id stringlengths 24 24 | question stringlengths 1 270 | answer stringlengths 1 239 | documents listlengths 1 1 |
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57300664947a6a140053cf76 | What organizations studied literacy in the Muslim World in 2015? | Organisation of Islamic Cooperation and the Islamic Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization | [
"Muslim_world\n\nLiteracy rate in the Muslim world varies. Some members such as Kuwait, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan have over 97% literacy rates, whereas literacy rates are the lowest in Mali, Afghanistan, Chad and parts of Africa. In 2015, the International Islamic News Agency reported that nearly 37% ... |
57300664947a6a140053cf77 | Which regions have the lowest rate of literacy in the Muslim world? | Mali, Afghanistan, Chad and parts of Africa | [
"Muslim_world\n\nLiteracy rate in the Muslim world varies. Some members such as Kuwait, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan have over 97% literacy rates, whereas literacy rates are the lowest in Mali, Afghanistan, Chad and parts of Africa. In 2015, the International Islamic News Agency reported that nearly 37% ... |
57300707947a6a140053cf90 | Which organization for scientific publications was established in Pakistan in 2002? | Higher Education Commission | [
"Muslim_world\n\nSeveral Muslim countries like Turkey and Iran exhibit high scientific publication. Some countries have tried to encourage scientific research. In Pakistan, establishment of the Higher Education Commission in 2002, resulted in a 5-fold increase in the number of PhDs and a 10-fold increase in the num... |
57300707947a6a140053cf91 | How much did the Higher Education Commission impact the number of PhDs in Pakistan? | 5-fold increase | [
"Muslim_world\n\nSeveral Muslim countries like Turkey and Iran exhibit high scientific publication. Some countries have tried to encourage scientific research. In Pakistan, establishment of the Higher Education Commission in 2002, resulted in a 5-fold increase in the number of PhDs and a 10-fold increase in the num... |
57300707947a6a140053cf92 | How many universities were in Pakistan in 2001? | 115 | [
"Muslim_world\n\nSeveral Muslim countries like Turkey and Iran exhibit high scientific publication. Some countries have tried to encourage scientific research. In Pakistan, establishment of the Higher Education Commission in 2002, resulted in a 5-fold increase in the number of PhDs and a 10-fold increase in the num... |
57300707947a6a140053cf93 | What science university did Saudi Arabia establish? | King Abdullah University of Science and Technology | [
"Muslim_world\n\nSeveral Muslim countries like Turkey and Iran exhibit high scientific publication. Some countries have tried to encourage scientific research. In Pakistan, establishment of the Higher Education Commission in 2002, resulted in a 5-fold increase in the number of PhDs and a 10-fold increase in the num... |
57300707947a6a140053cf94 | Where is Zayed University? | United Arab Emirates | [
"Muslim_world\n\nSeveral Muslim countries like Turkey and Iran exhibit high scientific publication. Some countries have tried to encourage scientific research. In Pakistan, establishment of the Higher Education Commission in 2002, resulted in a 5-fold increase in the number of PhDs and a 10-fold increase in the num... |
573007b9a23a5019007fcc69 | What is considered the most important work of Islamic architecture? | the mosque | [
"Muslim_world\n\nEncompasses both secular and religious styles, the design and style made by Muslims and their construction of buildings and structures in Islamic culture included the architectural types: the Mosque, the Tomb, the Palace and the Fort. Perhaps the most important expression of Islamic art is architec... |
573007b9a23a5019007fcc6a | What type of decorations are used in Muslim world decorative art rather than pictures? | decorative calligraphy | [
"Muslim_world\n\nEncompasses both secular and religious styles, the design and style made by Muslims and their construction of buildings and structures in Islamic culture included the architectural types: the Mosque, the Tomb, the Palace and the Fort. Perhaps the most important expression of Islamic art is architec... |
573007b9a23a5019007fcc6b | What is the definition of haram? | forbidden | [
"Muslim_world\n\nEncompasses both secular and religious styles, the design and style made by Muslims and their construction of buildings and structures in Islamic culture included the architectural types: the Mosque, the Tomb, the Palace and the Fort. Perhaps the most important expression of Islamic art is architec... |
573007b9a23a5019007fcc6c | Where in Muslim architecture are pictures forbidden? | mosque architecture | [
"Muslim_world\n\nEncompasses both secular and religious styles, the design and style made by Muslims and their construction of buildings and structures in Islamic culture included the architectural types: the Mosque, the Tomb, the Palace and the Fort. Perhaps the most important expression of Islamic art is architec... |
573007b9a23a5019007fcc6d | Where is one permitted to use representations of humans? | secular architecture | [
"Muslim_world\n\nEncompasses both secular and religious styles, the design and style made by Muslims and their construction of buildings and structures in Islamic culture included the architectural types: the Mosque, the Tomb, the Palace and the Fort. Perhaps the most important expression of Islamic art is architec... |
57300862947a6a140053cfa2 | Why is depicting God forbidden in the Islamic world? | such artistic depictions may lead to idolatry | [
"Muslim_world\n\nNo Islamic visual images or depictions of God are meant to exist because it is believed that such artistic depictions may lead to idolatry. Moreover, Muslims believe that God is incorporeal, making any two- or three- dimensional depictions impossible. Instead, Muslims describe God by the names and ... |
57300862947a6a140053cfa3 | What do Muslims believe of the form of God? | God is incorporeal | [
"Muslim_world\n\nNo Islamic visual images or depictions of God are meant to exist because it is believed that such artistic depictions may lead to idolatry. Moreover, Muslims believe that God is incorporeal, making any two- or three- dimensional depictions impossible. Instead, Muslims describe God by the names and ... |
57300862947a6a140053cfa4 | How many sura's in the Quran begin with "In the name of God?" | All but one | [
"Muslim_world\n\nNo Islamic visual images or depictions of God are meant to exist because it is believed that such artistic depictions may lead to idolatry. Moreover, Muslims believe that God is incorporeal, making any two- or three- dimensional depictions impossible. Instead, Muslims describe God by the names and ... |
57300862947a6a140053cfa5 | What is the policy in the Muslim world on depicting Mohammed? | prohibited | [
"Muslim_world\n\nNo Islamic visual images or depictions of God are meant to exist because it is believed that such artistic depictions may lead to idolatry. Moreover, Muslims believe that God is incorporeal, making any two- or three- dimensional depictions impossible. Instead, Muslims describe God by the names and ... |
57300862947a6a140053cfa6 | What other religions might one find depictions of God, or Prophets forbidden? | Jewish and some Christian theology | [
"Muslim_world\n\nNo Islamic visual images or depictions of God are meant to exist because it is believed that such artistic depictions may lead to idolatry. Moreover, Muslims believe that God is incorporeal, making any two- or three- dimensional depictions impossible. Instead, Muslims describe God by the names and ... |
57300951947a6a140053cfc0 | What is the repetitive use of geometric floral designs known as in Islamic art? | arabesque | [
"Muslim_world\n\nIslamic art frequently adopts the use of geometrical floral or vegetal designs in a repetition known as arabesque. Such designs are highly nonrepresentational, as Islam forbids representational depictions as found in pre-Islamic pagan religions. Despite this, there is a presence of depictional art ... |
57300951947a6a140053cfc1 | Islam forbade types of art found in what religions? | pre-Islamic pagan religions | [
"Muslim_world\n\nIslamic art frequently adopts the use of geometrical floral or vegetal designs in a repetition known as arabesque. Such designs are highly nonrepresentational, as Islam forbids representational depictions as found in pre-Islamic pagan religions. Despite this, there is a presence of depictional art ... |
57300951947a6a140053cfc2 | Miniature paintings of the Ottoman empire featured what kind of subjects? | people and animals | [
"Muslim_world\n\nIslamic art frequently adopts the use of geometrical floral or vegetal designs in a repetition known as arabesque. Such designs are highly nonrepresentational, as Islam forbids representational depictions as found in pre-Islamic pagan religions. Despite this, there is a presence of depictional art ... |
57300951947a6a140053cfc3 | In mosques domes may have what kind of scripts decorating them? | kufic and naskh scripts | [
"Muslim_world\n\nIslamic art frequently adopts the use of geometrical floral or vegetal designs in a repetition known as arabesque. Such designs are highly nonrepresentational, as Islam forbids representational depictions as found in pre-Islamic pagan religions. Despite this, there is a presence of depictional art ... |
57300951947a6a140053cfc4 | What is one reason the art of Islam may be abstract? | to symbolize the transcendence, indivisible and infinite nature of God | [
"Muslim_world\n\nIslamic art frequently adopts the use of geometrical floral or vegetal designs in a repetition known as arabesque. Such designs are highly nonrepresentational, as Islam forbids representational depictions as found in pre-Islamic pagan religions. Despite this, there is a presence of depictional art ... |
573009dfb2c2fd140056877f | What are the main distinctive features of Islamic architecture? | ordered repetition, radiating structures, and rhythmic, metric patterns | [
"Muslim_world\n\nDistinguishing motifs of Islamic architecture have always been ordered repetition, radiating structures, and rhythmic, metric patterns. In this respect, fractal geometry has been a key utility, especially for mosques and palaces. Other features employed as motifs include columns, piers and arches, ... |
573009dfb2c2fd1400568780 | What physical characteristics are common in Islamic architecture? | columns, piers and arches | [
"Muslim_world\n\nDistinguishing motifs of Islamic architecture have always been ordered repetition, radiating structures, and rhythmic, metric patterns. In this respect, fractal geometry has been a key utility, especially for mosques and palaces. Other features employed as motifs include columns, piers and arches, ... |
573009dfb2c2fd1400568781 | When did domes first appear in the architecture of the Muslim World? | 691 | [
"Muslim_world\n\nDistinguishing motifs of Islamic architecture have always been ordered repetition, radiating structures, and rhythmic, metric patterns. In this respect, fractal geometry has been a key utility, especially for mosques and palaces. Other features employed as motifs include columns, piers and arches, ... |
573009dfb2c2fd1400568782 | Which mosque is believed to be the first with a dome? | Dome of the Rock mosque | [
"Muslim_world\n\nDistinguishing motifs of Islamic architecture have always been ordered repetition, radiating structures, and rhythmic, metric patterns. In this respect, fractal geometry has been a key utility, especially for mosques and palaces. Other features employed as motifs include columns, piers and arches, ... |
573009dfb2c2fd1400568783 | When was the Taj Mahal constructed? | 17th century | [
"Muslim_world\n\nDistinguishing motifs of Islamic architecture have always been ordered repetition, radiating structures, and rhythmic, metric patterns. In this respect, fractal geometry has been a key utility, especially for mosques and palaces. Other features employed as motifs include columns, piers and arches, ... |
57300a8aa23a5019007fccab | What is another name for the Shamsi Hijri calender? | The Solar Hijri calendar | [
"Muslim_world\n\nThe Solar Hijri calendar, also called the Shamsi Hijri calendar, and abbreviated as SH, is the official calendar of Iran and Afghanistan. It begins on the vernal equinox. Each of the twelve months corresponds with a zodiac sign. The first six months have 31 days, the next five have 30 days, and the... |
57300a8aa23a5019007fccac | What is one way to abbreviate the Solar Hiljri calender? | SH | [
"Muslim_world\n\nThe Solar Hijri calendar, also called the Shamsi Hijri calendar, and abbreviated as SH, is the official calendar of Iran and Afghanistan. It begins on the vernal equinox. Each of the twelve months corresponds with a zodiac sign. The first six months have 31 days, the next five have 30 days, and the... |
57300a8aa23a5019007fccad | What is the customary calendar of Iran? | the Shamsi Hijri calendar | [
"Muslim_world\n\nThe Solar Hijri calendar, also called the Shamsi Hijri calendar, and abbreviated as SH, is the official calendar of Iran and Afghanistan. It begins on the vernal equinox. Each of the twelve months corresponds with a zodiac sign. The first six months have 31 days, the next five have 30 days, and the... |
57300a8aa23a5019007fccae | How many months are in the Shamsi Hijri calendar? | twelve months | [
"Muslim_world\n\nThe Solar Hijri calendar, also called the Shamsi Hijri calendar, and abbreviated as SH, is the official calendar of Iran and Afghanistan. It begins on the vernal equinox. Each of the twelve months corresponds with a zodiac sign. The first six months have 31 days, the next five have 30 days, and the... |
57300a8aa23a5019007fccaf | What is the first year of the Shamsi Hijri Calender based on? | Prophet Muhammad's migration to Medina | [
"Muslim_world\n\nThe Solar Hijri calendar, also called the Shamsi Hijri calendar, and abbreviated as SH, is the official calendar of Iran and Afghanistan. It begins on the vernal equinox. Each of the twelve months corresponds with a zodiac sign. The first six months have 31 days, the next five have 30 days, and the... |
57300b6404bcaa1900d7706d | How many Muslim nations require women to cover their legs, shoulders, or whole body? | a small minority | [
"Muslim_world\n\nIn a small minority of Muslim countries, the law requires women to cover either just legs, shoulders and head or the whole body apart from the face. In strictest forms, the face as well must be covered leaving just a mesh to see through. These rules for dressing cause tensions, concerning particula... |
57300b6404bcaa1900d7706e | What are the restrictions on the dress of Muslim women considered in the West? | sexist and oppressive | [
"Muslim_world\n\nIn a small minority of Muslim countries, the law requires women to cover either just legs, shoulders and head or the whole body apart from the face. In strictest forms, the face as well must be covered leaving just a mesh to see through. These rules for dressing cause tensions, concerning particula... |
57300b6404bcaa1900d7706f | Why do some Muslims oppose allowing women to reveal more of themselves? | women to reveal too much in order to be deemed attractive | [
"Muslim_world\n\nIn a small minority of Muslim countries, the law requires women to cover either just legs, shoulders and head or the whole body apart from the face. In strictest forms, the face as well must be covered leaving just a mesh to see through. These rules for dressing cause tensions, concerning particula... |
57300b6404bcaa1900d77070 | In its most strict style what must a woman cover in some Muslim nations? | the face | [
"Muslim_world\n\nIn a small minority of Muslim countries, the law requires women to cover either just legs, shoulders and head or the whole body apart from the face. In strictest forms, the face as well must be covered leaving just a mesh to see through. These rules for dressing cause tensions, concerning particula... |
572fed82947a6a140053ce10 | Which country borders Iran to Iran's northwest? | Armenia | [
"Iran\n\nIran (/aɪˈræn/ or i/ɪˈrɑːn/; Persian: Irān – ایران [ʔiːˈɾɒːn] ( listen)), also known as Persia (/ˈpɜːrʒə/ or /ˈpɜːrʃə/), officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (جمهوری اسلامی ایران – Jomhuri ye Eslāmi ye Irān [d͡ʒomhuːˌɾije eslɒːˌmije ʔiːˈɾɒːn]), is a sovereign state in Western Asia. It is bordered to t... |
572fed82947a6a140053ce11 | What is Iran's land mass in square miles? | 636,372 sq mi | [
"Iran\n\nIran (/aɪˈræn/ or i/ɪˈrɑːn/; Persian: Irān – ایران [ʔiːˈɾɒːn] ( listen)), also known as Persia (/ˈpɜːrʒə/ or /ˈpɜːrʃə/), officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (جمهوری اسلامی ایران – Jomhuri ye Eslāmi ye Irān [d͡ʒomhuːˌɾije eslɒːˌmije ʔiːˈɾɒːn]), is a sovereign state in Western Asia. It is bordered to t... |
572fed82947a6a140053ce12 | How many people live in Iran? | 78.4 million | [
"Iran\n\nIran (/aɪˈræn/ or i/ɪˈrɑːn/; Persian: Irān – ایران [ʔiːˈɾɒːn] ( listen)), also known as Persia (/ˈpɜːrʒə/ or /ˈpɜːrʃə/), officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (جمهوری اسلامی ایران – Jomhuri ye Eslāmi ye Irān [d͡ʒomhuːˌɾije eslɒːˌmije ʔiːˈɾɒːn]), is a sovereign state in Western Asia. It is bordered to t... |
572fed82947a6a140053ce13 | What is the unofficial name for Iran? | Persia | [
"Iran\n\nIran (/aɪˈræn/ or i/ɪˈrɑːn/; Persian: Irān – ایران [ʔiːˈɾɒːn] ( listen)), also known as Persia (/ˈpɜːrʒə/ or /ˈpɜːrʃə/), officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (جمهوری اسلامی ایران – Jomhuri ye Eslāmi ye Irān [d͡ʒomhuːˌɾije eslɒːˌmije ʔiːˈɾɒːn]), is a sovereign state in Western Asia. It is bordered to t... |
572fed82947a6a140053ce14 | What is Iran's official country name? | the Islamic Republic of Iran | [
"Iran\n\nIran (/aɪˈræn/ or i/ɪˈrɑːn/; Persian: Irān – ایران [ʔiːˈɾɒːn] ( listen)), also known as Persia (/ˈpɜːrʒə/ or /ˈpɜːrʃə/), officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (جمهوری اسلامی ایران – Jomhuri ye Eslāmi ye Irān [d͡ʒomhuːˌɾije eslɒːˌmije ʔiːˈɾɒːn]), is a sovereign state in Western Asia. It is bordered to t... |
572fee8db2c2fd14005685ff | What civilizations formed in Iran during 3200-2800 BC? | the Proto-Elamite and Elamite kingdoms | [
"Iran\n\nIran is home to one of the world's oldest civilizations, beginning with the formation of the Proto-Elamite and Elamite kingdoms in 3200–2800 BC. The Iranian Medes unified the area into the first of many empires in 625 BC, after which it became the dominant cultural and political power in the region. Iran r... |
572fee8db2c2fd1400568600 | When did the Iranian Medes first unify an empire in the area? | 625 BC | [
"Iran\n\nIran is home to one of the world's oldest civilizations, beginning with the formation of the Proto-Elamite and Elamite kingdoms in 3200–2800 BC. The Iranian Medes unified the area into the first of many empires in 625 BC, after which it became the dominant cultural and political power in the region. Iran r... |
572fee8db2c2fd1400568601 | Who found the Archaemenid Empire in 550 BC? | Cyrus the Great | [
"Iran\n\nIran is home to one of the world's oldest civilizations, beginning with the formation of the Proto-Elamite and Elamite kingdoms in 3200–2800 BC. The Iranian Medes unified the area into the first of many empires in 625 BC, after which it became the dominant cultural and political power in the region. Iran r... |
572fee8db2c2fd1400568602 | When did the Archaemenid Empire collapse? | 330 BC | [
"Iran\n\nIran is home to one of the world's oldest civilizations, beginning with the formation of the Proto-Elamite and Elamite kingdoms in 3200–2800 BC. The Iranian Medes unified the area into the first of many empires in 625 BC, after which it became the dominant cultural and political power in the region. Iran r... |
572fee8db2c2fd1400568603 | Who ended the Archaemenid Empire by conquest in 330 BC? | Alexander the Great | [
"Iran\n\nIran is home to one of the world's oldest civilizations, beginning with the formation of the Proto-Elamite and Elamite kingdoms in 3200–2800 BC. The Iranian Medes unified the area into the first of many empires in 625 BC, after which it became the dominant cultural and political power in the region. Iran r... |
572fefaeb2c2fd1400568609 | What year did the Rashidun Arabs invade Iran? | 633 AD | [
"Iran\n\nIn 633 AD, Rashidun Arabs invaded Iran and conquered it by 651 AD, largely converting Iranian people from their indigenous faiths of Manichaeism and Zoroastrianism to Sunni Islam. Arabic replaced Persian as the official language, while Persian remained the language of both ordinary people and of literature... |
572fefaeb2c2fd140056860a | What year did the Rashidun Arabs conquer Iran? | 651 AD | [
"Iran\n\nIn 633 AD, Rashidun Arabs invaded Iran and conquered it by 651 AD, largely converting Iranian people from their indigenous faiths of Manichaeism and Zoroastrianism to Sunni Islam. Arabic replaced Persian as the official language, while Persian remained the language of both ordinary people and of literature... |
572fefaeb2c2fd140056860b | What religion did the Rashidun Arabs convert the indigenous conquered peoples to? | Sunni Islam | [
"Iran\n\nIn 633 AD, Rashidun Arabs invaded Iran and conquered it by 651 AD, largely converting Iranian people from their indigenous faiths of Manichaeism and Zoroastrianism to Sunni Islam. Arabic replaced Persian as the official language, while Persian remained the language of both ordinary people and of literature... |
572fefaeb2c2fd140056860c | Which country took over Iran's territories in the Caucasus in the 19th Century? | Imperial Russia | [
"Iran\n\nIn 633 AD, Rashidun Arabs invaded Iran and conquered it by 651 AD, largely converting Iranian people from their indigenous faiths of Manichaeism and Zoroastrianism to Sunni Islam. Arabic replaced Persian as the official language, while Persian remained the language of both ordinary people and of literature... |
572fefaeb2c2fd140056860d | What movement led to Iran becoming an Islamic republic in 1979? | 1979 Revolution | [
"Iran\n\nIn 633 AD, Rashidun Arabs invaded Iran and conquered it by 651 AD, largely converting Iranian people from their indigenous faiths of Manichaeism and Zoroastrianism to Sunni Islam. Arabic replaced Persian as the official language, while Persian remained the language of both ordinary people and of literature... |
572ff0a2947a6a140053ce36 | What city is Iran's capital? | Tehran | [
"Iran\n\nTehran is the country's capital and largest city, as well as its leading cultural and economic center. Iran is a major regional and middle power, exerting considerable influence in international energy security and the world economy through its large reserves of fossil fuels, which include the largest natu... |
572ff0a2947a6a140053ce37 | What resource does Iran have the largest supply of in the world? | natural gas | [
"Iran\n\nTehran is the country's capital and largest city, as well as its leading cultural and economic center. Iran is a major regional and middle power, exerting considerable influence in international energy security and the world economy through its large reserves of fossil fuels, which include the largest natu... |
572ff0a2947a6a140053ce38 | What resource does Iran have the fourth largest supply of in the world? | proven oil reserves | [
"Iran\n\nTehran is the country's capital and largest city, as well as its leading cultural and economic center. Iran is a major regional and middle power, exerting considerable influence in international energy security and the world economy through its large reserves of fossil fuels, which include the largest natu... |
572ff0a2947a6a140053ce39 | How many UNESCO World Heritage Sites does Iran have? | 19 | [
"Iran\n\nTehran is the country's capital and largest city, as well as its leading cultural and economic center. Iran is a major regional and middle power, exerting considerable influence in international energy security and the world economy through its large reserves of fossil fuels, which include the largest natu... |
572ff0a2947a6a140053ce3a | How does Iran effect the world economy and international energy markets? | through its large reserves of fossil fuels | [
"Iran\n\nTehran is the country's capital and largest city, as well as its leading cultural and economic center. Iran is a major regional and middle power, exerting considerable influence in international energy security and the world economy through its large reserves of fossil fuels, which include the largest natu... |
572ff27bb2c2fd1400568627 | What century did terms referencing Iran begin to be recorded? | 3rd-century | [
"Iran\n\nThe term Iran derives directly from Middle Persian Ērān, first attested in a 3rd-century inscription at Rustam Relief, with the accompanying Parthian inscription using the term Aryān, in reference to Iranians. The Middle Iranian ērān and aryān are oblique plural forms of gentilic ēr- (Middle Persian) and a... |
572ff27bb2c2fd1400568628 | What inscription referenced the term Aryan to Iranians? | Parthian | [
"Iran\n\nThe term Iran derives directly from Middle Persian Ērān, first attested in a 3rd-century inscription at Rustam Relief, with the accompanying Parthian inscription using the term Aryān, in reference to Iranians. The Middle Iranian ērān and aryān are oblique plural forms of gentilic ēr- (Middle Persian) and a... |
572ff27bb2c2fd1400568629 | What Proto-Indo-European term means "skillful assembler?" | *ar-yo- | [
"Iran\n\nThe term Iran derives directly from Middle Persian Ērān, first attested in a 3rd-century inscription at Rustam Relief, with the accompanying Parthian inscription using the term Aryān, in reference to Iranians. The Middle Iranian ērān and aryān are oblique plural forms of gentilic ēr- (Middle Persian) and a... |
572ff27bb2c2fd140056862a | What other term in the 3rd Century besides Aryan also refer to Iran? | Ērān | [
"Iran\n\nThe term Iran derives directly from Middle Persian Ērān, first attested in a 3rd-century inscription at Rustam Relief, with the accompanying Parthian inscription using the term Aryān, in reference to Iranians. The Middle Iranian ērān and aryān are oblique plural forms of gentilic ēr- (Middle Persian) and a... |
572ff27bb2c2fd140056862b | What is attested as a self-identifier in Iranian languages? | the gentilic | [
"Iran\n\nThe term Iran derives directly from Middle Persian Ērān, first attested in a 3rd-century inscription at Rustam Relief, with the accompanying Parthian inscription using the term Aryān, in reference to Iranians. The Middle Iranian ērān and aryān are oblique plural forms of gentilic ēr- (Middle Persian) and a... |
572ff3e2947a6a140053ce70 | Which historians referred to Iran as Persis? | Greek historians | [
"Iran\n\nHistorically, Iran has been referred to as Persia by the West, due mainly to the writings of Greek historians who called Iran Persis (Greek: Περσίς), meaning \"land of the Persians.\" As the most extensive interactions the Ancient Greeks had with any outsider was with the Persians, the term persisted, even... |
572ff3e2947a6a140053ce71 | What has the West historically referred Iran as? | Persia | [
"Iran\n\nHistorically, Iran has been referred to as Persia by the West, due mainly to the writings of Greek historians who called Iran Persis (Greek: Περσίς), meaning \"land of the Persians.\" As the most extensive interactions the Ancient Greeks had with any outsider was with the Persians, the term persisted, even... |
572ff3e2947a6a140053ce72 | When did Persians settle on the west shore of Lake Urmia? | the 9th century BC | [
"Iran\n\nHistorically, Iran has been referred to as Persia by the West, due mainly to the writings of Greek historians who called Iran Persis (Greek: Περσίς), meaning \"land of the Persians.\" As the most extensive interactions the Ancient Greeks had with any outsider was with the Persians, the term persisted, even... |
572ff3e2947a6a140053ce73 | After Lake Urmia, Persis then shifted over to what region? | the southern end of the Zagros Mountains, | [
"Iran\n\nHistorically, Iran has been referred to as Persia by the West, due mainly to the writings of Greek historians who called Iran Persis (Greek: Περσίς), meaning \"land of the Persians.\" As the most extensive interactions the Ancient Greeks had with any outsider was with the Persians, the term persisted, even... |
572ff3e2947a6a140053ce74 | What is Persis known as today? | Fars Province | [
"Iran\n\nHistorically, Iran has been referred to as Persia by the West, due mainly to the writings of Greek historians who called Iran Persis (Greek: Περσίς), meaning \"land of the Persians.\" As the most extensive interactions the Ancient Greeks had with any outsider was with the Persians, the term persisted, even... |
572ff633a23a5019007fcbbb | When did Reza Shan request that Iran officially be referred to as Iran and not Persia? | 1935 | [
"Iran\n\nIn 1935, Reza Shah requested the international community to refer to the country by its native name, Iran. As the New York Times explained at the time, \"At the suggestion of the Persian Legation in Berlin, the Tehran government, on the Persian New Year, Nowruz, March 21, 1935, substituted Iran for Persia ... |
572ff633a23a5019007fcbbc | Which newspaper reported the official name request in 1935? | New York Times | [
"Iran\n\nIn 1935, Reza Shah requested the international community to refer to the country by its native name, Iran. As the New York Times explained at the time, \"At the suggestion of the Persian Legation in Berlin, the Tehran government, on the Persian New Year, Nowruz, March 21, 1935, substituted Iran for Persia ... |
572ff633a23a5019007fcbbd | Who endorsed a move to use Persia and Iran interchangeably after opposition to the official name change? | Professor Ehsan Yarshater | [
"Iran\n\nIn 1935, Reza Shah requested the international community to refer to the country by its native name, Iran. As the New York Times explained at the time, \"At the suggestion of the Persian Legation in Berlin, the Tehran government, on the Persian New Year, Nowruz, March 21, 1935, substituted Iran for Persia ... |
572ff633a23a5019007fcbbe | Which name is officially used politically? | Iran | [
"Iran\n\nIn 1935, Reza Shah requested the international community to refer to the country by its native name, Iran. As the New York Times explained at the time, \"At the suggestion of the Persian Legation in Berlin, the Tehran government, on the Persian New Year, Nowruz, March 21, 1935, substituted Iran for Persia ... |
572ff7df947a6a140053cea2 | How long ago were the earliest artifacts from that were evidence of humans in Iran? | the Lower Paleolithic era, c. 800,000–200,000 BC | [
"Iran\n\nThe earliest archaeological artifacts in Iran, like those excavated at the Kashafrud and Ganj Par sites, attest to a human presence in Iran since the Lower Paleolithic era, c. 800,000–200,000 BC. Iran's Neanderthal artifacts from the Middle Paleolithic period, c. 200,000–40,000 BC, have been found mainly i... |
572ff7df947a6a140053cea3 | What region of Iran did Neanderthal artifacts from the Middle Paleolithic Period were found? | the Zagros region | [
"Iran\n\nThe earliest archaeological artifacts in Iran, like those excavated at the Kashafrud and Ganj Par sites, attest to a human presence in Iran since the Lower Paleolithic era, c. 800,000–200,000 BC. Iran's Neanderthal artifacts from the Middle Paleolithic period, c. 200,000–40,000 BC, have been found mainly i... |
572ff7df947a6a140053cea4 | When did early agricultural communities in Iran begin to appear and prosper? | 10th to 8th millennium BC | [
"Iran\n\nThe earliest archaeological artifacts in Iran, like those excavated at the Kashafrud and Ganj Par sites, attest to a human presence in Iran since the Lower Paleolithic era, c. 800,000–200,000 BC. Iran's Neanderthal artifacts from the Middle Paleolithic period, c. 200,000–40,000 BC, have been found mainly i... |
572ff7df947a6a140053cea5 | What were dug up from the archaeological sites Kashafrud and Ganj Par in Iran? | The earliest archaeological artifacts in Iran | [
"Iran\n\nThe earliest archaeological artifacts in Iran, like those excavated at the Kashafrud and Ganj Par sites, attest to a human presence in Iran since the Lower Paleolithic era, c. 800,000–200,000 BC. Iran's Neanderthal artifacts from the Middle Paleolithic period, c. 200,000–40,000 BC, have been found mainly i... |
572ff927947a6a140053cebe | What ancient city dates back as early as 4395 BC in Iran? | Susa | [
"Iran\n\nThe emergence of Susa as a city, as determined by radiocarbon dating, dates back to early 4,395 BC. There are dozens of prehistoric sites across the Iranian plateau, pointing to the existence of ancient cultures and urban settlements in the 4th millennium BC. During the Bronze Age, Iran was home to several... |
572ff927947a6a140053cebf | How long ago did ancient cultures and settlements exist across the Iranian plateau? | the 4th millennium BC | [
"Iran\n\nThe emergence of Susa as a city, as determined by radiocarbon dating, dates back to early 4,395 BC. There are dozens of prehistoric sites across the Iranian plateau, pointing to the existence of ancient cultures and urban settlements in the 4th millennium BC. During the Bronze Age, Iran was home to several... |
572ff927947a6a140053cec0 | During what Age was Iran the site of several of these ancient civilizations? | Bronze Age | [
"Iran\n\nThe emergence of Susa as a city, as determined by radiocarbon dating, dates back to early 4,395 BC. There are dozens of prehistoric sites across the Iranian plateau, pointing to the existence of ancient cultures and urban settlements in the 4th millennium BC. During the Bronze Age, Iran was home to several... |
572ff927947a6a140053cec1 | Which ancient civilization in Iran during the 4th Millenium was the most prominent? | Elam | [
"Iran\n\nThe emergence of Susa as a city, as determined by radiocarbon dating, dates back to early 4,395 BC. There are dozens of prehistoric sites across the Iranian plateau, pointing to the existence of ancient cultures and urban settlements in the 4th millennium BC. During the Bronze Age, Iran was home to several... |
572ff927947a6a140053cec2 | Elam's writing system had paralleled Sumer's cuneiform since what era? | the 3rd millennium BC | [
"Iran\n\nThe emergence of Susa as a city, as determined by radiocarbon dating, dates back to early 4,395 BC. There are dozens of prehistoric sites across the Iranian plateau, pointing to the existence of ancient cultures and urban settlements in the 4th millennium BC. During the Bronze Age, Iran was home to several... |
572ffa37947a6a140053cec8 | Who dominated the area of Irea between the 10th Century BC to the late 7th Century BC? | the Assyrian Empire | [
"Iran\n\nFrom the late 10th to late 7th centuries BC, the Iranian peoples, together with the pre-Iranian kingdoms, fell under the domination of the Assyrian Empire, based in northern Mesopotamia. Under king Cyaxares, the Medes and Persians entered into an alliance with Nabopolassar of Babylon, as well as the Scythi... |
572ffa37947a6a140053cec9 | Who lead the Persians into a coalition with the Medes, Babylon, Scythians, and Cimmerians to fight against the Assyrians? | king Cyaxares | [
"Iran\n\nFrom the late 10th to late 7th centuries BC, the Iranian peoples, together with the pre-Iranian kingdoms, fell under the domination of the Assyrian Empire, based in northern Mesopotamia. Under king Cyaxares, the Medes and Persians entered into an alliance with Nabopolassar of Babylon, as well as the Scythi... |
572ffa37947a6a140053ceca | When did this Civil War take place to free the Iranian peoples from Assyrian rule? | between 616 BC and 605 BC | [
"Iran\n\nFrom the late 10th to late 7th centuries BC, the Iranian peoples, together with the pre-Iranian kingdoms, fell under the domination of the Assyrian Empire, based in northern Mesopotamia. Under king Cyaxares, the Medes and Persians entered into an alliance with Nabopolassar of Babylon, as well as the Scythi... |
572ffa37947a6a140053cecb | How long did the Assyrian Empire control and rule Iran? | three centuries | [
"Iran\n\nFrom the late 10th to late 7th centuries BC, the Iranian peoples, together with the pre-Iranian kingdoms, fell under the domination of the Assyrian Empire, based in northern Mesopotamia. Under king Cyaxares, the Medes and Persians entered into an alliance with Nabopolassar of Babylon, as well as the Scythi... |
572ffa37947a6a140053cecc | When did the Median tribes unify under a single ruler to form the Median Empire? | 728 BC | [
"Iran\n\nFrom the late 10th to late 7th centuries BC, the Iranian peoples, together with the pre-Iranian kingdoms, fell under the domination of the Assyrian Empire, based in northern Mesopotamia. Under king Cyaxares, the Medes and Persians entered into an alliance with Nabopolassar of Babylon, as well as the Scythi... |
572ffbc2b2c2fd14005686d3 | Who founded the Achaemenid Empire when the city states in Iran came together in unification? | Cyrus the Great | [
"Iran\n\nIn 550 BC, Cyrus the Great, son of Mandane and Cambyses I, took over the Median Empire, and founded the Achaemenid Empire by unifying other city states. The conquest of Media was a result of what is called the Persian Revolt. The brouhaha was initially triggered by the actions of the Median ruler Astyages,... |
572ffbc2b2c2fd14005686d4 | When did Cyrus the Great found the Achaemenid Empire? | 550 BC | [
"Iran\n\nIn 550 BC, Cyrus the Great, son of Mandane and Cambyses I, took over the Median Empire, and founded the Achaemenid Empire by unifying other city states. The conquest of Media was a result of what is called the Persian Revolt. The brouhaha was initially triggered by the actions of the Median ruler Astyages,... |
572ffbc2b2c2fd14005686d5 | Who triggered the Persian Revolt? | the Median ruler Astyages | [
"Iran\n\nIn 550 BC, Cyrus the Great, son of Mandane and Cambyses I, took over the Median Empire, and founded the Achaemenid Empire by unifying other city states. The conquest of Media was a result of what is called the Persian Revolt. The brouhaha was initially triggered by the actions of the Median ruler Astyages,... |
572ffbc2b2c2fd14005686d6 | What resulted from the Persian Revolt? | The conquest of Media | [
"Iran\n\nIn 550 BC, Cyrus the Great, son of Mandane and Cambyses I, took over the Median Empire, and founded the Achaemenid Empire by unifying other city states. The conquest of Media was a result of what is called the Persian Revolt. The brouhaha was initially triggered by the actions of the Median ruler Astyages,... |
572ffd1b04bcaa1900d76fbd | What was the first world goverment the world had seen at the time it existed? | the Achaemenid Empire | [
"Iran\n\nAt its greatest extent, the Achaemenid Empire included the modern territories of Iran, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Turkey, much of the Black Sea coastal regions, northeastern Greece and southern Bulgaria (Thrace), northern Greece and Macedonia (Paeonia and Ancient Macedon), Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, ... |
572ffd1b04bcaa1900d76fbe | What was the largest empire the world had seen at the time it existed? | the Achaemenid Empire | [
"Iran\n\nAt its greatest extent, the Achaemenid Empire included the modern territories of Iran, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Turkey, much of the Black Sea coastal regions, northeastern Greece and southern Bulgaria (Thrace), northern Greece and Macedonia (Paeonia and Ancient Macedon), Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, ... |
572ffd1b04bcaa1900d76fbf | What sea did the Achaemenid Empire control the majority of the coastal regions of? | the Black Sea | [
"Iran\n\nAt its greatest extent, the Achaemenid Empire included the modern territories of Iran, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Turkey, much of the Black Sea coastal regions, northeastern Greece and southern Bulgaria (Thrace), northern Greece and Macedonia (Paeonia and Ancient Macedon), Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, ... |
572ffd1b04bcaa1900d76fc0 | The Achaemenid Empire expanded into what part of Asia? | Central Asia | [
"Iran\n\nAt its greatest extent, the Achaemenid Empire included the modern territories of Iran, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Turkey, much of the Black Sea coastal regions, northeastern Greece and southern Bulgaria (Thrace), northern Greece and Macedonia (Paeonia and Ancient Macedon), Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, ... |
572ffd1b04bcaa1900d76fc1 | The Achaemenid Empire controlled all of the significant settlements of what ancient country during its greatest extent? | ancient Egypt | [
"Iran\n\nAt its greatest extent, the Achaemenid Empire included the modern territories of Iran, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Turkey, much of the Black Sea coastal regions, northeastern Greece and southern Bulgaria (Thrace), northern Greece and Macedonia (Paeonia and Ancient Macedon), Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, ... |
572ffe22947a6a140053cf0a | The Achaemenid Empire was the known enemy of what nation's histories during its existence? | the Greek city states | [
"Iran\n\nIt is estimated that in 480 BC, 50 million people lived in the Achaemenid Empire. The empire at its peak ruled over 44% of the world's population, the highest such figure for any empire in history. In Greek history, the Achaemenid Empire is considered as the antagonist of the Greek city states, for the ema... |
572ffe22947a6a140053cf0b | How many people lived in the Archaemenid Empire in 480BC? | 50 million people | [
"Iran\n\nIt is estimated that in 480 BC, 50 million people lived in the Achaemenid Empire. The empire at its peak ruled over 44% of the world's population, the highest such figure for any empire in history. In Greek history, the Achaemenid Empire is considered as the antagonist of the Greek city states, for the ema... |
572ffe22947a6a140053cf0c | The Achaemenid Empire had what percentage of the word's population in 480BC? | 44% of the world's population | [
"Iran\n\nIt is estimated that in 480 BC, 50 million people lived in the Achaemenid Empire. The empire at its peak ruled over 44% of the world's population, the highest such figure for any empire in history. In Greek history, the Achaemenid Empire is considered as the antagonist of the Greek city states, for the ema... |
572ffe22947a6a140053cf0d | What was the Achaemenid Empire's official language? | Imperial Aramaic | [
"Iran\n\nIt is estimated that in 480 BC, 50 million people lived in the Achaemenid Empire. The empire at its peak ruled over 44% of the world's population, the highest such figure for any empire in history. In Greek history, the Achaemenid Empire is considered as the antagonist of the Greek city states, for the ema... |
572ffe22947a6a140053cf0e | What Seven Wonder of the Ancient world was built by the Archaemenid Empire in the 4th Century BC? | the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus | [
"Iran\n\nIt is estimated that in 480 BC, 50 million people lived in the Achaemenid Empire. The empire at its peak ruled over 44% of the world's population, the highest such figure for any empire in history. In Greek history, the Achaemenid Empire is considered as the antagonist of the Greek city states, for the ema... |
572ffeec04bcaa1900d76fdb | Who invaded the Archaemenid Empire in 334BC? | Alexander the Great | [
"Iran\n\nIn 334 BC, Alexander the Great invaded the Achaemenid Empire, defeating the last Achaemenid emperor, Darius III, at the Battle of Issus. Following the premature death of Alexander, Iran came under the control of the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire. In the middle of the 2nd century BC, the Parthian Empire rose ... |
572ffeec04bcaa1900d76fdc | Who was the last Archaemenid Emperor at the time of its defeat by Alexander the Great? | Darius III | [
"Iran\n\nIn 334 BC, Alexander the Great invaded the Achaemenid Empire, defeating the last Achaemenid emperor, Darius III, at the Battle of Issus. Following the premature death of Alexander, Iran came under the control of the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire. In the middle of the 2nd century BC, the Parthian Empire rose ... |
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