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comply with minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so, despite limited resources, a civil conflict, and continued kidnapping raids by rebels |
based in southern Sudan. The Ugandan Penal Code prohibits the import, export, purchase, sale, receipt or detention of persons as slaves but does not cover other severe forms of trafficking. |
The government does not actively investigate or prosecute cases of trafficking. When captured through security enforcement or military action, LRA rebels normally are prosecuted for other crimes, such as treason |
and sedition. Regarding protection of victims, the government of Uganda instituted a military incursion in March 2002 against the LRA in southern Sudan, in part to rescue children and others |
abducted by the LRA. The government, while financially unable to provide assistance, works closely with donors and NGOs, which provide counseling services, reintegration programs and other assistance for returning victims. |
The government has not launched any anti-trafficking campaigns or other prevention programs geared specifically to trafficking. However, the government does support universal primary education and programs to bolster women's participation |
in economic decision-making as broader preventative measures against trafficking. Ukraine is a source country for women and girls trafficked to Central and Western Europe and the Middle East for purposes |
of sexual exploitation. The Government of Ukraine does not yet fully comply with minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making serious and sustained efforts to do |
so. Although limited in resources, the government has the political will to make efforts against trafficking. A new criminal code effective September 2001 criminalizes human trafficking, pornography and sexual exploitation. |
Anti-trafficking units have been established at the national and oblast level. A limited but increasing number of cases against traffickers are prosecuted. Criminal organizations are believed to run trafficking activities. |
The government has also suspended the licenses of individuals and companies involved in trafficking in persons. The government does not condone trafficking but a number of law enforcement officers may |
be corrupt thereby facilitating trafficking in persons. Specialized training is offered for law enforcement. The government cooperates with foreign governments internationally on investigations, and participates in international training seminars. Governmental |
protection and assistance for victims is provided mainly at the local and city levels. Limited resources prevent the national government from offering victim services. Victims are encouraged to assist law |
enforcement in investigations of traffickers and may file civil actions. There is no victim restitution program. Governmental actions regarding prevention are limited, as a new government action plan for prevention |
of trafficking has been approved but not yet implemented. In November 2001, a docudrama on trafficking was aired; NGOs and international organizations have provided additional information campaigns. The United Arab |
Emirates is a country of destination for trafficked persons. Foreign nationals comprise about eighty-five percent of the population, and guest workers make up ninety-eight percent of the country's private sector |
workforce. Of these, some who come to the United Arab Emirates for unskilled or semi-skilled employment become the victims of trafficking, since they are subject to coerced labor, slave-like conditions, |
or sexual exploitation. Those low-skilled foreign workers forced into domestic servitude primarily come from South and Southeast Asian countries, primarily India, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, and the Philippines. Victims trafficked as |
domestic male servants, laborers and unskilled workers in construction and agriculture come mainly from India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Bangladesh. There are reports that some trafficking victims' employment contracts were altered |
or switched upon their arrival to the United Arab Emirates without their consent, actions against which such victims have little effective recourse. Women and girls from Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Russia, |
East Asia and Eastern Europe have reported being lured with the promise of legitimate jobs and then forced into sexual exploitation. Boys from Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka have |
been trafficked to the United Arab Emirates to work as camel jockeys. The government of the United Arab Emirates does not fully comply with minimum standards for the elimination of |
trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so. The United Arab Emirates does not have a law criminalizing trafficking in persons. Forced or compulsory labor is illegal, and |
labor regulations prohibit the employment of persons less than fifteen years of age. Traffickers can be prosecuted for child smuggling. The authorities have prosecuted foreign child smugglers, but do not |
investigate citizens involved in trafficking. The government prohibited the use of children under the age of fifteen as camel jockeys in 1993, but the Camel Racing Association, not the government, |
is responsible for enforcing these rules. The labor laws in the United Arab Emirates do not cover domestic servants or agricultural workers. Regarding protection of victims, the government has made |
only minimal efforts. The government of the United Arab Emirates has provided underage camel jockeys with shelter and repatriation assistance, but provides no assistance to other trafficking victims. Prostitutes are |
either detained or arrested and prosecuted and then deported without regard to whether they are victims of trafficking. The government does not sponsor prevention efforts. It has restricted granting visas |
to single women who are under forty years of age, to prohibit them from visiting the United Arab Emirates and working as prostitutes. The United Kingdom is a destination country |
for the trafficking of women into prostitution and the trafficking of laborers, predominantly men, into agriculture, sweatshops and industry. Female victims are trafficked from Eastern Europe, notably the Balkans. Trafficked |
laborers come from a variety of countries, including China, Congo, Angola, Colombia, Romania, Yugoslavia and the Indian subcontinent. The Government of the United Kingdom fully complies with minimum standards for |
the elimination of trafficking, including making serious and sustained efforts to eliminate severe forms of trafficking in persons with respect to law enforcement, protection of victims, and prevention of trafficking. |
Although it has no specific law against trafficking in persons, the United Kingdom prohibits related offenses such as unlawful imprisonment, related offenses of sexual and physical violence, and immigration and |
other sexual offense violations. The British police have dedicated contact officers in national and international law enforcement agencies who deal specifically with trafficking. The government actively investigates and prosecutes trafficking |
cases, and has convicted traffickers for related offenses such as "causing prostitution." To protect victims, the government may provide trafficking victims with temporary residence. British social services provide care to |
trafficking victims. The Foreign and Commonwealth Office has assisted many trafficking victims and repatriated many others. Community Liaison Units attached to consular sections of United Kingdom diplomatic missions have made |
strides to prevent forced marriages. Other Government prevention activities include distribution of anti-trafficking videos and literature in the Balkans and other countries of origin. The government supports numerous international and |
domestic organizations that combat trafficking, and is involved in international efforts to combat trafficking through the European Union, OSCE and the Balkans Stability Pact. The Department for International Development runs |
education programs on trafficking in Eastern Europe and South-East Asia. The government addresses organized, immigration-related crime through formal, interagency coordination. The government is legally obligated to implement within two years |
the European Union framework decision on trafficking. Vietnam is a source and transit country for women and children trafficked for sexual exploitation. There is also internal trafficking of women and |
children for sexual exploitation. Vietnamese victims are trafficked primarily to China and Cambodia and, to a lesser extent, other destinations in Asia including American Samoa, Hong Kong, Macao, Malaysia, Singapore, |
and Thailand. Organized crime groups use Vietnam as a transit point for persons trafficked from China and the Middle East to Australia, Canada, and Europe. The government does not yet |
meet minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so. There is a law against trafficking in women and children, but not against |
trafficking in men. The police actively investigate cases that come to their attention and traffickers have been prosecuted. Protection for victims includes a rehabilitation program, which offers assistance to some |
victims with the aid of international donors. Although prostitutes, including some trafficking victims, receive some counseling and services, this occurs in detention centers, in which they are confined until the |
sentence is served. Corruption, poor border control and inefficient interagency cooperation limit the effectiveness of prevention efforts. There has been an information campaign and the government cooperates with international organizations |
to warn potential victims of the dangers of trafficking. The government has also worked bilaterally on trafficking issues with China. In a case that could indicate government involvement in trafficking, |
an American Samoa court found that two government-controlled labor export companies were liable for labor law violations in their treatment of Vietnamese workers in American Samoa. Victims were subjected to |
a harsh work environment, unscrupulous contracts, and intimidation to drop the lawsuit. The government did take belated action in this case however, removing the general directors of both companies and |
suspending the operations of one company. One director has been prosecuted and sentenced, and judicial proceedings are pending for the other director. The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia is a transit |
country, and to a lesser extent, a source and destination country for women and girls trafficked for sexual exploitation. Victims, mostly from Moldova, Romania, Ukraine, and Bulgaria end up in |
Kosovo, Bosnia, Albania, and Western Europe. Roma children are also trafficked through the Federal Republic for begging and theft in Western Europe. Chinese nationals are occasionally trafficked from Serbia to |
Western Europe. Neither the Government of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia1, the Government of Serbia, nor the Government of Montenegro yet fully comply with minimum standards for the elimination of |
trafficking; however, they are making significant efforts to do so. The Federal Interior Ministry formed the Initial Board for Combating Trafficking in Human Beings, with representatives from all relevant federal |
and republic ministries, international organizations, and NGOs, and it established a high-level working group. While the lack of specific trafficking laws makes prosecution of trafficking difficult, the Serbian and Montenegrin |
Republic Governments are currently prosecuting under slavery, prostitution, and kidnapping laws. With foreign government consultation, the federal and republic ministries have formed a law enforcement task force that is investigating |
and prosecuting trafficking cases. In addition, Montenegro's security center is exchanging information with the international community in Kosovo and with Albania in trafficking case investigations. Corruption, especially at the low |
level, is a widespread problem. In 2001, over 1,200 cases of general police corruption resulted in termination of employment or fines. With respect to protection of victims, the Federal and |
Serbian Governments provide in-kind support to NGOs and international organizations in the form of space and security for shelters, and rely on these organizations for all protection services to victims. |
The Federal government also provides facilities for the recently opened Regional Clearing Point, which collects and coordinates information on trafficking from all the countries in the region. The Federal Government |
signed an MOU granting victims a four-week assessment period before deportation; however, in some cases, potential victims are still being detained, fined, and deported for illegal border crossing and prostitution. |
For prevention, the Serbian and Montenegrin Governments provide school space and public TV and radio time for NGOs and international organizations to run public anti-trafficking programs. Kosovo, while technically part |
of Serbia, is currently being administered under the authority of the United Nations Interim Administration in Kosovo (UNMIK) pending a determination of its future status in accordance with United Nations |
Security Council Resolution 1244. Since the adoption of UNSCR 1244 in June 1999, UNMIK has provided transitional administration for Kosovo. UNMIK is aware of the serious problems that exist in |
Kosovo concerning trafficking and is working to conduct anti-trafficking efforts. UNMIK remains the final authority in Kosovo but is turning over responsibility in most areas to Provisional Institutions of Self-government |
Progeria is a rare genetic condition that produces rapid aging in children. Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome; HGPS Progeria is a rare condition that is remarkable because its symptoms strongly resemble normal human aging, but occur in young children. It usually is not passed down through families. Rarely is it seen in more than one child in a family. The health care |
years. However, some patients can live into their early 20s. The cause of death is usually related to the heart or a stroke. Call for an appointment with your health care provider if your child does not appear to be growing or developing normally. Brown WT. Progeria. In: Kliegman RM, Behrman RE, Jenson HB, Stanton BF, eds. Nelson Textbook of |
The Orthodox Church The Orthodox Church is the first Christian Church, founded by the Lord Jesus Christ. Her history can be traced in unbroken continuity back to the original Pentecost, the descent of the Holy Spirit on the Apostles. The Orthodox Church has continued in her undiminished and unaltered faith and practice. Today her apostolic doctrine, worship and structure remain |
intact. For the first 1000 years of Christian history there was 'One Holy Catholic and Apostolic Church'. The word Catholic means 'Universal'. In other words, the Church holds the same beliefs everywhere. The word Orthodox means 'right belief' and was used to distinguish the true faith from heresies that arose in the early Church. In 1054 a split occurred. The |
'Great Schism' when the Roman Catholic Church, under the pope, separated itself from the Orthodox Church with the 'philioque' addition to the Creed. After the Great Schism various other changes in doctrine and practice were made on the part of the Catholic Church which further widened the gap between the two Churches. The Protestant Reformation then scattered the faithful even |
more, dividing Christians into numerous other denominations. Today the Orthodox Church is a single, unified body comprised of several autocephalos (self-governing) churches (e.g., Greek Orthodox, Russian Orthodox, etc.). It is held together not by a universal head, but by the double bond of unity in the faith and communion in the sacraments. These autocephalos churches are in full agreement on |
Who are we? What is our faith? The Anglican Church in America is a branch of the One, Holy, Catholic and Apostolic Church instituted by Jesus Christ. The word ‘Anglican’ refers to our spiritual heritage and roots in the Church of England. Traders, merchants and soldiers seem to have brought the Christian Faith to Britain shortly after it became part |
of the Roman Empire in the middle of the First Century AD. Sixteen hundred years later, during what we call the Reformation, the Church of England emerged as a unique institution. It retained its ‘Catholic’ heritage enshrined in the Creeds, the decisions of the General Councils, its liturgy and sacraments, and in the threefold ministry of bishops, priests and deacons |
in Apostolic Succession. It ‘reformed’ itself by eliminating some nonessential accretions of the later medieval Church, by restoring much of the practice of the earliest Christians, and by insisting upon the authority of Holy Scripture as the rule and guide of Faith. Members of the Church of England came to America in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. In many of |
the original colonies, the Church of England was the established or official Church. After the Revolution, American Anglicans established an autonomous branch of the Church, which became known as the Episcopal Church. Catholic and Reformed The Anglican Communion affirms its ‘Catholic’ heritage. That term is used to affirm our fidelity to the whole Faith as revealed by Jesus Christ (without |
either additions or subtractions) as proclaimed by the Apostles, evangelists, saints, scholars and martyrs of the Early Church and taught in Holy Scripture. At the same time Anglicans give thanks for the witness of those pastors and teachers, who in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries sought to “reform” the Church, some of whom gave their lives in witness to the |
authority of the Bible as the principle rule of Faith and Practice. What is this Faith we have sought to preserve? Anglican faith is thoroughly grounded in Holy Scriptures. Anglicans believe “The Holy Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments as the authentic record of God's revelation of himself, his saving activity, and moral demands” - a revelation valid for |
all men and for all times. We hold that the ancient creeds - the Apostles', Nicene, and Athanasian - express the faith of the Church and are to be understood as they are written. The Anglican church is a credal church, not a confessional one. The creeds, which come from the earliest years of Christianity, summarize the “faith once delivered |
to the saints” (Jude 3). By them we are taught that God is one God in three Persons, Father, Son and Holy Spirit; that God the Son became man, born of a virgin as our Lord Jesus Christ; that by our Lord's sinless life, death and resurrection he gained access for us to God the Father and opened the way |
for us to be children of God and to live with him for all eternity. On Christian morality, we believe that “every Christian is obligated to form his conscience by the divine Moral Law of the Mind of Christ as revealed in Holy Scriptures, and by the teachings and Tradition of the Church.” Such teaching is especially seen in the |
Sermon on the Mount (St. Matthew 5, 6, 7) and in our Lord's Summary of the Law, which states that we must first love God with our heart, soul and mind, and also love our neighbors as ourselves, as well as in his teaching on the sanctity of all human life, and of marriage and the family. What about our |
Worship? Our Faith and Worship are set forth in the Book of Common Prayer of 1928. This treasure of English language, scriptural spirituality and Catholic worship has shaped the lives of countless faithful Christians through the centuries and is the basis of our services of worship. Anglicans are expected to pray. When we pray in private, each of us prays |
in his own way (although guidance and instruction are available for those who wish to grow in the life of prayer). When we pray together in services of worship, our “common prayers” are ‘liturgical,’ that is, they are structured. Only in this way can we truly share our worship of God. Our liturgical worship involves the whole person, body, mind |
and spirit. We are active participants rather than just listeners. Worship to us is not “show business.” It goes from us to God rather than from a preacher to us. We come to church to give God the praise and worship which, as His creatures, we owe Him; not to get something for ourselves. The Holy Eucharist The center of |
our worship is the Holy Eucharist. Other traditional names for this service are: the Holy Communion, the Mass, the Lord's Supper, and the Divine Liturgy. It is the service specifically commanded by Jesus in the New Testament. The Eucharist joins our offering of worship to Christ's offering of Himself upon the altar of the cross. As He promised (Matthew 26; |
Mark 14; Luke 22; John 6; I Corinthians 11) Jesus is truly, spiritually present under the outward forms of the consecrated Bread and Wine, to infuse our lives with the spiritual strength of His life. Receiving Holy Communion By receiving Holy Communion, we give our Solemn Assent, our “Amen,” to the entire Anglican Eucharistic Service. We express our belief that |
the Eucharist is a spiritual sacrifice which must be administered by a bishop or a priest whose ministry derives in succession from the Apostles themselves. We express also our faith in Christ's Real Presence in the Eucharist. Because of the seriousness of these affirmations, this Church does not presume to invite those who in good faith cannot yet accept these |
beliefs to compromise their conscience by receiving Holy Communion at our Altar. It is for these reasons that we are not an “open Communion” Church. Those who do so believe, and who have been confirmed by a Bishop in Apostolic Succession, and who are spiritually prepared, are welcome to receive Holy Communion. Preparation for Holy Communion generally takes the form |
of private prayers. In many Anglican parishes, those physically able to do so refrain from eating ordinary food prior to morning Communion, or for three hours prior to an evening Communion. Morning and Evening Prayer The Daily Offices of Morning and Evening Prayer are prayer services derived in many ways from the Synagogue worship of the Old Testament. They consist |
of readings from the Psalms, other Bible readings, canticles (songs), and prayers. They are provided in the Book of Common Prayer in a manner which makes their discipline of prayer, psalmody, and Holy Scripture the daily spiritual diet of the Church, clergy and lay folk alike. If you are new to Anglican worship you may find some of the customs |
in our services unfamiliar. You will also find some variation of customs from parish to parish. The priest in your local parish will be happy to explain to you the symbolism of our worship. One general rule of thumb for Anglicans is that we stand to praise God, sit for listening to instruction, and kneel humbly to pray. Worship is |
the prime responsibility for all Christians. Anglicans believe that the life of Christian service is possible only through a full life of worship, through which we receive God's love and express our love to Him. Hence, we believe it is our obligation not only to worship God together every Lord's Day (Sunday) but also to have a daily life of |
prayer. A number of parishes are able to offer the Daily Offices and the Holy Communion during the week, as well as on Sunday. The first Christians regarded the Church as the Sacrament, Jesus, Who is God, became truly human in the Incarnation, in the same manner as we are human, except that He was without sin. The Church is |
truly his Body. It is the outward and visible sign of God's presence with his people. Gradually, teachers identified certain outward and visible signs as “sacraments”, that is as actions of the Church which gave the grace of God's presence and blessing. The Anglican Church believes that the Sacraments are “sure witnesses, and effectual signs of grace, and God's good |
will toward us, by the which He doth work invisibly in us, and doth not only quicken, but also strengthen and confirm our Faith in Him” (The Articles of Religion). Anglicans regard the two Gospel Sacraments of Baptism and the Eucharist as being “generally necessary to salvation”. Five other sacramental rites, in their Biblical sense, are also termed sacraments. Holy |
Baptism by means of water and in the Name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost (Matthew 28:19) conveys new birth (John 3:5; Romans 6:4) and forgiveness of sins (Acts 2:38; I Peter 3:21). The Holy Communion also called the Lord's Supper, the Holy Eucharist, the Divine Liturgy and the Mass, was instituted by our |
Lord at the Last Supper when He said, “Do this in remembrance of me” (I Corinthians 11:24, Matthew 26:20-28; Mark 14:17-25; Luke 22:14-20). By this Sacrament He feeds His people with His Body and Blood (John 6:41-59) Confirmation conveys the strengthening gifts of the Holy Spirit (Acts 8:14-17; 19:1-7; Ephesians 1:13) for life as a mature Christian. Penance conveys the |
forgiveness of sins (John 20:23; James 5:16) and the assurance of that forgiveness. Holy Unction is the anointing with oil for healing (James 5:14; Mark 6:13) of body, mind, and soul. Holy Matrimony is the union of one man and one woman for life before God. The relationship, St. Paul tells us (Ephesians 5:31-32), is like that between Christ and |
His Church. Holy Orders denote the Apostolic Ministry of bishops, priest and deacons, instituted by Christ, and male in character (John 20:19-23; Matthew 16:18; Acts 6:1-6). Our Lord commissioned the Apostles and their successors, the bishops, to proclaim His work and salvation which He accomplished on Calvary. When Anglicans speak of Apostolic Succession, we mean an unbroken line of consecrations |
and commissions from our Lord to the present bishops, continuing the same teachings and ministry established by Jesus Christ Himself. Baptism and Confirmation Anglican parents who have a child to be baptized should contact their priest. Some preparation is involved. Selection of Godparents is important. For Anglicans, this office is not just “honorary” it creates a real spiritual responsibility towards |
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