id stringlengths 24 24 | question stringlengths 1 270 | answer stringlengths 1 239 | documents listlengths 1 1 |
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56e4c4a539bdeb14003479ce | What school was a response to Brutalism? | the school of metaphoric architecture | [
"Architecture\n\nOne such reaction to the cold aesthetic of modernism and Brutalism is the school of metaphoric architecture, which includes such things as biomorphism and zoomorphic architecture, both using nature as the primary source of inspiration and design. While it is considered by some to be merely an aspec... |
56e4c4a539bdeb14003479cf | What are two examples of metaphoric architecture? | biomorphism and zoomorphic architecture | [
"Architecture\n\nOne such reaction to the cold aesthetic of modernism and Brutalism is the school of metaphoric architecture, which includes such things as biomorphism and zoomorphic architecture, both using nature as the primary source of inspiration and design. While it is considered by some to be merely an aspec... |
56e4c4a539bdeb14003479d0 | What are biomorphism and zoomorphic architecture based after design wise? | nature | [
"Architecture\n\nOne such reaction to the cold aesthetic of modernism and Brutalism is the school of metaphoric architecture, which includes such things as biomorphism and zoomorphic architecture, both using nature as the primary source of inspiration and design. While it is considered by some to be merely an aspec... |
56e4c4a539bdeb14003479d1 | What type of architecture do some consider metaphoric architecture to be a development of? | expressionist architecture | [
"Architecture\n\nOne such reaction to the cold aesthetic of modernism and Brutalism is the school of metaphoric architecture, which includes such things as biomorphism and zoomorphic architecture, both using nature as the primary source of inspiration and design. While it is considered by some to be merely an aspec... |
56e4cced8c00841900fbafeb | When was the start of the architectural phenomenology movement? | the late 1950s and 1960s | [
"Architecture\n\nBeginning in the late 1950s and 1960s, architectural phenomenology emerged as an important movement in the early reaction against modernism, with architects like Charles Moore in the USA, Christian Norberg-Schulz in Norway, and Ernesto Nathan Rogers and Vittorio Gregotti in Italy, who collectively ... |
56e4cced8c00841900fbafec | What was architectural phenomenology reacting to? | modernism | [
"Architecture\n\nBeginning in the late 1950s and 1960s, architectural phenomenology emerged as an important movement in the early reaction against modernism, with architects like Charles Moore in the USA, Christian Norberg-Schulz in Norway, and Ernesto Nathan Rogers and Vittorio Gregotti in Italy, who collectively ... |
56e4cced8c00841900fbafed | What were the architectural phenomenologists hoping to expand? | human experience | [
"Architecture\n\nBeginning in the late 1950s and 1960s, architectural phenomenology emerged as an important movement in the early reaction against modernism, with architects like Charles Moore in the USA, Christian Norberg-Schulz in Norway, and Ernesto Nathan Rogers and Vittorio Gregotti in Italy, who collectively ... |
56e4cced8c00841900fbafee | Who called postmodern architecture a "decorated shed"? | Robert Venturi | [
"Architecture\n\nBeginning in the late 1950s and 1960s, architectural phenomenology emerged as an important movement in the early reaction against modernism, with architects like Charles Moore in the USA, Christian Norberg-Schulz in Norway, and Ernesto Nathan Rogers and Vittorio Gregotti in Italy, who collectively ... |
56e4cced8c00841900fbafef | What term did Venturi use for brutalist and mondernist buildings? | "ducks" | [
"Architecture\n\nBeginning in the late 1950s and 1960s, architectural phenomenology emerged as an important movement in the early reaction against modernism, with architects like Charles Moore in the USA, Christian Norberg-Schulz in Norway, and Ernesto Nathan Rogers and Vittorio Gregotti in Italy, who collectively ... |
56e4cdc339bdeb14003479d6 | About when did architecture begin specializing? | Since the 1980s | [
"Architecture\n\nSince the 1980s, as the complexity of buildings began to increase (in terms of structural systems, services, energy and technologies), the field of architecture became multi-disciplinary with specializations for each project type, technological expertise or project delivery methods. In addition, th... |
56e4cdc339bdeb14003479d8 | Who can no longer design a large structure? | one person | [
"Architecture\n\nSince the 1980s, as the complexity of buildings began to increase (in terms of structural systems, services, energy and technologies), the field of architecture became multi-disciplinary with specializations for each project type, technological expertise or project delivery methods. In addition, th... |
56e4cdc339bdeb14003479d9 | What two architectural movements have come under criticism for their focus on individuality? | Modernism and Postmodernism | [
"Architecture\n\nSince the 1980s, as the complexity of buildings began to increase (in terms of structural systems, services, energy and technologies), the field of architecture became multi-disciplinary with specializations for each project type, technological expertise or project delivery methods. In addition, th... |
56e4ceac8c00841900fbaff5 | What issue has moved to the forefront in recent years? | Environmental sustainability | [
"Architecture\n\nEnvironmental sustainability has become a mainstream issue, with profound effect on the architectural profession. Many developers, those who support the financing of buildings, have become educated to encourage the facilitation of environmentally sustainable design, rather than solutions based prim... |
56e4ceac8c00841900fbaff6 | What do architecture schools look at more and more nowadays? | the environment | [
"Architecture\n\nEnvironmental sustainability has become a mainstream issue, with profound effect on the architectural profession. Many developers, those who support the financing of buildings, have become educated to encourage the facilitation of environmentally sustainable design, rather than solutions based prim... |
56e4ceac8c00841900fbaff7 | Who was the first to design architecture environmentally? | Frank Lloyd Wright | [
"Architecture\n\nEnvironmental sustainability has become a mainstream issue, with profound effect on the architectural profession. Many developers, those who support the financing of buildings, have become educated to encourage the facilitation of environmentally sustainable design, rather than solutions based prim... |
56e4ceac8c00841900fbaff8 | Who was known for focusing on the environment in the 1960s? | Buckminster Fuller | [
"Architecture\n\nEnvironmental sustainability has become a mainstream issue, with profound effect on the architectural profession. Many developers, those who support the financing of buildings, have become educated to encourage the facilitation of environmentally sustainable design, rather than solutions based prim... |
56e4ceac8c00841900fbaff9 | What organization's rating system promotes sustainability? | The U.S. Green Building Council | [
"Architecture\n\nEnvironmental sustainability has become a mainstream issue, with profound effect on the architectural profession. Many developers, those who support the financing of buildings, have become educated to encourage the facilitation of environmentally sustainable design, rather than solutions based prim... |
56e4cfd839bdeb14003479de | What are three new movements that have a focus on sustainability? | New Urbanism, Metaphoric architecture and New Classical Architecture | [
"Architecture\n\nConcurrently, the recent movements of New Urbanism, Metaphoric architecture and New Classical Architecture promote a sustainable approach towards construction, that appreciates and develops smart growth, architectural tradition and classical design. This in contrast to modernist and globally unifor... |
56e4cfd839bdeb14003479df | What kinds of buildings and building developments are the new movements not in favor of? | solitary housing estates and suburban sprawl. | [
"Architecture\n\nConcurrently, the recent movements of New Urbanism, Metaphoric architecture and New Classical Architecture promote a sustainable approach towards construction, that appreciates and develops smart growth, architectural tradition and classical design. This in contrast to modernist and globally unifor... |
56e4cfd839bdeb14003479e0 | What are three things the new movements try to achieve? | smart growth, architectural tradition and classical design | [
"Architecture\n\nConcurrently, the recent movements of New Urbanism, Metaphoric architecture and New Classical Architecture promote a sustainable approach towards construction, that appreciates and develops smart growth, architectural tradition and classical design. This in contrast to modernist and globally unifor... |
56e4cfd839bdeb14003479e1 | What older architectural movements do the newer movements not go along with? | modernist and globally uniform architecture | [
"Architecture\n\nConcurrently, the recent movements of New Urbanism, Metaphoric architecture and New Classical Architecture promote a sustainable approach towards construction, that appreciates and develops smart growth, architectural tradition and classical design. This in contrast to modernist and globally unifor... |
56de2c7c4396321400ee2625 | Which three statistics does the HDI compile? | life expectancy, education, and income per capita | [
"Human_Development_Index\n\nThe Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and income per capita indicators, which are used to rank countries into four tiers of human development. A country scores higher HDI when the life expectancy at birth is longer, the education period... |
56de2c7c4396321400ee2626 | Does a high ranking on the HDI indicate shorter or longer life expectancy? | longer | [
"Human_Development_Index\n\nThe Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and income per capita indicators, which are used to rank countries into four tiers of human development. A country scores higher HDI when the life expectancy at birth is longer, the education period... |
56de2c7c4396321400ee2628 | Who developed the HDI? | Mahbub ul Haq | [
"Human_Development_Index\n\nThe Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and income per capita indicators, which are used to rank countries into four tiers of human development. A country scores higher HDI when the life expectancy at birth is longer, the education period... |
56de2c7c4396321400ee2629 | What entity publishes the HDI? | United Nations Development Programme | [
"Human_Development_Index\n\nThe Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and income per capita indicators, which are used to rank countries into four tiers of human development. A country scores higher HDI when the life expectancy at birth is longer, the education period... |
56de3d98cffd8e1900b4b6c9 | Does a high ranking on the HDI indicate shorter or longer life expectancy at birth? | longer | [
"Human_Development_Index\n\nThe Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and income per capita indicators, which are used to rank countries into four tiers of human development. A country scores higher HDI when the life expectancy at birth is longer, the education period... |
56de2d2acffd8e1900b4b624 | In what year did the Human Development Report introduce the IHDI? | 2010 | [
"Human_Development_Index\n\nThe 2010 Human Development Report introduced an Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI). While the simple HDI remains useful, it stated that \"the IHDI is the actual level of human development (accounting for inequality),\" and \"the HDI can be viewed as an index of 'potential... |
56de2d2acffd8e1900b4b625 | What does IHDI stand for? | Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index | [
"Human_Development_Index\n\nThe 2010 Human Development Report introduced an Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI). While the simple HDI remains useful, it stated that \"the IHDI is the actual level of human development (accounting for inequality),\" and \"the HDI can be viewed as an index of 'potential... |
56de3e1bcffd8e1900b4b6d6 | Which measures the potential development, the HDI or the IHDI? | the HDI | [
"Human_Development_Index\n\nThe 2010 Human Development Report introduced an Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI). While the simple HDI remains useful, it stated that \"the IHDI is the actual level of human development (accounting for inequality),\" and \"the HDI can be viewed as an index of 'potential... |
56de2e934396321400ee2646 | In what year did Mahbub ul Haq devise and launch the HDI? | 1990 | [
"Human_Development_Index\n\nThe origins of the HDI are found in the annual Development Reports of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). These were devised and launched by Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq in 1990 and had the explicit purpose \"to shift the focus of development economics from national inc... |
56de2e934396321400ee2648 | Who was initially opposed to the idea of creating the HDI? | Amartya Sen | [
"Human_Development_Index\n\nThe origins of the HDI are found in the annual Development Reports of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). These were devised and launched by Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq in 1990 and had the explicit purpose \"to shift the focus of development economics from national inc... |
56de2e934396321400ee2649 | Mahbub ul Haq was hoping to shift the focus of development economics to what type of policies? | people-centered policies | [
"Human_Development_Index\n\nThe origins of the HDI are found in the annual Development Reports of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). These were devised and launched by Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq in 1990 and had the explicit purpose \"to shift the focus of development economics from national inc... |
56de3e61cffd8e1900b4b6e6 | Which year was used for estimates in the 2011 report? | 1990 | [
"Human_Development_Index\n\nThe origins of the HDI are found in the annual Development Reports of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). These were devised and launched by Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq in 1990 and had the explicit purpose \"to shift the focus of development economics from national inc... |
56de2ee04396321400ee2650 | What does LE stand for? | Life expectancy at birth | [
"Human_Development_Index\n\nLE: Life expectancy at birth\nMYS: Mean years of schooling (Years that a person 25 years-of-age or older has spent in schools)\nEYS: Expected years of schooling (Years that a 5-year-old child will spend in schools throughout his life)\nGNIpc: Gross national income at purchasing power par... |
56de2ee04396321400ee2651 | What does MYS stand for? | Mean years of schooling | [
"Human_Development_Index\n\nLE: Life expectancy at birth\nMYS: Mean years of schooling (Years that a person 25 years-of-age or older has spent in schools)\nEYS: Expected years of schooling (Years that a 5-year-old child will spend in schools throughout his life)\nGNIpc: Gross national income at purchasing power par... |
56de2ee04396321400ee2652 | What does EYS stand for? | Expected years of schooling | [
"Human_Development_Index\n\nLE: Life expectancy at birth\nMYS: Mean years of schooling (Years that a person 25 years-of-age or older has spent in schools)\nEYS: Expected years of schooling (Years that a 5-year-old child will spend in schools throughout his life)\nGNIpc: Gross national income at purchasing power par... |
56de2ee04396321400ee2653 | What does GNIpc stand for? | Gross national income at purchasing power parity per capita | [
"Human_Development_Index\n\nLE: Life expectancy at birth\nMYS: Mean years of schooling (Years that a person 25 years-of-age or older has spent in schools)\nEYS: Expected years of schooling (Years that a 5-year-old child will spend in schools throughout his life)\nGNIpc: Gross national income at purchasing power par... |
56de2f34cffd8e1900b4b63a | What entity makes the defining formula for the HDI well-known? | the United Nations Development Programme | [
"Human_Development_Index\n\nThe formula defining the HDI is promulgated by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). In general, to transform a raw variable, say , into a unit-free index between 0 and 1 (which allows different indices to be added together), the following formula is used:"
] |
56de2f784396321400ee2658 | On what date was the 2015 Human Development Report released? | December 14, 2015 | [
"Human_Development_Index\n\nThe 2015 Human Development Report by the United Nations Development Program was released on December 14, 2015, and calculates HDI values based on estimates for 2014. Below is the list of the \"very high human development\" countries:"
] |
56de2f784396321400ee2659 | Which year was used for estimates in the 2015 report? | 2014 | [
"Human_Development_Index\n\nThe 2015 Human Development Report by the United Nations Development Program was released on December 14, 2015, and calculates HDI values based on estimates for 2014. Below is the list of the \"very high human development\" countries:"
] |
56de2fa0cffd8e1900b4b63e | On what date was the 2014 Human Development Report released? | July 24, 2014 | [
"Human_Development_Index\n\nThe 2014 Human Development Report by the United Nations Development Program was released on July 24, 2014, and calculates HDI values based on estimates for 2013. Below is the list of the \"very high human development\" countries:"
] |
56de2fa0cffd8e1900b4b63f | Which year was used for estimates in the 2014 report? | 2013 | [
"Human_Development_Index\n\nThe 2014 Human Development Report by the United Nations Development Program was released on July 24, 2014, and calculates HDI values based on estimates for 2013. Below is the list of the \"very high human development\" countries:"
] |
56de2fedcffd8e1900b4b642 | What does the IHDI specifically take into account? | Inequality | [
"Human_Development_Index\n\nThe Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI) is a \"measure of the average level of human development of people in a society once inequality is taken into account.\""
] |
56de2fedcffd8e1900b4b643 | Does the IHDI measure the "average" or the "potential" level of human development? | the average level | [
"Human_Development_Index\n\nThe Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI) is a \"measure of the average level of human development of people in a society once inequality is taken into account.\""
] |
56de30cdcffd8e1900b4b64f | Which Caribbean nation is in the top quartile of HDI (but missing IHDI)? | Cuba | [
"Human_Development_Index\n\nCountries in the top quartile of HDI (\"very high human development\" group) with a missing IHDI: New Zealand, Singapore, Hong Kong, Liechtenstein, Brunei, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Andorra, United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Cuba, and Kuwait."
] |
56de30cdcffd8e1900b4b650 | Is the top quartile of HDI considered "high" or "very high" human development? | very high | [
"Human_Development_Index\n\nCountries in the top quartile of HDI (\"very high human development\" group) with a missing IHDI: New Zealand, Singapore, Hong Kong, Liechtenstein, Brunei, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Andorra, United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Cuba, and Kuwait."
] |
56de3178cffd8e1900b4b659 | What is the main reason that countries were excluded from the 2014 report? | lack of necessary data | [
"Human_Development_Index\n\nSome countries were not included for various reasons, primarily the lack of necessary data. The following United Nations Member States were not included in the 2014 report: North Korea, Marshall Islands, Monaco, Nauru, San Marino, Somalia, India, Pakistan, South Sudan, and Tuvalu."
] |
56de412c4396321400ee2710 | Which East Asian dictatorship was excluded from the 2014 report? | North Korea | [
"Human_Development_Index\n\nSome countries were not included for various reasons, primarily the lack of necessary data. The following United Nations Member States were not included in the 2014 report: North Korea, Marshall Islands, Monaco, Nauru, San Marino, Somalia, India, Pakistan, South Sudan, and Tuvalu."
] |
56de31984396321400ee2672 | On what date was the 2013 Human Development Report released? | March 14, 2013 | [
"Human_Development_Index\n\nThe 2013 Human Development Report by the United Nations Development Program was released on March 14, 2013, and calculates HDI values based on estimates for 2012. Below is the list of the \"very high human development\" countries:"
] |
56de31984396321400ee2673 | Which year was used for estimates in the 2013 report? | 2012 | [
"Human_Development_Index\n\nThe 2013 Human Development Report by the United Nations Development Program was released on March 14, 2013, and calculates HDI values based on estimates for 2012. Below is the list of the \"very high human development\" countries:"
] |
56de31f34396321400ee2680 | Does the IHDI measure the "average" or the "potential" level of human development? | the average level | [
"Human_Development_Index\n\nThe Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI) is a \"measure of the average level of human development of people in a society once inequality is taken into account.\""
] |
56de43294396321400ee2736 | What is the main reason that countries were excluded from the 2011 report? | unavailability of certain crucial data | [
"Human_Development_Index\n\nSome countries were not included for various reasons, mainly the unavailability of certain crucial data. The following United Nations Member States were not included in the 2011 report: North Korea, Marshall Islands, Monaco, Nauru, San Marino, South Sudan, Somalia and Tuvalu."
] |
56de43294396321400ee2738 | Which East Asian dictatorship was excluded from the 2011 report? | North Korea | [
"Human_Development_Index\n\nSome countries were not included for various reasons, mainly the unavailability of certain crucial data. The following United Nations Member States were not included in the 2011 report: North Korea, Marshall Islands, Monaco, Nauru, San Marino, South Sudan, Somalia and Tuvalu."
] |
56de4347cffd8e1900b4b741 | On what date was the 2010 Human Development Report released? | November 4, 2010 | [
"Human_Development_Index\n\nThe 2010 Human Development Report by the United Nations Development Program was released on November 4, 2010, and calculates HDI values based on estimates for 2010. Below is the list of the \"very high human development\" countries:"
] |
56de4347cffd8e1900b4b742 | Which year was used for estimates in the 2010 report? | 2010 | [
"Human_Development_Index\n\nThe 2010 Human Development Report by the United Nations Development Program was released on November 4, 2010, and calculates HDI values based on estimates for 2010. Below is the list of the \"very high human development\" countries:"
] |
56de43cdcffd8e1900b4b746 | In the IHDI, inequality is factored into what three human development dimensions? | income, life expectancy, and education | [
"Human_Development_Index\n\nThe 2010 Human Development Report was the first to calculate an Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI), which factors in inequalities in the three basic dimensions of human development (income, life expectancy, and education). Below is a list of countries in the top quartile ... |
56de44f14396321400ee2742 | What is the main reason that countries were excluded from the 2010 report? | unavailability of certain crucial data | [
"Human_Development_Index\n\nSome countries were not included for various reasons, mainly the unavailability of certain crucial data. The following United Nations Member States were not included in the 2010 report. Cuba lodged a formal protest at its lack of inclusion. The UNDP explained that Cuba had been excluded ... |
56de44f14396321400ee2743 | Which Caribbean nation protested its exclusion from the 2010 report? | Cuba | [
"Human_Development_Index\n\nSome countries were not included for various reasons, mainly the unavailability of certain crucial data. The following United Nations Member States were not included in the 2010 report. Cuba lodged a formal protest at its lack of inclusion. The UNDP explained that Cuba had been excluded ... |
56de44f14396321400ee2745 | What ranking has Cuba been given since the situation with the missing data was addressed? | High Human Development country | [
"Human_Development_Index\n\nSome countries were not included for various reasons, mainly the unavailability of certain crucial data. The following United Nations Member States were not included in the 2010 report. Cuba lodged a formal protest at its lack of inclusion. The UNDP explained that Cuba had been excluded ... |
56de45944396321400ee274a | On what date was the 2009 Human Development Report released? | October 5, 2009 | [
"Human_Development_Index\n\nThe 2009 Human Development Report by UNDP was released on October 5, 2009, and covers the period up to 2007. It was titled \"Overcoming barriers: Human mobility and development\". The top countries by HDI were grouped in a new category called \"very high human development\". The report r... |
56de45944396321400ee274b | What period is covered by the 2009 Human Development Report? | period up to 2007 | [
"Human_Development_Index\n\nThe 2009 Human Development Report by UNDP was released on October 5, 2009, and covers the period up to 2007. It was titled \"Overcoming barriers: Human mobility and development\". The top countries by HDI were grouped in a new category called \"very high human development\". The report r... |
56de45944396321400ee274c | What was another title for the 2009 Human Development Report? | Overcoming barriers: Human mobility and development | [
"Human_Development_Index\n\nThe 2009 Human Development Report by UNDP was released on October 5, 2009, and covers the period up to 2007. It was titled \"Overcoming barriers: Human mobility and development\". The top countries by HDI were grouped in a new category called \"very high human development\". The report r... |
56de45944396321400ee274d | What new category was added in the 2009 Human Development Report? | very high human development | [
"Human_Development_Index\n\nThe 2009 Human Development Report by UNDP was released on October 5, 2009, and covers the period up to 2007. It was titled \"Overcoming barriers: Human mobility and development\". The top countries by HDI were grouped in a new category called \"very high human development\". The report r... |
56de45944396321400ee274e | How does the 2009 Human Development Report refer to countries that rank "very high"? | developed countries | [
"Human_Development_Index\n\nThe 2009 Human Development Report by UNDP was released on October 5, 2009, and covers the period up to 2007. It was titled \"Overcoming barriers: Human mobility and development\". The top countries by HDI were grouped in a new category called \"very high human development\". The report r... |
56de45d84396321400ee2754 | What three reasons were mentioned for countries being excluded? | being a non-UN member or unable or unwilling to provide the necessary data at the time of publication | [
"Human_Development_Index\n\nSome countries were not included for various reasons, such as being a non-UN member or unable or unwilling to provide the necessary data at the time of publication. Besides the states with limited recognition, the following states were also not included."
] |
56de46cb4396321400ee275e | What type of update was released on December 18, 2008? | statistical update | [
"Human_Development_Index\n\nA new index was released on December 18, 2008. This so-called \"statistical update\" covered the period up to 2006 and was published without an accompanying Human Development Report. The update is relevant due to newly released estimates of purchasing power parities (PPP), implying subst... |
56de46cb4396321400ee275f | What was the index published on December 18, 2008 lacking? | an accompanying Human Development Report | [
"Human_Development_Index\n\nA new index was released on December 18, 2008. This so-called \"statistical update\" covered the period up to 2006 and was published without an accompanying Human Development Report. The update is relevant due to newly released estimates of purchasing power parities (PPP), implying subst... |
56de46cb4396321400ee2760 | What period was covered by the statistical update index released in December of 2008? | up to 2006 | [
"Human_Development_Index\n\nA new index was released on December 18, 2008. This so-called \"statistical update\" covered the period up to 2006 and was published without an accompanying Human Development Report. The update is relevant due to newly released estimates of purchasing power parities (PPP), implying subst... |
56de47f7cffd8e1900b4b77d | On what date was the 2007/2008 Human Development Report released? | November 27, 2007 | [
"Human_Development_Index\n\nThe Human Development Report for 2007/2008 was launched in Brasília, Brazil, on November 27, 2007. Its focus was on \"Fighting climate change: Human solidarity in a divided world.\" Most of the data used for the report are derived largely from 2005 or earlier, thus indicating an HDI for ... |
56de47f7cffd8e1900b4b77e | What was the focus of the 2007/2008 Human Development Report? | Fighting climate change: Human solidarity in a divided world | [
"Human_Development_Index\n\nThe Human Development Report for 2007/2008 was launched in Brasília, Brazil, on November 27, 2007. Its focus was on \"Fighting climate change: Human solidarity in a divided world.\" Most of the data used for the report are derived largely from 2005 or earlier, thus indicating an HDI for ... |
56de47f7cffd8e1900b4b77f | What is the most recent year that was included in the 2007/2008 Human Development Report? | 2005 | [
"Human_Development_Index\n\nThe Human Development Report for 2007/2008 was launched in Brasília, Brazil, on November 27, 2007. Its focus was on \"Fighting climate change: Human solidarity in a divided world.\" Most of the data used for the report are derived largely from 2005 or earlier, thus indicating an HDI for ... |
56de47f7cffd8e1900b4b780 | The HDI in the 2007/2008 Human Development Report is for what year? | 2005 | [
"Human_Development_Index\n\nThe Human Development Report for 2007/2008 was launched in Brasília, Brazil, on November 27, 2007. Its focus was on \"Fighting climate change: Human solidarity in a divided world.\" Most of the data used for the report are derived largely from 2005 or earlier, thus indicating an HDI for ... |
56de47f7cffd8e1900b4b781 | Where was the 2007/2008 Human Development Report launched? | Brasília, Brazil | [
"Human_Development_Index\n\nThe Human Development Report for 2007/2008 was launched in Brasília, Brazil, on November 27, 2007. Its focus was on \"Fighting climate change: Human solidarity in a divided world.\" Most of the data used for the report are derived largely from 2005 or earlier, thus indicating an HDI for ... |
56de48cc4396321400ee276d | Which countries experienced a decrease in HDI? | high income countries | [
"Human_Development_Index\n\nThe report showed a small increase in world HDI in comparison with last year's report. This rise was fueled by a general improvement in the developing world, especially of the least developed countries group. This marked improvement at the bottom was offset with a decrease in HDI of high... |
56de494dcffd8e1900b4b795 | Under what number does a country need to fall in order to be considered a "low development" country? | 0.5 | [
"Human_Development_Index\n\nA HDI below 0.5 is considered to represent \"low development\". All 22 countries in that category are located in Africa. The highest-scoring Sub-Saharan countries, Gabon and South Africa, are ranked 119th and 121st, respectively. Nine countries departed from this category this year and j... |
56de494dcffd8e1900b4b796 | On which continent are all 22 of the low development countries located? | Africa | [
"Human_Development_Index\n\nA HDI below 0.5 is considered to represent \"low development\". All 22 countries in that category are located in Africa. The highest-scoring Sub-Saharan countries, Gabon and South Africa, are ranked 119th and 121st, respectively. Nine countries departed from this category this year and j... |
56de494dcffd8e1900b4b797 | What is Gabon's ranking? | 119th | [
"Human_Development_Index\n\nA HDI below 0.5 is considered to represent \"low development\". All 22 countries in that category are located in Africa. The highest-scoring Sub-Saharan countries, Gabon and South Africa, are ranked 119th and 121st, respectively. Nine countries departed from this category this year and j... |
56de494dcffd8e1900b4b798 | What is South Africa's ranking? | 121st | [
"Human_Development_Index\n\nA HDI below 0.5 is considered to represent \"low development\". All 22 countries in that category are located in Africa. The highest-scoring Sub-Saharan countries, Gabon and South Africa, are ranked 119th and 121st, respectively. Nine countries departed from this category this year and j... |
56de494dcffd8e1900b4b799 | What are the two highest ranking Sub-Saharan countries? | Gabon and South Africa | [
"Human_Development_Index\n\nA HDI below 0.5 is considered to represent \"low development\". All 22 countries in that category are located in Africa. The highest-scoring Sub-Saharan countries, Gabon and South Africa, are ranked 119th and 121st, respectively. Nine countries departed from this category this year and j... |
56de4a81cffd8e1900b4b7b5 | What number indicates the minimum score for a country to be considered a "high development" country? | 0.8 | [
"Human_Development_Index\n\nA HDI of 0.8 or more is considered to represent \"high development\". This includes all developed countries, such as those in North America, Western Europe, Oceania, and Eastern Asia, as well as some developing countries in Eastern Europe, Central and South America, Southeast Asia, the C... |
56de4a81cffd8e1900b4b7b7 | Which South American country was included among the seven promoted countries? | Brazil | [
"Human_Development_Index\n\nA HDI of 0.8 or more is considered to represent \"high development\". This includes all developed countries, such as those in North America, Western Europe, Oceania, and Eastern Asia, as well as some developing countries in Eastern Europe, Central and South America, Southeast Asia, the C... |
56de4a81cffd8e1900b4b7b8 | What is the largest country that was included among the seven promoted countries? | Russia | [
"Human_Development_Index\n\nA HDI of 0.8 or more is considered to represent \"high development\". This includes all developed countries, such as those in North America, Western Europe, Oceania, and Eastern Asia, as well as some developing countries in Eastern Europe, Central and South America, Southeast Asia, the C... |
56de4adf4396321400ee278c | If there is a decrease in a country's ranking, which indicator will be present? | red arrows | [
"Human_Development_Index\n\nOn the following table, green arrows () represent an increase in ranking over the previous study, while red arrows () represent a decrease in ranking. They are followed by the number of spaces they moved. Blue dashes () represent a nation that did not move in the rankings since the previ... |
56de4adf4396321400ee278d | If there is an increase in a country's ranking, which indicator will be present? | green arrows | [
"Human_Development_Index\n\nOn the following table, green arrows () represent an increase in ranking over the previous study, while red arrows () represent a decrease in ranking. They are followed by the number of spaces they moved. Blue dashes () represent a nation that did not move in the rankings since the previ... |
56de4adf4396321400ee278e | If a country's ranking does not change, which indicator will be present? | Blue dash | [
"Human_Development_Index\n\nOn the following table, green arrows () represent an increase in ranking over the previous study, while red arrows () represent a decrease in ranking. They are followed by the number of spaces they moved. Blue dashes () represent a nation that did not move in the rankings since the previ... |
56de4b6dcffd8e1900b4b7c5 | Which country has been ranked highest the most number of times? | Norway | [
"Human_Development_Index\n\nThe list below displays the top-ranked country from each year of the Human Development Index. Norway has been ranked the highest twelve times, Canada eight times, followed by Japan which has been ranked highest three times. Iceland has been ranked highest twice."
] |
56de4b6dcffd8e1900b4b7c9 | Which country has received the top rank twice? | Iceland | [
"Human_Development_Index\n\nThe list below displays the top-ranked country from each year of the Human Development Index. Norway has been ranked the highest twelve times, Canada eight times, followed by Japan which has been ranked highest three times. Iceland has been ranked highest twice."
] |
56de4c68cffd8e1900b4b7d5 | The HDI has been criticized for focusing exclusively on what? | national performance and ranking | [
"Human_Development_Index\n\nThe Human Development Index has been criticized on a number of grounds including alleged ideological biases towards egalitarianism and so-called \"Western models of development\", failure to include any ecological considerations, lack of consideration of technological development or cont... |
56de4c68cffd8e1900b4b7d6 | Has the HDI been criticized for being biased towards Western or towards Eastern models of development? | Western | [
"Human_Development_Index\n\nThe Human Development Index has been criticized on a number of grounds including alleged ideological biases towards egalitarianism and so-called \"Western models of development\", failure to include any ecological considerations, lack of consideration of technological development or cont... |
56de4c68cffd8e1900b4b7d7 | The HDI has been criticized for lack of what type of perspective on development? | global | [
"Human_Development_Index\n\nThe Human Development Index has been criticized on a number of grounds including alleged ideological biases towards egalitarianism and so-called \"Western models of development\", failure to include any ecological considerations, lack of consideration of technological development or cont... |
56de4c68cffd8e1900b4b7d9 | Critics of the HDI cite its focus on which: egalitarianism or authoritarianism? | egalitarianism | [
"Human_Development_Index\n\nThe Human Development Index has been criticized on a number of grounds including alleged ideological biases towards egalitarianism and so-called \"Western models of development\", failure to include any ecological considerations, lack of consideration of technological development or cont... |
56de4ded4396321400ee27c3 | How many economists were cited as pointing out data errors in the HDI? | three | [
"Human_Development_Index\n\nEconomists Hendrik Wolff, Howard Chong and Maximilian Auffhammer discuss the HDI from the perspective of data error in the underlying health, education and income statistics used to construct the HDI. They identified three sources of data error which are due to (i) data updating, (ii) fo... |
56de4ded4396321400ee27c5 | In what year did the UNDP respond to the criticism of its report? | 2010 | [
"Human_Development_Index\n\nEconomists Hendrik Wolff, Howard Chong and Maximilian Auffhammer discuss the HDI from the perspective of data error in the underlying health, education and income statistics used to construct the HDI. They identified three sources of data error which are due to (i) data updating, (ii) fo... |
56de4ded4396321400ee27c6 | Which magazine publication carried a statement from the Human Development Report Office in January, 2011? | The Economist | [
"Human_Development_Index\n\nEconomists Hendrik Wolff, Howard Chong and Maximilian Auffhammer discuss the HDI from the perspective of data error in the underlying health, education and income statistics used to construct the HDI. They identified three sources of data error which are due to (i) data updating, (ii) fo... |
56de4ea54396321400ee27ce | How many countries were included in the 2009 HDI? | 182 | [
"Human_Development_Index\n\nThe HDI has extended its geographical coverage: David Hastings, of the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, published a report geographically extending the HDI to 230+ economies, whereas the UNDP HDI for 2009 enumerates 182 economies and coverage for th... |
56de4ea54396321400ee27cf | How many countries were included in the 2010 HDI? | 169 | [
"Human_Development_Index\n\nThe HDI has extended its geographical coverage: David Hastings, of the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, published a report geographically extending the HDI to 230+ economies, whereas the UNDP HDI for 2009 enumerates 182 economies and coverage for th... |
56de31d34396321400ee2676 | What is another term for southern Europe | Mediterranean Europe | [
"Southern_Europe\n\nSome definitions of southern Europe, also known as Mediterranean Europe, include the countries of the Iberian peninsula (Spain and Portugal), the Italian peninsula, southern France and Greece. Other definitions sometimes include the Balkan countries of southeast Europe, which are geographically ... |
56de31d34396321400ee2677 | What is the name for the stretch of land on which Spain and Portugal are located? | Iberian peninsula | [
"Southern_Europe\n\nSome definitions of southern Europe, also known as Mediterranean Europe, include the countries of the Iberian peninsula (Spain and Portugal), the Italian peninsula, southern France and Greece. Other definitions sometimes include the Balkan countries of southeast Europe, which are geographically ... |
56de31d34396321400ee2678 | What nations are sometimes included in the scope of southern Europe? | Balkan countries | [
"Southern_Europe\n\nSome definitions of southern Europe, also known as Mediterranean Europe, include the countries of the Iberian peninsula (Spain and Portugal), the Italian peninsula, southern France and Greece. Other definitions sometimes include the Balkan countries of southeast Europe, which are geographically ... |
56de31d34396321400ee2679 | What area of France is considered a part of Mediterranean Europe? | southern France | [
"Southern_Europe\n\nSome definitions of southern Europe, also known as Mediterranean Europe, include the countries of the Iberian peninsula (Spain and Portugal), the Italian peninsula, southern France and Greece. Other definitions sometimes include the Balkan countries of southeast Europe, which are geographically ... |
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