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781acd65_nal_Exam_Flashcards___Cram_com__e_some_factors_affecting_pain_
Fetal muscle tone fetal movement fetal breathing movements fetal heart rate activity (NST) amniotic fluid volume (AFI) Score of 8-10 is normal, otherwise delivery is considered
Biophysical Profile
[]
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Lamaze:psychoprophylaxis fear-tension-pain Read: progressive relaxation Bradley: abdominal breathing partner-coached methods abstaining from meds Kitzinger: sensory memory acting for relaxation hypnosis: conditioned reflexes
Childbirth preparation:
[]
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oxytocin-stimulation theory progesterone-deprivation theory estrogen-stimulation theory fetal-cortisol theory PG theory uterine distention theory
theories of initiation of labor
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Lightening-baby has dropped Braxton-Hicks contractions cervical changes bloody show rupture of membranes (ROM) energy surge others: weight loss, flu, backache
premonitory signs of labor
[]
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dilation of cervix
only definitive difference between true and false labor
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True progressive dilation, effacement, & descent regular increase in intensity, frequency, & duration discomfort in back worsen with activity False no progressive dilation, effacement, & descent irregular discomfort in abdomen & groin relieved with activity or sedation
True & False Labor
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passage (pelvis) passenger (fetus) powers Position - book does not include psyche
Factors affecting Labor 5 P’s
[]
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gynecoid
What is the female pelvis type good for giving birth?
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90 degree inlet --> 90 degree rotation
Progression through pelvis:
[]
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fetal head sutures: frontal, sagittal, coronal, & lambdoidal fontanels: anterior - diamond shape & posterior -triangle shape landmarks of fetal skull: sinciput bregma vertex occiput mentum
passenger
[]
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relationship of cephalo-caudal axis of fetus to mother
fetal lie
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fetal presentation - body part entering pelvis first cephalic: vertex, sinciput, brow, face breech: complete, frank, incomplete Both of these have longitudinal lie Shoulder - have a transverse lie
fetal presentation
[]
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LOA is most common position left occiputanterior
What is the most common position?
[]
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primary powers - uterine contraction Frequency - minutes duration - seconds intensity - pain scale of 1 to 10 secondary powers - abdominal muscles added to primary powers in Stage 2 of labor
powers
[]
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not an actual curve: and ideal composite of the "average" labor
Friedman Curve
[]
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motivation for pregnancy childbirth preparation sense of competency/mastery self-confidence, self-esteem positive relationship with partner control during labor Presence - of support person, not being alone support during labor trust in health care professionals
factors associated with a positive birth experience:
[]
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Stage 1 Stage of Dilation and Effacement latent phase 0-3 cms active phase 4-7 cms transition 8-10 cms Stage 2 Stage of Expulsion Stage 3 Placental Expulsion Stage 4 Recovery
Stages of Labor
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-could pull cord off placenta or invert the uterus, let contractions do the work
Why should you never pull on the cord to remove placenta?
[]
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cardiovascular contrx cause increase BP & P (will decrease on L side) vena cava syndrome Hgb is 12-16 gm/100 ml increased leukocytes to 25-35,000 (=strenuous exercise) bearing down causes c.o. to increase 40% c.vol. decreases after delivery by 500cc (over 500cc hemorrhage)
USCR: AIR, FOOD, WATER
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fluid and electrolytes temp remains normal (q 2 hours if ROM) altered by diaphoresis and hyperventilation diaphoresis from increase muscular activity dehydration from increase respiratory rate edema monitored (ankle vs facial) oral fluids IV fluids (lactated ringers)
fluid & electrolytes
[]
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respiratory rate = strenuous exercise breathing techniques maintain oxygenation therefore decreasing ischemia
respiratory
[]
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GI motility & absorption decrease last intake calories needed for energy expenditure
GI
[]
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bladder trace of protein common due to muscular exercise (not > +2) atony leads to distention and inability to void (from progesterone and physical compression) glucose negative ketones negative specimen contaminated from vaginal secretions bowel enema rarely used but can cleanse, increase room for fetal descent, stimu...
USCR: Elmination
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contraction of uterus to shrink back down
Uterine involution process
[]
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when a uterus does not contract down Lochia - color (rubra) --> cirrhosa (bluish) --> alba (white, tan)
What is uterine subinvolution
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Pituitary Gland and Hypothalamus
Where nervous and endocrine systems interact Hypothalamus regulates secretions of anterior pituitary
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UNCC Anatomy 2 Chapter 18 Flashcards - Cram.com
-Metabolism -Control of food intake and digestion -Tissue maturation -Ion Regulation -Water Balance -Heart Rate and blood pressure recognition -Control of blood glucose and other nutrients -Control of reproductive functions -Uterine contractions and milk release -Immune system regulation
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The Posterior Pituitary
An extension of the hypothalamus and consists of the infundibulum and the neurohypophysis DOES NOT MAKE HORMONES
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UNCC Anatomy 2 Chapter 18 Flashcards - Cram.com
-Metabolism -Control of food intake and digestion -Tissue maturation -Ion Regulation -Water Balance -Heart Rate and blood pressure recognition -Control of blood glucose and other nutrients -Control of reproductive functions -Uterine contractions and milk release -Immune system regulation
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The Anterior Pituitary
Produces nine major hormones that: Regulate body functions Regulate the secretions of other endocrine glands
[]
UNCC Anatomy 2 Chapter 18 Flashcards - Cram.com
-Metabolism -Control of food intake and digestion -Tissue maturation -Ion Regulation -Water Balance -Heart Rate and blood pressure recognition -Control of blood glucose and other nutrients -Control of reproductive functions -Uterine contractions and milk release -Immune system regulation
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The hypothalamohypophysial portal
Connects the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary -Neurohormones are produced in hypothalamic neurons -The neurohormones inhibit or stimulate hormone production in the anterior pituitary
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UNCC Anatomy 2 Chapter 18 Flashcards - Cram.com
-Metabolism -Control of food intake and digestion -Tissue maturation -Ion Regulation -Water Balance -Heart Rate and blood pressure recognition -Control of blood glucose and other nutrients -Control of reproductive functions -Uterine contractions and milk release -Immune system regulation
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/uncc-anatomy-2-chapter-18-2077343
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The hypothalamohypophysial tract
Connects the hypothalamus and the posterior pituitary. -Neurohormones move down the axons of the tract and are secreted from the posterior pituitary.
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UNCC Anatomy 2 Chapter 18 Flashcards - Cram.com
-Metabolism -Control of food intake and digestion -Tissue maturation -Ion Regulation -Water Balance -Heart Rate and blood pressure recognition -Control of blood glucose and other nutrients -Control of reproductive functions -Uterine contractions and milk release -Immune system regulation
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/uncc-anatomy-2-chapter-18-2077343
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Hormones of the Hypothalamus
GHRH, GHIH, TRH, CRH, GnRH, PRH, and PIH *R=Releasing *I=Inhibiting
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UNCC Anatomy 2 Chapter 18 Flashcards - Cram.com
-Metabolism -Control of food intake and digestion -Tissue maturation -Ion Regulation -Water Balance -Heart Rate and blood pressure recognition -Control of blood glucose and other nutrients -Control of reproductive functions -Uterine contractions and milk release -Immune system regulation
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Posterior Pituitary Hormones(2)
ADH and Oxytocin
[]
UNCC Anatomy 2 Chapter 18 Flashcards - Cram.com
-Metabolism -Control of food intake and digestion -Tissue maturation -Ion Regulation -Water Balance -Heart Rate and blood pressure recognition -Control of blood glucose and other nutrients -Control of reproductive functions -Uterine contractions and milk release -Immune system regulation
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Antidiuretic Hormone(ADH)
Also called vasopressin(promotes water retention by kidneys) -High ADH=higher reabsorption of water in blood -Stimulus of release- increase in blood concentration(detected by osmoreceptors) or decrease in blood volume(by barorecptors) Targets the Kidneys
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UNCC Anatomy 2 Chapter 18 Flashcards - Cram.com
-Metabolism -Control of food intake and digestion -Tissue maturation -Ion Regulation -Water Balance -Heart Rate and blood pressure recognition -Control of blood glucose and other nutrients -Control of reproductive functions -Uterine contractions and milk release -Immune system regulation
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/uncc-anatomy-2-chapter-18-2077343
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Oxytocin
Stimulus for release-Pressure on cervix or stretch of uterus Target tissues-Uterus, mammary glands Response of target tissues-Uterine contractions or release of milk Positive response
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UNCC Anatomy 2 Chapter 18 Flashcards - Cram.com
-Metabolism -Control of food intake and digestion -Tissue maturation -Ion Regulation -Water Balance -Heart Rate and blood pressure recognition -Control of blood glucose and other nutrients -Control of reproductive functions -Uterine contractions and milk release -Immune system regulation
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/uncc-anatomy-2-chapter-18-2077343
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feba1f3c_apter_18_Flashcards___Cram_com__ease__Immune_system_regulation
Anterior Pituitary Hormones(9)
-Growth Hormone(GH) -Thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) -Adrenocorticotopic hormone(ACTH) -Melanocyte-stimulating hormone(MSH) -Beta endorphins -Lipotropins -Luteinizing hormone(LH) -Follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH) -Prolactin
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UNCC Anatomy 2 Chapter 18 Flashcards - Cram.com
-Metabolism -Control of food intake and digestion -Tissue maturation -Ion Regulation -Water Balance -Heart Rate and blood pressure recognition -Control of blood glucose and other nutrients -Control of reproductive functions -Uterine contractions and milk release -Immune system regulation
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/uncc-anatomy-2-chapter-18-2077343
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Growth Hormone(GH)
sometimes called somatotropin -GH secretion increases in response to an increase in blood amino acids, low blood glucose, or stress -Releasing hormone-GHRH -Inhibiting hormone-GHIH Targets most tissues Target tissue responses-increased protein synthesis, increased tissue growth, increased fat breakdown, increased gluco...
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UNCC Anatomy 2 Chapter 18 Flashcards - Cram.com
-Metabolism -Control of food intake and digestion -Tissue maturation -Ion Regulation -Water Balance -Heart Rate and blood pressure recognition -Control of blood glucose and other nutrients -Control of reproductive functions -Uterine contractions and milk release -Immune system regulation
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Thyrotopin(TSH)
causes the release of thyroid hormones(T3 and T4) Releasing hormone-TRH No inhibiting hormones Target tissues-Thyroid gland Response of target tissues-Release of thyroid hormones(T3 &T4) Receptors-Membrane bound(G protein cAMP
[]
UNCC Anatomy 2 Chapter 18 Flashcards - Cram.com
-Metabolism -Control of food intake and digestion -Tissue maturation -Ion Regulation -Water Balance -Heart Rate and blood pressure recognition -Control of blood glucose and other nutrients -Control of reproductive functions -Uterine contractions and milk release -Immune system regulation
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/uncc-anatomy-2-chapter-18-2077343
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ACTH
Stimulates cortisol secretion from the adrenal cortex and increases skin pigmentation. Releasing hormone-CRH No inhibiting hormone Target tissues Adrenal Cortex Response of target tissues- Causes cortisol and aldosterone secretion from the adrenal cortex, binds directly to melanocytes of the skin, causes increase in th...
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UNCC Anatomy 2 Chapter 18 Flashcards - Cram.com
-Metabolism -Control of food intake and digestion -Tissue maturation -Ion Regulation -Water Balance -Heart Rate and blood pressure recognition -Control of blood glucose and other nutrients -Control of reproductive functions -Uterine contractions and milk release -Immune system regulation
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/uncc-anatomy-2-chapter-18-2077343
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Lipotropins
Cause fat breakdown
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UNCC Anatomy 2 Chapter 18 Flashcards - Cram.com
-Metabolism -Control of food intake and digestion -Tissue maturation -Ion Regulation -Water Balance -Heart Rate and blood pressure recognition -Control of blood glucose and other nutrients -Control of reproductive functions -Uterine contractions and milk release -Immune system regulation
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feba1f3c_apter_18_Flashcards___Cram_com__ease__Immune_system_regulation
Beta endorphins
Play a role in analgesia(inability to feel pain), released during stress
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UNCC Anatomy 2 Chapter 18 Flashcards - Cram.com
-Metabolism -Control of food intake and digestion -Tissue maturation -Ion Regulation -Water Balance -Heart Rate and blood pressure recognition -Control of blood glucose and other nutrients -Control of reproductive functions -Uterine contractions and milk release -Immune system regulation
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MSH
increases skin pigmentation
[]
UNCC Anatomy 2 Chapter 18 Flashcards - Cram.com
-Metabolism -Control of food intake and digestion -Tissue maturation -Ion Regulation -Water Balance -Heart Rate and blood pressure recognition -Control of blood glucose and other nutrients -Control of reproductive functions -Uterine contractions and milk release -Immune system regulation
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Gonadotropins
Glycoprotein hormones that promote growth and function of the gonads(LH, FSH, and prolactin)
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UNCC Anatomy 2 Chapter 18 Flashcards - Cram.com
-Metabolism -Control of food intake and digestion -Tissue maturation -Ion Regulation -Water Balance -Heart Rate and blood pressure recognition -Control of blood glucose and other nutrients -Control of reproductive functions -Uterine contractions and milk release -Immune system regulation
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Leutinizing Hormone (LH)
Releasing hormone-GnRH No inhibiting hormones Target tissues-ovaries or testes Response of target tissues-Regulates production of gametes and reproductive hormones(Testosterone is males, Estrogen and Progesterone in females) Receptors- Membrane Bound(G protein and cAMP)
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UNCC Anatomy 2 Chapter 18 Flashcards - Cram.com
-Metabolism -Control of food intake and digestion -Tissue maturation -Ion Regulation -Water Balance -Heart Rate and blood pressure recognition -Control of blood glucose and other nutrients -Control of reproductive functions -Uterine contractions and milk release -Immune system regulation
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/uncc-anatomy-2-chapter-18-2077343
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Follicle Stimulating Hormone(FSH)
Releasing hormone-GnRH No Inhibiting Hormone Target tissues-Follicles in Ovaries or Seminiferous tubules in Testes Target Tissue Response-Regulates production of gametes and reproductive Hormones-Testosterone in males(sperm production), Estrogen and Progesterone in females(follicle maturation) Receptors- Membrane bound...
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UNCC Anatomy 2 Chapter 18 Flashcards - Cram.com
-Metabolism -Control of food intake and digestion -Tissue maturation -Ion Regulation -Water Balance -Heart Rate and blood pressure recognition -Control of blood glucose and other nutrients -Control of reproductive functions -Uterine contractions and milk release -Immune system regulation
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Prolactin
Releasing hormone-PRH Inhibiting hormone- PIH Target tissues- Ovaries and mammary glands in females Target tissue response-Milk production, oxytocin=milk release Receptors-Membrane bound
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UNCC Anatomy 2 Chapter 18 Flashcards - Cram.com
-Metabolism -Control of food intake and digestion -Tissue maturation -Ion Regulation -Water Balance -Heart Rate and blood pressure recognition -Control of blood glucose and other nutrients -Control of reproductive functions -Uterine contractions and milk release -Immune system regulation
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Thyroid Gland
Located inferior to the larynx -Composed of follicles: follicular cells surrounding thyroglobulin/thyroid hormones -Parafollicular cells- between follicles,secrete calcitonin
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UNCC Anatomy 2 Chapter 18 Flashcards - Cram.com
-Metabolism -Control of food intake and digestion -Tissue maturation -Ion Regulation -Water Balance -Heart Rate and blood pressure recognition -Control of blood glucose and other nutrients -Control of reproductive functions -Uterine contractions and milk release -Immune system regulation
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Thyroid Hormones(T3 & T4)
synthesis occurs in thyroid follicles 1. Active transport of iodide into follicular cells 2. Thyroglobulin synthesized in follicular cells from Tyrosine 3. Thyroglobulin is secreted into follicular lumen by exocytosis 4. Two iodinated tyrosine amino acids of thyroglobulin to form T3 or T4 5. T3 & T4 are stored in folli...
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UNCC Anatomy 2 Chapter 18 Flashcards - Cram.com
-Metabolism -Control of food intake and digestion -Tissue maturation -Ion Regulation -Water Balance -Heart Rate and blood pressure recognition -Control of blood glucose and other nutrients -Control of reproductive functions -Uterine contractions and milk release -Immune system regulation
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Regulation of T3 & T4 Secretion
1. TRH increases from cold, food deprivation and stress 2. TRH from the hypothalamus increases TSH secretion 3. Increased TSH from the anterior pituitary increases T3 & T4 secretion. 4. T3 & T4 increase the rate of glucose, fat, and protein metabolism in many tissues, thus increasing body temperature. Normal growth of ...
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UNCC Anatomy 2 Chapter 18 Flashcards - Cram.com
-Metabolism -Control of food intake and digestion -Tissue maturation -Ion Regulation -Water Balance -Heart Rate and blood pressure recognition -Control of blood glucose and other nutrients -Control of reproductive functions -Uterine contractions and milk release -Immune system regulation
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Calcitonin
-Produced by parafollicular cells -Secretion triggered by HIGH calcium concentration in blood. -Calcitonin decreases calcium concentration by inhibiting osteoclasts -Primary target tissue-bone; decrease osteoclast activity, lengthens lifespan of osteoblasts
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UNCC Anatomy 2 Chapter 18 Flashcards - Cram.com
-Metabolism -Control of food intake and digestion -Tissue maturation -Ion Regulation -Water Balance -Heart Rate and blood pressure recognition -Control of blood glucose and other nutrients -Control of reproductive functions -Uterine contractions and milk release -Immune system regulation
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Parathyroid Glands
Embedded in the thyroid gland
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UNCC Anatomy 2 Chapter 18 Flashcards - Cram.com
-Metabolism -Control of food intake and digestion -Tissue maturation -Ion Regulation -Water Balance -Heart Rate and blood pressure recognition -Control of blood glucose and other nutrients -Control of reproductive functions -Uterine contractions and milk release -Immune system regulation
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Parathyroid Hormone(PTH)
Stimulated by a decrease in blood calcium. Increases blood calcium levels: -PTH stimulates osteoclasts -PTH promotes calcium reabsorption by the kidneys and the formation of active vitamin D by the kidneys -Active vitamin D increases calcium absorption by the intestine. Target areas- kidneys, intestines, bones
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UNCC Anatomy 2 Chapter 18 Flashcards - Cram.com
-Metabolism -Control of food intake and digestion -Tissue maturation -Ion Regulation -Water Balance -Heart Rate and blood pressure recognition -Control of blood glucose and other nutrients -Control of reproductive functions -Uterine contractions and milk release -Immune system regulation
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Adrenal Glands
Near the superior poles of the kidneys
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UNCC Anatomy 2 Chapter 18 Flashcards - Cram.com
-Metabolism -Control of food intake and digestion -Tissue maturation -Ion Regulation -Water Balance -Heart Rate and blood pressure recognition -Control of blood glucose and other nutrients -Control of reproductive functions -Uterine contractions and milk release -Immune system regulation
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The Adrenal Medulla
Composed of closely packed cells
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UNCC Anatomy 2 Chapter 18 Flashcards - Cram.com
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The Adrenal Cortex(3 layers)
Zona Glomerulosa Zona Fasciculata Zona Reticularis
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UNCC Anatomy 2 Chapter 18 Flashcards - Cram.com
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Hormones of the Adrenal Medulla
Prepare the body for physical activity. 80% Epinephrine and 20% Norepinephrine Stimulated by the sympathetic division in response to emotions, injury, stress, exercise and low blood glucose levels
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UNCC Anatomy 2 Chapter 18 Flashcards - Cram.com
-Metabolism -Control of food intake and digestion -Tissue maturation -Ion Regulation -Water Balance -Heart Rate and blood pressure recognition -Control of blood glucose and other nutrients -Control of reproductive functions -Uterine contractions and milk release -Immune system regulation
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Effects of Epinephrine and Norepinephrine(7)
-Increased release of glucose from liver -Increased fat release -Increased heart rate -Increased constriction of blood vessels in skin and vasodilation in skeletal and cardiac muscles -Increased BP -Decreased digestive functions
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UNCC Anatomy 2 Chapter 18 Flashcards - Cram.com
-Metabolism -Control of food intake and digestion -Tissue maturation -Ion Regulation -Water Balance -Heart Rate and blood pressure recognition -Control of blood glucose and other nutrients -Control of reproductive functions -Uterine contractions and milk release -Immune system regulation
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The Zona Glomerulosa
Secretes Mineralocorticoids, or aldosterone
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UNCC Anatomy 2 Chapter 18 Flashcards - Cram.com
-Metabolism -Control of food intake and digestion -Tissue maturation -Ion Regulation -Water Balance -Heart Rate and blood pressure recognition -Control of blood glucose and other nutrients -Control of reproductive functions -Uterine contractions and milk release -Immune system regulation
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Aldosterone
Acts on the kidneys to increase blood levels of sodium by increasing sodium reabsorption and decreases blood levels of potassium and hydrogen levels by increasing K+ and H+ ion secretion.
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UNCC Anatomy 2 Chapter 18 Flashcards - Cram.com
-Metabolism -Control of food intake and digestion -Tissue maturation -Ion Regulation -Water Balance -Heart Rate and blood pressure recognition -Control of blood glucose and other nutrients -Control of reproductive functions -Uterine contractions and milk release -Immune system regulation
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The Zona Fasciculata
Secretes glucocorticoids, or cortisol
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UNCC Anatomy 2 Chapter 18 Flashcards - Cram.com
-Metabolism -Control of food intake and digestion -Tissue maturation -Ion Regulation -Water Balance -Heart Rate and blood pressure recognition -Control of blood glucose and other nutrients -Control of reproductive functions -Uterine contractions and milk release -Immune system regulation
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Cortisol
-Low blood sugar levels or stress stimulate CRH secretion -CRH stimulates anterior pituitary to release ACTH -ACTH releases cortisol Once cortisol levels are optimal it inhibits CRH and ACTH
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UNCC Anatomy 2 Chapter 18 Flashcards - Cram.com
-Metabolism -Control of food intake and digestion -Tissue maturation -Ion Regulation -Water Balance -Heart Rate and blood pressure recognition -Control of blood glucose and other nutrients -Control of reproductive functions -Uterine contractions and milk release -Immune system regulation
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Cortisol Effects
-Increases fat and protein breakdown -Increase glucose synthesis from amino acids -Decreases the inflammatory response
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UNCC Anatomy 2 Chapter 18 Flashcards - Cram.com
-Metabolism -Control of food intake and digestion -Tissue maturation -Ion Regulation -Water Balance -Heart Rate and blood pressure recognition -Control of blood glucose and other nutrients -Control of reproductive functions -Uterine contractions and milk release -Immune system regulation
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The Zona Reticularis
Secretes androgens. In females androgens stimulate axillary and pubic hair growth and sex drive.
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UNCC Anatomy 2 Chapter 18 Flashcards - Cram.com
-Metabolism -Control of food intake and digestion -Tissue maturation -Ion Regulation -Water Balance -Heart Rate and blood pressure recognition -Control of blood glucose and other nutrients -Control of reproductive functions -Uterine contractions and milk release -Immune system regulation
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Pancreas
Located along the small intestine and stomach Both an exocrine and endocrine gland
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UNCC Anatomy 2 Chapter 18 Flashcards - Cram.com
-Metabolism -Control of food intake and digestion -Tissue maturation -Ion Regulation -Water Balance -Heart Rate and blood pressure recognition -Control of blood glucose and other nutrients -Control of reproductive functions -Uterine contractions and milk release -Immune system regulation
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Pancreas(exocrine portion)
Consists of a complex duct system ending in small sacs called acini(grape-like) that produce pancreatic digestive juices.
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UNCC Anatomy 2 Chapter 18 Flashcards - Cram.com
-Metabolism -Control of food intake and digestion -Tissue maturation -Ion Regulation -Water Balance -Heart Rate and blood pressure recognition -Control of blood glucose and other nutrients -Control of reproductive functions -Uterine contractions and milk release -Immune system regulation
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Pancreas(endocrine)
Consists of pancreatic islets. Each islet is composed of: -alpha cells, which secrete glucagon -beta cells, which secrete insulin -delta cells, which secrete somatostatin
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UNCC Anatomy 2 Chapter 18 Flashcards - Cram.com
-Metabolism -Control of food intake and digestion -Tissue maturation -Ion Regulation -Water Balance -Heart Rate and blood pressure recognition -Control of blood glucose and other nutrients -Control of reproductive functions -Uterine contractions and milk release -Immune system regulation
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Insulin
target tissues are the liver, adipose tissue, muscle, and hunger sensation in the hypothalamus -insulin increases uptake of glucose and amino acids by cells
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UNCC Anatomy 2 Chapter 18 Flashcards - Cram.com
-Metabolism -Control of food intake and digestion -Tissue maturation -Ion Regulation -Water Balance -Heart Rate and blood pressure recognition -Control of blood glucose and other nutrients -Control of reproductive functions -Uterine contractions and milk release -Immune system regulation
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Glucose
Is used for energy or stored as glycogen -Amino acids are used for energy or are converted to glucose or proteins
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UNCC Anatomy 2 Chapter 18 Flashcards - Cram.com
-Metabolism -Control of food intake and digestion -Tissue maturation -Ion Regulation -Water Balance -Heart Rate and blood pressure recognition -Control of blood glucose and other nutrients -Control of reproductive functions -Uterine contractions and milk release -Immune system regulation
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Glucagon("Glucose-gone")
Target tissue is mainly the liver -causes breakdown of glycogen and fats for use as an energy source
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UNCC Anatomy 2 Chapter 18 Flashcards - Cram.com
-Metabolism -Control of food intake and digestion -Tissue maturation -Ion Regulation -Water Balance -Heart Rate and blood pressure recognition -Control of blood glucose and other nutrients -Control of reproductive functions -Uterine contractions and milk release -Immune system regulation
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Insulin Secretion
Increases because of -elevated blood glucose levels -an increase in some amino acids -parasympathetic stimulation, and gastrointestinal hormones Sympathetic stimulation decreases insulin secretion
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UNCC Anatomy 2 Chapter 18 Flashcards - Cram.com
-Metabolism -Control of food intake and digestion -Tissue maturation -Ion Regulation -Water Balance -Heart Rate and blood pressure recognition -Control of blood glucose and other nutrients -Control of reproductive functions -Uterine contractions and milk release -Immune system regulation
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Glucagon Secretion is stimulated by
-Low blood glucose levels -certain amino acids -sympathetic stimulation
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UNCC Anatomy 2 Chapter 18 Flashcards - Cram.com
-Metabolism -Control of food intake and digestion -Tissue maturation -Ion Regulation -Water Balance -Heart Rate and blood pressure recognition -Control of blood glucose and other nutrients -Control of reproductive functions -Uterine contractions and milk release -Immune system regulation
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Somatostatin
Inhibits insulin and glucagon secretion
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UNCC Anatomy 2 Chapter 18 Flashcards - Cram.com
-Metabolism -Control of food intake and digestion -Tissue maturation -Ion Regulation -Water Balance -Heart Rate and blood pressure recognition -Control of blood glucose and other nutrients -Control of reproductive functions -Uterine contractions and milk release -Immune system regulation
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Immediately after a meal
-High glucose levels inhibit glucagon, cortisol, GH, and epinephrine, reducing the release of glucose from tissues. -Insulin secretion increases, increasing the uptake of glucose, amino acids, and fats are used for energy or stored
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UNCC Anatomy 2 Chapter 18 Flashcards - Cram.com
-Metabolism -Control of food intake and digestion -Tissue maturation -Ion Regulation -Water Balance -Heart Rate and blood pressure recognition -Control of blood glucose and other nutrients -Control of reproductive functions -Uterine contractions and milk release -Immune system regulation
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Many hours after a meal
1. Blood glucose levels decrease 2. Glucagon, GH, cortisol and epinephrine levels increase 3. Insulin decreases, glucose is released from tissues 4. Adipose tissue releases fatty acids, triglycerides and ketones, for energy
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UNCC Anatomy 2 Chapter 18 Flashcards - Cram.com
-Metabolism -Control of food intake and digestion -Tissue maturation -Ion Regulation -Water Balance -Heart Rate and blood pressure recognition -Control of blood glucose and other nutrients -Control of reproductive functions -Uterine contractions and milk release -Immune system regulation
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During Short Term Exercise
Short term: -Increased Sympathetic stimulation -Increased E and Glucagon -Decreased Insulin -Glycogen is broken down and glucose released -Increased breakdown of fat
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UNCC Anatomy 2 Chapter 18 Flashcards - Cram.com
-Metabolism -Control of food intake and digestion -Tissue maturation -Ion Regulation -Water Balance -Heart Rate and blood pressure recognition -Control of blood glucose and other nutrients -Control of reproductive functions -Uterine contractions and milk release -Immune system regulation
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Prolonged Exercise(2 hours or more)
-ACTH, Cortisol, and GH released -Increased protein breakdown in muscle -Increased breakdown of fat
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UNCC Anatomy 2 Chapter 18 Flashcards - Cram.com
-Metabolism -Control of food intake and digestion -Tissue maturation -Ion Regulation -Water Balance -Heart Rate and blood pressure recognition -Control of blood glucose and other nutrients -Control of reproductive functions -Uterine contractions and milk release -Immune system regulation
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Testosterone(Male)
-Released from interstitial cells of testes -Targets most cells -Response- secondary sexual characteristics and sperm production
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UNCC Anatomy 2 Chapter 18 Flashcards - Cram.com
-Metabolism -Control of food intake and digestion -Tissue maturation -Ion Regulation -Water Balance -Heart Rate and blood pressure recognition -Control of blood glucose and other nutrients -Control of reproductive functions -Uterine contractions and milk release -Immune system regulation
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Inhibin(Male)
-Released from sertoli cells of testes -Targets anterior pituitary -Inhibits release of FSH
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UNCC Anatomy 2 Chapter 18 Flashcards - Cram.com
-Metabolism -Control of food intake and digestion -Tissue maturation -Ion Regulation -Water Balance -Heart Rate and blood pressure recognition -Control of blood glucose and other nutrients -Control of reproductive functions -Uterine contractions and milk release -Immune system regulation
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Estrogen(Female)
-Released form ovaries -Target most cells -Secondary sexual charateristics
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UNCC Anatomy 2 Chapter 18 Flashcards - Cram.com
-Metabolism -Control of food intake and digestion -Tissue maturation -Ion Regulation -Water Balance -Heart Rate and blood pressure recognition -Control of blood glucose and other nutrients -Control of reproductive functions -Uterine contractions and milk release -Immune system regulation
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Erysipelas (St. Anthony's fire) 1. Cause 2. Description 3. MC locations 4. tx
Erysipelas (St. Anthony's fire) 1. GABHS 2. unilateral, erythematous patch, sharply demarcated, hot; HALLMARK = raised border & peau d'organge 3. face, scalp, legs, abdomen, lymphangitis 4. PO/parenteral PCN, macrolides
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UNCC Anatomy 2 Chapter 18 Flashcards - Cram.com
-Metabolism -Control of food intake and digestion -Tissue maturation -Ion Regulation -Water Balance -Heart Rate and blood pressure recognition -Control of blood glucose and other nutrients -Control of reproductive functions -Uterine contractions and milk release -Immune system regulation
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Inhibin(Female)
-Released from ovaries -Targets anterior pituitary -Inhibits release of FSH
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UNCC Anatomy 2 Chapter 18 Flashcards - Cram.com
-Metabolism -Control of food intake and digestion -Tissue maturation -Ion Regulation -Water Balance -Heart Rate and blood pressure recognition -Control of blood glucose and other nutrients -Control of reproductive functions -Uterine contractions and milk release -Immune system regulation
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Relaxin(Female)
-Released from ovaries -Targets connective tissue cells -Increase flexibility of connective tissue in pelvis
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UNCC Anatomy 2 Chapter 18 Flashcards - Cram.com
-Metabolism -Control of food intake and digestion -Tissue maturation -Ion Regulation -Water Balance -Heart Rate and blood pressure recognition -Control of blood glucose and other nutrients -Control of reproductive functions -Uterine contractions and milk release -Immune system regulation
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/uncc-anatomy-2-chapter-18-2077343
43/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00284-ip-10-236-191-2_389373494_0.json
feba1f3c_apter_18_Flashcards___Cram_com__ease__Immune_system_regulation
Melatonin
-Released from Pineal Gland -Targets the hypothalamus -Inhibits GnRH -lights inhibit melatonin
[]
UNCC Anatomy 2 Chapter 18 Flashcards - Cram.com
-Metabolism -Control of food intake and digestion -Tissue maturation -Ion Regulation -Water Balance -Heart Rate and blood pressure recognition -Control of blood glucose and other nutrients -Control of reproductive functions -Uterine contractions and milk release -Immune system regulation
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/uncc-anatomy-2-chapter-18-2077343
43/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00284-ip-10-236-191-2_389373494_0.json
feba1f3c_apter_18_Flashcards___Cram_com__ease__Immune_system_regulation
Thymosin
-targets the immune tissue(lymphocytes) and is involved in the development of the immune system
[]
UNCC Anatomy 2 Chapter 18 Flashcards - Cram.com
-Metabolism -Control of food intake and digestion -Tissue maturation -Ion Regulation -Water Balance -Heart Rate and blood pressure recognition -Control of blood glucose and other nutrients -Control of reproductive functions -Uterine contractions and milk release -Immune system regulation
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/uncc-anatomy-2-chapter-18-2077343
43/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00284-ip-10-236-191-2_389373494_0.json
2f8a1496_ipc_Flashcards___Cram_com__le_who_share_a_common_language
[speech community] Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
a theory starting that language shapes how people think and perceive
[]
ipc Flashcards - Cram.com
a group of people who share a common language
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/ipc-1763997
43/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00234-ip-10-236-191-2_393177316_0.json
2f8a1496_ipc_Flashcards___Cram_com__le_who_share_a_common_language
[speech community] denotation,
the direct explicit meaning of a word found in a dictionary
[]
ipc Flashcards - Cram.com
a group of people who share a common language
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/ipc-1763997
43/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00234-ip-10-236-191-2_393177316_0.json
2f8a1496_ipc_Flashcards___Cram_com__le_who_share_a_common_language
[speech community] connotation
the feeling or evaluations we personally associate with a word
[]
ipc Flashcards - Cram.com
a group of people who share a common language
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/ipc-1763997
43/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00234-ip-10-236-191-2_393177316_0.json
2f8a1496_ipc_Flashcards___Cram_com__le_who_share_a_common_language
[speech community] coordinated management of meaning
theory explain how people come to agree on the rules of meaning in an interaction
[]
ipc Flashcards - Cram.com
a group of people who share a common language
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/ipc-1763997
43/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00234-ip-10-236-191-2_393177316_0.json
2f8a1496_ipc_Flashcards___Cram_com__le_who_share_a_common_language
[speech community] low-context
culture in which messages are expected to be direct specific and detailed
[]
ipc Flashcards - Cram.com
a group of people who share a common language
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/ipc-1763997
43/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00234-ip-10-236-191-2_393177316_0.json
2f8a1496_ipc_Flashcards___Cram_com__le_who_share_a_common_language
[speech community] high-context
culture in which messages are indirect general and ambiguous
[]
ipc Flashcards - Cram.com
a group of people who share a common language
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/ipc-1763997
43/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00234-ip-10-236-191-2_393177316_0.json
2f8a1496_ipc_Flashcards___Cram_com__le_who_share_a_common_language
[speech community] high power-distance culture
culture in which power is distributed unequally
[]
ipc Flashcards - Cram.com
a group of people who share a common language
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/ipc-1763997
43/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00234-ip-10-236-191-2_393177316_0.json
2f8a1496_ipc_Flashcards___Cram_com__le_who_share_a_common_language
[speech community] low power-distance cultures
culture in which power is distributed equally
[]
ipc Flashcards - Cram.com
a group of people who share a common language
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/ipc-1763997
43/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00234-ip-10-236-191-2_393177316_0.json
2f8a1496_ipc_Flashcards___Cram_com__le_who_share_a_common_language
[speech community] communication accommodation theory
theory explaining how people adjust their language patterns to accommodate their partners during communication
[]
ipc Flashcards - Cram.com
a group of people who share a common language
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/ipc-1763997
43/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00234-ip-10-236-191-2_393177316_0.json
2f8a1496_ipc_Flashcards___Cram_com__le_who_share_a_common_language
[speech community] convergence
adapting to the language style of our partner
[]
ipc Flashcards - Cram.com
a group of people who share a common language
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/ipc-1763997
43/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00234-ip-10-236-191-2_393177316_0.json
2f8a1496_ipc_Flashcards___Cram_com__le_who_share_a_common_language
[speech community] divergence.
consciously speaking in a lanuage style diff. from that of our partner
[]
ipc Flashcards - Cram.com
a group of people who share a common language
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/ipc-1763997
43/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00234-ip-10-236-191-2_393177316_0.json
2f8a1496_ipc_Flashcards___Cram_com__le_who_share_a_common_language
[speech community] culture
the system of belifes values and attitudes shared by a particular segment of a population
[]
ipc Flashcards - Cram.com
a group of people who share a common language
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/ipc-1763997
43/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00234-ip-10-236-191-2_393177316_0.json
2f8a1496_ipc_Flashcards___Cram_com__le_who_share_a_common_language
[speech community] culture shock
psychological discomfort of adjusting to a new cultural situation
[]
ipc Flashcards - Cram.com
a group of people who share a common language
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/ipc-1763997
43/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00234-ip-10-236-191-2_393177316_0.json
2f8a1496_ipc_Flashcards___Cram_com__le_who_share_a_common_language
[speech community] intercultural communication
interactions that occur between people whose cultures are so diff. that the communication between them is altered
[]
ipc Flashcards - Cram.com
a group of people who share a common language
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/ipc-1763997
43/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00234-ip-10-236-191-2_393177316_0.json
2f8a1496_ipc_Flashcards___Cram_com__le_who_share_a_common_language
[speech community] individualistic culture
the extent to which people in a culture are integrated into groups
[]
ipc Flashcards - Cram.com
a group of people who share a common language
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/ipc-1763997
43/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00234-ip-10-236-191-2_393177316_0.json
2f8a1496_ipc_Flashcards___Cram_com__le_who_share_a_common_language
[speech community] collectivist culture.
a culture that emphasizes community collaborations shared interests harmony the public good and avoiding embarrassment
[]
ipc Flashcards - Cram.com
a group of people who share a common language
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/ipc-1763997
43/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00234-ip-10-236-191-2_393177316_0.json
2f8a1496_ipc_Flashcards___Cram_com__le_who_share_a_common_language
[speech community] low uncertainty-avoidance culture
a cluture characterized as being accepting and having a low need to control unpredictable people telationships or events
[]
ipc Flashcards - Cram.com
a group of people who share a common language
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/ipc-1763997
43/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00234-ip-10-236-191-2_393177316_0.json