Split (2)

train · 86.8k rows

id stringlengths 24 24	question stringlengths 1 270	answer stringlengths 1 239	documents listlengths 1 1
573035c8b2c2fd1400568a7d	What is the purpose of the Tijuana Cross-border Terminal?	give direct access to Tijuana International Airport	[ "San_Diego\n\nThe city's primary commercial airport is the San Diego International Airport (SAN), also known as Lindbergh Field. It is the busiest single-runway airport in the United States. It served over 17 million passengers in 2005, and is dealing with an increasingly larger number every year. It is located on ...
573035c8b2c2fd1400568a7e	How many passengers did San Diego Internatonal Airport serve in 2005?	17 million	[ "San_Diego\n\nThe city's primary commercial airport is the San Diego International Airport (SAN), also known as Lindbergh Field. It is the busiest single-runway airport in the United States. It served over 17 million passengers in 2005, and is dealing with an increasingly larger number every year. It is located on ...
573035c8b2c2fd1400568a7f	What two general aviation airports are operated by the San Diego Regional Airport Authority?	Montgomery Field (MYF) and Brown Field (SDM)	[ "San_Diego\n\nThe city's primary commercial airport is the San Diego International Airport (SAN), also known as Lindbergh Field. It is the busiest single-runway airport in the United States. It served over 17 million passengers in 2005, and is dealing with an increasingly larger number every year. It is located on ...
573036ea947a6a140053d2bc	What is the name given to the highly congested spot where Interstates 5 and 805 meet?	The Merge	[ "San_Diego\n\nNumerous regional transportation projects have occurred in recent years to mitigate congestion in San Diego. Notable efforts are improvements to San Diego freeways, expansion of San Diego Airport, and doubling the capacity of the cruise ship terminal of the port. Freeway projects included expansion of...
573036ea947a6a140053d2bd	What tollway connects Otay Mesa with SR 54?	The South Bay Expressway	[ "San_Diego\n\nNumerous regional transportation projects have occurred in recent years to mitigate congestion in San Diego. Notable efforts are improvements to San Diego freeways, expansion of San Diego Airport, and doubling the capacity of the cruise ship terminal of the port. Freeway projects included expansion of...
573036ea947a6a140053d2be	Which terminal was expanded in the San Diego International Airport in 2013?	Terminal 2	[ "San_Diego\n\nNumerous regional transportation projects have occurred in recent years to mitigate congestion in San Diego. Notable efforts are improvements to San Diego freeways, expansion of San Diego Airport, and doubling the capacity of the cruise ship terminal of the port. Freeway projects included expansion of...
573036ea947a6a140053d2bf	What type of special lanes were added to Interstate 15?	high-occupancy-vehicle (HOV) "managed lanes"	[ "San_Diego\n\nNumerous regional transportation projects have occurred in recent years to mitigate congestion in San Diego. Notable efforts are improvements to San Diego freeways, expansion of San Diego Airport, and doubling the capacity of the cruise ship terminal of the port. Freeway projects included expansion of...
573036ea947a6a140053d2c0	In 2007, what percentage of the roads in San Diego were considered acceptable?	37 percent	[ "San_Diego\n\nNumerous regional transportation projects have occurred in recent years to mitigate congestion in San Diego. Notable efforts are improvements to San Diego freeways, expansion of San Diego Airport, and doubling the capacity of the cruise ship terminal of the port. Freeway projects included expansion of...
572fe570947a6a140053cdc4	Islamic World is another way to refer to what?	Muslim world	[ "Muslim_world\n\nThe term Muslim world, also known as Islamic world and the Ummah (Arabic: أمة‎, meaning \"nation\" or \"community\") has different meanings. In a religious sense, the Islamic Ummah refers to those who adhere to the teachings of Islam, referred to as Muslims. In a cultural sense, the Muslim Ummah re...
572fe570947a6a140053cdc5	When speaking of religion, what does Ummah refer to?	those who adhere to the teachings of Islam	[ "Muslim_world\n\nThe term Muslim world, also known as Islamic world and the Ummah (Arabic: أمة‎, meaning \"nation\" or \"community\") has different meanings. In a religious sense, the Islamic Ummah refers to those who adhere to the teachings of Islam, referred to as Muslims. In a cultural sense, the Muslim Ummah re...
572fe570947a6a140053cdc6	When speaking about culture, what does Ummah refer to?	Islamic civilization	[ "Muslim_world\n\nThe term Muslim world, also known as Islamic world and the Ummah (Arabic: أمة‎, meaning \"nation\" or \"community\") has different meanings. In a religious sense, the Islamic Ummah refers to those who adhere to the teachings of Islam, referred to as Muslims. In a cultural sense, the Muslim Ummah re...
572fe570947a6a140053cdc7	Community, or Nation are direct translations of what word in reference to Islam?	Ummah	[ "Muslim_world\n\nThe term Muslim world, also known as Islamic world and the Ummah (Arabic: أمة‎, meaning \"nation\" or \"community\") has different meanings. In a religious sense, the Islamic Ummah refers to those who adhere to the teachings of Islam, referred to as Muslims. In a cultural sense, the Muslim Ummah re...
572fed4e04bcaa1900d76ecd	When did the Islamic Golden age start?	622	[ "Muslim_world\n\nThe Islamic Golden Age coincided with the Middle Ages in the Muslim world, starting with the rise of Islam and establishment of the first Islamic state in 622. The end of the age is variously given as 1258 with the Mongolian Sack of Baghdad, or 1492 with the completion of the Christian Reconquista ...
572fed4e04bcaa1900d76ece	What other age occurred at the same time as the Islamic Golden Age?	the Middle Ages	[ "Muslim_world\n\nThe Islamic Golden Age coincided with the Middle Ages in the Muslim world, starting with the rise of Islam and establishment of the first Islamic state in 622. The end of the age is variously given as 1258 with the Mongolian Sack of Baghdad, or 1492 with the completion of the Christian Reconquista ...
572fed4e04bcaa1900d76ecf	There what is the latest year for the end of the Islamic Golden Age?	1492	[ "Muslim_world\n\nThe Islamic Golden Age coincided with the Middle Ages in the Muslim world, starting with the rise of Islam and establishment of the first Islamic state in 622. The end of the age is variously given as 1258 with the Mongolian Sack of Baghdad, or 1492 with the completion of the Christian Reconquista ...
572fed4e04bcaa1900d76ed0	What years did Abbasid caliph Harun ar-Rashid reign?	786 to 809	[ "Muslim_world\n\nThe Islamic Golden Age coincided with the Middle Ages in the Muslim world, starting with the rise of Islam and establishment of the first Islamic state in 622. The end of the age is variously given as 1258 with the Mongolian Sack of Baghdad, or 1492 with the completion of the Christian Reconquista ...
572fed4e04bcaa1900d76ed1	Where was the House of Wisdom held?	Baghdad	[ "Muslim_world\n\nThe Islamic Golden Age coincided with the Middle Ages in the Muslim world, starting with the rise of Islam and establishment of the first Islamic state in 622. The end of the age is variously given as 1258 with the Mongolian Sack of Baghdad, or 1492 with the completion of the Christian Reconquista ...
572fedf6947a6a140053ce1a	What type of ceramic art was popular from the 8th to the 18th century in the art of Islam?	glazed ceramics	[ "Muslim_world\n\nBetween the 8th and 18th centuries, the use of glazed ceramics was prevalent in Islamic art, usually assuming the form of elaborate pottery. Tin-opacified glazing was one of the earliest new technologies developed by the Islamic potters. The first Islamic opaque glazes can be found as blue-painted ...
572fedf6947a6a140053ce1b	Which ceramic glazing was developed by those potters which were Islamic?	Tin-opacified glazing	[ "Muslim_world\n\nBetween the 8th and 18th centuries, the use of glazed ceramics was prevalent in Islamic art, usually assuming the form of elaborate pottery. Tin-opacified glazing was one of the earliest new technologies developed by the Islamic potters. The first Islamic opaque glazes can be found as blue-painted ...
572fedf6947a6a140053ce1c	Where would one find the earliest examples of opaque glazes in the Muslim world?	Basra	[ "Muslim_world\n\nBetween the 8th and 18th centuries, the use of glazed ceramics was prevalent in Islamic art, usually assuming the form of elaborate pottery. Tin-opacified glazing was one of the earliest new technologies developed by the Islamic potters. The first Islamic opaque glazes can be found as blue-painted ...
572fedf6947a6a140053ce1d	Around when were the first opaque glazes developed?	8th century	[ "Muslim_world\n\nBetween the 8th and 18th centuries, the use of glazed ceramics was prevalent in Islamic art, usually assuming the form of elaborate pottery. Tin-opacified glazing was one of the earliest new technologies developed by the Islamic potters. The first Islamic opaque glazes can be found as blue-painted ...
572fedf6947a6a140053ce1e	Where were stone-paste ceramics invented?	9th century Iraq	[ "Muslim_world\n\nBetween the 8th and 18th centuries, the use of glazed ceramics was prevalent in Islamic art, usually assuming the form of elaborate pottery. Tin-opacified glazing was one of the earliest new technologies developed by the Islamic potters. The first Islamic opaque glazes can be found as blue-painted ...
572feebca23a5019007fcb6d	What is the most widely known fictional work from the Islamic world?	One Thousand and One Nights	[ "Muslim_world\n\nThe best known work of fiction from the Islamic world is One Thousand and One Nights (In Persian: hezār-o-yek šab > Arabic: ʔalf-layl-at-wa-l’-layla= One thousand Night and (one) Night) or *Arabian Nights, a name invented by early Western translators, which is a compilation of folk tales from Sansk...
572feebca23a5019007fcb6e	Arabian nights was originally based upon what Persian work?	Hezār Afsān (Thousand Fables)	[ "Muslim_world\n\nThe best known work of fiction from the Islamic world is One Thousand and One Nights (In Persian: hezār-o-yek šab > Arabic: ʔalf-layl-at-wa-l’-layla= One thousand Night and (one) Night) or *Arabian Nights, a name invented by early Western translators, which is a compilation of folk tales from Sansk...
572feebca23a5019007fcb6f	In what century was One Thousand and One Nights completed?	14th century	[ "Muslim_world\n\nThe best known work of fiction from the Islamic world is One Thousand and One Nights (In Persian: hezār-o-yek šab > Arabic: ʔalf-layl-at-wa-l’-layla= One thousand Night and (one) Night) or *Arabian Nights, a name invented by early Western translators, which is a compilation of folk tales from Sansk...
572feebca23a5019007fcb70	When did One Thousand and One Nights first get translated in the West?	18th century	[ "Muslim_world\n\nThe best known work of fiction from the Islamic world is One Thousand and One Nights (In Persian: hezār-o-yek šab > Arabic: ʔalf-layl-at-wa-l’-layla= One thousand Night and (one) Night) or *Arabian Nights, a name invented by early Western translators, which is a compilation of folk tales from Sansk...
572feebca23a5019007fcb71	Who was the first westerner to translate One Thousand and One Nights?	Antoine Galland	[ "Muslim_world\n\nThe best known work of fiction from the Islamic world is One Thousand and One Nights (In Persian: hezār-o-yek šab > Arabic: ʔalf-layl-at-wa-l’-layla= One thousand Night and (one) Night) or *Arabian Nights, a name invented by early Western translators, which is a compilation of folk tales from Sansk...
572fef5e947a6a140053ce24	Layla and Majnun is an example of what kind of poetry?	Arabic poetry and Persian poetry	[ "Muslim_world\n\nA famous example of Arabic poetry and Persian poetry on romance (love) is Layla and Majnun, dating back to the Umayyad era in the 7th century. It is a tragic story of undying love much like the later Romeo and Juliet, which was itself said to have been inspired by a Latin version of Layla and Majnu...
572fef5e947a6a140053ce25	Which era is Layla and Majnun from?	Umayyad era	[ "Muslim_world\n\nA famous example of Arabic poetry and Persian poetry on romance (love) is Layla and Majnun, dating back to the Umayyad era in the 7th century. It is a tragic story of undying love much like the later Romeo and Juliet, which was itself said to have been inspired by a Latin version of Layla and Majnu...
572fef5e947a6a140053ce26	In what century does Layla and Majnun originate?	7th century	[ "Muslim_world\n\nA famous example of Arabic poetry and Persian poetry on romance (love) is Layla and Majnun, dating back to the Umayyad era in the 7th century. It is a tragic story of undying love much like the later Romeo and Juliet, which was itself said to have been inspired by a Latin version of Layla and Majnu...
572fef5e947a6a140053ce27	What kind of story is told in Shahnameh?	a mythical and heroic retelling of Persian history	[ "Muslim_world\n\nA famous example of Arabic poetry and Persian poetry on romance (love) is Layla and Majnun, dating back to the Umayyad era in the 7th century. It is a tragic story of undying love much like the later Romeo and Juliet, which was itself said to have been inspired by a Latin version of Layla and Majnu...
572fef5e947a6a140053ce28	Who wrote Shahnameh?	Ferdowsi	[ "Muslim_world\n\nA famous example of Arabic poetry and Persian poetry on romance (love) is Layla and Majnun, dating back to the Umayyad era in the 7th century. It is a tragic story of undying love much like the later Romeo and Juliet, which was itself said to have been inspired by a Latin version of Layla and Majnu...
572ff02b04bcaa1900d76eeb	What is another name for Ibn Tufail?	Abubacer	[ "Muslim_world\n\nIbn Tufail (Abubacer) and Ibn al-Nafis were pioneers of the philosophical novel. Ibn Tufail wrote the first Arabic novel Hayy ibn Yaqdhan (Philosophus Autodidactus) as a response to Al-Ghazali's The Incoherence of the Philosophers, and then Ibn al-Nafis also wrote a novel Theologus Autodidactus as ...
572ff02b04bcaa1900d76eec	What Arabic book is Ibn Tufail noted for writing?	Hayy ibn Yaqdhan (Philosophus Autodidactus)	[ "Muslim_world\n\nIbn Tufail (Abubacer) and Ibn al-Nafis were pioneers of the philosophical novel. Ibn Tufail wrote the first Arabic novel Hayy ibn Yaqdhan (Philosophus Autodidactus) as a response to Al-Ghazali's The Incoherence of the Philosophers, and then Ibn al-Nafis also wrote a novel Theologus Autodidactus as ...
572ff02b04bcaa1900d76eed	Who wrote Theologus Autodidactus?	Ibn al-Nafis	[ "Muslim_world\n\nIbn Tufail (Abubacer) and Ibn al-Nafis were pioneers of the philosophical novel. Ibn Tufail wrote the first Arabic novel Hayy ibn Yaqdhan (Philosophus Autodidactus) as a response to Al-Ghazali's The Incoherence of the Philosophers, and then Ibn al-Nafis also wrote a novel Theologus Autodidactus as ...
572ff02b04bcaa1900d76eee	What person wrote The Incoherence of the Philosophers?	Al-Ghazali	[ "Muslim_world\n\nIbn Tufail (Abubacer) and Ibn al-Nafis were pioneers of the philosophical novel. Ibn Tufail wrote the first Arabic novel Hayy ibn Yaqdhan (Philosophus Autodidactus) as a response to Al-Ghazali's The Incoherence of the Philosophers, and then Ibn al-Nafis also wrote a novel Theologus Autodidactus as ...
572ff02b04bcaa1900d76eef	Who was the main chracter of Philosophus Autodidactus?	Hayy	[ "Muslim_world\n\nIbn Tufail (Abubacer) and Ibn al-Nafis were pioneers of the philosophical novel. Ibn Tufail wrote the first Arabic novel Hayy ibn Yaqdhan (Philosophus Autodidactus) as a response to Al-Ghazali's The Incoherence of the Philosophers, and then Ibn al-Nafis also wrote a novel Theologus Autodidactus as ...
572ff126947a6a140053ce40	What was the life span of Ibn al-Nafis?	1213–1288	[ "Muslim_world\n\nTheologus Autodidactus, written by the Arabian polymath Ibn al-Nafis (1213–1288), is the first example of a science fiction novel. It deals with various science fiction elements such as spontaneous generation, futurology, the end of the world and doomsday, resurrection, and the afterlife. Rather th...
572ff126947a6a140053ce41	What type of book is Theologus Autodidactus the first type of?	science fiction	[ "Muslim_world\n\nTheologus Autodidactus, written by the Arabian polymath Ibn al-Nafis (1213–1288), is the first example of a science fiction novel. It deals with various science fiction elements such as spontaneous generation, futurology, the end of the world and doomsday, resurrection, and the afterlife. Rather th...
572ff126947a6a140053ce42	What did Ibn al-Nafis use to explain the events in Theologus Autodidactus?	scientific knowledge	[ "Muslim_world\n\nTheologus Autodidactus, written by the Arabian polymath Ibn al-Nafis (1213–1288), is the first example of a science fiction novel. It deals with various science fiction elements such as spontaneous generation, futurology, the end of the world and doomsday, resurrection, and the afterlife. Rather th...
572ff1df947a6a140053ce48	Which year did a translation of Philosophus Autodidactus in Latin come to be?	1671	[ "Muslim_world\n\nA Latin translation of Ibn Tufail's work, Philosophus Autodidactus, first appeared in 1671, prepared by Edward Pococke the Younger, followed by an English translation by Simon Ockley in 1708, as well as German and Dutch translations. These translations might have later inspired Daniel Defoe to writ...
572ff1df947a6a140053ce49	Who first translated Philosophus Autodidactus into latin?	Edward Pococke the Younger	[ "Muslim_world\n\nA Latin translation of Ibn Tufail's work, Philosophus Autodidactus, first appeared in 1671, prepared by Edward Pococke the Younger, followed by an English translation by Simon Ockley in 1708, as well as German and Dutch translations. These translations might have later inspired Daniel Defoe to writ...
572ff1df947a6a140053ce4a	Simon Ockley translated Philosophus Autodidactus into English, in what year did he do that?	1708	[ "Muslim_world\n\nA Latin translation of Ibn Tufail's work, Philosophus Autodidactus, first appeared in 1671, prepared by Edward Pococke the Younger, followed by an English translation by Simon Ockley in 1708, as well as German and Dutch translations. These translations might have later inspired Daniel Defoe to writ...
572ff1df947a6a140053ce4b	Who wrote Robinson Crusoe?	Daniel Defoe	[ "Muslim_world\n\nA Latin translation of Ibn Tufail's work, Philosophus Autodidactus, first appeared in 1671, prepared by Edward Pococke the Younger, followed by an English translation by Simon Ockley in 1708, as well as German and Dutch translations. These translations might have later inspired Daniel Defoe to writ...
572ff1df947a6a140053ce4c	What book is Robert Boyle believe to have written after being inspired by Philosophus Autodidactus?	The Aspiring Naturalist	[ "Muslim_world\n\nA Latin translation of Ibn Tufail's work, Philosophus Autodidactus, first appeared in 1671, prepared by Edward Pococke the Younger, followed by an English translation by Simon Ockley in 1708, as well as German and Dutch translations. These translations might have later inspired Daniel Defoe to writ...
572ff2f6947a6a140053ce5c	In what year was Kitab al-Miraj likely translated into Latin?	in 1264 or shortly before	[ "Muslim_world\n\nDante Alighieri's Divine Comedy, derived features of and episodes about Bolgia from Arabic works on Islamic eschatology: the Hadith and the Kitab al-Miraj (translated into Latin in 1264 or shortly before as Liber Scale Machometi) concerning the ascension to Heaven of Muhammad, and the spiritual wri...
572ff2f6947a6a140053ce5d	Who wrote the Divine Comedy?	Dante Alighieri	[ "Muslim_world\n\nDante Alighieri's Divine Comedy, derived features of and episodes about Bolgia from Arabic works on Islamic eschatology: the Hadith and the Kitab al-Miraj (translated into Latin in 1264 or shortly before as Liber Scale Machometi) concerning the ascension to Heaven of Muhammad, and the spiritual wri...
572ff2f6947a6a140053ce5e	Which works by Shakespeare is believed to be inspired by The Moors?	Merchant of Venice, Titus Andronicus and Othello	[ "Muslim_world\n\nDante Alighieri's Divine Comedy, derived features of and episodes about Bolgia from Arabic works on Islamic eschatology: the Hadith and the Kitab al-Miraj (translated into Latin in 1264 or shortly before as Liber Scale Machometi) concerning the ascension to Heaven of Muhammad, and the spiritual wri...
572ff2f6947a6a140053ce5f	In what century is it believed that delegations of Moors began to influence western works by the likes of Shakespeare?	17th century	[ "Muslim_world\n\nDante Alighieri's Divine Comedy, derived features of and episodes about Bolgia from Arabic works on Islamic eschatology: the Hadith and the Kitab al-Miraj (translated into Latin in 1264 or shortly before as Liber Scale Machometi) concerning the ascension to Heaven of Muhammad, and the spiritual wri...
572ff2f6947a6a140053ce60	What aspects from Islamic works did the Divine Comedy feature?	episodes about Bolgia from Arabic works on Islamic eschatology	[ "Muslim_world\n\nDante Alighieri's Divine Comedy, derived features of and episodes about Bolgia from Arabic works on Islamic eschatology: the Hadith and the Kitab al-Miraj (translated into Latin in 1264 or shortly before as Liber Scale Machometi) concerning the ascension to Heaven of Muhammad, and the spiritual wri...
572ff38604bcaa1900d76f19	What was the life span of Ibn Sina?	980–1037	[ "Muslim_world\n\nOne of the common definitions for \"Islamic philosophy\" is \"the style of philosophy produced within the framework of Islamic culture.\" Islamic philosophy, in this definition is neither necessarily concerned with religious issues, nor is exclusively produced by Muslims. The Persian scholar Ibn Si...
572ff38604bcaa1900d76f1a	How many books were said to have been written by Ibn Sina?	450	[ "Muslim_world\n\nOne of the common definitions for \"Islamic philosophy\" is \"the style of philosophy produced within the framework of Islamic culture.\" Islamic philosophy, in this definition is neither necessarily concerned with religious issues, nor is exclusively produced by Muslims. The Persian scholar Ibn Si...
572ff38604bcaa1900d76f1b	What subjects did Ibn Sina mainly write about?	philosophy and medicine	[ "Muslim_world\n\nOne of the common definitions for \"Islamic philosophy\" is \"the style of philosophy produced within the framework of Islamic culture.\" Islamic philosophy, in this definition is neither necessarily concerned with religious issues, nor is exclusively produced by Muslims. The Persian scholar Ibn Si...
572ff38604bcaa1900d76f1c	What medical book is Ibn Sina most noted for in European universities?	The Canon of Medicine	[ "Muslim_world\n\nOne of the common definitions for \"Islamic philosophy\" is \"the style of philosophy produced within the framework of Islamic culture.\" Islamic philosophy, in this definition is neither necessarily concerned with religious issues, nor is exclusively produced by Muslims. The Persian scholar Ibn Si...
572ff38604bcaa1900d76f1d	What philosophical encyclopedia is Ibn Sina known for writing?	The Book of Healing	[ "Muslim_world\n\nOne of the common definitions for \"Islamic philosophy\" is \"the style of philosophy produced within the framework of Islamic culture.\" Islamic philosophy, in this definition is neither necessarily concerned with religious issues, nor is exclusively produced by Muslims. The Persian scholar Ibn Si...
572ff8b5b2c2fd1400568693	Which philosopher from the Muslim world influenced modern philosophy?	Ibn Tufail	[ "Muslim_world\n\nYet another influential philosopher who had an influence on modern philosophy was Ibn Tufail. His philosophical novel, Hayy ibn Yaqdha, translated into Latin as Philosophus Autodidactus in 1671, developed the themes of empiricism, tabula rasa, nature versus nurture, condition of possibility, materi...
572ff8b5b2c2fd1400568694	Who wrote Hayy ibn Yaqdha?	Ibn Tufail	[ "Muslim_world\n\nYet another influential philosopher who had an influence on modern philosophy was Ibn Tufail. His philosophical novel, Hayy ibn Yaqdha, translated into Latin as Philosophus Autodidactus in 1671, developed the themes of empiricism, tabula rasa, nature versus nurture, condition of possibility, materi...
572ff8b5b2c2fd1400568695	In what year was Hayy ibn Yaqdha translated to the Latin language?	1671	[ "Muslim_world\n\nYet another influential philosopher who had an influence on modern philosophy was Ibn Tufail. His philosophical novel, Hayy ibn Yaqdha, translated into Latin as Philosophus Autodidactus in 1671, developed the themes of empiricism, tabula rasa, nature versus nurture, condition of possibility, materi...
572ff8b5b2c2fd1400568696	What kind of book is Hayy ibn Yaqdha?	philosophical novel	[ "Muslim_world\n\nYet another influential philosopher who had an influence on modern philosophy was Ibn Tufail. His philosophical novel, Hayy ibn Yaqdha, translated into Latin as Philosophus Autodidactus in 1671, developed the themes of empiricism, tabula rasa, nature versus nurture, condition of possibility, materi...
572ff982b2c2fd14005686a3	Which philosopher of the Muslim world is considered an important author of work on evolution?	al-Jahiz	[ "Muslim_world\n\nOther influential Muslim philosophers include al-Jahiz, a pioneer in evolutionary thought; Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen), a pioneer of phenomenology and the philosophy of science and a critic of Aristotelian natural philosophy and Aristotle's concept of place (topos); Al-Biruni, a critic of Aristotelian...
572ff982b2c2fd14005686a4	Ibn al-Haytham can be known by another name, what is it?	Alhazen	[ "Muslim_world\n\nOther influential Muslim philosophers include al-Jahiz, a pioneer in evolutionary thought; Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen), a pioneer of phenomenology and the philosophy of science and a critic of Aristotelian natural philosophy and Aristotle's concept of place (topos); Al-Biruni, a critic of Aristotelian...
572ff982b2c2fd14005686a5	What type of work is Ibn al-Haytham known to have pioneered?	phenomenology and the philosophy of science	[ "Muslim_world\n\nOther influential Muslim philosophers include al-Jahiz, a pioneer in evolutionary thought; Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen), a pioneer of phenomenology and the philosophy of science and a critic of Aristotelian natural philosophy and Aristotle's concept of place (topos); Al-Biruni, a critic of Aristotelian...
572ff982b2c2fd14005686a6	Who is considered to have been the one that founded Illuminationist philosophy?	Shahab al-Din Suhrawardi	[ "Muslim_world\n\nOther influential Muslim philosophers include al-Jahiz, a pioneer in evolutionary thought; Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen), a pioneer of phenomenology and the philosophy of science and a critic of Aristotelian natural philosophy and Aristotle's concept of place (topos); Al-Biruni, a critic of Aristotelian...
572ff982b2c2fd14005686a7	Which philosopher in the Muslim world championed inductive logic in their works?	Fakhr al-Din al-Razi	[ "Muslim_world\n\nOther influential Muslim philosophers include al-Jahiz, a pioneer in evolutionary thought; Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen), a pioneer of phenomenology and the philosophy of science and a critic of Aristotelian natural philosophy and Aristotle's concept of place (topos); Al-Biruni, a critic of Aristotelian...
572ffa8cb2c2fd14005686ad	Ibn al-Haytham experimented with what around the year 1000?	optics	[ "Muslim_world\n\nMuslim scientists contributed to advances in the sciences. They placed far greater emphasis on experiment than had the Greeks. This led to an early scientific method being developed in the Muslim world, where progress in methodology was made, beginning with the experiments of Ibn al-Haytham (Alhaze...
572ffa8cb2c2fd14005686ae	Ibn al-Haytham wrote about his work around the year 1000, what was it?	Book of Optics	[ "Muslim_world\n\nMuslim scientists contributed to advances in the sciences. They placed far greater emphasis on experiment than had the Greeks. This led to an early scientific method being developed in the Muslim world, where progress in methodology was made, beginning with the experiments of Ibn al-Haytham (Alhaze...
572ffa8cb2c2fd14005686af	Regarding the intromission theory of light, who showed the first proof?	Ibn al-Haytham	[ "Muslim_world\n\nMuslim scientists contributed to advances in the sciences. They placed far greater emphasis on experiment than had the Greeks. This led to an early scientific method being developed in the Muslim world, where progress in methodology was made, beginning with the experiments of Ibn al-Haytham (Alhaze...
572ffa8cb2c2fd14005686b0	Which Muslim scientist worked on trigonometry?	al-Khwarzimi	[ "Muslim_world\n\nMuslim scientists contributed to advances in the sciences. They placed far greater emphasis on experiment than had the Greeks. This led to an early scientific method being developed in the Muslim world, where progress in methodology was made, beginning with the experiments of Ibn al-Haytham (Alhaze...
572ffa8cb2c2fd14005686b1	Who is believed to have discovered decagonal quasicrystal geometry?	Medieval Muslim artists	[ "Muslim_world\n\nMuslim scientists contributed to advances in the sciences. They placed far greater emphasis on experiment than had the Greeks. This led to an early scientific method being developed in the Muslim world, where progress in methodology was made, beginning with the experiments of Ibn al-Haytham (Alhaze...
572ffb3ea23a5019007fcc01	What work is Mansur ibn Muhammad ibn al-Faqih Ilyas known for writing?	Tashrih al-badan (Anatomy of the body)	[ "Muslim_world\n\nMuslim physicians contributed to the field of medicine, including the subjects of anatomy and physiology: such as in the 15th century Persian work by Mansur ibn Muhammad ibn al-Faqih Ilyas entitled Tashrih al-badan (Anatomy of the body) which contained comprehensive diagrams of the body's structura...
572ffb3ea23a5019007fcc02	In what century did Tashrih al-badan come into being?	15th century	[ "Muslim_world\n\nMuslim physicians contributed to the field of medicine, including the subjects of anatomy and physiology: such as in the 15th century Persian work by Mansur ibn Muhammad ibn al-Faqih Ilyas entitled Tashrih al-badan (Anatomy of the body) which contained comprehensive diagrams of the body's structura...
572ffb3ea23a5019007fcc03	Who theorized about pulmonary circulation?	Ibn al-Nafis	[ "Muslim_world\n\nMuslim physicians contributed to the field of medicine, including the subjects of anatomy and physiology: such as in the 15th century Persian work by Mansur ibn Muhammad ibn al-Faqih Ilyas entitled Tashrih al-badan (Anatomy of the body) which contained comprehensive diagrams of the body's structura...
572ffb3ea23a5019007fcc04	Who wrote The Canon of Medicine?	Avicenna	[ "Muslim_world\n\nMuslim physicians contributed to the field of medicine, including the subjects of anatomy and physiology: such as in the 15th century Persian work by Mansur ibn Muhammad ibn al-Faqih Ilyas entitled Tashrih al-badan (Anatomy of the body) which contained comprehensive diagrams of the body's structura...
572ffb3ea23a5019007fcc05	Who wrote Kitab al-Tasrif?	Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi	[ "Muslim_world\n\nMuslim physicians contributed to the field of medicine, including the subjects of anatomy and physiology: such as in the 15th century Persian work by Mansur ibn Muhammad ibn al-Faqih Ilyas entitled Tashrih al-badan (Anatomy of the body) which contained comprehensive diagrams of the body's structura...
572ffdb7947a6a140053cf00	What field did Muḥammad ibn Jābir al-Ḥarrānī al-Battānī contribute to?	astronomy	[ "Muslim_world\n\nIn astronomy, Muḥammad ibn Jābir al-Ḥarrānī al-Battānī improved the precision of the measurement of the precession of the Earth's axis. The corrections made to the geocentric model by al-Battani, Averroes, Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, Mu'ayyad al-Din al-'Urdi and Ibn al-Shatir were later incorporated into...
572ffdb7947a6a140053cf01	What work is Muḥammad ibn Jābir al-Ḥarrānī al-Battānī known for as it regards to earth?	improved the precision of the measurement of the precession of the Earth's axis	[ "Muslim_world\n\nIn astronomy, Muḥammad ibn Jābir al-Ḥarrānī al-Battānī improved the precision of the measurement of the precession of the Earth's axis. The corrections made to the geocentric model by al-Battani, Averroes, Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, Mu'ayyad al-Din al-'Urdi and Ibn al-Shatir were later incorporated into...
572ffdb7947a6a140053cf02	What model did the work of Muslim World astronomers contribute to?	the Copernican heliocentric model	[ "Muslim_world\n\nIn astronomy, Muḥammad ibn Jābir al-Ḥarrānī al-Battānī improved the precision of the measurement of the precession of the Earth's axis. The corrections made to the geocentric model by al-Battani, Averroes, Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, Mu'ayyad al-Din al-'Urdi and Ibn al-Shatir were later incorporated into...
572ffdb7947a6a140053cf03	Who created the astrolabe?	the Greeks	[ "Muslim_world\n\nIn astronomy, Muḥammad ibn Jābir al-Ḥarrānī al-Battānī improved the precision of the measurement of the precession of the Earth's axis. The corrections made to the geocentric model by al-Battani, Averroes, Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, Mu'ayyad al-Din al-'Urdi and Ibn al-Shatir were later incorporated into...
572ffdb7947a6a140053cf04	Who is said to have mastered the astrolabe?	Islamic astronomers and engineers	[ "Muslim_world\n\nIn astronomy, Muḥammad ibn Jābir al-Ḥarrānī al-Battānī improved the precision of the measurement of the precession of the Earth's axis. The corrections made to the geocentric model by al-Battani, Averroes, Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, Mu'ayyad al-Din al-'Urdi and Ibn al-Shatir were later incorporated into...
572ffe9ea23a5019007fcc1f	What was the windmill used for?	irrigation and farming	[ "Muslim_world\n\nAdvances were made in irrigation and farming, using new technology such as the windmill. Crops such as almonds and citrus fruit were brought to Europe through al-Andalus, and sugar cultivation was gradually adopted by the Europeans. Arab merchants dominated trade in the Indian Ocean until the arriv...
572ffe9ea23a5019007fcc20	which crops were brought to europe from the Muslim World?	almonds and citrus fruit	[ "Muslim_world\n\nAdvances were made in irrigation and farming, using new technology such as the windmill. Crops such as almonds and citrus fruit were brought to Europe through al-Andalus, and sugar cultivation was gradually adopted by the Europeans. Arab merchants dominated trade in the Indian Ocean until the arriv...
572ffe9ea23a5019007fcc21	Trading in the Indian ocean was mainly controlled by whom?	Arab merchants	[ "Muslim_world\n\nAdvances were made in irrigation and farming, using new technology such as the windmill. Crops such as almonds and citrus fruit were brought to Europe through al-Andalus, and sugar cultivation was gradually adopted by the Europeans. Arab merchants dominated trade in the Indian Ocean until the arriv...
572ffe9ea23a5019007fcc22	When did the Portuguese arrive in the Indian Ocean?	16th century	[ "Muslim_world\n\nAdvances were made in irrigation and farming, using new technology such as the windmill. Crops such as almonds and citrus fruit were brought to Europe through al-Andalus, and sugar cultivation was gradually adopted by the Europeans. Arab merchants dominated trade in the Indian Ocean until the arriv...
572ffe9ea23a5019007fcc23	Where was an important center of Indian Ocean trading in the 16th century?	Hormuz	[ "Muslim_world\n\nAdvances were made in irrigation and farming, using new technology such as the windmill. Crops such as almonds and citrus fruit were brought to Europe through al-Andalus, and sugar cultivation was gradually adopted by the Europeans. Arab merchants dominated trade in the Indian Ocean until the arriv...
572fff4404bcaa1900d76fe5	How early did people in the Muslim World start using watermills?	7th century	[ "Muslim_world\n\nMuslim engineers in the Islamic world made a number of innovative industrial uses of hydropower, and early industrial uses of tidal power and wind power, fossil fuels such as petroleum, and early large factory complexes (tiraz in Arabic). The industrial uses of watermills in the Islamic world date ...
572fff4404bcaa1900d76fe6	At what point was the use of watermills common in the Muslim World?	9th century	[ "Muslim_world\n\nMuslim engineers in the Islamic world made a number of innovative industrial uses of hydropower, and early industrial uses of tidal power and wind power, fossil fuels such as petroleum, and early large factory complexes (tiraz in Arabic). The industrial uses of watermills in the Islamic world date ...
572fff4404bcaa1900d76fe7	In what century had mills such as gristmills and sawmills dominate the Islamic world?	11th century	[ "Muslim_world\n\nMuslim engineers in the Islamic world made a number of innovative industrial uses of hydropower, and early industrial uses of tidal power and wind power, fossil fuels such as petroleum, and early large factory complexes (tiraz in Arabic). The industrial uses of watermills in the Islamic world date ...
572fff4404bcaa1900d76fe8	Who invented crankshafts?	Muslim engineers	[ "Muslim_world\n\nMuslim engineers in the Islamic world made a number of innovative industrial uses of hydropower, and early industrial uses of tidal power and wind power, fossil fuels such as petroleum, and early large factory complexes (tiraz in Arabic). The industrial uses of watermills in the Islamic world date ...
572fff4404bcaa1900d76fe9	Who was the inventor of water turbines?	Muslim engineers	[ "Muslim_world\n\nMuslim engineers in the Islamic world made a number of innovative industrial uses of hydropower, and early industrial uses of tidal power and wind power, fossil fuels such as petroleum, and early large factory complexes (tiraz in Arabic). The industrial uses of watermills in the Islamic world date ...
572fffab947a6a140053cf30	What percentage of the humans in the world are considered Muslim?	20%	[ "Muslim_world\n\nMore than 20% of the world's population is Muslim. Current estimates conclude that the number of Muslims in the world is around 1,5 billion. Muslims are the majority in 49 countries, they speak hundreds of languages and come from diverse ethnic backgrounds. Major languages spoken by Muslims include...
572fffab947a6a140053cf31	How many Muslims are believed to live on earth?	1,5 billion	[ "Muslim_world\n\nMore than 20% of the world's population is Muslim. Current estimates conclude that the number of Muslims in the world is around 1,5 billion. Muslims are the majority in 49 countries, they speak hundreds of languages and come from diverse ethnic backgrounds. Major languages spoken by Muslims include...
572fffab947a6a140053cf32	In how many nations are Muslims in the majority of people?	49	[ "Muslim_world\n\nMore than 20% of the world's population is Muslim. Current estimates conclude that the number of Muslims in the world is around 1,5 billion. Muslims are the majority in 49 countries, they speak hundreds of languages and come from diverse ethnic backgrounds. Major languages spoken by Muslims include...
572fffab947a6a140053cf33	How many languages are spoken by Muslims?	hundreds	[ "Muslim_world\n\nMore than 20% of the world's population is Muslim. Current estimates conclude that the number of Muslims in the world is around 1,5 billion. Muslims are the majority in 49 countries, they speak hundreds of languages and come from diverse ethnic backgrounds. Major languages spoken by Muslims include...
57300079b2c2fd140056870d	Which Muslim denominations are the most dominant?	Sunni and Shia	[ "Muslim_world\n\nThe two main denominations of Islam are the Sunni and Shia sects. They differ primarily upon of how the life of the ummah (\"faithful\") should be governed, and the role of the imam. These two main differences stem from the understanding of which hadith are to interpret the Quran. Sunnis believe th...
57300079b2c2fd140056870e	What are the two main things differentiating Sunni and Shia?	how the life of the ummah ("faithful") should be governed, and the role of the imam	[ "Muslim_world\n\nThe two main denominations of Islam are the Sunni and Shia sects. They differ primarily upon of how the life of the ummah (\"faithful\") should be governed, and the role of the imam. These two main differences stem from the understanding of which hadith are to interpret the Quran. Sunnis believe th...
57300079b2c2fd140056870f	Who is believed, among Sunnis, to be the political successor of the Prophet?	Abu Bakr	[ "Muslim_world\n\nThe two main denominations of Islam are the Sunni and Shia sects. They differ primarily upon of how the life of the ummah (\"faithful\") should be governed, and the role of the imam. These two main differences stem from the understanding of which hadith are to interpret the Quran. Sunnis believe th...
57300079b2c2fd1400568710	Who was Abu Bakr?	father of the Prophet's favourite wife	[ "Muslim_world\n\nThe two main denominations of Islam are the Sunni and Shia sects. They differ primarily upon of how the life of the ummah (\"faithful\") should be governed, and the role of the imam. These two main differences stem from the understanding of which hadith are to interpret the Quran. Sunnis believe th...
57300079b2c2fd1400568711	Who was Ali ibn Abi Talib?	husband of the Prophet's daughter Fatimah	[ "Muslim_world\n\nThe two main denominations of Islam are the Sunni and Shia sects. They differ primarily upon of how the life of the ummah (\"faithful\") should be governed, and the role of the imam. These two main differences stem from the understanding of which hadith are to interpret the Quran. Sunnis believe th...
57300664947a6a140053cf74	What is the literacy rate in Kuwait?	over 97%	[ "Muslim_world\n\nLiteracy rate in the Muslim world varies. Some members such as Kuwait, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan have over 97% literacy rates, whereas literacy rates are the lowest in Mali, Afghanistan, Chad and parts of Africa. In 2015, the International Islamic News Agency reported that nearly 37% ...
57300664947a6a140053cf75	In 2015 it was reported that what percentage of the Muslim World was not literate?	37%	[ "Muslim_world\n\nLiteracy rate in the Muslim world varies. Some members such as Kuwait, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan have over 97% literacy rates, whereas literacy rates are the lowest in Mali, Afghanistan, Chad and parts of Africa. In 2015, the International Islamic News Agency reported that nearly 37% ...

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