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widows either by or from a son or sister's son, mentioned by Meek, is not practised in the Southern villages. Inheritance of chieftainship: The Chiefs of Wa and Tep (whose appointments date from German times) and probably certain others are /F92/ sons of purchase marriages. 543-4. Illicit sexual relations: It should be... |
25 and a girl before at least 20. Unmarried adults of both sexes occupy regularly the same sleeping-hut as a married couple. Relationship terms: Most of the terms quoted by Mr Meek are unknown in the Central and Southern villages. Pp546-7. Moon worship: the new-moon rites continue at Mbanga, one Taro from the hamlet of... |
day after the performance of these rites is a public holiday. The rites described by Dr Meek as performed at the waning of the moon have evidently Ordeal: The sole oath or ordeal which the tribe now admits to practising when questioned by an Administrative Officer is that on the Kuru gong, or Yong, which is enjoined by... |
Court (mentioned on p555). Ngubsho: This charm (not to be confused with Ngu, a witch-testing concoction imported by itinerant quacks from the Tikar tribe) does not seem to be known in the Southern hamlets. In an alternative way of preparation the cock's head is impaled up on the stick. Festivals: Every kindred has its ... |
and comes at ten-day intervals - five days in Mbang and the Kaka villages. Not infrequently the market hasceased to function, but its name and date persist (v. infra). There are four chief seasonal festivals, as shown in the list below, which is taken from Titon but applies widely: (1) Kati (chief festival, sowing of c... |
maize / first or second? in general, maize ripens twice throughout this area. Hdg/), (3) Kip (harvest-time, celebrated by both sexes; Nyoti is particular for women),(4) Nyingwan (harvest-thanksgiving when the crops are gathered). Kundu is the name given for burial feasts. Burial: the custom of burying a chief under one... |
it is by no means invariable: some have been outside their hamlet in a grove. Blood-brotherhood: Though individual blood-brotherhood rites are not now practised, they are not unknown to the Southern Mambila, and in instances where a pair of hamlets is forbidden by custom to intermarry a long-standing blod-brotherhood m... |
Koshin (Mbanga) and Mbarr are such pairs. Circumcision: Sometimes postponed till after puberty. No reason was suggested except that the boy might have been frightened to undergo the operation earlier. House-building: As Meek says, houses made of a frame of reeds (tolergrass) are usual in the northerly villages, and hou... |
south, but it is not correct to say that short thatch invariably goes with a framework hut and long with the latter. Granaries: Each wife and adult son has his own granary, the usual practice being that their corn is put to current use, while that in the master's store is kept for reserve and tax-paying. Family group: ... |
almost every hill-top group of compounds there is a nucleus of two or three compounds of close relations, there is almost invariably also a number of compounds belonging to persons who admit no close relationship. Ownership of bamboo palms: Gullies containing the bamboo-palm belong as a rule to the hamlet as a whole, n... |
in the narrower sense. Dancing floor: In the northern group of villages the center of the beaten dancing-circle is invariably (?) occupied by a "coral" tree (Minjiriya, Erythrina senagalensis-Dalziel) growing out from a mud platform. It may be noted that the Minjiriya is revered also by the Kaka of Bamenda. Names of th... |
village after a previous chief is, I believe, purely a Fulani_German innovation. The Mambila, unless speaking to a stranger, uses the kindred - or place-name (which are one) or occasionally the name of the existing chief. The following are "village" names of Fulani use only and derive from a chief of the period 1890-19... |
Tem. Most of the remaining hamlets and villages are known abroad by their Mambila kindred-names or a corruption of it, though Kabri among others seems to be a pre-Mambila Weapons' hoes: Spears are made by the blacksmiths of Kabri and Vokkude who are true Mambila or at least very long-standing immigrants. Hoes, on the o... |
the blacksmiths of Kuma and Gikau, close to Nayo Daga, who are distinct from the Mambila proper. It is curious if the Mambila with their highly distinctive shields have, as Dr Meek suggests, been spear-bearers for only a short time, and one would like to hear in more detail the evidence on which he bases hiw view. F96/... |
a curious instrument is used by men to accompany their "crooning". This is a plucking instrument, like a guitar without a handle, of which the sounding medium is a series of springy splinters instead of strings. Personal appearance: clothes are now worn by a few women in the northern villages; in the south they are sti... |
follow the Kaka fashion of piercing the nose or ear and inserting a fragment of straw. The chipping of teeth is common, but is a fahsion only, not obligatory. Markets: The market day is the holy day, coming roung every ten days except in Mbang village, where the five-day Kaka week is kept. Sgd D A Percival, 1 xi 35. |
LONDON (Reuters) - Ten international drug companies are to team up with scientists from 11 European countries to create a bank of stem cells for a project aimed at speeding up the development of new medicines. StemBANCC, coordinated by Swiss drugmaker Roche and managed by scientists at Oxford University, aims |
to use so-called human-induced pluripotent stem cells - derived from people with hard-to-treat conditions - as research tools. Martin Graf from Roche, who is coordinating the project, said the goal was to generate 1,500 induced pluripotent stem cell lines derived from 500 patients that can then be used by researchers |
around the world to study a range of diseases, including diabetes and dementia. In recent years, researchers have developed a way of reprogramming ordinary adult cells taken from skin or blood, for example, to create stem cells that can be used to generate any type of cell. These induced pluripotent |
stem cells can offer a supply of different kinds of human cell such as cardiomyocytes, or heart cells, and neurons or nerve cells that can be used for a broad range of laboratory tests in early stage drug development. The research that resulted in the creation of the first induced |
pluripotent stem cells was a significant breakthrough which won the scientists behind it - John Gurdon and Shinya Yamanaka - this year's Nobel Prize for Medicine. Graf and Zameel Cader of Oxford University, who announced the project in London, said the raw material for the project would be largely skin |
and blood samples taken from patients with diseases such as Alzheimer's and diabetes. The research will focus mainly on these conditions as well as peripheral nervous system disorders such as chronic and neuropathic pain, central nervous system disorders such as dementia, and neurodysfunctional conditions such as autis... |
disorder. Cader said that because the stem bank's cell lines will be derived directly from real patients, they will include genes that may be the culprits in causing the development of diseases - making them useful for early testing of the efficacy and toxicity of potential new medicines. "This is |
essentially what is so transformative about stem cell technology - for the first time you can get at the cells that are relevant from the patients with the conditions," he said. "That is what is so exciting about it." The project is a public-private partnership backed by the European Union's |
Innovation Medicines Initiative and is half funded by the drug industry and half by the EU. Other drugmakers involved are Abbott, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Merck KgaA, Novo Nordisk, Orion , Pfizer and Sanofi. (Editing by Dan Lalor) |
The Growing Child: 7 to 9 Months While all babies may grow at a different rate, the following indicates the average for boys and girls 7 to 9 months of |
age: - Weight: average gain of 1 pound each month; boys usually weigh about 1/2 pound more than girls; two-and-a-half times the birthweight by 8 months - Height: average growth |
of about 1/2 inch each month - Head size: average growth of about 1/4 inch each month Babies are rapidly developing their physical abilities at this age. They become mobile |
for the first time and safety in the home becomes an important issue. While babies may progress at different rates, the following are some of the common milestones your baby |
may reach in this age group: - Rolls over easily from front to back and back to front - Sits leaning forward on hands at first, then unsupported - Bounces |
when supported to stand - Gets on hands and feet and rocks back and forth - May creep, scoot, crawl--backwards first, then forward - Begins to pull up to stand |
- Reaches for and grasps objects using whole hand - Bangs toy on table - Can hold an object in each hand - May hold a bottle - Plays peek-a-boo |
- Grasps object with thumb and finger by 8 to 9 months - Begins teething, usually starting with the two center front teeth in the lower jaw, then the two |
center front teeth in the upper jaw - Learns to drink from cup - Puts everything into mouth - Naps are usually twice, sometimes three times a day, for one |
to two hours each (on average) - May begin to awaken during the night and cry It is very exciting for parents to watch their babies become social beings that |
can interact with others. While every baby develops speech at his or her own rate, the following are some of the common milestones in this age group: - Makes two |
syllable sounds (ma-ma, da-da) - Makes several different vowel sounds, especially "o" and "u" - Repeats tones or sounds made by others A baby's awareness of people and surroundings increases |
during this time. While babies may progress at different rates, the following are some of the common milestones in this age group: - Responds to own name and "no" - |
Pays attention to conversation - Appears to understand some words (i.e., eat) - Prefers mother over others - Enjoys seeing self in mirror - Responds to changes in emotions of |
others - Is afraid of strangers - Shows interest in and dislike of foods - Makes attention-getting sounds such as a cough or snort - Begins to understand object permanence |
and can uncover a toy after seeing it covered - May follow one-step commands with a sign to demonstrate (i.e., "get the ball" while parent points to ball) Consider the |
following as ways to foster the emotional security of your baby: - Give your baby safe toys that make noises when shaken or hit. - Play in front of a |
mirror, calling your baby by name and pointing to your baby's reflection in the mirror. - When talking to your baby, pause and wait for him or her to respond |
just as when talking with an adult. - Play pat-a-cake and peek-a-boo. - Name common objects when shown to your baby. - Make a variety of sounds with your mouth |
and tone of voice. - Repeat and expand the sounds your baby makes, such as "ma-ma" when he or she says "ma." - Show picture books and read stories to |
your baby every day. - Give your baby toys with objects or knobs to push, poke, or turn. - Give your baby toys that stack or nest and show him |
or her how they work. - Build a tower with your baby and show him or her how to knock it down. - Establish a routine for bath and bedtime. |
Osteoarthritis is usually diagnosed after your doctor has taken a careful history of your symptoms. A physical exam will be done. There are no definitive lab blood tests to make |
an absolute diagnosis of osteoarthritis. Certain tests, specifically x-rays of the joint, may confirm your doctor’s impression that you have developed osteoarthritis. X-ray examination of an affected joint —A joint |
with osteoarthritis will have lost some of the normal space that exists between the bones. This space is called the joint space. This joint space is made up of articular |
cartilage, which becomes thin. There may be tiny new bits of bone (bone spurs) visible at the end of the bones. Other signs of joint and bone deterioration may also |
be present. X-rays , however, may not show very much in the earlier stages of osteoarthritis, even when you are clearly experiencing symptoms. Arthrocentesis —Using a thin needle, your doctor |
may remove a small amount of joint fluid from an affected joint. The fluid can be examined in a lab to make sure that no other disorder is causing your |
symptoms (such as rheumatoid arthritis , gout , infection). Blood tests —Blood tests may be done to make sure that no other disorder is responsible for your symptoms (such as |
rheumatoid arthritis or other autoimmune diseases that include forms of arthritis). Researchers are also looking at whether the presence of certain substances in the blood might indicate osteoarthritis and help |
predict the severity of the condition. These substances include breakdown products of hyaluronic acid (a substance that lubricates joints) and a liver product called C-reactive protein. - Reviewer: Rosalyn Carson-DeWitt, |
"Mouchan" Mouchan by mke1963 Mouchan Travel Guide: 2 reviews and 4 photos The small village of Mouchan is unusual in this part of the world for being down in the valley by a river - the Osse. Most villages are old and are therefore built up on the ridges and hilltops. Fourcès is another exception, but probably also, li... |
"Recent" here means that it was built after the Dark Ages around the 10th Century. Building on higher ground was not just a defensive decision; the rivers were prone to flood badly and regularly. The Osse and the Gélise remain particularly prone to flooding, and Mouchan is still at risk. Those keen to paddle in the war... |
that upstream reservoirs can occasionally discharge water and the water level can rise quickly. As the rivers here do not rise in the Pyrenees, there are no hydro-electric schemes upstream, so these rivers in northern Gers are not at risk of significant discharges, it would be wise to be careful with small children. Mo... |
earliest known church with Gothic features, so is well-known in the architectural world. However, Mouchan is more than just one church. It has the traces of an ancient water-mill, the remains of the old fosse, and other interesting little vignettes of rural French architecture. It's also a pleasant village and starting... |
vineyards on the ridges around Cassaigne to the south. The origins of the name are unknown, although there are local theories that it is derived from the Latin personal name Muscius. Given its location in the valley, this seems unlikely although Mouchan is on a Roman road. The remains of a Roman villa have been found n... |
have its crop of substantial Roman remains? In particular the area around Gelleneuve (south of Mouchan, alongside the Osse) has provided rich Roman relics. Others have suggested that the name started as Muysano ("more clean"), then Meysano, Moissan and finally Mouchan. However, earlier it was known as Valaque (and note... |
order built a priory which, from 1264 onwards came under the protection of the church of Saint-Orens in Auch. This parish was the very furthest northern limit of the land of the archbishop of Auch. As often happened, the village first started from a clustering of houses and farms around the church, which was dedicated ... |
of Vopillon across and down the valley a little). This saint, who died in 624, is a Gascon favourite, having already become the patron saint of Auch and Nogaro. Staint-Austrégésile was before his canonisation, the bishop of Bourges. In 1062, his relics were brought to Nogaro for the consecration of the basilica. The de... |
priory becoming a deanery in 1080, with its adoption by the Order of Cluny, and the number of monks grew steadily. Over time, a pallisade and probably later stone walls were erected with a fosse to protect the settlement. The fighting in the Hundred Years Wars made the area unsafe. In 1368, the Prince of Wales destroye... |
centuries, this was still really a frontier area subject to marauding groups. By the 16th Century, the population might have expected more stability, but in 1589 Montgomery's Protestant troops badly damaged the little church and destroyed the priory. Two generations later, the Black Death killed most of the population.... |
at la Bourdette, well away from the village to the west. In 1708, the Comte de Mouchan died in the Battle of Tortosa in eastern Spain while fighting for the Duc d'Anjou, grand-son of Louis XIV. He was not Mouchan's first noble son though; Cardinal Jean III de Bilhelm Lagraulas, Archbishop of Lombez was an ambassador fo... |
over the centuries until mayor Joseph-Bernard Faget started building in the 19th Century: a school, a cemetery, the mairie, and, intriguingly, the long avenue lined by lime trees between the church and the mairie. However, this last village enhancement caused a furore as it would cut right through the curate's garden. ... |
of the village, never to return. The end of the 19th Century and early 20th Century brought the same sadnesses and tragedies to Mouchan as to almost every other rural community in southern France: devastation of the vines by disease, two World Wars, the amalgamation and mechanisation of farms leading to job losses, and... |
latterly northern French and Belgian immigration to stem the flow. Before the First World War, there were a number of shops and a Post Office: now there are none. The effect continues today: in 1988, there were 33 farms, now only 16; then there were 454 head of cattle, now (2000) just 75. Condom is just 8km to the east... |
To the east is Gondrin, which can be reached across the valley on foot. Don't miss the hamlet of Vopillon which is across the valley to the north-west. - Pros:Tranquility; the church; the river - Cons:No shops or places to have a drink - In a nutshell:Mouchan is peaceful, but so are most of the villages in this tranqui... |
fabulous church is one of the wonders of Gascony. Built in the 11th Century, with stone from quarry at Ramounet... more travel advice mke1963's Related Pages Mouchan Travel Guide Badges & Stats in Mouchan - 2 Reviews - 4 Photos - 0 Forum posts - 0 Comments - See All Stats - See All Badges (22) Have you been to Mouchan?... |
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(ARA) - Traditionally, the term “war zone” elicits images of tanks, gunfire and military personnel. However, as technology evolves, so do the weapons associated with the art of warfare. Most recently, the battleground has moved online, with the introduction of a new computer malware threat known as “Flame.” Flame steal... |
both governments and military units. Based on the way Flame works, it can be classified as a “cyber weapon,” according to Kaspersky Lab, a Russian anti-virus firm. Web attacks cost businesses $114 billion each year, according to a 2011 study conducted by Symantec. And as more business, government and military instituti... |
forms of cyber-weaponry increases. Given the likelihood for future security breaches, the need for professionals with the skills required to protect those at risk for such forms of online espionage is amplifying. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook reports that by the year 2020, demand for... |
police serve and protect our country and its citizens, cyber security experts play a crucial role in protecting an institution’s network and information from attacks. These professionals, known as computer forensics experts, also analyze the electronic evidence, and in some cases identify and serve as expert witnesses ... |
students for this role. Many programs allow students to concentrate their studies in a variety of cyber security specialties. For example, students focusing on computer forensics will learn the skills necessary to handle the electronic evidence of criminal cases and how to identify and prosecute criminals. At DeVry Uni... |
specialization in computer forensics that allows them to gain understanding of the diversity of computer crime, and the laws and principals concerned with computer forensics and electronic evidence. They also learn how to discover data that resides in a computer system, and how to recover deleted, encrypted or damaged ... |
practitioners,” says Dr. Ahmed Naumaan, national dean for the College of Engineering & Information Sciences at DeVry University. “Creativity and the ability to think outside the box play a pertinent role, as those in this field must be able to take on the mindset of the hackers they protect against.” The many forms of ... |
What do we really know about creativity? Very little. We know that creative genius is not the same thing as intelligence. In fact, beyond a certain minimum IQ threshold – about one standard deviation above average, or an IQ of 115 – there is no correlation at all between intelligence |
and creativity. We know that creativity is empirically correlated with mood-swing disorders. A couple of decades ago, Harvard researchers found that people showing ‘exceptional creativity’ – which they put at fewer than 1 per cent of the population – were more likely to suffer from manic-depression or to be near |
relatives of manic-depressives. As for the psychological mechanisms behind creative genius, those remain pretty much a mystery. About the only point generally agreed on is that, as Pinker put it, ‘Geniuses are wonks.’ They work hard; they immerse themselves in their genre.Could this immersion have something to do with ... |
the memory? As an instructive case of creative genius, consider the French mathematician Henri Poincaré, who died in 1912. Poincaré’s genius was distinctive in that it embraced nearly the whole of mathematics, from pure (number theory) to applied (celestial mechanics). Along with his German coeval David Hilbert, Poinca... |
last of the universalists. His powers of intuition enabled him to see deep connections between seemingly remote branches of mathematics. He virtually created the modern field of topology, framing the ‘Poincaré conjecture’ for future generations to grapple with, and he beat Einstein to the mathematics of special relativ... |
geniuses, Poincaré was a man of great practical prowess; as a young engineer he conducted on-the-spot diagnoses of mining disasters. He was also a lovely prose stylist who wrote bestselling works on the philosophy of science; he is the only mathematician ever inducted into the literary section of the Institut |
de France. What makes Poincaré such a compelling case is that his breakthroughs tended to come in moments of sudden illumination. One of the most remarkable of these was described in his essay ‘Mathematical Creation’. Poincaré had been struggling for some weeks with a deep issue in pure mathematics when |
he was obliged, in his capacity as mine inspector, to make a geological excursion. ‘The changes of travel made me forget my mathematical work,’ he recounted. Having reached Coutances, we entered an omnibus to go some place or other. At the moment I put my foot on the step the |
idea came to me, without anything in my former thoughts seeming to have paved the way for it, that the transformations I had used to define the Fuchsian functions were identical with those of non-Euclidean geometry. I did not verify the idea; I should not have had time, as, upon |
taking my seat in the omnibus, I went on with a conversation already commenced, but I felt a perfect certainty. On my return to Caen, for conscience’s sake, I verified the result at my leisure. How to account for the full-blown epiphany that struck Poincaré in the instant that his |
foot touched the step of the bus? His own conjecture was that it had arisen from unconscious activity in his memory. ‘The role of this unconscious work in mathematical invention appears to me incontestable,’ he wrote. ‘These sudden inspirations … never happen except after some days of voluntary effort which |
will then be refined and proved. Poincaré was a modest man, not least about his memory, which he called ‘not bad’ in the essay. In fact, it was prodigious. ‘In retention and recall he exceeded even the fabulous Euler,’ one biographer declared. (Euler, the most prolific mathematician of all – |
the constant e takes his initial – was reputedly able to recite the Aeneid from memory.) Poincaré read with incredible speed, and his spatial memory was such that he could remember the exact page and line of a book where any particular statement had been made. His auditory memory was |
just as well developed, perhaps owing to his poor eyesight. In school, he was able to sit back and absorb lectures without taking notes despite being unable to see the blackboard. It is the connection between memory and creativity, perhaps, which should make us most wary of the web. ‘As |
our use of the web makes it harder for us to lock information into our biological memory, we’re forced to rely more and more on the net’s capacious and easily searchable artificial memory,’ Carr observes. But conscious manipulation of externally stored information is not enough to yield the deepest of |
creative breakthroughs: this is what the example of Poincaré suggests. Human memory, unlike machine memory, is dynamic. Through some process we only crudely understand – Poincaré himself saw it as the collision and locking together of ideas into stable combinations – novel patterns are unconsciously detected, novel ana... |
This function unlocks a region in an open file. Unlocking a region enables other processes to access the region. BOOL UnlockFileEx( HANDLE hFile, DWORD dwReserved, DWORD nNumberOfBytesToLockLow, DWORD nNumberOfBytesToLockHigh, LPOVERLAPPED lpOverlapped ); [in] Handle to a file that contains a region locked by the LockF... |
region of a file releases a previously acquired lock on the file. The region to unlock must correspond exactly to an existing locked region. Two adjacent regions of a file cannot be locked separately and then unlocked using a single region that spans both locked regions. If a process terminates with a portion of a file... |
locks, the locks are unlocked by the OS. However, the time it takes for the OS to unlock these locks depends upon available system resources. Therefore, explicitly unlock all locked files when a process ends. Otherwise, access to these files can be denied if the OS has not yet unlocked them. |
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