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069b951f_t_2_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__Define_Sterilization
substance that elicits an immune response [Define Sterilization]
Antigen
[]
Microbiology: Unit 2 Test Flashcards - Cram.com
Define Sterilization
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43/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00129-ip-10-236-191-2_383141090_0.json
069b951f_t_2_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__Define_Sterilization
complex antigen that may have multiple antigenic sites that evoke unique immune responses [Define Sterilization]
Mosaic antigen
[]
Microbiology: Unit 2 Test Flashcards - Cram.com
Define Sterilization
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43/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00129-ip-10-236-191-2_383141090_0.json
069b951f_t_2_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__Define_Sterilization
self-antigen * often mistaken for foreign Ag [Define Sterilization]
Autoantigen
[]
Microbiology: Unit 2 Test Flashcards - Cram.com
Define Sterilization
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/microbiology-unit-2-test-871066
43/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00129-ip-10-236-191-2_383141090_0.json
069b951f_t_2_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__Define_Sterilization
molecules that differ in the same species *responsible for blood incompatibilities [Define Sterilization]
Alloantigen
[]
Microbiology: Unit 2 Test Flashcards - Cram.com
Define Sterilization
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/microbiology-unit-2-test-871066
43/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00129-ip-10-236-191-2_383141090_0.json
069b951f_t_2_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__Define_Sterilization
similar Ag which occurs in unrelated groups of organisms [Define Sterilization]
Heterophile Ag
[]
Microbiology: Unit 2 Test Flashcards - Cram.com
Define Sterilization
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/microbiology-unit-2-test-871066
43/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00129-ip-10-236-191-2_383141090_0.json
069b951f_t_2_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__Define_Sterilization
Ag which evoke allergic reaction [Define Sterilization]
Allergen
[]
Microbiology: Unit 2 Test Flashcards - Cram.com
Define Sterilization
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/microbiology-unit-2-test-871066
43/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00129-ip-10-236-191-2_383141090_0.json
069b951f_t_2_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__Define_Sterilization
small foreign molecules too small to illicit an immune response unless coupled with self proteins [Define Sterilization]
Hapten
[]
Microbiology: Unit 2 Test Flashcards - Cram.com
Define Sterilization
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/microbiology-unit-2-test-871066
43/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00129-ip-10-236-191-2_383141090_0.json
069b951f_t_2_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__Define_Sterilization
penicillin urushiols from poison ivy [Define Sterilization]
2 examples of Haptens
[]
Microbiology: Unit 2 Test Flashcards - Cram.com
Define Sterilization
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/microbiology-unit-2-test-871066
43/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00129-ip-10-236-191-2_383141090_0.json
069b951f_t_2_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__Define_Sterilization
6 [Define Sterilization]
MHC is controlled by genes on chromosome __
[]
Microbiology: Unit 2 Test Flashcards - Cram.com
Define Sterilization
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/microbiology-unit-2-test-871066
43/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00129-ip-10-236-191-2_383141090_0.json
069b951f_t_2_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__Define_Sterilization
tissue type antigens, code for markers that display unique characteristics of self and allow for recognition of self molecules [Define Sterilization]
MHC-1
[]
Microbiology: Unit 2 Test Flashcards - Cram.com
Define Sterilization
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/microbiology-unit-2-test-871066
43/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00129-ip-10-236-191-2_383141090_0.json
069b951f_t_2_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__Define_Sterilization
involved in immune recognition on surface of immune cells *code for immune regulatory receptors found in only macrophage, dendritic, and b cells [Define Sterilization]
MHC-II
[]
Microbiology: Unit 2 Test Flashcards - Cram.com
Define Sterilization
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/microbiology-unit-2-test-871066
43/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00129-ip-10-236-191-2_383141090_0.json
069b951f_t_2_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__Define_Sterilization
regulate production of complement proteins in blood [Define Sterilization]
MHC-III
[]
Microbiology: Unit 2 Test Flashcards - Cram.com
Define Sterilization
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/microbiology-unit-2-test-871066
43/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00129-ip-10-236-191-2_383141090_0.json
069b951f_t_2_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__Define_Sterilization
-cell mediated immune response -thymus derived -long life span [Define Sterilization]
3 characteristics of T cells
[]
Microbiology: Unit 2 Test Flashcards - Cram.com
Define Sterilization
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/microbiology-unit-2-test-871066
43/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00129-ip-10-236-191-2_383141090_0.json
069b951f_t_2_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__Define_Sterilization
--humoral immune response -bursa derived -short life span [Define Sterilization]
3 characteristics of B cells
[]
Microbiology: Unit 2 Test Flashcards - Cram.com
Define Sterilization
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/microbiology-unit-2-test-871066
43/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00129-ip-10-236-191-2_383141090_0.json
069b951f_t_2_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__Define_Sterilization
large gylcoprotein molecules that serve as the specific receptors to B cells anf as antibodies [Define Sterilization]
Immunoglobins
[]
Microbiology: Unit 2 Test Flashcards - Cram.com
Define Sterilization
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/microbiology-unit-2-test-871066
43/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00129-ip-10-236-191-2_383141090_0.json
069b951f_t_2_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__Define_Sterilization
antigen-binding fragment/ Fabs crystallizable fragment (Fc) which binds phagocytic cells and fixes complement [Define Sterilization]
2 arms on the immunoglobin that bind the antigen. What is the rest of the molecule called?
[]
Microbiology: Unit 2 Test Flashcards - Cram.com
Define Sterilization
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/microbiology-unit-2-test-871066
43/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00129-ip-10-236-191-2_383141090_0.json
069b951f_t_2_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__Define_Sterilization
-macrophage ingests and processes Ag -presentation of Ag to B cells -activation of B cell clone (clonal selection) [Define Sterilization]
Events of the humoral response
[]
Microbiology: Unit 2 Test Flashcards - Cram.com
Define Sterilization
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/microbiology-unit-2-test-871066
43/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00129-ip-10-236-191-2_383141090_0.json
069b951f_t_2_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__Define_Sterilization
-opsonins (enhance phagocytosis) -agglutinate particulate Ag (such as bacterial cells, clumping them together so that they become immobile) -complement fixation (promotes lysis of cells) -neutralize viruses and toxins (antibodies fill the surface receptors on the virus preventing them from attaching to the target) [Def...
4 Roles of Immunoglobins
[]
Microbiology: Unit 2 Test Flashcards - Cram.com
Define Sterilization
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/microbiology-unit-2-test-871066
43/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00129-ip-10-236-191-2_383141090_0.json
069b951f_t_2_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__Define_Sterilization
-1st exposure -slower response times -lower levels of antibody produced -short-lasting [Define Sterilization]
Primary response
[]
Microbiology: Unit 2 Test Flashcards - Cram.com
Define Sterilization
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/microbiology-unit-2-test-871066
43/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00129-ip-10-236-191-2_383141090_0.json
069b951f_t_2_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__Define_Sterilization
-repeated exposure -faster response times -higher levels of antibody produced -longer lasting [Define Sterilization]
Secondary resonse
[]
Microbiology: Unit 2 Test Flashcards - Cram.com
Define Sterilization
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/microbiology-unit-2-test-871066
43/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00129-ip-10-236-191-2_383141090_0.json
069b951f_t_2_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__Define_Sterilization
MABs, specific antibody produced to a specific antigen in a lab setting [Define Sterilization]
Monoclonal antibody
[]
Microbiology: Unit 2 Test Flashcards - Cram.com
Define Sterilization
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/microbiology-unit-2-test-871066
43/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00129-ip-10-236-191-2_383141090_0.json
069b951f_t_2_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__Define_Sterilization
-diagnostic tests -delivery of toxic chemicals to specific cells which express specific Ag [Define Sterilization]
2 uses of monoclonal antibodies
[]
Microbiology: Unit 2 Test Flashcards - Cram.com
Define Sterilization
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/microbiology-unit-2-test-871066
43/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00129-ip-10-236-191-2_383141090_0.json
069b951f_t_2_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__Define_Sterilization
direct contact [Define Sterilization]
T cells involve the _____ ______ between macropages and T cells is required for T cell activation
[]
Microbiology: Unit 2 Test Flashcards - Cram.com
Define Sterilization
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/microbiology-unit-2-test-871066
43/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00129-ip-10-236-191-2_383141090_0.json
069b951f_t_2_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__Define_Sterilization
regulates immune reactions to antigens, as well as activate macrophages and increase phagocytosis [Define Sterilization]
Helper T cells (CD-4)
[]
Microbiology: Unit 2 Test Flashcards - Cram.com
Define Sterilization
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/microbiology-unit-2-test-871066
43/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00129-ip-10-236-191-2_383141090_0.json
069b951f_t_2_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__Define_Sterilization
killer cells the capacity of certain T cells to kill a specific target cells by secreting perforins and granzymes [Define Sterilization]
Cytotoxic cells are also known by what name? What is their role?
[]
Microbiology: Unit 2 Test Flashcards - Cram.com
Define Sterilization
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/microbiology-unit-2-test-871066
43/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00129-ip-10-236-191-2_383141090_0.json
069b951f_t_2_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__Define_Sterilization
punches holes in membranes of target cells creating a passageway for granzymes to enter [Define Sterilization]
perforins
[]
Microbiology: Unit 2 Test Flashcards - Cram.com
Define Sterilization
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/microbiology-unit-2-test-871066
43/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00129-ip-10-236-191-2_383141090_0.json
069b951f_t_2_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__Define_Sterilization
perform apoptsis [Define Sterilization]
granzymes
[]
Microbiology: Unit 2 Test Flashcards - Cram.com
Define Sterilization
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/microbiology-unit-2-test-871066
43/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00129-ip-10-236-191-2_383141090_0.json
069b951f_t_2_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__Define_Sterilization
common allergy [Define Sterilization]
anaphalyxis
[]
Microbiology: Unit 2 Test Flashcards - Cram.com
Define Sterilization
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/microbiology-unit-2-test-871066
43/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00129-ip-10-236-191-2_383141090_0.json
069b951f_t_2_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__Define_Sterilization
-IgE produced on first exposure -IgE attaches to surface of mast cells leading to the release of histamines [Define Sterilization]
Mechanism for anaphalyxis
[]
Microbiology: Unit 2 Test Flashcards - Cram.com
Define Sterilization
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/microbiology-unit-2-test-871066
43/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00129-ip-10-236-191-2_383141090_0.json
069b951f_t_2_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__Define_Sterilization
sudden respiratory and circulatory disruption that can be fatal [Define Sterilization]
Systematic anaphalyxis
[]
Microbiology: Unit 2 Test Flashcards - Cram.com
Define Sterilization
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/microbiology-unit-2-test-871066
43/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00129-ip-10-236-191-2_383141090_0.json
069b951f_t_2_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__Define_Sterilization
atopy [Define Sterilization]
Localized anaphalyxis is also called____
[]
Microbiology: Unit 2 Test Flashcards - Cram.com
Define Sterilization
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/microbiology-unit-2-test-871066
43/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00129-ip-10-236-191-2_383141090_0.json
069b951f_t_2_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__Define_Sterilization
involve complement assisted lysis of cells by antibodies [Define Sterilization]
Cytotoxic hypersensitivity
[]
Microbiology: Unit 2 Test Flashcards - Cram.com
Define Sterilization
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/microbiology-unit-2-test-871066
43/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00129-ip-10-236-191-2_383141090_0.json
069b951f_t_2_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__Define_Sterilization
IgG IgM [Define Sterilization]
What two immunglobins mediate cytotoxic hypersensitivity?
[]
Microbiology: Unit 2 Test Flashcards - Cram.com
Define Sterilization
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/microbiology-unit-2-test-871066
43/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00129-ip-10-236-191-2_383141090_0.json
069b951f_t_2_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__Define_Sterilization
-automimmune disorders -transfusion reactions -erythroblastosis fetalis (Rh disease- mother has Rh- and child has Rh+ causing mom's antibodies to release erythroblasts causing massive destruction of child's cells. mother builds up an immunity after the first child, there second child is most aptly harmed) [Define Steri...
3 examples of cytotoxic hypersensitivity
[]
Microbiology: Unit 2 Test Flashcards - Cram.com
Define Sterilization
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/microbiology-unit-2-test-871066
43/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00129-ip-10-236-191-2_383141090_0.json
069b951f_t_2_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__Define_Sterilization
type I or immediate hypersensitivity [Define Sterilization]
Anaphalyxis is also called______
[]
Microbiology: Unit 2 Test Flashcards - Cram.com
Define Sterilization
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/microbiology-unit-2-test-871066
43/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00129-ip-10-236-191-2_383141090_0.json
069b951f_t_2_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__Define_Sterilization
Type II [Define Sterilization]
Cytotoxic Hypersensitivity is also called ______
[]
Microbiology: Unit 2 Test Flashcards - Cram.com
Define Sterilization
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/microbiology-unit-2-test-871066
43/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00129-ip-10-236-191-2_383141090_0.json
069b951f_t_2_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__Define_Sterilization
Type III [Define Sterilization]
Immune Complex Disease is also called ______
[]
Microbiology: Unit 2 Test Flashcards - Cram.com
Define Sterilization
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/microbiology-unit-2-test-871066
43/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00129-ip-10-236-191-2_383141090_0.json
069b951f_t_2_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__Define_Sterilization
Type IV [Define Sterilization]
Cellular/Delayed Hypersensitivity is also called ____
[]
Microbiology: Unit 2 Test Flashcards - Cram.com
Define Sterilization
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/microbiology-unit-2-test-871066
43/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00129-ip-10-236-191-2_383141090_0.json
069b951f_t_2_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__Define_Sterilization
Ag-Aby complexes deposit in capillary beds causing inflammatory response [Define Sterilization]
Immune Complex disease
[]
Microbiology: Unit 2 Test Flashcards - Cram.com
Define Sterilization
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/microbiology-unit-2-test-871066
43/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00129-ip-10-236-191-2_383141090_0.json
069b951f_t_2_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__Define_Sterilization
IgA, IgM, IgG [Define Sterilization]
Which immunoglobins mediate immune complex disease?
[]
Microbiology: Unit 2 Test Flashcards - Cram.com
Define Sterilization
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/microbiology-unit-2-test-871066
43/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00129-ip-10-236-191-2_383141090_0.json
069b951f_t_2_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__Define_Sterilization
-Rheumatoid arthritis -Lupus -glomerulonephritis [Define Sterilization]
3 examples of Immune Complex Disease
[]
Microbiology: Unit 2 Test Flashcards - Cram.com
Define Sterilization
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/microbiology-unit-2-test-871066
43/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00129-ip-10-236-191-2_383141090_0.json
069b951f_t_2_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__Define_Sterilization
T cells respond to antigens (cytokines) which attract other cells to the antigen's location [Define Sterilization]
Cellular hypersensitivity
[]
Microbiology: Unit 2 Test Flashcards - Cram.com
Define Sterilization
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/microbiology-unit-2-test-871066
43/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00129-ip-10-236-191-2_383141090_0.json
069b951f_t_2_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__Define_Sterilization
erythema and induration (redness, itching, inflammation) [Define Sterilization]
Reexposure of cellular hypersensitivity causes____-
[]
Microbiology: Unit 2 Test Flashcards - Cram.com
Define Sterilization
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/microbiology-unit-2-test-871066
43/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00129-ip-10-236-191-2_383141090_0.json
069b951f_t_2_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__Define_Sterilization
contact dermatitis (posion ivy, metal alloys) [Define Sterilization]
Example of cellular hypersensitivity
[]
Microbiology: Unit 2 Test Flashcards - Cram.com
Define Sterilization
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/microbiology-unit-2-test-871066
43/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00129-ip-10-236-191-2_383141090_0.json
069b951f_t_2_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__Define_Sterilization
Bruton's agammaglobulinemia absence of gamma gloubin (the fraction of serum containing Igs) [Define Sterilization]
B cell deficiency. Give its formal name and characteristics
[]
Microbiology: Unit 2 Test Flashcards - Cram.com
Define Sterilization
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/microbiology-unit-2-test-871066
43/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00129-ip-10-236-191-2_383141090_0.json
069b951f_t_2_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__Define_Sterilization
DiGerorge's syndrome congenital absence of immaturity of the thymus gland [Define Sterilization]
T cell deficiency. Give its formal name and characteristics
[]
Microbiology: Unit 2 Test Flashcards - Cram.com
Define Sterilization
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/microbiology-unit-2-test-871066
43/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00129-ip-10-236-191-2_383141090_0.json
069b951f_t_2_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__Define_Sterilization
dysfunction in both systems, absence of lymphocyte stem cell or dysfunction of T and B cells later in life [Define Sterilization]
Severed Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID)
[]
Microbiology: Unit 2 Test Flashcards - Cram.com
Define Sterilization
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/microbiology-unit-2-test-871066
43/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00129-ip-10-236-191-2_383141090_0.json
069b951f_t_2_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__Define_Sterilization
dampens immune response so as not to cause overregulation [Define Sterilization]
What is the role of regulatory T cells(CD 25+)?
[]
Microbiology: Unit 2 Test Flashcards - Cram.com
Define Sterilization
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/microbiology-unit-2-test-871066
43/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00129-ip-10-236-191-2_383141090_0.json
069b951f_t_2_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__Define_Sterilization
Macrophages (dendritic cells) present Ag to B cell clones [Define Sterilization]
Explain clonal selection
[]
Microbiology: Unit 2 Test Flashcards - Cram.com
Define Sterilization
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/microbiology-unit-2-test-871066
43/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00129-ip-10-236-191-2_383141090_0.json
069b951f_t_2_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__Define_Sterilization
-t dependent Ag requires T cell participation -t independent Ag foes not require T cell participation [Define Sterilization]
Explain t-independent/dependent cell participation in clonal selection
[]
Microbiology: Unit 2 Test Flashcards - Cram.com
Define Sterilization
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/microbiology-unit-2-test-871066
43/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00129-ip-10-236-191-2_383141090_0.json
069b951f_t_2_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__Define_Sterilization
after clonal selection, mitosis occurs inducing clonal expansion- plasma cells secrete Aby and and memory cells (for anamnestic response) [Define Sterilization]
Explain the process of clonal expansion
[]
Microbiology: Unit 2 Test Flashcards - Cram.com
Define Sterilization
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/microbiology-unit-2-test-871066
43/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00129-ip-10-236-191-2_383141090_0.json
069b951f_t_2_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__Define_Sterilization
first antibody produced through clonal selection and contains a pentamer with joining chains of 10 antigen binding sites [Define Sterilization]
IgM
[]
Microbiology: Unit 2 Test Flashcards - Cram.com
Define Sterilization
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/microbiology-unit-2-test-871066
43/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00129-ip-10-236-191-2_383141090_0.json
069b951f_t_2_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__Define_Sterilization
-most abundant in serum, -transplacental -monomer with two antigen binding sites [Define Sterilization]
IgG
[]
Microbiology: Unit 2 Test Flashcards - Cram.com
Define Sterilization
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/microbiology-unit-2-test-871066
43/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00129-ip-10-236-191-2_383141090_0.json
069b951f_t_2_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__Define_Sterilization
-secretory antibody with secretory component (essential on mucosal surfaces) -monomer or dimer with 2 or 4 antigen binding sites [Define Sterilization]
IgA
[]
Microbiology: Unit 2 Test Flashcards - Cram.com
Define Sterilization
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/microbiology-unit-2-test-871066
43/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00129-ip-10-236-191-2_383141090_0.json
069b951f_t_2_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__Define_Sterilization
receptor on surface of B cells that allows for activation of B cells [Define Sterilization]
IgD
[]
Microbiology: Unit 2 Test Flashcards - Cram.com
Define Sterilization
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/microbiology-unit-2-test-871066
43/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00129-ip-10-236-191-2_383141090_0.json
069b951f_t_2_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__Define_Sterilization
responsible for anaphylaxis [Define Sterilization]
IgE
[]
Microbiology: Unit 2 Test Flashcards - Cram.com
Define Sterilization
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/microbiology-unit-2-test-871066
43/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00129-ip-10-236-191-2_383141090_0.json
069b951f_t_2_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__Define_Sterilization
cytokines [Define Sterilization]
B cells produce antibodies while T cells produce_____
[]
Microbiology: Unit 2 Test Flashcards - Cram.com
Define Sterilization
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/microbiology-unit-2-test-871066
43/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00129-ip-10-236-191-2_383141090_0.json
069b951f_t_2_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__Define_Sterilization
-requires contact with antigen presenting cells (APC) [Define Sterilization]
T cell activation
[]
Microbiology: Unit 2 Test Flashcards - Cram.com
Define Sterilization
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/microbiology-unit-2-test-871066
43/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00129-ip-10-236-191-2_383141090_0.json
069b951f_t_2_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__Define_Sterilization
to secrete interleukin-1, thus activating the T cell [Define Sterilization]
Role of antigen presenting cells (APCs)
[]
Microbiology: Unit 2 Test Flashcards - Cram.com
Define Sterilization
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/microbiology-unit-2-test-871066
43/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00129-ip-10-236-191-2_383141090_0.json
069b951f_t_2_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__Define_Sterilization
delayed hypersensitivity T cells [Define Sterilization]
Basis of tuberculin test for TB diagnosis
[]
Microbiology: Unit 2 Test Flashcards - Cram.com
Define Sterilization
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/microbiology-unit-2-test-871066
43/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00129-ip-10-236-191-2_383141090_0.json
069b951f_t_2_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__Define_Sterilization
-reduce risk of some immune activities (autoimmunity, transplant rejection, allergy) and suppresses immune functions [Define Sterilization]
Role of regulatory cells
[]
Microbiology: Unit 2 Test Flashcards - Cram.com
Define Sterilization
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/microbiology-unit-2-test-871066
43/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00129-ip-10-236-191-2_383141090_0.json
069b951f_t_2_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__Define_Sterilization
cytotoxic [Define Sterilization]
What type of T cells specifically target cancer cells?
[]
Microbiology: Unit 2 Test Flashcards - Cram.com
Define Sterilization
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/microbiology-unit-2-test-871066
43/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00129-ip-10-236-191-2_383141090_0.json
069b951f_t_2_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__Define_Sterilization
virus-infected cells fungal infections and TB parasite infected cells [Define Sterilization]
Cytotoxic cells are said to combat which intracellular pathogens?
[]
Microbiology: Unit 2 Test Flashcards - Cram.com
Define Sterilization
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/microbiology-unit-2-test-871066
43/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00129-ip-10-236-191-2_383141090_0.json
069b951f_t_2_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__Define_Sterilization
AIDS [Define Sterilization]
What autoimmune disorder destroys helper (CD4) cells?
[]
Microbiology: Unit 2 Test Flashcards - Cram.com
Define Sterilization
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/microbiology-unit-2-test-871066
43/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00129-ip-10-236-191-2_383141090_0.json
069b951f_t_2_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__Define_Sterilization
B cells cytotoxic cells macrophage [Define Sterilization]
Helper cells work to enhance the activities of immune cells such as ___
[]
Microbiology: Unit 2 Test Flashcards - Cram.com
Define Sterilization
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/microbiology-unit-2-test-871066
43/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00129-ip-10-236-191-2_383141090_0.json
069b951f_t_2_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__Define_Sterilization
interleukin-2 [Define Sterilization]
Helper cells secrete this
[]
Microbiology: Unit 2 Test Flashcards - Cram.com
Define Sterilization
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/microbiology-unit-2-test-871066
43/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00129-ip-10-236-191-2_383141090_0.json
069b951f_t_2_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__Define_Sterilization
by CD antigens on cell surfaces [Define Sterilization]
How are variates of T cells identified?
[]
Microbiology: Unit 2 Test Flashcards - Cram.com
Define Sterilization
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/microbiology-unit-2-test-871066
43/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00129-ip-10-236-191-2_383141090_0.json
069b951f_t_2_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__Define_Sterilization
antibodies attack foreign cells in blood transplants causing a major cross reaction [Define Sterilization]
Hemolysis
[]
Microbiology: Unit 2 Test Flashcards - Cram.com
Define Sterilization
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/microbiology-unit-2-test-871066
43/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00129-ip-10-236-191-2_383141090_0.json
069b951f_t_2_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__Define_Sterilization
there are no antigens on the surface of the cells causing no reactions [Define Sterilization]
Why is type O considered the universal recipient?
[]
Microbiology: Unit 2 Test Flashcards - Cram.com
Define Sterilization
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/microbiology-unit-2-test-871066
43/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00129-ip-10-236-191-2_383141090_0.json
069b951f_t_2_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__Define_Sterilization
They do no contain neither A or B antigens [Define Sterilization]
Why is type AB considered the universal donor?
[]
Microbiology: Unit 2 Test Flashcards - Cram.com
Define Sterilization
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/microbiology-unit-2-test-871066
43/1438042988399.65_20150728002308-00129-ip-10-236-191-2_383141090_0.json
c3455116_99_final_Flashcards___Cram_com__Ecosystem
The term "ecology" is defined as the study of the ___________ [Ecosystem]
Relationships between organisms and their environemnt
[]
NRCM 299 final Flashcards - Cram.com
Ecosystem
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/nrcm-299-final-2190248
43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00072-ip-10-236-191-2_387403394_0.json
c3455116_99_final_Flashcards___Cram_com__Ecosystem
The term for following bodies of water is ________ [Ecosystem]
Lotic
[]
NRCM 299 final Flashcards - Cram.com
Ecosystem
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/nrcm-299-final-2190248
43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00072-ip-10-236-191-2_387403394_0.json
c3455116_99_final_Flashcards___Cram_com__Ecosystem
The biosphere is ____________ [Ecosystem]
the thin layer surrounding the Earth that supports all life
[]
NRCM 299 final Flashcards - Cram.com
Ecosystem
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/nrcm-299-final-2190248
43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00072-ip-10-236-191-2_387403394_0.json
c3455116_99_final_Flashcards___Cram_com__Ecosystem
An organism that lives in a deep marine environment may exhibit the following physical characterists, except: [Ecosystem]
colorful skin pigmentation
[]
NRCM 299 final Flashcards - Cram.com
Ecosystem
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/nrcm-299-final-2190248
43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00072-ip-10-236-191-2_387403394_0.json
c3455116_99_final_Flashcards___Cram_com__Ecosystem
The region of the vertical depth profile where water temperature declines most rapidly is the ________ [Ecosystem]
Thermocline
[]
NRCM 299 final Flashcards - Cram.com
Ecosystem
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/nrcm-299-final-2190248
43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00072-ip-10-236-191-2_387403394_0.json
c3455116_99_final_Flashcards___Cram_com__Ecosystem
Which of the following is considered a biotic component of the ecosystem? [Ecosystem]
Microbes
[]
NRCM 299 final Flashcards - Cram.com
Ecosystem
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/nrcm-299-final-2190248
43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00072-ip-10-236-191-2_387403394_0.json
c3455116_99_final_Flashcards___Cram_com__Ecosystem
Habitability [Ecosystem]
is the ability of the physical environmet to support life
[]
NRCM 299 final Flashcards - Cram.com
Ecosystem
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/nrcm-299-final-2190248
43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00072-ip-10-236-191-2_387403394_0.json
c3455116_99_final_Flashcards___Cram_com__Ecosystem
Which of the following bodies of water best represents a lotic ecosystems? [Ecosystem]
Spring
[]
NRCM 299 final Flashcards - Cram.com
Ecosystem
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/nrcm-299-final-2190248
43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00072-ip-10-236-191-2_387403394_0.json
c3455116_99_final_Flashcards___Cram_com__Ecosystem
In lakes and ponds, decomposition occurs primarily in the _________ [Ecosystem]
benthic zone
[]
NRCM 299 final Flashcards - Cram.com
Ecosystem
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/nrcm-299-final-2190248
43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00072-ip-10-236-191-2_387403394_0.json
c3455116_99_final_Flashcards___Cram_com__Ecosystem
In ponds and lakes, the zone beneath the depth of effective light pentration but above the bottom is reffered to as the ________ [Ecosystem]
profundal zone
[]
NRCM 299 final Flashcards - Cram.com
Ecosystem
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/nrcm-299-final-2190248
43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00072-ip-10-236-191-2_387403394_0.json
c3455116_99_final_Flashcards___Cram_com__Ecosystem
Which of the following is the correct ecological hierarchy (from smallest unit to largest unit) of a daisy? [Ecosystem]
individual organism, population, community, landscape
[]
NRCM 299 final Flashcards - Cram.com
Ecosystem
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/nrcm-299-final-2190248
43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00072-ip-10-236-191-2_387403394_0.json
c3455116_99_final_Flashcards___Cram_com__Ecosystem
A classification of plant formations and associated animal life into biotic units based on the predominant plant types, with at least eight major terrstrial types, is reffered to as a _______ [Ecosystem]
biome
[]
NRCM 299 final Flashcards - Cram.com
Ecosystem
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/nrcm-299-final-2190248
43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00072-ip-10-236-191-2_387403394_0.json
c3455116_99_final_Flashcards___Cram_com__Ecosystem
Which of the following is an incorrect match? [Ecosystem]
subpolar low: right-deflected, southward-flowing streams of air
[]
NRCM 299 final Flashcards - Cram.com
Ecosystem
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/nrcm-299-final-2190248
43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00072-ip-10-236-191-2_387403394_0.json
c3455116_99_final_Flashcards___Cram_com__Ecosystem
The vegetation or tundra is dominated by _________ [Ecosystem]
short plants such as sedges, heaths, and willow
[]
NRCM 299 final Flashcards - Cram.com
Ecosystem
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/nrcm-299-final-2190248
43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00072-ip-10-236-191-2_387403394_0.json
c3455116_99_final_Flashcards___Cram_com__Ecosystem
True of False Topographic features, such as mountains and valley, influences the climate of a region [Ecosystem]
True
[]
NRCM 299 final Flashcards - Cram.com
Ecosystem
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/nrcm-299-final-2190248
43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00072-ip-10-236-191-2_387403394_0.json
c3455116_99_final_Flashcards___Cram_com__Ecosystem
True or False In temperate deciduous forests the greatest concentration and diversity of life occurs in the canopy [Ecosystem]
False
[]
NRCM 299 final Flashcards - Cram.com
Ecosystem
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/nrcm-299-final-2190248
43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00072-ip-10-236-191-2_387403394_0.json
c3455116_99_final_Flashcards___Cram_com__Ecosystem
True of False The dry forests of tropical regions are reffered to as tropical savannas [Ecosystem]
False
[]
NRCM 299 final Flashcards - Cram.com
Ecosystem
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/nrcm-299-final-2190248
43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00072-ip-10-236-191-2_387403394_0.json
c3455116_99_final_Flashcards___Cram_com__Ecosystem
True of False Wetlands subjected to a long hydroperiod support more submerged and deep-water emergents than wetlands with a shorter hydroperiod [Ecosystem]
True
[]
NRCM 299 final Flashcards - Cram.com
Ecosystem
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/nrcm-299-final-2190248
43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00072-ip-10-236-191-2_387403394_0.json
c3455116_99_final_Flashcards___Cram_com__Ecosystem
True or False The complicated circulaton of air in Earth's atmosphere is due to both Earth's rotation and irregular land masses on Earth's surface [Ecosystem]
True
[]
NRCM 299 final Flashcards - Cram.com
Ecosystem
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/nrcm-299-final-2190248
43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00072-ip-10-236-191-2_387403394_0.json
c3455116_99_final_Flashcards___Cram_com__Ecosystem
True or False Tundra occurs only at high latitudes in polar regions [Ecosystem]
False
[]
NRCM 299 final Flashcards - Cram.com
Ecosystem
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/nrcm-299-final-2190248
43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00072-ip-10-236-191-2_387403394_0.json
c3455116_99_final_Flashcards___Cram_com__Ecosystem
True or False Ecology only examines the impact of natual processes and ignores the influence of human activity on the environment [Ecosystem]
False
[]
NRCM 299 final Flashcards - Cram.com
Ecosystem
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/nrcm-299-final-2190248
43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00072-ip-10-236-191-2_387403394_0.json
c3455116_99_final_Flashcards___Cram_com__Ecosystem
True or False The independent evolution of a similar characteristic in two different species not derived from a recent, common ancestor is reffered to as convergent evolution [Ecosystem]
True
[]
NRCM 299 final Flashcards - Cram.com
Ecosystem
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/nrcm-299-final-2190248
43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00072-ip-10-236-191-2_387403394_0.json
c3455116_99_final_Flashcards___Cram_com__Ecosystem
Ture or False Biogeography is the study of the distribution and abundace or orgaisms [Ecosystem]
False
[]
NRCM 299 final Flashcards - Cram.com
Ecosystem
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/nrcm-299-final-2190248
43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00072-ip-10-236-191-2_387403394_0.json
c3455116_99_final_Flashcards___Cram_com__Ecosystem
True or False In the tropical latitudes, the length of the dry season increases with distance from the equator [Ecosystem]
True
[]
NRCM 299 final Flashcards - Cram.com
Ecosystem
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/nrcm-299-final-2190248
43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00072-ip-10-236-191-2_387403394_0.json
c3455116_99_final_Flashcards___Cram_com__Ecosystem
True or False The largest and most continuous region of tropical rain forest in the world is in South America [Ecosystem]
True
[]
NRCM 299 final Flashcards - Cram.com
Ecosystem
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/nrcm-299-final-2190248
43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00072-ip-10-236-191-2_387403394_0.json
c3455116_99_final_Flashcards___Cram_com__Ecosystem
True or False Rainfall in the Southern Hemisphere is greater than rainfall in the Northern Hemisphere because the oceans cover a greater portion of the Southern Hemisphere [Ecosystem]
True
[]
NRCM 299 final Flashcards - Cram.com
Ecosystem
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/nrcm-299-final-2190248
43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00072-ip-10-236-191-2_387403394_0.json
c3455116_99_final_Flashcards___Cram_com__Ecosystem
True or False Ecology is the same as environmentalism [Ecosystem]
False
[]
NRCM 299 final Flashcards - Cram.com
Ecosystem
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/nrcm-299-final-2190248
43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00072-ip-10-236-191-2_387403394_0.json
c3455116_99_final_Flashcards___Cram_com__Ecosystem
True or False A population refers to all the individuls of the same species that occupy a given area [Ecosystem]
True
[]
NRCM 299 final Flashcards - Cram.com
Ecosystem
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/nrcm-299-final-2190248
43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00072-ip-10-236-191-2_387403394_0.json
c3455116_99_final_Flashcards___Cram_com__Ecosystem
Wetlands domiated by emergent herbaceous vegetaion are called swamps [Ecosystem]
Fale
[]
NRCM 299 final Flashcards - Cram.com
Ecosystem
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/nrcm-299-final-2190248
43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00072-ip-10-236-191-2_387403394_0.json
c3455116_99_final_Flashcards___Cram_com__Ecosystem
The ________ effect can rise temperatures from 6 degrees to 8 above those in the surrounding countryside [Ecosystem]
urban heat
[]
NRCM 299 final Flashcards - Cram.com
Ecosystem
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/nrcm-299-final-2190248
43/1438042989042.37_20150728002309-00072-ip-10-236-191-2_387403394_0.json