task
stringlengths
37
71
input
stringlengths
0
2.6k
output
stringlengths
1
4.09k
options
list
pageTitle
stringlengths
25
141
outputColName
stringlengths
1
1.03k
url
stringlengths
41
153
wdcFile
stringlengths
71
73
723583ef_r_System_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] the time it takes to orbit the sun [1]
sidereal period
[]
Sun and Solar System Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/sun-and-solar-system-506636
8/1438043060830.93_20150728002420-00312-ip-10-236-191-2_386835259_0.json
723583ef_r_System_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] the time between alignments [1]
synodic period
[]
Sun and Solar System Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/sun-and-solar-system-506636
8/1438043060830.93_20150728002420-00312-ip-10-236-191-2_386835259_0.json
39425054_e_System_Flashcards___Cram_com__at_does_the_Hepatic_System_do_
inferior mesenteric vein splenic vein superior mesenteric vein
what are the three veins that connect to form the hepatic portal vein
[]
Digestive System Flashcards - Cram.com
what does the Hepatic System do?
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/digestive-system-1492961
8/1438043060830.93_20150728002420-00098-ip-10-236-191-2_383087920_0.json
39425054_e_System_Flashcards___Cram_com__at_does_the_Hepatic_System_do_
collects blood from liver and return it to the liver then the inferior vena cava
what does the hepatic vein do
[]
Digestive System Flashcards - Cram.com
what does the Hepatic System do?
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/digestive-system-1492961
8/1438043060830.93_20150728002420-00098-ip-10-236-191-2_383087920_0.json
39425054_e_System_Flashcards___Cram_com__at_does_the_Hepatic_System_do_
draining the distal part of the colon
what does the inferior mesenteric vein do
[]
Digestive System Flashcards - Cram.com
what does the Hepatic System do?
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/digestive-system-1492961
8/1438043060830.93_20150728002420-00098-ip-10-236-191-2_383087920_0.json
39425054_e_System_Flashcards___Cram_com__at_does_the_Hepatic_System_do_
drain the spleen, pancreas and stomach
what does the splenic vein do
[]
Digestive System Flashcards - Cram.com
what does the Hepatic System do?
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/digestive-system-1492961
8/1438043060830.93_20150728002420-00098-ip-10-236-191-2_383087920_0.json
39425054_e_System_Flashcards___Cram_com__at_does_the_Hepatic_System_do_
drain blood from the small intestines, proximal part of colon, pancreas and stomach
what does the superior mesenteric vein do
[]
Digestive System Flashcards - Cram.com
what does the Hepatic System do?
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/digestive-system-1492961
8/1438043060830.93_20150728002420-00098-ip-10-236-191-2_383087920_0.json
39425054_e_System_Flashcards___Cram_com__at_does_the_Hepatic_System_do_
Ascending Aorta Brachiocephalic Subclavian Axillary Brachial Radial and Ulnar
Name the arteries in the upper limb from the heart to the hand
[]
Digestive System Flashcards - Cram.com
what does the Hepatic System do?
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/digestive-system-1492961
8/1438043060830.93_20150728002420-00098-ip-10-236-191-2_383087920_0.json
39425054_e_System_Flashcards___Cram_com__at_does_the_Hepatic_System_do_
Blood Capillaries Interstitial Fluid Lymph Capullaries Lymph Veins Lymph Ducts Large Circ. Veins
Lymphatic Motion and Pressure Gradient: Highest-to-Lowest Pressure
[]
Digestive System Flashcards - Cram.com
what does the Hepatic System do?
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/digestive-system-1492961
8/1438043060830.93_20150728002420-00098-ip-10-236-191-2_383087920_0.json
39425054_e_System_Flashcards___Cram_com__at_does_the_Hepatic_System_do_
Bolus
Chewed Food+Saliva=
[]
Digestive System Flashcards - Cram.com
what does the Hepatic System do?
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/digestive-system-1492961
8/1438043060830.93_20150728002420-00098-ip-10-236-191-2_383087920_0.json
39425054_e_System_Flashcards___Cram_com__at_does_the_Hepatic_System_do_
Oral Cavity Pharynx Esophagus Stomach Small Intestine Large Intestine
What makes up the GI Tract
[]
Digestive System Flashcards - Cram.com
what does the Hepatic System do?
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/digestive-system-1492961
8/1438043060830.93_20150728002420-00098-ip-10-236-191-2_383087920_0.json
39425054_e_System_Flashcards___Cram_com__at_does_the_Hepatic_System_do_
Teeth Tongue Salivary Glands Liver Gall Bladder Pancreas
what makes up the Accessory Digestive Organs
[]
Digestive System Flashcards - Cram.com
what does the Hepatic System do?
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/digestive-system-1492961
8/1438043060830.93_20150728002420-00098-ip-10-236-191-2_383087920_0.json
39425054_e_System_Flashcards___Cram_com__at_does_the_Hepatic_System_do_
Vestibule-between cheeks/lips and gums Oral Cavity Proper-central to the alveolar processes of the mandible and maxillae
What two regions make up the oral cavity and where are they
[]
Digestive System Flashcards - Cram.com
what does the Hepatic System do?
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/digestive-system-1492961
8/1438043060830.93_20150728002420-00098-ip-10-236-191-2_383087920_0.json
39425054_e_System_Flashcards___Cram_com__at_does_the_Hepatic_System_do_
hard palate-palatine processes of the maxillae and the horiz. plates of the palatine bone soft palate-skeletal muscle
what divides the nasal cavity from the oral cavity
[]
Digestive System Flashcards - Cram.com
what does the Hepatic System do?
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/digestive-system-1492961
8/1438043060830.93_20150728002420-00098-ip-10-236-191-2_383087920_0.json
39425054_e_System_Flashcards___Cram_com__at_does_the_Hepatic_System_do_
inferior part of the soft palate a conical median projection closes of the nasal cavity when swallowing
what is the uvula
[]
Digestive System Flashcards - Cram.com
what does the Hepatic System do?
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/digestive-system-1492961
8/1438043060830.93_20150728002420-00098-ip-10-236-191-2_383087920_0.json
39425054_e_System_Flashcards___Cram_com__at_does_the_Hepatic_System_do_
Palatine Tonsils between the glossopalatine and pharyngopalatine arches
what are the first lines of defense. monitors ingested food for antigens
[]
Digestive System Flashcards - Cram.com
what does the Hepatic System do?
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/digestive-system-1492961
8/1438043060830.93_20150728002420-00098-ip-10-236-191-2_383087920_0.json
39425054_e_System_Flashcards___Cram_com__at_does_the_Hepatic_System_do_
Parotid Salivary- Largest (25-30%) Submandibular- Most Active (60-70%) Sublingual- 3-5%
Three Glands associated with the oral cavity
[]
Digestive System Flashcards - Cram.com
what does the Hepatic System do?
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/digestive-system-1492961
8/1438043060830.93_20150728002420-00098-ip-10-236-191-2_383087920_0.json
39425054_e_System_Flashcards___Cram_com__at_does_the_Hepatic_System_do_
Parotid and duct- Glossopharyngeal CNIX Submandibular and duct- Sublingual and duct- Facial CN VII
Cranial Nerve Innervate the Three Glands
[]
Digestive System Flashcards - Cram.com
what does the Hepatic System do?
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/digestive-system-1492961
8/1438043060830.93_20150728002420-00098-ip-10-236-191-2_383087920_0.json
39425054_e_System_Flashcards___Cram_com__at_does_the_Hepatic_System_do_
infection of the Parotid Glands
Sjogen Syndrome
[]
Digestive System Flashcards - Cram.com
what does the Hepatic System do?
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/digestive-system-1492961
8/1438043060830.93_20150728002420-00098-ip-10-236-191-2_383087920_0.json
39425054_e_System_Flashcards___Cram_com__at_does_the_Hepatic_System_do_
Portal Vein Bile Duct Hepatic Artery Enclosed by Lesser Omentum
what is the Portal Triad and what encloses it
[]
Digestive System Flashcards - Cram.com
what does the Hepatic System do?
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/digestive-system-1492961
8/1438043060830.93_20150728002420-00098-ip-10-236-191-2_383087920_0.json
39425054_e_System_Flashcards___Cram_com__at_does_the_Hepatic_System_do_
parietal peritoneum
what lines the inside surface of the body wall
[]
Digestive System Flashcards - Cram.com
what does the Hepatic System do?
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/digestive-system-1492961
8/1438043060830.93_20150728002420-00098-ip-10-236-191-2_383087920_0.json
39425054_e_System_Flashcards___Cram_com__at_does_the_Hepatic_System_do_
visceral peritoneum
what lines the surface of the internal organs
[]
Digestive System Flashcards - Cram.com
what does the Hepatic System do?
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/digestive-system-1492961
8/1438043060830.93_20150728002420-00098-ip-10-236-191-2_383087920_0.json
39425054_e_System_Flashcards___Cram_com__at_does_the_Hepatic_System_do_
intraperitoneal organs: stomach, part of duodenum, jejunum, ilium, cecum, appendix, tranverse and sigmoid colon
what are organs completely covered by visceral peritoneum called and what are they
[]
Digestive System Flashcards - Cram.com
what does the Hepatic System do?
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/digestive-system-1492961
8/1438043060830.93_20150728002420-00098-ip-10-236-191-2_383087920_0.json
39425054_e_System_Flashcards___Cram_com__at_does_the_Hepatic_System_do_
organs that lie on the posterior end of the ab wall, only anteriolateral portion is covered with visceral peritoneum
explain retroperitoneal organs
[]
Digestive System Flashcards - Cram.com
what does the Hepatic System do?
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/digestive-system-1492961
8/1438043060830.93_20150728002420-00098-ip-10-236-191-2_383087920_0.json
39425054_e_System_Flashcards___Cram_com__at_does_the_Hepatic_System_do_
Kidneys Ureters Adrenals duodenum, pancreas ascending and descending colon rectum
what are the retroperitoneal organs
[]
Digestive System Flashcards - Cram.com
what does the Hepatic System do?
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/digestive-system-1492961
8/1438043060830.93_20150728002420-00098-ip-10-236-191-2_383087920_0.json
39425054_e_System_Flashcards___Cram_com__at_does_the_Hepatic_System_do_
posterior to trachea
where is the esophagus
[]
Digestive System Flashcards - Cram.com
what does the Hepatic System do?
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/digestive-system-1492961
8/1438043060830.93_20150728002420-00098-ip-10-236-191-2_383087920_0.json
39425054_e_System_Flashcards___Cram_com__at_does_the_Hepatic_System_do_
Superior esophageal sphincter (pharyngealesophageal)
Inhibits airflow into the esophagus
[]
Digestive System Flashcards - Cram.com
what does the Hepatic System do?
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/digestive-system-1492961
8/1438043060830.93_20150728002420-00098-ip-10-236-191-2_383087920_0.json
39425054_e_System_Flashcards___Cram_com__at_does_the_Hepatic_System_do_
Inferior esophageal sphincter Failure=GARD
Inhibits gastric content backflow
[]
Digestive System Flashcards - Cram.com
what does the Hepatic System do?
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/digestive-system-1492961
8/1438043060830.93_20150728002420-00098-ip-10-236-191-2_383087920_0.json
39425054_e_System_Flashcards___Cram_com__at_does_the_Hepatic_System_do_
a flap that closes the trachea when swallowing food, preventing food from going into the trachea
what is the epiglottis
[]
Digestive System Flashcards - Cram.com
what does the Hepatic System do?
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/digestive-system-1492961
8/1438043060830.93_20150728002420-00098-ip-10-236-191-2_383087920_0.json
39425054_e_System_Flashcards___Cram_com__at_does_the_Hepatic_System_do_
pylorus-the narrow end of the stomach pyloric sphincter-the valve pyloric orifice- the opening
what is the pylorus, pyloric sphincter, pyloric orifice
[]
Digestive System Flashcards - Cram.com
what does the Hepatic System do?
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/digestive-system-1492961
8/1438043060830.93_20150728002420-00098-ip-10-236-191-2_383087920_0.json
39425054_e_System_Flashcards___Cram_com__at_does_the_Hepatic_System_do_
circular folds more prominent in duodenum and jejunum than ileum
what increases the surface area of the small intestine
[]
Digestive System Flashcards - Cram.com
what does the Hepatic System do?
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/digestive-system-1492961
8/1438043060830.93_20150728002420-00098-ip-10-236-191-2_383087920_0.json
39425054_e_System_Flashcards___Cram_com__at_does_the_Hepatic_System_do_
ileocecal valve cecum (vermiform appendix) Ascending colon hepatic flexure transverse colon splenic flexure descending colon sigmoid flexure sigmoid colon rectum anal canal
name all the parts of the large intestine from the ileocecal valve to the anal canal
[]
Digestive System Flashcards - Cram.com
what does the Hepatic System do?
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/digestive-system-1492961
8/1438043060830.93_20150728002420-00098-ip-10-236-191-2_383087920_0.json
39425054_e_System_Flashcards___Cram_com__at_does_the_Hepatic_System_do_
most cases involve obstruction of appendix by fecal matter
what causes appendicitis
[]
Digestive System Flashcards - Cram.com
what does the Hepatic System do?
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/digestive-system-1492961
8/1438043060830.93_20150728002420-00098-ip-10-236-191-2_383087920_0.json
39425054_e_System_Flashcards___Cram_com__at_does_the_Hepatic_System_do_
second most common cancer in the US. most common at descending colon, rectum, and sigmoid colon. because most time occupied by feces
colorectal cancer
[]
Digestive System Flashcards - Cram.com
what does the Hepatic System do?
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/digestive-system-1492961
8/1438043060830.93_20150728002420-00098-ip-10-236-191-2_383087920_0.json
39425054_e_System_Flashcards___Cram_com__at_does_the_Hepatic_System_do_
Hepatocytes produce bile to break down fats via chemical digestion Store vitamins and nutrients Synthesized blood plasma
functions of Liver
[]
Digestive System Flashcards - Cram.com
what does the Hepatic System do?
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/digestive-system-1492961
8/1438043060830.93_20150728002420-00098-ip-10-236-191-2_383087920_0.json
39425054_e_System_Flashcards___Cram_com__at_does_the_Hepatic_System_do_
stores bile produced by the liver cystic duct connects the GB to the common bile duct
functions of gallbladder
[]
Digestive System Flashcards - Cram.com
what does the Hepatic System do?
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/digestive-system-1492961
8/1438043060830.93_20150728002420-00098-ip-10-236-191-2_383087920_0.json
39425054_e_System_Flashcards___Cram_com__at_does_the_Hepatic_System_do_
Gall Bladder
Right Lobe of Liver Quadrate is adjacent to...
[]
Digestive System Flashcards - Cram.com
what does the Hepatic System do?
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/digestive-system-1492961
8/1438043060830.93_20150728002420-00098-ip-10-236-191-2_383087920_0.json
39425054_e_System_Flashcards___Cram_com__at_does_the_Hepatic_System_do_
Inferior vena cava
Right Lobe of Liver Caudate is adjacent to...
[]
Digestive System Flashcards - Cram.com
what does the Hepatic System do?
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/digestive-system-1492961
8/1438043060830.93_20150728002420-00098-ip-10-236-191-2_383087920_0.json
39425054_e_System_Flashcards___Cram_com__at_does_the_Hepatic_System_do_
a network of ducts connecting the liver and gall bladder to the duodenum. bile flows through the BA
what is the biliary apparatus
[]
Digestive System Flashcards - Cram.com
what does the Hepatic System do?
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/digestive-system-1492961
8/1438043060830.93_20150728002420-00098-ip-10-236-191-2_383087920_0.json
39425054_e_System_Flashcards___Cram_com__at_does_the_Hepatic_System_do_
CHD: left and right hepatic ducts CBD: CHD and cystic duct
what makes up the: common hepatic duct common bile duct
[]
Digestive System Flashcards - Cram.com
what does the Hepatic System do?
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/digestive-system-1492961
8/1438043060830.93_20150728002420-00098-ip-10-236-191-2_383087920_0.json
22217ce3__Midterm_Flashcards___Cram_com__goals_of_a_theory
explanation or representation of a phenomenon (littlejohn) set of constructs, definitions, propositions based on systematic observation to represent, explain... [goals of a theory]
waht is a theory?
[]
Comm 89 Midterm Flashcards - Cram.com
goals of a theory
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/comm-89-midterm-1648953
8/1438042986022.41_20150728002306-00109-ip-10-236-191-2_386688439_0.json
22217ce3__Midterm_Flashcards___Cram_com__goals_of_a_theory
theory broad/general explanation or representation of a phenomenon applies to variety of situations hypothesis guided by a theory tests specific relationships between specific variables [goals of a theory]
theory vs hypothesis
[]
Comm 89 Midterm Flashcards - Cram.com
goals of a theory
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/comm-89-midterm-1648953
8/1438042986022.41_20150728002306-00109-ip-10-236-191-2_386688439_0.json
22217ce3__Midterm_Flashcards___Cram_com__goals_of_a_theory
way to construct a theory make observations generalize from observations create theory [goals of a theory]
Induction
[]
Comm 89 Midterm Flashcards - Cram.com
goals of a theory
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/comm-89-midterm-1648953
8/1438042986022.41_20150728002306-00109-ip-10-236-191-2_386688439_0.json
22217ce3__Midterm_Flashcards___Cram_com__goals_of_a_theory
way to construct a theory examine existing theory derive testable hypotheses make observations [goals of a theory]
deduction
[]
Comm 89 Midterm Flashcards - Cram.com
goals of a theory
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/comm-89-midterm-1648953
8/1438042986022.41_20150728002306-00109-ip-10-236-191-2_386688439_0.json
22217ce3__Midterm_Flashcards___Cram_com__goals_of_a_theory
world view ways of knowing framework for and application of theory and meta-theoretical concepts guides us through applying theories [goals of a theory]
paradigm
[]
Comm 89 Midterm Flashcards - Cram.com
goals of a theory
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/comm-89-midterm-1648953
8/1438042986022.41_20150728002306-00109-ip-10-236-191-2_386688439_0.json
22217ce3__Midterm_Flashcards___Cram_com__goals_of_a_theory
reality exists outside individual attempt to discover (this reality) objectively and quantitatively Deterministic: Actions determined by probable cause and Effect Relationship - expect certain reactions from certain actions Reductionism -focusing on only certain aspects -distilling down to essence [goals of a theory]
social scientific/objective/nomothetic/positivistic paradigm
[]
Comm 89 Midterm Flashcards - Cram.com
goals of a theory
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/comm-89-midterm-1648953
8/1438042986022.41_20150728002306-00109-ip-10-236-191-2_386688439_0.json
22217ce3__Midterm_Flashcards___Cram_com__goals_of_a_theory
reality is created by individual known depends upon knower subjective interpretation valued goal is rich understanding of individual experience actions determined by choice [goals of a theory]
interpretive/humanistic/practical Subjective Paradigm
[]
Comm 89 Midterm Flashcards - Cram.com
goals of a theory
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/comm-89-midterm-1648953
8/1438042986022.41_20150728002306-00109-ip-10-236-191-2_386688439_0.json
22217ce3__Midterm_Flashcards___Cram_com__goals_of_a_theory
practical (unique) qualitative [goals of a theory]
interpretive
[]
Comm 89 Midterm Flashcards - Cram.com
goals of a theory
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/comm-89-midterm-1648953
8/1438042986022.41_20150728002306-00109-ip-10-236-191-2_386688439_0.json
22217ce3__Midterm_Flashcards___Cram_com__goals_of_a_theory
nomothetic (Patterns) quantitative [goals of a theory]
social scientific
[]
Comm 89 Midterm Flashcards - Cram.com
goals of a theory
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/comm-89-midterm-1648953
8/1438042986022.41_20150728002306-00109-ip-10-236-191-2_386688439_0.json
22217ce3__Midterm_Flashcards___Cram_com__goals_of_a_theory
a theoretical approach to theorizing [goals of a theory]
Meta-theory
[]
Comm 89 Midterm Flashcards - Cram.com
goals of a theory
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/comm-89-midterm-1648953
8/1438042986022.41_20150728002306-00109-ip-10-236-191-2_386688439_0.json
22217ce3__Midterm_Flashcards___Cram_com__goals_of_a_theory
nature of reality - truth out there or within the individual? is it real? [goals of a theory]
Ontology
[]
Comm 89 Midterm Flashcards - Cram.com
goals of a theory
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/comm-89-midterm-1648953
8/1438042986022.41_20150728002306-00109-ip-10-236-191-2_386688439_0.json
22217ce3__Midterm_Flashcards___Cram_com__goals_of_a_theory
Nature of Knowledge how do we know? [goals of a theory]
Epistemology
[]
Comm 89 Midterm Flashcards - Cram.com
goals of a theory
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/comm-89-midterm-1648953
8/1438042986022.41_20150728002306-00109-ip-10-236-191-2_386688439_0.json
22217ce3__Midterm_Flashcards___Cram_com__goals_of_a_theory
roles of values to what degree should researchers attempt to be objective or allow their own values to influence their research [goals of a theory]
Axiology
[]
Comm 89 Midterm Flashcards - Cram.com
goals of a theory
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/comm-89-midterm-1648953
8/1438042986022.41_20150728002306-00109-ip-10-236-191-2_386688439_0.json
22217ce3__Midterm_Flashcards___Cram_com__goals_of_a_theory
we act in accordance with explanations that we create about people and behavior [goals of a theory]
attribution theory
[]
Comm 89 Midterm Flashcards - Cram.com
goals of a theory
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/comm-89-midterm-1648953
8/1438042986022.41_20150728002306-00109-ip-10-236-191-2_386688439_0.json
22217ce3__Midterm_Flashcards___Cram_com__goals_of_a_theory
interpersonal applies to multiple levels and functions [goals of a theory]
context of attribution theory
[]
Comm 89 Midterm Flashcards - Cram.com
goals of a theory
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/comm-89-midterm-1648953
8/1438042986022.41_20150728002306-00109-ip-10-236-191-2_386688439_0.json
22217ce3__Midterm_Flashcards___Cram_com__goals_of_a_theory
peple attempt ot determine causes of behavior people assign causes based on own perceptions people assign causes systematically based upon 3 dimensions [goals of a theory]
major premise of attribution theory
[]
Comm 89 Midterm Flashcards - Cram.com
goals of a theory
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/comm-89-midterm-1648953
8/1438042986022.41_20150728002306-00109-ip-10-236-191-2_386688439_0.json
22217ce3__Midterm_Flashcards___Cram_com__goals_of_a_theory
location of cause -internal -external stability of cause -consistent -unique Controllability ( to what degree is a person able to control what they do) -person can affect case -person cannot affect cause [goals of a theory]
3 dimensions people assign cause through attribution theory
[]
Comm 89 Midterm Flashcards - Cram.com
goals of a theory
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/comm-89-midterm-1648953
8/1438042986022.41_20150728002306-00109-ip-10-236-191-2_386688439_0.json
22217ce3__Midterm_Flashcards___Cram_com__goals_of_a_theory
attribution theory AND new information can change attributions [goals of a theory]
What guides feelings and behaviors?
[]
Comm 89 Midterm Flashcards - Cram.com
goals of a theory
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/comm-89-midterm-1648953
8/1438042986022.41_20150728002306-00109-ip-10-236-191-2_386688439_0.json
22217ce3__Midterm_Flashcards___Cram_com__goals_of_a_theory
Fundamental Attribution Error - tend to exlain negative outcomes by applying internal attributions to others, external attributions to ourselves self-serving bias -we associate our own success w/internal attribution -failure w/external attribution [goals of a theory]
Two Biases in Attribution Process
[]
Comm 89 Midterm Flashcards - Cram.com
goals of a theory
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/comm-89-midterm-1648953
8/1438042986022.41_20150728002306-00109-ip-10-236-191-2_386688439_0.json
22217ce3__Midterm_Flashcards___Cram_com__goals_of_a_theory
Motivation -students Advertising -attributions about product/claims and/or seller influence buying behavior -internal cause = product creates result -stability= long term reliability -control=consumer choice whether to buy and use [goals of a theory]
Research Studies on Attribution Theory
[]
Comm 89 Midterm Flashcards - Cram.com
goals of a theory
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/comm-89-midterm-1648953
8/1438042986022.41_20150728002306-00109-ip-10-236-191-2_386688439_0.json
22217ce3__Midterm_Flashcards___Cram_com__goals_of_a_theory
heuristic practical applications [goals of a theory]
strengths of attribution theory
[]
Comm 89 Midterm Flashcards - Cram.com
goals of a theory
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/comm-89-midterm-1648953
8/1438042986022.41_20150728002306-00109-ip-10-236-191-2_386688439_0.json
22217ce3__Midterm_Flashcards___Cram_com__goals_of_a_theory
falsifiability - its all in your head, cant prove what the people disclose as false [goals of a theory]
weaknesses of attribution theory
[]
Comm 89 Midterm Flashcards - Cram.com
goals of a theory
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/comm-89-midterm-1648953
8/1438042986022.41_20150728002306-00109-ip-10-236-191-2_386688439_0.json
22217ce3__Midterm_Flashcards___Cram_com__goals_of_a_theory
people seek consonance among cognitive elements [goals of a theory]
cognitive dissonance
[]
Comm 89 Midterm Flashcards - Cram.com
goals of a theory
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/comm-89-midterm-1648953
8/1438042986022.41_20150728002306-00109-ip-10-236-191-2_386688439_0.json
22217ce3__Midterm_Flashcards___Cram_com__goals_of_a_theory
general theory crosses contexts persuasive function [goals of a theory]
context of cognitive dissonance
[]
Comm 89 Midterm Flashcards - Cram.com
goals of a theory
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/comm-89-midterm-1648953
8/1438042986022.41_20150728002306-00109-ip-10-236-191-2_386688439_0.json
22217ce3__Midterm_Flashcards___Cram_com__goals_of_a_theory
consonant - in harmony with one another null/irrelevant dissonance new information can cause dissonance dissonance produces pressure to reduce it [goals of a theory]
relationships among cognitive elements
[]
Comm 89 Midterm Flashcards - Cram.com
goals of a theory
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/comm-89-midterm-1648953
8/1438042986022.41_20150728002306-00109-ip-10-236-191-2_386688439_0.json
22217ce3__Midterm_Flashcards___Cram_com__goals_of_a_theory
important issues attractive alternative if mutually exclusive two good things, but can only do one [goals of a theory]
magnitude of dissonance increases with:
[]
Comm 89 Midterm Flashcards - Cram.com
goals of a theory
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/comm-89-midterm-1648953
8/1438042986022.41_20150728002306-00109-ip-10-236-191-2_386688439_0.json
22217ce3__Midterm_Flashcards___Cram_com__goals_of_a_theory
satisfaction of choice similarity among alternatives [goals of a theory]
magnitude of dissonance decreases with:
[]
Comm 89 Midterm Flashcards - Cram.com
goals of a theory
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/comm-89-midterm-1648953
8/1438042986022.41_20150728002306-00109-ip-10-236-191-2_386688439_0.json
22217ce3__Midterm_Flashcards___Cram_com__goals_of_a_theory
selective exposure: reduce conflicting stimuli selective attention: focus on chosen stimuli selective interpreatation- distort facts to make them a little more like you would like them to be selective retention- i am just not going to think about it [goals of a theory]
strategies to minimize dissonance
[]
Comm 89 Midterm Flashcards - Cram.com
goals of a theory
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/comm-89-midterm-1648953
8/1438042986022.41_20150728002306-00109-ip-10-236-191-2_386688439_0.json
22217ce3__Midterm_Flashcards___Cram_com__goals_of_a_theory
internal consistency - logical, doesnt contradict itself external consistency- gather datea in ther eal world they theory sitll gets supported consistently practical utility [goals of a theory]
strengths of cognitive dissonance
[]
Comm 89 Midterm Flashcards - Cram.com
goals of a theory
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/comm-89-midterm-1648953
8/1438042986022.41_20150728002306-00109-ip-10-236-191-2_386688439_0.json
22217ce3__Midterm_Flashcards___Cram_com__goals_of_a_theory
low falsifiability [goals of a theory]
weaknesses of cognitive dissonance
[]
Comm 89 Midterm Flashcards - Cram.com
goals of a theory
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/comm-89-midterm-1648953
8/1438042986022.41_20150728002306-00109-ip-10-236-191-2_386688439_0.json
22217ce3__Midterm_Flashcards___Cram_com__goals_of_a_theory
attitudes remain stable until challenged --attitude changes depend upon initial orientaiton (anchor point) [goals of a theory]
Social Judgment Theory
[]
Comm 89 Midterm Flashcards - Cram.com
goals of a theory
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/comm-89-midterm-1648953
8/1438042986022.41_20150728002306-00109-ip-10-236-191-2_386688439_0.json
22217ce3__Midterm_Flashcards___Cram_com__goals_of_a_theory
interpersonal, group, organizational [goals of a theory]
context of social judgment theory
[]
Comm 89 Midterm Flashcards - Cram.com
goals of a theory
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/comm-89-midterm-1648953
8/1438042986022.41_20150728002306-00109-ip-10-236-191-2_386688439_0.json
22217ce3__Midterm_Flashcards___Cram_com__goals_of_a_theory
persuasion [goals of a theory]
function of social judgment theory
[]
Comm 89 Midterm Flashcards - Cram.com
goals of a theory
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/comm-89-midterm-1648953
8/1438042986022.41_20150728002306-00109-ip-10-236-191-2_386688439_0.json
22217ce3__Midterm_Flashcards___Cram_com__goals_of_a_theory
three latitudes/ranges of attitudes 1. acceptance 2. rejection 3. non-commitment [goals of a theory]
key concepts of social judgment theory
[]
Comm 89 Midterm Flashcards - Cram.com
goals of a theory
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/comm-89-midterm-1648953
8/1438042986022.41_20150728002306-00109-ip-10-236-191-2_386688439_0.json
22217ce3__Midterm_Flashcards___Cram_com__goals_of_a_theory
reduces latitude of acceptance enlarges latitude of rejection receiver distorts source's position [goals of a theory]
ego-involvement in social judgment theory
[]
Comm 89 Midterm Flashcards - Cram.com
goals of a theory
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/comm-89-midterm-1648953
8/1438042986022.41_20150728002306-00109-ip-10-236-191-2_386688439_0.json
22217ce3__Midterm_Flashcards___Cram_com__goals_of_a_theory
less like own attitudes, beliefs [goals of a theory]
contrast effect in social judgment
[]
Comm 89 Midterm Flashcards - Cram.com
goals of a theory
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/comm-89-midterm-1648953
8/1438042986022.41_20150728002306-00109-ip-10-236-191-2_386688439_0.json
22217ce3__Midterm_Flashcards___Cram_com__goals_of_a_theory
more like own attitude, beliefs [goals of a theory]
assimilation effect in social judgment
[]
Comm 89 Midterm Flashcards - Cram.com
goals of a theory
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/comm-89-midterm-1648953
8/1438042986022.41_20150728002306-00109-ip-10-236-191-2_386688439_0.json
22217ce3__Midterm_Flashcards___Cram_com__goals_of_a_theory
internal consistency external consistency support fom data [goals of a theory]
strengths of social judgment theory
[]
Comm 89 Midterm Flashcards - Cram.com
goals of a theory
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/comm-89-midterm-1648953
8/1438042986022.41_20150728002306-00109-ip-10-236-191-2_386688439_0.json
22217ce3__Midterm_Flashcards___Cram_com__goals_of_a_theory
limited scope - doesnt explain much can only look at one issue at a time low predictive power without pre-test [goals of a theory]
weaknesses of social judgment theory
[]
Comm 89 Midterm Flashcards - Cram.com
goals of a theory
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/comm-89-midterm-1648953
8/1438042986022.41_20150728002306-00109-ip-10-236-191-2_386688439_0.json
22217ce3__Midterm_Flashcards___Cram_com__goals_of_a_theory
language shapes perceptions of reality old riddle regarding mother being a surgeon - back in the day it was a tough riddle because surgeons were always thought of as males - hard to grasp - shaped their reality [goals of a theory]
Theory of Lingustic Relativity (Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis)
[]
Comm 89 Midterm Flashcards - Cram.com
goals of a theory
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/comm-89-midterm-1648953
8/1438042986022.41_20150728002306-00109-ip-10-236-191-2_386688439_0.json
22217ce3__Midterm_Flashcards___Cram_com__goals_of_a_theory
we create cognitive opposites to help understand the world -right/wrong -good/bad they are like continuums with extremes more experience we have, the more constructs we have [goals of a theory]
constructivism theory is based on Kelly's Personal Construct Theory...
[]
Comm 89 Midterm Flashcards - Cram.com
goals of a theory
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/comm-89-midterm-1648953
8/1438042986022.41_20150728002306-00109-ip-10-236-191-2_386688439_0.json
22217ce3__Midterm_Flashcards___Cram_com__goals_of_a_theory
We build a personal knowledge base from our experiences by transforming them into mental structures (constructs) that we use to interpret social objects and events greater cognitive complexity leads to greater ability to communicate strategically/rhetorically with others [goals of a theory]
Major Premises of Constructivism
[]
Comm 89 Midterm Flashcards - Cram.com
goals of a theory
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/comm-89-midterm-1648953
8/1438042986022.41_20150728002306-00109-ip-10-236-191-2_386688439_0.json
22217ce3__Midterm_Flashcards___Cram_com__goals_of_a_theory
interpersonal, message creation [goals of a theory]
context of constructivism
[]
Comm 89 Midterm Flashcards - Cram.com
goals of a theory
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/comm-89-midterm-1648953
8/1438042986022.41_20150728002306-00109-ip-10-236-191-2_386688439_0.json
22217ce3__Midterm_Flashcards___Cram_com__goals_of_a_theory
constructs are organized within interpretive schemes that develop over time - start simple & general - work up to complex and specific based upon culture, socialization w/others, cognitive development, & cognitive ability - children have less complexity than adults [goals of a theory]
personal construct system (constructivism)
[]
Comm 89 Midterm Flashcards - Cram.com
goals of a theory
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/comm-89-midterm-1648953
8/1438042986022.41_20150728002306-00109-ip-10-236-191-2_386688439_0.json
22217ce3__Midterm_Flashcards___Cram_com__goals_of_a_theory
the key to creation of strategic/person-centered messages must be able to put self into their shoes - havethe same constructs as them - helps us to understnad others constructions of reality [goals of a theory]
perspective-taking
[]
Comm 89 Midterm Flashcards - Cram.com
goals of a theory
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/comm-89-midterm-1648953
8/1438042986022.41_20150728002306-00109-ip-10-236-191-2_386688439_0.json
22217ce3__Midterm_Flashcards___Cram_com__goals_of_a_theory
goal identificaiton - multiple planning - from records in memory action - implementation [goals of a theory]
3 stage process of message creation (constructivism)
[]
Comm 89 Midterm Flashcards - Cram.com
goals of a theory
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/comm-89-midterm-1648953
8/1438042986022.41_20150728002306-00109-ip-10-236-191-2_386688439_0.json
22217ce3__Midterm_Flashcards___Cram_com__goals_of_a_theory
emote and verbalize own thoughts, feelings no planning, no goal, just get it out - mind dump [goals of a theory]
Expressive Design Logic (constructivism)
[]
Comm 89 Midterm Flashcards - Cram.com
goals of a theory
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/comm-89-midterm-1648953
8/1438042986022.41_20150728002306-00109-ip-10-236-191-2_386688439_0.json
22217ce3__Midterm_Flashcards___Cram_com__goals_of_a_theory
abide by the social rules, gain social approval please, thank you, ask at appropriate time [goals of a theory]
conventional design logic (constructivism)
[]
Comm 89 Midterm Flashcards - Cram.com
goals of a theory
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/comm-89-midterm-1648953
8/1438042986022.41_20150728002306-00109-ip-10-236-191-2_386688439_0.json
22217ce3__Midterm_Flashcards___Cram_com__goals_of_a_theory
structure reality and meet multiple goals [goals of a theory]
rhetorical (strategic/person-centered) design logic (constructivism)
[]
Comm 89 Midterm Flashcards - Cram.com
goals of a theory
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/comm-89-midterm-1648953
8/1438042986022.41_20150728002306-00109-ip-10-236-191-2_386688439_0.json
22217ce3__Midterm_Flashcards___Cram_com__goals_of_a_theory
practical utility - compliance gaiing -comfort messages -orgaizational effectiveness -relationship maintenance internally consistent externally consistent heuristic [goals of a theory]
Strength of Constructivism
[]
Comm 89 Midterm Flashcards - Cram.com
goals of a theory
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/comm-89-midterm-1648953
8/1438042986022.41_20150728002306-00109-ip-10-236-191-2_386688439_0.json
22217ce3__Midterm_Flashcards___Cram_com__goals_of_a_theory
reliance on Role Category Questionnaire [goals of a theory]
weaknesses of constructivism
[]
Comm 89 Midterm Flashcards - Cram.com
goals of a theory
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/comm-89-midterm-1648953
8/1438042986022.41_20150728002306-00109-ip-10-236-191-2_386688439_0.json
22217ce3__Midterm_Flashcards___Cram_com__goals_of_a_theory
personal identity is shaped by and guides interaction with others through the use of symbols (language and gestures) [goals of a theory]
Symbolic Interactionism
[]
Comm 89 Midterm Flashcards - Cram.com
goals of a theory
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/comm-89-midterm-1648953
8/1438042986022.41_20150728002306-00109-ip-10-236-191-2_386688439_0.json
22217ce3__Midterm_Flashcards___Cram_com__goals_of_a_theory
symbolized by language dynamic effect of langauge [goals of a theory]
Main Premises of Symbolic Interactionism Meaning:
[]
Comm 89 Midterm Flashcards - Cram.com
goals of a theory
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/comm-89-midterm-1648953
8/1438042986022.41_20150728002306-00109-ip-10-236-191-2_386688439_0.json
22217ce3__Midterm_Flashcards___Cram_com__goals_of_a_theory
interacting symbolically (langauge and gestures) with others interpreting interactions [goals of a theory]
Main Premises of Symbolic Interactionism Meanings, including self-concept, formed by:
[]
Comm 89 Midterm Flashcards - Cram.com
goals of a theory
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/comm-89-midterm-1648953
8/1438042986022.41_20150728002306-00109-ip-10-236-191-2_386688439_0.json
22217ce3__Midterm_Flashcards___Cram_com__goals_of_a_theory
example: Linkdin example [goals of a theory]
Main Premise of SI: Thought Modifies Meaning
[]
Comm 89 Midterm Flashcards - Cram.com
goals of a theory
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/comm-89-midterm-1648953
8/1438042986022.41_20150728002306-00109-ip-10-236-191-2_386688439_0.json
22217ce3__Midterm_Flashcards___Cram_com__goals_of_a_theory
intellect, symbolizes, perceives, thinks, anticipates, plans college students do this a lot [goals of a theory]
Three part communicative force: mind (SI)
[]
Comm 89 Midterm Flashcards - Cram.com
goals of a theory
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/comm-89-midterm-1648953
8/1438042986022.41_20150728002306-00109-ip-10-236-191-2_386688439_0.json
22217ce3__Midterm_Flashcards___Cram_com__goals_of_a_theory
dual self process the "I" -the active part of the self the"beahves" -impulsive, unorganized, unpredictable the "me" -the "looking-glass self" reflects what you imagine others see -requires taking the rold of then "generalized other" ----waht do these people think of me ----interacted with and the feedback they give -aware of conventions, rules -self-fulfilling prophecy (what I say to self) -pygmalion effect (what I hear others say to me) [goals of a theory]
Three part communicative force: self
[]
Comm 89 Midterm Flashcards - Cram.com
goals of a theory
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/comm-89-midterm-1648953
8/1438042986022.41_20150728002306-00109-ip-10-236-191-2_386688439_0.json
22217ce3__Midterm_Flashcards___Cram_com__goals_of_a_theory
web of social realitonships individuals adjust themselves to each other particular others = "significant others" generalized other viewpoint of large group or culture [goals of a theory]
Three part communicative force: society
[]
Comm 89 Midterm Flashcards - Cram.com
goals of a theory
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/comm-89-midterm-1648953
8/1438042986022.41_20150728002306-00109-ip-10-236-191-2_386688439_0.json
22217ce3__Midterm_Flashcards___Cram_com__goals_of_a_theory
creation of institutions that are meaningful to group, society, as a whole -religions -beauty -military & politics self-concept research [goals of a theory]
research that demonstrates utility of SI
[]
Comm 89 Midterm Flashcards - Cram.com
goals of a theory
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/comm-89-midterm-1648953
8/1438042986022.41_20150728002306-00109-ip-10-236-191-2_386688439_0.json
22217ce3__Midterm_Flashcards___Cram_com__goals_of_a_theory
heuristic broad scope utility [goals of a theory]
strengths of SI
[]
Comm 89 Midterm Flashcards - Cram.com
goals of a theory
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/comm-89-midterm-1648953
8/1438042986022.41_20150728002306-00109-ip-10-236-191-2_386688439_0.json