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it violates all current scientific thought. Nevertheless, it has been invented and H.R. Johnson has been issued a patent No. 4,151,431 on April 24, 1979 on such a device. This new design although originally suggested by Tesla in 1905, is a permanent magnet motor. Mr. Johnson has arranged a series |
of permanent magnets on the rotor and a corresponding series - with different spacing -on the stator. One simply has to move the stator into position and rotation of the rotor begins immediately. Johnson's patent states: "The invention is directed to the method of utilizing the unpaired electron spins in |
ferro-magnetic and other materials as a source of magnetic fields for producing power without any electron flow as occurs in normal conductors and to permanent magnet motors for utilization of this method to produce a power source." In the practice of this invention, the unpaired electron spins occurring within permanent |
magnets are used to produce a motive power source solely through the super-conducting characteristics of a permanent magnet and the magnetic flux created by the magnets are controlled and concentrated to orient the magnetic forces generated in such a manner to do useful continuous work such as the displacement of |
a rotor with respect to a stator. The timing and orientation of special magnetic forces at the rotor and stator components produced by permanent magnets to produce a motor is accomplished with the proper geometrical relationship of these components. Engineers of Hitachi Magnetics Corp. of California have stated that a |
motor run solely by magnets is feasible and logical but the politics of the matter make it impossible for them to pursue developing a magnet motor or any device that would compete with the energy cartels. In fact, it appears that such devices have been deliberately suppressed over the years |
to prevent any competition from machines that can generate power without a fuel source. This would put big oil and other energy cartels out of business. The Real Reason For Tesla's Interest in According to Tesla's private journals, anomalous voice transmissions heard over his special radio receivers, discussed the warming |
of the planet caused by natural and manmade sources of atmospheric Tesla was also left with the impression that the unknown voices favored this outcome and may have actually "hurried" the process along by encouraging the development of the internal Tesla may have been the first human to learn about |
what is referred to today as "Global Warming" and the "Greenhouse Effect." Tesla, convinced that the voices he was receiving were from a hostile extraterrestrial source, began a concerted effort to develop a means of power that did not use the burning of wood or fossil fuels. An energy source |
that was clean and unlimited and would prevent pollutants, at least manmade, from filling the atmosphere and causing the retention of heat from the sun. Tesla was the first to become aware of one of the most controversial subjects in conspiratorial circles today - Alternative Three and the destruction of |
POINT, NICOLAS, Jesuit priest and missionary; b. 10 April 1799 in Rocroi, Ardennes, France, son of François Point, carpenter, and Marie-Nicole Boursois; d. 3 July 1868 at Quebec. Born during an unsettled period in the history of France, the education of Nicolas Point was sketchy. His father’s early death required him to take employment as a lawyer’s drudge at 13 to help his widowed |
mother support a large family, of which he was, apparently, the eldest. Even as a young child he could sketch well and his mother encouraged his talent. Reading a life of St Francis Xavier engendered in him an interest in the missions and probably led him to apply for entrance into the Society of Jesus. He entered that order at Saint-Acheul, Somme, on 28 |
June 1819, and he was ordained a priest at Sion, Switzerland, on 20 March 1831. At the request of Benoît-Joseph Flaget, first bishop of Louisville, Ky, he and several other Jesuits were sent in 1835 to open a college at Lebanon, Ky. That venture failed, and Point was sent to Louisiana where, under the direction of Antoine Blanc, bishop of New Orleans, he began |
Saint Charles College at Grand Coteau. The school opened in 1837, but did not prosper under Point’s direction. In the spring of 1840 Point was called by his superiors to St Louis and sent to Westport (today in Kansas City, Mo.) to prepare for an expedition of six Jesuits, led by Pierre-Jean De Smet*, who were to open a mission among the Flatheads in |
the northwestern United States. Point worked there tirelessly for the following six years. He established at least one mission, that of the Sacred Heart among the Skitswish (Coeur d’Alenes) at a site near the present Cataldo, Idaho. Throughout this period he kept a journal and made in it hundreds of sketches of Indians in every phase of their existence. Point also made many sketches |
which were to appear in De Smet’s books. At his own request, Point was recalled in 1847, and he went to Windsor, Canada West, to join his brother Pierre* who was in charge of a parish serving mainly Indians. In 1848 he was transferred to Wikwemikong, on Manitoulin Island, where the Indian mission of Sainte-Croix was conducted by the Jesuits. During his years there, |
he built a stone church, started schools for Indian girls and boys, established pious societies (chiefly in an effort to combat the effects of drunkenness), and encouraged large-scale agriculture among the Indians. In 1855 his health gave out and he was sent to the Jesuit house at Sault-au-Récollet (Montreal) to recover. It was there that he reorganized his journal, with its interleaves of drawings |
in colour. This precious work, composed of six ledger-sized manuscript volumes, he called “Souvenirs des Montagnes Rocheuses.” For most of the rest of his life Point was an invalid. In 1865 his superiors sent him to Quebec where he became a highly sought after adviser to the local clergy. He died at Quebec on 3 July 1868. He was so much admired by the |
clergy, particularly the canons, that they insisted on his burial in the crypt under the cathedral. Point’s work as an artist is said by some to be primitive, but it is also original in its technique. His paintings are especially valuable because they portray the daily life of several Indian tribes, the Flatheads, Blackfeet, and Skitswish for the most part, just before they were |
radically changed by the incursion of the white man. [Nicolas Point left a large body of manuscript material which is scattered through several archives. The Archivum Romanum Societatis Iesu (Rome), Epistolae praepositorum generalium ad patres et fratres Societatis Iesu, has a collection of his letters to the Jesuit general and of the baptismal records he kept while on the missions in the Oregon country. |
The Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale (Rome), Fondo Gesuitico, has the original journal and sketches Point made on a voyage by barge from the northwestern United States back to St Louis on his way to Canada. The Missouri Province Archives of the Society of Jesus (St Louis University, Mo.) has a small collection of letters and some pen and ink sketches of scenes he drew at |
BJARNASON, JÓN, Lutheran minister, periodical editor, educator, and community leader; b. 15 Nov. 1845 in Thvottá, Iceland, son of Bjarni Sveinsson and Rósa Brynjólfsdóttir; m. 15 Nov. 1870 Lara Gudjohnsen |
in Reykjavík, Iceland; they adopted three children and several foster children lived with them for varied lengths of time; d. 3 June 1914 in Winnipeg. Jón Bjarnason was one of |
the most influential leaders among the early Icelandic immigrants to Canada and the United States. He was also an almost constant source of controversy. The son of a Lutheran pastor, |
he entered the grammar school in Reykjavík in 1861, and graduated from the theological seminary there in 1869, receiving ordination in the Lutheran Church that year. After teaching school in |
Reykjavík for several years, he emigrated with his wife to the United States in 1873 at the suggestion of a former schoolmate, Pall Thorlaksson. Initially, he taught at Luther College |
in Decorah, Iowa. His experiences with the Norwegian Evangelical Lutheran Synod of America influenced his own theology. Impressed with its democratic procedures, he was at the same time uncomfortable with |
its theological fundamentalism. While at Decorah, he was invited to deliver the sermon at the first Icelandic church service in North America, held in Milwaukee, Wis., on 2 Aug. 1874 |
to mark the 1,000th anniversary of the settlement of Iceland. Bjarnason left Luther College in 1875, and found employment first as a translator in Madison, Wis., and then, for a |
brief period in 1876, with the newspaper Skandinaven [Scandinavian] in Chicago. In March 1876 he moved his family to Minneapolis, Minn., where he became chief editor of the newspaper Budstikken |
[Rally]. Not long after, he received a call from five congregations in New Iceland, a small colony of about 1,300 Icelandic settlers established on the western shore of Lake Winnipeg. |
Located in what is now Manitoba, it was at that time in the District of Keewatin, beyond the northern boundaries of the province. He visited New Iceland in July 1877 |
and took up residence there on 8 November. His local followers hoped that he would keep alive Icelandic church traditions, and also support the retention of the Icelandic language and |
culture. He brought with him those same aspirations, as well as a liberal theology which denied the infallibility of Scripture. Thorlaksson too had accepted a call to New Iceland and |
had arrived shortly before Bjarnason. The theological differences between Thorlaksson, a conservative, and Bjarnason, a liberal, were soon debated by the two in public encounters which drew large audiences and |
sharply divided the colony. Bjarnason’s followers called themselves the Icelandic Lutheran Synod of America, but the organization they established was short-lived, since its only meeting took place in Gimli on |
30 June 1879. Its constitution extended the right to vote at congregational meetings to all men and women over age 18. (Thorlaksson’s followers excluded women and limited the age to |
21.) In 1880 Bjarnason returned to Iceland. He may have been disillusioned with his sojourn in New Iceland, for, among other irritants, he was never paid the salary he had |
been promised. He had also wished to be near his ailing father. Before leaving, he ordained Halldor Briem on 21 March 1880 and appointed him his successor. He returned to |
Canada with his family in 1884, after serving a congregation in Seyīisfjörīur, Iceland. He had received a call from First Lutheran Church in Winnipeg, which he earlier had helped establish. |
The congregation grew rapidly after his arrival and became the centre of Icelandic Lutheranism in the city. Bjarnason would continue as pastor until his death in 1914. The establishment of |
an Icelandic synod had long been one of Bjarnason’s dreams. On 25 Jan. 1885 several delegates met in Mountain, N.Dak., to organize the Icelandic Evangelical Lutheran Synod of America. The |
constitution they drafted was modelled on the one Bjarnason had drawn up for the Icelandic Lutheran Synod. The synod’s first annual meeting was held in Winnipeg on 24 June of |
that year, and Bjarnason was elected its first president. He would hold office until 1908. The official organ of the synod was the Winnipeg periodical Sameiningin [Unity], which Bjarnason was |
influential in establishing. He was its first editor and continued in the post until his death. The journal became a voice for his own, often polemical, points of view. He |
maintained a centrist position theologically, writing scathing indictments of extreme fundamentalism – a continuing expression of his disagreements with Thorlaksson and the Norwegian Synod – and, later, of what he |
considered to be excessively liberal and radical ideas. Debate seems to have been a constant part of his life. Always interested in increasing lay involvement in church activities, in 1885 |
Bjarnason established a youth organization at First Lutheran. Known colloquially as the bandalag, or league, it was formally called the Luther League. Within a few years Luther leagues had been |
formed by several congregations in Canada and the United States. While resident in New Iceland, Bjarnason and his wife had established a public school in Gimli, at which Mrs Bjarnason |
was the principal teacher. At the annual meeting of synod in 1887, Bjarnason offered to contribute $100 to a fund to establish a church-related Icelandic academy. Nothing further developed. The |
issue was again raised in 1890, but plans did not proceed because Bjarnason fell ill. In 1893 the need for a library to serve the Icelandic community and an eventual |
academy was identified and Bjarnason managed to collect money to buy a private collection from Iceland and promised to donate his own library after his death. There was continued public |
debate about the feasibility of the educational institution, its relation to the church, and whether it should be built in the United States or Canada. Finally, Winnipeg was selected as |
the site and in 1898 a board of directors was chosen. By then, over $6,000 had been raised. The project advanced no further, however. In 1901, through the efforts of |
Bjarnason and other leaders in the Icelandic community, an agreement was reached with Wesley College [see Joseph Walter Sparling] on the inclusion of Icelandic language and literature in its curriculum. |
Bjarnason was appointed one of the examiners. This agreement seemed to satisfy, at least temporarily, the community’s aspirations for higher education. After remaining dormant for over a decade, the concept |
of an Icelandic academy was formalized in 1911 and in 1913 the school opened its doors to 36 students in rented quarters. At first, all students were Icelandic, and were |
required to take language courses in Icelandic. The issue of religious affiliation was resolved when the synod decided to emphasize a Christian, rather than exclusively Lutheran, orientation. Icelandic Unitarians attended, |
and were excused from the otherwise mandatory attendance at chapel services. In time students came from several provinces and the United States. Initially the academy offered elementary education, one year |
of high school, and a course for Sunday-school teachers. Other high school grades were added and the elementary classes eliminated. Although it was known as the Jón Bjarnason Academy from |
the beginning, the name became official only after Bjarnason’s death in 1914. Permanent quarters were found in 1923 and the academy continued until 1940. It had been a centre for |
Icelandic social and cultural organizations and its library had been widely used. The Reverend Jón Bjarnason was a man who seems to have always been at the midst of controversy, |
something which he enjoyed. As a schoolboy in Reykjavík, he had been critical of both fellow students and faculty. Still, his writings suggest that he was respectful of most of |
those with whom he disagreed. A charismatic individual with a wife who was his partner and supporter, he was certainly one of the most influential persons in the early history |
of Icelandic settlement in North America. V. J. Eylands, Lutherans in Canada, intro. F. C. Fry (Winnipeg, 1945). G. J. Houser, Pioneer Icelandic pastor: the life of the Reverend Paul |
Thorlaksson (Winnipeg, 1990). W. Kristjanson, The Icelandic people in Manitoba: a Manitoba saga (Winnipeg, 1965). Minningarrit um Séra Jón Bjarnason, 1845–1914 . . . [In memoriam, the Reverend Jón Bjarnason] |
(Winnipeg, 1917). R. H. Ruth, Educational echoes; a history of education of the Icelandic-Canadians in Manitoba (Winnipeg, 1964). Jonas Thor, “A religious controversy among Icelandic immigrants in North America, 1874–1880” |
(ma thesis, Univ. of Man., Winnipeg, 1980). Cite This Article John S. Matthiasson , “BJARNASON, JÓN,” in Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 14, University of Toronto/Université Laval, 2003–, accessed June |
For discussing the functions of different structures of all organisms. Hair follicle that is in the bottom of the hair, contains living cells (thus, these cells have DNA). To use DNA testing (paternity testing, criminal investigations, etc.), hair is uprooted. The hair that falls in the form of fracture is not useful for this analysis (it does not contain DNA). |
OK just to get my head around this. There is no point in testing an old, cut lock of my missing sister's hair for identity purposes as it just proves who our mother is which can be done if she returns, at which point we might as well do a comparison nDNA of both of us to determine we share |
both parents. Correct? If the lock was not washed/frequently brushed/otherwise cleaned, I think it is possible that some skin cells may have adhered to the hair and might remain - it seems like this hasn't been mentioned in the thread before. I also think that it probably would have to not have been handled very much, since anyone who touches |
it would leave skin cells behind as well. You would probably need the cells of anyone who has handled the lock in order to try and subtract their signal out of the experiment, so it seems unlikely to me that this could be done successfully. If you had any object that she had touched (preferably frequently) but nobody else ever |
did (or at most only once or twice), then you might be able to get some signal - it would still be quite difficult though. Yes of course you can get DNA from hair To do so you need the folliclular cells of the hair (meaning that the hair needs to be plucked with its 'roots') since these are the |
only living cells of the hair. The actual hair shaft contains no living cells or DNA and cannot be used for DNA identification. If you need to find out more about DNA testing you can visit our website and contact our DNA specialists at Atlas DNA . Hope this one helps to all of you Last edited by JackBean on |
An oncogene is a modified gene, or a set of nucleotides that codes for a protein and is believed to cause cancer. Genetic mutations resulting in the activation of oncogenes increase the chance that a normal cell will develop into a tumor cell. Since the 1970s, dozens of oncogenes have been identified in human cancer. Oncogenes are figuratively thought to |
be in a perpetual tug-of-war with tumor suppressor genes which act to prevent DNA damage and keep the cell's activities under control. There is much evidence to support the notion that loss of tumor suppressors or gain of oncogenes can lead to cancer. A proto-oncogene is a normal gene that can become an oncogene due to mutations or increased expression. |
Proto-oncogenes code for proteins that help to regulate cell growth and differentiation. Proto-oncogenes are often involved in signal transduction and execution of mitogenic signals, usually through their protein products. Upon activation, a proto-oncogene (or its product) becomes a tumor inducing agent, an oncogene. Examples of proto-oncogenes include SRC, RAS, WNT, MYC, ERK and TRK. The proto-oncogene can become an oncogene |
by a relatively small modification of its original function. There are three basic activation types: - A mutation within a proto-oncogene can cause a change in the protein structure, causing - An increase in protein concentration, caused by - an increase of protein expression (through misregulation) - an increase of protein stability, prolonging its existence and thus its activity in |
the cell - a gene duplication (one type of chromosome abnormality), resulting in an increased amount of protein in the cell - A chromosomal translocation (another type of chromosome abnormality), causing - an increased gene expression in the wrong cell type or at wrong times - the expression of a constitutively active hybrid protein. This type of aberration in a |
dividing stem cell in the bone marrow leads to adult leukemia Mutations in microRNAs can lead to activation of oncogenes. New research indicates that small RNAs 21-25 nucleotides in length called microRNAs (miRNAs) can control expression of these genes by downregulating them. There are several systems for classifying oncogenes, but there is not yet a widely accepted standard. They are |
a cell that usually does not produce growth factors suddenly starts to do so (because it developed an oncogene), it will thereby induce its own uncontrolled proliferation (autocrine loop), as well as the proliferation of neighboring cells. In addition, abnormal growth of endocrine glands often cause ectopic production of growth hormones that have secondary effects on other parts of the |
the University of California, Berkeley demonstrated that the SRC was indeed the oncogene of the virus. In 1976 Drs. J. Michael Bishop and Harold E. Varmus of the University of California, San Francisco demonstrated that oncogenes were defective proto-oncogenes, found in many organisms including humans. For this discovery Bishop and Varmus were awarded the Nobel Prize in 1989. - ^ |
Yokota J (2000 Mar). ""Tumor progression and metastasis"". Carcinogenesis. 21 (3): 497-503. - ^ Todd R, Wong DT (1999). ""Oncogenes"". Anticancer Res. 19 (6A): 4729-46. - ^ Esquela-Kerscher, A; Slack FJ (Apr 2006). "Oncomirs - microRNAs with a role in cancer". Nature Reviews Cancer 6 (4): 259-269. - ^ Negrini, M; Ferracin M, Sabbioni S, Croce CM (Jun 2007). "MicroRNAs |
system: tract (Esophagus, Stomach, Small intestine, Colon/rectum, Appendix, Anus) - glands (Liver, Bile duct, Gallbladder, Pancreas) respiratory system: Larynx - Lung bone, articular cartilage, skin, and connective tissue: Bone - Skin - Blood urogenital: breast and female genital organs (Breast, Vagina, Cervix, Uterus, Endometrium, Ovaries) - male genital organs (Penis, Prostate, Testicles) - urinary organs (Kidney, Bladder) nervous system: Eye |
Posted on Thursday 14th April 2011 Recent events in Libya and Cote d’Ivoire have once again highlighted the issue of conflict in Africa, raising the question of whether the continent is capable of addressing crises without international intervention. The Rwandan genocide horrified the international community, and continues to influence their |
response to crises on the continent. Yet the history of Rwanda since 1994 offers lessons for today’s African leaders about conflict resolution and reconciliation, as well as warnings to the international community about the challenges of supporting ‘African solutions’. Since the 1994 genocide Rwanda has become a key player in |
African security and an island of stability in a troubled region. At home, it has drawn on traditional conflict resolution and justice mechanisms, and home-grown ‘solidarity camps’, to rebuild community relationships. Rwanda has very much ‘owned’ its recovery, but paradoxically this would not be possible without the investment of the |
international community. Rwanda is a ‘donor darling’; its government prioritises stability, guarantees impressive internal security and boasts the highest proportion of female parliamentarians anywhere in the world. It has a strong and capable military and has become one of the largest providers of troops to UN Peacekeeping missions. Its contribution |
to the African Union-United Nations Assistance Mission in Darfur has earned Rwanda much praise: how often do states recovering from large-scale conflict, in this case genocide, send peacekeepers to prevent such violence elsewhere? However, these successes are only part of Rwanda’s post-genocide story. Its interventions in neighbouring Democratic Republic of |
Congo, and the government’s lack of tolerance for criticism, have led to growing concern. A leaked 2010 UN report accused Rwandan troops of committing genocide in Congo, whilst Presidential elections that year were marred by attacks on opponents of the government, often accused of ‘genocide ideology’ and ‘divisionism’. Rwanda certainly |
illustrates the importance of ‘national solutions’, but the sustainability of peace relies on more open debate and less meddling in Congo, both of which could potentially be furthered by greater international involvement and pressure. More broadly on the continent, recent events in Cote d’Ivoire and Libya have demonstrated the limits |
of Africa’s nascent conflict management capabilities. In Libya, the African Union’s (AU) belated intervention, a high level delegation aimed at brokering a ceasefire, is rejected as both naive and toothless. AU leaders continue to support a future role in Libya’s post-uprising order for the current leader Gaddafi, who has provided |
financial backing to many African regimes and been a key supporter of the AU. Despite attempts by the AU to create regional military forces to intervene where civilians are threatened, the North Africa Regional Capacity, hosted by Libya, remains stalled by a lack of cooperation in the region. The possibilities |
of an African-led solution in Cote D’Ivoire were perhaps more promising; the most accomplished and experienced of the regional conflict management forces, Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), is based in West Africa. However it is heavily reliant on Nigeria and, as an Anglophone state often resented by its |
French-speaking neighbours, Nigeria has shied away from intervention in this Francophone state. Thus despite years of early warning of signs of conflict in Cote d’Ivoire, ECOWAS has failed to respond robustly in the face of violence against civilians. Despite assertions that Ivorian forces led the way in ending the country’s |
political standoff, France and the UN have in fact led the operation to oust discredited President Gbagbo. The range of cases here, unfolding as we speak, demonstrate the challenges facing Africa, both at national and continental level, and the need for state building and peace building at a national level, |
but also greater cooperation between states. To build regional forces also means improving national armies; as the example of Rwanda above shows, such a relationship cannot be undertaken lightly. African states and organisations are gaining capacity and experience, with some notable, if partial, successes in Burundi, Somalia and Sudan. But |
in working towards African solutions to future crises on the continent, the international community, through its bilateral relations with African states, military training and support, and institutional capacity building, still has a significant role to play. Dr Danielle Beswick International Development Department School of Public Policy |
Her passion for volunteerism and leadership did not fall solely on the YWCA and the NCNW. She was also a dedicated member of Delta Sigma Theta Sorority Inc. and served from 1947 until1956 as its national president. Some of her more notable accomplishments include: • The establishment of the Women’s |
Center for Education and Career Advancement in New York City in 1970 • The dedication of the statue of Mary McLeod Bethune in Lincoln Park, Washington D.C. in 1974. The statue was the first for a woman on public land in the nation’s capital • Participation in the 1975 Tribunal |
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