Split (2)

train · 86.8k rows

id stringlengths 24 24	question stringlengths 1 270	answer stringlengths 1 239	documents listlengths 1 1
572ff287a23a5019007fcb8d	How many Italians became citizens after the loss of the Social War?	more than 500,000	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nBetween 135 BC and 71 BC there were three \"Servile Wars\" involving slave uprisings against the Roman state. The third and final uprising was the most serious, involving ultimately between 120,000 and 150,000 slaves under the command of the gladiator Spartacus. In 91 BC the Social War broke out ...
572ff287a23a5019007fcb8e	How many slave uprisings were there between the years of 135 BC and 71 BC?	three	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nBetween 135 BC and 71 BC there were three \"Servile Wars\" involving slave uprisings against the Roman state. The third and final uprising was the most serious, involving ultimately between 120,000 and 150,000 slaves under the command of the gladiator Spartacus. In 91 BC the Social War broke out ...
572ff287a23a5019007fcb8f	Ultimately what started the Social War?	allies complained that they shared the risk of Rome's military campaigns, but not its rewards	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nBetween 135 BC and 71 BC there were three \"Servile Wars\" involving slave uprisings against the Roman state. The third and final uprising was the most serious, involving ultimately between 120,000 and 150,000 slaves under the command of the gladiator Spartacus. In 91 BC the Social War broke out ...
572ff5d8947a6a140053ce84	What type of war was caused by the clash of two generals?	civil wars	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nThe internal unrest reached its most serious state, however, in the two civil wars that were caused by the clash between generals Gaius Marius and Lucius Cornelius Sulla starting from 88 BC. In the Battle of the Colline Gate at the very door of the city of Rome, a Roman army under Sulla bested an...
572ff5d8947a6a140053ce85	In what year did Marius and Sull begin to clash?	88 BC	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nThe internal unrest reached its most serious state, however, in the two civil wars that were caused by the clash between generals Gaius Marius and Lucius Cornelius Sulla starting from 88 BC. In the Battle of the Colline Gate at the very door of the city of Rome, a Roman army under Sulla bested an...
572ff5d8947a6a140053ce86	In what specific section of Rome did the Battle of the Colline Gate take place?	very door of the city	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nThe internal unrest reached its most serious state, however, in the two civil wars that were caused by the clash between generals Gaius Marius and Lucius Cornelius Sulla starting from 88 BC. In the Battle of the Colline Gate at the very door of the city of Rome, a Roman army under Sulla bested an...
572ff5d8947a6a140053ce87	Who was defeated in the Battle of the Colline Gate?	an army of the Marius supporters	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nThe internal unrest reached its most serious state, however, in the two civil wars that were caused by the clash between generals Gaius Marius and Lucius Cornelius Sulla starting from 88 BC. In the Battle of the Colline Gate at the very door of the city of Rome, a Roman army under Sulla bested an...
572ff5d8947a6a140053ce88	What can be considered one of the causes that led to the downfall of the Roman Republic?	the willingness of Roman troops to wage war against one another	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nThe internal unrest reached its most serious state, however, in the two civil wars that were caused by the clash between generals Gaius Marius and Lucius Cornelius Sulla starting from 88 BC. In the Battle of the Colline Gate at the very door of the city of Rome, a Roman army under Sulla bested an...
572ff73b04bcaa1900d76f47	Who was the leader of Pontus in the year 85 BC?	Mithridates the Great	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nMithridates the Great was the ruler of Pontus, a large kingdom in Asia Minor (modern Turkey), from 120 to 63 BC. Mithridates antagonised Rome by seeking to expand his kingdom, and Rome for her part seemed equally eager for war and the spoils and prestige that it might bring. In 88 BC, Mithridates...
572ff73b04bcaa1900d76f48	With which individual did Lucius Cornelius have a rivalry?	Gaius Marius	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nMithridates the Great was the ruler of Pontus, a large kingdom in Asia Minor (modern Turkey), from 120 to 63 BC. Mithridates antagonised Rome by seeking to expand his kingdom, and Rome for her part seemed equally eager for war and the spoils and prestige that it might bring. In 88 BC, Mithridates...
572ff73b04bcaa1900d76f49	How did the ruler of Pontus anger Rome?	by seeking to expand his kingdom	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nMithridates the Great was the ruler of Pontus, a large kingdom in Asia Minor (modern Turkey), from 120 to 63 BC. Mithridates antagonised Rome by seeking to expand his kingdom, and Rome for her part seemed equally eager for war and the spoils and prestige that it might bring. In 88 BC, Mithridates...
572ff73b04bcaa1900d76f4a	When was the last year of Mithridates the Great's reign?	63 BC	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nMithridates the Great was the ruler of Pontus, a large kingdom in Asia Minor (modern Turkey), from 120 to 63 BC. Mithridates antagonised Rome by seeking to expand his kingdom, and Rome for her part seemed equally eager for war and the spoils and prestige that it might bring. In 88 BC, Mithridates...
572ff73b04bcaa1900d76f4b	How many Romans lived in Mithridate the Great's kingdom in 88 BC?	80,000	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nMithridates the Great was the ruler of Pontus, a large kingdom in Asia Minor (modern Turkey), from 120 to 63 BC. Mithridates antagonised Rome by seeking to expand his kingdom, and Rome for her part seemed equally eager for war and the spoils and prestige that it might bring. In 88 BC, Mithridates...
572ff8e304bcaa1900d76f79	Who held a term as praetor in the Iberian Peninsula?	Julius Caesar	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nDuring his term as praetor in the Iberian Peninsula (modern Portugal and Spain), Pompey's contemporary Julius Caesar defeated two local tribes in battle. After his term as consul in 59 BC, he was appointed to a five-year term as the proconsular Governor of Cisalpine Gaul (part of current northern...
572ff8e304bcaa1900d76f7a	Why did Julius Caesar wish to invade Gaul?	would give him the dramatic military success he sought	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nDuring his term as praetor in the Iberian Peninsula (modern Portugal and Spain), Pompey's contemporary Julius Caesar defeated two local tribes in battle. After his term as consul in 59 BC, he was appointed to a five-year term as the proconsular Governor of Cisalpine Gaul (part of current northern...
572ff8e304bcaa1900d76f7b	When did Julius Caesar's term as consul end?	59 BC	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nDuring his term as praetor in the Iberian Peninsula (modern Portugal and Spain), Pompey's contemporary Julius Caesar defeated two local tribes in battle. After his term as consul in 59 BC, he was appointed to a five-year term as the proconsular Governor of Cisalpine Gaul (part of current northern...
572ff8e304bcaa1900d76f7c	What military leader was Julius Caesar a contemporary of?	Pompey	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nDuring his term as praetor in the Iberian Peninsula (modern Portugal and Spain), Pompey's contemporary Julius Caesar defeated two local tribes in battle. After his term as consul in 59 BC, he was appointed to a five-year term as the proconsular Governor of Cisalpine Gaul (part of current northern...
572ff8e304bcaa1900d76f7d	What was the reasoning Julius Caesar used to start the Gallic Wars?	two local tribes began to migrate on a route that would take them near (not into) the Roman province of Transalpine Gaul	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nDuring his term as praetor in the Iberian Peninsula (modern Portugal and Spain), Pompey's contemporary Julius Caesar defeated two local tribes in battle. After his term as consul in 59 BC, he was appointed to a five-year term as the proconsular Governor of Cisalpine Gaul (part of current northern...
572ffa3da23a5019007fcbdf	When was the invasion of the Parthian Empire begun?	53 BC	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nBy 59 BC an unofficial political alliance known as the First Triumvirate was formed between Gaius Julius Caesar, Marcus Licinius Crassus, and Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus (\"Pompey the Great\") to share power and influence. In 53 BC, Crassus launched a Roman invasion of the Parthian Empire (modern Iraq...
572ffa3da23a5019007fcbe0	Who started the invasion of the Parthian Empire?	Crassus	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nBy 59 BC an unofficial political alliance known as the First Triumvirate was formed between Gaius Julius Caesar, Marcus Licinius Crassus, and Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus (\"Pompey the Great\") to share power and influence. In 53 BC, Crassus launched a Roman invasion of the Parthian Empire (modern Iraq...
572ffa3da23a5019007fcbe1	In what battle did Marcus Licinius Crassus die?	the Battle of Carrhae	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nBy 59 BC an unofficial political alliance known as the First Triumvirate was formed between Gaius Julius Caesar, Marcus Licinius Crassus, and Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus (\"Pompey the Great\") to share power and influence. In 53 BC, Crassus launched a Roman invasion of the Parthian Empire (modern Iraq...
572ffa3da23a5019007fcbe2	Who was believed to have had a secret allegiance with enemies of Julius Caesar?	Pompey	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nBy 59 BC an unofficial political alliance known as the First Triumvirate was formed between Gaius Julius Caesar, Marcus Licinius Crassus, and Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus (\"Pompey the Great\") to share power and influence. In 53 BC, Crassus launched a Roman invasion of the Parthian Empire (modern Iraq...
572ffa3da23a5019007fcbe3	What did the senators request of Caesar in order for him to stand for consul?	turned over control of his armies to the state	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nBy 59 BC an unofficial political alliance known as the First Triumvirate was formed between Gaius Julius Caesar, Marcus Licinius Crassus, and Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus (\"Pompey the Great\") to share power and influence. In 53 BC, Crassus launched a Roman invasion of the Parthian Empire (modern Iraq...
572ffb1eb2c2fd14005686bf	During what year did Caesar's armies cross the river Rubicon?	49 BC	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nBy the spring of 49 BC, the hardened legions of Caesar crossed the river Rubicon, the legal boundary of Roman Italy beyond which no commander might bring his army, and swept down the Italian peninsula towards Rome, while Pompey ordered the abandonment of Rome. Afterwards Caesar turned his attenti...
572ffb1eb2c2fd14005686c0	Who would be seen as having been defeated in the Battle of Pharsalus?	Pompey	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nBy the spring of 49 BC, the hardened legions of Caesar crossed the river Rubicon, the legal boundary of Roman Italy beyond which no commander might bring his army, and swept down the Italian peninsula towards Rome, while Pompey ordered the abandonment of Rome. Afterwards Caesar turned his attenti...
572ffb1eb2c2fd14005686c1	In which year did The Battle of Pharsalus take place?	48 BC	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nBy the spring of 49 BC, the hardened legions of Caesar crossed the river Rubicon, the legal boundary of Roman Italy beyond which no commander might bring his army, and swept down the Italian peninsula towards Rome, while Pompey ordered the abandonment of Rome. Afterwards Caesar turned his attenti...
572ffb1eb2c2fd14005686c2	In what country did Pompey die in?	Egypt	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nBy the spring of 49 BC, the hardened legions of Caesar crossed the river Rubicon, the legal boundary of Roman Italy beyond which no commander might bring his army, and swept down the Italian peninsula towards Rome, while Pompey ordered the abandonment of Rome. Afterwards Caesar turned his attenti...
572ffb1eb2c2fd14005686c3	Who decided to attack Pompey in Greece?	Caesar	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nBy the spring of 49 BC, the hardened legions of Caesar crossed the river Rubicon, the legal boundary of Roman Italy beyond which no commander might bring his army, and swept down the Italian peninsula towards Rome, while Pompey ordered the abandonment of Rome. Afterwards Caesar turned his attenti...
572ffc9bb2c2fd14005686db	Who was now considered to be the primary figure in the Roman state?	Caesar	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nCaesar was now the primary figure of the Roman state, enforcing and entrenching his powers. His enemies feared that he had ambitions to become an autocratic ruler. Arguing that the Roman Republic was in danger, a group of senators hatched a conspiracy and assassinated Caesar at a meeting of the S...
572ffc9bb2c2fd14005686dc	Which group of people conspired against Caesar in order to have him assassinated?	senators	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nCaesar was now the primary figure of the Roman state, enforcing and entrenching his powers. His enemies feared that he had ambitions to become an autocratic ruler. Arguing that the Roman Republic was in danger, a group of senators hatched a conspiracy and assassinated Caesar at a meeting of the S...
572ffc9bb2c2fd14005686dd	When did Julius Caesar die?	March 44 BC	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nCaesar was now the primary figure of the Roman state, enforcing and entrenching his powers. His enemies feared that he had ambitions to become an autocratic ruler. Arguing that the Roman Republic was in danger, a group of senators hatched a conspiracy and assassinated Caesar at a meeting of the S...
572ffc9bb2c2fd14005686de	Which former lieutenant of Caesar was considered a public threat after Caesar was assassinated?	Mark Antony	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nCaesar was now the primary figure of the Roman state, enforcing and entrenching his powers. His enemies feared that he had ambitions to become an autocratic ruler. Arguing that the Roman Republic was in danger, a group of senators hatched a conspiracy and assassinated Caesar at a meeting of the S...
572ffc9bb2c2fd14005686df	Why did the Roman senators wish to have Caesar assassinated?	the Roman Republic was in danger	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nCaesar was now the primary figure of the Roman state, enforcing and entrenching his powers. His enemies feared that he had ambitions to become an autocratic ruler. Arguing that the Roman Republic was in danger, a group of senators hatched a conspiracy and assassinated Caesar at a meeting of the S...
572fffb8a23a5019007fcc29	What failure caused the the flares of civil war to spark up again?	Second Triumvirate of Octavian	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nHowever, civil war flared again when the Second Triumvirate of Octavian, Lepidus and Mark Antony failed. The ambitious Octavian built a power base of patronage and then launched a campaign against Mark Antony. At the naval Battle of Actium off the coast of Greece, Octavian decisively defeated Ant...
572fffb8a23a5019007fcc2a	Who defeated Cleopatra and Mark Antony at the Battle of Actium?	Octavian	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nHowever, civil war flared again when the Second Triumvirate of Octavian, Lepidus and Mark Antony failed. The ambitious Octavian built a power base of patronage and then launched a campaign against Mark Antony. At the naval Battle of Actium off the coast of Greece, Octavian decisively defeated Ant...
572fffb8a23a5019007fcc2b	In what year was Octavian first allowed to use the names Augustus and Princeps?	27 BC	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nHowever, civil war flared again when the Second Triumvirate of Octavian, Lepidus and Mark Antony failed. The ambitious Octavian built a power base of patronage and then launched a campaign against Mark Antony. At the naval Battle of Actium off the coast of Greece, Octavian decisively defeated Ant...
572fffb8a23a5019007fcc2c	Who has been designated as the first Emperor of Rome?	Octavian	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nHowever, civil war flared again when the Second Triumvirate of Octavian, Lepidus and Mark Antony failed. The ambitious Octavian built a power base of patronage and then launched a campaign against Mark Antony. At the naval Battle of Actium off the coast of Greece, Octavian decisively defeated Ant...
572fffb8a23a5019007fcc2d	Which individual was granted permanent consular powers?	Octavian	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nHowever, civil war flared again when the Second Triumvirate of Octavian, Lepidus and Mark Antony failed. The ambitious Octavian built a power base of patronage and then launched a campaign against Mark Antony. At the naval Battle of Actium off the coast of Greece, Octavian decisively defeated Ant...
573002eda23a5019007fcc33	Who was considered to be the last king of the Roman Kingdom?	Lucius Tarquinius Superbus	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nThe last king of the Roman Kingdom, Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, was overthrown in 509 BC by a group of noblemen led by Lucius Junius Brutus. Tarquin made a number of attempts to retake the throne, including the Tarquinian conspiracy, the war with Veii and Tarquinii and finally the war between Rom...
573002eda23a5019007fcc34	When did the last king of the Roman Kingdom lose his seat of power?	509 BC	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nThe last king of the Roman Kingdom, Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, was overthrown in 509 BC by a group of noblemen led by Lucius Junius Brutus. Tarquin made a number of attempts to retake the throne, including the Tarquinian conspiracy, the war with Veii and Tarquinii and finally the war between Rom...
573002eda23a5019007fcc35	Who would elect a king in the Roman Kingdom prior to the revolution?	senators	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nThe last king of the Roman Kingdom, Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, was overthrown in 509 BC by a group of noblemen led by Lucius Junius Brutus. Tarquin made a number of attempts to retake the throne, including the Tarquinian conspiracy, the war with Veii and Tarquinii and finally the war between Rom...
573002eda23a5019007fcc36	What was the length of a term that a king would be elected for in the Roman Kingdom?	life term	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nThe last king of the Roman Kingdom, Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, was overthrown in 509 BC by a group of noblemen led by Lucius Junius Brutus. Tarquin made a number of attempts to retake the throne, including the Tarquinian conspiracy, the war with Veii and Tarquinii and finally the war between Rom...
573002eda23a5019007fcc37	Who were the joint consulars considered to be an equal of politically?	old king	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nThe last king of the Roman Kingdom, Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, was overthrown in 509 BC by a group of noblemen led by Lucius Junius Brutus. Tarquin made a number of attempts to retake the throne, including the Tarquinian conspiracy, the war with Veii and Tarquinii and finally the war between Rom...
5730048804bcaa1900d77019	In what year was the city in conflict with two nearby tribes?	494 BC	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nIn 494 BC, the city was at war with two neighboring tribes. The plebeian soldiers refused to march against the enemy, and instead seceded to the Aventine Hill. The plebeians demanded the right to elect their own officials. The patricians agreed, and the plebeians returned to the battlefield. The ...
5730048804bcaa1900d7701a	Which group of people requested the ability to elect officials?	The plebeians	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nIn 494 BC, the city was at war with two neighboring tribes. The plebeian soldiers refused to march against the enemy, and instead seceded to the Aventine Hill. The plebeians demanded the right to elect their own officials. The patricians agreed, and the plebeians returned to the battlefield. The ...
5730048804bcaa1900d7701b	Who used the vetoes that they had been given to prevent the appointment of magistrates?	the tribunes	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nIn 494 BC, the city was at war with two neighboring tribes. The plebeian soldiers refused to march against the enemy, and instead seceded to the Aventine Hill. The plebeians demanded the right to elect their own officials. The patricians agreed, and the plebeians returned to the battlefield. The ...
5730048804bcaa1900d7701c	What were the assistants to the plebeian tribunes named?	plebeian aediles	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nIn 494 BC, the city was at war with two neighboring tribes. The plebeian soldiers refused to march against the enemy, and instead seceded to the Aventine Hill. The plebeians demanded the right to elect their own officials. The patricians agreed, and the plebeians returned to the battlefield. The ...
5730048804bcaa1900d7701d	During what century were reformed passed that allowed laws passed by the plebeians to have the full force of the law?	5th century BC	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nIn 494 BC, the city was at war with two neighboring tribes. The plebeian soldiers refused to march against the enemy, and instead seceded to the Aventine Hill. The plebeians demanded the right to elect their own officials. The patricians agreed, and the plebeians returned to the battlefield. The ...
573005e3a23a5019007fcc5f	What year were limits placed upon plebeians that prevented them from holding more than one office concurrently?	342 BC	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nAfter the consulship had been opened to the plebeians, the plebeians were able to hold both the dictatorship and the censorship. Plebiscites of 342 BC placed limits on political offices; an individual could hold only one office at a time, and ten years must elapse between the end of his official ...
573005e3a23a5019007fcc60	What could no longer be associated with debt after laws were passed preventing it?	interest	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nAfter the consulship had been opened to the plebeians, the plebeians were able to hold both the dictatorship and the censorship. Plebiscites of 342 BC placed limits on political offices; an individual could hold only one office at a time, and ten years must elapse between the end of his official ...
573005e3a23a5019007fcc61	What year saw the election of a plebeian to the office of praetor?	337 BC	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nAfter the consulship had been opened to the plebeians, the plebeians were able to hold both the dictatorship and the censorship. Plebiscites of 342 BC placed limits on political offices; an individual could hold only one office at a time, and ten years must elapse between the end of his official ...
573005e3a23a5019007fcc62	How did senators attempt to gain the favor of the tribunes?	gave the tribunes a great deal of power	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nAfter the consulship had been opened to the plebeians, the plebeians were able to hold both the dictatorship and the censorship. Plebiscites of 342 BC placed limits on political offices; an individual could hold only one office at a time, and ten years must elapse between the end of his official ...
573005e3a23a5019007fcc63	What was considered a pathway to holding a higher office?	the tribunate	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nAfter the consulship had been opened to the plebeians, the plebeians were able to hold both the dictatorship and the censorship. Plebiscites of 342 BC placed limits on political offices; an individual could hold only one office at a time, and ten years must elapse between the end of his official ...
5730077fb2c2fd1400568757	In what year was the Plebiscitum Ovinium initiative enacted?	before 312 BCE	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nShortly before 312 BCE, the Plebeian Council enacted the Plebiscitum Ovinium. During the early republic, only consuls could appoint new senators. This initiative, however, transferred this power to the censors. It also required the censor to appoint any newly elected magistrate to the senate. By ...
5730077fb2c2fd1400568758	Who had already held a large amount of magisterial offices?	plebeians	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nShortly before 312 BCE, the Plebeian Council enacted the Plebiscitum Ovinium. During the early republic, only consuls could appoint new senators. This initiative, however, transferred this power to the censors. It also required the censor to appoint any newly elected magistrate to the senate. By ...
5730077fb2c2fd1400568759	Who was allowed to be elected to high office positions?	only patricians	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nShortly before 312 BCE, the Plebeian Council enacted the Plebiscitum Ovinium. During the early republic, only consuls could appoint new senators. This initiative, however, transferred this power to the censors. It also required the censor to appoint any newly elected magistrate to the senate. By ...
5730077fb2c2fd140056875a	What initiative provided censors with the abillity to appoint new senators?	Plebiscitum Ovinium	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nShortly before 312 BCE, the Plebeian Council enacted the Plebiscitum Ovinium. During the early republic, only consuls could appoint new senators. This initiative, however, transferred this power to the censors. It also required the censor to appoint any newly elected magistrate to the senate. By ...
5730077fb2c2fd140056875b	Who could a newly elected magistrate expect to be appointed by?	the censor	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nShortly before 312 BCE, the Plebeian Council enacted the Plebiscitum Ovinium. During the early republic, only consuls could appoint new senators. This initiative, however, transferred this power to the censors. It also required the censor to appoint any newly elected magistrate to the senate. By ...
5730094a04bcaa1900d77047	What was the economic status of your typical plebeian in 287 BC?	poor	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nBy 287 BC, the economic condition of the average plebeian had become poor. The problem appears to have centered around widespread indebtedness. The plebeians demanded relief, but the senators refused to address their situation. The result was the final plebeian secession. The plebeians seceded to...
5730094a04bcaa1900d77048	Who refused to concern themselves with the plebeians debt situation?	senators	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nBy 287 BC, the economic condition of the average plebeian had become poor. The problem appears to have centered around widespread indebtedness. The plebeians demanded relief, but the senators refused to address their situation. The result was the final plebeian secession. The plebeians seceded to...
5730094a04bcaa1900d77049	What law was passed that allowed the Plebeian Council to consider a bill without the approval of the patrician senators?	the Lex Hortensia	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nBy 287 BC, the economic condition of the average plebeian had become poor. The problem appears to have centered around widespread indebtedness. The plebeians demanded relief, but the senators refused to address their situation. The result was the final plebeian secession. The plebeians seceded to...
5730094a04bcaa1900d7704a	What did the patrician senators refusal to address the accumulating debt of the plebeians lead to?	the final plebeian secession	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nBy 287 BC, the economic condition of the average plebeian had become poor. The problem appears to have centered around widespread indebtedness. The plebeians demanded relief, but the senators refused to address their situation. The result was the final plebeian secession. The plebeians seceded to...
57300ba704bcaa1900d77075	Which group of people were now considered to be politically equal with the plebeians?	patricians	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nThe plebeians had finally achieved political equality with the patricians. However, the plight of the average plebeian had not changed. A small number of plebeian families achieved the same standing that the old aristocratic patrician families had always had, but the new plebeian aristocrats beca...
57300ba704bcaa1900d77076	Which group of people rebelled by vacating Rome?	The plebeians	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nThe plebeians had finally achieved political equality with the patricians. However, the plight of the average plebeian had not changed. A small number of plebeian families achieved the same standing that the old aristocratic patrician families had always had, but the new plebeian aristocrats beca...
57300ba704bcaa1900d77077	How many plebeian families had an identical standing as the old aristocratic patrician families?	A small number	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nThe plebeians had finally achieved political equality with the patricians. However, the plight of the average plebeian had not changed. A small number of plebeian families achieved the same standing that the old aristocratic patrician families had always had, but the new plebeian aristocrats beca...
57300ba704bcaa1900d77078	What did the rebelling plebeians want before they returned to Rome?	more rights	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nThe plebeians had finally achieved political equality with the patricians. However, the plight of the average plebeian had not changed. A small number of plebeian families achieved the same standing that the old aristocratic patrician families had always had, but the new plebeian aristocrats beca...
57300d2e04bcaa1900d770a3	Why was the senate considered to be supreme during this time?	because the era was dominated by questions of foreign and military policy	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nThe Hortensian Law deprived the patricians of their last weapon against the plebeians, and thus resolved the last great political question of the era. No such important political changes occurred between 287 BC and 133 BC. The important laws of this era were still enacted by the senate. In effect...
57300d2e04bcaa1900d770a4	What years did no important political changes happen during?	287 BC and 133 BC	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nThe Hortensian Law deprived the patricians of their last weapon against the plebeians, and thus resolved the last great political question of the era. No such important political changes occurred between 287 BC and 133 BC. The important laws of this era were still enacted by the senate. In effect...
57300d2e04bcaa1900d770a5	What group of people often failed to use the power that was given to them?	the plebeians	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nThe Hortensian Law deprived the patricians of their last weapon against the plebeians, and thus resolved the last great political question of the era. No such important political changes occurred between 287 BC and 133 BC. The important laws of this era were still enacted by the senate. In effect...
57300d2e04bcaa1900d770a6	Who enacted crucial laws during this period of time?	the senate	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nThe Hortensian Law deprived the patricians of their last weapon against the plebeians, and thus resolved the last great political question of the era. No such important political changes occurred between 287 BC and 133 BC. The important laws of this era were still enacted by the senate. In effect...
57300d2e04bcaa1900d770a7	What was a political element that satiated the plebeians?	the possession of power	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nThe Hortensian Law deprived the patricians of their last weapon against the plebeians, and thus resolved the last great political question of the era. No such important political changes occurred between 287 BC and 133 BC. The important laws of this era were still enacted by the senate. In effect...
57300e8a04bcaa1900d770c1	What had caused citizens to vacate their farms?	long military campaigns	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nIn the final decades of this era many plebeians grew poorer. The long military campaigns had forced citizens to leave their farms to fight, while their farms fell into disrepair. The landed aristocracy began buying bankrupted farms at discounted prices. As commodity prices fell, many farmers coul...
57300e8a04bcaa1900d770c2	How could a candidate assure the vote of a poverty stricken plebeian?	offered them the most	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nIn the final decades of this era many plebeians grew poorer. The long military campaigns had forced citizens to leave their farms to fight, while their farms fell into disrepair. The landed aristocracy began buying bankrupted farms at discounted prices. As commodity prices fell, many farmers coul...
57300e8a04bcaa1900d770c3	What type of culture was a side effect of the rampant poverty of the average plebeian?	culture of dependency	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nIn the final decades of this era many plebeians grew poorer. The long military campaigns had forced citizens to leave their farms to fight, while their farms fell into disrepair. The landed aristocracy began buying bankrupted farms at discounted prices. As commodity prices fell, many farmers coul...
57300e8a04bcaa1900d770c4	What caused the bankruptcy of many farmers during this era?	commodity prices fell	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nIn the final decades of this era many plebeians grew poorer. The long military campaigns had forced citizens to leave their farms to fight, while their farms fell into disrepair. The landed aristocracy began buying bankrupted farms at discounted prices. As commodity prices fell, many farmers coul...
57300e8a04bcaa1900d770c5	Who had bought the now bankrupt farms?	landed aristocracy	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nIn the final decades of this era many plebeians grew poorer. The long military campaigns had forced citizens to leave their farms to fight, while their farms fell into disrepair. The landed aristocracy began buying bankrupted farms at discounted prices. As commodity prices fell, many farmers coul...
57300fb0a23a5019007fccd9	To what position was Tiberius Gracchus elected?	tribune	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nTiberius Gracchus was elected tribune in 133 BC. He attempted to enact a law which would have limited the amount of land that any individual could own. The aristocrats, who stood to lose an enormous amount of money, were bitterly opposed to this proposal. Tiberius submitted this law to the Plebei...
57300fb0a23a5019007fccda	Who had tried to enact a law that places a limit on the amount of property any single individual could possess?	Tiberius Gracchus	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nTiberius Gracchus was elected tribune in 133 BC. He attempted to enact a law which would have limited the amount of land that any individual could own. The aristocrats, who stood to lose an enormous amount of money, were bitterly opposed to this proposal. Tiberius submitted this law to the Plebei...
57300fb0a23a5019007fccdb	When was Tiberius Gracchus murdered?	when he stood for reelection to the tribunate	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nTiberius Gracchus was elected tribune in 133 BC. He attempted to enact a law which would have limited the amount of land that any individual could own. The aristocrats, who stood to lose an enormous amount of money, were bitterly opposed to this proposal. Tiberius submitted this law to the Plebei...
57300fb0a23a5019007fccdc	Which tribune was impeached by the Plebeian Council?	Marcus Octavius	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nTiberius Gracchus was elected tribune in 133 BC. He attempted to enact a law which would have limited the amount of land that any individual could own. The aristocrats, who stood to lose an enormous amount of money, were bitterly opposed to this proposal. Tiberius submitted this law to the Plebei...
57300fb0a23a5019007fccdd	What was considered to be the opposite of Roman constitutional theory?	that a representative of the people ceases to be one when he acts against the wishes of the people	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nTiberius Gracchus was elected tribune in 133 BC. He attempted to enact a law which would have limited the amount of land that any individual could own. The aristocrats, who stood to lose an enormous amount of money, were bitterly opposed to this proposal. Tiberius submitted this law to the Plebei...
5730113a947a6a140053d02c	In what year was Gaius elected to office?	123 BC	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nTiberius' brother Gaius was elected tribune in 123 BC. Gaius Gracchus' ultimate goal was to weaken the senate and to strengthen the democratic forces. In the past, for example, the senate would eliminate political rivals either by establishing special judicial commissions or by passing a senatus ...
5730113a947a6a140053d02d	What is considered to be the end game of Gaius Gracchus?	weaken the senate and to strengthen the democratic forces	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nTiberius' brother Gaius was elected tribune in 123 BC. Gaius Gracchus' ultimate goal was to weaken the senate and to strengthen the democratic forces. In the past, for example, the senate would eliminate political rivals either by establishing special judicial commissions or by passing a senatus ...
5730113a947a6a140053d02e	Who brought forward a law that would given citizenship right to Italian allies of Rome?	Gaius	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nTiberius' brother Gaius was elected tribune in 123 BC. Gaius Gracchus' ultimate goal was to weaken the senate and to strengthen the democratic forces. In the past, for example, the senate would eliminate political rivals either by establishing special judicial commissions or by passing a senatus ...
5730113a947a6a140053d02f	Which elected official lost the election in 121 BC?	Gaius	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nTiberius' brother Gaius was elected tribune in 123 BC. Gaius Gracchus' ultimate goal was to weaken the senate and to strengthen the democratic forces. In the past, for example, the senate would eliminate political rivals either by establishing special judicial commissions or by passing a senatus ...
5730113a947a6a140053d030	What was the location of the Gaius Gracchus murder?	Capitoline Hill in Rome	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nTiberius' brother Gaius was elected tribune in 123 BC. Gaius Gracchus' ultimate goal was to weaken the senate and to strengthen the democratic forces. In the past, for example, the senate would eliminate political rivals either by establishing special judicial commissions or by passing a senatus ...
5730124ca23a5019007fccff	Who was the illegitimate offspring of the King Micipsa of Numidia?	Jugurtha	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nIn 118 BC, King Micipsa of Numidia (current-day Algeria and Tunisia) died. He was succeeded by two legitimate sons, Adherbal and Hiempsal, and an illegitimate son, Jugurtha. Micipsa divided his kingdom between these three sons. Jugurtha, however, turned on his brothers, killing Hiempsal and drivi...
5730124ca23a5019007fcd00	Who was Jugurtha's rival?	Gaius Marius	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nIn 118 BC, King Micipsa of Numidia (current-day Algeria and Tunisia) died. He was succeeded by two legitimate sons, Adherbal and Hiempsal, and an illegitimate son, Jugurtha. Micipsa divided his kingdom between these three sons. Jugurtha, however, turned on his brothers, killing Hiempsal and drivi...
5730124ca23a5019007fcd01	When was Gaius Marius elected to the position of consul?	107 BC	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nIn 118 BC, King Micipsa of Numidia (current-day Algeria and Tunisia) died. He was succeeded by two legitimate sons, Adherbal and Hiempsal, and an illegitimate son, Jugurtha. Micipsa divided his kingdom between these three sons. Jugurtha, however, turned on his brothers, killing Hiempsal and drivi...
5730124ca23a5019007fcd02	Who did not agree with the election of Gaius Marius?	aristocratic senators	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nIn 118 BC, King Micipsa of Numidia (current-day Algeria and Tunisia) died. He was succeeded by two legitimate sons, Adherbal and Hiempsal, and an illegitimate son, Jugurtha. Micipsa divided his kingdom between these three sons. Jugurtha, however, turned on his brothers, killing Hiempsal and drivi...
5730124ca23a5019007fcd03	Which individual did the populares part have an allegiance with?	Marius	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nIn 118 BC, King Micipsa of Numidia (current-day Algeria and Tunisia) died. He was succeeded by two legitimate sons, Adherbal and Hiempsal, and an illegitimate son, Jugurtha. Micipsa divided his kingdom between these three sons. Jugurtha, however, turned on his brothers, killing Hiempsal and drivi...
57301640b2c2fd1400568831	In what year was a Roman army dispatched to terminate the King of Pontus?	88 BC	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nSeveral years later, in 88 BC, a Roman army was sent to put down an emerging Asian power, king Mithridates of Pontus. The army, however, was defeated. One of Marius' old quaestors, Lucius Cornelius Sulla, had been elected consul for the year, and was ordered by the senate to assume command of the...
57301640b2c2fd1400568832	Who was ordered by the senate to become commander in the conflict with King Mithridates?	Lucius Cornelius Sulla	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nSeveral years later, in 88 BC, a Roman army was sent to put down an emerging Asian power, king Mithridates of Pontus. The army, however, was defeated. One of Marius' old quaestors, Lucius Cornelius Sulla, had been elected consul for the year, and was ordered by the senate to assume command of the...
57301640b2c2fd1400568833	Who had successfully passed a law whose sole purpose was to lessen the power of the tribunate?	Sulla	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nSeveral years later, in 88 BC, a Roman army was sent to put down an emerging Asian power, king Mithridates of Pontus. The army, however, was defeated. One of Marius' old quaestors, Lucius Cornelius Sulla, had been elected consul for the year, and was ordered by the senate to assume command of the...
57301640b2c2fd1400568834	What political party did Lucius Cornelius Sulla belong to?	populares	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nSeveral years later, in 88 BC, a Roman army was sent to put down an emerging Asian power, king Mithridates of Pontus. The army, however, was defeated. One of Marius' old quaestors, Lucius Cornelius Sulla, had been elected consul for the year, and was ordered by the senate to assume command of the...
57301640b2c2fd1400568835	What happened after Sulla returned to the conflict with Mithridates?	Marius and Lucius Cornelius Cinna soon took control of the city	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nSeveral years later, in 88 BC, a Roman army was sent to put down an emerging Asian power, king Mithridates of Pontus. The army, however, was defeated. One of Marius' old quaestors, Lucius Cornelius Sulla, had been elected consul for the year, and was ordered by the senate to assume command of the...
57301781b2c2fd140056884f	How many years was normal to span between offices prior to the populares controlling the city?	ten-year interval	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nDuring the period in which the populares party controlled the city, they flouted convention by re-electing Marius consul several times without observing the customary ten-year interval between offices. They also transgressed the established oligarchy by advancing unelected individuals to magister...
57301781b2c2fd1400568850	In what year did Sulla succesfully take over the populares controlled city?	83 BC	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nDuring the period in which the populares party controlled the city, they flouted convention by re-electing Marius consul several times without observing the customary ten-year interval between offices. They also transgressed the established oligarchy by advancing unelected individuals to magister...
57301781b2c2fd1400568851	Who were slaughtered upon the arrival of Sulla in Rome?	most of Marius' supporters	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nDuring the period in which the populares party controlled the city, they flouted convention by re-electing Marius consul several times without observing the customary ten-year interval between offices. They also transgressed the established oligarchy by advancing unelected individuals to magister...
57301781b2c2fd1400568852	In what year did Sulla die?	78 BC	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nDuring the period in which the populares party controlled the city, they flouted convention by re-electing Marius consul several times without observing the customary ten-year interval between offices. They also transgressed the established oligarchy by advancing unelected individuals to magister...

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