id stringlengths 24 24 | question stringlengths 1 270 | answer stringlengths 1 239 | documents listlengths 1 1 |
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572ffeec04bcaa1900d76fdd | Who controlled the Archaemenid Empire after Alexander the Great died prematurely? | the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire | [
"Iran\n\nIn 334 BC, Alexander the Great invaded the Achaemenid Empire, defeating the last Achaemenid emperor, Darius III, at the Battle of Issus. Following the premature death of Alexander, Iran came under the control of the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire. In the middle of the 2nd century BC, the Parthian Empire rose ... |
572ffeec04bcaa1900d76fde | When did the Parthian Empire rise to become the main power in Iran? | In the middle of the 2nd century BC | [
"Iran\n\nIn 334 BC, Alexander the Great invaded the Achaemenid Empire, defeating the last Achaemenid emperor, Darius III, at the Battle of Issus. Following the premature death of Alexander, Iran came under the control of the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire. In the middle of the 2nd century BC, the Parthian Empire rose ... |
572ffeec04bcaa1900d76fdf | When did the Sassanid Empire succeed the Parthian Empire in control of Iran? | 224 CE | [
"Iran\n\nIn 334 BC, Alexander the Great invaded the Achaemenid Empire, defeating the last Achaemenid emperor, Darius III, at the Battle of Issus. Following the premature death of Alexander, Iran came under the control of the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire. In the middle of the 2nd century BC, the Parthian Empire rose ... |
5730037bb2c2fd1400568739 | What wars in the 600s CE lead to the weakening of Iran and a subsequent invasion by the Arabs? | Byzantine-Sassanid Wars | [
"Iran\n\nThe prolonged Byzantine-Sassanid Wars, most importantly the climactic Byzantine-Sassanid War of 602-628, as well as the social conflict within the Sassanid Empire, opened the way for an Arab invasion to Iran in the 7th century. Initially defeated by the Arab Rashidun Caliphate, Iran came under the rule of ... |
5730037bb2c2fd140056873a | When did the Arabs invade Iran? | the 7th century | [
"Iran\n\nThe prolonged Byzantine-Sassanid Wars, most importantly the climactic Byzantine-Sassanid War of 602-628, as well as the social conflict within the Sassanid Empire, opened the way for an Arab invasion to Iran in the 7th century. Initially defeated by the Arab Rashidun Caliphate, Iran came under the rule of ... |
5730037bb2c2fd140056873b | Which Arab Caliphate defeated Iran first? | Arab Rashidun Caliphate | [
"Iran\n\nThe prolonged Byzantine-Sassanid Wars, most importantly the climactic Byzantine-Sassanid War of 602-628, as well as the social conflict within the Sassanid Empire, opened the way for an Arab invasion to Iran in the 7th century. Initially defeated by the Arab Rashidun Caliphate, Iran came under the rule of ... |
5730037bb2c2fd140056873c | What special tax did the discriminated Iranians - both converted and nonconverted - have to pay? | Jizya | [
"Iran\n\nThe prolonged Byzantine-Sassanid Wars, most importantly the climactic Byzantine-Sassanid War of 602-628, as well as the social conflict within the Sassanid Empire, opened the way for an Arab invasion to Iran in the 7th century. Initially defeated by the Arab Rashidun Caliphate, Iran came under the rule of ... |
5730037bb2c2fd140056873d | What academy was the most important medical center of the world at the time and became Islamicized after the Arab invasions? | Academy of Gunde Shapur | [
"Iran\n\nThe prolonged Byzantine-Sassanid Wars, most importantly the climactic Byzantine-Sassanid War of 602-628, as well as the social conflict within the Sassanid Empire, opened the way for an Arab invasion to Iran in the 7th century. Initially defeated by the Arab Rashidun Caliphate, Iran came under the rule of ... |
5730048aa23a5019007fcc4d | What period was known for an era where Iranian civilization blossomed and peaked? | the Islamic Golden Age | [
"Iran\n\nThe blossoming literature, philosophy, medicine, and art of Iran became major elements in the formation of a new age for the Iranian civilization, during the period known as the Islamic Golden Age. The Islamic Golden Age reached its peak by the 10th and 11th centuries, during which Iran was the main theate... |
5730048aa23a5019007fcc4e | When did the Islamic Golden Age reach its zenith? | by the 10th and 11th centuries | [
"Iran\n\nThe blossoming literature, philosophy, medicine, and art of Iran became major elements in the formation of a new age for the Iranian civilization, during the period known as the Islamic Golden Age. The Islamic Golden Age reached its peak by the 10th and 11th centuries, during which Iran was the main theate... |
5730048aa23a5019007fcc4f | Where was the main area where the peak of scientific activity take place during the Islamic Golden Age? | Iran | [
"Iran\n\nThe blossoming literature, philosophy, medicine, and art of Iran became major elements in the formation of a new age for the Iranian civilization, during the period known as the Islamic Golden Age. The Islamic Golden Age reached its peak by the 10th and 11th centuries, during which Iran was the main theate... |
5730048aa23a5019007fcc50 | Prominent Iranian writers during this time of the Islamic Golden Age contributed to what area of writing? | scientific writing | [
"Iran\n\nThe blossoming literature, philosophy, medicine, and art of Iran became major elements in the formation of a new age for the Iranian civilization, during the period known as the Islamic Golden Age. The Islamic Golden Age reached its peak by the 10th and 11th centuries, during which Iran was the main theate... |
573005ae947a6a140053cf60 | What tribes migranted en masse to the Iranian plateau in the 10th Century? | Turkic tribes | [
"Iran\n\nThe 10th century saw a mass migration of Turkic tribes from Central Asia into the Iranian plateau. Turkic tribesmen were first used in the Abbasid army as mamluks (slave-warriors), replacing Iranian and Arab elements within the army. As a result, the mamluks gained a significant political power. In 999, la... |
573005ae947a6a140053cf61 | Where did these Turkic tribes come from before the migrated into Iran in the 10th Century? | Central Asia | [
"Iran\n\nThe 10th century saw a mass migration of Turkic tribes from Central Asia into the Iranian plateau. Turkic tribesmen were first used in the Abbasid army as mamluks (slave-warriors), replacing Iranian and Arab elements within the army. As a result, the mamluks gained a significant political power. In 999, la... |
573005ae947a6a140053cf62 | The Abbasid army replaced Iranian and Arabic men with Turkic tribesmen as what element in their army? | mamluks (slave-warriors) | [
"Iran\n\nThe 10th century saw a mass migration of Turkic tribes from Central Asia into the Iranian plateau. Turkic tribesmen were first used in the Abbasid army as mamluks (slave-warriors), replacing Iranian and Arab elements within the army. As a result, the mamluks gained a significant political power. In 999, la... |
573005ae947a6a140053cf63 | In what year did the Ghaznavids briefly control large portions of Iran? | 999 | [
"Iran\n\nThe 10th century saw a mass migration of Turkic tribes from Central Asia into the Iranian plateau. Turkic tribesmen were first used in the Abbasid army as mamluks (slave-warriors), replacing Iranian and Arab elements within the army. As a result, the mamluks gained a significant political power. In 999, la... |
573005ae947a6a140053cf64 | How were the Ghaznavids different from the original Turkics that migrated into Iran? | These Turks had been Persianized and had adopted Persian models of administration and rulership | [
"Iran\n\nThe 10th century saw a mass migration of Turkic tribes from Central Asia into the Iranian plateau. Turkic tribesmen were first used in the Abbasid army as mamluks (slave-warriors), replacing Iranian and Arab elements within the army. As a result, the mamluks gained a significant political power. In 999, la... |
5730067f947a6a140053cf7c | Who established an Ilkhanate in Iran after the break up of the Mongol Empire in 1256? | Hulagu Khan | [
"Iran\n\nFollowing the fracture of the Mongol Empire in 1256, Hulagu Khan, grandson of Genghis Khan, established the Ilkhanate in Iran. In 1370, yet another conqueror, Timur, followed the example of Hulagu, establishing the Timurid Empire which lasted for another 156 years. In 1387, Timur ordered the complete massa... |
5730067f947a6a140053cf7d | Timur established the Timurid Empire in Iran in what year? | 1370 | [
"Iran\n\nFollowing the fracture of the Mongol Empire in 1256, Hulagu Khan, grandson of Genghis Khan, established the Ilkhanate in Iran. In 1370, yet another conqueror, Timur, followed the example of Hulagu, establishing the Timurid Empire which lasted for another 156 years. In 1387, Timur ordered the complete massa... |
5730067f947a6a140053cf7e | How long did the Timurid empire last in Iran? | 156 years | [
"Iran\n\nFollowing the fracture of the Mongol Empire in 1256, Hulagu Khan, grandson of Genghis Khan, established the Ilkhanate in Iran. In 1370, yet another conqueror, Timur, followed the example of Hulagu, establishing the Timurid Empire which lasted for another 156 years. In 1387, Timur ordered the complete massa... |
5730067f947a6a140053cf7f | How many citizens were massacred in Isfahan by Timur in 1387? | 70,000 citizens | [
"Iran\n\nFollowing the fracture of the Mongol Empire in 1256, Hulagu Khan, grandson of Genghis Khan, established the Ilkhanate in Iran. In 1370, yet another conqueror, Timur, followed the example of Hulagu, establishing the Timurid Empire which lasted for another 156 years. In 1387, Timur ordered the complete massa... |
5730067f947a6a140053cf80 | The Ilkhans and Tumrids had what type of culture when ruling Iran? | a culture that was distinctively Iranian | [
"Iran\n\nFollowing the fracture of the Mongol Empire in 1256, Hulagu Khan, grandson of Genghis Khan, established the Ilkhanate in Iran. In 1370, yet another conqueror, Timur, followed the example of Hulagu, establishing the Timurid Empire which lasted for another 156 years. In 1387, Timur ordered the complete massa... |
5730083f04bcaa1900d7703f | Who established the Safavid Dynasty? | Ismail I from Ardabil | [
"Iran\n\nBy the 1500s, Ismail I from Ardabil, established the Safavid Dynasty, with Tabriz as the capital. Beginning with Azerbaijan, he subsequently extended his authority over all of the Iranian territories, and established an intermittent Iranian hegemony over the vast relative regions, reasserting the Iranian i... |
5730083f04bcaa1900d77040 | What was the capital of the Safavid Dynasty? | Tabriz | [
"Iran\n\nBy the 1500s, Ismail I from Ardabil, established the Safavid Dynasty, with Tabriz as the capital. Beginning with Azerbaijan, he subsequently extended his authority over all of the Iranian territories, and established an intermittent Iranian hegemony over the vast relative regions, reasserting the Iranian i... |
5730083f04bcaa1900d77041 | Ismail I forced a conversion to what Islamic branch? | Shia Islam | [
"Iran\n\nBy the 1500s, Ismail I from Ardabil, established the Safavid Dynasty, with Tabriz as the capital. Beginning with Azerbaijan, he subsequently extended his authority over all of the Iranian territories, and established an intermittent Iranian hegemony over the vast relative regions, reasserting the Iranian i... |
5730083f04bcaa1900d77042 | What country is currently the only official Shia nation of the world? | Iran | [
"Iran\n\nBy the 1500s, Ismail I from Ardabil, established the Safavid Dynasty, with Tabriz as the capital. Beginning with Azerbaijan, he subsequently extended his authority over all of the Iranian territories, and established an intermittent Iranian hegemony over the vast relative regions, reasserting the Iranian i... |
57300950a23a5019007fcc83 | What Empire neighbored and had a rivalry with Safavid Iran? | Ottoman Empire | [
"Iran\n\nThe centuries-long geopolitical and ideological rivalry between Safavid Iran and the neighboring Ottoman Empire, led to numerous Ottoman–Persian Wars. The Safavid Era peaked in the reign of Abbas the Great, 1587–1629, surpassing their Ottoman arch rivals in strength, and making the empire a leading hub in ... |
57300950a23a5019007fcc84 | Safavid Iran peaked during whose reign? | Abbas the Great | [
"Iran\n\nThe centuries-long geopolitical and ideological rivalry between Safavid Iran and the neighboring Ottoman Empire, led to numerous Ottoman–Persian Wars. The Safavid Era peaked in the reign of Abbas the Great, 1587–1629, surpassing their Ottoman arch rivals in strength, and making the empire a leading hub in ... |
57300950a23a5019007fcc85 | When did the Safavid Empire peak? | 1587–1629 | [
"Iran\n\nThe centuries-long geopolitical and ideological rivalry between Safavid Iran and the neighboring Ottoman Empire, led to numerous Ottoman–Persian Wars. The Safavid Era peaked in the reign of Abbas the Great, 1587–1629, surpassing their Ottoman arch rivals in strength, and making the empire a leading hub in ... |
57300950a23a5019007fcc86 | Who ended Safavid power in Iran in 1722? | Pashtun rebels | [
"Iran\n\nThe centuries-long geopolitical and ideological rivalry between Safavid Iran and the neighboring Ottoman Empire, led to numerous Ottoman–Persian Wars. The Safavid Era peaked in the reign of Abbas the Great, 1587–1629, surpassing their Ottoman arch rivals in strength, and making the empire a leading hub in ... |
57300950a23a5019007fcc87 | Who was the last Safavid ruler who was defeated in 1722 by the Pashtuns in Isfahan? | Soltan Hosein | [
"Iran\n\nThe centuries-long geopolitical and ideological rivalry between Safavid Iran and the neighboring Ottoman Empire, led to numerous Ottoman–Persian Wars. The Safavid Era peaked in the reign of Abbas the Great, 1587–1629, surpassing their Ottoman arch rivals in strength, and making the empire a leading hub in ... |
57300a34b2c2fd1400568793 | In what year were the Pashtuns defeated and driven out of Iran? | 1729 | [
"Iran\n\nIn 1729, Nader Shah, a chieftain and military genius from Khorasan, successfully drove out and conquered the Pashtun invaders. He subsequently took back the annexed Caucasian territories which were divided among the Ottoman and Russian authorities by the ongoing chaos in Iran. During the reign of Nader Sha... |
57300a34b2c2fd1400568794 | Who drove out the Pashtuns from Iran in 1729? | Nader Shah | [
"Iran\n\nIn 1729, Nader Shah, a chieftain and military genius from Khorasan, successfully drove out and conquered the Pashtun invaders. He subsequently took back the annexed Caucasian territories which were divided among the Ottoman and Russian authorities by the ongoing chaos in Iran. During the reign of Nader Sha... |
57300a34b2c2fd1400568795 | Where was Nader Shan from? | Khorasan | [
"Iran\n\nIn 1729, Nader Shah, a chieftain and military genius from Khorasan, successfully drove out and conquered the Pashtun invaders. He subsequently took back the annexed Caucasian territories which were divided among the Ottoman and Russian authorities by the ongoing chaos in Iran. During the reign of Nader Sha... |
57300a34b2c2fd1400568796 | Nader Shah expanded Iranian power to its highest peak since what Empire? | the Sassanid Empire | [
"Iran\n\nIn 1729, Nader Shah, a chieftain and military genius from Khorasan, successfully drove out and conquered the Pashtun invaders. He subsequently took back the annexed Caucasian territories which were divided among the Ottoman and Russian authorities by the ongoing chaos in Iran. During the reign of Nader Sha... |
57300a34b2c2fd1400568797 | Nader Shah took back what territories that were annexed by the Ottomans and the Russians? | Caucasian territories | [
"Iran\n\nIn 1729, Nader Shah, a chieftain and military genius from Khorasan, successfully drove out and conquered the Pashtun invaders. He subsequently took back the annexed Caucasian territories which were divided among the Ottoman and Russian authorities by the ongoing chaos in Iran. During the reign of Nader Sha... |
57300b16b2c2fd140056879d | Whose death in 1779 led to a civil war in Iran? | Karim Khan | [
"Iran\n\nAnother civil war ensued after the death of Karim Khan in 1779, out of which Aqa Mohammad Khan emerged, founding the Qajar Dynasty in 1794. In 1795, following the disobedience of the Georgian subjects and their alliance with the Russians, the Qajars captured Tblisi by the Battle of Krtsanisi, and drove the... |
57300b16b2c2fd140056879e | Who founded the following Qajar Empire in 1794? | Aqa Mohammad Khan | [
"Iran\n\nAnother civil war ensued after the death of Karim Khan in 1779, out of which Aqa Mohammad Khan emerged, founding the Qajar Dynasty in 1794. In 1795, following the disobedience of the Georgian subjects and their alliance with the Russians, the Qajars captured Tblisi by the Battle of Krtsanisi, and drove the... |
57300b16b2c2fd140056879f | The Qajars defeated the Russians at what battle to take over Tblisi? | Battle of Krtsanisi | [
"Iran\n\nAnother civil war ensued after the death of Karim Khan in 1779, out of which Aqa Mohammad Khan emerged, founding the Qajar Dynasty in 1794. In 1795, following the disobedience of the Georgian subjects and their alliance with the Russians, the Qajars captured Tblisi by the Battle of Krtsanisi, and drove the... |
57300b16b2c2fd14005687a0 | The Qajars drove the Russians out of what entire region? | the entire Caucasus | [
"Iran\n\nAnother civil war ensued after the death of Karim Khan in 1779, out of which Aqa Mohammad Khan emerged, founding the Qajar Dynasty in 1794. In 1795, following the disobedience of the Georgian subjects and their alliance with the Russians, the Qajars captured Tblisi by the Battle of Krtsanisi, and drove the... |
57300b16b2c2fd14005687a1 | Iran lost territory in the Caucasus during what wars in the early 1800s? | Russo-Persian wars | [
"Iran\n\nAnother civil war ensued after the death of Karim Khan in 1779, out of which Aqa Mohammad Khan emerged, founding the Qajar Dynasty in 1794. In 1795, following the disobedience of the Georgian subjects and their alliance with the Russians, the Qajars captured Tblisi by the Battle of Krtsanisi, and drove the... |
57300c2a04bcaa1900d77091 | What wars resulted in Iran losing control of the Caucasus to the Russians? | the 19th century Russo-Persian wars | [
"Iran\n\nAs a result of the 19th century Russo-Persian wars, the Russians took over the Caucasus, and Iran irrevocably lost control over its integral territories in the region (comprising modern-day Dagestan, Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan), which got confirmed per the treaties of Gulistan and Turkmenchay. The ar... |
57300c2a04bcaa1900d77092 | What region consisting of Dagestan, Georgia, Armenia, & Azerbaijan did Iran lose control of to the Russians? | the Caucasus | [
"Iran\n\nAs a result of the 19th century Russo-Persian wars, the Russians took over the Caucasus, and Iran irrevocably lost control over its integral territories in the region (comprising modern-day Dagestan, Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan), which got confirmed per the treaties of Gulistan and Turkmenchay. The ar... |
57300c2a04bcaa1900d77093 | The Gulistan and Turkmenchay treaties between Iran and Russia confirmed what? | Iran irrevocably lost control over its integral territories in the region | [
"Iran\n\nAs a result of the 19th century Russo-Persian wars, the Russians took over the Caucasus, and Iran irrevocably lost control over its integral territories in the region (comprising modern-day Dagestan, Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan), which got confirmed per the treaties of Gulistan and Turkmenchay. The ar... |
57300c2a04bcaa1900d77094 | What century did Iran lose the Caucasus to Russia? | the 19th century | [
"Iran\n\nAs a result of the 19th century Russo-Persian wars, the Russians took over the Caucasus, and Iran irrevocably lost control over its integral territories in the region (comprising modern-day Dagestan, Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan), which got confirmed per the treaties of Gulistan and Turkmenchay. The ar... |
57300d4fb2c2fd14005687a7 | When did a series of protests over foreign concessions sales in Iran occur? | Between 1872 and 1905 | [
"Iran\n\nBetween 1872 and 1905, a series of protests took place in response to the sale of concessions to foreigners by Nasser od Din and Mozaffar od Din shahs of Qajar, and led to the Iranian Constitutional Revolution. The first Iranian Constitution and the first national parliament of Iran were founded in 1906, t... |
57300d4fb2c2fd14005687a8 | What resulted from the series of protests in Iran over foreign concessions sales? | the Iranian Constitutional Revolution | [
"Iran\n\nBetween 1872 and 1905, a series of protests took place in response to the sale of concessions to foreigners by Nasser od Din and Mozaffar od Din shahs of Qajar, and led to the Iranian Constitutional Revolution. The first Iranian Constitution and the first national parliament of Iran were founded in 1906, t... |
57300d4fb2c2fd14005687a9 | The first national parliament of Iran was founded in what year? | in 1906 | [
"Iran\n\nBetween 1872 and 1905, a series of protests took place in response to the sale of concessions to foreigners by Nasser od Din and Mozaffar od Din shahs of Qajar, and led to the Iranian Constitutional Revolution. The first Iranian Constitution and the first national parliament of Iran were founded in 1906, t... |
57300d4fb2c2fd14005687aa | The first Constitution of Iran was founded in what year? | in 1906 | [
"Iran\n\nBetween 1872 and 1905, a series of protests took place in response to the sale of concessions to foreigners by Nasser od Din and Mozaffar od Din shahs of Qajar, and led to the Iranian Constitutional Revolution. The first Iranian Constitution and the first national parliament of Iran were founded in 1906, t... |
57300d4fb2c2fd14005687ab | The Iranian Constitution did what for Christians, Jews, and Zoroastrians in Iran? | official recognition of Iran's three religious minorities | [
"Iran\n\nBetween 1872 and 1905, a series of protests took place in response to the sale of concessions to foreigners by Nasser od Din and Mozaffar od Din shahs of Qajar, and led to the Iranian Constitutional Revolution. The first Iranian Constitution and the first national parliament of Iran were founded in 1906, t... |
57301248b2c2fd14005687eb | The constitutional movement in Iran lasted from 1906 until what year? | until 1911 | [
"Iran\n\nThe struggle related to the constitutional movement continued until 1911, when Mohammad Ali Shah was defeated and forced to abdicate. On the pretext of restoring order, the Russians occupied Northern Iran in 1911, and maintained a military presence in the region for years to come. During World War I, the B... |
57301248b2c2fd14005687ec | Who was defeated and forced to abdicate at the end of the Iranian constitutional movement? | Mohammad Ali Shah | [
"Iran\n\nThe struggle related to the constitutional movement continued until 1911, when Mohammad Ali Shah was defeated and forced to abdicate. On the pretext of restoring order, the Russians occupied Northern Iran in 1911, and maintained a military presence in the region for years to come. During World War I, the B... |
57301248b2c2fd14005687ed | In 1911, Russians occupied Northern Iran under what pretext? | restoring order | [
"Iran\n\nThe struggle related to the constitutional movement continued until 1911, when Mohammad Ali Shah was defeated and forced to abdicate. On the pretext of restoring order, the Russians occupied Northern Iran in 1911, and maintained a military presence in the region for years to come. During World War I, the B... |
57301248b2c2fd14005687ee | The British occupied Western Iran from World War 1 until finally withdrawing in what year? | 1921 | [
"Iran\n\nThe struggle related to the constitutional movement continued until 1911, when Mohammad Ali Shah was defeated and forced to abdicate. On the pretext of restoring order, the Russians occupied Northern Iran in 1911, and maintained a military presence in the region for years to come. During World War I, the B... |
57301248b2c2fd14005687ef | Who massacred many Assyrian Iranians around Urmia during World War 1? | Ottoman armies | [
"Iran\n\nThe struggle related to the constitutional movement continued until 1911, when Mohammad Ali Shah was defeated and forced to abdicate. On the pretext of restoring order, the Russians occupied Northern Iran in 1911, and maintained a military presence in the region for years to come. During World War I, the B... |
5730132eb2c2fd1400568813 | When was Reza Shah forced to abdicate in Iran? | 1941 | [
"Iran\n\nIn 1941, Reza Shah was forced to abdicate in favor of his son, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, and established the Persian Corridor, a massive supply route that would last until the end of the ongoing war. The presence of so many foreign troops in the nation also culminated in the Soviet-backed establishment of two... |
5730132eb2c2fd1400568814 | Who succeeded Reza Shah after his abdication? | his son, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi | [
"Iran\n\nIn 1941, Reza Shah was forced to abdicate in favor of his son, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, and established the Persian Corridor, a massive supply route that would last until the end of the ongoing war. The presence of so many foreign troops in the nation also culminated in the Soviet-backed establishment of two... |
5730132eb2c2fd1400568815 | Mohammad Reza Pahlavi established what enormous supply route during World War 2? | the Persian Corridor | [
"Iran\n\nIn 1941, Reza Shah was forced to abdicate in favor of his son, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, and established the Persian Corridor, a massive supply route that would last until the end of the ongoing war. The presence of so many foreign troops in the nation also culminated in the Soviet-backed establishment of two... |
5730132eb2c2fd1400568816 | Who backed two puppet regimes in/around Iran during WWII? | the Soviet Union | [
"Iran\n\nIn 1941, Reza Shah was forced to abdicate in favor of his son, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, and established the Persian Corridor, a massive supply route that would last until the end of the ongoing war. The presence of so many foreign troops in the nation also culminated in the Soviet-backed establishment of two... |
5730132eb2c2fd1400568817 | What happened which ended in two puppet states dissolving and Soviet withdrawal out of Iran after WWII? | the Iran crisis of 1946 | [
"Iran\n\nIn 1941, Reza Shah was forced to abdicate in favor of his son, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, and established the Persian Corridor, a massive supply route that would last until the end of the ongoing war. The presence of so many foreign troops in the nation also culminated in the Soviet-backed establishment of two... |
573014cc04bcaa1900d77143 | What year did oil price spikes in Iran lead to inflation? | 1973 | [
"Iran\n\nDue to the 1973 spike in oil prices, the economy of Iran was flooded with foreign currency, which caused inflation. By 1974, the economy of Iran was experiencing double digit inflation, and despite many large projects to modernize the country, corruption was rampant and caused large amounts of waste. By 19... |
573014cc04bcaa1900d77144 | What caused inflation to Iran's economy during the oil price spike in 1973? | economy of Iran was flooded with foreign currency | [
"Iran\n\nDue to the 1973 spike in oil prices, the economy of Iran was flooded with foreign currency, which caused inflation. By 1974, the economy of Iran was experiencing double digit inflation, and despite many large projects to modernize the country, corruption was rampant and caused large amounts of waste. By 19... |
573014cc04bcaa1900d77145 | Iran's inflation led to what in 1975-1976? | an economic recession | [
"Iran\n\nDue to the 1973 spike in oil prices, the economy of Iran was flooded with foreign currency, which caused inflation. By 1974, the economy of Iran was experiencing double digit inflation, and despite many large projects to modernize the country, corruption was rampant and caused large amounts of waste. By 19... |
573014cc04bcaa1900d77146 | Why did millions of youth migrate to the urban areas of Iran in the mid 1970s? | construction jobs | [
"Iran\n\nDue to the 1973 spike in oil prices, the economy of Iran was flooded with foreign currency, which caused inflation. By 1974, the economy of Iran was experiencing double digit inflation, and despite many large projects to modernize the country, corruption was rampant and caused large amounts of waste. By 19... |
573014cc04bcaa1900d77147 | Due to increased unemployment, who mainly opposed the Shah's regime? | millions of youth who had migrated to the cities | [
"Iran\n\nDue to the 1973 spike in oil prices, the economy of Iran was flooded with foreign currency, which caused inflation. By 1974, the economy of Iran was experiencing double digit inflation, and despite many large projects to modernize the country, corruption was rampant and caused large amounts of waste. By 19... |
573015d6947a6a140053d0a2 | The new Iranian government following the Shah's downfall dealt with the Kurdish rebellion in what year? | 1979 | [
"Iran\n\nThe immediate nationwide uprisings against the new government began by the 1979 Kurdish rebellion with the Khuzestan uprisings, along with the uprisings in Sistan and Baluchestan Province and other areas. Over the next several years, these uprisings were subdued in a violent manner by the new Islamic gover... |
573015d6947a6a140053d0a3 | How did the new Iranian government handle the rebellions and uprisings following their rise to power? | in a violent manner | [
"Iran\n\nThe immediate nationwide uprisings against the new government began by the 1979 Kurdish rebellion with the Khuzestan uprisings, along with the uprisings in Sistan and Baluchestan Province and other areas. Over the next several years, these uprisings were subdued in a violent manner by the new Islamic gover... |
573015d6947a6a140053d0a4 | The new Iranian government purged itself of what political opposition? | non-Islamist | [
"Iran\n\nThe immediate nationwide uprisings against the new government began by the 1979 Kurdish rebellion with the Khuzestan uprisings, along with the uprisings in Sistan and Baluchestan Province and other areas. Over the next several years, these uprisings were subdued in a violent manner by the new Islamic gover... |
573015d6947a6a140053d0a5 | What happened to the nationalists and Marxists that had helped the Islamic ruling government to depose the Shah? | were executed | [
"Iran\n\nThe immediate nationwide uprisings against the new government began by the 1979 Kurdish rebellion with the Khuzestan uprisings, along with the uprisings in Sistan and Baluchestan Province and other areas. Over the next several years, these uprisings were subdued in a violent manner by the new Islamic gover... |
5730168bb2c2fd140056883b | When was the US Embassy in Iran seized? | November 4, 1979 | [
"Iran\n\nOn November 4, 1979, a group of students seized the United States Embassy and took the embassy with 52 personnel and citizens hostage, after the United States refused to return Mohammad Reza Pahlavi to Iran to face trial in the court of the new regime. Attempts by the Jimmy Carter administration to negotia... |
5730168bb2c2fd140056883c | Who seized the US Embassy in Iran in 1979? | a group of students | [
"Iran\n\nOn November 4, 1979, a group of students seized the United States Embassy and took the embassy with 52 personnel and citizens hostage, after the United States refused to return Mohammad Reza Pahlavi to Iran to face trial in the court of the new regime. Attempts by the Jimmy Carter administration to negotia... |
5730168bb2c2fd140056883d | How many hostages were taken in the US Embassy seizure? | 52 personnel and citizens | [
"Iran\n\nOn November 4, 1979, a group of students seized the United States Embassy and took the embassy with 52 personnel and citizens hostage, after the United States refused to return Mohammad Reza Pahlavi to Iran to face trial in the court of the new regime. Attempts by the Jimmy Carter administration to negotia... |
5730168bb2c2fd140056883e | Who won the 1980 US Presidential Elections after President Carter's repeated failed attempts to resolve the US Iranian Embassy situation? | Ronald Reagan | [
"Iran\n\nOn November 4, 1979, a group of students seized the United States Embassy and took the embassy with 52 personnel and citizens hostage, after the United States refused to return Mohammad Reza Pahlavi to Iran to face trial in the court of the new regime. Attempts by the Jimmy Carter administration to negotia... |
5730168bb2c2fd140056883f | ALl of the hostages were completely freed as the result of what treaty? | Algiers Accords | [
"Iran\n\nOn November 4, 1979, a group of students seized the United States Embassy and took the embassy with 52 personnel and citizens hostage, after the United States refused to return Mohammad Reza Pahlavi to Iran to face trial in the court of the new regime. Attempts by the Jimmy Carter administration to negotia... |
5730175f04bcaa1900d77169 | Who invaded Iran in 1980? | the Iraqi army | [
"Iran\n\nOn September 22, 1980, the Iraqi army invaded the Iranian Khuzestan, and the Iran–Iraq War began. Although the forces of Saddam Hussein made several early advances, by mid 1982, the Iranian forces successfully managed to drive the Iraqi army back into Iraq. In July 1982, with Iraq thrown on the defensive, ... |
5730175f04bcaa1900d7716a | When did the Iranian army push the Iraqis back into Iraq? | mid 1982 | [
"Iran\n\nOn September 22, 1980, the Iraqi army invaded the Iranian Khuzestan, and the Iran–Iraq War began. Although the forces of Saddam Hussein made several early advances, by mid 1982, the Iranian forces successfully managed to drive the Iraqi army back into Iraq. In July 1982, with Iraq thrown on the defensive, ... |
5730175f04bcaa1900d7716b | When did the Iran-Iraq War finally end? | 1988 | [
"Iran\n\nOn September 22, 1980, the Iraqi army invaded the Iranian Khuzestan, and the Iran–Iraq War began. Although the forces of Saddam Hussein made several early advances, by mid 1982, the Iranian forces successfully managed to drive the Iraqi army back into Iraq. In July 1982, with Iraq thrown on the defensive, ... |
5730175f04bcaa1900d7716c | Who mediated the truce which ended the Iran-Iraq War? | the UN | [
"Iran\n\nOn September 22, 1980, the Iraqi army invaded the Iranian Khuzestan, and the Iran–Iraq War began. Although the forces of Saddam Hussein made several early advances, by mid 1982, the Iranian forces successfully managed to drive the Iraqi army back into Iraq. In July 1982, with Iraq thrown on the defensive, ... |
5730175f04bcaa1900d7716d | How many civilians in Iran were killed during the Iran-Iraq War? | 11,000–16,000 | [
"Iran\n\nOn September 22, 1980, the Iraqi army invaded the Iranian Khuzestan, and the Iran–Iraq War began. Although the forces of Saddam Hussein made several early advances, by mid 1982, the Iranian forces successfully managed to drive the Iraqi army back into Iraq. In July 1982, with Iraq thrown on the defensive, ... |
573017f7a23a5019007fcd5b | What is the size of Iran? | 1,648,195 km2 (636,372 sq mi) | [
"Iran\n\nIran has an area of 1,648,195 km2 (636,372 sq mi). Iran lies between latitudes 24° and 40° N, and longitudes 44° and 64° E. Its borders are with Azerbaijan (611 km or 380 mi, with Azerbaijan-Naxcivan exclave, 179 km or 111 mi) and Armenia (35 km or 22 mi) to the north-west; the Caspian Sea to the north; Tu... |
573017f7a23a5019007fcd5c | What latitudes does Iran lie between? | 24° and 40° N | [
"Iran\n\nIran has an area of 1,648,195 km2 (636,372 sq mi). Iran lies between latitudes 24° and 40° N, and longitudes 44° and 64° E. Its borders are with Azerbaijan (611 km or 380 mi, with Azerbaijan-Naxcivan exclave, 179 km or 111 mi) and Armenia (35 km or 22 mi) to the north-west; the Caspian Sea to the north; Tu... |
573017f7a23a5019007fcd5d | What longitudes does Iran lie between? | 44° and 64° E | [
"Iran\n\nIran has an area of 1,648,195 km2 (636,372 sq mi). Iran lies between latitudes 24° and 40° N, and longitudes 44° and 64° E. Its borders are with Azerbaijan (611 km or 380 mi, with Azerbaijan-Naxcivan exclave, 179 km or 111 mi) and Armenia (35 km or 22 mi) to the north-west; the Caspian Sea to the north; Tu... |
573017f7a23a5019007fcd5e | Where does Iran border the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman? | to the south | [
"Iran\n\nIran has an area of 1,648,195 km2 (636,372 sq mi). Iran lies between latitudes 24° and 40° N, and longitudes 44° and 64° E. Its borders are with Azerbaijan (611 km or 380 mi, with Azerbaijan-Naxcivan exclave, 179 km or 111 mi) and Armenia (35 km or 22 mi) to the north-west; the Caspian Sea to the north; Tu... |
573017f7a23a5019007fcd5f | What does Iran border with to its north? | the Caspian Sea | [
"Iran\n\nIran has an area of 1,648,195 km2 (636,372 sq mi). Iran lies between latitudes 24° and 40° N, and longitudes 44° and 64° E. Its borders are with Azerbaijan (611 km or 380 mi, with Azerbaijan-Naxcivan exclave, 179 km or 111 mi) and Armenia (35 km or 22 mi) to the north-west; the Caspian Sea to the north; Tu... |
57301a69947a6a140053d0f8 | Iran's landscape is dominated by what geographical feature? | rugged mountain ranges | [
"Iran\n\nIran consists of the Iranian Plateau with the exception of the coasts of the Caspian Sea and Khuzestan Province. It is one of the world's most mountainous countries, its landscape dominated by rugged mountain ranges that separate various basins or plateaux from one another. The populous western part is the... |
57301a69947a6a140053d0f9 | What is Iran's highest mountain? | Mount Damavand | [
"Iran\n\nIran consists of the Iranian Plateau with the exception of the coasts of the Caspian Sea and Khuzestan Province. It is one of the world's most mountainous countries, its landscape dominated by rugged mountain ranges that separate various basins or plateaux from one another. The populous western part is the... |
57301a69947a6a140053d0fa | How tall is Mount Damavand? | 5,610 m (18,406 ft) | [
"Iran\n\nIran consists of the Iranian Plateau with the exception of the coasts of the Caspian Sea and Khuzestan Province. It is one of the world's most mountainous countries, its landscape dominated by rugged mountain ranges that separate various basins or plateaux from one another. The populous western part is the... |
57301a69947a6a140053d0fb | Mount Damavand is located in what range? | Alborz Mountains | [
"Iran\n\nIran consists of the Iranian Plateau with the exception of the coasts of the Caspian Sea and Khuzestan Province. It is one of the world's most mountainous countries, its landscape dominated by rugged mountain ranges that separate various basins or plateaux from one another. The populous western part is the... |
57301cdea23a5019007fcd9d | Iran's climate along its Capsian coast and northen forests is? | subtropical | [
"Iran\n\nIran's climate ranges from arid or semiarid, to subtropical along the Caspian coast and the northern forests. On the northern edge of the country (the Caspian coastal plain) temperatures rarely fall below freezing and the area remains humid for the rest of the year. Summer temperatures rarely exceed 29 °C ... |
57301cdea23a5019007fcd9e | During what season does Iran's northern region's temperatures never go higher than 29c? | Summer | [
"Iran\n\nIran's climate ranges from arid or semiarid, to subtropical along the Caspian coast and the northern forests. On the northern edge of the country (the Caspian coastal plain) temperatures rarely fall below freezing and the area remains humid for the rest of the year. Summer temperatures rarely exceed 29 °C ... |
57301cdea23a5019007fcd9f | What is the annual precipitation in Iran's eastern plains? | 680 mm (26.8 in) | [
"Iran\n\nIran's climate ranges from arid or semiarid, to subtropical along the Caspian coast and the northern forests. On the northern edge of the country (the Caspian coastal plain) temperatures rarely fall below freezing and the area remains humid for the rest of the year. Summer temperatures rarely exceed 29 °C ... |
57301cdea23a5019007fcda0 | What is the annual precipitation in Iran's western plains? | 1,700 mm (66.9 in) | [
"Iran\n\nIran's climate ranges from arid or semiarid, to subtropical along the Caspian coast and the northern forests. On the northern edge of the country (the Caspian coastal plain) temperatures rarely fall below freezing and the area remains humid for the rest of the year. Summer temperatures rarely exceed 29 °C ... |
57301cdea23a5019007fcda1 | According to Gary Lewis of the UN, what is the most pressing human security challenge in Iran? | Water scarcity | [
"Iran\n\nIran's climate ranges from arid or semiarid, to subtropical along the Caspian coast and the northern forests. On the northern edge of the country (the Caspian coastal plain) temperatures rarely fall below freezing and the area remains humid for the rest of the year. Summer temperatures rarely exceed 29 °C ... |
57301dc9947a6a140053d132 | In Iran's western Zagros Basin, what are the average daily temperatures during winter? | below zero | [
"Iran\n\nTo the west, settlements in the Zagros basin experience lower temperatures, severe winters with below zero average daily temperatures and heavy snowfall. The eastern and central basins are arid, with less than 200 mm (7.9 in) of rain, and have occasional deserts. Average summer temperatures rarely exceed 3... |
57301dc9947a6a140053d133 | In Iran's western Zagros Basin, temperatures do not exceed what level during the summer? | 38 °C (100.4 °F) | [
"Iran\n\nTo the west, settlements in the Zagros basin experience lower temperatures, severe winters with below zero average daily temperatures and heavy snowfall. The eastern and central basins are arid, with less than 200 mm (7.9 in) of rain, and have occasional deserts. Average summer temperatures rarely exceed 3... |
57301dc9947a6a140053d134 | The eastern and central basins of Iran experience how much annual precipitation? | less than 200 mm (7.9 in) of rain | [
"Iran\n\nTo the west, settlements in the Zagros basin experience lower temperatures, severe winters with below zero average daily temperatures and heavy snowfall. The eastern and central basins are arid, with less than 200 mm (7.9 in) of rain, and have occasional deserts. Average summer temperatures rarely exceed 3... |
57301dc9947a6a140053d135 | What is the coastal plains of Iran's annual precipitation ranges? | 135 to 355 mm (5.3 to 14.0 in) | [
"Iran\n\nTo the west, settlements in the Zagros basin experience lower temperatures, severe winters with below zero average daily temperatures and heavy snowfall. The eastern and central basins are arid, with less than 200 mm (7.9 in) of rain, and have occasional deserts. Average summer temperatures rarely exceed 3... |
5730220f04bcaa1900d771f1 | How many species of Iranian wildlife are listed by the IUCN as endangered? | 74 species | [
"Iran\n\nAt least 74 species of Iranian wildlife are on the red list of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature, a sign of serious threats against the country’s biodiversity. The Iranian Parliament has been showing disregard for wildlife by passing laws and regulations such as the act that lets the M... |
5730220f04bcaa1900d771f2 | The Iranian Parliament lets who exploit mines without guidance from the Department of the Environment? | Ministry of Industries and Mines | [
"Iran\n\nAt least 74 species of Iranian wildlife are on the red list of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature, a sign of serious threats against the country’s biodiversity. The Iranian Parliament has been showing disregard for wildlife by passing laws and regulations such as the act that lets the M... |
5730220f04bcaa1900d771f3 | The Iranian Parliament does not demand environmental impact studies before approving what projects? | large national development projects | [
"Iran\n\nAt least 74 species of Iranian wildlife are on the red list of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature, a sign of serious threats against the country’s biodiversity. The Iranian Parliament has been showing disregard for wildlife by passing laws and regulations such as the act that lets the M... |
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