Split (2)

train · 86.8k rows

id stringlengths 24 24	question stringlengths 1 270	answer stringlengths 1 239	documents listlengths 1 1
57301781b2c2fd1400568853	Which leader had achieved peace with Mithridates?	Sulla	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nDuring the period in which the populares party controlled the city, they flouted convention by re-electing Marius consul several times without observing the customary ten-year interval between offices. They also transgressed the established oligarchy by advancing unelected individuals to magister...
573018e604bcaa1900d7717d	Where in the year 77 BC was an uprising?	Spain	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nIn 77 BC, the senate sent one of Sulla's former lieutenants, Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus (\"Pompey the Great\"), to put down an uprising in Spain. By 71 BC, Pompey returned to Rome after having completed his mission. Around the same time, another of Sulla's former lieutenants, Marcus Licinius Crassus,...
573018e604bcaa1900d7717e	Which former lieutenant of Sulla had dismantled most of the constitution that Sulla had crafted?	Pompey	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nIn 77 BC, the senate sent one of Sulla's former lieutenants, Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus (\"Pompey the Great\"), to put down an uprising in Spain. By 71 BC, Pompey returned to Rome after having completed his mission. Around the same time, another of Sulla's former lieutenants, Marcus Licinius Crassus,...
573018e604bcaa1900d7717f	In what year was the election held that let Pompey and Crassus obtain the seat of consul?	70 BC	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nIn 77 BC, the senate sent one of Sulla's former lieutenants, Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus (\"Pompey the Great\"), to put down an uprising in Spain. By 71 BC, Pompey returned to Rome after having completed his mission. Around the same time, another of Sulla's former lieutenants, Marcus Licinius Crassus,...
573018e604bcaa1900d77180	Who was the instigator in the slave revolt in Italy?	Spartacus	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nIn 77 BC, the senate sent one of Sulla's former lieutenants, Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus (\"Pompey the Great\"), to put down an uprising in Spain. By 71 BC, Pompey returned to Rome after having completed his mission. Around the same time, another of Sulla's former lieutenants, Marcus Licinius Crassus,...
573018e604bcaa1900d77181	When did Pompey return to Rome after having quelled the uprising in Spain?	71 BC	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nIn 77 BC, the senate sent one of Sulla's former lieutenants, Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus (\"Pompey the Great\"), to put down an uprising in Spain. By 71 BC, Pompey returned to Rome after having completed his mission. Around the same time, another of Sulla's former lieutenants, Marcus Licinius Crassus,...
57301ab104bcaa1900d771a9	When did the movement that considered the use of peaceful means to solve the plight of lesser classes begin?	Around 66 BC	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nAround 66 BC, a movement to use constitutional, or at least peaceful, means to address the plight of various classes began. After several failures, the movement's leaders decided to use any means that were necessary to accomplish their goals. The movement coalesced under an aristocrat named Luciu...
57301ab104bcaa1900d771aa	How many former consuls in Rome were executed as a result of a conspiracy?	one former consul	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nAround 66 BC, a movement to use constitutional, or at least peaceful, means to address the plight of various classes began. After several failures, the movement's leaders decided to use any means that were necessary to accomplish their goals. The movement coalesced under an aristocrat named Luciu...
57301ab104bcaa1900d771ab	What town was a common site of agitation within the area?	Faesulae	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nAround 66 BC, a movement to use constitutional, or at least peaceful, means to address the plight of various classes began. After several failures, the movement's leaders decided to use any means that were necessary to accomplish their goals. The movement coalesced under an aristocrat named Luciu...
57301ab104bcaa1900d771ac	Who can lay claim to the destruction of Lucius Sergius Catilina's forces?	Cicero	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nAround 66 BC, a movement to use constitutional, or at least peaceful, means to address the plight of various classes began. After several failures, the movement's leaders decided to use any means that were necessary to accomplish their goals. The movement coalesced under an aristocrat named Luciu...
57301ab104bcaa1900d771ad	Which individual had planned an uprising that ideally would see the death of most of the Roman senators?	Lucius Sergius Catilina	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nAround 66 BC, a movement to use constitutional, or at least peaceful, means to address the plight of various classes began. After several failures, the movement's leaders decided to use any means that were necessary to accomplish their goals. The movement coalesced under an aristocrat named Luciu...
57301bf5b2c2fd1400568885	In which year would Julius Caesar hope to be elected to the position of consul?	59 BC	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nIn 62 BC, Pompey returned victorious from Asia. The Senate, elated by its successes against Catiline, refused to ratify the arrangements that Pompey had made. Pompey, in effect, became powerless. Thus, when Julius Caesar returned from a governorship in Spain in 61 BC, he found it easy to make an ...
57301bf5b2c2fd1400568886	What was the name of the private agreement between Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus?	First Triumvirate	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nIn 62 BC, Pompey returned victorious from Asia. The Senate, elated by its successes against Catiline, refused to ratify the arrangements that Pompey had made. Pompey, in effect, became powerless. Thus, when Julius Caesar returned from a governorship in Spain in 61 BC, he found it easy to make an ...
57301bf5b2c2fd1400568887	What was Crassus agree to receive in the First Triumvirate agreement?	a future consulship	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nIn 62 BC, Pompey returned victorious from Asia. The Senate, elated by its successes against Catiline, refused to ratify the arrangements that Pompey had made. Pompey, in effect, became powerless. Thus, when Julius Caesar returned from a governorship in Spain in 61 BC, he found it easy to make an ...
57301bf5b2c2fd1400568888	When did Julius Caesar return to Rome?	61 BC	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nIn 62 BC, Pompey returned victorious from Asia. The Senate, elated by its successes against Catiline, refused to ratify the arrangements that Pompey had made. Pompey, in effect, became powerless. Thus, when Julius Caesar returned from a governorship in Spain in 61 BC, he found it easy to make an ...
57301bf5b2c2fd1400568889	What provided the Roman senate with exuberance?	successes against Catiline	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nIn 62 BC, Pompey returned victorious from Asia. The Senate, elated by its successes against Catiline, refused to ratify the arrangements that Pompey had made. Pompey, in effect, became powerless. Thus, when Julius Caesar returned from a governorship in Spain in 61 BC, he found it easy to make an ...
57301d28b2c2fd14005688a9	Who had tried to prevent the enactment of the laws that Caesar had proposed?	Bibulus	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nCaesar became consul in 59 BC. His colleague, Marcus Calpurnius Bibulus, was an extreme aristocrat. Caesar submitted the laws that he had promised Pompey to the assemblies. Bibulus attempted to obstruct the enactment of these laws, and so Caesar used violent means to ensure their passage. Caesar ...
57301d28b2c2fd14005688aa	What type of case saw Cicero testify against Clodius?	sacrilege case	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nCaesar became consul in 59 BC. His colleague, Marcus Calpurnius Bibulus, was an extreme aristocrat. Caesar submitted the laws that he had promised Pompey to the assemblies. Bibulus attempted to obstruct the enactment of these laws, and so Caesar used violent means to ensure their passage. Caesar ...
57301d28b2c2fd14005688ab	Who enacted a law that would increase the partial grain subsidy?	Clodius	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nCaesar became consul in 59 BC. His colleague, Marcus Calpurnius Bibulus, was an extreme aristocrat. Caesar submitted the laws that he had promised Pompey to the assemblies. Bibulus attempted to obstruct the enactment of these laws, and so Caesar used violent means to ensure their passage. Caesar ...
57301d28b2c2fd14005688ac	Which individual lost his home to a fire?	Cicero	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nCaesar became consul in 59 BC. His colleague, Marcus Calpurnius Bibulus, was an extreme aristocrat. Caesar submitted the laws that he had promised Pompey to the assemblies. Bibulus attempted to obstruct the enactment of these laws, and so Caesar used violent means to ensure their passage. Caesar ...
57301d28b2c2fd14005688ad	Who was elected to the tribunate in 58 BC?	Publius Clodius Pulcher	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nCaesar became consul in 59 BC. His colleague, Marcus Calpurnius Bibulus, was an extreme aristocrat. Caesar submitted the laws that he had promised Pompey to the assemblies. Bibulus attempted to obstruct the enactment of these laws, and so Caesar used violent means to ensure their passage. Caesar ...
57301e6bb2c2fd14005688bd	Who was responsible for the attacks on followers of Pompey?	Clodius	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nClodius formed armed gangs that terrorised the city and eventually began to attack Pompey's followers, who in response funded counter-gangs formed by Titus Annius Milo. The political alliance of the triumvirate was crumbling. Domitius Ahenobarbus ran for the consulship in 55 BC promising to take ...
57301e6bb2c2fd14005688be	What political position were Pompey and Crassus assured they would receive in 55 BC?	consul	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nClodius formed armed gangs that terrorised the city and eventually began to attack Pompey's followers, who in response funded counter-gangs formed by Titus Annius Milo. The political alliance of the triumvirate was crumbling. Domitius Ahenobarbus ran for the consulship in 55 BC promising to take ...
57301e6bb2c2fd14005688bf	What caused the death of Julius Caesar's female offspring?	childbirth	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nClodius formed armed gangs that terrorised the city and eventually began to attack Pompey's followers, who in response funded counter-gangs formed by Titus Annius Milo. The political alliance of the triumvirate was crumbling. Domitius Ahenobarbus ran for the consulship in 55 BC promising to take ...
57301e6bb2c2fd14005688c0	Which individual ran for consul in 55 BC?	Domitius Ahenobarbus	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nClodius formed armed gangs that terrorised the city and eventually began to attack Pompey's followers, who in response funded counter-gangs formed by Titus Annius Milo. The political alliance of the triumvirate was crumbling. Domitius Ahenobarbus ran for the consulship in 55 BC promising to take ...
57301e6bb2c2fd14005688c1	Who was responsible for an expedition against the Parthian Kingdom?	Crassus	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nClodius formed armed gangs that terrorised the city and eventually began to attack Pompey's followers, who in response funded counter-gangs formed by Titus Annius Milo. The political alliance of the triumvirate was crumbling. Domitius Ahenobarbus ran for the consulship in 55 BC promising to take ...
5730239eb2c2fd1400568931	In which year did Clodius die?	52 BC	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nBeginning in the summer of 54 BC, a wave of political corruption and violence swept Rome. This chaos reached a climax in January of 52 BC, when Clodius was murdered in a gang war by Milo. On 1 January 49 BC, an agent of Caesar presented an ultimatum to the senate. The ultimatum was rejected, and ...
5730239eb2c2fd1400568932	Who was responsible for the death of Clodius?	Milo	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nBeginning in the summer of 54 BC, a wave of political corruption and violence swept Rome. This chaos reached a climax in January of 52 BC, when Clodius was murdered in a gang war by Milo. On 1 January 49 BC, an agent of Caesar presented an ultimatum to the senate. The ultimatum was rejected, and ...
5730239eb2c2fd1400568933	Who did the senators decide would aid them in their conflict with Caesar?	Pompey	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nBeginning in the summer of 54 BC, a wave of political corruption and violence swept Rome. This chaos reached a climax in January of 52 BC, when Clodius was murdered in a gang war by Milo. On 1 January 49 BC, an agent of Caesar presented an ultimatum to the senate. The ultimatum was rejected, and ...
5730239eb2c2fd1400568934	What type of powers were granted to Pompey by the senate?	dictatorial	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nBeginning in the summer of 54 BC, a wave of political corruption and violence swept Rome. This chaos reached a climax in January of 52 BC, when Clodius was murdered in a gang war by Milo. On 1 January 49 BC, an agent of Caesar presented an ultimatum to the senate. The ultimatum was rejected, and ...
5730239eb2c2fd1400568935	Ultimately what forced the senate to abandon Rome and flee to Greece?	Caesar's rapid advance	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nBeginning in the summer of 54 BC, a wave of political corruption and violence swept Rome. This chaos reached a climax in January of 52 BC, when Clodius was murdered in a gang war by Milo. On 1 January 49 BC, an agent of Caesar presented an ultimatum to the senate. The ultimatum was rejected, and ...
573024cc04bcaa1900d7721d	In Rome during this time who was considered to hold both the dictatorship and the position of the tribunate?	Caesar	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nCaesar held both the dictatorship and the tribunate, and alternated between the consulship and the proconsulship. In 48 BC, Caesar was given permanent tribunician powers. This made his person sacrosanct, gave him the power to veto the senate, and allowed him to dominate the Plebeian Council. In 4...
573024cc04bcaa1900d7721e	What power could Caesar use against the senate should he choose?	power to veto	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nCaesar held both the dictatorship and the tribunate, and alternated between the consulship and the proconsulship. In 48 BC, Caesar was given permanent tribunician powers. This made his person sacrosanct, gave him the power to veto the senate, and allowed him to dominate the Plebeian Council. In 4...
573024cc04bcaa1900d7721f	In what year was Caesar given the power of a censor?	46 BC	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nCaesar held both the dictatorship and the tribunate, and alternated between the consulship and the proconsulship. In 48 BC, Caesar was given permanent tribunician powers. This made his person sacrosanct, gave him the power to veto the senate, and allowed him to dominate the Plebeian Council. In 4...
573024cc04bcaa1900d77220	What is considered to have counteracted the prestige of the senatorial aristocracy?	raised the membership of the Senate to 900	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nCaesar held both the dictatorship and the tribunate, and alternated between the consulship and the proconsulship. In 48 BC, Caesar was given permanent tribunician powers. This made his person sacrosanct, gave him the power to veto the senate, and allowed him to dominate the Plebeian Council. In 4...
5730260904bcaa1900d7722d	On what date was Caesar killed?	March 15, 44 BC	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nCaesar was assassinated on March 15, 44 BC. The assassination was led by Gaius Cassius and Marcus Brutus. Most of the conspirators were senators, who had a variety of economic, political, or personal motivations for carrying out the assassination. Many were afraid that Caesar would soon resurrect...
5730260904bcaa1900d7722e	Who comprised most of the members of the conspiracy to assassinate Caesar?	senators	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nCaesar was assassinated on March 15, 44 BC. The assassination was led by Gaius Cassius and Marcus Brutus. Most of the conspirators were senators, who had a variety of economic, political, or personal motivations for carrying out the assassination. Many were afraid that Caesar would soon resurrect...
5730260904bcaa1900d7722f	What did some members of the conspiracy believe Caesar would bring back?	the monarchy	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nCaesar was assassinated on March 15, 44 BC. The assassination was led by Gaius Cassius and Marcus Brutus. Most of the conspirators were senators, who had a variety of economic, political, or personal motivations for carrying out the assassination. Many were afraid that Caesar would soon resurrect...
5730260904bcaa1900d77230	Who did Gaius Cassius and Marcus Brutus lead the conspiracy against?	Caesar	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nCaesar was assassinated on March 15, 44 BC. The assassination was led by Gaius Cassius and Marcus Brutus. Most of the conspirators were senators, who had a variety of economic, political, or personal motivations for carrying out the assassination. Many were afraid that Caesar would soon resurrect...
5730260904bcaa1900d77231	Why did many members of the senate flee the city after Caesar's death?	fear of retaliation	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nCaesar was assassinated on March 15, 44 BC. The assassination was led by Gaius Cassius and Marcus Brutus. Most of the conspirators were senators, who had a variety of economic, political, or personal motivations for carrying out the assassination. Many were afraid that Caesar would soon resurrect...
573027a5b2c2fd1400568981	Who was soon allied with Caesar's adopted son following his death?	Mark Antony	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nAfter the assassination, Mark Antony formed an alliance with Caesar's adopted son and great-nephew, Gaius Octavian. Along with Marcus Lepidus, they formed an alliance known as the Second Triumvirate. They held powers that were nearly identical to the powers that Caesar had held under his constitu...
573027a5b2c2fd1400568982	In what year did the Battle of Philippi end?	42 BC	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nAfter the assassination, Mark Antony formed an alliance with Caesar's adopted son and great-nephew, Gaius Octavian. Along with Marcus Lepidus, they formed an alliance known as the Second Triumvirate. They held powers that were nearly identical to the powers that Caesar had held under his constitu...
573027a5b2c2fd1400568983	How did Mark Antony die?	he committed suicide	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nAfter the assassination, Mark Antony formed an alliance with Caesar's adopted son and great-nephew, Gaius Octavian. Along with Marcus Lepidus, they formed an alliance known as the Second Triumvirate. They held powers that were nearly identical to the powers that Caesar had held under his constitu...
573027a5b2c2fd1400568984	What was the alliance that was formed with Marcus Lepidus named?	the Second Triumvirate	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nAfter the assassination, Mark Antony formed an alliance with Caesar's adopted son and great-nephew, Gaius Octavian. Along with Marcus Lepidus, they formed an alliance known as the Second Triumvirate. They held powers that were nearly identical to the powers that Caesar had held under his constitu...
573027a5b2c2fd1400568985	In what battle did Mark Antony see defeat?	Battle of Actium	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nAfter the assassination, Mark Antony formed an alliance with Caesar's adopted son and great-nephew, Gaius Octavian. Along with Marcus Lepidus, they formed an alliance known as the Second Triumvirate. They held powers that were nearly identical to the powers that Caesar had held under his constitu...
57302972b2c2fd140056899d	Who in Rome was responsible for imposing tribute on nations that they had conquered?	Rome's military	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nAs with most ancient civilizations, Rome's military served the triple purposes of securing its borders, exploiting peripheral areas through measures such as imposing tribute on conquered peoples, and maintaining internal order. From the outset, Rome's military typified this pattern and the majori...
57302972b2c2fd140056899e	What could be considered a trait of Rome's military campaigns?	obstinate persistence	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nAs with most ancient civilizations, Rome's military served the triple purposes of securing its borders, exploiting peripheral areas through measures such as imposing tribute on conquered peoples, and maintaining internal order. From the outset, Rome's military typified this pattern and the majori...
57302972b2c2fd140056899f	What was considered a problem in the Roman Republic during its last century?	civil war	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nAs with most ancient civilizations, Rome's military served the triple purposes of securing its borders, exploiting peripheral areas through measures such as imposing tribute on conquered peoples, and maintaining internal order. From the outset, Rome's military typified this pattern and the majori...
57302972b2c2fd14005689a0	What would often lead Rome to wage war in foreign lands?	defense of an ally	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nAs with most ancient civilizations, Rome's military served the triple purposes of securing its borders, exploiting peripheral areas through measures such as imposing tribute on conquered peoples, and maintaining internal order. From the outset, Rome's military typified this pattern and the majori...
57302aab04bcaa1900d772a5	Who introduced the phalanx formation into Rome's army?	Servius Tullius	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nDuring this period, Roman soldiers seem to have been modelled after those of the Etruscans to the north, who themselves seem to have copied their style of warfare from the Greeks. Traditionally, the introduction of the phalanx formation into the Roman army is ascribed to the city's penultimate ki...
57302aab04bcaa1900d772a6	Were Roman soldiers expected to purchase their own equipment?	wealthiest citizens, who were able to purchase the best equipment	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nDuring this period, Roman soldiers seem to have been modelled after those of the Etruscans to the north, who themselves seem to have copied their style of warfare from the Greeks. Traditionally, the introduction of the phalanx formation into the Roman army is ascribed to the city's penultimate ki...
57302aab04bcaa1900d772a7	Who were contained in the first rank of the phalanx formation?	wealthiest citizens	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nDuring this period, Roman soldiers seem to have been modelled after those of the Etruscans to the north, who themselves seem to have copied their style of warfare from the Greeks. Traditionally, the introduction of the phalanx formation into the Roman army is ascribed to the city's penultimate ki...
57302aab04bcaa1900d772a8	From what people did it appear the Etruscans had model their form of warfare on?	Greeks	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nDuring this period, Roman soldiers seem to have been modelled after those of the Etruscans to the north, who themselves seem to have copied their style of warfare from the Greeks. Traditionally, the introduction of the phalanx formation into the Roman army is ascribed to the city's penultimate ki...
57302aab04bcaa1900d772a9	Where did Dionysius hail from?	Halicarnassus	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nDuring this period, Roman soldiers seem to have been modelled after those of the Etruscans to the north, who themselves seem to have copied their style of warfare from the Greeks. Traditionally, the introduction of the phalanx formation into the Roman army is ascribed to the city's penultimate ki...
57302c1e04bcaa1900d772cd	What was a detriment of using the phalanx formation?	only effective when fighting in large, open spaces	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nOne disadvantage of the phalanx was that it was only effective when fighting in large, open spaces, which left the Romans at a disadvantage when fighting in the hilly terrain of central Italian peninsula. In the 4th century BC, the Romans abandoned the phalanx in favour of the more flexible manip...
57302c1e04bcaa1900d772ce	In what century was the phalanx formation finally discarded by the Roman people?	4th century BC	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nOne disadvantage of the phalanx was that it was only effective when fighting in large, open spaces, which left the Romans at a disadvantage when fighting in the hilly terrain of central Italian peninsula. In the 4th century BC, the Romans abandoned the phalanx in favour of the more flexible manip...
57302c1e04bcaa1900d772cf	What fighting formation would eventually replace the phalanx in battle?	manipular formation	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nOne disadvantage of the phalanx was that it was only effective when fighting in large, open spaces, which left the Romans at a disadvantage when fighting in the hilly terrain of central Italian peninsula. In the 4th century BC, the Romans abandoned the phalanx in favour of the more flexible manip...
57302c1e04bcaa1900d772d0	Where is the likely source of the change to the manipular formation?	copied from Rome's Samnite enemies	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nOne disadvantage of the phalanx was that it was only effective when fighting in large, open spaces, which left the Romans at a disadvantage when fighting in the hilly terrain of central Italian peninsula. In the 4th century BC, the Romans abandoned the phalanx in favour of the more flexible manip...
57302c1e04bcaa1900d772d1	What type of ground could be found in the central Italian peninsula?	hilly terrain	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nOne disadvantage of the phalanx was that it was only effective when fighting in large, open spaces, which left the Romans at a disadvantage when fighting in the hilly terrain of central Italian peninsula. In the 4th century BC, the Romans abandoned the phalanx in favour of the more flexible manip...
57302da5b2c2fd1400568a09	How many horseman were likely to be found in a single manipular legion?	300 horsemen	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nThe heavy infantry of the maniples were supported by a number of light infantry and cavalry troops, typically 300 horsemen per manipular legion. The cavalry was drawn primarily from the richest class of equestrians. There was an additional class of troops who followed the army without specific ma...
57302da5b2c2fd1400568a0a	Where could you expect the extensive amount of cavalry troops to be sourced from?	richest class of equestrians	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nThe heavy infantry of the maniples were supported by a number of light infantry and cavalry troops, typically 300 horsemen per manipular legion. The cavalry was drawn primarily from the richest class of equestrians. There was an additional class of troops who followed the army without specific ma...
57302da5b2c2fd1400568a0b	What often neglected social class was the light infantry comprised of?	lower social classes.	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nThe heavy infantry of the maniples were supported by a number of light infantry and cavalry troops, typically 300 horsemen per manipular legion. The cavalry was drawn primarily from the richest class of equestrians. There was an additional class of troops who followed the army without specific ma...
57302da5b2c2fd1400568a0c	Small shields could be found in what section of the infantry?	light infantry	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nThe heavy infantry of the maniples were supported by a number of light infantry and cavalry troops, typically 300 horsemen per manipular legion. The cavalry was drawn primarily from the richest class of equestrians. There was an additional class of troops who followed the army without specific ma...
57302da5b2c2fd1400568a0d	What type of infantry joined light, and the cavalry in battle?	heavy infantry	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nThe heavy infantry of the maniples were supported by a number of light infantry and cavalry troops, typically 300 horsemen per manipular legion. The cavalry was drawn primarily from the richest class of equestrians. There was an additional class of troops who followed the army without specific ma...
57302f5e947a6a140053d24a	Where did Rome receive half of their army from?	the Socii	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nRome's military confederation with the other peoples of the Italian peninsula meant that half of Rome's army was provided by the Socii, such as the Etruscans, Umbrians, Apulians, Campanians, Samnites, Lucani, Bruttii, and the various southern Greek cities. Polybius states that Rome could draw on ...
57302f5e947a6a140053d24b	How many calvary did Rome's Italian allies use?	900 cavalry	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nRome's military confederation with the other peoples of the Italian peninsula meant that half of Rome's army was provided by the Socii, such as the Etruscans, Umbrians, Apulians, Campanians, Samnites, Lucani, Bruttii, and the various southern Greek cities. Polybius states that Rome could draw on ...
57302f5e947a6a140053d24c	How many soldiers were available to Rome at the start of the Second Punic War?	770,000 men	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nRome's military confederation with the other peoples of the Italian peninsula meant that half of Rome's army was provided by the Socii, such as the Etruscans, Umbrians, Apulians, Campanians, Samnites, Lucani, Bruttii, and the various southern Greek cities. Polybius states that Rome could draw on ...
57302f5e947a6a140053d24d	What did Rome's Italian allies call their battle formation?	alae	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nRome's military confederation with the other peoples of the Italian peninsula meant that half of Rome's army was provided by the Socii, such as the Etruscans, Umbrians, Apulians, Campanians, Samnites, Lucani, Bruttii, and the various southern Greek cities. Polybius states that Rome could draw on ...
57302f5e947a6a140053d24e	What allowed Rome to source some of their military from other nearby areas?	military confederation with the other peoples	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nRome's military confederation with the other peoples of the Italian peninsula meant that half of Rome's army was provided by the Socii, such as the Etruscans, Umbrians, Apulians, Campanians, Samnites, Lucani, Bruttii, and the various southern Greek cities. Polybius states that Rome could draw on ...
573035d7b2c2fd1400568a85	During what century did Roman controlled areas see a decline in their populations?	2nd century BC	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nThe extraordinary demands of the Punic Wars, in addition to a shortage of manpower, exposed the tactical weaknesses of the manipular legion, at least in the short term. In 217 BC, near the beginning of the Second Punic War, Rome was forced to effectively ignore its long-standing principle that it...
573035d7b2c2fd1400568a86	What caused the Roman state to provide armaments to their army?	greater collapse of the middle classes	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nThe extraordinary demands of the Punic Wars, in addition to a shortage of manpower, exposed the tactical weaknesses of the manipular legion, at least in the short term. In 217 BC, near the beginning of the Second Punic War, Rome was forced to effectively ignore its long-standing principle that it...
573035d7b2c2fd1400568a87	What were soldiers expected to own prior to the year 217 BC?	property	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nThe extraordinary demands of the Punic Wars, in addition to a shortage of manpower, exposed the tactical weaknesses of the manipular legion, at least in the short term. In 217 BC, near the beginning of the Second Punic War, Rome was forced to effectively ignore its long-standing principle that it...
573035d7b2c2fd1400568a88	What was considered an attributing factor to the decline of the Roman population?	huge losses incurred during various wars	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nThe extraordinary demands of the Punic Wars, in addition to a shortage of manpower, exposed the tactical weaknesses of the manipular legion, at least in the short term. In 217 BC, near the beginning of the Second Punic War, Rome was forced to effectively ignore its long-standing principle that it...
5730382aa23a5019007fcfa9	Who was now able to join military service in 107 BC?	all citizens	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nIn process known as the Marian reforms, Roman consul Gaius Marius carried out a programme of reform of the Roman military. In 107 BC, all citizens, regardless of their wealth or social class, were made eligible for entry into the Roman army. This move formalised and concluded a gradual process th...
5730382aa23a5019007fcfaa	Where would legionaries in the Roman army likely to be sourced from?	citizen stock	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nIn process known as the Marian reforms, Roman consul Gaius Marius carried out a programme of reform of the Roman military. In 107 BC, all citizens, regardless of their wealth or social class, were made eligible for entry into the Roman army. This move formalised and concluded a gradual process th...
5730382aa23a5019007fcfab	Who would likely make up the majority of the Roman army's light infantry?	non-citizens	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nIn process known as the Marian reforms, Roman consul Gaius Marius carried out a programme of reform of the Roman military. In 107 BC, all citizens, regardless of their wealth or social class, were made eligible for entry into the Roman army. This move formalised and concluded a gradual process th...
5730382aa23a5019007fcfac	Which consul was responsible for the reforms that allowed all citizens access to join the Roman army?	Gaius Marius	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nIn process known as the Marian reforms, Roman consul Gaius Marius carried out a programme of reform of the Roman military. In 107 BC, all citizens, regardless of their wealth or social class, were made eligible for entry into the Roman army. This move formalised and concluded a gradual process th...
5730382aa23a5019007fcfad	What was the process that removed the property requirement for the Roman military called?	Marian reforms	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nIn process known as the Marian reforms, Roman consul Gaius Marius carried out a programme of reform of the Roman military. In 107 BC, all citizens, regardless of their wealth or social class, were made eligible for entry into the Roman army. This move formalised and concluded a gradual process th...
573039c004bcaa1900d773c5	Around how many units could be expected to be contained within a cohort?	480 infantrymen	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nThe legions of the late Republic were, structurally, almost entirely heavy infantry. The legion's main sub-unit was called a cohort and consisted of approximately 480 infantrymen. The cohort was therefore a much larger unit than the earlier maniple sub-unit, and was divided into six centuries of ...
573039c004bcaa1900d773c6	How many troops were placed into each tent group?	8 men	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nThe legions of the late Republic were, structurally, almost entirely heavy infantry. The legion's main sub-unit was called a cohort and consisted of approximately 480 infantrymen. The cohort was therefore a much larger unit than the earlier maniple sub-unit, and was divided into six centuries of ...
573039c004bcaa1900d773c7	Who would now be used as scouts instead of fighting alongside the army in the battlefield?	cavalry troops	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nThe legions of the late Republic were, structurally, almost entirely heavy infantry. The legion's main sub-unit was called a cohort and consisted of approximately 480 infantrymen. The cohort was therefore a much larger unit than the earlier maniple sub-unit, and was divided into six centuries of ...
573039c004bcaa1900d773c8	What designation of troops was considered to make up the majority of a legion?	cohort	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nThe legions of the late Republic were, structurally, almost entirely heavy infantry. The legion's main sub-unit was called a cohort and consisted of approximately 480 infantrymen. The cohort was therefore a much larger unit than the earlier maniple sub-unit, and was divided into six centuries of ...
57303b58947a6a140053d2e0	In which sea was a large amount of naval vessels sent in order to remove Cilician pirates?	Mediterranean Sea	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nAfter having declined in size following the subjugation of the Mediterranean, the Roman navy underwent short-term upgrading and revitalisation in the late Republic to meet several new demands. Under Caesar, an invasion fleet was assembled in the English Channel to allow the invasion of Britannia;...
57303b58947a6a140053d2e1	Around how many ships were sent into service from Greek cities?	as many as a thousand ships	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nAfter having declined in size following the subjugation of the Mediterranean, the Roman navy underwent short-term upgrading and revitalisation in the late Republic to meet several new demands. Under Caesar, an invasion fleet was assembled in the English Channel to allow the invasion of Britannia;...
57303b58947a6a140053d2e2	Who was ultimately responsible for the naval ships that were sent to the English Channel?	Caesar	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nAfter having declined in size following the subjugation of the Mediterranean, the Roman navy underwent short-term upgrading and revitalisation in the late Republic to meet several new demands. Under Caesar, an invasion fleet was assembled in the English Channel to allow the invasion of Britannia;...
57303b58947a6a140053d2e3	What was the driving force behind the revitalization of the Roman naval forces?	to meet several new demands	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nAfter having declined in size following the subjugation of the Mediterranean, the Roman navy underwent short-term upgrading and revitalisation in the late Republic to meet several new demands. Under Caesar, an invasion fleet was assembled in the English Channel to allow the invasion of Britannia;...
57303b58947a6a140053d2e4	What aspect of the Roman military saw a decline in size after the subjugation of the Mediterranean?	Roman navy	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nAfter having declined in size following the subjugation of the Mediterranean, the Roman navy underwent short-term upgrading and revitalisation in the late Republic to meet several new demands. Under Caesar, an invasion fleet was assembled in the English Channel to allow the invasion of Britannia;...
57303d0fb2c2fd1400568ab1	What was the general source of the Roman senate's authority?	the esteem and prestige of the senators	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nThe senate's ultimate authority derived from the esteem and prestige of the senators. This esteem and prestige was based on both precedent and custom, as well as the caliber and reputation of the senators. The senate passed decrees, which were called senatus consulta. These were officially \"advi...
57303d0fb2c2fd1400568ab2	Who was responsible for overseeing a military action?	the senate	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nThe senate's ultimate authority derived from the esteem and prestige of the senators. This esteem and prestige was based on both precedent and custom, as well as the caliber and reputation of the senators. The senate passed decrees, which were called senatus consulta. These were officially \"advi...
57303d0fb2c2fd1400568ab3	What was a motion that was enacted by the senate called?	senatus consulta	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nThe senate's ultimate authority derived from the esteem and prestige of the senators. This esteem and prestige was based on both precedent and custom, as well as the caliber and reputation of the senators. The senate passed decrees, which were called senatus consulta. These were officially \"advi...
57303d0fb2c2fd1400568ab4	What area was the likely focal point of the Roman senate?	foreign policy	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nThe senate's ultimate authority derived from the esteem and prestige of the senators. This esteem and prestige was based on both precedent and custom, as well as the caliber and reputation of the senators. The senate passed decrees, which were called senatus consulta. These were officially \"advi...
57303d0fb2c2fd1400568ab5	What governing Roman body would self-select their own members during times of great distress?	the senate itself would select its members	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nThe senate's ultimate authority derived from the esteem and prestige of the senators. This esteem and prestige was based on both precedent and custom, as well as the caliber and reputation of the senators. The senate passed decrees, which were called senatus consulta. These were officially \"advi...
57303f17b2c2fd1400568adf	What was the main requirement of seeking a trial in the Roman courts?	legal status of Roman citizenship	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nThe legal status of Roman citizenship was limited and was a vital prerequisite to possessing many important legal rights such as the right to trial and appeal, to marry, to vote, to hold office, to enter binding contracts, and to special tax exemptions. An adult male citizen with the full complem...
57303f17b2c2fd1400568ae0	Who would be expected to oversee a capital case in the Roman courts?	assemblies	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nThe legal status of Roman citizenship was limited and was a vital prerequisite to possessing many important legal rights such as the right to trial and appeal, to marry, to vote, to hold office, to enter binding contracts, and to special tax exemptions. An adult male citizen with the full complem...
57303f17b2c2fd1400568ae1	Which designation of people made up the entirety of the members of a comitia?	optimo jure	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nThe legal status of Roman citizenship was limited and was a vital prerequisite to possessing many important legal rights such as the right to trial and appeal, to marry, to vote, to hold office, to enter binding contracts, and to special tax exemptions. An adult male citizen with the full complem...
57303f17b2c2fd1400568ae2	Who did the assemblies elected by the optimo jure elect?	magistrates	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nThe legal status of Roman citizenship was limited and was a vital prerequisite to possessing many important legal rights such as the right to trial and appeal, to marry, to vote, to hold office, to enter binding contracts, and to special tax exemptions. An adult male citizen with the full complem...
57303f17b2c2fd1400568ae3	What type of assembly could specific groupings of optimo jure be found in?	concilia	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nThe legal status of Roman citizenship was limited and was a vital prerequisite to possessing many important legal rights such as the right to trial and appeal, to marry, to vote, to hold office, to enter binding contracts, and to special tax exemptions. An adult male citizen with the full complem...
57304103b2c2fd1400568afb	What Roman assembly elected both magistrates and censors?	Comitia Centuriata	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nCitizens were organized on the basis of centuries and tribes, which would each gather into their own assemblies. The Comitia Centuriata (\"Centuriate Assembly\") was the assembly of the centuries (i.e. soldiers). The president of the Comitia Centuriata was usually a consul. The centuries would vo...
57304103b2c2fd1400568afc	What profession of people made up the entireity of the Comitia Centuriata?	centuries	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nCitizens were organized on the basis of centuries and tribes, which would each gather into their own assemblies. The Comitia Centuriata (\"Centuriate Assembly\") was the assembly of the centuries (i.e. soldiers). The president of the Comitia Centuriata was usually a consul. The centuries would vo...
57304103b2c2fd1400568afd	Would the Comitia Centuriata occasionally be called upon to serve as the highest court of appeal?	It also served as the highest court of appeal in certain judicial cases	[ "Roman_Republic\n\nCitizens were organized on the basis of centuries and tribes, which would each gather into their own assemblies. The Comitia Centuriata (\"Centuriate Assembly\") was the assembly of the centuries (i.e. soldiers). The president of the Comitia Centuriata was usually a consul. The centuries would vo...

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