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still being studied. Age. Older age is a risk factor for heart disease. In fact, about 4 of every 5 deaths due to heart disease occur in people older than 65. As we age, our hearts tend not to work as well. The heart's walls may thicken and arteries may stiffen and harden, making the heart less able to pump |
blood to the muscles of the body. Because of these changes, the risk of developing cardiovascular disease increases with age. Because of their sex hormones, women are usually protected from heart disease until menopause, and then their risk increases. Women 65 and older have about the same risk of cardiovascular disease as men of the same age. Contributing Risk Factors |
Stress. Stress is considered a contributing risk factor for heart disease because its effects on the heart are not completely understood. Also, the effects of emotional stress, behavior habits, and socioeconomic status on the risk of heart disease and heart attack have not been proven. That is because we all deal with stress differently: how much and in what way |
stress affects us varies from person to person. Researchers have identified several reasons why stress may affect the heart. - Stressful situations raise your heart rate and blood pressure, increasing your heart's need for oxygen. This need for oxygen can bring on angina pectoris, or chest pain, in people who already have heart disease. - During times of stress, the |
nervous system releases extra hormones (most often adrenaline). These hormones raise blood pressure, which can injure the lining of the arteries. When the arteries heal, the walls may harden or thicken, making it easier for plaque to build up. - Stress also increases the amount of blood clotting factors that circulate in your blood, making it more likely that a |
clot will form. Clots may then block an artery narrowed by plaque and cause a heart attack. Stress may also contribute to other risk factors. For example, people who are stressed may overeat for comfort, start smoking, or smoke more than they normally would. Sex hormones. Sex hormones appear to play a role in heart disease. Among women younger than |
40, heart disease is rare. But between the ages 40 and 65, around the time when most women go through menopause, the chances that a woman will have a heart attack greatly increase. From 65 onward, women make up about half of all heart attack victims. See also on this site: Women and Heart Disease Birth control pills. Early types |
of birth control pills contained high levels of estrogen and progestin, and taking these pills increased the risk of heart disease and stroke, especially in women older than 35 who smoked. But birth control pills today contain much lower doses of hormones and are considered safe for women younger than 35 who do not smoke or have high blood pressure. |
But if you smoke or have other risk factors, birth control pills will increase your risk of heart disease and blood clots, especially if you are older than 35. According to the American Heart Association, women who take birth control pills should have yearly check-ups that test blood pressure, triglyceride, and glucose levels. Alcohol. Studies have shown that the risk |
of heart disease in people who drink moderate amounts of alcohol is lower than in nondrinkers. Experts say that moderate intake is an average of one to two drinks per day for men and one drink per day for women. One drink is defined as 1½ fluid ounces (fl oz) of 80-proof spirits (such as bourbon, Scotch, vodka, gin, etc.), |
1 fl oz of 100-proof spirits, 4 fl oz of wine, or 12 fl oz of beer. But drinking more than a moderate amount of alcohol can cause heart-related problems such as high blood pressure, stroke, irregular heartbeats, and cardiomyopathy (disease of the heart muscle). And the average drink has between 100 and 200 calories. Calories from alcohol often add |
fat to the body, which may increase the risk of heart disease. It is not recommended that nondrinkers start using alcohol or that drinkers increase the amount that they drink. It is never too late—or too early—to begin improving heart health. Some risk factors can be controlled, while others cannot. But, by eliminating risk factors that you can change and |
by properly managing those that you cannot control, you may greatly reduce your risk of heart disease. See also on this site: See on other sites: American Heart Association Understand Your Risk of Heart Attack Updated August 2012 |
Step Inside The Theatre A colloboration between MOLA and Cloak and Dagger Studios In July 2010, the TDP visited the excavations taking place at the site of Shakespeare’s original London Playhouse in London, and now you can explore The Theatre yourself online! Museum of London Archaeology (MOLA) and Cloak and |
Dagger Studios (CnD) have teamed up to create the first ever digital animation of the building, based entirely on archaeological evidence unearthed by MOLA and offering people today a chance to view the Theatre as Shakespeare would have himself in 1595. Explore The Theatre digital animation yourself HERE. CnD employed |
3D modelling software used in the film and visual effects industry to produce the virtual simulation of the Theatre. The animation is a highly detailed and versatile replica that takes users on a journey exploring every nook and cranny of the Theatre. The historical reconstruction is based entirely on real-world |
dimensions extrapolated from excavation work and has enabled archaeologists to explore how the playhouse would have been used by theatregoers and performers in the 16th century. Initial reflections have highlighted the lack of light in the Theatre, which would have dictated when performances could be shown; the dimensions of the |
galleries have provided an insight into the views that the audience would have experienced; the constraints on space in the stalls reveals to us that conditions would have been extremely cramped for theatregoers. The representation has also brought to light new questions about how the Theatre would have been used. |
Archaeological evidence for the stairwells only survived in part and therefore digital artists from CnD and archaeologists from MOLA did extensive research to build up a historically accurately and physically viable solution. Digital Artist from Cloak and Dagger Studios, David Toon, said: Whilst working on the 3D model of the |
Theatre we realised that we were the first people to have seen the inside since it was in use in Shakespearian times…quite an amazing thought. We hope that the simulation allows a wider audience to be inspired by this amazing archeological discovery and for specialist to be able to learn |
more about how the Theatre was used.” Archaeologist, Julian Bowsher, from Museum of London Archaeology, said: Archaeologists are extremely lucky – we get to physically touch the past, in this case, with Shakespeare’s Theatre of 1576. However, even for archaeologists it is sometimes hard to imagine what the remains we |
are excavating would have looked like in their original state. The digital animation MOLA and CnD have collaborated on is the final piece in the puzzle. It shows how important the work we archaeologists do and how the evidence we unearth can be used to reconstruct and understand our historic |
New Health Curriculum Seeks to Educate Native Americans about Sexual Violence July 5, 2012 -- According to Department of Justice statistics, 86 percent of sexual assaults reported by Native American or Alaska Native women are perpetrated by non-Native men. That statistic contrasts sharply with reports of sexual assault by American women of other races, who usually are attacked by a |
man of their same race. “There's a history of Native people not prosecuting non-Native people who come on the reservation,” said Tawna Sanchez, director of Native American Youth Family Center, who has helped develop a sexual violence education plan aimed at Native youth that takes that imbalance into account. Sanchez said tribes cannot currently prosecute non-Native people who commit crimes |
on their land, which leads to perpetrators going free and a continuation of violence, as well as leading individuals on reservation lands to accept sexual violence as the norm. The curriculum – an eight-week course designed to be taught in high schools – was created because organizers couldn't find any other sexual health programs for Native youth that addressed sexual |
violence specifically. Sexual violence prevention programs also tend to be geared toward the general population, and don't take into account the historical and cultural factors that lead to both the high rate of assault on reservations, and the fact that rapes are likely to go unreported. Part of the problem is that some men likely realize that if they commit |
a sexual assault on a reservation, they know they will get away with it because Native populations have historically seen violence against women as inevitable, something they can't do anything about. Part of the solution is empowering young Native women to recognize that sexual violence is not normal or something they have to accept. The problem isn't limited to reservation |
culture, either, Sanchez said. “Things that happen in Indian country trickle down to Native populations in urban areas.” In addition to accepting rape as normal, Native communities have also come to accept violence against sexual minorities as normal – another aspect of sexual violence the curriculum seeks to address. “Traditionally, our people were much more accepting of gay and lesbian |
people,” Sanchez said. Many tribes believed sexual minorities had sacred status, but that belief has eroded, partly due to the arrival of Christian missionaries. The curriculum Sanchez helped develop to address these issues was taught for the first time last spring at NAYA's alternative high school in Portland, and again this spring at Chemawa Indian School in Salem. Now she |
hopes to take the curriculum to the Umatilla Reservation. The curriculum was tweaked somewhat after the first time it was presented to remove some buzzwords, but was well received overall, she added. Many Native women accept sexual violence by non-Native men because it likely stems from historical factors, including the historical presence of military on Native soil and, more recently, |
approaches the earth and reached instruments onboard a satellite Saturday morning (Pacific time). The instruments reported a near-doubling of the solar wind speed to over 600 kilometers per second and a force that could transfer energy into the planet's magnetic field. This could cause extensive viewing of Aurora Borealis, also |
known as "Northern Lights" Saturday night, local time. Viewing conditions in Western Washington are likely to be marginal, at best, because of cloud cover. After dark and before midnight, some pockets of clear skies could allow for lucky folks to see the phenomenon away from city lights. After midnight, low |
clouds will continue to thicken and spread, socking in most of the area from viewing the possible auroral event. Watch this NOAA website for auroral forecasts during the event. This forecast is very-short-range, through less than one hour. |
While breeding habitat conditions have declined from previous years, waterfowl production in North America is at a record high. That is the assessment of the 2012 “Trends in Duck Breeding Populations” report. This year’s estimate of 48.6 million birds is |
significantly higher than the 45.6 million birds estimated last year and 43 percent above the long-term average. The annual report is a compilation of information about the status of duck populations and wetland habitats collected by wildlife biologists from the |
U.S. Fish and Wildlife and Canadian Wildlife Service for the Waterfowl Breeding Population and Habitat Survey. The survey samples more than two million square miles of waterfowl habitat across the United States and Canada. Among the highlights from the survey |
in the north-central United States, south-central and northern Canada and Alaska are these population estimates: Mallard abundance is 10.6 million birds, a 15 percent increase over 2011 and a 39 percent increase over the long-term average of 7.6 million. Gadwall |
abundance is 10 percent above the 2011 estimate, and 96 percent above the long-term average. American wigeon abundance increased 3 percent from 2011, but remains 17 percent below the long-term average. Abundance of green-winged teal and blue-winged teal were 3.5 |
million and 9.2 million, which were 20 percent and 3 percent above their 2011 numbers, respectively. Both species continue to remain well above their long-term averages by 74 percent and 94 percent. Abundance for northern shovelers is 5 million, which |
is 8 percent above 2011, and 111 percent above their long-term average. Northern pintails are at 3.5 million which is 22 percent below the 2011 estimate and 14 percent below the long-term average. Habitat conditions observed across the survey areas |
during 2012 were characterized by average to below-average moisture, especially in the southern portions; primarily because of a mild winter and an early spring. The 2012 survey’s estimate of ponds for the north-central U.S. was 1.7 million, which was 49 |
percent below the 2011 estimate of 3.2 million, and similar to the long-term average. Significant decreases in wetland numbers and conditions occurred in the U.S. prairies this year. The annual survey guides the Fish and Wildlife Service’s waterfowl conservation programs. |
The service works in partnership with state biologists from the four flyways – the Pacific, Central, Mississippi and Atlantic – to establish regulatory frameworks for waterfowl hunting season lengths, dates and bag limits, derived in part from the data gathered |
German boffins produce sim of 'invisibility carpet' in action Don't try sweeping anything important under this Remorseless German boffins have developed a simulator which can show how so-called "invisibility carpets" fashioned of metamaterials (in fact more likely to appear in the form of invisible sheds, according to top boffins) would actually appear to the human eye. According to the simulation, the invisible sheds would |
produce curious ripples and distortions, fairly easily spotted. The attempt to sweep everything under the invisibility carpet wasn't terribly successful. "It's important to visualize how an optical device works," explains Jad C Halimeh, who wrote the software as part of his Master of Science thesis at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology. Details of the new KIT kit have been published in a scholarly paper, |
but the actual code hasn't been released yet. Apparently the standard software that scientists and engineers use to simulate light in a room only allows for a few hundred "volume elements" interacting with the lighting. Halimeh says that to accurately work out the effects of visual-wavelength broadband metamaterials you need hundreds of thousands of elements, which his tech has got. One should note that |
nobody has made a metamaterial able to affect visible-light wavelengths, far less a broadband one able to twist all the frequencies the human eye can see. Prof John Pendry, one of the top boffins in the field, has said that advances in nanotechnology might one day make such things possible - but that it won't be a "cloak" as such. "Despite the hype around |
Harry Potter, this isn't anything that flaps around in the breeze," the prof has said. "It's more like a shed." Meanwhile Halimeh and his KIT colleagues, wanting to demonstrate their program, rendered a virtual museum niche with three walls, a ceiling, and a floor. In the middle of the room, there's a bump in the floor - but it's covered in metamaterial invisible-shed cladding |
(the KIT people prefer to speak of invisibility "carpet") which in theory ought to make an observer see nothing but a flat reflecting floor. However, according to the simulation, this is actually far from the case. It would seem that in addition to not really being possible, the invisibility cloak/shed/carpet is also fairly crap. The paper, Photorealistic images of carpet cloaks, can be read |
here (pdf). ® Has anyone else.... ....spotted the 12 ninjas in the room yet? Just me then. Riminds me of... The Predators' cloaking armour. It's worth pointing out That if you put something under a real carpet or (for that matter) in a real shed, you can't see the thing. The point (if there is one) at which this device is useful is when |
not only is the thing you're hiding invisible, but the cloak/carpet/shed it's in is invisible also. And that means that it has to look like something else that really is there, because a big shiny old quasi-metallic ripply surface is what people in the concealment business would call A DEAD FUCKING GIVEAWAY. That's not to say this research is a bad idea. Research of |
Sri Lanka will celebrate the National Tree Planting Day on October 20, 2012, and in fact, there are also other dates that tree planting day is being done in some countries like Australia, Cambodia, Costa Rica, Iran, Kenya, Malawi, New Zealand, Portugal, United States, Venezuela, and others. It is generally |
refers to Arbor Day since the word Arbor is a Latin word which means tree, and all nations are encourage to plant trees, and care for them. In fact, this activity is long held done since 1872 of April 10 despite that there are different occasions or events that it’s |
being celebrated in different countries worldwide which was set in based on climate and geographical locations to plant trees. This is an on-going reminder to all people to make preservation of trees, stop cutting-trees, and continuously support the growing need to plant trees in all places in order to preserve |
not just the land, but the lives of the people. Among the benefits that trees give are its serves as a shield against greenhouse effect, it cleanses the air, primary source of oxygen, conserves energy, save water, prevent any forms of pollution, provides food, and all other known advantages for |
the profit of human life. In fact, these top 10 oldest trees in the world are living witnesses on how they have seen changes, and how they become part of the history from one generation to this current era. Know the approximate time of their existence, and its valuable contribution |
to the world. Some of the trees listed on this list are already destroyed, and no longer exist, but they are considered oldest trees tracing back to the details of the history. Nonetheless, the benefits that they gave to the place and to the country where they were found living |
were really remarkable, and it cannot be eradicated from the pages of the history. This list signifies the celebration and respect to the mother earth, and most especially how it has sustained the environment and people for decades, and even centuries. There are also other trees that have been examined |
and also cited as one of the oldest trees in the world like the 3,000-year old Alyshun tree, the 2,000- year old Old Chestnut, the 2,300-year old General Sherman, and even the 2,170 years old Jhomunsugi tree which seem to aged at 7,200-year old and not 2,170 years. 10. The |
Patriarch – 3,000 years This is one of the oldest trees in the world, which is also known as The Patriarca da Foresta or the Patriarch of the Forest which is found in Brazil. In fact, it is the oldest tree living in the country, and it’s in Santa Rita |
do Passa Quatro, which is in the National Park Vassunuga. This is one of the most finest and preserved trees in the Southern area of America. 9. Jardine Juniper – 3,200 This tree was actually a discovery of Maurice Blood Linford in 1923 while she was studying at Utah State |
Agricultural College. It is actually under the Juniperus scopulorum species which is usually found in Cache National Forest. It stands 40 feet tall and its circumference measurement is 7.21 meters or 284 inches. If you would want to reach the exact place where Jardine Juniper tree is located, you’ll have |
to travel about 9 miles trip to reach it since it’s located within Logan Canyon. While trudging the path towards the tree, you’ll fall-in love to the scenery of the place. According to history, its existence began during the life of the early pioneers who entered in Cache Valley. People |
love to visit the tree during summer season while taking a hike. 8. The Senator – 3,400 – 3500 It was destroyed because of fire that occurred in Seminole County, but The Senator is still included on this list of the oldest trees in the world. It stands 125 feet |
tall which is equivalent to 38m,and it’s found at the Big Tree Park in Longwood, Florida. It has served as the main landmark of people who are living within the Central Florida. Despite of the partial damage that it received in 1925 hurricane, it has lived more years since it |
has only affected its original height of 165 feet or 50m. Its name was derived from the Senator who donated the tree, Senator Moses Overstreet of Florida State. This is not just one of the largest trees in the world, but it is also the largest pond cypress in the |
United States. 7. Alerce – 3, 500 Visitors who want to see the Alerce Tree have been enjoying their trek on the way to the actual location where you could have an actual glance of the oldest tree in Chile. In fact, it’s considered a miracle because the land where |
the tree is found has been untouched for the last 3,500 years which has preserved the natural surroundings from any attempt of modern development. It has maintained its natural color green, and its bark chestnut color. The wood of the tree is impermeable, reddish, soft, and light. Among other similar |
trees living, were utilized to build houses, aircrafts, and overseas boats based on the history since the wood of Alerce tree never gets rotten. Moreover, information about Alerce tree that it only grows every 15 years, and the fact, that this specific tree has been in existence for 3,500 years |
is indeed a miracle. 6. Elia Bouybon, Olive Tree of Vouves – 3500-4000 years This tree has been canonically included in most of the scriptural accounts in the New Testament part of the Bible as to the ministry, and parables shared by the great Rabbi in the world. In fact, |
this is the oldest olive tree living in the world. According to the scientist of the University of Crete that it is 15 thick from the base, and it approximately exists for about 3,500 to 4,000 years old. There are 20,000 visitors of the tree which is located in Ano |
Vouves in Crete. In fact, would you believe that it still produces olive fruits despite of its age? It’s known for its hardwood, and a fire-resistant character. This is one of the reasons why it has maintained growing and living even up until this era because of its natural strength |
that does not need any fortification after all these years. 5. Llangernyw Yew – 4,000 It is also known Taxus Baccata which is found in the village of Llangernyw in the North Wales, and its approximate age is actually between 4,000 to 5,000 years old. It’s a belief that it |
has been living since Prehistoric Bronze Age. In fact, despite of the observations that some of it leaves are falling-off already, but it’s still growing, thriving, and becoming healthier despite of its age. In fact, it was declared as part of the 50 Great British Trees by Queen Elizabeth II |
since it’s included in National Heritage of the country. Another unique characteristic of the tree is its three main trunks that actually split-off in dissimilar directions which becomes one of the unique feature that visitors look upon. 4. Sarv-e-Abarkooh – 4,000 This is one of the unique tourist attractions in |
Iran aside from the spiritual realms and beliefs that people have to this tree. They have a high respect to the tree since its record of existence is about 4,000 years already. It becomes a part of their culture, history, and has symbolic meaning to their life. It is highly |
protected and preserved by the Cultural Heritage Organization of Iran which becomes monumental to their citizens. It stands 25 meters while its circumference is about 18 meters. It is also known as Zoroastrian Sarv which is exactly located in Abarkuh in Yazd, Iran. In fact, it is the oldest living |
thing in the continent of Asia. 3. Methuselah – 4843 years old Methuselah in the bible is the oldest people, who have ever lived in the world, and in a literal manner, it is also one of the oldest trees in the world, and it ranked number 3. This is |
actually a bristle-pine cone which is also known as Methuselah which actually stands on Methuselah Alley in Nevada. In fact, near its area, you could also find the second oldest tree in the world which is the Prometheus tree. The exact location of thee tree has not been revealed because |
of the Vandalism Acts that aim to protect the tree. Its approximate age is in between 4844 and 4845 years old. It actually grows 9,500 to 9800 feet or 2,900 to 3,00m. The approximate age was done through the sample given by Tom Harlan and Edmund Schulman. 2. Prometheus – |
5,000 years Nevada According to history Prometheus has lived 5,000 years after its demise in 1964 after a foolish permission given to Donald Currey who was a graduating student during that time for scientific research, although he had discovered that its actually oldest that everyone was thinking during that time. |
Like Methuselah, it was growing in Nevada, and it’s one of the tourist spots in the area, but because of the wrong decisions and research, this generation would never be able to see, and even touch the tree. 1. Sunland Baobab – 6,000 years This is the oldest tree in |
the world that exists for about 6,000 years in the Northern Province of South Africa. It is a kind of Baobab which is very popular in South Africa, and in fact it’s the largest baobab in the country. It is also called as Mooketsi Baobab, Platland Baobab, Big Baobab, Pub |
Tree, and Tree Bar. It is specifically located in Sunland Farm in Limpopo Province. It became popular because of its hollowed trunk, and a wine cellar built inside. Moreover, there were fragments of carbon that seem to believe that there were series of fires that happened from in 1650 AD |
and last in 1990. It has biggest surreal branches, quaint little pub, and of course unique flowers. Its height stands about 22 meters, and a circumference of 47 meters. The establishment of pub inside the tree began in 1933 and it even appeared or featured as the front page of |
the renowned Wall Street Journal. Like any other old trees on this list, there are also different myths and stories concocted by people through ages that have been passed on to this generation. |
Tornadoes on November 24, 2001 The following statistics and definitions are derived from the Storm Prediction Center (SPC) historical tornado archive. The Tornado History Project can not guarantee the accuracy of the underlying data within the SPC historical tornado archive. However, the data as presented here is guaranteed to match |
the SPC data, except where noted. Some definitions will not be given since they are obvious (i.e. "Date", "Time", etc...) Special Note: This site uses a unique index number to identify each tornado. This index number is not a part of the official historical tornado archive. E (Error) (tornado search |
table only) - A yellow box indicates that the tornado record contains a suspected error. A red box indicates that the tornado record contains an error and has been modified from the official source. Hover over the box for the error text. Map/Forum (tornado search table only) - Clickable icons |
for further content related to a tornado. State - The state or states affected by a tornado. Fujita - The Fujita scale is an attempt to classify damage from a tornado. F0 being the least damaging, F5 the most. For 2007 and beyond, the Enhanced Fujita (EF) is given. Fat. |
- The number of fatalities attributed to the tornado. Inj. - The number of injuries attributed to the tornado. Width - Width in yards. It is unclear if this indicates a maximum width or mean width. Length - Length of tornado path in miles. Note the entire track length is |
not necessarily all on the ground (some tornadoes "hop and skip".) Damage - Prior to 1996, this is a range by dollar amount. For 1996 and later, actual damage estimates are in millions. Crop Loss - Added in 2007. Given in millions of dollars. Lat/Lon - Contains two sets of |
coordinates: - Touchdown Latitude/Longitude - For single state tornadoes, and the overall record for multi-state tornadoes, the approximate touchdown location in decimal degrees. For the state specific records of multi-state tornadoes, entry point into the state in decimal degrees. - Liftoff Latitude/Longitude - For single state tornadoes, and the overall |
record for multi-state tornadoes, the approximate liftoff location in decimal degrees. For the state specific records of multi-state tornadoes, the exit or lift-off point from the state in decimal degrees. St. #. - The state tornado number assigned to the tornado for that specific state for that specific year. Generally, |
state tornado numbers were assigned in the order the tornado occurred, but that is not always the case. SPC # - The tornado number as assigned by the SPC. Tornado numbers are not unique and reset each year. Generally, tornado numbers were assigned in the order the tornado occurred, but |
Read Spanish Language and Culture Articles Transparent Language has assembled this collection of articles on a variety of interesting topics to benefit the Spanish learners who visit our site. Each article is written in Spanish and accompanied by its English |
translation, so you that can use these resources as a fun way to practice reading Spanish. As you explore the subject of each article, you'll also be building your Spanish vocabulary, learning Spanish grammar, and reviewing the Spanish alphabet. Click |
on the article of your choice below. Spanish Article Topics:Barcelona Celebrating the Spirits' Return Art and Literature Events - April 2000 Slang and Idioms Food and Wine Education and Government Events - June 1999 Events - March 1999 Language Learning |
Tip: You can print any of these Spanish language articles to continue your Spanish language learning when you are away from the computer! Just make sure that your printer orientation setting is set to "landscape" to ensure that all the |
IVANHOE, TEXAS. Ivanhoe is ten miles north of Bonham in north central Fannin County. W. A. Carter's History of Fannin County, Texas (1885) reports that one could reach Ivanhoe by way of Island Bayou Road. The town was originally named Hawkins' Prairie after Strother Hawkins, a pioneer who settled there in 1845. In 1885 Capt. Joe Dupree, a Confederate veteran, |
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