769e6 | Whose suggestion prompted the development of peripheral pattern theory? | John Paul Nafe | [
"Pain\n\nIn 1955, DC Sinclair and G Weddell developed peripheral pattern theory, based on a 1934 suggestion by John Paul Nafe. They proposed that all skin fiber endings (with the exception of those innervating hair cells) are identical, and that pain is produced by intense stimulation of these fibers. Another 20th-... |
572f7ad604bcaa1900d769e7 | What did DC Sinclair and G Weddell propose a property of all skin fiber endings is? | identical | [
"Pain\n\nIn 1955, DC Sinclair and G Weddell developed peripheral pattern theory, based on a 1934 suggestion by John Paul Nafe. They proposed that all skin fiber endings (with the exception of those innervating hair cells) are identical, and that pain is produced by intense stimulation of these fibers. Another 20th-... |
572f7ad604bcaa1900d769e8 | What does the gate control theory specify the diameter of which is responsible for the amount of pain sensation? | nerve fibers | [
"Pain\n\nIn 1955, DC Sinclair and G Weddell developed peripheral pattern theory, based on a 1934 suggestion by John Paul Nafe. They proposed that all skin fiber endings (with the exception of those innervating hair cells) are identical, and that pain is produced by intense stimulation of these fibers. Another 20th-... |
572f7ad604bcaa1900d769e9 | Why were peripheral pattern theory and gate control theory left behind? | superseded by more modern theories of pain | [
"Pain\n\nIn 1955, DC Sinclair and G Weddell developed peripheral pattern theory, based on a 1934 suggestion by John Paul Nafe. They proposed that all skin fiber endings (with the exception of those innervating hair cells) are identical, and that pain is produced by intense stimulation of these fibers. Another 20th-... |
572f7b9704bcaa1900d769f7 | How many dimensions did Melzack and Casey describe pain in terms of? | three | [
"Pain\n\nIn 1968 Ronald Melzack and Kenneth Casey described pain in terms of its three dimensions: \"sensory-discriminative\" (sense of the intensity, location, quality and duration of the pain), \"affective-motivational\" (unpleasantness and urge to escape the unpleasantness), and \"cognitive-evaluative\" (cogniti... |
572f7b9704bcaa1900d769f8 | The affective-motivational dimension of pain is characterized by what urge? | urge to escape the unpleasantness | [
"Pain\n\nIn 1968 Ronald Melzack and Kenneth Casey described pain in terms of its three dimensions: \"sensory-discriminative\" (sense of the intensity, location, quality and duration of the pain), \"affective-motivational\" (unpleasantness and urge to escape the unpleasantness), and \"cognitive-evaluative\" (cogniti... |
572f7b9704bcaa1900d769f9 | What did Melzack and Casey theorize could influence the perception of the magnitude of pain? | cognitive activities | [
"Pain\n\nIn 1968 Ronald Melzack and Kenneth Casey described pain in terms of its three dimensions: \"sensory-discriminative\" (sense of the intensity, location, quality and duration of the pain), \"affective-motivational\" (unpleasantness and urge to escape the unpleasantness), and \"cognitive-evaluative\" (cogniti... |
572f7b9704bcaa1900d769fa | War game excitement appears to block what aspect of pain? | dimensions | [
"Pain\n\nIn 1968 Ronald Melzack and Kenneth Casey described pain in terms of its three dimensions: \"sensory-discriminative\" (sense of the intensity, location, quality and duration of the pain), \"affective-motivational\" (unpleasantness and urge to escape the unpleasantness), and \"cognitive-evaluative\" (cogniti... |
572f7b9704bcaa1900d769fb | What did Melack's and Casey's paper end with a call towards? | action | [
"Pain\n\nIn 1968 Ronald Melzack and Kenneth Casey described pain in terms of its three dimensions: \"sensory-discriminative\" (sense of the intensity, location, quality and duration of the pain), \"affective-motivational\" (unpleasantness and urge to escape the unpleasantness), and \"cognitive-evaluative\" (cogniti... |
572f849e947a6a140053ca0e | What type of signal can be generated by intense enough stimulation of any sensory receptor? | pain | [
"Pain\n\nWilhelm Erb's (1874) \"intensive\" theory, that a pain signal can be generated by intense enough stimulation of any sensory receptor, has been soundly disproved. Some sensory fibers do not differentiate between noxious and non-noxious stimuli, while others, nociceptors, respond only to noxious, high intens... |
572f849e947a6a140053ca0f | What types of stimuli can't some sensory fibers differentiate between? | noxious and non-noxious | [
"Pain\n\nWilhelm Erb's (1874) \"intensive\" theory, that a pain signal can be generated by intense enough stimulation of any sensory receptor, has been soundly disproved. Some sensory fibers do not differentiate between noxious and non-noxious stimuli, while others, nociceptors, respond only to noxious, high intens... |
572f849e947a6a140053ca10 | What type of stimuli do nociceptors response to? | noxious, high intensity | [
"Pain\n\nWilhelm Erb's (1874) \"intensive\" theory, that a pain signal can be generated by intense enough stimulation of any sensory receptor, has been soundly disproved. Some sensory fibers do not differentiate between noxious and non-noxious stimuli, while others, nociceptors, respond only to noxious, high intens... |
572f849e947a6a140053ca11 | What does stimuli generate to send signals along a nerve fiber? | currents | [
"Pain\n\nWilhelm Erb's (1874) \"intensive\" theory, that a pain signal can be generated by intense enough stimulation of any sensory receptor, has been soundly disproved. Some sensory fibers do not differentiate between noxious and non-noxious stimuli, while others, nociceptors, respond only to noxious, high intens... |
572f849e947a6a140053ca12 | How many different types of ion channels have so far been identified? | Dozens | [
"Pain\n\nWilhelm Erb's (1874) \"intensive\" theory, that a pain signal can be generated by intense enough stimulation of any sensory receptor, has been soundly disproved. Some sensory fibers do not differentiate between noxious and non-noxious stimuli, while others, nociceptors, respond only to noxious, high intens... |
572f8609a23a5019007fc6db | How does the pain signal travel from the periphery to the spinal cord? | along an A-delta or C fiber | [
"Pain\n\nThe pain signal travels from the periphery to the spinal cord along an A-delta or C fiber. Because the A-delta fiber is thicker than the C fiber, and is thinly sheathed in an electrically insulating material (myelin), it carries its signal faster (5–30 m/s) than the unmyelinated C fiber (0.5–2 m/s). Pain e... |
572f8609a23a5019007fc6dc | Which fiber is thicker? | A-delta | [
"Pain\n\nThe pain signal travels from the periphery to the spinal cord along an A-delta or C fiber. Because the A-delta fiber is thicker than the C fiber, and is thinly sheathed in an electrically insulating material (myelin), it carries its signal faster (5–30 m/s) than the unmyelinated C fiber (0.5–2 m/s). Pain e... |
572f8609a23a5019007fc6dd | What is the electrically insulting material that sheaths a-delta fiber? | myelin | [
"Pain\n\nThe pain signal travels from the periphery to the spinal cord along an A-delta or C fiber. Because the A-delta fiber is thicker than the C fiber, and is thinly sheathed in an electrically insulating material (myelin), it carries its signal faster (5–30 m/s) than the unmyelinated C fiber (0.5–2 m/s). Pain e... |
572f8609a23a5019007fc6de | What is pain evoked by a-delta fibers described as? | sharp and is felt first | [
"Pain\n\nThe pain signal travels from the periphery to the spinal cord along an A-delta or C fiber. Because the A-delta fiber is thicker than the C fiber, and is thinly sheathed in an electrically insulating material (myelin), it carries its signal faster (5–30 m/s) than the unmyelinated C fiber (0.5–2 m/s). Pain e... |
572f8609a23a5019007fc6df | How do first order neurons enter the spinal cord? | via Lissauer's tract | [
"Pain\n\nThe pain signal travels from the periphery to the spinal cord along an A-delta or C fiber. Because the A-delta fiber is thicker than the C fiber, and is thinly sheathed in an electrically insulating material (myelin), it carries its signal faster (5–30 m/s) than the unmyelinated C fiber (0.5–2 m/s). Pain e... |
572f8a4904bcaa1900d76a69 | What are some spinal cord fibers exclusive to? | A-delta | [
"Pain\n\nSpinal cord fibers dedicated to carrying A-delta fiber pain signals, and others that carry both A-delta and C fiber pain signals up the spinal cord to the thalamus in the brain have been identified. Other spinal cord fibers, known as wide dynamic range neurons, respond to A-delta and C fibers, but also to ... |
572f8a4904bcaa1900d76a6a | Pain signals travel first to what region of the brain? | thalamus | [
"Pain\n\nSpinal cord fibers dedicated to carrying A-delta fiber pain signals, and others that carry both A-delta and C fiber pain signals up the spinal cord to the thalamus in the brain have been identified. Other spinal cord fibers, known as wide dynamic range neurons, respond to A-delta and C fibers, but also to ... |
572f8a4904bcaa1900d76a6b | What are dynamic range neurons? | spinal cord fibers | [
"Pain\n\nSpinal cord fibers dedicated to carrying A-delta fiber pain signals, and others that carry both A-delta and C fiber pain signals up the spinal cord to the thalamus in the brain have been identified. Other spinal cord fibers, known as wide dynamic range neurons, respond to A-delta and C fibers, but also to ... |
572f8a4904bcaa1900d76a6c | Where does pain-related activity in the thalamus spread to? | the insular cortex | [
"Pain\n\nSpinal cord fibers dedicated to carrying A-delta fiber pain signals, and others that carry both A-delta and C fiber pain signals up the spinal cord to the thalamus in the brain have been identified. Other spinal cord fibers, known as wide dynamic range neurons, respond to A-delta and C fibers, but also to ... |
572f8a4904bcaa1900d76a6d | Pain which is distinctly located also activates what cortices? | somatosensory | [
"Pain\n\nSpinal cord fibers dedicated to carrying A-delta fiber pain signals, and others that carry both A-delta and C fiber pain signals up the spinal cord to the thalamus in the brain have been identified. Other spinal cord fibers, known as wide dynamic range neurons, respond to A-delta and C fibers, but also to ... |
572f8b45b2c2fd14005681d5 | Who wrote "The Greatest Show on Earth: The Evidence for Evolution"? | Richard Dawkins | [
"Pain\n\nIn his book, The Greatest Show on Earth: The Evidence for Evolution, biologist Richard Dawkins grapples with the question of why pain has to be so very painful. He describes the alternative as a simple, mental raising of a \"red flag\". To argue why that red flag might be insufficient, Dawkins explains tha... |
572f8b45b2c2fd14005681d6 | What does Dawkins explain must compete with each other in living begins? | drives | [
"Pain\n\nIn his book, The Greatest Show on Earth: The Evidence for Evolution, biologist Richard Dawkins grapples with the question of why pain has to be so very painful. He describes the alternative as a simple, mental raising of a \"red flag\". To argue why that red flag might be insufficient, Dawkins explains tha... |
572f8b45b2c2fd14005681d7 | What would be the most fit creature? | one whose pains are well balanced | [
"Pain\n\nIn his book, The Greatest Show on Earth: The Evidence for Evolution, biologist Richard Dawkins grapples with the question of why pain has to be so very painful. He describes the alternative as a simple, mental raising of a \"red flag\". To argue why that red flag might be insufficient, Dawkins explains tha... |
572f8b45b2c2fd14005681d8 | What might the relative intensities of pain resemble? | risk | [
"Pain\n\nIn his book, The Greatest Show on Earth: The Evidence for Evolution, biologist Richard Dawkins grapples with the question of why pain has to be so very painful. He describes the alternative as a simple, mental raising of a \"red flag\". To argue why that red flag might be insufficient, Dawkins explains tha... |
572f8b45b2c2fd14005681d9 | What type of designer is natural selection? | poor | [
"Pain\n\nIn his book, The Greatest Show on Earth: The Evidence for Evolution, biologist Richard Dawkins grapples with the question of why pain has to be so very painful. He describes the alternative as a simple, mental raising of a \"red flag\". To argue why that red flag might be insufficient, Dawkins explains tha... |
572f8ddea23a5019007fc735 | Along with with ethnicity and genetics, what is the other factor associated with differences in pain perception? | sex | [
"Pain\n\nDifferences in pain perception and tolerance thresholds are associated with, among other factors, ethnicity, genetics, and sex. People of Mediterranean origin report as painful some radiant heat intensities that northern Europeans describe as nonpainful. And Italian women tolerate less intense electric sho... |
572f8ddea23a5019007fc736 | What might some people of Mediterranean origin report as painful that people of this origin wouldn't? | Europeans | [
"Pain\n\nDifferences in pain perception and tolerance thresholds are associated with, among other factors, ethnicity, genetics, and sex. People of Mediterranean origin report as painful some radiant heat intensities that northern Europeans describe as nonpainful. And Italian women tolerate less intense electric sho... |
572f8ddea23a5019007fc737 | What nationality can tolerate the least amount of electric shock? | Italian | [
"Pain\n\nDifferences in pain perception and tolerance thresholds are associated with, among other factors, ethnicity, genetics, and sex. People of Mediterranean origin report as painful some radiant heat intensities that northern Europeans describe as nonpainful. And Italian women tolerate less intense electric sho... |
572f8ddea23a5019007fc738 | What do some individuals in all cultures have significantly higher than normal? | pain perception | [
"Pain\n\nDifferences in pain perception and tolerance thresholds are associated with, among other factors, ethnicity, genetics, and sex. People of Mediterranean origin report as painful some radiant heat intensities that northern Europeans describe as nonpainful. And Italian women tolerate less intense electric sho... |
572f8ddea23a5019007fc739 | Patients who have painless heart attacks have higher what? | pain thresholds | [
"Pain\n\nDifferences in pain perception and tolerance thresholds are associated with, among other factors, ethnicity, genetics, and sex. People of Mediterranean origin report as painful some radiant heat intensities that northern Europeans describe as nonpainful. And Italian women tolerate less intense electric sho... |
572f8f2eb2c2fd14005681fd | What is the most reliable measure of pain? | person's self-report | [
"Pain\n\nA person's self-report is the most reliable measure of pain, with health care professionals tending to underestimate severity. A definition of pain widely employed in nursing, emphasizing its subjective nature and the importance of believing patient reports, was introduced by Margo McCaffery in 1968: \"Pai... |
572f8f2eb2c2fd14005681fe | What do health-care professionals tend to underestimate? | severity | [
"Pain\n\nA person's self-report is the most reliable measure of pain, with health care professionals tending to underestimate severity. A definition of pain widely employed in nursing, emphasizing its subjective nature and the importance of believing patient reports, was introduced by Margo McCaffery in 1968: \"Pai... |
572f8f2eb2c2fd14005681ff | What did Margo McCaffery introduce in 1968? | definition of pain | [
"Pain\n\nA person's self-report is the most reliable measure of pain, with health care professionals tending to underestimate severity. A definition of pain widely employed in nursing, emphasizing its subjective nature and the importance of believing patient reports, was introduced by Margo McCaffery in 1968: \"Pai... |
572f8f2eb2c2fd1400568200 | What scale might a patient be asked to locate their pain on? | 0 to 10 | [
"Pain\n\nA person's self-report is the most reliable measure of pain, with health care professionals tending to underestimate severity. A definition of pain widely employed in nursing, emphasizing its subjective nature and the importance of believing patient reports, was introduced by Margo McCaffery in 1968: \"Pai... |
572f8f2eb2c2fd1400568201 | What are patients asked to use the McGill Pain Questionnaire to indicate? | which words best describe their pain | [
"Pain\n\nA person's self-report is the most reliable measure of pain, with health care professionals tending to underestimate severity. A definition of pain widely employed in nursing, emphasizing its subjective nature and the importance of believing patient reports, was introduced by Margo McCaffery in 1968: \"Pai... |
572f926ab2c2fd1400568207 | What is MPI an abbreviation for? | Multidimensional Pain Inventory | [
"Pain\n\nThe Multidimensional Pain Inventory (MPI) is a questionnaire designed to assess the psychosocial state of a person with chronic pain. Analysis of MPI results by Turk and Rudy (1988) found three classes of chronic pain patient: \"(a) dysfunctional, people who perceived the severity of their pain to be high,... |
572f926ab2c2fd1400568208 | How many classes of chronic pain patients are there? | three | [
"Pain\n\nThe Multidimensional Pain Inventory (MPI) is a questionnaire designed to assess the psychosocial state of a person with chronic pain. Analysis of MPI results by Turk and Rudy (1988) found three classes of chronic pain patient: \"(a) dysfunctional, people who perceived the severity of their pain to be high,... |
572f926ab2c2fd1400568209 | What do dysfunctional people perceive the severity of their pain to be? | high | [
"Pain\n\nThe Multidimensional Pain Inventory (MPI) is a questionnaire designed to assess the psychosocial state of a person with chronic pain. Analysis of MPI results by Turk and Rudy (1988) found three classes of chronic pain patient: \"(a) dysfunctional, people who perceived the severity of their pain to be high,... |
572f926ab2c2fd140056820a | What do interpersonally distressed people feel their significant others aren't supportive of? | their pain problems | [
"Pain\n\nThe Multidimensional Pain Inventory (MPI) is a questionnaire designed to assess the psychosocial state of a person with chronic pain. Analysis of MPI results by Turk and Rudy (1988) found three classes of chronic pain patient: \"(a) dysfunctional, people who perceived the severity of their pain to be high,... |
572f926ab2c2fd140056820b | What should MPI characterization of a person be combined with for deriving the most useful case descriptions? | their IASP five-category pain profile | [
"Pain\n\nThe Multidimensional Pain Inventory (MPI) is a questionnaire designed to assess the psychosocial state of a person with chronic pain. Analysis of MPI results by Turk and Rudy (1988) found three classes of chronic pain patient: \"(a) dysfunctional, people who perceived the severity of their pain to be high,... |
572f94bca23a5019007fc799 | What become critical when a person is non-verbal? | observation | [
"Pain\n\nWhen a person is non-verbal and cannot self-report pain, observation becomes critical, and specific behaviors can be monitored as pain indicators. Behaviors such as facial grimacing and guarding indicate pain, as well as an increase or decrease in vocalizations, changes in routine behavior patterns and men... |
572f94bca23a5019007fc79a | What can be monitored as pain indicators? | specific behaviors | [
"Pain\n\nWhen a person is non-verbal and cannot self-report pain, observation becomes critical, and specific behaviors can be monitored as pain indicators. Behaviors such as facial grimacing and guarding indicate pain, as well as an increase or decrease in vocalizations, changes in routine behavior patterns and men... |
572f94bca23a5019007fc79b | Facial grimacing and guarding indicate what? | pain | [
"Pain\n\nWhen a person is non-verbal and cannot self-report pain, observation becomes critical, and specific behaviors can be monitored as pain indicators. Behaviors such as facial grimacing and guarding indicate pain, as well as an increase or decrease in vocalizations, changes in routine behavior patterns and men... |
572f94bca23a5019007fc79c | What type of social behavior might patients experiencing pain exhibit? | withdrawn | [
"Pain\n\nWhen a person is non-verbal and cannot self-report pain, observation becomes critical, and specific behaviors can be monitored as pain indicators. Behaviors such as facial grimacing and guarding indicate pain, as well as an increase or decrease in vocalizations, changes in routine behavior patterns and men... |
572f94bca23a5019007fc79d | How can patients with dementia indicate discomfort exists? | signal | [
"Pain\n\nWhen a person is non-verbal and cannot self-report pain, observation becomes critical, and specific behaviors can be monitored as pain indicators. Behaviors such as facial grimacing and guarding indicate pain, as well as an increase or decrease in vocalizations, changes in routine behavior patterns and men... |
572f98e5b2c2fd140056822f | What does the experience of pain have throughout cultures? | dimensions | [
"Pain\n\nThe experience of pain has many cultural dimensions. For instance, the way in which one experiences and responds to pain is related to sociocultural characteristics, such as gender, ethnicity, and age. An aging adult may not respond to pain in the way that a younger person would. Their ability to recognize... |
572f98e5b2c2fd1400568230 | What might an aging adult not respond to the same way as a younger person would? | pain | [
"Pain\n\nThe experience of pain has many cultural dimensions. For instance, the way in which one experiences and responds to pain is related to sociocultural characteristics, such as gender, ethnicity, and age. An aging adult may not respond to pain in the way that a younger person would. Their ability to recognize... |
572f98e5b2c2fd1400568231 | Aging adult's ability to recognize pain may be blunted by what? | illness | [
"Pain\n\nThe experience of pain has many cultural dimensions. For instance, the way in which one experiences and responds to pain is related to sociocultural characteristics, such as gender, ethnicity, and age. An aging adult may not respond to pain in the way that a younger person would. Their ability to recognize... |
572f98e5b2c2fd1400568232 | Why may older adults quit doing activities the love? | because it hurts too much | [
"Pain\n\nThe experience of pain has many cultural dimensions. For instance, the way in which one experiences and responds to pain is related to sociocultural characteristics, such as gender, ethnicity, and age. An aging adult may not respond to pain in the way that a younger person would. Their ability to recognize... |
572f98e5b2c2fd1400568233 | An older adult may also not report pain because they're scared they may be put on what? | a drug | [
"Pain\n\nThe experience of pain has many cultural dimensions. For instance, the way in which one experiences and responds to pain is related to sociocultural characteristics, such as gender, ethnicity, and age. An aging adult may not respond to pain in the way that a younger person would. Their ability to recognize... |
572fa359947a6a140053cae8 | What kind of barriers can prevent a person from telling someone they're in pain? | Cultural | [
"Pain\n\nCultural barriers can also keep a person from telling someone they are in pain. Religious beliefs may prevent the individual from seeking help. They may feel certain pain treatment is against their religion. They may not report pain because they feel it is a sign that death is near. Many people fear the st... |
572fa359947a6a140053cae9 | How can religious beliefs contribute to a person remaining in pain? | prevent the individual from seeking help | [
"Pain\n\nCultural barriers can also keep a person from telling someone they are in pain. Religious beliefs may prevent the individual from seeking help. They may feel certain pain treatment is against their religion. They may not report pain because they feel it is a sign that death is near. Many people fear the st... |
572fa359947a6a140053caea | Some people may not report pain because they think it's a sign what is near? | death | [
"Pain\n\nCultural barriers can also keep a person from telling someone they are in pain. Religious beliefs may prevent the individual from seeking help. They may feel certain pain treatment is against their religion. They may not report pain because they feel it is a sign that death is near. Many people fear the st... |
572fa359947a6a140053caeb | What do many people fear pain treatment will lead to? | potentially addicting drugs | [
"Pain\n\nCultural barriers can also keep a person from telling someone they are in pain. Religious beliefs may prevent the individual from seeking help. They may feel certain pain treatment is against their religion. They may not report pain because they feel it is a sign that death is near. Many people fear the st... |
572fa359947a6a140053caec | What is an issue of reporting pain specific to Asians? | do not want to lose respect in society by admitting they are in pain | [
"Pain\n\nCultural barriers can also keep a person from telling someone they are in pain. Religious beliefs may prevent the individual from seeking help. They may feel certain pain treatment is against their religion. They may not report pain because they feel it is a sign that death is near. Many people fear the st... |
572fa484a23a5019007fc80d | What does the IASP advocate that the relief of pain should be recognized as? | a human right | [
"Pain\n\nThe International Association for the Study of Pain advocates that the relief of pain should be recognized as a human right, that chronic pain should be considered a disease in its own right, and that pain medicine should have the full status of a specialty. It is a specialty only in China and Australia at... |
572fa484a23a5019007fc80e | What should chronic pain be considered in its own right? | a disease | [
"Pain\n\nThe International Association for the Study of Pain advocates that the relief of pain should be recognized as a human right, that chronic pain should be considered a disease in its own right, and that pain medicine should have the full status of a specialty. It is a specialty only in China and Australia at... |
572fa484a23a5019007fc80f | What two countries is treating pain a specialty in? | China and Australia | [
"Pain\n\nThe International Association for the Study of Pain advocates that the relief of pain should be recognized as a human right, that chronic pain should be considered a disease in its own right, and that pain medicine should have the full status of a specialty. It is a specialty only in China and Australia at... |
572fa484a23a5019007fc810 | What is pain medicine often under disciplines like physiatry, neurology, etc? | subspecialty | [
"Pain\n\nThe International Association for the Study of Pain advocates that the relief of pain should be recognized as a human right, that chronic pain should be considered a disease in its own right, and that pain medicine should have the full status of a specialty. It is a specialty only in China and Australia at... |
572fa484a23a5019007fc811 | As of 2011, how many people worldwide are still denied access to inexpensive medications for severe pain? | tens of millions | [
"Pain\n\nThe International Association for the Study of Pain advocates that the relief of pain should be recognized as a human right, that chronic pain should be considered a disease in its own right, and that pain medicine should have the full status of a specialty. It is a specialty only in China and Australia at... |
572fa514947a6a140053cafc | What, when taken orally, can reduce total crying time of newsborns undergoing a painful procedure? | Sugar | [
"Pain\n\nSugar taken orally reduces the total crying time but not the duration of the first cry in newborns undergoing a painful procedure (a single lancing of the heel). It does not moderate the effect of pain on heart rate and a recent single study found that sugar did not significantly affect pain-related electr... |
572fa514947a6a140053cafd | What doesn't sugar change the effect of pain on? | heart rate | [
"Pain\n\nSugar taken orally reduces the total crying time but not the duration of the first cry in newborns undergoing a painful procedure (a single lancing of the heel). It does not moderate the effect of pain on heart rate and a recent single study found that sugar did not significantly affect pain-related electr... |
572fa514947a6a140053cafe | Sugar also doesn't measurably change what type of electrical activity in the brains of newborns a second after the heel lance procedure? | pain-related | [
"Pain\n\nSugar taken orally reduces the total crying time but not the duration of the first cry in newborns undergoing a painful procedure (a single lancing of the heel). It does not moderate the effect of pain on heart rate and a recent single study found that sugar did not significantly affect pain-related electr... |
572fa514947a6a140053caff | A sweet oral liquid does moderately reduce the incidence and duration of what? | crying | [
"Pain\n\nSugar taken orally reduces the total crying time but not the duration of the first cry in newborns undergoing a painful procedure (a single lancing of the heel). It does not moderate the effect of pain on heart rate and a recent single study found that sugar did not significantly affect pain-related electr... |
572fa775947a6a140053cb0a | Clinical hypnosis may be effective in doing what with pain associated with surgical procedures in adults and children? | controlling | [
"Pain\n\nA number of meta-analyses have found clinical hypnosis to be effective in controlling pain associated with diagnostic and surgical procedures in both adults and children, as well as pain associated with cancer and childbirth. A 2007 review of 13 studies found evidence for the efficacy of hypnosis in the re... |
572fa775947a6a140053cb0b | How many studies in 2007 found evidence for the efficacy of hypnosis in the reduction of chronic pain? | 13 | [
"Pain\n\nA number of meta-analyses have found clinical hypnosis to be effective in controlling pain associated with diagnostic and surgical procedures in both adults and children, as well as pain associated with cancer and childbirth. A 2007 review of 13 studies found evidence for the efficacy of hypnosis in the re... |
572fa775947a6a140053cb0c | What did the studies regarding the effectiveness of hypnosis lack? | credible controls for placebo and/or expectation | [
"Pain\n\nA number of meta-analyses have found clinical hypnosis to be effective in controlling pain associated with diagnostic and surgical procedures in both adults and children, as well as pain associated with cancer and childbirth. A 2007 review of 13 studies found evidence for the efficacy of hypnosis in the re... |
572fa775947a6a140053cb0d | What is considerable more research needed to determine for different chronic pain conditions? | effects of hypnosis | [
"Pain\n\nA number of meta-analyses have found clinical hypnosis to be effective in controlling pain associated with diagnostic and surgical procedures in both adults and children, as well as pain associated with cancer and childbirth. A 2007 review of 13 studies found evidence for the efficacy of hypnosis in the re... |
572fa8c9947a6a140053cb12 | What is the most common reason people seek out alternative medicine? | Pain | [
"Pain\n\nPain is the most common reason for people to use complementary and alternative medicine. An analysis of the 13 highest quality studies of pain treatment with acupuncture, published in January 2009, concluded there is little difference in the effect of real, sham and no acupuncture. However other reviews ha... |
572fa8c9947a6a140053cb13 | What did an analysis of the 13 studies of pain treatment conclude about the effect of real treament versus sham treatments? | little difference in the effect | [
"Pain\n\nPain is the most common reason for people to use complementary and alternative medicine. An analysis of the 13 highest quality studies of pain treatment with acupuncture, published in January 2009, concluded there is little difference in the effect of real, sham and no acupuncture. However other reviews ha... |
572fa8c9947a6a140053cb14 | Some contradictory reviews of 13 high quality studies found actual what? | benefit | [
"Pain\n\nPain is the most common reason for people to use complementary and alternative medicine. An analysis of the 13 highest quality studies of pain treatment with acupuncture, published in January 2009, concluded there is little difference in the effect of real, sham and no acupuncture. However other reviews ha... |
572fa8c9947a6a140053cb15 | What medicine is there tentative evidence for the efficacy of? | herbal | [
"Pain\n\nPain is the most common reason for people to use complementary and alternative medicine. An analysis of the 13 highest quality studies of pain treatment with acupuncture, published in January 2009, concluded there is little difference in the effect of real, sham and no acupuncture. However other reviews ha... |
572fa8c9947a6a140053cb16 | Other than in osteomalacia, what is there no evidence of a relationship between pain and? | vitamin D | [
"Pain\n\nPain is the most common reason for people to use complementary and alternative medicine. An analysis of the 13 highest quality studies of pain treatment with acupuncture, published in January 2009, concluded there is little difference in the effect of real, sham and no acupuncture. However other reviews ha... |
572fa99c04bcaa1900d76b81 | What type of topic is physical pain important in relation to many issues? | political | [
"Pain\n\nPhysical pain is an important political topic in relation to various issues, including pain management policy, drug control, animal rights or animal welfare, torture, and pain compliance. In various contexts, the deliberate infliction of pain in the form of corporal punishment is used as retribution for an... |
572fa99c04bcaa1900d76b82 | Corporal punishment is a form of what type of pain? | deliberate infliction | [
"Pain\n\nPhysical pain is an important political topic in relation to various issues, including pain management policy, drug control, animal rights or animal welfare, torture, and pain compliance. In various contexts, the deliberate infliction of pain in the form of corporal punishment is used as retribution for an... |
572fa99c04bcaa1900d76b83 | What is corporal punishment used as retribution for? | an offence | [
"Pain\n\nPhysical pain is an important political topic in relation to various issues, including pain management policy, drug control, animal rights or animal welfare, torture, and pain compliance. In various contexts, the deliberate infliction of pain in the form of corporal punishment is used as retribution for an... |
572fa99c04bcaa1900d76b84 | How does pain inform attitudes deemed unacceptable? | deter | [
"Pain\n\nPhysical pain is an important political topic in relation to various issues, including pain management policy, drug control, animal rights or animal welfare, torture, and pain compliance. In various contexts, the deliberate infliction of pain in the form of corporal punishment is used as retribution for an... |
572fa99c04bcaa1900d76b85 | What kind of practices do some cultures highly regard? | extreme | [
"Pain\n\nPhysical pain is an important political topic in relation to various issues, including pain management policy, drug control, animal rights or animal welfare, torture, and pain compliance. In various contexts, the deliberate infliction of pain in the form of corporal punishment is used as retribution for an... |
572faa1c04bcaa1900d76b8b | What is the most reliable method of learning about pain in a human? | asking a question | [
"Pain\n\nThe most reliable method for assessing pain in most humans is by asking a question: a person may report pain that cannot be detected by any known physiological measure. However, like infants (Latin infans meaning \"unable to speak\"), animals cannot answer questions about whether they feel pain; thus the d... |
572faa1c04bcaa1900d76b8c | What can't animals answer? | whether they feel pain | [
"Pain\n\nThe most reliable method for assessing pain in most humans is by asking a question: a person may report pain that cannot be detected by any known physiological measure. However, like infants (Latin infans meaning \"unable to speak\"), animals cannot answer questions about whether they feel pain; thus the d... |
572faa1c04bcaa1900d76b8d | What did Descartes argue animals lack? | consciousness | [
"Pain\n\nThe most reliable method for assessing pain in most humans is by asking a question: a person may report pain that cannot be detected by any known physiological measure. However, like infants (Latin infans meaning \"unable to speak\"), animals cannot answer questions about whether they feel pain; thus the d... |
572faa1c04bcaa1900d76b8e | What university is Bernard Rollin associated with? | Colorado State University | [
"Pain\n\nThe most reliable method for assessing pain in most humans is by asking a question: a person may report pain that cannot be detected by any known physiological measure. However, like infants (Latin infans meaning \"unable to speak\"), animals cannot answer questions about whether they feel pain; thus the d... |
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