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after 1517 , when the new invention of printing made these texts widely available , the dutch humanist erasmus , who had studied greek at the venetian printing house of aldus manutius , began a philological analysis of the gospels in the spirit of valla , comparing the greek originals with their latin translations with...
when are these texts first able to reach a large amount of people ?
erasmus
175
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after 1517 , when the new invention of printing made these texts widely available , the dutch humanist erasmus , who had studied greek at the venetian printing house of aldus manutius , began a philological analysis of the gospels in the spirit of valla , comparing the greek originals with their latin translations with...
erasmus can be said to have lit the match that sparked a radical change in thinking in his era along with who ?
lef vre d ' taples
175
23
5
after 1517 , when the new invention of printing made these texts widely available , the dutch humanist erasmus , who had studied greek at the venetian printing house of aldus manutius , began a philological analysis of the gospels in the spirit of valla , comparing the greek originals with their latin translations with...
what text still remained without the type of thorough review that others texts had received by the 18th century ?
the bible
175
20
2
the words of the comic playwright p . terentius afer reverberated across the roman world of the mid 2nd century bce and beyond . terence , an african and a former slave , was well placed to preach the message of universalism , of the essential unity of the human race , that had come down in philosophical form from the ...
what author had a great impact in rome ?
p . terentius afer
116
9
4
the words of the comic playwright p . terentius afer reverberated across the roman world of the mid 2nd century bce and beyond . terence , an african and a former slave , was well placed to preach the message of universalism , of the essential unity of the human race , that had come down in philosophical form from the ...
who was able to spread the idea of equality among all through his words ?
terence
116
15
1
the words of the comic playwright p . terentius afer reverberated across the roman world of the mid 2nd century bce and beyond . terence , an african and a former slave , was well placed to preach the message of universalism , of the essential unity of the human race , that had come down in philosophical form from the ...
from where did this school of thought emerge ?
the greeks
116
9
2
the words of the comic playwright p . terentius afer reverberated across the roman world of the mid 2nd century bce and beyond . terence , an african and a former slave , was well placed to preach the message of universalism , of the essential unity of the human race , that had come down in philosophical form from the ...
who again issued the same type of challenge centuries later
seneca
116
10
1
the words of the comic playwright p . terentius afer reverberated across the roman world of the mid 2nd century bce and beyond . terence , an african and a former slave , was well placed to preach the message of universalism , of the essential unity of the human race , that had come down in philosophical form from the ...
what was the name of the main belief terence offered
universalism
116
10
1
better acquaintance with greek and roman technical writings also influenced the development of european science ( see the history of science in the renaissance ) . this was despite what a . c . crombie ( viewing the renaissance in the 19th century manner as a chapter in the heroic march of progress ) calls " a backward...
who felt that looking to these ancient documents for new ideas was not the way to mover forward ?
a . c . crombie
161
19
5
better acquaintance with greek and roman technical writings also influenced the development of european science ( see the history of science in the renaissance ) . this was despite what a . c . crombie ( viewing the renaissance in the 19th century manner as a chapter in the heroic march of progress ) calls " a backward...
closer examination of what information allowed for further progress in scientific knowledge ?
technical writings
161
13
2
better acquaintance with greek and roman technical writings also influenced the development of european science ( see the history of science in the renaissance ) . this was despite what a . c . crombie ( viewing the renaissance in the 19th century manner as a chapter in the heroic march of progress ) calls " a backward...
what group was neutral about this issue as they felt the subject unimportant ?
renaissance humanists
161
14
2
better acquaintance with greek and roman technical writings also influenced the development of european science ( see the history of science in the renaissance ) . this was despite what a . c . crombie ( viewing the renaissance in the 19th century manner as a chapter in the heroic march of progress ) calls " a backward...
when did even the scholars and professors began to at least end to examine the works of aristotle ?
16th century ,
161
19
3
just as artist and inventor leonardo da vinci partaking of the zeitgeist though not himself a humanist advocated study of human anatomy , nature , and weather to enrich renaissance works of art , so spanish born humanist juan luis vives ( c . 1493 1540 ) advocated observation , craft , and practical techniques to impro...
who felt that the further examination and knowledge of studies in the arena of humanism could further art ?
leonardo da vinci
120
19
3
just as artist and inventor leonardo da vinci partaking of the zeitgeist though not himself a humanist advocated study of human anatomy , nature , and weather to enrich renaissance works of art , so spanish born humanist juan luis vives ( c . 1493 1540 ) advocated observation , craft , and practical techniques to impro...
who helped to further the movement away from scholasticism of the time ?
juan luis vives
120
13
3
just as artist and inventor leonardo da vinci partaking of the zeitgeist though not himself a humanist advocated study of human anatomy , nature , and weather to enrich renaissance works of art , so spanish born humanist juan luis vives ( c . 1493 1540 ) advocated observation , craft , and practical techniques to impro...
where did this initiate ?
universities
120
5
1
just as artist and inventor leonardo da vinci partaking of the zeitgeist though not himself a humanist advocated study of human anatomy , nature , and weather to enrich renaissance works of art , so spanish born humanist juan luis vives ( c . 1493 1540 ) advocated observation , craft , and practical techniques to impro...
what type of philosophy was essential to this forwarding of thought ?
aristotelian
120
12
1
active in the early 1920s , f . c . s . schiller labelled his work " humanism " but for schiller the term referred to the pragmatist philosophy he shared with william james . in 1929 , charles francis potter founded the first humanist society of new york whose advisory board included julian huxley , john dewey , albert...
what 19th century author associated his works with humanism ?
f . c . s . schiller
128
10
7
active in the early 1920s , f . c . s . schiller labelled his work " humanism " but for schiller the term referred to the pragmatist philosophy he shared with william james . in 1929 , charles francis potter founded the first humanist society of new york whose advisory board included julian huxley , john dewey , albert...
when was the first public group for humanist founded ?
1929
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10
1
active in the early 1920s , f . c . s . schiller labelled his work " humanism " but for schiller the term referred to the pragmatist philosophy he shared with william james . in 1929 , charles francis potter founded the first humanist society of new york whose advisory board included julian huxley , john dewey , albert...
who created this group ?
charles francis potter
128
5
3
active in the early 1920s , f . c . s . schiller labelled his work " humanism " but for schiller the term referred to the pragmatist philosophy he shared with william james . in 1929 , charles francis potter founded the first humanist society of new york whose advisory board included julian huxley , john dewey , albert...
when did charles potter and clara potter publish their first writings on humanism ?
1930
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1
humanistic psychology is a psychological perspective which rose to prominence in the mid 20th century in response to sigmund freud ' s psychoanalytic theory and b . f . skinner ' s behaviorism . the approach emphasizes an individual ' s inherent drive towards self actualization and creativity . psychologists carl roger...
who wotked with carl rogers on humanistic phycology ?
abraham maslow
89
9
2
humanistic psychology is a psychological perspective which rose to prominence in the mid 20th century in response to sigmund freud ' s psychoanalytic theory and b . f . skinner ' s behaviorism . the approach emphasizes an individual ' s inherent drive towards self actualization and creativity . psychologists carl roger...
what is human phycology ?
psychological perspective
89
5
2
humanistic psychology is a psychological perspective which rose to prominence in the mid 20th century in response to sigmund freud ' s psychoanalytic theory and b . f . skinner ' s behaviorism . the approach emphasizes an individual ' s inherent drive towards self actualization and creativity . psychologists carl roger...
in what century did humanistic phycology rise in prominence ?
20th century
89
10
2
humanistic psychology is a psychological perspective which rose to prominence in the mid 20th century in response to sigmund freud ' s psychoanalytic theory and b . f . skinner ' s behaviorism . the approach emphasizes an individual ' s inherent drive towards self actualization and creativity . psychologists carl roger...
they introduced it in response to what ?
psychoanalysis
89
8
1
raymond b . bragg , the associate editor of the new humanist , sought to consolidate the input of leon milton birkhead , charles francis potter , and several members of the western unitarian conference . bragg asked roy wood sellars to draft a document based on this information which resulted in the publication of the ...
what groups thoughts did he seek to include ?
western unitarian conference
138
9
3
raymond b . bragg , the associate editor of the new humanist , sought to consolidate the input of leon milton birkhead , charles francis potter , and several members of the western unitarian conference . bragg asked roy wood sellars to draft a document based on this information which resulted in the publication of the ...
who became responsible in part for the editing of the new humanist ?
raymond b . bragg ,
138
13
5
raymond b . bragg , the associate editor of the new humanist , sought to consolidate the input of leon milton birkhead , charles francis potter , and several members of the western unitarian conference . bragg asked roy wood sellars to draft a document based on this information which resulted in the publication of the ...
how many cornerstones of this new way of thinking or religion were presented
15
138
13
1
raymond b . bragg , the associate editor of the new humanist , sought to consolidate the input of leon milton birkhead , charles francis potter , and several members of the western unitarian conference . bragg asked roy wood sellars to draft a document based on this information which resulted in the publication of the ...
what was the name of the material that was produced from this groups and the opinions of others ?
humanist manifesto
138
19
2
renaissance humanism was an activity of cultural and educational reform engaged in by civic and ecclesiastical chancellors , book collectors , educators , and writers , who by the late fifteenth century began to be referred to as umanisti " humanists " . it developed during the fourteenth and the beginning of the fifte...
what was the main action of humanism during the renaissance
cultural and educational reform
132
10
4
renaissance humanism was an activity of cultural and educational reform engaged in by civic and ecclesiastical chancellors , book collectors , educators , and writers , who by the late fifteenth century began to be referred to as umanisti " humanists " . it developed during the fourteenth and the beginning of the fifte...
when did a new term for those who followed humanism emerge ?
late fifteenth century
132
12
3
renaissance humanism was an activity of cultural and educational reform engaged in by civic and ecclesiastical chancellors , book collectors , educators , and writers , who by the late fifteenth century began to be referred to as umanisti " humanists " . it developed during the fourteenth and the beginning of the fifte...
where was one main concentration of humanism ?
naples
132
8
1
renaissance humanism was an activity of cultural and educational reform engaged in by civic and ecclesiastical chancellors , book collectors , educators , and writers , who by the late fifteenth century began to be referred to as umanisti " humanists " . it developed during the fourteenth and the beginning of the fifte...
what was the new term for believers of humanism philosophy ?
umanisti
132
11
1
humanists reacted against this utilitarian approach and the narrow pedantry associated with it . they sought to create a citizenry ( frequently including women ) able to speak and write with eloquence and clarity and thus capable of engaging the civic life of their communities and persuading others to virtuous and prud...
what was it about the utilitatian beliefs that humanism believers did not like ?
narrow pedantry
129
14
2
humanists reacted against this utilitarian approach and the narrow pedantry associated with it . they sought to create a citizenry ( frequently including women ) able to speak and write with eloquence and clarity and thus capable of engaging the civic life of their communities and persuading others to virtuous and prud...
what group that had been to this point neglected was included in this thought ?
women
129
15
1
humanists reacted against this utilitarian approach and the narrow pedantry associated with it . they sought to create a citizenry ( frequently including women ) able to speak and write with eloquence and clarity and thus capable of engaging the civic life of their communities and persuading others to virtuous and prud...
what foundation of study allowed for the accomplishment of the goal of a scholarly people ?
humanities
129
16
1
humanists reacted against this utilitarian approach and the narrow pedantry associated with it . they sought to create a citizenry ( frequently including women ) able to speak and write with eloquence and clarity and thus capable of engaging the civic life of their communities and persuading others to virtuous and prud...
was the humanism of the time limited to scholars ?
pervasive cultural mode
129
10
3
davies identifies paine ' s the age of reason as " the link between the two major narratives of what jean fran ois lyotard calls the narrative of legitimation " : the rationalism of the 18th century philosophes and the radical , historically based german 19th century biblical criticism of the hegelians david friedrich ...
what writing was considered a bridge between two other major writings ?
the age of reason
172
12
4
davies identifies paine ' s the age of reason as " the link between the two major narratives of what jean fran ois lyotard calls the narrative of legitimation " : the rationalism of the 18th century philosophes and the radical , historically based german 19th century biblical criticism of the hegelians david friedrich ...
which century was the first writing from ?
18th century
172
8
2
davies identifies paine ' s the age of reason as " the link between the two major narratives of what jean fran ois lyotard calls the narrative of legitimation " : the rationalism of the 18th century philosophes and the radical , historically based german 19th century biblical criticism of the hegelians david friedrich ...
who states imply that humans are their own gods ?
feuerbach
172
10
1
davies identifies paine ' s the age of reason as " the link between the two major narratives of what jean fran ois lyotard calls the narrative of legitimation " : the rationalism of the 18th century philosophes and the radical , historically based german 19th century biblical criticism of the hegelians david friedrich ...
what was the origin of the second writing ?
german
172
9
1
earth was initially molten due to extreme volcanism and frequent collisions with other bodies . eventually , the outer layer of the planet cooled to form a solid crust when water began accumulating in the atmosphere . the moon formed soon afterwards , possibly as the result of a mars sized object with about 10 of the e...
the initial state of earth was what ?
molten
130
8
1
earth was initially molten due to extreme volcanism and frequent collisions with other bodies . eventually , the outer layer of the planet cooled to form a solid crust when water began accumulating in the atmosphere . the moon formed soon afterwards , possibly as the result of a mars sized object with about 10 of the e...
what formed on the outside of the earth after it cooled ?
a solid crust
130
12
3
earth was initially molten due to extreme volcanism and frequent collisions with other bodies . eventually , the outer layer of the planet cooled to form a solid crust when water began accumulating in the atmosphere . the moon formed soon afterwards , possibly as the result of a mars sized object with about 10 of the e...
how does the mass of the moon compare to earth ?
about 10 of the earth ' s mass
130
11
8
earth was initially molten due to extreme volcanism and frequent collisions with other bodies . eventually , the outer layer of the planet cooled to form a solid crust when water began accumulating in the atmosphere . the moon formed soon afterwards , possibly as the result of a mars sized object with about 10 of the e...
what created a primordial atmosphere on earth ?
outgassing and volcanic activity
130
8
4
earth was initially molten due to extreme volcanism and frequent collisions with other bodies . eventually , the outer layer of the planet cooled to form a solid crust when water began accumulating in the atmosphere . the moon formed soon afterwards , possibly as the result of a mars sized object with about 10 of the e...
ice from what source helped to create earths oceans ?
comets
130
10
1
earth was initially molten due to extreme volcanism and frequent collisions with other bodies . eventually , the outer layer of the planet cooled to form a solid crust when water began accumulating in the atmosphere . the moon formed soon afterwards , possibly as the result of a mars sized object with about 10 of the e...
powerful volcanism contributed to cause early earth to be in what state ?
molten
130
13
1
earth was initially molten due to extreme volcanism and frequent collisions with other bodies . eventually , the outer layer of the planet cooled to form a solid crust when water began accumulating in the atmosphere . the moon formed soon afterwards , possibly as the result of a mars sized object with about 10 of the e...
what occurred in the atmosphere of the earth after the crust was formed ?
water began accumulating
130
14
3
earth was initially molten due to extreme volcanism and frequent collisions with other bodies . eventually , the outer layer of the planet cooled to form a solid crust when water began accumulating in the atmosphere . the moon formed soon afterwards , possibly as the result of a mars sized object with about 10 of the e...
what size of object may have created the moon ?
mars
130
10
1
earth was initially molten due to extreme volcanism and frequent collisions with other bodies . eventually , the outer layer of the planet cooled to form a solid crust when water began accumulating in the atmosphere . the moon formed soon afterwards , possibly as the result of a mars sized object with about 10 of the e...
when water was creating the oceans what was happening to atmospheric water vapor ?
condensing
130
14
1
the earth of the early archean ( 4 , 000 to 2 , 500 million years ago ) may have had a different tectonic style . during this time , the earth ' s crust cooled enough that rocks and continental plates began to form . some scientists think because the earth was hotter , that plate tectonic activity was more vigorous tha...
during what time period was the archean era ?
4 , 000 to 2 , 500 million years ago
125
9
10
the earth of the early archean ( 4 , 000 to 2 , 500 million years ago ) may have had a different tectonic style . during this time , the earth ' s crust cooled enough that rocks and continental plates began to form . some scientists think because the earth was hotter , that plate tectonic activity was more vigorous tha...
during what period did the earths crust cooling allow the creation of plates ?
archean
125
14
1
the earth of the early archean ( 4 , 000 to 2 , 500 million years ago ) may have had a different tectonic style . during this time , the earth ' s crust cooled enough that rocks and continental plates began to form . some scientists think because the earth was hotter , that plate tectonic activity was more vigorous tha...
it is believed that a very warm earth would lead to more recycling of what ?
crustal material
125
16
2
the earth of the early archean ( 4 , 000 to 2 , 500 million years ago ) may have had a different tectonic style . during this time , the earth ' s crust cooled enough that rocks and continental plates began to form . some scientists think because the earth was hotter , that plate tectonic activity was more vigorous tha...
what might have a very hot earth stopped from occurring ?
cratonisation and continent formation
125
11
4
the earth of the early archean ( 4 , 000 to 2 , 500 million years ago ) may have had a different tectonic style . during this time , the earth ' s crust cooled enough that rocks and continental plates began to form . some scientists think because the earth was hotter , that plate tectonic activity was more vigorous tha...
what do some believe accounts for the small amount of archean rocks ?
erosion and subsequent tectonic events
125
13
5
in contrast to the proterozoic , archean rocks are often heavily metamorphized deep water sediments , such as graywackes , mudstones , volcanic sediments and banded iron formations . greenstone belts are typical archean formations , consisting of alternating high and low grade metamorphic rocks . the high grade rocks w...
what are archean rocks composed of , in general ?
metamorphized deep water sediments
89
10
4
in contrast to the proterozoic , archean rocks are often heavily metamorphized deep water sediments , such as graywackes , mudstones , volcanic sediments and banded iron formations . greenstone belts are typical archean formations , consisting of alternating high and low grade metamorphic rocks . the high grade rocks w...
what type of formation is indicated by low and high grade metamorphic rocks ?
greenstone
89
14
1
in contrast to the proterozoic , archean rocks are often heavily metamorphized deep water sediments , such as graywackes , mudstones , volcanic sediments and banded iron formations . greenstone belts are typical archean formations , consisting of alternating high and low grade metamorphic rocks . the high grade rocks w...
from where did high grade archean rocks originate ?
volcanic island arcs
89
9
3
in contrast to the proterozoic , archean rocks are often heavily metamorphized deep water sediments , such as graywackes , mudstones , volcanic sediments and banded iron formations . greenstone belts are typical archean formations , consisting of alternating high and low grade metamorphic rocks . the high grade rocks w...
low grade metamorphic rocks are composed of what , generally ?
deep sea sediments
89
11
3
in contrast to the proterozoic , archean rocks are often heavily metamorphized deep water sediments , such as graywackes , mudstones , volcanic sediments and banded iron formations . greenstone belts are typical archean formations , consisting of alternating high and low grade metamorphic rocks . the high grade rocks w...
what is a greenstone belt ?
sutured protocontinents
89
6
2
the geologic record of the proterozoic ( 2 , 500 to 541 million years ago ) is more complete than that for the preceding archean . in contrast to the deep water deposits of the archean , the proterozoic features many strata that were laid down in extensive shallow epicontinental seas furthermore , many of these rocks a...
during what time period did the proterozoic era occur ?
2 , 500 to 541 million years ago
129
10
8
the geologic record of the proterozoic ( 2 , 500 to 541 million years ago ) is more complete than that for the preceding archean . in contrast to the deep water deposits of the archean , the proterozoic features many strata that were laid down in extensive shallow epicontinental seas furthermore , many of these rocks a...
what era came before the proterozoic era ?
archean
129
8
1
the geologic record of the proterozoic ( 2 , 500 to 541 million years ago ) is more complete than that for the preceding archean . in contrast to the deep water deposits of the archean , the proterozoic features many strata that were laid down in extensive shallow epicontinental seas furthermore , many of these rocks a...
in what type of sea did typical proterozoic geology come to be ?
shallow epicontinental seas
129
13
3
the geologic record of the proterozoic ( 2 , 500 to 541 million years ago ) is more complete than that for the preceding archean . in contrast to the deep water deposits of the archean , the proterozoic features many strata that were laid down in extensive shallow epicontinental seas furthermore , many of these rocks a...
what type of continental behavior was unique to the proterozoic ?
rapid continental accretion
129
11
3
the geologic record of the proterozoic ( 2 , 500 to 541 million years ago ) is more complete than that for the preceding archean . in contrast to the deep water deposits of the archean , the proterozoic features many strata that were laid down in extensive shallow epicontinental seas furthermore , many of these rocks a...
what is the name for the large super continent that broke apart 750 million years ago ?
rodinia
129
17
1
the paleozoic spanned from roughly 541 to 252 million years ago ( ma ) and is subdivided into six geologic periods from oldest to youngest they are the cambrian , ordovician , silurian , devonian , carboniferous and permian . geologically , the paleozoic starts shortly after the breakup of a supercontinent called panno...
during what period was the paleozoic era ?
541 to 252 million years ago
113
8
6
the paleozoic spanned from roughly 541 to 252 million years ago ( ma ) and is subdivided into six geologic periods from oldest to youngest they are the cambrian , ordovician , silurian , devonian , carboniferous and permian . geologically , the paleozoic starts shortly after the breakup of a supercontinent called panno...
how many periods of geology are within the paleozoic era ?
six
113
11
1
the paleozoic spanned from roughly 541 to 252 million years ago ( ma ) and is subdivided into six geologic periods from oldest to youngest they are the cambrian , ordovician , silurian , devonian , carboniferous and permian . geologically , the paleozoic starts shortly after the breakup of a supercontinent called panno...
the permian is an example of what ?
geologic periods
113
8
2
the paleozoic spanned from roughly 541 to 252 million years ago ( ma ) and is subdivided into six geologic periods from oldest to youngest they are the cambrian , ordovician , silurian , devonian , carboniferous and permian . geologically , the paleozoic starts shortly after the breakup of a supercontinent called panno...
after what continental event did the paleozoic begin ?
breakup of a supercontinent called pannotia
113
9
6
the paleozoic spanned from roughly 541 to 252 million years ago ( ma ) and is subdivided into six geologic periods from oldest to youngest they are the cambrian , ordovician , silurian , devonian , carboniferous and permian . geologically , the paleozoic starts shortly after the breakup of a supercontinent called panno...
what continent was formed at the end of the paleozoic ?
pangaea
113
11
1
the cambrian is a major division of the geologic timescale that begins about 541 . 0 1 . 0 ma . cambrian continents are thought to have resulted from the breakup of a neoproterozoic supercontinent called pannotia . the waters of the cambrian period appear to have been widespread and shallow . continental drift rates ma...
at what rough time did the cambrian era start ?
541 . 0 1 . 0 ma .
111
10
8
the cambrian is a major division of the geologic timescale that begins about 541 . 0 1 . 0 ma . cambrian continents are thought to have resulted from the breakup of a neoproterozoic supercontinent called pannotia . the waters of the cambrian period appear to have been widespread and shallow . continental drift rates ma...
what were the continents of the cambrian area believed to have formerly been a part of ?
pannotia
111
17
1
the cambrian is a major division of the geologic timescale that begins about 541 . 0 1 . 0 ma . cambrian continents are thought to have resulted from the breakup of a neoproterozoic supercontinent called pannotia . the waters of the cambrian period appear to have been widespread and shallow . continental drift rates ma...
what continent moved to the southern most part of the earth in the cambrian era ?
gondwana
111
16
1
the cambrian is a major division of the geologic timescale that begins about 541 . 0 1 . 0 ma . cambrian continents are thought to have resulted from the breakup of a neoproterozoic supercontinent called pannotia . the waters of the cambrian period appear to have been widespread and shallow . continental drift rates ma...
what continent ranged over the majority of the southern hemisphere of earth in the cambrian ?
panthalassa
111
16
1
the cambrian is a major division of the geologic timescale that begins about 541 . 0 1 . 0 ma . cambrian continents are thought to have resulted from the breakup of a neoproterozoic supercontinent called pannotia . the waters of the cambrian period appear to have been widespread and shallow . continental drift rates ma...
baltica and sibera are examples of what thing , during the cambrian era ?
independent continents
111
14
2
the ordovician period started at a major extinction event called the cambrian ordovician extinction events some time about 485 . 4 1 . 9 ma . during the ordovician the southern continents were collected into a single continent called gondwana . gondwana started the period in the equatorial latitudes and , as the period...
how long ago did the ordovician period begin ?
485 . 4 1 . 9 ma .
155
9
8
the ordovician period started at a major extinction event called the cambrian ordovician extinction events some time about 485 . 4 1 . 9 ma . during the ordovician the southern continents were collected into a single continent called gondwana . gondwana started the period in the equatorial latitudes and , as the period...
which event precipitated the ordovician period ?
the cambrian ordovician extinction
155
7
4
the ordovician period started at a major extinction event called the cambrian ordovician extinction events some time about 485 . 4 1 . 9 ma . during the ordovician the southern continents were collected into a single continent called gondwana . gondwana started the period in the equatorial latitudes and , as the period...
what was the name of the large southernmost continent during the ordovician ?
gondwana
155
13
1
the ordovician period started at a major extinction event called the cambrian ordovician extinction events some time about 485 . 4 1 . 9 ma . during the ordovician the southern continents were collected into a single continent called gondwana . gondwana started the period in the equatorial latitudes and , as the period...
which ocean decreased in size with the movement of baltica in the ordovician ?
iapetus ocean
155
14
2
the ordovician period started at a major extinction event called the cambrian ordovician extinction events some time about 485 . 4 1 . 9 ma . during the ordovician the southern continents were collected into a single continent called gondwana . gondwana started the period in the equatorial latitudes and , as the period...
what continent fractured off gondwana in the direction of laurentia ?
avalonia
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the most commonly accepted theory is that these events were triggered by the onset of an ice age , in the hirnantian faunal stage that ended the long , stable greenhouse conditions typical of the ordovician . the ice age was probably not as long lasting as once thought study of oxygen isotopes in fossil brachiopods sho...
what type of climate was normal in the ordovician period ?
stable greenhouse conditions
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the most commonly accepted theory is that these events were triggered by the onset of an ice age , in the hirnantian faunal stage that ended the long , stable greenhouse conditions typical of the ordovician . the ice age was probably not as long lasting as once thought study of oxygen isotopes in fossil brachiopods sho...
what ice age signaled the end of the normal climate in the ordovician period ?
the hirnantian faunal stage
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the most commonly accepted theory is that these events were triggered by the onset of an ice age , in the hirnantian faunal stage that ended the long , stable greenhouse conditions typical of the ordovician . the ice age was probably not as long lasting as once thought study of oxygen isotopes in fossil brachiopods sho...
oxygen from what kind of fossil were used to date the hirnantian faunal stage ?
brachiopods
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the most commonly accepted theory is that these events were triggered by the onset of an ice age , in the hirnantian faunal stage that ended the long , stable greenhouse conditions typical of the ordovician . the ice age was probably not as long lasting as once thought study of oxygen isotopes in fossil brachiopods sho...
how many years is the hirnantian faunal stage believed to have lasted ?
0 . 5 to 1 . 5 million years
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the most commonly accepted theory is that these events were triggered by the onset of an ice age , in the hirnantian faunal stage that ended the long , stable greenhouse conditions typical of the ordovician . the ice age was probably not as long lasting as once thought study of oxygen isotopes in fossil brachiopods sho...
what started to develop on gondwana as it moved over the south pole ?
ice caps
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the silurian is a major division of the geologic timescale that started about 443 . 8 1 . 5 ma . during the silurian , gondwana continued a slow southward drift to high southern latitudes , but there is evidence that the silurian ice caps were less extensive than those of the late ordovician glaciation . the melting of...
when was the silurian period believed to have begun ?
443 . 8 1 . 5 ma .
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the silurian is a major division of the geologic timescale that started about 443 . 8 1 . 5 ma . during the silurian , gondwana continued a slow southward drift to high southern latitudes , but there is evidence that the silurian ice caps were less extensive than those of the late ordovician glaciation . the melting of...
compared to the ordovician glaciation , how big were the ice caps on gondwana during the silurian ?
less extensive
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the silurian is a major division of the geologic timescale that started about 443 . 8 1 . 5 ma . during the silurian , gondwana continued a slow southward drift to high southern latitudes , but there is evidence that the silurian ice caps were less extensive than those of the late ordovician glaciation . the melting of...
what did the melting of ice on gondwana add to ?
a rise in sea levels
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the silurian is a major division of the geologic timescale that started about 443 . 8 1 . 5 ma . during the silurian , gondwana continued a slow southward drift to high southern latitudes , but there is evidence that the silurian ice caps were less extensive than those of the late ordovician glaciation . the melting of...
which supercontinent formed during the silurian ?
euramerica
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the silurian is a major division of the geologic timescale that started about 443 . 8 1 . 5 ma . during the silurian , gondwana continued a slow southward drift to high southern latitudes , but there is evidence that the silurian ice caps were less extensive than those of the late ordovician glaciation . the melting of...
which ocean ranged the majority of the northern hemisphere in the silurian period ?
panthalassa
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a global drop in sea level at the end of the devonian reversed early in the carboniferous this created the widespread epicontinental seas and carbonate deposition of the mississippian . there was also a drop in south polar temperatures southern gondwana was glaciated throughout the period , though it is uncertain if th...
what occurred to the level of the sea when the devonian period was finished ?
a global drop
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a global drop in sea level at the end of the devonian reversed early in the carboniferous this created the widespread epicontinental seas and carbonate deposition of the mississippian . there was also a drop in south polar temperatures southern gondwana was glaciated throughout the period , though it is uncertain if th...
during which period were epicontinental seas created ?
carboniferous
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a global drop in sea level at the end of the devonian reversed early in the carboniferous this created the widespread epicontinental seas and carbonate deposition of the mississippian . there was also a drop in south polar temperatures southern gondwana was glaciated throughout the period , though it is uncertain if th...
what was on the land at 30 degrees latitude north in the carboniferous period ?
lush coal swamps
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a global drop in sea level at the end of the devonian reversed early in the carboniferous this created the widespread epicontinental seas and carbonate deposition of the mississippian . there was also a drop in south polar temperatures southern gondwana was glaciated throughout the period , though it is uncertain if th...
what was the result in the decline in sea level in the middle of the carboniferous period ?
a major marine extinction
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a global drop in sea level at the end of the devonian reversed early in the carboniferous this created the widespread epicontinental seas and carbonate deposition of the mississippian . there was also a drop in south polar temperatures southern gondwana was glaciated throughout the period , though it is uncertain if th...
the pennsylvania period is separated by the drop in carboniferous era sea levels from what other period ?
mississippian period
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the carboniferous was a time of active mountain building , as the supercontinent pangea came together . the southern continents remained tied together in the supercontinent gondwana , which collided with north america europe ( laurussia ) along the present line of eastern north america . this continental collision resu...
what geologic events took place when pangea combined during the carboniferous ?
mountain building
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the carboniferous was a time of active mountain building , as the supercontinent pangea came together . the southern continents remained tied together in the supercontinent gondwana , which collided with north america europe ( laurussia ) along the present line of eastern north america . this continental collision resu...
what was the continent that came to be north america and europe called during the carboniferous ?
laurussia
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the carboniferous was a time of active mountain building , as the supercontinent pangea came together . the southern continents remained tied together in the supercontinent gondwana , which collided with north america europe ( laurussia ) along the present line of eastern north america . this continental collision resu...
what was the effect of laurussia impacting gondwana in north america ?
the alleghenian orogeny
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the carboniferous was a time of active mountain building , as the supercontinent pangea came together . the southern continents remained tied together in the supercontinent gondwana , which collided with north america europe ( laurussia ) along the present line of eastern north america . this continental collision resu...
the mountains forming to the southwest of the appalachians in the carboniferous are known as what ?
the ouachita mountains
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the carboniferous was a time of active mountain building , as the supercontinent pangea came together . the southern continents remained tied together in the supercontinent gondwana , which collided with north america europe ( laurussia ) along the present line of eastern north america . this continental collision resu...
which two large oceans existed during the carboniferous period ?
the panthalassa and paleo tethys
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during the permian all the earth ' s major land masses , except portions of east asia , were collected into a single supercontinent known as pangaea . pangaea straddled the equator and extended toward the poles , with a corresponding effect on ocean currents in the single great ocean ( panthalassa , the universal sea )...
what supercontinent prevailed during the permian era ?
pangaea
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