id stringlengths 24 24 | question stringlengths 1 270 | answer stringlengths 1 239 | documents listlengths 1 1 |
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57318f33a5e9cc1400cdc082 | Which city has almost all of its sidewalks in Portuguese pavement? | Lisbon | [
"Mosaic\n\nPortuguese pavement (in Portuguese, Calçada Portuguesa) is a kind of two-tone stone mosaic paving created in Portugal, and common throughout the Lusosphere. Most commonly taking the form of geometric patterns from the simple to the complex, it also is used to create complex pictorial mosaics in styles ra... |
57318f33a5e9cc1400cdc083 | What other cityscape is done with Portuguese pavement? | streets | [
"Mosaic\n\nPortuguese pavement (in Portuguese, Calçada Portuguesa) is a kind of two-tone stone mosaic paving created in Portugal, and common throughout the Lusosphere. Most commonly taking the form of geometric patterns from the simple to the complex, it also is used to create complex pictorial mosaics in styles ra... |
5731903ce6313a140071d0a4 | How were larger mosaics usually constructed? | face-down to a backing paper | [
"Mosaic\n\nThe indirect method of applying tesserae is often used for very large projects, projects with repetitive elements or for areas needing site specific shapes. Tiles are applied face-down to a backing paper using an adhesive, and later transferred onto walls, floors or craft projects. This method is most us... |
5731903ce6313a140071d0a5 | Why was adding a step i production useful for larger projects? | gives the maker time to rework | [
"Mosaic\n\nThe indirect method of applying tesserae is often used for very large projects, projects with repetitive elements or for areas needing site specific shapes. Tiles are applied face-down to a backing paper using an adhesive, and later transferred onto walls, floors or craft projects. This method is most us... |
5731903ce6313a140071d0a6 | What is the style called of putting tessere on a backing paper? | the indirect method | [
"Mosaic\n\nThe indirect method of applying tesserae is often used for very large projects, projects with repetitive elements or for areas needing site specific shapes. Tiles are applied face-down to a backing paper using an adhesive, and later transferred onto walls, floors or craft projects. This method is most us... |
5731903ce6313a140071d0a7 | What besides benches and tabletops was usually created using the indirect method? | murals | [
"Mosaic\n\nThe indirect method of applying tesserae is often used for very large projects, projects with repetitive elements or for areas needing site specific shapes. Tiles are applied face-down to a backing paper using an adhesive, and later transferred onto walls, floors or craft projects. This method is most us... |
5731903ce6313a140071d0a8 | The indirect method also helped for projects with what kinds of areas? | repetitive | [
"Mosaic\n\nThe indirect method of applying tesserae is often used for very large projects, projects with repetitive elements or for areas needing site specific shapes. Tiles are applied face-down to a backing paper using an adhesive, and later transferred onto walls, floors or craft projects. This method is most us... |
57319138a5e9cc1400cdc0b7 | When is the double indirect method of mosaic useful? | when it is important to see the work | [
"Mosaic\n\nThe double indirect method can be used when it is important to see the work during the creation process as it will appear when completed. The tesserae are placed face-up on a medium (often adhesive-backed paper, sticky plastic or soft lime or putty) as it will appear when installed. When the mosaic is co... |
57319138a5e9cc1400cdc0b8 | What is the most powerful aspect of the double indirect method? | directly controlling the final result of the work | [
"Mosaic\n\nThe double indirect method can be used when it is important to see the work during the creation process as it will appear when completed. The tesserae are placed face-up on a medium (often adhesive-backed paper, sticky plastic or soft lime or putty) as it will appear when installed. When the mosaic is co... |
57319138a5e9cc1400cdc0b9 | When was the double indirect method invented? | 1989 | [
"Mosaic\n\nThe double indirect method can be used when it is important to see the work during the creation process as it will appear when completed. The tesserae are placed face-up on a medium (often adhesive-backed paper, sticky plastic or soft lime or putty) as it will appear when installed. When the mosaic is co... |
57319138a5e9cc1400cdc0ba | Who invented the double indirect method? | Maurizio Placuzzi | [
"Mosaic\n\nThe double indirect method can be used when it is important to see the work during the creation process as it will appear when completed. The tesserae are placed face-up on a medium (often adhesive-backed paper, sticky plastic or soft lime or putty) as it will appear when installed. When the mosaic is co... |
57319138a5e9cc1400cdc0bb | What is used as a backing adhesive for the double indirect method besides putty or paper? | sticky plastic | [
"Mosaic\n\nThe double indirect method can be used when it is important to see the work during the creation process as it will appear when completed. The tesserae are placed face-up on a medium (often adhesive-backed paper, sticky plastic or soft lime or putty) as it will appear when installed. When the mosaic is co... |
573191fe05b4da19006bd2c8 | What is the typical size of a ceramic mosaic tile? | 1 in × 1 in | [
"Mosaic\n\nA tile mosaic is a digital image made up of individual tiles, arranged in a non-overlapping fashion, e.g. to make a static image on a shower room or bathing pool floor, by breaking the image down into square pixels formed from ceramic tiles (a typical size is 1 in × 1 in (25 mm × 25 mm), as for example, ... |
573191fe05b4da19006bd2c9 | What is usually the purpose of a tile mosaic in pools? | express text | [
"Mosaic\n\nA tile mosaic is a digital image made up of individual tiles, arranged in a non-overlapping fashion, e.g. to make a static image on a shower room or bathing pool floor, by breaking the image down into square pixels formed from ceramic tiles (a typical size is 1 in × 1 in (25 mm × 25 mm), as for example, ... |
573191fe05b4da19006bd2ca | Where is the most common application of tile mosaics? | on a shower room or bathing pool floor | [
"Mosaic\n\nA tile mosaic is a digital image made up of individual tiles, arranged in a non-overlapping fashion, e.g. to make a static image on a shower room or bathing pool floor, by breaking the image down into square pixels formed from ceramic tiles (a typical size is 1 in × 1 in (25 mm × 25 mm), as for example, ... |
573191fe05b4da19006bd2cb | How should the tiles be aligned next to each other? | in a non-overlapping fashion | [
"Mosaic\n\nA tile mosaic is a digital image made up of individual tiles, arranged in a non-overlapping fashion, e.g. to make a static image on a shower room or bathing pool floor, by breaking the image down into square pixels formed from ceramic tiles (a typical size is 1 in × 1 in (25 mm × 25 mm), as for example, ... |
573192bca5e9cc1400cdc0e7 | Why has production automation become popular? | high cost of labor in developed countries | [
"Mosaic\n\nWith high cost of labor in developed countries, production automation has become increasingly popular. Rather than being assembled by hand, mosaics designed using computer aided design (CAD) software can be assembled by a robot. Production can be greater than 10 times faster with higher accuracy. But the... |
573192bca5e9cc1400cdc0e8 | Which software can aid in the design of robotically created mosaics? | CAD | [
"Mosaic\n\nWith high cost of labor in developed countries, production automation has become increasingly popular. Rather than being assembled by hand, mosaics designed using computer aided design (CAD) software can be assembled by a robot. Production can be greater than 10 times faster with higher accuracy. But the... |
573192bca5e9cc1400cdc0e9 | How much faster is automated creation over handmade? | 10 times faster | [
"Mosaic\n\nWith high cost of labor in developed countries, production automation has become increasingly popular. Rather than being assembled by hand, mosaics designed using computer aided design (CAD) software can be assembled by a robot. Production can be greater than 10 times faster with higher accuracy. But the... |
573192bca5e9cc1400cdc0ea | How does the robot pick the tiles it places? | a command file | [
"Mosaic\n\nWith high cost of labor in developed countries, production automation has become increasingly popular. Rather than being assembled by hand, mosaics designed using computer aided design (CAD) software can be assembled by a robot. Production can be greater than 10 times faster with higher accuracy. But the... |
573192bca5e9cc1400cdc0eb | What is not the same between hand made and robotic amde mosaics? | different look | [
"Mosaic\n\nWith high cost of labor in developed countries, production automation has become increasingly popular. Rather than being assembled by hand, mosaics designed using computer aided design (CAD) software can be assembled by a robot. Production can be greater than 10 times faster with higher accuracy. But the... |
57318751e6313a140071d03e | From what language does Universitas come from? | Latin | [
"University\n\nThe original Latin word \"universitas\" refers in general to \"a number of persons associated into one body, a society, company, community, guild, corporation, etc.\" At the time of the emergence of urban town life and medieval guilds, specialised \"associations of students and teachers with collecti... |
57318751e6313a140071d03f | Around the beginning of what two things did word universitas start to become prevalent? | urban town life and medieval guilds | [
"University\n\nThe original Latin word \"universitas\" refers in general to \"a number of persons associated into one body, a society, company, community, guild, corporation, etc.\" At the time of the emergence of urban town life and medieval guilds, specialised \"associations of students and teachers with collecti... |
57318751e6313a140071d040 | What did a universitas have in common with similar guilds? | they were self-regulating | [
"University\n\nThe original Latin word \"universitas\" refers in general to \"a number of persons associated into one body, a society, company, community, guild, corporation, etc.\" At the time of the emergence of urban town life and medieval guilds, specialised \"associations of students and teachers with collecti... |
57318751e6313a140071d041 | Which individuals usually approved charters for universitas? | princes, prelates | [
"University\n\nThe original Latin word \"universitas\" refers in general to \"a number of persons associated into one body, a society, company, community, guild, corporation, etc.\" At the time of the emergence of urban town life and medieval guilds, specialised \"associations of students and teachers with collecti... |
57318829497a881900248fc9 | In terms of academics what is a core requirement of a university? | academic freedom | [
"University\n\nAn important idea in the definition of a university is the notion of academic freedom. The first documentary evidence of this comes from early in the life of the first university. The University of Bologna adopted an academic charter, the Constitutio Habita, in 1158 or 1155, which guaranteed the righ... |
57318829497a881900248fca | What was the first university? | University of Bologna | [
"University\n\nAn important idea in the definition of a university is the notion of academic freedom. The first documentary evidence of this comes from early in the life of the first university. The University of Bologna adopted an academic charter, the Constitutio Habita, in 1158 or 1155, which guaranteed the righ... |
57318829497a881900248fcb | What charter is said to be the first establishing academic freedom in a university? | the Constitutio Habita | [
"University\n\nAn important idea in the definition of a university is the notion of academic freedom. The first documentary evidence of this comes from early in the life of the first university. The University of Bologna adopted an academic charter, the Constitutio Habita, in 1158 or 1155, which guaranteed the righ... |
57318829497a881900248fcc | What did the Constitutio Habita say students were allowed? | unhindered passage in the interests of education | [
"University\n\nAn important idea in the definition of a university is the notion of academic freedom. The first documentary evidence of this comes from early in the life of the first university. The University of Bologna adopted an academic charter, the Constitutio Habita, in 1158 or 1155, which guaranteed the righ... |
57318829497a881900248fcd | On what date was the Magna Carta Universitatum signed? | 18 September 1988 | [
"University\n\nAn important idea in the definition of a university is the notion of academic freedom. The first documentary evidence of this comes from early in the life of the first university. The University of Bologna adopted an academic charter, the Constitutio Habita, in 1158 or 1155, which guaranteed the righ... |
573188e1497a881900248fdd | What is a scholae monasticae? | monastic schools | [
"University\n\nEuropean higher education took place for hundreds of years in Christian cathedral schools or monastic schools (scholae monasticae), in which monks and nuns taught classes; evidence of these immediate forerunners of the later university at many places dates back to the 6th century. The earliest univer... |
573188e1497a881900248fde | Who presided over classes at a scholae monasticae? | monks and nuns | [
"University\n\nEuropean higher education took place for hundreds of years in Christian cathedral schools or monastic schools (scholae monasticae), in which monks and nuns taught classes; evidence of these immediate forerunners of the later university at many places dates back to the 6th century. The earliest univer... |
573188e1497a881900248fdf | In the chronology of academic institutions, where are Christian cathedral schools compared to universities? | immediate forerunners | [
"University\n\nEuropean higher education took place for hundreds of years in Christian cathedral schools or monastic schools (scholae monasticae), in which monks and nuns taught classes; evidence of these immediate forerunners of the later university at many places dates back to the 6th century. The earliest univer... |
573188e1497a881900248fe0 | What church is said to be responsible for the formation of universities? | Latin Church | [
"University\n\nEuropean higher education took place for hundreds of years in Christian cathedral schools or monastic schools (scholae monasticae), in which monks and nuns taught classes; evidence of these immediate forerunners of the later university at many places dates back to the 6th century. The earliest univer... |
573188e1497a881900248fe1 | During which era did universities grow out of already extant schools? | early medieval period | [
"University\n\nEuropean higher education took place for hundreds of years in Christian cathedral schools or monastic schools (scholae monasticae), in which monks and nuns taught classes; evidence of these immediate forerunners of the later university at many places dates back to the 6th century. The earliest univer... |
573189a6e6313a140071d05a | Why did rulers and governments in Europe form universities? | to satisfy a European thirst for knowledge | [
"University\n\nAll over Europe rulers and city governments began to create universities to satisfy a European thirst for knowledge, and the belief that society would benefit from the scholarly expertise generated from these institutions. Princes and leaders of city governments perceived the potential benefits of ha... |
573189a6e6313a140071d05b | What outlook developed the creation of the university system? | humanism | [
"University\n\nAll over Europe rulers and city governments began to create universities to satisfy a European thirst for knowledge, and the belief that society would benefit from the scholarly expertise generated from these institutions. Princes and leaders of city governments perceived the potential benefits of ha... |
573189a6e6313a140071d05c | Which ancient texts began to see more study after universities were formed? | Greek | [
"University\n\nAll over Europe rulers and city governments began to create universities to satisfy a European thirst for knowledge, and the belief that society would benefit from the scholarly expertise generated from these institutions. Princes and leaders of city governments perceived the potential benefits of ha... |
573189a6e6313a140071d05d | What type of governments were involved in creating universities? | city governments | [
"University\n\nAll over Europe rulers and city governments began to create universities to satisfy a European thirst for knowledge, and the belief that society would benefit from the scholarly expertise generated from these institutions. Princes and leaders of city governments perceived the potential benefits of ha... |
57318a93497a881900248ff1 | Roughly how many pages of the works of Aristotle were translated by the 12th century? | more than 3000 pages | [
"University\n\nThe rediscovery of Aristotle's works–more than 3000 pages of it would eventually be translated –fuelled a spirit of inquiry into natural processes that had already begun to emerge in the 12th century. Some scholars believe that these works represented one of the most important document discoveries in... |
57318a93497a881900248ff2 | Richard Dales believes that the work of Aristotle represents the turning point of what? | Western thought | [
"University\n\nThe rediscovery of Aristotle's works–more than 3000 pages of it would eventually be translated –fuelled a spirit of inquiry into natural processes that had already begun to emerge in the 12th century. Some scholars believe that these works represented one of the most important document discoveries in... |
57318a93497a881900248ff3 | What word described the early attempts to understand the work of Aristotle? | scholasticism | [
"University\n\nThe rediscovery of Aristotle's works–more than 3000 pages of it would eventually be translated –fuelled a spirit of inquiry into natural processes that had already begun to emerge in the 12th century. Some scholars believe that these works represented one of the most important document discoveries in... |
57318a93497a881900248ff4 | What faculty did scholars attempt to use to prove the thoughts of Aristotle? | reason | [
"University\n\nThe rediscovery of Aristotle's works–more than 3000 pages of it would eventually be translated –fuelled a spirit of inquiry into natural processes that had already begun to emerge in the 12th century. Some scholars believe that these works represented one of the most important document discoveries in... |
57318a93497a881900248ff5 | What language did 12th century scholars studying Aristotle speak in? | Latin | [
"University\n\nThe rediscovery of Aristotle's works–more than 3000 pages of it would eventually be translated –fuelled a spirit of inquiry into natural processes that had already begun to emerge in the 12th century. Some scholars believe that these works represented one of the most important document discoveries in... |
57318b7605b4da19006bd280 | Which language was used in lectures in early European universities? | Latin | [
"University\n\nThe university culture developed differently in northern Europe than it did in the south, although the northern (primarily Germany, France and Great Britain) and southern universities (primarily Italy) did have many elements in common. Latin was the language of the university, used for all texts, lec... |
57318b7605b4da19006bd281 | For what subjects did professors use the work of Hippocrates? | medicine | [
"University\n\nThe university culture developed differently in northern Europe than it did in the south, although the northern (primarily Germany, France and Great Britain) and southern universities (primarily Italy) did have many elements in common. Latin was the language of the university, used for all texts, lec... |
57318b7605b4da19006bd282 | What type of subjects did the universities of northern Europe focus on? | arts and theology | [
"University\n\nThe university culture developed differently in northern Europe than it did in the south, although the northern (primarily Germany, France and Great Britain) and southern universities (primarily Italy) did have many elements in common. Latin was the language of the university, used for all texts, lec... |
57318b7605b4da19006bd283 | What type of degree was given out at a English university? | bachelor's degrees | [
"University\n\nThe university culture developed differently in northern Europe than it did in the south, although the northern (primarily Germany, France and Great Britain) and southern universities (primarily Italy) did have many elements in common. Latin was the language of the university, used for all texts, lec... |
57318c60a5e9cc1400cdc033 | What type of university was an Islamic madrasa akin to? | Mediterranean universities | [
"University\n\nTheir endowment by a prince or monarch and their role in training government officials made these Mediterranean universities similar to Islamic madrasas, although madrasas were generally smaller and individual teachers, rather than the madrasa itself, granted the license or degree. Scholars like Arno... |
57318c60a5e9cc1400cdc034 | What type of individual funded a Mediterranean university? | prince or monarch | [
"University\n\nTheir endowment by a prince or monarch and their role in training government officials made these Mediterranean universities similar to Islamic madrasas, although madrasas were generally smaller and individual teachers, rather than the madrasa itself, granted the license or degree. Scholars like Arno... |
57318c60a5e9cc1400cdc035 | In which century did Islamic madrasas start to transform into universities? | 10th | [
"University\n\nTheir endowment by a prince or monarch and their role in training government officials made these Mediterranean universities similar to Islamic madrasas, although madrasas were generally smaller and individual teachers, rather than the madrasa itself, granted the license or degree. Scholars like Arno... |
57318c60a5e9cc1400cdc036 | From where did a degree come in a madrasa? | individual teachers | [
"University\n\nTheir endowment by a prince or monarch and their role in training government officials made these Mediterranean universities similar to Islamic madrasas, although madrasas were generally smaller and individual teachers, rather than the madrasa itself, granted the license or degree. Scholars like Arno... |
57318db6a5e9cc1400cdc059 | Madrasas in which specific location are said to have guided the formation of medieval universities? | Al-Andalus | [
"University\n\nMany scholars (including Makdisi) have argued that early medieval universities were influenced by the religious madrasahs in Al-Andalus, the Emirate of Sicily, and the Middle East (during the Crusades). Other scholars see this argument as overstated. Lowe and Yasuhara have recently drawn on the well-... |
57318db6a5e9cc1400cdc05a | Al-Andalus was an Emirate of which entity? | Sicily | [
"University\n\nMany scholars (including Makdisi) have argued that early medieval universities were influenced by the religious madrasahs in Al-Andalus, the Emirate of Sicily, and the Middle East (during the Crusades). Other scholars see this argument as overstated. Lowe and Yasuhara have recently drawn on the well-... |
57318db6a5e9cc1400cdc05b | Some scholars think that universities come from what, rather than solely local influences? | a global context | [
"University\n\nMany scholars (including Makdisi) have argued that early medieval universities were influenced by the religious madrasahs in Al-Andalus, the Emirate of Sicily, and the Middle East (during the Crusades). Other scholars see this argument as overstated. Lowe and Yasuhara have recently drawn on the well-... |
57318db6a5e9cc1400cdc05c | During what notable Middle East conflict is it believed by some that Universities received influence from madrasas? | the Crusades | [
"University\n\nMany scholars (including Makdisi) have argued that early medieval universities were influenced by the religious madrasahs in Al-Andalus, the Emirate of Sicily, and the Middle East (during the Crusades). Other scholars see this argument as overstated. Lowe and Yasuhara have recently drawn on the well-... |
57318e5ea5e9cc1400cdc075 | What was the time span of the Early Modern period? | late 15th century to 1800 | [
"University\n\nDuring the Early Modern period (approximately late 15th century to 1800), the universities of Europe would see a tremendous amount of growth, productivity and innovative research. At the end of the Middle Ages, about 400 years after the first university was founded, there were twenty-nine universitie... |
57318e5ea5e9cc1400cdc076 | At the completion of the Middle Ages how long had universities existed? | about 400 years | [
"University\n\nDuring the Early Modern period (approximately late 15th century to 1800), the universities of Europe would see a tremendous amount of growth, productivity and innovative research. At the end of the Middle Ages, about 400 years after the first university was founded, there were twenty-nine universitie... |
57318e5ea5e9cc1400cdc077 | How many universities were within Europe at the closure of the middle ages? | twenty-nine | [
"University\n\nDuring the Early Modern period (approximately late 15th century to 1800), the universities of Europe would see a tremendous amount of growth, productivity and innovative research. At the end of the Middle Ages, about 400 years after the first university was founded, there were twenty-nine universitie... |
57318e5ea5e9cc1400cdc078 | How many universities were within Europe by the completion of the 18th century? | 143 | [
"University\n\nDuring the Early Modern period (approximately late 15th century to 1800), the universities of Europe would see a tremendous amount of growth, productivity and innovative research. At the end of the Middle Ages, about 400 years after the first university was founded, there were twenty-nine universitie... |
57318e5ea5e9cc1400cdc079 | The German Empire had how many universities? | 34 | [
"University\n\nDuring the Early Modern period (approximately late 15th century to 1800), the universities of Europe would see a tremendous amount of growth, productivity and innovative research. At the end of the Middle Ages, about 400 years after the first university was founded, there were twenty-nine universitie... |
57318f86a5e9cc1400cdc089 | What war most curtailed the spread of universities in the 17th century? | the Thirty Years' War | [
"University\n\nThe propagation of universities was not necessarily a steady progression, as the 17th century was rife with events that adversely affected university expansion. Many wars, and especially the Thirty Years' War, disrupted the university landscape throughout Europe at different times. War, plague, famin... |
57318f86a5e9cc1400cdc08a | Which university is said to have started faculty governance? | University of Paris | [
"University\n\nThe propagation of universities was not necessarily a steady progression, as the 17th century was rife with events that adversely affected university expansion. Many wars, and especially the Thirty Years' War, disrupted the university landscape throughout Europe at different times. War, plague, famin... |
57318f86a5e9cc1400cdc08b | Which entity started to appoint the administration of universities in the 17th century? | the state | [
"University\n\nThe propagation of universities was not necessarily a steady progression, as the 17th century was rife with events that adversely affected university expansion. Many wars, and especially the Thirty Years' War, disrupted the university landscape throughout Europe at different times. War, plague, famin... |
57318f86a5e9cc1400cdc08c | The control of universities by the state can be attributed to the advancement in the development of what? | the nation-state. | [
"University\n\nThe propagation of universities was not necessarily a steady progression, as the 17th century was rife with events that adversely affected university expansion. Many wars, and especially the Thirty Years' War, disrupted the university landscape throughout Europe at different times. War, plague, famin... |
57318f86a5e9cc1400cdc08d | How would one describe the control of universities before nation-states in the 17th century? | student-controlled | [
"University\n\nThe propagation of universities was not necessarily a steady progression, as the 17th century was rife with events that adversely affected university expansion. Many wars, and especially the Thirty Years' War, disrupted the university landscape throughout Europe at different times. War, plague, famin... |
5731934705b4da19006bd2da | What were the faculty who supervised students in the University of Paris called? | masters | [
"University\n\nAlthough the structural model provided by the University of Paris, where student members are controlled by faculty \"masters,\" provided a standard for universities, the application of this model took at least three different forms. There were universities that had a system of faculties whose teachin... |
5731934705b4da19006bd2db | The structure of the University of Paris served as what for other universities? | a standard | [
"University\n\nAlthough the structural model provided by the University of Paris, where student members are controlled by faculty \"masters,\" provided a standard for universities, the application of this model took at least three different forms. There were universities that had a system of faculties whose teachin... |
5731934705b4da19006bd2dc | How many styles did the University of Paris model end up taking when applied to other universities? | at least three | [
"University\n\nAlthough the structural model provided by the University of Paris, where student members are controlled by faculty \"masters,\" provided a standard for universities, the application of this model took at least three different forms. There were universities that had a system of faculties whose teachin... |
5731934705b4da19006bd2dd | Which university had teaching which was more general, and not centralized? | University of Oxford | [
"University\n\nAlthough the structural model provided by the University of Paris, where student members are controlled by faculty \"masters,\" provided a standard for universities, the application of this model took at least three different forms. There were universities that had a system of faculties whose teachin... |
5731934705b4da19006bd2de | What type of student did schools that focus on very specific topics aim to create? | specialists | [
"University\n\nAlthough the structural model provided by the University of Paris, where student members are controlled by faculty \"masters,\" provided a standard for universities, the application of this model took at least three different forms. There were universities that had a system of faculties whose teachin... |
57319465497a881900249075 | What was the source of educational material in Early Modern age universities? | the curriculum and research of the Middle Ages | [
"University\n\nEarly Modern universities initially continued the curriculum and research of the Middle Ages: natural philosophy, logic, medicine, theology, mathematics, astronomy (and astrology), law, grammar and rhetoric. Aristotle was prevalent throughout the curriculum, while medicine also depended on Galen and ... |
57319465497a881900249076 | What sources did Early Modern age universities rely on for medical curricula? | Galen and Arabic scholarship | [
"University\n\nEarly Modern universities initially continued the curriculum and research of the Middle Ages: natural philosophy, logic, medicine, theology, mathematics, astronomy (and astrology), law, grammar and rhetoric. Aristotle was prevalent throughout the curriculum, while medicine also depended on Galen and ... |
57319465497a881900249077 | The concentration on students to live honorable lives is an example of what form of thought? | Humanist | [
"University\n\nEarly Modern universities initially continued the curriculum and research of the Middle Ages: natural philosophy, logic, medicine, theology, mathematics, astronomy (and astrology), law, grammar and rhetoric. Aristotle was prevalent throughout the curriculum, while medicine also depended on Galen and ... |
57319465497a881900249078 | Niccolò Leoniceno was a professor of what subject? | medicine | [
"University\n\nEarly Modern universities initially continued the curriculum and research of the Middle Ages: natural philosophy, logic, medicine, theology, mathematics, astronomy (and astrology), law, grammar and rhetoric. Aristotle was prevalent throughout the curriculum, while medicine also depended on Galen and ... |
57319465497a881900249079 | Which individual added a humanist view into the Corpus Juris? | Andreas Alciatus | [
"University\n\nEarly Modern universities initially continued the curriculum and research of the Middle Ages: natural philosophy, logic, medicine, theology, mathematics, astronomy (and astrology), law, grammar and rhetoric. Aristotle was prevalent throughout the curriculum, while medicine also depended on Galen and ... |
5731954b497a881900249089 | Discovery and exposition were examples of the focus of what type of university scholar? | humanist | [
"University\n\nAlthough the initial focus of the humanist scholars in the university was the discovery, exposition and insertion of ancient texts and languages into the university, and the ideas of those texts into society generally, their influence was ultimately quite progressive. The emergence of classical texts... |
5731954b497a88190024908a | A concentration on the study of the self resulted in what field of study? | the humanities | [
"University\n\nAlthough the initial focus of the humanist scholars in the university was the discovery, exposition and insertion of ancient texts and languages into the university, and the ideas of those texts into society generally, their influence was ultimately quite progressive. The emergence of classical texts... |
5731954b497a88190024908b | What work did Vesalius push the study of? | Galen | [
"University\n\nAlthough the initial focus of the humanist scholars in the university was the discovery, exposition and insertion of ancient texts and languages into the university, and the ideas of those texts into society generally, their influence was ultimately quite progressive. The emergence of classical texts... |
5731954b497a88190024908c | What spread the use of texts by Galen within universities? | the printing press | [
"University\n\nAlthough the initial focus of the humanist scholars in the university was the discovery, exposition and insertion of ancient texts and languages into the university, and the ideas of those texts into society generally, their influence was ultimately quite progressive. The emergence of classical texts... |
573196f9e99e3014001e616a | In multiple countries in Europe students can attend a university with what kind if financial burden? | without tuition fees | [
"University\n\nThere are several major exceptions on tuition fees. In many European countries, it is possible to study without tuition fees. Public universities in Nordic countries were entirely without tuition fees until around 2005. Denmark, Sweden and Finland then moved to put in place tuition fees for foreign s... |
573196f9e99e3014001e616b | Until what year were public universities in nordic nation free of tuition? | around 2005 | [
"University\n\nThere are several major exceptions on tuition fees. In many European countries, it is possible to study without tuition fees. Public universities in Nordic countries were entirely without tuition fees until around 2005. Denmark, Sweden and Finland then moved to put in place tuition fees for foreign s... |
573196f9e99e3014001e616c | What kind of students pay fees in public universities in Denmark? | foreign students | [
"University\n\nThere are several major exceptions on tuition fees. In many European countries, it is possible to study without tuition fees. Public universities in Nordic countries were entirely without tuition fees until around 2005. Denmark, Sweden and Finland then moved to put in place tuition fees for foreign s... |
573196f9e99e3014001e616d | In terms of Universities in Denmark what is the fee status for citizens of EFA states? | exempted from tuition fees | [
"University\n\nThere are several major exceptions on tuition fees. In many European countries, it is possible to study without tuition fees. Public universities in Nordic countries were entirely without tuition fees until around 2005. Denmark, Sweden and Finland then moved to put in place tuition fees for foreign s... |
573196f9e99e3014001e616e | What happened to public grants in nordic universities that continued to allow foreign students? | increased | [
"University\n\nThere are several major exceptions on tuition fees. In many European countries, it is possible to study without tuition fees. Public universities in Nordic countries were entirely without tuition fees until around 2005. Denmark, Sweden and Finland then moved to put in place tuition fees for foreign s... |
573197890fdd8d15006c63b5 | In Ireland what word is mainly used instead of university? | college | [
"University\n\nColloquially, the term university may be used to describe a phase in one's life: \"When I was at university...\" (in the United States and Ireland, college is often used instead: \"When I was in college...\"). In Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, Nigeria, the Netherlands, Spain and ... |
573197890fdd8d15006c63b6 | Spain refers to a university in what other way? | uni | [
"University\n\nColloquially, the term university may be used to describe a phase in one's life: \"When I was at university...\" (in the United States and Ireland, college is often used instead: \"When I was in college...\"). In Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, Nigeria, the Netherlands, Spain and ... |
573197890fdd8d15006c63b7 | The nation of Ghana shortens university to what? | varsity | [
"University\n\nColloquially, the term university may be used to describe a phase in one's life: \"When I was at university...\" (in the United States and Ireland, college is often used instead: \"When I was in college...\"). In Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, Nigeria, the Netherlands, Spain and ... |
573197890fdd8d15006c63b8 | Scotland is said to frequently refer to university as what? | Varsity | [
"University\n\nColloquially, the term university may be used to describe a phase in one's life: \"When I was at university...\" (in the United States and Ireland, college is often used instead: \"When I was in college...\"). In Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, Nigeria, the Netherlands, Spain and ... |
573197890fdd8d15006c63b9 | In what century was it believed that the UK used the word varsity to refer to a university? | 19th | [
"University\n\nColloquially, the term university may be used to describe a phase in one's life: \"When I was at university...\" (in the United States and Ireland, college is often used instead: \"When I was in college...\"). In Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, Nigeria, the Netherlands, Spain and ... |
573198110fdd8d15006c63bf | A college teaches students for how many years in Canada? | two | [
"University\n\nIn Canada, \"college\" generally refers to a two-year, non-degree-granting institution, while \"university\" connotes a four-year, degree-granting institution. Universities may be sub-classified (as in the Macleans rankings) into large research universities with many PhD granting programs and medical... |
573198110fdd8d15006c63c0 | What type of institution is a college in Canada? | non-degree-granting | [
"University\n\nIn Canada, \"college\" generally refers to a two-year, non-degree-granting institution, while \"university\" connotes a four-year, degree-granting institution. Universities may be sub-classified (as in the Macleans rankings) into large research universities with many PhD granting programs and medical... |
573198110fdd8d15006c63c1 | How many years does a degree-granting university in Canada spend teaching students? | four | [
"University\n\nIn Canada, \"college\" generally refers to a two-year, non-degree-granting institution, while \"university\" connotes a four-year, degree-granting institution. Universities may be sub-classified (as in the Macleans rankings) into large research universities with many PhD granting programs and medical... |
573198110fdd8d15006c63c2 | What is McGill University in Canada an example of? | medical schools | [
"University\n\nIn Canada, \"college\" generally refers to a two-year, non-degree-granting institution, while \"university\" connotes a four-year, degree-granting institution. Universities may be sub-classified (as in the Macleans rankings) into large research universities with many PhD granting programs and medical... |
573198110fdd8d15006c63c3 | What type of university is St Francis Xavier in Canada? | undergraduate | [
"University\n\nIn Canada, \"college\" generally refers to a two-year, non-degree-granting institution, while \"university\" connotes a four-year, degree-granting institution. Universities may be sub-classified (as in the Macleans rankings) into large research universities with many PhD granting programs and medical... |
5731993c0fdd8d15006c63d3 | How many vice presidents do most universities have? | at least one | [
"University\n\nAlthough each institution is organized differently, nearly all universities have a board of trustees; a president, chancellor, or rector; at least one vice president, vice-chancellor, or vice-rector; and deans of various divisions. Universities are generally divided into a number of academic departme... |
5731993c0fdd8d15006c63d4 | What kind of board does a university commonly have? | a board of trustees | [
"University\n\nAlthough each institution is organized differently, nearly all universities have a board of trustees; a president, chancellor, or rector; at least one vice president, vice-chancellor, or vice-rector; and deans of various divisions. Universities are generally divided into a number of academic departme... |
5731993c0fdd8d15006c63d5 | What are the different departments of a university called? | schools or faculties | [
"University\n\nAlthough each institution is organized differently, nearly all universities have a board of trustees; a president, chancellor, or rector; at least one vice president, vice-chancellor, or vice-rector; and deans of various divisions. Universities are generally divided into a number of academic departme... |
5731993c0fdd8d15006c63d6 | Who controls public universities? | government-run higher education boards | [
"University\n\nAlthough each institution is organized differently, nearly all universities have a board of trustees; a president, chancellor, or rector; at least one vice president, vice-chancellor, or vice-rector; and deans of various divisions. Universities are generally divided into a number of academic departme... |
5731993c0fdd8d15006c63d7 | Besides students, what is the source of funds of private universities? | business corporations | [
"University\n\nAlthough each institution is organized differently, nearly all universities have a board of trustees; a president, chancellor, or rector; at least one vice president, vice-chancellor, or vice-rector; and deans of various divisions. Universities are generally divided into a number of academic departme... |
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