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d7a86489_ls_Eye_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [..] • Each vial of dantrolene contains 20 mg with 3 g of mannitol; the vial should be mixed with 50 mL of warmed, bacteriostatic sterile distilled water (not saline solution). • It is important to store sterile water in clearly labeled containers of a different size from that used for routine intravenous solutions. • ... | How much dantrolene is found in each vial of dantrolene? How must each vial of dantrolene be prepared? | [] | Bulls Eye 1 Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bulls-eye-1-2031673 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00172-ip-10-236-191-2_386883840_0.json |
d7a86489_ls_Eye_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [..] • The half-life of dantrolene is approximately 10 hours, therefore dantrolene should be re-administered at least every 10 to 15 hours for at least one and possibly several doses. • Barash and Stoelting say dantrolene should be supplemented every 6 hours for at least 24 hours following the clinical episode. • Summa... | You have successfully treated an acute episode of malignant hyperthermia with dantrolene sodium. Dantrolene should be re-administered at what intervals for how often? | [] | Bulls Eye 1 Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bulls-eye-1-2031673 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00172-ip-10-236-191-2_386883840_0.json |
d7a86489_ls_Eye_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [..] • (1) Anesthesia and premedication should be designed to produce a low normal heart rate. Standard premedicant drugs such as opioids, benzodiazepines, ataractics, barbiturates, antihistamines, and anticholinergics do not cause problems in MH-susceptible patients when administered in appropriate doses, • (2) the an... | During the preoperative assessment of the patient, you discover a positive family history for malignant hyperthermia. What six steps need to be taken to manage this patient? Are nondepolarizing muscle relaxants safe in this patient? | [] | Bulls Eye 1 Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bulls-eye-1-2031673 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00172-ip-10-236-191-2_386883840_0.json |
d7a86489_ls_Eye_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [..] • Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) has many features in common with malignant hyperthermia but the mode of onset and recovery are quite different. • MS typically develops over 24 to 72 hours, whereas malignant hyperthermia develops acutely. • NMS presents as a hypermetabolic episode consisting of hyperthermia,... | What syndrome can mimic malignant hyperthermia? | [] | Bulls Eye 1 Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bulls-eye-1-2031673 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00172-ip-10-236-191-2_386883840_0.json |
d7a86489_ls_Eye_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [..] Superior rectus -Supraduction of orbit -("look up") -CN III (oculomotor) Inferior rectus -Infraduction of orbit -("look down") -CN III (oculomotor) Medial rectus -Adduction of orbit -(“look inward”) -CN III (oculomotor) Lateral rectus -Abduction of orbit -“look outward” -CN VI (abducens) Superior oblique Intorsion... | List the six (6) orbital muscles, their function, and their motor innervation. | [] | Bulls Eye 1 Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bulls-eye-1-2031673 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00172-ip-10-236-191-2_386883840_0.json |
d7a86489_ls_Eye_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [..] • Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) results from treatment with a variety of antipsychotic agents, including phenothiazines, haloperidol and other potent antipsychotics. • NMS following antipsychotic drug therapy presumably reflects dopamine depletion in the CNS. [1] | Patients treated with what drugs are susceptible to neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS)? | [] | Bulls Eye 1 Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bulls-eye-1-2031673 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00172-ip-10-236-191-2_386883840_0.json |
d7a86489_ls_Eye_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [..] • Myotonia dystrophy (Steinert's disease, myotonic atrophica) is a multisystem disease that usually manifests as facial weakness (expressionless facies), wasting and weakness of the sternocleidomastoid muscles, ptosis, dysarthria, dysphagia, and inability to relax the handgrip (myotonia). • Frontal balding, catara... | What are the clinical manifestations of myotonic dystrophy (Steinert's disease)? | [] | Bulls Eye 1 Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bulls-eye-1-2031673 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00172-ip-10-236-191-2_386883840_0.json |
d7a86489_ls_Eye_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [..] • Myotonic dystrophy (MD) is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait and usually manifests in the second or third decade of life. Myotonic dystrophies are characterized by persistent contracture (myotonia) after voluntary contracture of skeletal muscle or following electrical stimulation. • Electromyographic find... | Identify the genetic pattern of inheritance for myotonic dystrophy and describe the pathophysiology of this group of degenerative diseases. | [] | Bulls Eye 1 Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bulls-eye-1-2031673 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00172-ip-10-236-191-2_386883840_0.json |
d7a86489_ls_Eye_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [..] • Preoperative evaluation and management of anesthesia in patients with myotonic dystrophy must consider the likelihood of › (1) cardiomyopathy › (2) respiratory muscle weakness and sensitivity to respiratory depressants › (3) vulnerability to aspiration of gastric contents › (4) potential for abnormal responses t... | What four anesthetic concerns should you have for the patient with myotonic dystrophy? | [] | Bulls Eye 1 Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bulls-eye-1-2031673 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00172-ip-10-236-191-2_386883840_0.json |
d7a86489_ls_Eye_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [..] • Succinylcholine should not be used in the patient with myotonic dystrophy because succinylcholine can produce intense generalized myotonic contracture that makes ventilation or intubation difficult or impossible. [1] | Should succinylcholine be used in the anesthetic management of the patient with myotonic dystrophy? | [] | Bulls Eye 1 Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bulls-eye-1-2031673 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00172-ip-10-236-191-2_386883840_0.json |
d7a86489_ls_Eye_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [..] • Treatment of myotonic dystrophy is symptomatic and may include the use of phenytoin, quinine, and procainamide. These agents delay the return of membrane excitation by blocking rapid sodium (Na') influx into muscles. Quinine and procainamide should be used with caution as they may worsen cardiac conduction abnor... | What is the medical management of the patient with myotonic dystrophy? | [] | Bulls Eye 1 Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bulls-eye-1-2031673 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00172-ip-10-236-191-2_386883840_0.json |
d7a86489_ls_Eye_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [..] • Myasthenia gravis is characterized by weakness and easy fatigability of skeletal muscles. • The weakness can be asymmetric, confined to one group of muscles, or generalized. • Easy fatigability of skeletal muscle in myasthenia gravis is caused by autoimmune destruction of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors at the... | Myasthenia gravis is characterized by what symptoms? What is the cause of these symptoms? | [] | Bulls Eye 1 Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bulls-eye-1-2031673 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00172-ip-10-236-191-2_386883840_0.json |
d7a86489_ls_Eye_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [..] • The most common onset of myasthenia gravis is ocular. Ptosis and diplopia result. • If the disease remains localized to the eyes for 2 years, the likelihood of progression to generalized MG is low. [1] | Onset of myasthenia gravis (MG) is slow and insidious and any skeletal muscle group may be involved. Onset is most common in which muscles? | [] | Bulls Eye 1 Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bulls-eye-1-2031673 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00172-ip-10-236-191-2_386883840_0.json |
d7a86489_ls_Eye_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [..] • In ambulatory individuals, serum TSH is currently the best initial screen for thyroid function. [1] | What is the best initial test of thyroid function in ambulatory individuals? | [] | Bulls Eye 1 Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bulls-eye-1-2031673 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00172-ip-10-236-191-2_386883840_0.json |
d7a86489_ls_Eye_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [..] • Calcitonin is a polypeptide hormone secreted from the parafollicular cells (C cells) of the thyroid gland. • Calcitonin has a quantitatively weak role in calcium homeostasis in the adult. [1] | Calcitonin is released from what organ? Is calcitonin a weak or a strong regulator of calcium? | [] | Bulls Eye 1 Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bulls-eye-1-2031673 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00172-ip-10-236-191-2_386883840_0.json |
d7a86489_ls_Eye_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [..] • Calcitonin tends to decrease plasma concentration of calcium ions, due to a decreased activity of osteoclasts (bone breakdown) and an increased activity of osteoblasts (bone deposition). • In general, calcitonin has opposite effects to those of parathyroid hormone (PTH). [1] | What is the major physiologic action of calcitonin? | [] | Bulls Eye 1 Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bulls-eye-1-2031673 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00172-ip-10-236-191-2_386883840_0.json |
d7a86489_ls_Eye_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [..] • Insulin is produced in the beta cells of the pancreatic islets (of Langerhans), as you know. • Venous blood from the pancreatic islets drains into the hepatic portal vein, via the pancreatic vein, and then into the general circulation. [1] | In what vessels would you find the highest concentration of insulin? | [] | Bulls Eye 1 Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bulls-eye-1-2031673 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00172-ip-10-236-191-2_386883840_0.json |
d7a86489_ls_Eye_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [..] • Aldosterone is synthesized in the zona glomerulosa alone because this zona is the only one to contain aldosterone synthase. [1] | Which zona of the adrenal cortex is the only one capable of synthesizing aldosterone? Why is this true? | [] | Bulls Eye 1 Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bulls-eye-1-2031673 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00172-ip-10-236-191-2_386883840_0.json |
d7a86489_ls_Eye_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [..] • The zona fasciculata and zona reticularis can synthesize the corticosteroids, cortisol and corticosterone, because they contain the necessary enzyme, 17-a-hydroxylase for synthesis. [1] | Which two zonae of the adrenal cortex can synthesize cortisol and corticosterone? Why? | [] | Bulls Eye 1 Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bulls-eye-1-2031673 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00172-ip-10-236-191-2_386883840_0.json |
d7a86489_ls_Eye_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [..] • The normal adrenal gland can secrete 20 mg/day of cortisol and may secrete up to 200-500 mg/day during stress. NB: Both the Barash 2009 Handbook and textbook incorrectly state daily cortisol = 200 mg. • Normal daily 20mg /day cortisol • Stress 200-500 mg/day cortisol [1] | How much daily cortisol is normally secreted from the adrenal glands? How much during stress? | [] | Bulls Eye 1 Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bulls-eye-1-2031673 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00172-ip-10-236-191-2_386883840_0.json |
d7a86489_ls_Eye_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [..] • Low-dose (physiologic) supplemental steroid coverage: cortisol 25 mg IV before induction of anesthesia followed by continuous infusion, 100 mg IV over 24 hr. • Supraphysiologic coverage: cortisol 200-300 mg IV in divided doses on the day of surgery [1] | Perioperative supplemental steroid coverage regimens are either low-dose (physiologic) or high-dose (supraphysiologic). Describe each regimen. | [] | Bulls Eye 1 Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bulls-eye-1-2031673 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00172-ip-10-236-191-2_386883840_0.json |
d7a86489_ls_Eye_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [..] • Hallmarks of acute porphyria attacks are abdominal pain, nausea & vomiting, autonomic disturbances with sweating, tachycardia, sustained hypertension, and neurological manifestations including seizures and neuromuscular weakness. Attacks can be life-threatening and neurological manifestations may be permanent. [... | Identify the hallmarks of an acute porphyria attack. | [] | Bulls Eye 1 Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bulls-eye-1-2031673 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00172-ip-10-236-191-2_386883840_0.json |
d7a86489_ls_Eye_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [..] • Renal auto regulation is the mechanism by which the kidney maintains renal blood flow (RBF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) thus preserving solute and water regulation independently of wide fluctuations in blood pressure. • Renal auto regulation typically operates over mean arterial pressures ranging from 6... | Describe renal auto regulation. Which renal structure appears to mediate auto regulation? | [] | Bulls Eye 1 Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bulls-eye-1-2031673 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00172-ip-10-236-191-2_386883840_0.json |
d7a86489_ls_Eye_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [..] • The most plausible explanations for renal auto regulations are › (1) a myogenic response in which the arterioles constrict in response to increased arterial pressure and vice versa, and › (2) tubuloglomerular feedback by way of the juxtaglomerular apparatus. • The myogenic response theory states that increased w... | State and briefly describe two proposed mechanism for renal auto regulation. | [] | Bulls Eye 1 Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bulls-eye-1-2031673 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00172-ip-10-236-191-2_386883840_0.json |
d7a86489_ls_Eye_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [..] • The three major renal tubular functions are filtration, reabsorption, and secretion. Of these, reabsorption and secretion are active transport (ATP) processes that require energy from ATP hydrolysis. The major energy source for reabsorption of sodium, the key link to most renal transport processes, is activity o... | Identify the 3 major renal processes. Which of these functions require(s) energy (ATP)? | [] | Bulls Eye 1 Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bulls-eye-1-2031673 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00172-ip-10-236-191-2_386883840_0.json |
d7a86489_ls_Eye_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [..] • Approximately two-thirds of all reabsorption and secretory processes in renal tubules takes place in proximal tubules. [1] | Which nephron tubular segment is responsible for approximately two-thirds of all reabsorption and secretory processes? | [] | Bulls Eye 1 Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bulls-eye-1-2031673 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00172-ip-10-236-191-2_386883840_0.json |
d7a86489_ls_Eye_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [..] • A series of four similar peptides with natriuretic actions have been identified in the human. › (1) ANP (atrial or A- type) is released from atrial muscle in response to local wall stretch and increased atrial volume. › (2) BNP (brain or B-type) is released from ventricular muscle when distended. › (3) CNP (C-ty... | Identify four (4) natriuretic peptides and their sites of synthesis and release in the body. | [] | Bulls Eye 1 Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bulls-eye-1-2031673 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00172-ip-10-236-191-2_386883840_0.json |
d7a86489_ls_Eye_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [..] • All natriuretic peptides › induce arterial and venous dilation › increase renal blood flow (RBF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) › suppress the actions of norepinephrine, angiotensin, and endothelin. › inhibit renin secretion and decrease angiotensin II-stimulated aldosterone release. › inhibit sodium reabs... | Describe the common actions of all natriuretic peptides (ANP, BNP, CNP, urodilatin). | [] | Bulls Eye 1 Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bulls-eye-1-2031673 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00172-ip-10-236-191-2_386883840_0.json |
d7a86489_ls_Eye_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [..] • Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) mediates the cellular actions of natriuretic peptides. [1] | Identify the cyclic nucleotide second messenger that mediates the cellular actions of natriuretic peptides. | [] | Bulls Eye 1 Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bulls-eye-1-2031673 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00172-ip-10-236-191-2_386883840_0.json |
d7a86489_ls_Eye_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [..] • The sensitivity and specificity of fractional excretion of sodium of <1% in differentiating prerenal azotemia from acute tubular necrosis are 96% and 95%, respectively. • Sodium < 1% distinguish prerenal azotemia from ATN › Sensitivity 96% › Specificity 95% [1] | State the specificity and sensitivity of the fraction excretion of sodium in distinguishing between prerenal azotemia and acute tubular necrosis (renal azotemia). | [] | Bulls Eye 1 Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bulls-eye-1-2031673 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00172-ip-10-236-191-2_386883840_0.json |
d7a86489_ls_Eye_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [..] • The most important determinant of blood viscosity is the hematocrit. • A decrease in hematocrit decreases viscosity and can improve blood flow. • However, there is a concomitant decrease in oxygen-carrying capacity with decreased hematocrit and eventually impaired oxygen delivery. [1] | What is the most important determinant of blood viscosity? | [] | Bulls Eye 1 Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bulls-eye-1-2031673 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00172-ip-10-236-191-2_386883840_0.json |
d7a86489_ls_Eye_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [..] • GPIIb/IIIa is platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa, otherwise known as platelet fibrinogen receptor. • Upon activation, GPIIb/IIIa binds circulating fibrinogen and promotes platelet aggregation, leading to a primary platelet plug, or white thrombus. [1] | What is GPIIb/IIIa? | [] | Bulls Eye 1 Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bulls-eye-1-2031673 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00172-ip-10-236-191-2_386883840_0.json |
d7a86489_ls_Eye_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [..] • Transfusions of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) are indicated for: › (1) isolated coagulation factor deficiencies › (2) reversal of warfarin therapy › (3) correction of coagulopathies associated with liver disease › (4) after massive transfusions with continued bleeding even after platelet transfusions. [1] | Identify 4 general indications to administer fresh frozen plasma (FFP). | [] | Bulls Eye 1 Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bulls-eye-1-2031673 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00172-ip-10-236-191-2_386883840_0.json |
d7a86489_ls_Eye_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [..] • Virchow's triad is a group of three primary abnormalities in hemostasis that lead to thrombus formation. • Virchow's triad is › (1) endothelial injury › (2) stasis or turbulent blood flow › (3) hypercoagulability of the blood [1] | Describe Virchow's triad. | [] | Bulls Eye 1 Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bulls-eye-1-2031673 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00172-ip-10-236-191-2_386883840_0.json |
d7a86489_ls_Eye_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [..] • The pyloric sphincter is a short, relative poor barrier of smooth muscle between the stomach and the duodenum. [1] | What type of muscle is the pyloric sphincter? | [] | Bulls Eye 1 Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bulls-eye-1-2031673 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00172-ip-10-236-191-2_386883840_0.json |
d7a86489_ls_Eye_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [..] • The tunica muscularis of the gastrointestinal tract is comprised of two layers of smooth muscle: the inner layer is circular, the outer layer is longitudinal. • Specialized circular muscles are called sphincters. [1] | What type of muscle is found in the gastrointestinal tract? Identify the arrangement of this muscle in the GI tract. | [] | Bulls Eye 1 Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bulls-eye-1-2031673 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00172-ip-10-236-191-2_386883840_0.json |
d7a86489_ls_Eye_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [..] • Anorexia nervosa is characterized by hypokalemia, hyponatremia, hypochloremia, and metabolic alkalosis as a result of vomiting and laxative & diuretic abuse. [1] | List the electrolyte disturbances associated with anorexia nervosa. | [] | Bulls Eye 1 Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bulls-eye-1-2031673 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00172-ip-10-236-191-2_386883840_0.json |
d7a86489_ls_Eye_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [..] • Acquired immunity is the result of lymphocyte activity and is classified into › humoral › cell-mediated [1] | Identify the two types of acquired immunity. | [] | Bulls Eye 1 Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bulls-eye-1-2031673 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00172-ip-10-236-191-2_386883840_0.json |
d7a86489_ls_Eye_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [..] • Humoral immunity is mediated by B lymphocytes whereas T lymphocytes are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. • B lymphocytes get their name from the original discovery of these cells in the bursa of birds. • T lymphocytes are so-named due to their pre-processing and maturation in the thymus gland. [1] | What specific lymphocyte class mediates humoral immunity? Cell-mediated immunity? | [] | Bulls Eye 1 Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bulls-eye-1-2031673 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00172-ip-10-236-191-2_386883840_0.json |
d7a86489_ls_Eye_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [..] • Differentiated (mature) B lymphocytes may be either › memory cells or › plasma cells. • Mature T lymphocytes are either › T-helper (CD4), › T-suppressor (CD8), › T-cytotoxic/killer (CD8), or › T-memory cells. [1] | List two types of mature B lymphocytes and 4 types of mature T lymphocytes. | [] | Bulls Eye 1 Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bulls-eye-1-2031673 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00172-ip-10-236-191-2_386883840_0.json |
d7a86489_ls_Eye_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [..] • Mature B lymphocyte plasma cells are the source of the gamma globulins known as immunoglobulins. [1] | Which lymphocytes are the source of immunoglobulins (Ig)? | [] | Bulls Eye 1 Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bulls-eye-1-2031673 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00172-ip-10-236-191-2_386883840_0.json |
d7a86489_ls_Eye_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [..] • The 5 classes of immunoglobulins are IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, and IgE, collectively accounting for approximately 20% of total serum proteins. • G-A-M-E-D [1] | List the 5 types of immunoglobulins in the serum. Approximately what percentage of total serum proteins are immunoglobulins? | [] | Bulls Eye 1 Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bulls-eye-1-2031673 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00172-ip-10-236-191-2_386883840_0.json |
d7a86489_ls_Eye_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [..] • Hypothermia prolongs the refractory period of excitable tissues. In the heart, a prolonged refractory period leads to sinus bradycardia and conduction deficits, which may progress to atrioventricular block and eventually ventricular fibrillation. [1] | During an aorto-femoral bypass, the patient becomes hypothermic; what cardiac arrhythmia is likely? | [] | Bulls Eye 1 Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bulls-eye-1-2031673 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00172-ip-10-236-191-2_386883840_0.json |
d7a86489_ls_Eye_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [..] • The main alterations in lung mechanics of the patient with end-stage scoliosis are reduced lung volumes (VC, TLC, FRC, and RV-all restrictive process features) and reduced chest wall compliance. • In the late stages of scoliosis, V/Q mismatching with hypoxia (due to alveolar hypoventilation), increased PAP, hype... | Describe the pulmonary mechanics alterations that occur in the patient with end stage scoliosis. | [] | Bulls Eye 1 Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bulls-eye-1-2031673 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00172-ip-10-236-191-2_386883840_0.json |
d7a86489_ls_Eye_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [..] • A "low risk" of postoperative disability following lung resection is predicted when: › (1) FEVI> 2 L › (2) MVV > 50% predicted › (3) predicted postoperative FEV1> 0.8 L and is 40% of predicted value › (4) RV/TLC <50% › (5) cardiac disease is absent [1] | The patient is scheduled for lung resection. Identify five findings that would reflect "low risk" postoperative disability. | [] | Bulls Eye 1 Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bulls-eye-1-2031673 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00172-ip-10-236-191-2_386883840_0.json |
d7a86489_ls_Eye_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [..] • A dose-response curve depicts the relationship between the dose of a drug administered (x-axis) and the resulting pharmacologic effect (y-axis). [1] | What is a dose-response curve? | [] | Bulls Eye 1 Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bulls-eye-1-2031673 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00172-ip-10-236-191-2_386883840_0.json |
d7a86489_ls_Eye_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [..] • Dose-response curves are characterized by differences in › (1) potency › (2) slope › (3) efficacy › (4) individual variability. • The potency of a drug is depicted by its location along the dose axis (usually the x-axis) of the dose-response curve. Increased affinity of a drug for its receptor shifts the curve t... | List four (4) descriptive characteristics of a dose-response curve. | [] | Bulls Eye 1 Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bulls-eye-1-2031673 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00172-ip-10-236-191-2_386883840_0.json |
d7a86489_ls_Eye_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [..] • The slope of the dose-response curve indicates the number of receptors that must be occupied (bound) before a drug effect occurs. • A steep dose response curve slope means that a majority of the receptors must be bound before a relevant effect occurs. • Neuromuscular blocking drugs and inhaled anesthetics dose-r... | What does the slope of a dose-response curve reveal about the drug? | [] | Bulls Eye 1 Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bulls-eye-1-2031673 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00172-ip-10-236-191-2_386883840_0.json |
d7a86489_ls_Eye_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [..] • Efficacy is a measure of the intrinsic ability of a drug to produce a given physiologic or clinical effect. In other words, the maximal effect of a drug reflects its intrinsic activity, or efficacy. • A drug's efficacy is depicted by the plateau of the dose-response curve. A higher plateau correlates with a grea... | Define drug efficacy. Which feature of a dose-response curve indicates the efficacy of a drug? | [] | Bulls Eye 1 Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bulls-eye-1-2031673 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00172-ip-10-236-191-2_386883840_0.json |
d7a86489_ls_Eye_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [..] The presence of a competitive antagonist (inhibitor) would shift the dose response curve to the right, with no change in the efficacy (plateau) or slope. The rightward shift is caused by competition for the same number of receptors. [1] | Describe how the presence of a competitive antagonist would alter a dose-response curve of a drug. | [] | Bulls Eye 1 Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bulls-eye-1-2031673 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00172-ip-10-236-191-2_386883840_0.json |
d7a86489_ls_Eye_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [..] • The presence of a noncompetitive antagonist (inhibitor) would shift the curve rightward and downward, with a decrease in the slope of the curve. The changes occur because a maximal effect cannot be achieved in the presence of a noncompetitive block. In other words, a noncompetitive block cannot be reversed by ex... | Describe how the presence of a noncompetitive antagonist would alter the dose response curve of a drug. | [] | Bulls Eye 1 Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bulls-eye-1-2031673 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00172-ip-10-236-191-2_386883840_0.json |
d7a86489_ls_Eye_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [..] • The Context-sensitive half-time describes the time necessary for the plasma drug concentration to decrease by 50% (or any other percent) after discontinuing a continuous infusion of a specific duration. • "Context" refers to the infusion duration. • Context-sensitive half-time, in contrast to elimination half-ti... | What is the "context-sensitive half-time" of a drug and how does it differ from elimination half-time? | [] | Bulls Eye 1 Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bulls-eye-1-2031673 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00172-ip-10-236-191-2_386883840_0.json |
d7a86489_ls_Eye_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [..] • The context-sensitive half-time describes only the time to a 50% decrease in the central compartment concentration, which may not correlate with the time to achieve recovery (awaken, for example). [1] | What is a substantial limitation to the context-sensitive half-time concept? | [] | Bulls Eye 1 Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bulls-eye-1-2031673 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00172-ip-10-236-191-2_386883840_0.json |
d7a86489_ls_Eye_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [..] • Nitrous oxide: N20 • Halothane: C2HBrClF3 • Enflurane: C3H2C1F50 • Isoflurane: C3H2ClF50 • Desflurane: C3H2F60 • Sevoflurane: C4H3F70 [1] | Give the chemical formula for each of the clinically useful inhaled anesthetic agents. For example nitrous oxide is N20. | [] | Bulls Eye 1 Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bulls-eye-1-2031673 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00172-ip-10-236-191-2_386883840_0.json |
d7a86489_ls_Eye_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [..] • Nitrous oxide: N=N-0 • Halothane: CF3CHBrCI • Enflurane: -CHF2-0-CF2-CHCIF • Isoflurane: -CHF2-0-CHCl-CF3 • Desflurane: -CHF2-0-CHF-CF3 • Sevoflurane: -CH2F-O-CH-(CF3)2 [1] | Write out the condensed structural formula for each of the clinically useful inhaled anesthetic agents. For example, nitrous oxide is N=N-0. | [] | Bulls Eye 1 Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bulls-eye-1-2031673 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00172-ip-10-236-191-2_386883840_0.json |
d7a86489_ls_Eye_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [..] • Halothane is Fluothane • enflurane is Ethrane • isoflurane is Forane • desflurane is Suprane • sevoflurane is Ultane [1] | State the trade names of each of the volatile inhaled agents. | [] | Bulls Eye 1 Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bulls-eye-1-2031673 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00172-ip-10-236-191-2_386883840_0.json |
d7a86489_ls_Eye_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [..] • Nitrous oxide: dinitrogen monoxide. • Halothane: 2-bromo-2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluroethane • Enflurane: 2-chloro-1,1,2,-trifluoroethydli fluoromethyl ether • Isoflurane: 1-chloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethydli fluoromethyl ether • Desflurane: difluoromethyl-1-fluoro-2,2,2 trifluoroethyl ether • Sevoflurane: fluoromethyl-2,2... | Give the IUPAC (International Union of Applied and Applied Chemistry) chemical names of each of the clinically useful inhaled names of each of the clinically useful inhaled names of each of the clinically useful inhaled anesthetic agents. | [] | Bulls Eye 1 Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bulls-eye-1-2031673 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00172-ip-10-236-191-2_386883840_0.json |
d7a86489_ls_Eye_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [..] • The functional group C-0-C is called an ether bond. A functional group is a set of atoms bonded together in a specific way. • C-O-C = ETHER [1] | Enflurane, isoflurane, desflurane and sevoflurane all have a "C-0-C" bond their structures. What is the name of the C-0-C functional group? | [] | Bulls Eye 1 Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bulls-eye-1-2031673 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00172-ip-10-236-191-2_386883840_0.json |
d7a86489_ls_Eye_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [..] • All of the volatile agents except halothane are ethers • Halothane IS NOT an ether [1] | Which of the clinically useful volatile inhaled agents are ethers? | [] | Bulls Eye 1 Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bulls-eye-1-2031673 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00172-ip-10-236-191-2_386883840_0.json |
d7a86489_ls_Eye_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [..] • Halothane is a halogenated alkane derivative. An alkane is a hydrocarbon containing all carbon-carbon single bonds (no double or triple bonds between carbon atoms). • Halothane is HALOGENATED ALKANE [1] | Halothane is not an ether; from what functional group is halothane derived? | [] | Bulls Eye 1 Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bulls-eye-1-2031673 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00172-ip-10-236-191-2_386883840_0.json |
d7a86489_ls_Eye_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [..] • Enflurane, isoflurane, and desflurane are methyl ethyl ethers. [1] | Which three modern volatile agents are methyl ethyl ethers? | [] | Bulls Eye 1 Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bulls-eye-1-2031673 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00172-ip-10-236-191-2_386883840_0.json |
d7a86489_ls_Eye_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [..] • Sevoflurane is fluorinated methyl isopropyl ether. [1] | If sevoflurane is not a methyl ethyl ether, what type of ether derivative is sevoflurane? | [] | Bulls Eye 1 Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bulls-eye-1-2031673 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00172-ip-10-236-191-2_386883840_0.json |
d7a86489_ls_Eye_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [..] • Enflurane and isoflurane are isomers of each other (the "iso" in isoflurane is a tip-off) [1] | Which two clinically useful volatile inhaled agents are isomers of each other? (Hint: recall that isomers have identical chemical formulas but different arrangements of the atoms...) | [] | Bulls Eye 1 Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bulls-eye-1-2031673 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00172-ip-10-236-191-2_386883840_0.json |
d7a86489_ls_Eye_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [..] • Halothane is the only brominated modern volatile anesthetic agent [1] | Which of the modern volatile anesthetic is the only one containing a bromine | [] | Bulls Eye 1 Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bulls-eye-1-2031673 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00172-ip-10-236-191-2_386883840_0.json |
d7a86489_ls_Eye_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [..] • Desflurane and sevoflurane are halogenated exclusively with fluorine. • Volatile agents halogenated exclusively with fluorine are less soluble in blood. [1] | Which two modern volatile agents have - only fluorine as the halogen substitutions? | [] | Bulls Eye 1 Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bulls-eye-1-2031673 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00172-ip-10-236-191-2_386883840_0.json |
d7a86489_ls_Eye_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [..] • Desflurane differs from isoflurane only by the substitution of a fluorine atom for the chlorine atom. • This one change increases the vapor pressure dramatically (669 mm-Hg for desflurane compared to 240 mm-Hg for isoflurane). [1] | Which modem volatile agent differs from isoflurane only in the replacement of the chlorine with fluorine? | [] | Bulls Eye 1 Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bulls-eye-1-2031673 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00172-ip-10-236-191-2_386883840_0.json |
d7a86489_ls_Eye_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [..] • (1) Presence of a closed pneumothorax • (2) tympanoplasty or other middle ear surgery • (3) pneumocephalus • (4) venous air embolism [1] | List four contraindications to the use of N2O. | [] | Bulls Eye 1 Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bulls-eye-1-2031673 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00172-ip-10-236-191-2_386883840_0.json |
d7a86489_ls_Eye_1_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [..] • Halothane and sevoflurane most depress the baroreceptor reflex (there are no increases in heart rate despite decreases in blood pressure with these agents). Depression of the baroreceptor response by sevoflurane is comparable to halothane. • In contrast, isoflurane and desflurane least depress the baroreceptor r... | Which volatile agents most depress the baroreceptor reflex, and which least depress it? | [] | Bulls Eye 1 Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bulls-eye-1-2031673 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00172-ip-10-236-191-2_386883840_0.json |
71e18fc6_apter_5__Flashcards___Cram_com__reciprocating_engine | rotary engine that extracts power from a fluid flow [reciprocating engine] | turbine | [] | Rotorcraft Flying Handbook 4 (Chapter 5) Flashcards - Cram.com | reciprocating engine | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/rotorcraft-flying-handbook-4-chapter-5-459709 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00197-ip-10-236-191-2_383795183_0.json |
71e18fc6_apter_5__Flashcards___Cram_com__reciprocating_engine | shaft turbine engine in which the compressor and power section are mounted on a common driveshaft [reciprocating engine] | direct-shaft turbine | [] | Rotorcraft Flying Handbook 4 (Chapter 5) Flashcards - Cram.com | reciprocating engine | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/rotorcraft-flying-handbook-4-chapter-5-459709 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00197-ip-10-236-191-2_383795183_0.json |
71e18fc6_apter_5__Flashcards___Cram_com__reciprocating_engine | a turboshaft engine with no physical connection between the compressor and power output shaft [reciprocating engine] | free turbine | [] | Rotorcraft Flying Handbook 4 (Chapter 5) Flashcards - Cram.com | reciprocating engine | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/rotorcraft-flying-handbook-4-chapter-5-459709 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00197-ip-10-236-191-2_383795183_0.json |
71e18fc6_apter_5__Flashcards___Cram_com__reciprocating_engine | a warning device that alerts to abnormal wear in a transmission or engine. consists of a magnetic plug that attracts any ferrous metal particles that may have come loose [reciprocating engine] | chip detector | [] | Rotorcraft Flying Handbook 4 (Chapter 5) Flashcards - Cram.com | reciprocating engine | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/rotorcraft-flying-handbook-4-chapter-5-459709 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00197-ip-10-236-191-2_383795183_0.json |
71e18fc6_apter_5__Flashcards___Cram_com__reciprocating_engine | a component of the transmission or power train that automatically disconnects the main rotor from the engine when the engine stops or slows below the equivalent rotor rpm [reciprocating engine] | freewheeling unit | [] | Rotorcraft Flying Handbook 4 (Chapter 5) Flashcards - Cram.com | reciprocating engine | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/rotorcraft-flying-handbook-4-chapter-5-459709 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00197-ip-10-236-191-2_383795183_0.json |
71e18fc6_apter_5__Flashcards___Cram_com__reciprocating_engine | transmits control inputs from the collective and cyclic controls to the main rotor blades [reciprocating engine] | swash plate | [] | Rotorcraft Flying Handbook 4 (Chapter 5) Flashcards - Cram.com | reciprocating engine | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/rotorcraft-flying-handbook-4-chapter-5-459709 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00197-ip-10-236-191-2_383795183_0.json |
71e18fc6_apter_5__Flashcards___Cram_com__reciprocating_engine | brings outside air into the engine, mixes it with fuel in the proper proportion, and delivers it to the combustion chamber [reciprocating engine] | fuel control system | [] | Rotorcraft Flying Handbook 4 (Chapter 5) Flashcards - Cram.com | reciprocating engine | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/rotorcraft-flying-handbook-4-chapter-5-459709 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00197-ip-10-236-191-2_383795183_0.json |
71e18fc6_apter_5__Flashcards___Cram_com__reciprocating_engine | low space that collects an often-undesirable liquid e.g. oil ~ [reciprocating engine] | sump | [] | Rotorcraft Flying Handbook 4 (Chapter 5) Flashcards - Cram.com | reciprocating engine | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/rotorcraft-flying-handbook-4-chapter-5-459709 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00197-ip-10-236-191-2_383795183_0.json |
71e18fc6_apter_5__Flashcards___Cram_com__reciprocating_engine | rpm gauge [reciprocating engine] | tachometer | [] | Rotorcraft Flying Handbook 4 (Chapter 5) Flashcards - Cram.com | reciprocating engine | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/rotorcraft-flying-handbook-4-chapter-5-459709 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00197-ip-10-236-191-2_383795183_0.json |
71e18fc6_apter_5__Flashcards___Cram_com__reciprocating_engine | a mechanism for transmitting rotation, which can be engaged or disengaged [reciprocating engine] | clutch | [] | Rotorcraft Flying Handbook 4 (Chapter 5) Flashcards - Cram.com | reciprocating engine | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/rotorcraft-flying-handbook-4-chapter-5-459709 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00197-ip-10-236-191-2_383795183_0.json |
71e18fc6_apter_5__Flashcards___Cram_com__reciprocating_engine | a one-way freewheel clutch [reciprocating engine] | sprag | [] | Rotorcraft Flying Handbook 4 (Chapter 5) Flashcards - Cram.com | reciprocating engine | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/rotorcraft-flying-handbook-4-chapter-5-459709 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00197-ip-10-236-191-2_383795183_0.json |
71e18fc6_apter_5__Flashcards___Cram_com__reciprocating_engine | a device that restrains the motion of a mechanism or brings a mechanism to rest [reciprocating engine] | damper | [] | Rotorcraft Flying Handbook 4 (Chapter 5) Flashcards - Cram.com | reciprocating engine | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/rotorcraft-flying-handbook-4-chapter-5-459709 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00197-ip-10-236-191-2_383795183_0.json |
71e18fc6_apter_5__Flashcards___Cram_com__reciprocating_engine | a device to permit constrained relative motion between two parts (typically rotation or linear movement) [reciprocating engine] | bearing | [] | Rotorcraft Flying Handbook 4 (Chapter 5) Flashcards - Cram.com | reciprocating engine | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/rotorcraft-flying-handbook-4-chapter-5-459709 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00197-ip-10-236-191-2_383795183_0.json |
71e18fc6_apter_5__Flashcards___Cram_com__reciprocating_engine | measuring instrument used to measure the flow of electric current in a circuit [reciprocating engine] | ammeter or loadmeter | [] | Rotorcraft Flying Handbook 4 (Chapter 5) Flashcards - Cram.com | reciprocating engine | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/rotorcraft-flying-handbook-4-chapter-5-459709 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00197-ip-10-236-191-2_383795183_0.json |
71e18fc6_apter_5__Flashcards___Cram_com__reciprocating_engine | type of overcurrent protection device (usu. w/ a metal wire or strip that melts) [reciprocating engine] | fuse | [] | Rotorcraft Flying Handbook 4 (Chapter 5) Flashcards - Cram.com | reciprocating engine | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/rotorcraft-flying-handbook-4-chapter-5-459709 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00197-ip-10-236-191-2_383795183_0.json |
71e18fc6_apter_5__Flashcards___Cram_com__reciprocating_engine | device that blends air and fuel for internal combustion [reciprocating engine] | carburetor | [] | Rotorcraft Flying Handbook 4 (Chapter 5) Flashcards - Cram.com | reciprocating engine | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/rotorcraft-flying-handbook-4-chapter-5-459709 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00197-ip-10-236-191-2_383795183_0.json |
71e18fc6_apter_5__Flashcards___Cram_com__reciprocating_engine | study of the mechanical properties of liquids [reciprocating engine] | hydraulics | [] | Rotorcraft Flying Handbook 4 (Chapter 5) Flashcards - Cram.com | reciprocating engine | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/rotorcraft-flying-handbook-4-chapter-5-459709 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00197-ip-10-236-191-2_383795183_0.json |
71e18fc6_apter_5__Flashcards___Cram_com__reciprocating_engine | Stability Augmentation System [reciprocating engine] | SAS | [] | Rotorcraft Flying Handbook 4 (Chapter 5) Flashcards - Cram.com | reciprocating engine | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/rotorcraft-flying-handbook-4-chapter-5-459709 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00197-ip-10-236-191-2_383795183_0.json |
71e18fc6_apter_5__Flashcards___Cram_com__reciprocating_engine | Ground-based navigation system consisting of very high frequency omnidirectional range stations which provide course guidance. [reciprocating engine] | VOR | [] | Rotorcraft Flying Handbook 4 (Chapter 5) Flashcards - Cram.com | reciprocating engine | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/rotorcraft-flying-handbook-4-chapter-5-459709 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00197-ip-10-236-191-2_383795183_0.json |
71e18fc6_apter_5__Flashcards___Cram_com__reciprocating_engine | (Instrument Landing System) - A precision instrument approach system, which normally consists of the following electrical components and visual aids: localizer, glide slope, outer marker, and approach lights. [reciprocating engine] | ILS | [] | Rotorcraft Flying Handbook 4 (Chapter 5) Flashcards - Cram.com | reciprocating engine | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/rotorcraft-flying-handbook-4-chapter-5-459709 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00197-ip-10-236-191-2_383795183_0.json |
71e18fc6_apter_5__Flashcards___Cram_com__reciprocating_engine | Global Positioning System - a satellite-based radio positioning, navigation, and time-transfer system [reciprocating engine] | GPS | [] | Rotorcraft Flying Handbook 4 (Chapter 5) Flashcards - Cram.com | reciprocating engine | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/rotorcraft-flying-handbook-4-chapter-5-459709 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00197-ip-10-236-191-2_383795183_0.json |
71e18fc6_apter_5__Flashcards___Cram_com__reciprocating_engine | Instrument Flight Rules - Rules that govern the procedure for conducting flight in weather conditions below VFR weather minimums. The term is also used to define weather conditions and they type of flight plan under which an aircraft is operating. [reciprocating engine] | IFR | [] | Rotorcraft Flying Handbook 4 (Chapter 5) Flashcards - Cram.com | reciprocating engine | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/rotorcraft-flying-handbook-4-chapter-5-459709 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00197-ip-10-236-191-2_383795183_0.json |
71e18fc6_apter_5__Flashcards___Cram_com__reciprocating_engine | the use of flowing air by a moving object for power [reciprocating engine] | ram air | [] | Rotorcraft Flying Handbook 4 (Chapter 5) Flashcards - Cram.com | reciprocating engine | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/rotorcraft-flying-handbook-4-chapter-5-459709 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00197-ip-10-236-191-2_383795183_0.json |
71e18fc6_apter_5__Flashcards___Cram_com__reciprocating_engine | part of an engine that supplies fuel/air mixture to the cylinders [reciprocating engine] | intake manifold | [] | Rotorcraft Flying Handbook 4 (Chapter 5) Flashcards - Cram.com | reciprocating engine | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/rotorcraft-flying-handbook-4-chapter-5-459709 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00197-ip-10-236-191-2_383795183_0.json |
71e18fc6_apter_5__Flashcards___Cram_com__reciprocating_engine | collects the exhaust gases from multiple cylinders into one pipe [reciprocating engine] | exhaust manifold | [] | Rotorcraft Flying Handbook 4 (Chapter 5) Flashcards - Cram.com | reciprocating engine | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/rotorcraft-flying-handbook-4-chapter-5-459709 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00197-ip-10-236-191-2_383795183_0.json |
33888fc9_Module_6_Flashcards___Cram_com__lar_disorder__mental_disorder_ | How do valproic acids exert their pharmacological effect | by suppressing sodium and calcium influx and by potentiating GABA | [] | Module 6 Flashcards - Cram.com | generalized and partial seizures and bipolar disorder (mental disorder) | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/module-6-2131052 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00163-ip-10-236-191-2_381801501_0.json |
33888fc9_Module_6_Flashcards___Cram_com__lar_disorder__mental_disorder_ | Valporic Acids are used to treat | generalized, partial, and abscence seizures Bipolar disorder and prophylaxis of migraine HA's | [] | Module 6 Flashcards - Cram.com | generalized and partial seizures and bipolar disorder (mental disorder) | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/module-6-2131052 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00163-ip-10-236-191-2_381801501_0.json |
33888fc9_Module_6_Flashcards___Cram_com__lar_disorder__mental_disorder_ | Valporic Acid toxicity | moderately hepatoxic | [] | Module 6 Flashcards - Cram.com | generalized and partial seizures and bipolar disorder (mental disorder) | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/module-6-2131052 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00163-ip-10-236-191-2_381801501_0.json |
33888fc9_Module_6_Flashcards___Cram_com__lar_disorder__mental_disorder_ | Succinides pharmacological effect | used to treat absence seizures by reducing the synaptic nerve response to low-frequency repetitive stimulation | [] | Module 6 Flashcards - Cram.com | generalized and partial seizures and bipolar disorder (mental disorder) | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/module-6-2131052 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00163-ip-10-236-191-2_381801501_0.json |
33888fc9_Module_6_Flashcards___Cram_com__lar_disorder__mental_disorder_ | What settings are Succinides used | clinics only | [] | Module 6 Flashcards - Cram.com | generalized and partial seizures and bipolar disorder (mental disorder) | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/module-6-2131052 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00163-ip-10-236-191-2_381801501_0.json |
33888fc9_Module_6_Flashcards___Cram_com__lar_disorder__mental_disorder_ | Anti-Seizure agents nursing considerations | monitor seizure activity, watch for drowsiness when giving sedating agents, monitor therapeutic blood levels, monitor liver enzymes and assess weakness, fatigue and muscle pain | [] | Module 6 Flashcards - Cram.com | generalized and partial seizures and bipolar disorder (mental disorder) | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/module-6-2131052 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00163-ip-10-236-191-2_381801501_0.json |
33888fc9_Module_6_Flashcards___Cram_com__lar_disorder__mental_disorder_ | (Anti-Depressants) What is the basis of depression | thought to be a depletion of the neurotransmitters serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine | [] | Module 6 Flashcards - Cram.com | generalized and partial seizures and bipolar disorder (mental disorder) | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/module-6-2131052 | 43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00163-ip-10-236-191-2_381801501_0.json |
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