context stringlengths 152 1.15k | question stringlengths 13 207 | answer stringlengths 1 171 ⌀ | context_length int64 22 175 | question_length int64 3 30 | answer_length int64 0 30 |
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colquhoun ' s utilitarian approach to the problem using a cost benefit argument to obtain support from businesses standing to benefit allowed him to achieve what henry and john fielding failed for their bow street detectives . unlike the stipendiary system at bow street , the river police were full time , salaried offi... | how did the bow street group pay their employees ? | stipendiary system | 112 | 10 | 2 |
colquhoun ' s utilitarian approach to the problem using a cost benefit argument to obtain support from businesses standing to benefit allowed him to achieve what henry and john fielding failed for their bow street detectives . unlike the stipendiary system at bow street , the river police were full time , salaried offi... | who started the bow street detectives ? | henry and john fielding | 112 | 7 | 4 |
colquhoun ' s utilitarian approach to the problem using a cost benefit argument to obtain support from businesses standing to benefit allowed him to achieve what henry and john fielding failed for their bow street detectives . unlike the stipendiary system at bow street , the river police were full time , salaried offi... | who came up with the concept of the ' new ' police ? | robert peel | 112 | 13 | 2 |
colquhoun ' s utilitarian approach to the problem using a cost benefit argument to obtain support from businesses standing to benefit allowed him to achieve what henry and john fielding failed for their bow street detectives . unlike the stipendiary system at bow street , the river police were full time , salaried offi... | how did the thames river police pay their employees ? | full time , salaried officers prohibited from taking private fees | 112 | 10 | 10 |
colquhoun ' s utilitarian approach to the problem using a cost benefit argument to obtain support from businesses standing to benefit allowed him to achieve what henry and john fielding failed for their bow street detectives . unlike the stipendiary system at bow street , the river police were full time , salaried offi... | what schedule did the thames river police employees work ? | full time | 112 | 10 | 2 |
meanwhile , the authorities in glasgow , scotland successfully petitioned the government to pass the glasgow police act establishing the city of glasgow police in 1800 . other scottish towns soon followed suit and set up their own police forces through acts of parliament . in ireland , the irish constabulary act of 182... | which law established glasgow ' s police ? | glasgow police act | 99 | 8 | 3 |
meanwhile , the authorities in glasgow , scotland successfully petitioned the government to pass the glasgow police act establishing the city of glasgow police in 1800 . other scottish towns soon followed suit and set up their own police forces through acts of parliament . in ireland , the irish constabulary act of 182... | when was glasgow ' s police force established ? | 1800 | 99 | 9 | 1 |
meanwhile , the authorities in glasgow , scotland successfully petitioned the government to pass the glasgow police act establishing the city of glasgow police in 1800 . other scottish towns soon followed suit and set up their own police forces through acts of parliament . in ireland , the irish constabulary act of 182... | which law established ireland ' s police ? | irish constabulary act | 99 | 8 | 3 |
meanwhile , the authorities in glasgow , scotland successfully petitioned the government to pass the glasgow police act establishing the city of glasgow police in 1800 . other scottish towns soon followed suit and set up their own police forces through acts of parliament . in ireland , the irish constabulary act of 182... | when was ireland ' s police force established ? | 1822 | 99 | 9 | 1 |
meanwhile , the authorities in glasgow , scotland successfully petitioned the government to pass the glasgow police act establishing the city of glasgow police in 1800 . other scottish towns soon followed suit and set up their own police forces through acts of parliament . in ireland , the irish constabulary act of 182... | what was ireland ' s police force called ? | royal irish constabulary | 99 | 9 | 3 |
peel , widely regarded as the father of modern policing , was heavily influenced by the social and legal philosophy of jeremy bentham , who called for a strong and centralized , but politically neutral , police force for the maintenance of social order , for the protection of people from crime and to act as a visible d... | who was the ' father of modern policing ' ? | peel | 95 | 10 | 1 |
peel , widely regarded as the father of modern policing , was heavily influenced by the social and legal philosophy of jeremy bentham , who called for a strong and centralized , but politically neutral , police force for the maintenance of social order , for the protection of people from crime and to act as a visible d... | whose philosophy influenced peel ? | jeremy bentham | 95 | 5 | 2 |
peel , widely regarded as the father of modern policing , was heavily influenced by the social and legal philosophy of jeremy bentham , who called for a strong and centralized , but politically neutral , police force for the maintenance of social order , for the protection of people from crime and to act as a visible d... | what political position did bentham think police should have ? | neutral | 95 | 10 | 1 |
peel , widely regarded as the father of modern policing , was heavily influenced by the social and legal philosophy of jeremy bentham , who called for a strong and centralized , but politically neutral , police force for the maintenance of social order , for the protection of people from crime and to act as a visible d... | how did peel standardize police ? | as an official paid profession | 95 | 6 | 5 |
peel , widely regarded as the father of modern policing , was heavily influenced by the social and legal philosophy of jeremy bentham , who called for a strong and centralized , but politically neutral , police force for the maintenance of social order , for the protection of people from crime and to act as a visible d... | how did peel organize police ? | in a civilian fashion | 95 | 6 | 4 |
the 1829 metropolitan police act created a modern police force by limiting the purview of the force and its powers , and envisioning it as merely an organ of the judicial system . their job was apolitical to maintain the peace and apprehend criminals for the courts to process according to the law . this was very differ... | when was the metropolitan police act passed ? | 1829 | 105 | 8 | 1 |
the 1829 metropolitan police act created a modern police force by limiting the purview of the force and its powers , and envisioning it as merely an organ of the judicial system . their job was apolitical to maintain the peace and apprehend criminals for the courts to process according to the law . this was very differ... | what did the metropolitan police act say police were a subset of ? | the judicial system | 105 | 13 | 3 |
the 1829 metropolitan police act created a modern police force by limiting the purview of the force and its powers , and envisioning it as merely an organ of the judicial system . their job was apolitical to maintain the peace and apprehend criminals for the courts to process according to the law . this was very differ... | where was the ' continental model ' of police from ? | france | 105 | 11 | 1 |
the 1829 metropolitan police act created a modern police force by limiting the purview of the force and its powers , and envisioning it as merely an organ of the judicial system . their job was apolitical to maintain the peace and apprehend criminals for the courts to process according to the law . this was very differ... | what part of the government did french police work under ? | the authority of the monarch | 105 | 11 | 5 |
in 1566 , the first police investigator of rio de janeiro was recruited . by the 17th century , most captaincies already had local units with law enforcement functions . on july 9 , 1775 a cavalry regiment was created in the state of minas gerais for maintaining law and order . in 1808 , the portuguese royal family rel... | when did rio get its first police investigator ? | 1566 | 138 | 9 | 1 |
in 1566 , the first police investigator of rio de janeiro was recruited . by the 17th century , most captaincies already had local units with law enforcement functions . on july 9 , 1775 a cavalry regiment was created in the state of minas gerais for maintaining law and order . in 1808 , the portuguese royal family rel... | how had the rio police grown by the 17th century ? | most captaincies already had local units with law enforcement functions | 138 | 11 | 10 |
in 1566 , the first police investigator of rio de janeiro was recruited . by the 17th century , most captaincies already had local units with law enforcement functions . on july 9 , 1775 a cavalry regiment was created in the state of minas gerais for maintaining law and order . in 1808 , the portuguese royal family rel... | when did minas gerais get a cavalry regiment ? | july 9 , 1775 | 138 | 9 | 4 |
in 1566 , the first police investigator of rio de janeiro was recruited . by the 17th century , most captaincies already had local units with law enforcement functions . on july 9 , 1775 a cavalry regiment was created in the state of minas gerais for maintaining law and order . in 1808 , the portuguese royal family rel... | where did the portuguese royal family move in 1808 ? | brazil | 138 | 10 | 1 |
in 1566 , the first police investigator of rio de janeiro was recruited . by the 17th century , most captaincies already had local units with law enforcement functions . on july 9 , 1775 a cavalry regiment was created in the state of minas gerais for maintaining law and order . in 1808 , the portuguese royal family rel... | who invaded portugal in 1808 ? | french | 138 | 6 | 1 |
in canada , the royal newfoundland constabulary was founded in 1729 , making it the first police force in present day canada . it was followed in 1834 by the toronto police , and in 1838 by police forces in montreal and quebec city . a national force , the dominion police , was founded in 1868 . initially the dominion ... | when did canada get its first police ? | 1729 | 102 | 8 | 1 |
in canada , the royal newfoundland constabulary was founded in 1729 , making it the first police force in present day canada . it was followed in 1834 by the toronto police , and in 1838 by police forces in montreal and quebec city . a national force , the dominion police , was founded in 1868 . initially the dominion ... | what was canada ' s first police force ? | royal newfoundland constabulary | 102 | 9 | 3 |
in canada , the royal newfoundland constabulary was founded in 1729 , making it the first police force in present day canada . it was followed in 1834 by the toronto police , and in 1838 by police forces in montreal and quebec city . a national force , the dominion police , was founded in 1868 . initially the dominion ... | when was the toronto police created ? | 1834 | 102 | 7 | 1 |
in canada , the royal newfoundland constabulary was founded in 1729 , making it the first police force in present day canada . it was followed in 1834 by the toronto police , and in 1838 by police forces in montreal and quebec city . a national force , the dominion police , was founded in 1868 . initially the dominion ... | when was the montreal police created ? | 1838 | 102 | 7 | 1 |
in canada , the royal newfoundland constabulary was founded in 1729 , making it the first police force in present day canada . it was followed in 1834 by the toronto police , and in 1838 by police forces in montreal and quebec city . a national force , the dominion police , was founded in 1868 . initially the dominion ... | when were the first mounties created ? | 1873 | 102 | 7 | 1 |
in the american old west , policing was often of very poor quality . citation needed the army often provided some policing alongside poorly resourced sheriffs and temporarily organized posses . citation needed public organizations were supplemented by private contractors , notably the pinkerton national detective agenc... | what were the old west ' s local police options ? | poorly resourced sheriffs and temporarily organized posses | 83 | 11 | 7 |
in the american old west , policing was often of very poor quality . citation needed the army often provided some policing alongside poorly resourced sheriffs and temporarily organized posses . citation needed public organizations were supplemented by private contractors , notably the pinkerton national detective agenc... | which military branch helped the old west ' s inadequate local police ? | the army | 83 | 13 | 2 |
in the american old west , policing was often of very poor quality . citation needed the army often provided some policing alongside poorly resourced sheriffs and temporarily organized posses . citation needed public organizations were supplemented by private contractors , notably the pinkerton national detective agenc... | which military branch did the pinkertons exceed at their height ? | army | 83 | 11 | 1 |
in the american old west , policing was often of very poor quality . citation needed the army often provided some policing alongside poorly resourced sheriffs and temporarily organized posses . citation needed public organizations were supplemented by private contractors , notably the pinkerton national detective agenc... | which private contractor acted as police for businesses ? | pinkerton national detective agency | 83 | 9 | 4 |
as conceptualized by the polizeiwissenschaft , according to foucault the police had an administrative , economic and social duty ( " procuring abundance " ) . it was in charge of demographic concerns and needed to be incorporated within the western political philosophy system of raison d ' tat and therefore giving the ... | which economic theory did foucault say supported the police ? | mercantilist theory | 131 | 10 | 2 |
as conceptualized by the polizeiwissenschaft , according to foucault the police had an administrative , economic and social duty ( " procuring abundance " ) . it was in charge of demographic concerns and needed to be incorporated within the western political philosophy system of raison d ' tat and therefore giving the ... | how did foucault describe the social duty of police ? | procuring abundance | 131 | 10 | 2 |
as conceptualized by the polizeiwissenschaft , according to foucault the police had an administrative , economic and social duty ( " procuring abundance " ) . it was in charge of demographic concerns and needed to be incorporated within the western political philosophy system of raison d ' tat and therefore giving the ... | who wrote about polizeiwissenschaft ? | foucault | 131 | 5 | 1 |
as conceptualized by the polizeiwissenschaft , according to foucault the police had an administrative , economic and social duty ( " procuring abundance " ) . it was in charge of demographic concerns and needed to be incorporated within the western political philosophy system of raison d ' tat and therefore giving the ... | why did the functions of police grow beyond law enforcement to urban planning ? | because of the miasma theory of disease thus , cemeteries were moved out of town , etc . | 131 | 14 | 18 |
edwin chadwick ' s 1829 article , " preventive police " in the london review , argued that prevention ought to be the primary concern of a police body , which was not the case in practice . the reason , argued chadwick , was that " a preventive police would act more immediately by placing difficulties in obtaining the ... | who wrote ' preventive police ' ? | edwin chadwick | 166 | 7 | 2 |
edwin chadwick ' s 1829 article , " preventive police " in the london review , argued that prevention ought to be the primary concern of a police body , which was not the case in practice . the reason , argued chadwick , was that " a preventive police would act more immediately by placing difficulties in obtaining the ... | when was ' preventive police ' published ? | 1829 | 166 | 8 | 1 |
edwin chadwick ' s 1829 article , " preventive police " in the london review , argued that prevention ought to be the primary concern of a police body , which was not the case in practice . the reason , argued chadwick , was that " a preventive police would act more immediately by placing difficulties in obtaining the ... | where was ' preventive police ' published ? | london review | 166 | 8 | 2 |
edwin chadwick ' s 1829 article , " preventive police " in the london review , argued that prevention ought to be the primary concern of a police body , which was not the case in practice . the reason , argued chadwick , was that " a preventive police would act more immediately by placing difficulties in obtaining the ... | what did chadwick say police should be focused on ? | prevention | 166 | 10 | 1 |
edwin chadwick ' s 1829 article , " preventive police " in the london review , argued that prevention ought to be the primary concern of a police body , which was not the case in practice . the reason , argued chadwick , was that " a preventive police would act more immediately by placing difficulties in obtaining the ... | what was the alternative to prevention ? | a deterrent of punishment | 166 | 7 | 4 |
despite popular conceptions promoted by movies and television , many us police departments prefer not to maintain officers in non patrol bureaus and divisions beyond a certain period of time , such as in the detective bureau , and instead maintain policies that limit service in such divisions to a specified period of t... | what do some police departments make detectives go back to periodically ? | patrol duties | 121 | 12 | 2 |
despite popular conceptions promoted by movies and television , many us police departments prefer not to maintain officers in non patrol bureaus and divisions beyond a certain period of time , such as in the detective bureau , and instead maintain policies that limit service in such divisions to a specified period of t... | where do some think the most important police work happens ? | on patrol | 121 | 11 | 2 |
despite popular conceptions promoted by movies and television , many us police departments prefer not to maintain officers in non patrol bureaus and divisions beyond a certain period of time , such as in the detective bureau , and instead maintain policies that limit service in such divisions to a specified period of t... | how do patrol officers affect crime ? | prevent crime by their presence | 121 | 7 | 5 |
the terms international policing , transnational policing , and or global policing began to be used from the early 1990s onwards to describe forms of policing that transcended the boundaries of the sovereign nation state ( nadelmann , 1993 ) , ( sheptycki , 1995 ) . these terms refer in variable ways to practices and f... | when did nadelmann write about global policing ? | 1993 | 116 | 8 | 1 |
the terms international policing , transnational policing , and or global policing began to be used from the early 1990s onwards to describe forms of policing that transcended the boundaries of the sovereign nation state ( nadelmann , 1993 ) , ( sheptycki , 1995 ) . these terms refer in variable ways to practices and f... | when did sheptycki write about global policing ? | 1995 | 116 | 8 | 1 |
the terms international policing , transnational policing , and or global policing began to be used from the early 1990s onwards to describe forms of policing that transcended the boundaries of the sovereign nation state ( nadelmann , 1993 ) , ( sheptycki , 1995 ) . these terms refer in variable ways to practices and f... | what terms have been used to describe policing beyond one country ? | international policing , transnational policing , and or global policing | 116 | 12 | 10 |
not a lot of empirical work on the practices of inter transnational information and intelligence sharing has been undertaken . a notable exception is james sheptycki ' s study of police cooperation in the english channel region ( 2002 ) , which provides a systematic content analysis of information exchange files and a ... | where did sheptycki study police cooperation ? | the english channel region | 172 | 7 | 4 |
not a lot of empirical work on the practices of inter transnational information and intelligence sharing has been undertaken . a notable exception is james sheptycki ' s study of police cooperation in the english channel region ( 2002 ) , which provides a systematic content analysis of information exchange files and a ... | when did sheptycki write about police cooperation ? | 2002 | 172 | 8 | 1 |
not a lot of empirical work on the practices of inter transnational information and intelligence sharing has been undertaken . a notable exception is james sheptycki ' s study of police cooperation in the english channel region ( 2002 ) , which provides a systematic content analysis of information exchange files and a ... | when did the channel region establish routine cross border policing ? | 1968 | 172 | 11 | 1 |
not a lot of empirical work on the practices of inter transnational information and intelligence sharing has been undertaken . a notable exception is james sheptycki ' s study of police cooperation in the english channel region ( 2002 ) , which provides a systematic content analysis of information exchange files and a ... | when was the schengen treaty signed ? | 1992 | 172 | 7 | 1 |
not a lot of empirical work on the practices of inter transnational information and intelligence sharing has been undertaken . a notable exception is james sheptycki ' s study of police cooperation in the english channel region ( 2002 ) , which provides a systematic content analysis of information exchange files and a ... | what did the schengen treaty do for policing ? | formalized aspects of police information exchange across the territory of the european union | 172 | 9 | 13 |
police development aid to weak , failed or failing states is another form of transnational policing that has garnered attention . this form of transnational policing plays an increasingly important role in united nations peacekeeping and this looks set to grow in the years ahead , especially as the international commun... | where has transnational policing become more important ? | in united nations peacekeeping | 109 | 8 | 4 |
police development aid to weak , failed or failing states is another form of transnational policing that has garnered attention . this form of transnational policing plays an increasingly important role in united nations peacekeeping and this looks set to grow in the years ahead , especially as the international commun... | who wrote about police development aid in 2007 ? | goldsmith and sheptycki | 109 | 9 | 3 |
police development aid to weak , failed or failing states is another form of transnational policing that has garnered attention . this form of transnational policing plays an increasingly important role in united nations peacekeeping and this looks set to grow in the years ahead , especially as the international commun... | what kind of countries get assistance with policing ? | weak , failed or failing states | 109 | 9 | 6 |
police development aid to weak , failed or failing states is another form of transnational policing that has garnered attention . this form of transnational policing plays an increasingly important role in united nations peacekeeping and this looks set to grow in the years ahead , especially as the international commun... | what concern did hills raise about power imbalances ? | with transnational police development aid the imbalances of power between donors and recipients are stark | 109 | 9 | 15 |
police development aid to weak , failed or failing states is another form of transnational policing that has garnered attention . this form of transnational policing plays an increasingly important role in united nations peacekeeping and this looks set to grow in the years ahead , especially as the international commun... | what concern did hills raise about police models ? | there are questions about the applicability and transportability of policing models between jurisdictions | 109 | 9 | 13 |
perhaps the greatest question regarding the future development of transnational policing is : in whose interest is it ? at a more practical level , the question translates into one about how to make transnational policing institutions democratically accountable ( sheptycki , 2004 ) . for example , according to the glob... | who wrote the global accountability report for 2007 ? | lloyd , et al . | 126 | 9 | 5 |
perhaps the greatest question regarding the future development of transnational policing is : in whose interest is it ? at a more practical level , the question translates into one about how to make transnational policing institutions democratically accountable ( sheptycki , 2004 ) . for example , according to the glob... | why is transnational policing so unaccountable ? | this is a secretive area and one not open to civil society involvement | 126 | 7 | 13 |
perhaps the greatest question regarding the future development of transnational policing is : in whose interest is it ? at a more practical level , the question translates into one about how to make transnational policing institutions democratically accountable ( sheptycki , 2004 ) . for example , according to the glob... | how accountable is interpol ? | 22 | 126 | 5 | 1 |
perhaps the greatest question regarding the future development of transnational policing is : in whose interest is it ? at a more practical level , the question translates into one about how to make transnational policing institutions democratically accountable ( sheptycki , 2004 ) . for example , according to the glob... | what is the least accountable igo ? | interpol | 126 | 7 | 1 |
they can also be armed with non lethal ( more accurately known as " less than lethal " or " less lethal " ) weaponry , particularly for riot control . non lethal weapons include batons , tear gas , riot control agents , rubber bullets , riot shields , water cannons and electroshock weapons . police officers often carry... | what should non lethal weapons properly be called ? | " less than lethal " or " less lethal " | 169 | 9 | 10 |
they can also be armed with non lethal ( more accurately known as " less than lethal " or " less lethal " ) weaponry , particularly for riot control . non lethal weapons include batons , tear gas , riot control agents , rubber bullets , riot shields , water cannons and electroshock weapons . police officers often carry... | what are common less lethal weapons ? | batons , tear gas , riot control agents , rubber bullets , riot shields , water cannons and electroshock weapons | 169 | 7 | 20 |
they can also be armed with non lethal ( more accurately known as " less than lethal " or " less lethal " ) weaponry , particularly for riot control . non lethal weapons include batons , tear gas , riot control agents , rubber bullets , riot shields , water cannons and electroshock weapons . police officers often carry... | what is supposed to be the last resort for police ? | the use of firearms or deadly force | 169 | 11 | 7 |
they can also be armed with non lethal ( more accurately known as " less than lethal " or " less lethal " ) weaponry , particularly for riot control . non lethal weapons include batons , tear gas , riot control agents , rubber bullets , riot shields , water cannons and electroshock weapons . police officers often carry... | what is south africa ' s " shoot to kill " policy ? | allows police to use deadly force against any person who poses a significant threat to them or civilians | 169 | 13 | 18 |
they can also be armed with non lethal ( more accurately known as " less than lethal " or " less lethal " ) weaponry , particularly for riot control . non lethal weapons include batons , tear gas , riot control agents , rubber bullets , riot shields , water cannons and electroshock weapons . police officers often carry... | where can police shoot fleeing convicts ? | brazil | 169 | 7 | 1 |
modern police forces make extensive use of radio communications equipment , carried both on the person and installed in vehicles , to co ordinate their work , share information , and get help quickly . in recent years , vehicle installed computers have enhanced the ability of police communications , enabling easier dis... | how do modern police often communicate ? | radio | 112 | 7 | 1 |
modern police forces make extensive use of radio communications equipment , carried both on the person and installed in vehicles , to co ordinate their work , share information , and get help quickly . in recent years , vehicle installed computers have enhanced the ability of police communications , enabling easier dis... | where do police have radios ? | carried both on the person and installed in vehicles | 112 | 6 | 9 |
modern police forces make extensive use of radio communications equipment , carried both on the person and installed in vehicles , to co ordinate their work , share information , and get help quickly . in recent years , vehicle installed computers have enhanced the ability of police communications , enabling easier dis... | why do police use radios ? | to co ordinate their work , share information , and get help quickly | 112 | 6 | 13 |
modern police forces make extensive use of radio communications equipment , carried both on the person and installed in vehicles , to co ordinate their work , share information , and get help quickly . in recent years , vehicle installed computers have enhanced the ability of police communications , enabling easier dis... | what have computers in police cars enabled for investigation ? | criminal background checks on persons of interest to be completed in a matter of seconds | 112 | 10 | 15 |
modern police forces make extensive use of radio communications equipment , carried both on the person and installed in vehicles , to co ordinate their work , share information , and get help quickly . in recent years , vehicle installed computers have enhanced the ability of police communications , enabling easier dis... | what have computers in police cars enabled for reporting ? | updating officers ' daily activity log and other , required reports on a real time basis | 112 | 10 | 16 |
unmarked vehicles are used primarily for sting operations or apprehending criminals without alerting them to their presence . some police forces use unmarked or minimally marked cars for traffic law enforcement , since drivers slow down at the sight of marked police vehicles and unmarked vehicles make it easier for off... | when do police often use unmarked cars ? | primarily for sting operations or apprehending criminals without alerting them to their presence | 93 | 8 | 13 |
unmarked vehicles are used primarily for sting operations or apprehending criminals without alerting them to their presence . some police forces use unmarked or minimally marked cars for traffic law enforcement , since drivers slow down at the sight of marked police vehicles and unmarked vehicles make it easier for off... | what use of unmarked cars is controversial ? | for traffic law enforcement | 93 | 8 | 4 |
unmarked vehicles are used primarily for sting operations or apprehending criminals without alerting them to their presence . some police forces use unmarked or minimally marked cars for traffic law enforcement , since drivers slow down at the sight of marked police vehicles and unmarked vehicles make it easier for off... | why did new york state ban unmarked cars for traffic cops ? | it endangered motorists who might be pulled over by people impersonating police officers | 93 | 12 | 13 |
unmarked vehicles are used primarily for sting operations or apprehending criminals without alerting them to their presence . some police forces use unmarked or minimally marked cars for traffic law enforcement , since drivers slow down at the sight of marked police vehicles and unmarked vehicles make it easier for off... | when did new york state ban unmarked cars for traffic cops ? | 1996 | 93 | 12 | 1 |
motorcycles are also commonly used , particularly in locations that a car may not be able to reach , to control potential public order situations involving meetings of motorcyclists and often in escort duties where motorcycle police officers can quickly clear a path for escorted vehicles . bicycle patrols are used in s... | why do some cops use bicycles to patrol ? | they allow for more open interaction with the public | 88 | 9 | 9 |
motorcycles are also commonly used , particularly in locations that a car may not be able to reach , to control potential public order situations involving meetings of motorcyclists and often in escort duties where motorcycle police officers can quickly clear a path for escorted vehicles . bicycle patrols are used in s... | how do bicycles help catch some suspects ? | their quieter operation can facilitate approaching suspects unawares and can help in pursuing them attempting to escape on foot | 88 | 8 | 19 |
motorcycles are also commonly used , particularly in locations that a car may not be able to reach , to control potential public order situations involving meetings of motorcyclists and often in escort duties where motorcycle police officers can quickly clear a path for escorted vehicles . bicycle patrols are used in s... | what do police use to control motorcyclist events ? | motorcycles | 88 | 9 | 1 |
in the united states , august vollmer introduced other reforms , including education requirements for police officers . o . w . wilson , a student of vollmer , helped reduce corruption and introduce professionalism in wichita , kansas , and later in the chicago police department . strategies employed by o . w . wilson ... | who was o . w . wilson a student of ? | august vollmer | 137 | 11 | 2 |
in the united states , august vollmer introduced other reforms , including education requirements for police officers . o . w . wilson , a student of vollmer , helped reduce corruption and introduce professionalism in wichita , kansas , and later in the chicago police department . strategies employed by o . w . wilson ... | who introduced education requirements for us police ? | august vollmer | 137 | 8 | 2 |
in the united states , august vollmer introduced other reforms , including education requirements for police officers . o . w . wilson , a student of vollmer , helped reduce corruption and introduce professionalism in wichita , kansas , and later in the chicago police department . strategies employed by o . w . wilson ... | why did wilson rotate officers between communities ? | to reduce their vulnerability to corruption | 137 | 8 | 6 |
in the united states , august vollmer introduced other reforms , including education requirements for police officers . o . w . wilson , a student of vollmer , helped reduce corruption and introduce professionalism in wichita , kansas , and later in the chicago police department . strategies employed by o . w . wilson ... | where did wilson reduce police corruption ? | wichita , kansas , and later in the chicago police department | 137 | 7 | 11 |
in the united states , august vollmer introduced other reforms , including education requirements for police officers . o . w . wilson , a student of vollmer , helped reduce corruption and introduce professionalism in wichita , kansas , and later in the chicago police department . strategies employed by o . w . wilson ... | how did wilson recruit more qualified police ? | an aggressive recruiting drive with higher police salaries | 137 | 8 | 8 |
in miranda the court created safeguards against self incriminating statements made after an arrest . the court held that " the prosecution may not use statements , whether exculpatory or inculpatory , stemming from questioning initiated by law enforcement officers after a person has been taken into custody or otherwise... | what does miranda provide ? | safeguards against self incriminating statements made after an arrest | 82 | 5 | 9 |
in miranda the court created safeguards against self incriminating statements made after an arrest . the court held that " the prosecution may not use statements , whether exculpatory or inculpatory , stemming from questioning initiated by law enforcement officers after a person has been taken into custody or otherwise... | what does the 5th amendment protect against ? | self incrimination | 82 | 8 | 2 |
in miranda the court created safeguards against self incriminating statements made after an arrest . the court held that " the prosecution may not use statements , whether exculpatory or inculpatory , stemming from questioning initiated by law enforcement officers after a person has been taken into custody or otherwise... | which amendment prevents self incrimination ? | fifth | 82 | 6 | 1 |
in terry v . ohio ( 1968 ) the court divided seizure into two parts , the investigatory stop and arrest . the court further held that during an investigatory stop a police officer ' s search " is confined to what is minimally necessary to determine whether a suspect is armed , and the intrusion , which is made for the ... | when was the terry v . ohio case ? | 1968 | 126 | 9 | 1 |
in terry v . ohio ( 1968 ) the court divided seizure into two parts , the investigatory stop and arrest . the court further held that during an investigatory stop a police officer ' s search " is confined to what is minimally necessary to determine whether a suspect is armed , and the intrusion , which is made for the ... | which two parts did terry v . ohio divide seizure into ? | investigatory stop and arrest | 126 | 12 | 4 |
in terry v . ohio ( 1968 ) the court divided seizure into two parts , the investigatory stop and arrest . the court further held that during an investigatory stop a police officer ' s search " is confined to what is minimally necessary to determine whether a suspect is armed , and the intrusion , which is made for the ... | what is an investigatory stop ' s search limited to ? | what is minimally necessary to determine whether a suspect is armed | 126 | 11 | 11 |
all police officers in the united kingdom , whatever their actual rank , are ' constables ' in terms of their legal position . this means that a newly appointed constable has the same arrest powers as a chief constable or commissioner . however , certain higher ranks have additional powers to authorize certain aspects ... | what is the legal status of uk police officers ? | constables | 108 | 10 | 1 |
all police officers in the united kingdom , whatever their actual rank , are ' constables ' in terms of their legal position . this means that a newly appointed constable has the same arrest powers as a chief constable or commissioner . however , certain higher ranks have additional powers to authorize certain aspects ... | what can only inspector ranked uk officers do ? | authorize a search of a suspect ' s house | 108 | 9 | 9 |
all police officers in the united kingdom , whatever their actual rank , are ' constables ' in terms of their legal position . this means that a newly appointed constable has the same arrest powers as a chief constable or commissioner . however , certain higher ranks have additional powers to authorize certain aspects ... | what can only superintendent ranked uk officers do ? | authorize a suspect ' s detention beyond 24 hours | 108 | 9 | 9 |
all police officers in the united kingdom , whatever their actual rank , are ' constables ' in terms of their legal position . this means that a newly appointed constable has the same arrest powers as a chief constable or commissioner . however , certain higher ranks have additional powers to authorize certain aspects ... | what powers of a new uk police officer are the same as a commissioner ' s ? | arrest | 108 | 17 | 1 |
in contrast , the police are entitled to protect private rights in some jurisdictions . to ensure that the police would not interfere in the regular competencies of the courts of law , some police acts require that the police may only interfere in such cases where protection from courts cannot be obtained in time , and... | why do some police acts limit when police can interfere without court orders ? | to ensure that the police would not interfere in the regular competencies of the courts of law | 121 | 14 | 17 |
in contrast , the police are entitled to protect private rights in some jurisdictions . to ensure that the police would not interfere in the regular competencies of the courts of law , some police acts require that the police may only interfere in such cases where protection from courts cannot be obtained in time , and... | what could be impeded without police interference ? | the realization of the private right | 121 | 8 | 6 |
in contrast , the police are entitled to protect private rights in some jurisdictions . to ensure that the police would not interfere in the regular competencies of the courts of law , some police acts require that the police may only interfere in such cases where protection from courts cannot be obtained in time , and... | how could police help the owner when a restaurant guest doesn ' t pay because their wallet got stolen ? | establish a restaurant guest ' s identity and forward it to the innkeeper | 121 | 20 | 13 |
punjab ( urdu , punjabi : , panj b , " five waters " : listen ( help info ) ) , also spelled panjab , is the most populous of the four provinces of pakistan . it has an area of 205 , 344 square kilometres ( 79 , 284 square miles ) and a population of 91 . 379 . 615 in 2011 , approximately 56 of the country ' s total po... | what does punjab mean ? | five waters | 136 | 5 | 2 |
punjab ( urdu , punjabi : , panj b , " five waters " : listen ( help info ) ) , also spelled panjab , is the most populous of the four provinces of pakistan . it has an area of 205 , 344 square kilometres ( 79 , 284 square miles ) and a population of 91 . 379 . 615 in 2011 , approximately 56 of the country ' s total po... | how many provinces does pakistan have ? | four | 136 | 7 | 1 |
punjab ( urdu , punjabi : , panj b , " five waters " : listen ( help info ) ) , also spelled panjab , is the most populous of the four provinces of pakistan . it has an area of 205 , 344 square kilometres ( 79 , 284 square miles ) and a population of 91 . 379 . 615 in 2011 , approximately 56 of the country ' s total po... | how large is punjab ? | 205 , 344 square kilometres ( 79 , 284 square miles ) | 136 | 5 | 12 |
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