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573147db05b4da19006bcfb5
What is the most common example of a machine vision system?
Barcode scanners
[ "Light-emitting_diode\n\nMachine vision systems often require bright and homogeneous illumination, so features of interest are easier to process. LEDs are often used for this purpose, and this is likely to remain one of their major uses until the price drops low enough to make signaling and illumination uses more w...
573147db05b4da19006bcfb6
Where are some LEDs in machine vision systems found?
Optical computer mice
[ "Light-emitting_diode\n\nMachine vision systems often require bright and homogeneous illumination, so features of interest are easier to process. LEDs are often used for this purpose, and this is likely to remain one of their major uses until the price drops low enough to make signaling and illumination uses more w...
573148d2e6313a140071cdc4
Where are LEDs often used?
free space optics communications
[ "Light-emitting_diode\n\nThe light from LEDs can be modulated very quickly so they are used extensively in optical fiber and free space optics communications. This includes remote controls, such as for TVs, VCRs, and LED Computers, where infrared LEDs are often used. Opto-isolators use an LED combined with a photod...
573148d2e6313a140071cdc5
What is an example of a device that uses free space optic communications?
remote controls
[ "Light-emitting_diode\n\nThe light from LEDs can be modulated very quickly so they are used extensively in optical fiber and free space optics communications. This includes remote controls, such as for TVs, VCRs, and LED Computers, where infrared LEDs are often used. Opto-isolators use an LED combined with a photod...
573148d2e6313a140071cdc6
What does an optoisolator do?
allows information to be transferred between circuits not sharing a common ground potential
[ "Light-emitting_diode\n\nThe light from LEDs can be modulated very quickly so they are used extensively in optical fiber and free space optics communications. This includes remote controls, such as for TVs, VCRs, and LED Computers, where infrared LEDs are often used. Opto-isolators use an LED combined with a photod...
573148d2e6313a140071cdc7
Where are opto-isolators found?
medical equipment
[ "Light-emitting_diode\n\nThe light from LEDs can be modulated very quickly so they are used extensively in optical fiber and free space optics communications. This includes remote controls, such as for TVs, VCRs, and LED Computers, where infrared LEDs are often used. Opto-isolators use an LED combined with a photod...
573148d2e6313a140071cdc8
In what common household item can you find infrared LEDs?
LED Computers
[ "Light-emitting_diode\n\nThe light from LEDs can be modulated very quickly so they are used extensively in optical fiber and free space optics communications. This includes remote controls, such as for TVs, VCRs, and LED Computers, where infrared LEDs are often used. Opto-isolators use an LED combined with a photod...
573149e7e6313a140071cdce
What video game console uses infrared LEDs?
Nintendo Wii
[ "Light-emitting_diode\n\nMany sensor systems rely on light as the signal source. LEDs are often ideal as a light source due to the requirements of the sensors. LEDs are used as motion sensors, for example in optical computer mice. The Nintendo Wii's sensor bar uses infrared LEDs. Pulse oximeters use them for measur...
573149e7e6313a140071cdcf
What device uses infrared LEDs to measure oxygen saturation?
Pulse oximeters
[ "Light-emitting_diode\n\nMany sensor systems rely on light as the signal source. LEDs are often ideal as a light source due to the requirements of the sensors. LEDs are used as motion sensors, for example in optical computer mice. The Nintendo Wii's sensor bar uses infrared LEDs. Pulse oximeters use them for measur...
573149e7e6313a140071cdd0
Some flatbed scanners use what type of LED?
RGB LEDs
[ "Light-emitting_diode\n\nMany sensor systems rely on light as the signal source. LEDs are often ideal as a light source due to the requirements of the sensors. LEDs are used as motion sensors, for example in optical computer mice. The Nintendo Wii's sensor bar uses infrared LEDs. Pulse oximeters use them for measur...
573149e7e6313a140071cdd1
By using LEDs, scanners do not have to what?
warm-up
[ "Light-emitting_diode\n\nMany sensor systems rely on light as the signal source. LEDs are often ideal as a light source due to the requirements of the sensors. LEDs are used as motion sensors, for example in optical computer mice. The Nintendo Wii's sensor bar uses infrared LEDs. Pulse oximeters use them for measur...
573149e7e6313a140071cdd2
Grow lights use LEDs for what process?
increase photosynthesis in plants
[ "Light-emitting_diode\n\nMany sensor systems rely on light as the signal source. LEDs are often ideal as a light source due to the requirements of the sensors. LEDs are used as motion sensors, for example in optical computer mice. The Nintendo Wii's sensor bar uses infrared LEDs. Pulse oximeters use them for measur...
57314ace05b4da19006bcfe2
What quality has LEDs been used as?
medium-quality
[ "Light-emitting_diode\n\nLEDs have also been used as a medium-quality voltage reference in electronic circuits. The forward voltage drop (e.g. about 1.7 V for a normal red LED) can be used instead of a Zener diode in low-voltage regulators. Red LEDs have the flattest I/V curve above the knee. Nitride-based LEDs hav...
57314ace05b4da19006bcfe3
What LED has the flattest I/V curve above the knee?
Red
[ "Light-emitting_diode\n\nLEDs have also been used as a medium-quality voltage reference in electronic circuits. The forward voltage drop (e.g. about 1.7 V for a normal red LED) can be used instead of a Zener diode in low-voltage regulators. Red LEDs have the flattest I/V curve above the knee. Nitride-based LEDs hav...
57314ace05b4da19006bcfe4
What LEDs have a very steep I/V curve?
Nitride-based LEDs
[ "Light-emitting_diode\n\nLEDs have also been used as a medium-quality voltage reference in electronic circuits. The forward voltage drop (e.g. about 1.7 V for a normal red LED) can be used instead of a Zener diode in low-voltage regulators. Red LEDs have the flattest I/V curve above the knee. Nitride-based LEDs hav...
57314ace05b4da19006bcfe5
LED forward voltage is more current-dependent than what diode?
Zener
[ "Light-emitting_diode\n\nLEDs have also been used as a medium-quality voltage reference in electronic circuits. The forward voltage drop (e.g. about 1.7 V for a normal red LED) can be used instead of a Zener diode in low-voltage regulators. Red LEDs have the flattest I/V curve above the knee. Nitride-based LEDs hav...
57314ace05b4da19006bcfe6
Zener diodes below what voltage are not widely available?
3 V
[ "Light-emitting_diode\n\nLEDs have also been used as a medium-quality voltage reference in electronic circuits. The forward voltage drop (e.g. about 1.7 V for a normal red LED) can be used instead of a Zener diode in low-voltage regulators. Red LEDs have the flattest I/V curve above the knee. Nitride-based LEDs hav...
5730d9eaf6cb411900e244ec
What was the formalization of the division of small powers and great powers?
Treaty of Chaumont
[ "Great_power\n\nThe term \"great power\" was first used to represent the most important powers in Europe during the post-Napoleonic era. The \"Great Powers\" constituted the \"Concert of Europe\" and claimed the right to joint enforcement of the postwar treaties. The formalization of the division between small powe...
5730d9eaf6cb411900e244ed
During the post Napoleonic era where were the first Great Powers concentrated?
Europe
[ "Great_power\n\nThe term \"great power\" was first used to represent the most important powers in Europe during the post-Napoleonic era. The \"Great Powers\" constituted the \"Concert of Europe\" and claimed the right to joint enforcement of the postwar treaties. The formalization of the division between small powe...
5730d9eaf6cb411900e244ee
During what 2 wars was the balance of power shift most dramatic?
World War I and World War II
[ "Great_power\n\nThe term \"great power\" was first used to represent the most important powers in Europe during the post-Napoleonic era. The \"Great Powers\" constituted the \"Concert of Europe\" and claimed the right to joint enforcement of the postwar treaties. The formalization of the division between small powe...
5730d9eaf6cb411900e244ef
What is another term for Great Power?
superpower
[ "Great_power\n\nThe term \"great power\" was first used to represent the most important powers in Europe during the post-Napoleonic era. The \"Great Powers\" constituted the \"Concert of Europe\" and claimed the right to joint enforcement of the postwar treaties. The formalization of the division between small powe...
5730d9efb54a4f140068ccac
What do great powers usually have?
military and economic strength, as well as diplomatic and soft power influence
[ "Great_power\n\nA great power is a sovereign state that is recognized as having the ability and expertise to exert its influence on a global scale. Great powers characteristically possess military and economic strength, as well as diplomatic and soft power influence, which may cause middle or small powers to consid...
5730d9efb54a4f140068ccad
What are the permanent members of UN Security Council?
China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States
[ "Great_power\n\nA great power is a sovereign state that is recognized as having the ability and expertise to exert its influence on a global scale. Great powers characteristically possess military and economic strength, as well as diplomatic and soft power influence, which may cause middle or small powers to consid...
5730d9efb54a4f140068ccae
What are the countries in the G7?
Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States of America
[ "Great_power\n\nA great power is a sovereign state that is recognized as having the ability and expertise to exert its influence on a global scale. Great powers characteristically possess military and economic strength, as well as diplomatic and soft power influence, which may cause middle or small powers to consid...
5730d9efb54a4f140068ccaf
What 3 factors have international relations theorists considered factors for great power status?
power capabilities, spatial aspects, and status dimensions
[ "Great_power\n\nA great power is a sovereign state that is recognized as having the ability and expertise to exert its influence on a global scale. Great powers characteristically possess military and economic strength, as well as diplomatic and soft power influence, which may cause middle or small powers to consid...
5730ddeab7151e1900c01590
Who wrote, "The test of a great power is the test of strength for war."?
A. J. P. Taylor
[ "Great_power\n\nEarly writings on the subject tended to judge states by the realist criterion, as expressed by the historian A. J. P. Taylor when he noted that \"The test of a great power is the test of strength for war.\" Later writers have expanded this test, attempting to define power in terms of overall militar...
5730ddeab7151e1900c01591
Whos was the founder of the neorealist theory of international relations?
Kenneth Waltz
[ "Great_power\n\nEarly writings on the subject tended to judge states by the realist criterion, as expressed by the historian A. J. P. Taylor when he noted that \"The test of a great power is the test of strength for war.\" Later writers have expanded this test, attempting to define power in terms of overall militar...
5730ddeab7151e1900c01592
What 5 criteria did neorealist use to determine great powers?
population and territory; resource endowment; economic capability; political stability and competence; and military strength
[ "Great_power\n\nEarly writings on the subject tended to judge states by the realist criterion, as expressed by the historian A. J. P. Taylor when he noted that \"The test of a great power is the test of strength for war.\" Later writers have expanded this test, attempting to define power in terms of overall militar...
5730ddeab7151e1900c01593
What 3 areas can summarize the great power determination?
power capabilities, spatial aspects, and status
[ "Great_power\n\nEarly writings on the subject tended to judge states by the realist criterion, as expressed by the historian A. J. P. Taylor when he noted that \"The test of a great power is the test of strength for war.\" Later writers have expanded this test, attempting to define power in terms of overall militar...
5730e8d2aca1c71400fe5b4f
What do all states have?
geographic scope of interests, actions, or projected power
[ "Great_power\n\nAll states have a geographic scope of interests, actions, or projected power. This is a crucial factor in distinguishing a great power from a regional power; by definition the scope of a regional power is restricted to its region. It has been suggested that a great power should be possessed of actua...
5730e8d2aca1c71400fe5b50
Who stated that "Great power may be defined as a political force exerting an effect co-extensive with the widest range of the society in which it operates. The Great powers of 1914 were 'world-powers"?
Arnold J. Toynbee
[ "Great_power\n\nAll states have a geographic scope of interests, actions, or projected power. This is a crucial factor in distinguishing a great power from a regional power; by definition the scope of a regional power is restricted to its region. It has been suggested that a great power should be possessed of actua...
5730e8d2aca1c71400fe5b51
What type of powers should have actual influence throughout the scope of the prevailing international system?
great power
[ "Great_power\n\nAll states have a geographic scope of interests, actions, or projected power. This is a crucial factor in distinguishing a great power from a regional power; by definition the scope of a regional power is restricted to its region. It has been suggested that a great power should be possessed of actua...
5730e8d2aca1c71400fe5b52
What type of power is restricted to its region?
regional power
[ "Great_power\n\nAll states have a geographic scope of interests, actions, or projected power. This is a crucial factor in distinguishing a great power from a regional power; by definition the scope of a regional power is restricted to its region. It has been suggested that a great power should be possessed of actua...
5731011b05b4da19006bccca
What discussion should great powers be included on?
political and diplomatic questions of the day
[ "Great_power\n\nOther important criteria throughout history are that great powers should have enough influence to be included in discussions of political and diplomatic questions of the day, and have influence on the final outcome and resolution. Historically, when major political questions were addressed, several ...
5731011b05b4da19006bcccb
Historically, when would great powers meet?
when major political questions were addressed
[ "Great_power\n\nOther important criteria throughout history are that great powers should have enough influence to be included in discussions of political and diplomatic questions of the day, and have influence on the final outcome and resolution. Historically, when major political questions were addressed, several ...
5731011b05b4da19006bcccc
What types of decisions would great powers reach?
political resolution of various geographical and nationalist claims following a major conflict, or other contexts
[ "Great_power\n\nOther important criteria throughout history are that great powers should have enough influence to be included in discussions of political and diplomatic questions of the day, and have influence on the final outcome and resolution. Historically, when major political questions were addressed, several ...
573104ea497a881900248b01
When did Lord Castlereagh first use the term Great Powers?
in a letter sent on February 13, 1814
[ "Great_power\n\nLord Castlereagh, the British Foreign Secretary, first used the term in its diplomatic context, in a letter sent on February 13, 1814: \"It affords me great satisfaction to acquaint you that there is every prospect of the Congress terminating with a general accord and Guarantee between the Great pow...
573104ea497a881900248b02
What position did Lord Castlereagh hold?
British Foreign Secretary
[ "Great_power\n\nLord Castlereagh, the British Foreign Secretary, first used the term in its diplomatic context, in a letter sent on February 13, 1814: \"It affords me great satisfaction to acquaint you that there is every prospect of the Congress terminating with a general accord and Guarantee between the Great pow...
573104ea497a881900248b03
What did Castlereagh determine as the last resort of great power's influence?
if necessary the general arms against the Power that shall first attempt to disturb the Continental peace
[ "Great_power\n\nLord Castlereagh, the British Foreign Secretary, first used the term in its diplomatic context, in a letter sent on February 13, 1814: \"It affords me great satisfaction to acquaint you that there is every prospect of the Congress terminating with a general accord and Guarantee between the Great pow...
573106b7497a881900248b07
What 2 powers named in the 5 orignal great powers of the congress of vienna have maintained that status?
only France and the United Kingdom
[ "Great_power\n\nOf the five original great powers recognised at the Congress of Vienna, only France and the United Kingdom have maintained that status continuously to the present day, although France was defeated in the Franco-Prussian War and occupied during World War II. After the Congress of Vienna, the British ...
573106b7497a881900248b08
What country lost Franco-Prussian war?
France
[ "Great_power\n\nOf the five original great powers recognised at the Congress of Vienna, only France and the United Kingdom have maintained that status continuously to the present day, although France was defeated in the Franco-Prussian War and occupied during World War II. After the Congress of Vienna, the British ...
573106b7497a881900248b09
What country emerged as the pre-eminent power, due to its navy and the extent of its territories?
British Empire
[ "Great_power\n\nOf the five original great powers recognised at the Congress of Vienna, only France and the United Kingdom have maintained that status continuously to the present day, although France was defeated in the Franco-Prussian War and occupied during World War II. After the Congress of Vienna, the British ...
573106b7497a881900248b0a
Balance of power of great powers was a major influence on what continents politics?
European
[ "Great_power\n\nOf the five original great powers recognised at the Congress of Vienna, only France and the United Kingdom have maintained that status continuously to the present day, although France was defeated in the Franco-Prussian War and occupied during World War II. After the Congress of Vienna, the British ...
573106b7497a881900248b0b
Who stated that "All politics reduces itself to this formula: try to be one of three, as long as the world is governed by the unstable equilibrium of five great powers.?"
Otto von Bismarck
[ "Great_power\n\nOf the five original great powers recognised at the Congress of Vienna, only France and the United Kingdom have maintained that status continuously to the present day, although France was defeated in the Franco-Prussian War and occupied during World War II. After the Congress of Vienna, the British ...
57310a8305b4da19006bcd12
Was the power of the 5 countries constant?
relative power of these five nations fluctuated
[ "Great_power\n\nOver time, the relative power of these five nations fluctuated, which by the dawn of the 20th century had served to create an entirely different balance of power. Some, such as the United Kingdom and Prussia (as the founder of the newly formed German state), experienced continued economic growth and...
57310a8305b4da19006bcd13
What countries found their economic growth in early 20th century?
United Kingdom and Prussia
[ "Great_power\n\nOver time, the relative power of these five nations fluctuated, which by the dawn of the 20th century had served to create an entirely different balance of power. Some, such as the United Kingdom and Prussia (as the founder of the newly formed German state), experienced continued economic growth and...
57310a8305b4da19006bcd14
Which of the 5 powers were beginning to stagnate in early 20th century?
Russia and Austria-Hungary
[ "Great_power\n\nOver time, the relative power of these five nations fluctuated, which by the dawn of the 20th century had served to create an entirely different balance of power. Some, such as the United Kingdom and Prussia (as the founder of the newly formed German state), experienced continued economic growth and...
57310a8305b4da19006bcd15
What agreement replaced the Congress of Vienna?
Eight-Nation Alliance
[ "Great_power\n\nOver time, the relative power of these five nations fluctuated, which by the dawn of the 20th century had served to create an entirely different balance of power. Some, such as the United Kingdom and Prussia (as the founder of the newly formed German state), experienced continued economic growth and...
57310a8305b4da19006bcd16
What conflict was this agreement in opposition of?
Boxer Rebellion in China.
[ "Great_power\n\nOver time, the relative power of these five nations fluctuated, which by the dawn of the 20th century had served to create an entirely different balance of power. Some, such as the United Kingdom and Prussia (as the founder of the newly formed German state), experienced continued economic growth and...
57310e2b05b4da19006bcd32
What marked the conclusion of The Great War?
treaties of Versailles, St-Germain, Neuilly, Trianon and Sèvres
[ "Great_power\n\nShifts of international power have most notably occurred through major conflicts. The conclusion of the Great War and the resulting treaties of Versailles, St-Germain, Neuilly, Trianon and Sèvres witnessed the United Kingdom, France, Italy, Japan and the United States as the chief arbiters of the ne...
57310e2b05b4da19006bcd33
Who were the chief arbiters of the new world order?
United Kingdom, France, Italy, Japan and the United States
[ "Great_power\n\nShifts of international power have most notably occurred through major conflicts. The conclusion of the Great War and the resulting treaties of Versailles, St-Germain, Neuilly, Trianon and Sèvres witnessed the United Kingdom, France, Italy, Japan and the United States as the chief arbiters of the ne...
57310e2b05b4da19006bcd34
Who created the Treaty of Versailles?
Big Three
[ "Great_power\n\nShifts of international power have most notably occurred through major conflicts. The conclusion of the Great War and the resulting treaties of Versailles, St-Germain, Neuilly, Trianon and Sèvres witnessed the United Kingdom, France, Italy, Japan and the United States as the chief arbiters of the ne...
57310e2b05b4da19006bcd35
Who were the big four?
France, Italy, United Kingdom and the United States
[ "Great_power\n\nShifts of international power have most notably occurred through major conflicts. The conclusion of the Great War and the resulting treaties of Versailles, St-Germain, Neuilly, Trianon and Sèvres witnessed the United Kingdom, France, Italy, Japan and the United States as the chief arbiters of the ne...
57310f4ae6313a140071cbca
Who were the four permanent members of the League of Nations Council?
United Kingdom, France, Italy, and Japan
[ "Great_power\n\nThe victorious great powers also gained an acknowledgement of their status through permanent seats at the League of Nations Council, where they acted as a type of executive body directing the Assembly of the League. However, the Council began with only four permanent members—the United Kingdom, Fran...
57310f4ae6313a140071cbcb
Why was United Stated excluded from League of Nations Council?
against the ratification of the Treaty of Versailles, thus preventing American participation in the League
[ "Great_power\n\nThe victorious great powers also gained an acknowledgement of their status through permanent seats at the League of Nations Council, where they acted as a type of executive body directing the Assembly of the League. However, the Council began with only four permanent members—the United Kingdom, Fran...
57310f4ae6313a140071cbcc
When did US Senate vote against treaty of versailles ratification?
19 March 1920
[ "Great_power\n\nThe victorious great powers also gained an acknowledgement of their status through permanent seats at the League of Nations Council, where they acted as a type of executive body directing the Assembly of the League. However, the Council began with only four permanent members—the United Kingdom, Fran...
57310f4ae6313a140071cbcd
What organiztion acted as acknowledgement of status of great powers?
League of Nations Council
[ "Great_power\n\nThe victorious great powers also gained an acknowledgement of their status through permanent seats at the League of Nations Council, where they acted as a type of executive body directing the Assembly of the League. However, the Council began with only four permanent members—the United Kingdom, Fran...
573113f5e6313a140071cbfe
When did World War II start?
1939
[ "Great_power\n\nWhen World War II started in 1939, it divided the world into two alliances—the Allies (the United Kingdom and France at first in Europe, China in Asia since 1937, followed in 1941 by the Soviet Union, the United States); and the Axis powers consisting of Germany, Italy and Japan.[nb 1] During World ...
573113f5e6313a140071cbff
How many groups were involved in conflict of World War II?
two alliances
[ "Great_power\n\nWhen World War II started in 1939, it divided the world into two alliances—the Allies (the United Kingdom and France at first in Europe, China in Asia since 1937, followed in 1941 by the Soviet Union, the United States); and the Axis powers consisting of Germany, Italy and Japan.[nb 1] During World ...
573113f5e6313a140071cc00
Who made up the Axis powers?
Germany, Italy and Japan
[ "Great_power\n\nWhen World War II started in 1939, it divided the world into two alliances—the Allies (the United Kingdom and France at first in Europe, China in Asia since 1937, followed in 1941 by the Soviet Union, the United States); and the Axis powers consisting of Germany, Italy and Japan.[nb 1] During World ...
573113f5e6313a140071cc01
Who were the winners of World War II?
Allies
[ "Great_power\n\nWhen World War II started in 1939, it divided the world into two alliances—the Allies (the United Kingdom and France at first in Europe, China in Asia since 1937, followed in 1941 by the Soviet Union, the United States); and the Axis powers consisting of Germany, Italy and Japan.[nb 1] During World ...
573113f5e6313a140071cc02
The winners of World War II along with France were allotted permanent seats for what organization?
United Nations Security Council
[ "Great_power\n\nWhen World War II started in 1939, it divided the world into two alliances—the Allies (the United Kingdom and France at first in Europe, China in Asia since 1937, followed in 1941 by the Soviet Union, the United States); and the Axis powers consisting of Germany, Italy and Japan.[nb 1] During World ...
5731173ce6313a140071cc2a
What is a superpower?
nations with overwhelming power and influence in the rest of the world
[ "Great_power\n\nSince the end of the World Wars, the term \"great power\" has been joined by a number of other power classifications. Foremost among these is the concept of the superpower, used to describe those nations with overwhelming power and influence in the rest of the world. It was first coined in 1944 by W...
5731173ce6313a140071cc2b
Who first used the term superpower?
William T.R. Fox
[ "Great_power\n\nSince the end of the World Wars, the term \"great power\" has been joined by a number of other power classifications. Foremost among these is the concept of the superpower, used to describe those nations with overwhelming power and influence in the rest of the world. It was first coined in 1944 by W...
5731173ce6313a140071cc2c
Who were the three original superpowers?
British Empire, the United States, and the Soviet Union
[ "Great_power\n\nSince the end of the World Wars, the term \"great power\" has been joined by a number of other power classifications. Foremost among these is the concept of the superpower, used to describe those nations with overwhelming power and influence in the rest of the world. It was first coined in 1944 by W...
5731173ce6313a140071cc2d
Who lost their superpower status in 1950s?
British Empire
[ "Great_power\n\nSince the end of the World Wars, the term \"great power\" has been joined by a number of other power classifications. Foremost among these is the concept of the superpower, used to describe those nations with overwhelming power and influence in the rest of the world. It was first coined in 1944 by W...
5731173ce6313a140071cc2e
What are middle powers?
those nations which exercise a degree of global influence, but are insufficient to be decisive on international affairs
[ "Great_power\n\nSince the end of the World Wars, the term \"great power\" has been joined by a number of other power classifications. Foremost among these is the concept of the superpower, used to describe those nations with overwhelming power and influence in the rest of the world. It was first coined in 1944 by W...
57311bd5e6313a140071cc3e
During the cold war, what European powers rebuilt their ecomonies?
United Kingdom, France, and West Germany
[ "Great_power\n\nDuring the Cold War, the Asian power of Japan and the European powers of the United Kingdom, France, and West Germany rebuilt their economies. France and the United Kingdom maintained technologically advanced armed forces with power projection capabilities and maintain large defence budgets to this ...
57311bd5e6313a140071cc3f
By what year was China beginning to lose its hold as sole legitimate government?
1949
[ "Great_power\n\nDuring the Cold War, the Asian power of Japan and the European powers of the United Kingdom, France, and West Germany rebuilt their economies. France and the United Kingdom maintained technologically advanced armed forces with power projection capabilities and maintain large defence budgets to this ...
57311bd5e6313a140071cc40
When did China lose its permanent seat at UN security council?
1971
[ "Great_power\n\nDuring the Cold War, the Asian power of Japan and the European powers of the United Kingdom, France, and West Germany rebuilt their economies. France and the United Kingdom maintained technologically advanced armed forces with power projection capabilities and maintain large defence budgets to this ...
57311dbaa5e9cc1400cdbc2f
Since what time has military conflicts receded?
1960s
[ "Great_power\n\nAccording to Joshua Baron – a \"researcher, lecturer, and consultant on international conflict\" – since the early 1960s direct military conflicts and major confrontations have \"receded into the background\" with regards to relations among the great powers. Baron argues several reasons why this is ...
57311dbaa5e9cc1400cdbc30
What country has risen above other superpowers?
United States
[ "Great_power\n\nAccording to Joshua Baron – a \"researcher, lecturer, and consultant on international conflict\" – since the early 1960s direct military conflicts and major confrontations have \"receded into the background\" with regards to relations among the great powers. Baron argues several reasons why this is ...
57311dbaa5e9cc1400cdbc31
Since what century has there always been parity in powers?
modern era (the 16th century)
[ "Great_power\n\nAccording to Joshua Baron – a \"researcher, lecturer, and consultant on international conflict\" – since the early 1960s direct military conflicts and major confrontations have \"receded into the background\" with regards to relations among the great powers. Baron argues several reasons why this is ...
57311dbaa5e9cc1400cdbc32
Who's primacy has factored into maintaining peace among powers?
American
[ "Great_power\n\nAccording to Joshua Baron – a \"researcher, lecturer, and consultant on international conflict\" – since the early 1960s direct military conflicts and major confrontations have \"receded into the background\" with regards to relations among the great powers. Baron argues several reasons why this is ...
5731200be6313a140071cc5a
What formerly effective tool for international disputes is no longer effective among peer powers?
military force
[ "Great_power\n\nAnother important factor is the apparent consensus among Western great powers that military force is no longer an effective tool of resolving disputes among their peers. This \"subset\" of great powers – France, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States – consider maintaining a \"stat...
5731200be6313a140071cc5b
What great powers have maintained peace?
France, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States
[ "Great_power\n\nAnother important factor is the apparent consensus among Western great powers that military force is no longer an effective tool of resolving disputes among their peers. This \"subset\" of great powers – France, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States – consider maintaining a \"stat...
5731200be6313a140071cc5c
Where have the powers maintained peace in recent years?
United Nations and other forums
[ "Great_power\n\nAnother important factor is the apparent consensus among Western great powers that military force is no longer an effective tool of resolving disputes among their peers. This \"subset\" of great powers – France, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States – consider maintaining a \"stat...
5731200be6313a140071cc5d
What was the last crisis during cold war to escalate world powers?
Cuban missile crisis (1962
[ "Great_power\n\nAnother important factor is the apparent consensus among Western great powers that military force is no longer an effective tool of resolving disputes among their peers. This \"subset\" of great powers – France, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States – consider maintaining a \"stat...
573121fca5e9cc1400cdbc63
What countries are recognized as Nuclear Weapons States?
China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States
[ "Great_power\n\nChina, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States are often referred to as great powers by academics due to \"their political and economic dominance of the global arena\". These five nations are the only states to have permanent seats with veto power on the UN Security Council. They ar...
573121fca5e9cc1400cdbc64
How many countries are permanent seats on the UN Security Council?
five
[ "Great_power\n\nChina, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States are often referred to as great powers by academics due to \"their political and economic dominance of the global arena\". These five nations are the only states to have permanent seats with veto power on the UN Security Council. They ar...
573121fca5e9cc1400cdbc65
What other countries are referred to as middle powers?
China, France, Russia and the United Kingdom
[ "Great_power\n\nChina, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States are often referred to as great powers by academics due to \"their political and economic dominance of the global arena\". These five nations are the only states to have permanent seats with veto power on the UN Security Council. They ar...
573121fca5e9cc1400cdbc66
What treaty addresses nuclear weapons?
Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty
[ "Great_power\n\nChina, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States are often referred to as great powers by academics due to \"their political and economic dominance of the global arena\". These five nations are the only states to have permanent seats with veto power on the UN Security Council. They ar...
573122cea5e9cc1400cdbc7f
What countries are great powers mostly based on economic reasons?
Japan and Germany
[ "Great_power\n\nJapan and Germany are great powers too, though due to their large advanced economies (having the third and fourth largest economies respectively) rather than their strategic and hard power capabilities (i.e., the lack of permanent seats and veto power on the UN Security Council or strategic military...
573122cea5e9cc1400cdbc80
Due to lack of strategic and hard power, countries are excluded from what?
UN Security Council
[ "Great_power\n\nJapan and Germany are great powers too, though due to their large advanced economies (having the third and fourth largest economies respectively) rather than their strategic and hard power capabilities (i.e., the lack of permanent seats and veto power on the UN Security Council or strategic military...
573122cea5e9cc1400cdbc81
What is the name for the grouping of countries of China, France, Russia and the United Kingdom; Germany and Japan?
middle powers
[ "Great_power\n\nJapan and Germany are great powers too, though due to their large advanced economies (having the third and fourth largest economies respectively) rather than their strategic and hard power capabilities (i.e., the lack of permanent seats and veto power on the UN Security Council or strategic military...
5731239605b4da19006bcde6
Zbigniew Brzezinski and Malik Mohan consider what country to be a great power too?
India
[ "Great_power\n\nIn addition to those contemporary great powers mentioned above, Zbigniew Brzezinski and Malik Mohan consider India to be a great power too. Although unlike the contemporary great powers who have long been considered so, India's recognition among authorities as a great power is comparatively recent. ...
5731239605b4da19006bcde7
Many academics debate the status of this country as a power?
India
[ "Great_power\n\nIn addition to those contemporary great powers mentioned above, Zbigniew Brzezinski and Malik Mohan consider India to be a great power too. Although unlike the contemporary great powers who have long been considered so, India's recognition among authorities as a great power is comparatively recent. ...
5731239605b4da19006bcde8
Is there agreement on the status of all powers?
no collective agreement
[ "Great_power\n\nIn addition to those contemporary great powers mentioned above, Zbigniew Brzezinski and Malik Mohan consider India to be a great power too. Although unlike the contemporary great powers who have long been considered so, India's recognition among authorities as a great power is comparatively recent. ...
57312538e6313a140071cc7e
Milena Sterio includes what former axis powers among great powers?
Germany, Italy and Japan
[ "Great_power\n\nMilena Sterio, American expert of international law, includes the former axis powers (Germany, Italy and Japan) and India among the great powers along with the permanent members of the UNSC. She considers Germany, Japan and Italy to be great powers due to their G7 membership and because of their inf...
57312538e6313a140071cc7f
What emerging power is considered a great power?
India
[ "Great_power\n\nMilena Sterio, American expert of international law, includes the former axis powers (Germany, Italy and Japan) and India among the great powers along with the permanent members of the UNSC. She considers Germany, Japan and Italy to be great powers due to their G7 membership and because of their inf...
57312538e6313a140071cc80
What G7 members are among great powers?
Germany, Japan and Italy
[ "Great_power\n\nMilena Sterio, American expert of international law, includes the former axis powers (Germany, Italy and Japan) and India among the great powers along with the permanent members of the UNSC. She considers Germany, Japan and Italy to be great powers due to their G7 membership and because of their inf...
57312538e6313a140071cc81
Which country is debated as intermittent and/or least of great powers?
Italy
[ "Great_power\n\nMilena Sterio, American expert of international law, includes the former axis powers (Germany, Italy and Japan) and India among the great powers along with the permanent members of the UNSC. She considers Germany, Japan and Italy to be great powers due to their G7 membership and because of their inf...
573126ae05b4da19006bcdf4
What organization is often seen as a great power in addition to member counties?
European Union
[ "Great_power\n\nWith continuing European integration, the European Union is increasingly being seen as a great power in its own right, with representation at the WTO and at G8 and G-20 summits. This is most notable in areas where the European Union has exclusive competence (i.e. economic affairs). It also reflects ...
573126ae05b4da19006bcdf5
What other tools are used as alternative to military force?
trade and diplomacy
[ "Great_power\n\nWith continuing European integration, the European Union is increasingly being seen as a great power in its own right, with representation at the WTO and at G8 and G-20 summits. This is most notable in areas where the European Union has exclusive competence (i.e. economic affairs). It also reflects ...
573126ae05b4da19006bcdf6
How many great powers are members of Europian Union?
three
[ "Great_power\n\nWith continuing European integration, the European Union is increasingly being seen as a great power in its own right, with representation at the WTO and at G8 and G-20 summits. This is most notable in areas where the European Union has exclusive competence (i.e. economic affairs). It also reflects ...
573126ae05b4da19006bcdf7
What summits does EU have membership?
WTO and at G8 and G-20
[ "Great_power\n\nWith continuing European integration, the European Union is increasingly being seen as a great power in its own right, with representation at the WTO and at G8 and G-20 summits. This is most notable in areas where the European Union has exclusive competence (i.e. economic affairs). It also reflects ...
573127a7497a881900248bdd
How many wars occured between 1500s and 1953?
64
[ "Great_power\n\nReferring to great power relations pre-1960, Joshua Baron highlights that starting from around the 16th century and the rise of several European great powers, military conflicts and confrontations was the defining characteristic of diplomacy and relations between such powers. \"Between 1500 and 1953...
573127a7497a881900248bde
For bout how many years was an average of one great power fighting another each year?
450
[ "Great_power\n\nReferring to great power relations pre-1960, Joshua Baron highlights that starting from around the 16th century and the rise of several European great powers, military conflicts and confrontations was the defining characteristic of diplomacy and relations between such powers. \"Between 1500 and 1953...
573127a7497a881900248bdf
What country had the most conflicts from 1500s through mid 20th century?
UK
[ "Great_power\n\nReferring to great power relations pre-1960, Joshua Baron highlights that starting from around the 16th century and the rise of several European great powers, military conflicts and confrontations was the defining characteristic of diplomacy and relations between such powers. \"Between 1500 and 1953...
573127a7497a881900248be0
What span was the Pax Britannica?
between 1815 and 1914
[ "Great_power\n\nReferring to great power relations pre-1960, Joshua Baron highlights that starting from around the 16th century and the rise of several European great powers, military conflicts and confrontations was the defining characteristic of diplomacy and relations between such powers. \"Between 1500 and 1953...