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enforced throughout the republic. Until Germany joined the European Union in 1987, a version of the Reinheitsgebot was still part of the German tax code, with the addition of yeast (until Louis Pasteur came along, yeast’s role in fermentation wasn’t |
known), and the inclusion of ingredients that can also be used in other food, such as wheat. Many German brewers still proudly claim to follow the Reinheitsgebot, and beers that do comply get special protections as a traditional food. It’s |
used as a marketing tool, and the beers have “Gebraut nach dem deutschen Reinheitsgebot” (brewed according to the German Purity Ordinance) on the label. Today the penalty for not abiding by the Reinheitsgebot may only be the upturned noses of |
some American craft brewers. But in the 16th century, the consequences of brewing an offending beer were far more dire: They lost the beer. “Whosoever knowingly disregards or transgresses upon this ordinance, shall be punished by the court authorities’ confiscating |
Circa 1915-1918. Courtesy New York Public Library - April 7, 1933: Gimme a Tall, Cold One - It’s Beer O’Clock! Watch Has Built-In Bottle Opener - Why Geologists Love Beer - How Wired.com Built Beer Robot, Our DIY Kegerator - |
Beer Gear, From Can to Refrigerator Robot - April 23, 1827: Shedding a Ray of Light on Rays of Light - April 23, 1940: Batteries Included, and They Don’t Leak - April 23, 1984: AIDS Virus Disclosed, and a Premature |
Oh, and the student is apparently named “M.” I wonder if the student is either one of the Men in Black or a James Bond scientist. Ok, you know what I do, right? I need to add something. Here is a very nice video of the space balloon launch. You know I like to use pictures for data from time to time, right? One |
problem is that I don’t know much about cameras. There, I said it. Really, almost all of my photos are made with my phone. That is what makes the phone so great, you almost always have your camera with you. To make these pictures useful for physics, it helps to know the angular size of the picture. Here is a diagram so... |
see what I am talking about: There are 20 seconds left on the clock. Your team is down by 2 points such that a field goal would win it. The ball is spotted on the hash mark at the 15 yard line and it is first down. What to do? Should you call a run play so that the ball is in the center |
of the field? Or should the ball be kicked from where it is? So there is the question. Is it better to kick the ball from an angle or move back and kick it head on? Let me just look at one aspect of this situation. What is the angular size of the goal post from the location of the kicker? I am not |
looking at the height of the horizontal goal post – I will assume the kicker can get the ball over this. This was on reddit. It is an image from google maps showing an aircraft. Not surprising, there are lots of aircraft that get caught by the cameras in mid flight. But what about the colors? Is this some rainbow-unico... |
sure of the exact details, but this rainbow effect is from the camera. I am not sure why, but this camera is capturing red green and blue (and probably white) colors separately at different times. Here is the actual link to the google map. The first thing that comes to my mind is – I wonder how fast the plane was movin... |
is difficult to answer because I don’t know how much time was between each ‘color filter’ photo. Oh well, I will proceed anyway. First, some info. Reading through the very insightful reddit comments, it seems the commenters are certain that the plain is an Embraer ERJ 145. Really, all I need is the length. Wikipedia li... |
20.04 meter wingspan. From the image, does the rainbow plane have the same ratio of length to wingspan as listed? Ok, not quite the same. Maybe that is close enough. The one thing is that the image clearly has some distortion. Either the plane it turning or the image has been adjusted to make it look like it is a top d... |
surfing around a bit I couldn’t find another plane that was close in length/wing span ratio. I am going with ERJ 145. If I scale the image from the length of the plane, how “far” between the different colors? Here is a plot of the 4 color images. Note that for this image, I put the axis along the fuselage of the plane.... |
points are the locations of the back tip of one of the wings. The first cool thing that I can learn from this is that there must have been a cross-wind. The aircraft is not traveling in the direction that it is heading. Of course this is not uncommon, planes do this all the time. Oh, let me not that I am assume the |
aircraft is far enough away from the satellite that the multiple colors are due to the motion of the plane and not the satellite. This is probably a good assumption since the houses below are not rainbow colored. What about the speed? If it is moving at a constant velocity, then: I know the changes in position. So, let... |
in time 1 cs (cs for camera-second). This means that the plane’s speed would be 1.8 m/cs. Ok, let’s just play a game. What if the time between frames was 1/100th of a second? That would mean that the speed would be 180 m/s or 400 mph. That is possible since wikipedia lists the max speed at around 550 mph. If the time b... |
images is 1/30th of a second (I picked that because that is a common frame rate for video) then the speed would be 54 m/s (120 mph). That doesn’t seem too low. I would imaging the landing speed would be around that speed (or maybe a little lower – but what do I know?) But WAIT – there is more. Can I determine the |
altitude of the plane? Well, suppose I have two objects of two different lengths that are two different distances from a camera. Here is an example. My notation here looks a little messy, but both objects have a length (L) and a distance from the camera (r). They also have an angular size, denoted by θ. About angular s... |
I don’t know the distances from the camera and I don’t know the angles. But, I can sort of measure the angles. Suppose I measure the number of pixels each object takes up in the photo. Then the angular size could be written as: Where p1 is the pixel size of an object and c is some constant for that particular camera. N... |
can re-write these angular equations and divide so that I get rid of the c. I can get values for all the stuff on the right of that equation. Here are my values (object 1 is the plane and object 2 is the background – really, I will just use the scale provided by google maps). Oh, one more thing. I am not going |
is from the ground). Wikipedia says that the satellite images are typically taken from an aircraft flying 800-1500 feet high. So, suppose r2 = 1500 feet (457 meters). In this case the altitude of the rainbow plane would be: 1000 feet would mean that the rainbow plane is probably landing (or taking off). It looks like T... |
plane is heading that way. I claim landing. So, here is what I can say: Airspeed. Really, I don’t have a definite answer. Like I said before it depends on the camera rate. If I had to pick (and I don’t) I would say that the rainbow plane is going 120 mph and the time between different colored images is 1/30th of a seco... |
Altitude. If I go with the higher value of the typical google-map planes (like the google map cars but with wings) then the altitude would be around 1000 feet. This lower altitude is why I used the lower value for the airspeed. Windspeed. Now I am changing my answer for windspeed. I am going to pretend like there is no... |
Dictionary of Wisconsin History Search Results for: Keyword: 'lac du flambeau' Term: Dubay [Dube), John Baptiste 1810 - 1887 Definition: (Note: birth date given in original as "July 10, 1810[?].") pioneer fur trader, b. probably in Green Bay. He was the son of a French trader and a Menominee Indian. Although the facts ... |
appears that from 1824 to 1839 he was engaged in the fur trade at Saginaw and Sault Ste. Marie, Mich., and at Lac du Flambeau, Wis., either in the employ of the American Fur Co. or operating his own posts. In 1839 he purchased the American Fur Company's post at Fort Winnebago (Portage), where he served as Hercules L. D... |
(q.v.) agent until 1851 and continued his residence in the Portage area until 1858. A colorful and well-known figure in early Wisconsin, DuBay was frequently utilized by the U.S. and territorial governments as Indian interpreter, and was also called upon by the Indians and half-breeds to act as a spokesman in their beh... |
became involved in a property dispute with William S. Reynolds, and, while drunk, shot and killed him. A widely publicized murder trial was held in Madison in which many of Wisconsin's leading figures testified in DuBay's behalf. Moses M. Strong (q.v.) and Harlow S. Orton (q.v.) conducted DuBay's defense and Luther S. ... |
failed to reach a verdict in the first trial, and a second trial produced the same result. Although one other attempt was made to renew the case, proceedings were eventually dropped. DuBay retired to a trading post north of Stevens Point, where he lived in obscurity until his death. M. E. Krug, DuBay (Appleton [19461);... |
La Crosse's first bowling alley built in 1846 First bowling alley erected in La Crosse seventy-six years ago Early La Crosse settlers Myrick and Miller built the city's first bowling alley in 1846. Although less than fifty people lived in the city at the time, Indians, raftsmen, and fur traders regularly stopped on the... |
Learn something new every day More Info... by email A block diagram is a graphical method used to explain the concept of a system without the need to understand the individual components within that system. This type of diagram might be used in a variety of industries to illustrate and |
educate individuals about how a system operates, either in part or in its entirety. Block diagrams usually will have a logical, methodical flow from beginning to end. Engineers and software programmers are examples of individuals who might be familiar with block diagrams. Block diagrams essentially are synonymous with ... |
but a block diagram is generalized in nature. Sometimes block diagrams are used to conceal specific information or processes that might prove to be advantageous or detrimental, whichever the case might be. People who are being presented with a block diagram should be able to develop an understanding of what |
that block represents. To assist in understanding the block itself, lines should be drawn to the block representing various inputs, outputs or alternative choices. Depending on the type of process being illustrated, blocks might serve in any capacity that is needed to adequately describe the process or parts of the |
process. For instance, a manufacturing cell of machine tools might include a drill press, a milling machine and a sanding machine. To illustrate a process within that cell, each machine tool might be represented by its own block. When the manufacturing process is illustrated in its entirety, a single block |
might be used to represent all of the components within that cell. A block diagram also can be used to illustrate how a computer program works or how parts of a program work. If, for instance, a program is needed to calculate four different methods of interest rates, a block |
might represent each of these lines of code for one of these methods. In this way, a supervisor does not need to understand the code itself, as it is written, as long as the purpose of that block is communicated effectively. Some block diagrams can be used as a way |
to map out a process as a top-down diagram. For instance, a person who has an inspired project might use a block diagram as a way to convey the idea as a series of individual blocks, each of which helps support the main topic. Later, these individual blocks might then |
be analyzed and further developed into additional block diagrams as needed. This method can be repeated until the process is mapped out to the satisfaction of all those involved with the project. If compiled and mapped out completely, the block diagram might resemble a pine tree type of structure of |
Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia - Homolographic; noting a method of map-projection in which equal areas of the earth's surface are reduced to equal areas on the map. Sorry, no example sentences found. ‘equigraphic’ hasn't been added to any lists yet. Looking for tweets for equigraphic. |
American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition - v. To establish in office; install. Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia - To set or place; establish, as in a rank or condition. - To invest. GNU Webster's 1913 - v. |
To set, place, or establish, as in a rank, office, or condition; to install; to invest. - From in- + state. (Wiktionary) “North Carolina improved to 21-1 in instate tournament games, including 6-0 in games played here - home to |
Atlantic Coast Conference rival Wake Forest.” “While this was not a war, the instate was the same.” “But, the difficult national environment for Democrats coupled with a surge in Republican energy instate -- the result of the passage of a |
stringent immigration bill -- quickly turned the race into a serious contest.” “Soccer Board of Directors voted to re-instate the provisional sanction.” “After a first refusal, Obama says he'll now re-instate solar water heating to the White House roof, and |
will add photo-voltaic cells that will generate electricity.” “If we want to avoid catastrophic climate change and avoid climate disaster, we need to instate a moratorium on drilling in the Arctic.” “I think only money from instate sources should be |
allowed to pay for the campaign.” “This seems like more of a power play to me: they want a worldwide governing body to oversee this and have them instate rules in place that will change our lives forever.” “It's time |
to re-instate the tax breaks from the 2000-2004 period and we all have to face the fact that these bills must be paid.” “Then if Congress really thinks this is incorrect, they can re-instate them.” These user-created lists contain the |
word ‘instate’. The only letters without a "satine" bingo possibility: J, Q, Y Words found through Wordie's random word function. I didn't take phrases, foreign, misspelled, or madeupical words, so I looked at about 200 words to assemble this list. |
If you really want to hit a home run with a global warming story, manage to link climate change to the beloved rainforest of the Amazon. The rainforest there is considered by many to be the “lungs of the planet,” the rainforest surely contains a cure for any ailment imaginable, all species in the place are critical to ... |
of life on the Earth, and the people of the Amazon are surely the most knowledgeable group on the planet regarding how to care for Mother Earth. The global warming alarmists have taken full advantage of the Amazon and they are very quick to suggest that the Amazon ecosystem is extremely sensitive to climate change. Fur... |
change impact the Amazon, but global climate itself is strongly linked to the state of the Amazon rainforest. But, as usual, there is more to this story than meets to eye (or, rather, the press). For instance, a headline last year from USA Today sounded the alarm declaring “Amazon hit by climate chaos of floods, drough... |
sentences, we learn that “Across the Amazon basin, river dwellers are adding new floors to their stilt houses, trying to stay above rising floodwaters that have killed 44 people and left 376,000 homeless. Flooding is common in the world’s largest remaining tropical wilderness, but this year the waters rose higher and s... |
trees entirely submerged. Only four years ago, the same communities suffered an unprecedented drought that ruined crops and left mounds of river fish flapping and rotting in the mud. Experts suspect global warming may be driving wild climate swings that appear to be punishing the Amazon with increasing frequency.” This... |
PLUS droughts in the Amazon can cause global warming (by eliminating trees that could uptake atmospheric carbon dioxide). Throughout many of these stories, the words “delicate” and “irreversible” are used over and over. As we have discussed countless times in other essays, climate models are predicting the greatest war... |
season. The Amazon is not located in a part of the Earth expected to have substantial warming due to the buildup of greenhouse gases. Somewhat surprisingly, the IPCC Technical Summary comments “The sign of the precipitation response is considered less certain over both the Amazon and the African Sahel. These are region... |
potential vegetation-climate links, and there is less robustness across models even when vegetation feedbacks are not included.” Basically, the models are not predicting any big changes in precipitation in the Amazon due to the change in atmospheric composition, nor are the models predicting any big change in temperatu... |
parking lot, there is evidence that precipitation would decrease. There is a lot going on in the Amazon – deforestation, elevated carbon dioxide levels, global warming, and all these reported recent droughts and floods. One would think that the entire place is a wreck! A recent article in Hydrological Processes might c... |
crusade. The first two sentences of the abstract made this one an immediate favorite at World Climate Report. The author has the nerve to write “Rainfall and river indices for both the northern and southern Amazon were used to identify and explore long-term climate variability on the region. From a statistical analysis... |
suspect the “Dangerous Climate Change” group was not happy with the first two sentences of the abstract. José Marengo begins the piece noting “The main objective of this study is the assessment of long-term trends and cycles in precipitation in the entire Amazon basin, and over the northern and southern sections. It wa... |
dating from the late 1920s”. The Figure 1 shows his subregions within the greater Amazon basin. Figure 1. Orientation map showing the rainfall network used on this study for (a) northern Amazonia (NAR) and (b) southern Amazonia (SAR) (from Marengo, 2009). The bottom line here is amazing. The author writes “The analysis... |
Amazon represented by the NAR and SAR indices indicates slight negative trends for the northern Amazon and positive trends for the southern Amazon. However, they are weak and significant at 5% only in the southern Amazon” (Figure 2). So, nothing is happening out of the ordinary in the north and the south is getting wet... |
the weak trends, but it all seems to be related to natural variability, not deforestation or global warming. Figure 2. Historical hydrometeorological indices for the Amazon basin. They are expressed as anomalies normalized by the standard deviation from the long-term mean, (a) northern Amazonia, (b) southern Amazonia. ... |
average (from Marengo, 2009). Marengo notes “Since 1929, long-term tendencies and trends, some of them statistically significant, have been detected in a set of regional-average rainfall time series in the Amazon basin and supported by the analysis of some river streamflow time series. These long-term variations are mo... |
than any unidirectional trend towards drier conditions (as one would expect, due to increased deforestation or to global warming).” [emphasis added] José – nice work, have a Cuervo on us!!! Marengo, J.A. 2009. Long-term trends and cycles in the hydrometeorology of the Amazon basin since the late 1920s. Hydrological Pro... |
A footnote. Fourteen bars. Can a fifty-five second composition be a key to unlocking Chopin’s life-long aesthetic? Cantabile. An Italian word first used around 1724. It means “singable,” “songlike,” or |
indicates “a style of playing designed to imitate the human voice.” Twice in his life Chopin fell head-over-heels in love…with singers. A third became a close friend and collaborator. Days |
after his arrival in Paris, Chopin wrote home heady with the endless buffet of spectacular voices he was hearing night after night. Chopin was identifying something of himself in these |
great voices and in what they were singing - most notably in the “never-ending melody” Chopin reported hearing in Vincenzo Bellini’s operas. For many music scholars, Chopin’s love of opera, |
and of singing, is the key to understanding his music; they call it Chopin’s “Cantabile Aesthetic.” Flowing, singable, lines, Bellini’s bel canto, translated to the black and white of the |
keys. Cantabile is also the title of this briefest of Chopin miniatures. Chopin wrote it in Paris around 1834, but it didn’t get published until nearly a century later. Despite |
its brevity, it sums up the singing soul of Chopin. As Chopin’s biographer, James Hunecker wrote, "He may become old-fashioned, but, like Mozart, he will remain eternally beautiful.” - Jennifer |
5th Forum Top 25 Highlights - Thematic Programme During the scores of discussions in over one hundred sessions, some overall messages emerged: - Water is a common denominator for many |
development issues and the key to successfully resolving those challenges. - Because of the interrelatedness of water issues across so many different sectors, progress can only be achieved through an |
interdisciplinary approach. There is a need to reinforce the preliminary linkages made at the 5th World Water Forum and continue to think out of the box. - Education, capacity development |
and financial support are needed in virtually every domain to support further progress. - Solutions must be sustainable and flexibly adapted to specific local or regional circumstances: no “one size |
fits all” approach can be applied to water management. - Stakeholders need to be engaged through participatory processes in the earliest stages of water resource development strategies. - The 5th |
World Water Forum enabled greater focus and synergies to move forward on today’s water-related challenges and to create more political will. Climate Change, Disasters and Migration While climate change, disasters |
and migration are distinct in scope and challenges, joint reflection on these issues at the 5th World Water Forum concluded that good adaptation measures implemented for climate change and disasters |
will, in fact, assist in mitigating migration. One billion slum dwellers worldwide demonstrate that unsolved rural problems lead to urban problems. Therefore, more work is needed to continue to dovetail |
efforts before crises arise, despite disparities among these domains. In addition, the message that water is the medium through which climate change acts and the work on “hotspots” and recommendations |
formulated at the 5th World Water Forum will be channeled into the UNFCCC CoP15 processes, as well as to other international processes. Advancing Human Development and the MDG’s Regardless of |
whether or not the MDG’s are achieved, after 2015, the remaining half of the population will still need to be served. At the 5th World Water Forum, the main impediments |
to reaching the MDGs were identified as a lack of effective management, investment, institutional capacity and political priority. One suggested instrument to ensure coverage for all school-aged children was the |
creation of a global convention to implement WASH in schools. However, the necessity was also made clear to move away from increasing crisis management toward a process steered by more |
long-term development objectives, in which the challenges are recognized as all being interconnected. This will be especially important in harmonizing water use between energy production, food production and other uses, |
so that these needs complement each other rather than compete against one another. The fundamental baseline associated with all development and environmental challenges is that by 2050, the world’s population |
will rise to over 9 billion people, and all will need water and sanitation. Managing and Protecting Water Resources This theme perhaps offered the most fertile terrain for building bridges |
between polarized viewpoints: on transboundary issues, on storage issues, on infrastructure and environment, and between policy and implementation. Generally, it was agreed that river basin organizations offer a vehicle through |
which a range of partners can work together. In addition, a “Handbook on Integrated Water Resources Management in Basins” was presented, providing useful advice on how to improve governance of |
freshwater resources in basins. It was also recommended that IWRM needs to be practiced at different scales in order for it to be helpful in enabling Governments and all stakeholders |
to determine how to allocate water appropriately and which global solutions are most appropriate for any given situation. But most of all, these recommendations must lead to action. Governance and |
Management A wide majority of stakeholders reaffirmed support for the right to water and sanitation, already extensively recognized by many States, and supported further efforts for its implementation. In addition, |
a better understanding of the complementary roles of public and private sectors was achieved, recognizing that specific circumstances call for specific solutions. Moreover, 10 priority issues for catalyzing institutional change |
and policies were identified. In an effort to address corruption issues, participants called for the creation of an international tribunal to address violations and launched an appeal to incorporate anti-corruption |
safeguards into project designs. The need for public participation as an essential component of good governance was also emphasized. Through a series of panels, sessions and side events throughout the |
week, financing issues received much greater attention than ever before from Forum participants. Despite recognition that financing needs for the water sector are still enormous and remain a major constraint |
for further development, the discussions enabled a much better understanding of the fundamentals of water economics. It was agreed that funds need to be allocated where they can have the |
priority for water should still be requested in national budgets, increased efficiency and greater innovation can actually reduce financing needs. Education, Knowledge and Capacity Development With a view of strengthening |
science and education, participants called for: - Enhancing knowledge and capacity development within the water sector; - Improving data gathering, sharing and dissemination mechanisms; - Promoting knowledge-based integrated approaches and |
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