text stringlengths 59 1.12k |
|---|
heard in the room, the volume is unsafe (listen up teens and young adults!). People who have jobs in noisy environments, such as airports or factories, should be screened by an audiologist at the start of the job and then every year thereafter. If you experience dizziness or tinnitus (ringing in the ears) see a hearing professional immediately. If you suspect hearing loss, dont |
Good news if you are nuts about almonds. According to the findings of a new study by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), they may have fewer calories than thought. And they are not the only food type that |
could be less fattening than assumed. In fact, there is a growing belief among nutritionists and healthy-eating experts that when it comes to counting calories, we may have to redo our sums – and rethink our food choices. The latest |
thinking suggests that the texture of the food, its fibre content, and how it is cooked can all affect the amount of energy the body is able to get from it. Even the process of chewing food uses up energy |
and, therefore, burns calories. This was clearly shown in the research on almonds. Rather than using the standard way of measuring calories, the study, published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, used an advanced method to determine how many |
calories were absorbed during digestion of the nuts. And the difference was a substantial 20 per cent less than listed on nutritional labels. What's more, by eating almonds in place of certain other foods, they could contribute to weight loss. |
"When an 84g serving of almonds was incorporated into the diet daily, the energy digestibility of the diet as a whole decreased by five per cent," says research physiologist David Baer, who headed the study. "Therefore, for individuals with energy |
intakes of between 2,000 and 3,000 calories a day, incorporation of 84g of almonds into the diet daily in exchange for highly digestible foods would result in more than a pound of weight loss per month." The same research team |
has also looked at pistachios and has already discovered that their calorie count is five per cent lower than previously estimated. Respected nutritional biochemist Dr Geoff Livesey, an expert in the way our bodies use calories, is particularly excited by |
the findings. "The Baer calorie study is an example of how a healthy, nutrient-dense food like almonds has 20 per cent fewer calories than previously thought," he says. "I hope we see further research in the coming years to investigate |
more foods, in the context of a mixed diet, and their genuine caloric values." In the meantime the simple rule for anyone keen to follow a healthier diet is opt for fibre-rich whole foods that not only take longer to |
Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) begins between the fourth and sixth week of pregnancy. Symptoms usually improve somewhat by the 15th to 20th week of gestation, although some women continue to have |
frequent relapses throughout pregnancy. Most affected women have numerous episodes of vomiting throughout the day with few if any symptom-free periods, especially during the first three to four months. This |
leads to significant and rapid weight loss, dehydration, electrolyte disturbances, and nutritional deficiencies often requiring hospitalization. If prolonged or more severe and not treated promptly, these can lead to kidney |
or liver damage. Numerous complications, some of which can be life-threatening are possible without adequate medical intervention. These women present to their medical providers with weight loss of five to |
20+ pounds; however, since some are overweight to begin with, they may not appear malnourished. This is especially true as the pregnancy progresses. Early medical care may decrease severity of |
a woman's symptoms and lead to quicker recovery. - Signs & Symptoms of a woman progressing into HG - Laboratory Findings to look for in patient lab tests - Risk |
Congress had accused Nixon of obstruction of justice during the investigation of the Watergate scandal, which began in 1972. White House tape recordings revealed that Nixon knew about and possibly authorized the illegal break-in and wiretapping of the Democratic National Committee offices, located in the Watergate Hotel in Washington D.C. Rather than face impeachment and removal from office, Nixon chose |
to resign on August 8, 1974. There were no historical or legal precedents to guide Ford in the matter of Nixon's pending indictment. In the end, he decided to give Nixon a full pardon for all offenses against the United States in order to put the tragic and disruptive scandal behind all concerned. Ford justified this decision by claiming that |
a long, drawn-out trial would only have further polarized the public. Ford's decision to pardon Nixon was condemned by many and is thought to have contributed to Ford's failure to win the 1976 election. From his home in California, Nixon responded to Ford's pardon, saying he had gained a different perspective on the Watergate affair since his resignation. He admitted |
that he was "wrong in not acting more decisively and more forthrightly in dealing with Watergate, particularly when it reached the stage of judicial proceedings and grew from a political scandal into a national tragedy." |
< Browse to Previous Essay | Browse to Next Essay > HistoryLink.org Essay 7349 : Printer-Friendly Format Longacres racetrack was founded by Seattle real estate magnates Joseph Gottstein (1891-1971) and |
William Edris and designed by B. Marcus Priteca. It opened in Renton on August 3, 1933. The track was later overseen by Gottstein's son-in-law Morris Alhadeff and still later by |
Alhadeff's sons Michael and Kenneth. Noted for its beauty, for its fast-track surface (Green River sandy loam with a hard clay base), for the annual Longacres Mile race, and for |
Morris Alhadeff's collection of equine art by Northwest painters, by the time the track closed on September 21, 1992, it had become the oldest continually operating thoroughbred racetrack on the |
West Coast. A Boy and His Horse During Joseph Gottstein's youth, his father, Washington pioneer, liquor wholesaler, and real estate magnate Meyer Gottstein, owned a racing stable and was one |
of the shareholders at Seattle's first racetrack, The Meadows (located on what is now the south end of Boeing Field). Joe was given his first thoroughbred horse, Prince Liege, at |
age eight and promptly lost his heart to the Sport of Kings. However, the Washington State Legislature banned gambling in January 1909, and loss of gambling revenue quickly resulted in |
the demise of The Meadows. Joseph Gottstein attended Brown University, then returned to Seattle and began buying and selling downtown real estate. One of his business associates was William Edris, |
who later ran The Olympic Hotel. Both men loved horse racing, all but non-existent in Washington since the 1909 gambling ban. Wealthy, well connected, and determined, Gottstein and Edris set |
out to revive the sport. From 1922 on they lobbied to bring thoroughbred racing back to Washington. The economic effects of the 1929 stock market crash and subsequent Great Depression, |
along with the support of then State Representative Warren Magnuson, aided their efforts. Washington Puts its Money on the Horses On behalf of Edris and Gottstein, Representative Joseph B. Roberts |
of King County introduced House Bill 59 legalizing pari-mutuel betting on horse races. (Pari-mutuel betting is a system whereby the winners divide the total amount bet, after deducting management expenses, |
in proportion to the sums they have wagered individually.) On February 20, 1933, the Washington House passed House Bill 59. On February 23 the bill passed the Senate and on |
March 13, 1933, Governor Clarence Martin signed the bill into law. Section 9 of the bill stipulated that 5 percent of the gross handle (the amount of money wagered) be |
collected as a tax, and that 80 percent of this tax would support the old age pension fund in the state treasury. The track also paid the state a $100 |
per day licensure fee. Passage of the measure opened the way for the foundation of the horse breeding and racing industries in Washington. On the Fast Track On June 20, |
1933, the Washington Jockey Club, founded by Gottstein, Edris, architect B. Marcus Priteca (1889-1971), Dr. Richard O'Shea, Howard Lang, and M. Ross Downs, was issued a permit to own and |
operate a one-mile track. They took a 10-year lease on James Nelson's 107-acre dairy farm at Renton Junction in the Green River Valley. Gottstein hired Priteca, designer of his Coliseum |
Theater and of the Bikur Cholim Synagogue (now the Langston Hughes Cultural Arts Center) to design the racetrack, giving him one month. A crew of 3,000 worked around the clock. |
Gottstein and Edris mortgaged properties and Gottstein took out an $85,000 personal loan to finance construction. Five months after House Bill 59 passed and 28 days after Priteca picked up |
his pencil, Longacres racetrack -- racing strip, red and silver grandstand, clubhouse, 33 barns, a judges' stand, and pari-mutuel windows -- was completed. It was the first track on the |
Pacific Coast to successfully operate under the pari-mutuel system of betting. The first race meet lasted 40 days. Although the legalization of pari-mutuel gambling was controversial both locally and nationally, |
many Pacific Northwest residents were more than ready to play the ponies. According to the Seattle Post-Intelligencer, the track boasted "the last word in racing equipment, the Bahr starting gate, |
which keeps each horse in a separate stall" (August 2, 1933, p. 5). Eight races were scheduled, including an inaugural handicap of six furlongs for three-year-olds and upwards. The purse |
for this race was $1,000. The Seattle Post-Intelligencer hired Joe Hernandez, described by the paper as "an internationally-known turf-writer," to write stories and handicap during the Longacres season (August 3, |
1933). The paper ran a photograph of a broadly grinning Joe Gottstein over the caption, "He Brought The Ponies Back Here." High-profile race fans from throughout the state gathered to |
watch Vetsera, under jockey Herbert "Little Nell" Simmons, win the track's first race. Groomed and Very Green Longacres patrons enjoyed a full view of Mt. Rainier. Gottstein planted Lombardy poplars |
around the track. Groomed and green, Longacres was planned to evoke comparison to Longchamps racetrack in the Bois de Boulogne outside Paris. The name Longacres paid tribute to Longchamps, which |
means long fields. The track's soil composition, fine alluvial glacial till over clay, made it a fast track. The racing surface was flooded almost every spring until 1962 when completion |
of the Howard A. Hanson Dam stemmed overflow on the Green River. The racetrack was an escape and diversion during the Great Depression, and generated much needed tax revenue for |
the state. On August 24, 1935 Gottstein instituted the Longacres Mile with a $10,000 purse, the richest purse in the country for a one-mile race. In 1945 the purse was |
raised to $20,000. By 1985 it was $150,000, and by 1992 it was $250,000. The race was once around the track. It attracted the country's top jockeys and horses and |
generated copious publicity. So powerful was the mystique of the Longacres Mile that both attendance and betting records were routinely set on Mile Day, most significantly in 1981 when a |
record crowd of 25,031 (exceeded only on the track's final day) watched jockey Gary Baze ride Trooper Seven to victory. The record handle for the day was $2,770,179. Early on, |
Gottstein sold the Coliseum for money to keep the track running.Many of Gottstein's real estate colleagues bought stock in Longacres to help the track survive the early years. But in |
1937, William Edris pulled his money out of the track, encouraging Gottstein to do the same. During the track's initial years, thoroughbred horse breeding in Washington was confined to only |
a handful of stables, most notably that of the Drumheller family of Walla Walla. This forced Longacres to rely on thoroughbreds from outside the state. In 1940 Gottstein founded the |
Washington Horse Breeder's Association. The yearly Washington Futurity (later the Gottstein Futurity), open only to Washington-foaled horses, also boosted the Washington horse breeding industry. In 1940 the track installed a |
new invention: electronically operated starting gates. At the outset of World War II, ostensibly due to the potential waste of rationed gasoline and car tires race fans would use getting |
to the track, Governor Arthur Langley asked Gottstein to cancel the 1942 racing season. Gottstein refused, and demonstrated his support for the war effort by donating three days' worth of |
the pari-mutuel handle to the Red Cross, the Army Relief Fund, and the Navy Relief Fund. The Washington Horse Racing Commission, appointed by the Governor, denied the Washington Jockey Club's |
request for a 1943 season. The track did not open, and 1943 was the only year without a season during Longacre's history. The U.S. Army placed anti-aircraft guns at Longacres |
to protect the camouflaged Boeing factory next door. Enlisted men's tents covered the infield and barracks were constructed behind the tote board. When the track was granted a license for |
the 1944 season and reopened on June 24, 1944, for a 51-day meet, war workers flooded in for rest and relaxation between factory shifts. Many workers were flush with cash |
for the first time in more than a decade. Sugar, meat, women's stockings, and many other tempting items were rationed, but betting was not. Three weeks worth of the 1944 |
handle was donated to the Washington Veterans of Foreign Wars. A New Generation In 1942 Joe Goldstein's only child, Joan (1920-1996), married radio announcer Morris Alhadeff, known on the air |
as Jerry Morris. In 1947, at Gottstein's urging, Alhadeff joined the staff at Longacres. When Joe Gottstein officially retired in 1963, Alhadeff assumed management duties. Upon Gottstein's death on January |
1, 1971, Alhadeff became president of Longacres. During the 1950s, Longacres led the racing industry in efforts to self-police to prevent fraud. Horses were subjected to urinalysis. In 1952 Longacres |
became one of the first tracks in the nation to use film patrol. Film patrol allowed judges to review races in order to ensure that jockeys did not engage in |
illegal rough riding. In 1971 Alhadeff installed a state-of-the-art television center at the track's finish line. The Seattle Post-Intelligencer reported, "Equipment, which includes nine cameras (covering the backstretch, the homestretch, |
a panoramic view of the racing area, the tote board, the paddock, and the studio), plus some 65 closed-circuit monitors and control panels ... is worth an estimated $100,000 and |
is leased from Criterion Films in Seattle. Stewards are now able to view instant reruns of the race, complete with stop-action, slow-motion, and backup, long before the horses return to |
the winner's circle ... previously, the stewards had to wait for film to be collected from three points around the track, then processed, at least an eight-minute delay before the |
winner is certified and valid tickets cashed" (August 15, 1971, p. 48). Over the years, the building facilities were improved, first under B. Marcus Priteca's continuing direction and after his |
death in 1971 by his former associate Richard McCann. In 1972, Longacres underwent a large expansion that increased the Club House by 20,000 square feet, adding a number of separate |
lounges served by closed circuit television. In 1974, the open-air, six-tiered Gazebo featuring 2,500 seats was added. In 1978 the Paddock Club opened, offering reserved seating for 1,200. In 1982 |
the track added a 1,500-seat North Grandstand Terrace. In 1984 the North Grandstand was built behind the Gazebo, adding 900 seats, more eating areas, and additional betting windows. On May |
18, 1973, Longacres introduced so-called exotic wagering with $5 Exacta betting. Exotic betting is any wager that is not a straight bet. Further exotic betting options such as trifectas (picking |
the top six finishers of a race in the exact order), daily doubles (picking the winners of two specific races), and Pick Six (choosing the winners of six consecutive races) |
soon followed. Payoffs from these exotic races are higher than straight wagers. By 1981, nearly 10,000 fans attended Longacres each day during racing season. By 1983 these fans were wagering |
a daily average of $1.238 million. In 1981 Longacres installed the Autotrack Cash/Sell System, a computerized wagering system. Computerized betting meant that betters could buy or cash tickets at any |
window, wager in advance throughout the day, and place bets nonverbally by filling in a betting slip. Morrie Alhadeff called the automated betting system "the most exciting single innovation ever |
presented to racing fans in all the years I've been here" (Seattle Post-Intelligencer, April 5, 1981). Art and Technology In 1976 Morrie Alhadeff, long a collector of horse-related art, invited |
painter Kenneth Callahan (1905-1986) to watch morning workouts at the track. Callahan sketched the horses, later producing two series of gouache and oil paintings from the sketches. Alhadeff hung the |
paintings in a private dining room in the Turf Club, the Longacres clubhouse. Other equine art hung throughout the facility. On July 8 and 9, 1977, undefeated Triple Crown winner |
Seattle Slew appeared at Longacres for a noncompetitive showing. The Triple Crown races consist of the Kentucky Derby, the Preakness Stakes, and the Belmont Stakes. For the first time in |
the track's history, Longacres sold advance tickets for a regular racing day. Admission prices (usually $3.50 for the best seating during the 1977 season) were $5.00 a head. The event |
raised funds for human medical research at the University of Washington and for horse medical research at Washington State University. Seattle Slew was bred in Kentucky and never raced at |
Longacres, but his co-owners Karen and Mickey Taylor were Washingtonians (from White Swan, on the Yakama Reservation). Washington instituted a state lottery in 1984, diverting some of the public's betting |
dollars away from Longacres. The state's slumping economy and the growth of the professional sporting industry within the state also siphoned dollars away from the track. On April 2, 1986, |
in response to the fact that increasingly fewer race fans were free to come to the track during the weekdays, Longacres installed lights on the track and instituted night racing. |
On June 8, 1988, the first satellite-wagering facility in the state opened at Bellingham, enabling race fans to place bets without being physically present at the track. Another such facility |
at Yakima Meadows opened soon thereafter. On November 23, 1988, Morrie Alhadeff was named Chairman of the Board of Longacres. His sons Michael and Kenneth Alhadeff became, respectively, track president |
and executive vice president. Summing up the track's all-time luminaries, The Seattle Post-Intelligencer reported that Longacres top jockeys included Gary Baze, Gary Boulanger, Gary Stevens, Vicky Aragon, Lennie Knowles, and |
Larry Pierce. Glen Williams, Ben Harris, Tom Roberts, Wayne Branch, Kathy Walsh, and Bud Klokstad were top trainers. The track's top Washington-bred horses were Grey Papa, Hank H., Trooper Seven, |
Chinook Pass, Turbulator, Captain Condo, and Belle of Rainier ("Looking Back," September 17, 1992). On September 27, 1990 the Alhadeff family announced sale of the Longacres property to Boeing. Boeing |
permitted the non-profit Emerald Racing Association to operate the track, renamed Longacres Park, rent-free for two more seasons. Their Final Thunder Valley Daily News reporter Eric Lucas described the track |
in its final days: "Longacres has more nooks and crannies than a medieval castle, a wilderness of seating areas, bars, lounges, cafes, restaurants, cupolas, boxes and bleachers added helter-skelter over |
the years. In each little nook, clumps of race-lovers huddle beneath omnipresent Orwellian TV screens which display the odds and, near race time, the action on the track" (September 20, |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.