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window now as we are done with the tool. We need to add the contents of the IDL file into our VC++ project folder. Go to the folder you told VC++ to create your project in and create a new |
text file there (If you are in Windows Explorer, you can right click in the directory and select "New" then scroll over following the arrow and select "Text Document"). Rename the text document to "vbCOMTEST.idl". Then double click on the |
new IDL file (VC++ should open it if you named it correctly with an IDL extension). Now paste the code in the file by pressing the "Ctrl" and "V" keys. The IDL text should be pasted into the file. So |
far, so good. Now, this IDL file is not going to do us much good until we compile it. That way, VC++ can use the files it generates to talk to the VB DLL. Let's do that now. Open a |
let MIDL do its magic. You should see results similar to the following: Close the DOS window and head back into VC++. We need to add the newly generated vbTestCOM.h and vbTestCOM_i.c files to the project. You can do this |
by going to the "Project" menu, then selecting the "Add to Project" item, and scrolling over to the "Files" menu item and clicking on it. A window titled, "Insert Files into Project" will open. Select the two files highlighted in |
the next picture, then select the "Ok" button. These two files were generated by MIDL for us, and VC++ needs them in order to talk to the VB DLL (actually VC++ does not need the "vbCOMTest_i.c" file in the project, |
but it is handy have in the project to review). We are going to add the following code to the "TestVBCOM.cpp" file now, so navigate to that file in VC++ using the "Workspace" window. Open the file by double clicking |
has compiled cleanly, then press the "Ctrl" and the "F5" keys to run it. In the C++ code, we include the MIDL created "vbTestCOM.h" file, the "Comdef.h" file for the _bstr_t class support and the "iostream.h" file for the "cout" |
support. The rest of the comments should speak for themselves as to what's occurring. This simple tutorial shows how well a person can integrate VB and VC++ apps together using COM. Not too tough actually. |
1854-89 THREE DOLLARS INDIAN HEAD In 1853 the United States negotiated the "Gadsden Purchase"settlement of a boundary dispute with Mexico that resulted in the U.S. acquiring what would become the |
southern portions of Arizona and New Mexico for ten million dollars. The following year Commodore Matthew Perry embarked upon his famed expedition to re-open Japan to the Western world and |
establish trade. Spreading beyond its borders in many ways, a few years earlier the United States had joined the worldwide move to uniform postage rates and printed stamps when the |
Congressional Act of March 3, 1845 authorized the first U.S. postage stamps, and set the local prepaid letter rate at five cents. This set the stage for a close connection |
between postal and coinage history. Exactly six years later, the postage rate was reduced to three cents when New York Senator Daniel S. Dickinson fathered legislation that simultaneously initiated coinage |
of the tiny silver three-cent piece as a public convenience. The large cents then in circulation were cumbersome and unpopular, and the new denomination was designed to facilitate the purchase |
of stamps without using the hated "coppers." This reasoning was carried a step further when the Mint Act of February 21, 1853 authorized a three-dollar gold coin. Congress and Mint |
Director Robert Maskell Patterson were convinced that the new coin would speed purchases of three-cent stamps by the sheet and of the silver three-cent coins in roll quantities. Unfortunately, at |
no time during the 35-year span of this denomination did public demand justify these hopes. Chief Engraver James Barton Longacre chose an "Indian Princess" for his obverse not a Native |
American profile, but actually a profile modeled after the Greco-Roman Venus Accroupie statue then in a Philadelphia museum. Longacre used this distinctive sharp-nosed profile on his gold dollar of 1849 |
and would employ it again on the Indian Head cent of 1859. On the three-dollar coin Liberty is wearing a feathered headdress of equal-sized plumes with a band bearing LIBERTY |
in raised letters. She's surrounded by the inscription UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. Such a headdress dates back to the earliest known drawings of American Indians by French artist Jacques le |
Moyne du Morgue's sketches of the Florida Timucua tribe who lived near the tragic French colony of Fort Caroline in 1562. It was accepted by engravers and medalists of the |
day as the design shorthand for "America." Longacre's reverse depicted a wreath of tobacco, wheat, corn and cotton with a plant at top bearing two conical seed masses. The original |
wax models of this wreath still exist on brass discs in a Midwestern collection and show how meticulous Longacre was in preparing his design. Encircled by the wreath is the |
denomination 3 DOLLARS and the date. There are two boldly different reverse types, the small DOLLARS appearing only in 1854 and the large DOLLARS on coins of 1855-89. Many dates |
show bold "outlining" of letters and devices, resembling a double strike but probably the result of excessive forcing of the design punches into the die steel, causing a hint of |
their sloping "shoulders" to appear as part of the coin's design. The high points of the obverse design that first show wear are the cheek and hair above the eye; |
on the reverse, check the bow knot and leaves. A total of just over 535,000 pieces were issued along with 2058 proofs. The first coins struck were the 15 proofs |
of 1854. Regular coinage began on May 1, and that first year saw 138,618 pieces struck at Philadelphia (no mintmark), 1,120 at Dahlonega (D), and 24,000 at New Orleans (O). |
These two branch mints would strike coins only in 1854. San Francisco produced the three-dollar denomination in 1855, 1856, and 1857, again in 1860, and apparently one final piece in |
1870. Mintmarks are found below the wreath. Every U.S. denomination boasts a number of major rarities. The three-dollar gold coinage of 1854-1889 is studded with so many low-mintage dates that |
the entire series may fairly be called rare. In mint state 1878 is the most common date, followed by the 1879, 1888, 1854 and 1889 issues. Every other date is |
very rare in high grade, particularly 1858, 1865, 1873 Closed 3 and all the San Francisco issues. Minuscule mintages were the rule in the later years. Proof coins prior to |
1859 are extremely rare and more difficult to find than the proof-only issues of 1873 Open 3, 1875 and 1876, but many dates are even rarer in the higher Mint |
State grades. This is because at least some proofs were saved by well- heeled collectors while few lower-budget collectors showed any interest in higher-grade business strikes of later-date gold. Counterfeits |
are known for many dates; any suspicious piece should be authenticated. The rarest date of all is the unique 1870-S, of which only one example was struck for inclusion in |
the new Mint's cornerstone. Either the coin escaped, or a second was struck as a pocket piece for San Francisco Mint Coiner J.B. Harmstead. In any event, one coin showing |
traces of jewelry use surfaced in the numismatic market in 1907. It was sold to prominent collector William H. Woodin, and when Thomas L. Elder sold the Woodin collection in |
1911, the coin went to Baltimore's Waldo C. Newcomer. Later owned by Virgil Brand, it was next sold by Ted and Carl Brandts of Ohio's Celina Coin Co. and Stack's |
of New York to Louis C. Eliasberg in 1946 for $11,500. In Bowers and Merena's October 1982 sale of the U.S. Gold Collection, this famous coin sold for a record |
$687,500. The three-dollar denomination quietly expired in 1889 along with the gold dollar and nickel three-cent piece. America's coinage was certainly more prosaic without this odd denomination gold piece, but |
Creature Feature: American Beech (Fagus grandifolia) By Emma Dean, CG Science Editor Though once believed to have a range that covered what would be the continental United States until the glacial period, American beech currently maintains a slightly lesser native |
geographic habitat, which is still quite impressive. American beech covers the eastern U.S. and Canada from Florida to Quebec, as well as Utah. Indigenous to North America, European colonists recognized the tree as a relative of the European beech and |
gathered the beechnuts to extract the oil which is similar to olive oil. The beechnuts, which persist through winter, can become somewhat of a litter problem, but not the leaf litter due to the fact that after turning a lovely |
bronze color, the leaves stay on the tree throughout winter. As autumn ends and winter begins, the leaves become less bronze and resemble thin, curled parchment paper. Due to a shallow root system, grass does not sprout beneath the tree. |
This is not entirely noticeable because the short trunk allows the branches to nearly touch the ground. Its roots are unique, also, in that they routinely develop root suckers, which is when the root system is the site of new |
growth that then grows upward and out of the ground to form new branches and essentially a clone of the original tree. Entire beech groves have been known to grow from the roots of a single tree. American beech is |
notorious for having incredibly smooth, light grey bark even as it advances in age. Though not necessarily beneficial for the tree, American beech is also notorious for being a favorite for carved initials and dates which are preserved indefinitely. - |
American beech is a larval host as well as a nectar source for Early Hairstreak. - American beech is at home in the following states: Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, |
Missouri, Mississippi, North Carolina, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Vermont, Wisconsin, West Virginia and also Washington D.C. - This beech is often associated with the extinct Passenger Pigeon, |
which consumed beechnuts and roosted in its branches. - A few minor pest issues that affect American beech include powdery mildew, aphids, canker and beech bark disease. - Though it has a slow growth rate, American beech will grow to |
Accreditation is a form of independent, professional certification that focuses on schools and programs in a particular field. Accreditation of universities in the USA therefore assures you and your parents that the school adheres to high quality standards. Which means the programs are delivered by qualified faculty an... |
working world. Attending an accredited school or program is often thought to make you more competitive on the job market. University accreditation in the USA takes place at different levels. At the highest level, governmental and other agencies govern and recognize the accrediting bodies. For instance, the US Departmen... |
Professional Accreditors (ASPA) grant power to associations that oversee accreditation at the regional, institutional or program level. Regional: The US Department of Education recognizes 6 distinct higher educational regions, each of which is overseen by a different accrediting body. This is the type of accreditation ... |
regional agencies isn't automatic: this is voluntary accreditation. Institutional: Depending on the kind of university or college it is (e.g., private, public, Christian, etc.) it may also be accredited by institute-type specific agencies. America's universities are extremely different in character, size, location and ... |
specific areas of study and individual university programs. This is sometimes called professional accreditation, because it means specific programs meet the national standards for that field of study. Universities in the USA cover a huge range of programs, and each institution usually has a page on its website listing ... |
whether a school or program has any memberships in, or endorsements by, professional associations which reflect certain standards of quality, but this is not the same as official accreditation. For instance, the American Association of State Colleges and Universities does not accredit programs, but is a national organi... |
Universities in the USA Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools, Commission on Higher Education New England Association of Schools and Colleges, Commission on Institutions of Higher Education North Central Association of Colleges and Schools, The Higher Learning Commission Northwest Commission on Colleges and... |
Colleges and Universities Why Accreditation? The goal of university accreditation in the USA is to ensure that education provided by institutions of higher education meets acceptable levels of quality. Accrediting agencies have no legal control over institutions or programs; they promote certain standards and approve o... |
that you've been through a course of study with specialized accreditation, because it ensures that you have been taught by faculty qualified to teach in that field. The US Secretary of Education and CHEA each maintain and publish a list of nationally recognized accrediting agencies, and most institutions attain eligibi... |
accrediting agencies. Take a Virtual Tour of a featured Campus e-tours allow students to view the facilities and student life at featured Universities in the USA, giving you the opportunity to see what the University looks like, as well as facts about the campus, courses, etc. Once you’ve completed your tour you can re... |
the Request FREE Info link to request specific information such as scholarships and financial aid directly from that institution. Click here to view Virtual Tours of Featured Universities in the USA Request FREE Info! Request FREE info directly from featured Featured institutions want to send you more information on th... |
A bachelor's degree earned in the United States usually takes a minimum of four years. Degrees are earned by taking a combination of required courses which meet liberal arts distribution requirements (humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences), a required number of courses in the major field of study (called a |
"major"in the United States), and the balance of courses as electives. Each course taken is assigned a value called "points" (also called "credits" or "units"). To earn a bachelor's degree, one must earn a minimum of 124 points (usually more) and, at the same time, meet the distribution and major |
requirements. Advisement on course selection is available in each school at the time of registration. Undergraduate studies are offered in three divisions of the University. Each division offers a distinct program of studies. The divisions that offer the undergraduate (B.A. or B.S.) degree are: College (CC) - Study of ... |
liberal arts and sciences leading to the B.A. degree traditionally, but not exclusively, for students just out of secondary school, usually between the ages of 17 and 22. With an enrollment of approximately 4,000, Columbia College is the smallest college in the 2. Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied |
Science (SEAS) - Offers the B.S. degree in engineering and applied science fields. 3. School of General Studies (GS) - Offers the B.A. or B.S. degree to students who have had a break of a year or more in their education since high school. All other divisions of the University |
are graduate schools and, as such, offer degrees beyond the bachelor's degree, usually master's or doctoral degrees. Master's degrees take from one to three years to earn depending on the course work and research/writing requirements. Ph.D. requirements may vary but usually require one to two years of course work beyon... |
the master's degree, comprehensive examinations, a major original contribution to research in the field of study, and oral defense of one's research. The research and writing requirement can take from two to five years beyond the course work. A Ph.D. candidate should plan on a minimum of four and an |
average of six years of study to complete the degree requirements. It is not unusual for a student to be at Columbia seven or eight years to complete a doctorate. To be admitted to these schools, the applicant must have completed a degree considered in the United States to be |
of Continuing Education offers, in addition to its masters' degree program, opportunities for non-degree study at Columbia to qualified applicants. Both undergraduate and graduate level courses from the University's arts and sciences course offerings may be taken for credit. This option is particularly appropriate for ... |
visit at Columbia for a semester or two. To qualify for an I-20 to be in F-1 student status in the U.S., students must register for at least 12 points of credit-bearing coursework each semester. This is usually equivalent to four courses each semester. Of particular interest to international students |
is the School of Continuing Education's American Language Program. The ALP is one of the oldest English as a Second Language programs in the United States and offers a carefully integrated sequence of courses to students, business and professional people, and international visitors who wish to improve their command of |
English. There are two institutions which are affiliated with, located adjacent to, and bear the name of Columbia University. They are administered separately and applications for admission must be made directly to these institutions. Barnard College, Columbia University An undergraduate liberal arts college for women ... |
more information, write to Barnard College Admissions, 111 Milbank,3009 Broadway, New York, NY 10027, U.S.A. Teachers College, Columbia University A graduate school for students interested in education, offering only the master's and doctoral degrees. For more information, write to Teachers College Admissions, 146 Hora... |
In the American electoral system, a primary election is an election that determines the nominee for each political party, who then competes for the office in the general election. A presidential primary is a state election that picks the delegates committed to nominate particular candidates for president of the United ... |
meet together for several hours in face-to-face meetings that select county delegates, who eventually pick the delegates to the national convention. No other country uses primaries; they choose their candidates in party conventions. Primaries were introduced in the Progressive Era in the early 20th century to weaken th... |
they became important starting in 1952, when the first-in-the-nation New Hampshire Primary helped give Dwight D. Eisenhower the Republican nomination, and knocked Harry S. Truman out of the Democratic race because of his poor showing. In 1964, Lyndon B. Johnson ended his reelection campaign after doing poorly in New Ha... |
primaries, although some states still use the caucus system. In recent decades, New Hampshire holds the first primary a few days after Iowa holds the first caucus. That gives these two states enormous leverage, as the candidates and the media focus there. New Hampshire and Iowa receive about half of all the media atten... |
voters to choose between different candidates of the some political parties, perhaps representing different wings of the party. For example, a Republican primary may choose between a range of candidates from moderate to conservative. Gallup's 2008 polling data indicated a trend in primary elections towards more conserv... |
the primary seasons has come earlier and earlier, as states move up to earlier dates in the hope it will give them more leverage. For example, Barry Goldwater won the 1964 nomination because he won the last primary in California. The logic is faulty--in highly contested races the later primaries have more leverage. Thu... |
traditional last-in-the-nation role and joined 20 other states on Super Tuesday. Neither the candidates not the voters paid it much attention. Michigan and Florida moved up their primaries in defiance of national Democratic Party rules and were penalized. The result is the primary season is extended, and is far more ex... |
New Hampshire, which now have dates in early January. In late 2009 the two national parties are meeting to find a common solution. - Duncan, Dayton. Grass roots: one year in the life of the New Hampshire presidential primary (1991) 436 pages; on 1988 campaign - Johnson, Haynes, and Dan Balz. The Battle for America 2008... |
2 Products Found |Results per page: 24 48 72|| In terms of ecologically friendly flooring, bamboo is one of the top contenders. Not only is bamboo flooring made from totally |
renewable resources, but it also is available in a wide variety of design options. For those who desire the look of hardwood flooring but are concerned about the environmental consequences |
of harvesting trees, bamboo offers the perfect solution. While bamboo is not technically wood flooring, its appearance is close enough to fool even the most discerning eye. Why is Bamboo |
Flooring Considered Environmentally Friendly? Although bamboo is actually a type of grass, it is harder than red oak. It reaches full maturity in just 3 to 5 years rather than |
several decades and re-growth appears naturally without the need for replanting. Harvesting bamboo is actually somewhat required because it is so hardy that leaving it to its own devices would |
put a strain on the environment. It would be a terrible shame to waste the harvested material, so people have designed many ways to put it to good use from |
thatched roofs to flooring material. Bamboo also has no requirements for irrigation, fertilizers, or pesticides when grown in its natural environment. Bamboo is naturally resistant to insects and pests. The |
lack of need for harsh chemicals during its growth only does more to keep the carbon footprint down. How is Bamboo Flooring Manufactured? There are several steps involved in creating |
a material suitable for flooring from bamboo. Upon harvest, the bamboo is boiled to remove its natural starches and moisture which could become a wonderful environment for termites if not |
remedied. The outer skin is then removed and the stalk is cut into strips for flooring. These strips are then boiled again to make them even harder or carbonized; the |
longer the carbonation process, the darker the color of the final product. When the strips are ready they are formed into flooring either by gluing strips together or gluing a |
single layer of bamboo strips on top of another solid surface, resulting in either solid bamboo flooring or engineered bamboo flooring respectively. The flooring also goes through other processes to |
strengthen it further by applying laminate materials to increase scratch resistance. What are the design options with bamboo flooring? - Bamboo flooring is available in widths ranging from 3 ž |
inches to 7 inches and thicknesses of 5/8 inches and 9/16 inches. - Finish options for bamboo flooring are available from unfinished and natural from the FSC Unfinished Bamboo collection |
to nearly black and a choice of either horizontal or vertical graining as found in the FSC Designer collection. - The two edge types of bamboo flooring are micro-beveled edges |
and square edges. Bamboo is also available in floating floor styles and nail or glue down styles. How Durable is Bamboo Flooring? Bamboo is naturally hard and durable, and the |
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