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14,400 | In some machine translation and natural language processing systems, written texts in human languages are parsed by computer programs. Human sentences are not easily parsed by programs, as there is substantial ambiguity in the structure of human language, whose usage is to convey meaning (or semantics) amongst a potent... | Parsing algorithm | 0.815262 |
14,401 | The ancient Greeks, in particular Hipparchus, knew the equation of the center as prostaphaeresis, although their understanding of the geometry of the planets' motion was not the same. The word equation (Latin, aequatio, -onis) in the present sense comes from astronomy. It was specified and used by Kepler, as that varia... | Equation of the centre | 0.815249 |
14,402 | In 1808, John Dalton defended caloric theory in A New System of Chemistry and described how it combines with matter, especially gases; he proposed that the heat capacity of gases varies inversely with atomic weight. In 1824, Sadi Carnot analyzed the efficiency of steam engines using caloric theory; he developed the not... | Meteorology | 0.815248 |
14,403 | In the 2nd century AD, Ptolemy's Almagest dealt with meteorology, because it was considered a subset of astronomy. He gave several astrological weather predictions. He constructed a map of the world divided into climatic zones by their illumination, in which the length of the Summer solstice increased by half an hour p... | Meteorology | 0.815248 |
14,404 | Meteorology applications in renewable energy includes basic research, "exploration," and potential mapping of wind power and solar radiation for wind and solar energy. | Meteorology | 0.815248 |
14,405 | Additionally, meteorology has expanded to include other areas such as air quality, atmospheric chemistry, and climatology. The advancement in observational, theoretical and computational technologies has enabled ever more accurate weather predictions and understanding of weather pattern and air pollution. In current ti... | Meteorology | 0.815248 |
14,406 | His work established meteorology as a legitimate branch of physics.In the 18th century, the invention of the thermometer and barometer allowed for more accurate measurements of temperature and pressure, leading to a better understanding of atmospheric processes. This century also saw the birth of the first meteorologic... | Meteorology | 0.815248 |
14,407 | The power imparted to the exhaust increases with the square of exhaust velocity while thrust increase is linear. Conversely, chemical rockets provide high thrust, but are limited in total impulse by the small amount of energy that can be stored chemically in the propellants. Given the practical weight of suitable power... | Ion drive | 0.815246 |
14,408 | Because antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains continue to emerge and spread, there is a constant need to develop new antibacterial treatments. Current strategies include traditional chemistry-based approaches such as natural product-based drug discovery, newer chemistry-based approaches such as drug design, traditiona... | Antibiotic drug | 0.815239 |
14,409 | Phages insert their DNA into the bacterium, where it is transcribed and used to make new phages, after which the cell will lyse, releasing new phage that are able to infect and destroy further bacteria of the same strain. The high specificity of phage protects "good" bacteria from destruction.Some disadvantages to the ... | Antibiotic drug | 0.815239 |
14,410 | The most common form of Computer Vision Syndrome is a condition termed Dry Eye, which results in itchy, sore and even the illusion that something is stuck in your eye. This condition is often caused by extensively long period looking at a computer screen. Video screens have a design process for user interface. | Computer-induced medical problems | 0.815238 |
14,411 | In many cases, frequent computer users develop computer vision syndrome, which is a degenerative eye problem which can result in severely reduced eyesight (Myopia), blurred vision, overall eye tiredness and even Glaucoma. Computer Eye Syndrome is an umbrella term for many problems but the causes of these problems can b... | Computer-induced medical problems | 0.815238 |
14,412 | Notable physical medical problems that can arise from using computers include Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, Computer Vision Syndrome, and Musculoskeletal problems. | Computer-induced medical problems | 0.815238 |
14,413 | S2CID 35147364. Kolesnichenko, Pavel; Zhang, Qianhui; Zheng, Changxi; Fuhrer, Michael; Davis, Jeffrey (2021). "Multidimensional analysis of excitonic spectra of monolayers of tungsten disulphide: toward computer-aided identification of structural and environmental perturbations of 2D materials". Machine Learning: Scien... | Two dimensional (2D) nanomaterials | 0.815231 |
14,414 | In materials science, the term single-layer materials or 2D materials refers to crystalline solids consisting of a single layer of atoms. These materials are promising for some applications but remain the focus of research. Single-layer materials derived from single elements generally carry the -ene suffix in their nam... | Two dimensional (2D) nanomaterials | 0.815231 |
14,415 | In mathematics and computer science, the BIT predicate, sometimes written BIT ( i , j ) {\displaystyle {\text{BIT}}(i,j)} , is a predicate that tests whether the j {\displaystyle j} th bit of the number i {\displaystyle i} (starting from the least significant digit) is 1, when i {\displaystyle i} is written as a binary... | BIT predicate | 0.815228 |
14,416 | The Kodaira embedding theorem characterizes smooth complex projective varieties among all compact Kähler manifolds. Namely, a compact complex manifold X is projective if and only if there is a Kähler form ω on X whose class in H2(X, R) is in the image of the integral cohomology group H2(X, Z). (Because a positive multi... | Kähler potential | 0.815226 |
14,417 | An explicit PID such that SK1 is nonzero was given by Ischebeck in 1980 and by Grayson in 1981. If A is a Dedekind domain whose quotient field is an algebraic number field (a finite extension of the rationals) then Milnor (1971, corollary 16.3) shows that SK1(A) vanishes.The vanishing of SK1 can be interpreted as sayin... | Special Whitehead group | 0.815221 |
14,418 | For example, if F is a field, then K0(F) is isomorphic to the integers Z and is closely related to the notion of vector space dimension. For a commutative ring R, the group K0(R) is related to the Picard group of R, and when R is the ring of integers in a number field, this generalizes the classical construction of the... | Special Whitehead group | 0.815221 |
14,419 | Intersection theory is still a motivating force in the development of (higher) algebraic K-theory through its links with motivic cohomology and specifically Chow groups. The subject also includes classical number-theoretic topics like quadratic reciprocity and embeddings of number fields into the real numbers and compl... | Special Whitehead group | 0.815221 |
14,420 | They contain detailed information about the original object but are notoriously difficult to compute; for example, an important outstanding problem is to compute the K-groups of the integers. K-theory was discovered in the late 1950s by Alexander Grothendieck in his study of intersection theory on algebraic varieties. ... | Special Whitehead group | 0.815221 |
14,421 | Algebraic K-theory is a subject area in mathematics with connections to geometry, topology, ring theory, and number theory. Geometric, algebraic, and arithmetic objects are assigned objects called K-groups. These are groups in the sense of abstract algebra. | Special Whitehead group | 0.815221 |
14,422 | Algebraic K-groups are used in conjectures on special values of L-functions and the formulation of a non-commutative main conjecture of Iwasawa theory and in construction of higher regulators.Parshin's conjecture concerns the higher algebraic K-groups for smooth varieties over finite fields, and states that in this cas... | Special Whitehead group | 0.815221 |
14,423 | (Projective) modules over a field k are vector spaces and K0(k) is isomorphic to Z, by dimension. Finitely generated projective modules over a local ring A are free and so in this case once again K0(A) is isomorphic to Z, by rank. For A a Dedekind domain, K0(A) = Pic(A) ⊕ Z, where Pic(A) is the Picard group of A,An alg... | Special Whitehead group | 0.815221 |
14,424 | This transformation factored through the fixed points of a circle action on THH, which suggested a relationship with cyclic homology. In the course of proving an algebraic K-theory analog of the Novikov conjecture, Bokstedt, Hsiang, and Madsen introduced topological cyclic homology, which bore the same relationship to ... | Special Whitehead group | 0.815221 |
14,425 | This was based around the existence of the Dennis trace map, a homomorphism from K-theory to Hochschild homology. While the Dennis trace map seemed to be successful for calculations of K-theory with finite coefficients, it was less successful for rational calculations. Goodwillie, motivated by his "calculus of functors... | Special Whitehead group | 0.815221 |
14,426 | Thomason discovered that if one worked with in derived category of sheaves, there was a simple description of when a complex of sheaves could be extended from an open subset of a variety to the whole variety. By applying Waldhausen's construction of K-theory to derived categories, Thomason was able to prove that algebr... | Special Whitehead group | 0.815221 |
14,427 | This was done by Thomason in a lengthy monograph which he co-credited to his dead friend Thomas Trobaugh, who he said gave him a key idea in a dream. Thomason combined Waldhausen's construction of K-theory with the foundations of intersection theory described in volume six of Grothendieck's Séminaire de Géométrie Algéb... | Special Whitehead group | 0.815221 |
14,428 | While it was believed that Quillen's K-theory gave the correct groups, it was not known that these groups had all of the envisaged properties. For this, algebraic K-theory had to be reformulated. | Special Whitehead group | 0.815221 |
14,429 | For varieties defined over the complex numbers, étale K-theory is isomorphic to topological K-theory. Moreover, étale K-theory admitted a spectral sequence similar to the one conjectured by Quillen. Thomason proved around 1980 that after inverting the Bott element, algebraic K-theory with finite coefficients became iso... | Special Whitehead group | 0.815221 |
14,430 | Soule used this theory to construct "étale Chern classes", an analog of topological Chern classes which took elements of algebraic K-theory to classes in étale cohomology. Unlike algebraic K-theory, étale cohomology is highly computable, so étale Chern classes provided an effective tool for detecting the existence of e... | Special Whitehead group | 0.815221 |
14,431 | {\displaystyle K_{0}(A,I)=\ker \left({K_{0}(D(A,I))\rightarrow K_{0}(A)}\right)\ .} where the map is induced by projection along the first factor. The relative K0(A,I) is isomorphic to K0(I), regarding I as a ring without identity. The independence from A is an analogue of the Excision theorem in homology. | Special Whitehead group | 0.815221 |
14,432 | The setting of algebraic varieties, however, is much more rigid, and the flexible constructions used in topology were not available. While the group K0 seemed to satisfy the necessary properties to be the beginning of a cohomology theory of algebraic varieties and of non-commutative rings, there was no clear definition... | Special Whitehead group | 0.815221 |
14,433 | Upon replacing vector bundles by projective modules, K0 also became defined for non-commutative rings, where it had applications to group representations. Atiyah and Hirzebruch quickly transported Grothendieck's construction to topology and used it to define topological K-theory. Topological K-theory was one of the fir... | Special Whitehead group | 0.815221 |
14,434 | The Grothendieck–Riemann–Roch theorem says that these are equal. When Y is a point, a vector bundle is a vector space, the class of a vector space is its dimension, and the Grothendieck–Riemann–Roch theorem specializes to Hirzebruch's theorem. The group K(X) is now known as K0(X). | Special Whitehead group | 0.815221 |
14,435 | Grothendieck took the perspective that the Riemann–Roch theorem is a statement about morphisms of varieties, not the varieties themselves. He proved that there is a homomorphism from K(X) to the Chow groups of X coming from the Chern character and Todd class of X. Additionally, he proved that a proper morphism f: X → Y... | Special Whitehead group | 0.815221 |
14,436 | Let X be a smooth algebraic variety. To each vector bundle on X, Grothendieck associates an invariant, its class. The set of all classes on X was called K(X) from the German Klasse. | Special Whitehead group | 0.815221 |
14,437 | In Hirzebruch's formulation, the Hirzebruch–Riemann–Roch theorem, the theorem became a statement about Euler characteristics: The Euler characteristic of a vector bundle on an algebraic variety (which is the alternating sum of the dimensions of its cohomology groups) equals the Euler characteristic of the trivial bundl... | Special Whitehead group | 0.815221 |
14,438 | In the 19th century, Bernhard Riemann and his student Gustav Roch proved what is now known as the Riemann–Roch theorem. If X is a Riemann surface, then the sets of meromorphic functions and meromorphic differential forms on X form vector spaces. A line bundle on X determines subspaces of these vector spaces, and if X i... | Special Whitehead group | 0.815221 |
14,439 | John Milnor found the right definition of K2: it is the center of the Steinberg group St(A) of A. It can also be defined as the kernel of the map φ: St ( A ) → G L ( A ) , {\displaystyle \varphi \colon \operatorname {St} (A)\to \mathrm {GL} (A),} or as the Schur multiplier of the group of elementary matrices. For a f... | Special Whitehead group | 0.815221 |
14,440 | The Journal of the ACM is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering computer science in general, especially theoretical aspects. It is an official journal of the Association for Computing Machinery. Its current editor-in-chief is Venkatesan Guruswami. The journal was established in 1954 and "computer scientists unive... | Journal of the ACM | 0.81522 |
14,441 | In statistics, the Conover squared ranks test is a non-parametric version of the parametric Levene's test for equality of variance. Conover's squared ranks test is the only equality of variance test that appears to be non-parametric. Other tests of significance of difference of data dispersion are parametric (i.e., are... | Squared ranks test | 0.815214 |
14,442 | A pin on disc tribometer consists of a stationary pin that is normally loaded against a rotating disc. The pin can have any shape to simulate a specific contact, but cylindrical tips are often used to simplify the contact geometry. The coefficient of friction is determined by the ratio of the frictional force to the lo... | Tribometer | 0.815213 |
14,443 | In Euclidean plane geometry, the equichordal point problem is the question whether a closed planar convex body can have two equichordal points. The problem was originally posed in 1916 by Fujiwara and in 1917 by Wilhelm Blaschke, Hermann Rothe, and Roland Weitzenböck. A generalization of this problem statement was answ... | Equichordal point problem | 0.815212 |
14,444 | Instead it introduces a complexification of the original problem, and develops a generalization of the theory of normally hyperbolic invariant curves and stable manifolds to multi-valued maps F: C 2 → C 2 {\displaystyle F:\mathbb {C} ^{2}\to \mathbb {C} ^{2}} . This method allows the use of global methods of complex an... | Equichordal point problem | 0.815212 |
14,445 | In graph theory, Mac Lane's planarity criterion is a characterisation of planar graphs in terms of their cycle spaces, named after Saunders Mac Lane, who published it in 1937. It states that a finite undirected graph is planar if and only if the cycle space of the graph (taken modulo 2) has a cycle basis in which each ... | Mac Lane's planarity criterion | 0.81521 |
14,446 | Lefschetz (1965) provided another proof, based on algebraic topology. He uses a slightly different formulation of the planarity criterion, according to which a graph is planar if and only if it has a set of (not necessarily simple) cycles covering every edge exactly twice, such that the only nontrivial relation among t... | Mac Lane's planarity criterion | 0.81521 |
14,447 | O'Neil (1973) provided the following simple argument for the other direction of the characterization, based on Wagner's theorem characterizing the planar graphs by forbidden minors. As O'Neill observes, the property of having a 2-basis is preserved under graph minors: if one contracts an edge, the same contraction may ... | Mac Lane's planarity criterion | 0.81521 |
14,448 | In surface science, surface free energy (also interfacial free energy or surface energy) quantifies the disruption of intermolecular bonds that occurs when a surface is created. In solid-state physics, surfaces must be intrinsically less energetically favorable than the bulk of the material (the atoms on the surface ha... | Surface energy | 0.815207 |
14,449 | Among isosceles triangles, the one whose height at its apex is 8/9 of its base length is the only one with exactly two perpendicular quadrisections. One of the two uses the symmetry axis as one of the two perpendicular lines, while the other has two lines of slope ± 1 {\displaystyle \pm 1} , each crossing the base and ... | Bernoulli quadrisection problem | 0.815202 |
14,450 | In triangle geometry, the Bernoulli quadrisection problem asks how to divide a given triangle into four equal-area pieces by two perpendicular lines. Its solution by Jacob Bernoulli was published in 1687. Leonhard Euler formulated a complete solution in 1779.As Euler proved, in a scalene triangle, it is possible to fin... | Bernoulli quadrisection problem | 0.815202 |
14,451 | The System Service Processor software provided for the following functionality: Environmental monitoring and automated domain-shutdown in the event of an out-of-bounds condition, such as a CPU getting too hot. The creation and destruction of domains The ability to boot domains Domain console device Dynamic Reconfigurat... | System Service Processor | 0.815196 |
14,452 | There are several packages that make bioimage informatics methods available through a graphical user interface such as ImageJ, FIJI, CellProfiler, chunkflow or Icy. Visualization and analysis platforms such as Vaa3D have appeared in recent years and have been used in both large scale projects especially for neuroscienc... | Bioimage informatics | 0.815194 |
14,453 | This has led to a data explosion, which absolutely requires automatic processing. Additionally, and surprisingly, for several of these tasks, there is evidence that automated systems can perform better than humans. In addition, automated systems are unbiased, unlike human based analysis whose evaluation may (even uncon... | Bioimage informatics | 0.815194 |
14,454 | Bioimage informatics is a subfield of bioinformatics and computational biology. It focuses on the use of computational techniques to analyze bioimages, especially cellular and molecular images, at large scale and high throughput. The goal is to obtain useful knowledge out of complicated and heterogeneous image and rela... | Bioimage informatics | 0.815194 |
14,455 | The OpenAccess journal BMC Bioinformatics has a section devoted to bioimage analysis, visualization and related applications. Other computational biology and bioinformatics journals also regularly publish bioimage informatics work. A European Union Cost action called NEUBIAS (network of european bioimage analysts) has ... | Bioimage informatics | 0.815194 |
14,456 | A consortium of scientists from universities and research institutes have organized annual meetings on bioimage informatics since 2005. The ISMB conference has had a Bioimaging & Data Visualization track since 2010. The journal Bioinformatics also introduced a Bioimage Informatics track in 2012. | Bioimage informatics | 0.815194 |
14,457 | For the basic problem of identifying organelles, very high accuracy values can be obtained, including better than ? results. These methods are useful in basic cell biology research, but have also been applied to the discovery of proteins whose location changes in cancer cells.However, classification into organelles is ... | Bioimage informatics | 0.815194 |
14,458 | Subcellular location analysis was one of the initial problems in this field. In its supervised mode, the problem is to learn a classifier that can recognize images from the major cell organelles based on images. Methods used are based on machine learning, building a discriminative classifier based on numeric features c... | Bioimage informatics | 0.815194 |
14,459 | High throughput screens using automated imaging technology (sometimes called high-content screening) have become a standard method for both drug discovery and basic biological research. Using multi-well plates, robotics, and automated microscopy, the same assay can be applied to a large library of possible reagents (ty... | Bioimage informatics | 0.815194 |
14,460 | Note that in the theorem stated here, we have imposed the condition that if F {\displaystyle \mathbf {F} } is not defined on a bounded domain, then F {\displaystyle \mathbf {F} } shall decay faster than 1 / r {\displaystyle 1/r} . Thus, the Fourier transform of F {\displaystyle \mathbf {F} } , denoted as G {\displaysty... | Longitudinal and transverse vector fields | 0.815193 |
14,461 | The term "Helmholtz theorem" can also refer to the following. Let C be a solenoidal vector field and d a scalar field on R3 which are sufficiently smooth and which vanish faster than 1/r2 at infinity. Then there exists a vector field F such that if additionally the vector field F vanishes as r → ∞, then F is unique.In ... | Longitudinal and transverse vector fields | 0.815193 |
14,462 | Systemic therapy has its roots in family therapy, or more precisely family systems therapy as it later came to be known. In particular, systemic therapy traces its roots to the Milan school of Mara Selvini Palazzoli, but also derives from the work of Salvador Minuchin, Murray Bowen, Ivan Boszormenyi-Nagy, as well as Vi... | Systemic therapy | 0.81519 |
14,463 | The BioWeb is the connotation for a network of web-enabled biological devices (e.g. trees, plants, and flowers) which extends an internet of things to the Internet of Living Things of natural sensory devices. The BioWeb devices give insights to real-time ecological data and feedback to changes in the environment. The b... | BioWeb | 0.815189 |
14,464 | The BioWeb information technologies emerge from the interdisciplinary fields of biotechnology and nanotechnology. The devices for reading individual ecological systems can be either wireless transmitters implemented into the organic structure of seeds or external inserted network nodes with the ability to read informat... | BioWeb | 0.815189 |
14,465 | In computer science, dynamic recompilation is a feature of some emulators and virtual machines, where the system may recompile some part of a program during execution. By compiling during execution, the system can tailor the generated code to reflect the program's run-time environment, and potentially produce more effi... | Dynamic recompilation | 0.815186 |
14,466 | Most dynamic recompilers are used to convert machine code between architectures at runtime. This is a task often needed in the emulation of legacy gaming platforms. In other cases, a system may employ dynamic recompilation as part of an adaptive optimization strategy to execute a portable program representation such as... | Dynamic recompilation | 0.815186 |
14,467 | Logic programming can be viewed as controlled deduction. An important concept in logic programming is the separation of programs into their logic component and their control component. With pure logic programming languages, the logic component alone determines the solutions produced. The control component can be varied... | Rule-based programming | 0.815184 |
14,468 | SIESTA, SQUID and SHRIMP are acronyms distinguished from siesta, squid and shrimp by capitalization. However, there are pairs of scientific terminology and common words, which can only be distinguished by context. Representative examples come from particle physics where certain properties of particles are called flavou... | Scientific terminology | 0.81518 |
14,469 | Recent scientific activity often creates interdisciplinary fields, for which new names, classified into portmanteau words or syllabic abbreviations, are often created by combining two or more words, sometimes with extra prefixes and suffixes. Examples of those – biotechnology, nanotechnology, etc. – are well known and ... | Scientific terminology | 0.81518 |
14,470 | Another group of physics terminology terms, exciton, magnon, phonon, plasmon, phason, polaron, roton etc., refers to quasiparticles – quanta of corresponding excitations (spin, heat, plasma, polarization waves), which do not exist separately and were imagined by theoretists to consistently describe properties of solids... | Scientific terminology | 0.81518 |
14,471 | Progress of particle physics, nuclear physics and atomic physics has resulted in discoveries of new elementary particles and atoms. Their names – quark, gluon, lepton, graviton, neutrino, Higgs boson, mendelevium, etc. – are traditionally given by those people who first discovered them and often include surnames of cla... | Scientific terminology | 0.81518 |
14,472 | On the contrary, acronym SPASER (Surface Plasmon Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation) is capitalized. Many scientific acronyms or abbreviations reflect the artistic sense of their creators, e.g., AMANDA – Antarctic Muon And Neutrino Detector Array, a neutrino telescope BLAST – Balloon-borne Large Aperture... | Scientific terminology | 0.81518 |
14,473 | There are two more types of numerical prefixes in IUPAC organic chemistry nomenclature. | IUPAC numerical multiplier | 0.815179 |
14,474 | In Ancient Greek, hekaton = 100, diakosioi = 200, triakosioi = 300, etc. The numbers 200-900 would be confused easily with 22 to 29 if they were used in chemistry. khīlioi = 1000, diskhīlioi = 2000, triskhīlioi = 3000, etc. 13 to 19 are formed by starting with the Greek word for the number of ones, followed by και (the... | IUPAC numerical multiplier | 0.815179 |
14,475 | While the use of the affix mono- is rarely necessary in organic chemistry, it is often essential in inorganic chemistry to avoid ambiguity: carbon oxide could refer to either carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide. In forming compound affixes, the numeral one is represented by the term hen- except when it forms part of the ... | IUPAC numerical multiplier | 0.815179 |
14,476 | Digestion breaks the proteins down for metabolic use. Proteins may be purified from other cellular components using a variety of techniques such as ultracentrifugation, precipitation, electrophoresis, and chromatography; the advent of genetic engineering has made possible a number of methods to facilitate purification.... | Bacterial protein | 0.815177 |
14,477 | Text segmentation is the process of dividing written text into meaningful units, such as words, sentences, or topics. The term applies both to mental processes used by humans when reading text, and to artificial processes implemented in computers, which are the subject of natural language processing. The problem is non... | Word segmentation | 0.815176 |
14,478 | The central dogma of molecular biology, where genetic material is transcribed into RNA and then translated into protein, despite being oversimplified, still provides a good starting point for understanding the field. This concept has been revised in light of emerging novel roles for RNA. Chemical biology seeks to devel... | Biochemical analysis | 0.815175 |
14,479 | Genetic interactions (epistasis) can often confound simple interpretations of such "knockout" studies. Molecular biology is the study of molecular underpinnings of the biological phenomena, focusing on molecular synthesis, modification, mechanisms and interactions. | Biochemical analysis | 0.815175 |
14,480 | Genetics is the study of the effect of genetic differences in organisms. This can often be inferred by the absence of a normal component (e.g. one gene). The study of "mutants" – organisms that lack one or more functional components with respect to the so-called "wild type" or normal phenotype. | Biochemical analysis | 0.815175 |
14,481 | Biochemists focus heavily on the role, function, and structure of biomolecules. The study of the chemistry behind biological processes and the synthesis of biologically active molecules are applications of biochemistry. Biochemistry studies life at the atomic and molecular level. | Biochemical analysis | 0.815175 |
14,482 | Researchers in biochemistry use specific techniques native to biochemistry, but increasingly combine these with techniques and ideas developed in the fields of genetics, molecular biology, and biophysics. There is not a defined line between these disciplines. Biochemistry studies the chemistry required for biological a... | Biochemical analysis | 0.815175 |
14,483 | Using various modifiers, the activity of the enzyme can be regulated, enabling control of the biochemistry of the cell as a whole. The structure of proteins is traditionally described in a hierarchy of four levels. The primary structure of a protein consists of its linear sequence of amino acids; for instance, "alanine... | Biochemical analysis | 0.815175 |
14,484 | RICS – The Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors AIQS – Australian Institute of Quantity Surveyors IQSSL - Institute of Quantity Surveyors Sri Lanka ASAQS – Association of South African Quantity Surveyors BSIJ – Building Surveyors Institute of Japan CICES - Chartered Institution of Civil Engineering Surveyors CIQS –... | Quantity surveying | 0.815175 |
14,485 | Identify, promote and establish opportunities for networking. Encourage and develop bioinformatics and computational biology nodes. Increase awareness and promote the use of bioinformatics and computational biology. Facilitate access to bioinformatics and computational biology infrastructure. Promote bioinformatics and... | African Society for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology | 0.815172 |
14,486 | It complements its activities with those of other international and national societies, associations and institutions, public and private, that have similar aims. It also promotes the standing of African bioinformatics and computational biology in the global arena through liaison and cooperation with other internationa... | African Society for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology | 0.815172 |
14,487 | The African Society for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology (ASBCB) is a non-profit professional association dedicated to the advancement of bioinformatics and computational biology in Africa. Transformed from the African Bioinformatics Network (ABioNET), ASBCB was established in February 2004 at a meeting in Cape... | African Society for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology | 0.815172 |
14,488 | Be a scholarly society dedicated to advancing, developing and promoting bioinformatics and computational biology in Africa. Serve a global membership by impacting government and scientific policies, providing high quality publications and meetings, and through distribution of valuable information about training, educat... | African Society for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology | 0.815172 |
14,489 | The Society sees itself as conduit to promote the exchange of ideas, infrastructure and resources in the fields of bioinformatics and computational biology and facilitate the interaction and collaboration among scientists and educators around the world. It also strives to measurably advance the awareness and understand... | African Society for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology | 0.815172 |
14,490 | EM is also used for data clustering. In natural language processing, two prominent instances of the algorithm are the Baum–Welch algorithm for hidden Markov models, and the inside-outside algorithm for unsupervised induction of probabilistic context-free grammars. In the analysis of intertrade waiting times i.e. the ti... | EM algorithm | 0.815165 |
14,491 | EM is frequently used for parameter estimation of mixed models, notably in quantitative genetics.In psychometrics, EM is an important tool for estimating item parameters and latent abilities of item response theory models. With the ability to deal with missing data and observe unidentified variables, EM is becoming a u... | EM algorithm | 0.815165 |
14,492 | 8) for a comprehensive treatment: the E step becomes the sum of expectations of sufficient statistics, and the M step involves maximizing a linear function. In such a case, it is usually possible to derive closed-form expression updates for each step, using the Sundberg formula (proved and published by Rolf Sundberg, b... | EM algorithm | 0.815165 |
14,493 | In statistics, an expectation–maximization (EM) algorithm is an iterative method to find (local) maximum likelihood or maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimates of parameters in statistical models, where the model depends on unobserved latent variables. The EM iteration alternates between performing an expectation (E) step,... | EM algorithm | 0.815165 |
14,494 | In software engineering, team programming is a project management strategy for coordinating task distribution in computer software development projects, which involves the assignment of two or more computer programmers to work collaboratively on an individual sub-task within a larger programming project. In general, th... | Mob programming | 0.815164 |
14,495 | The leading digits of the factorials are distributed according to Benford's law. Every sequence of digits, in any base, is the sequence of initial digits of some factorial number in that base.Another result on divisibility of factorials, Wilson's theorem, states that ( n − 1 ) ! + 1 {\displaystyle (n-1)!+1} is divisibl... | Factorial | 0.815163 |
14,496 | {\displaystyle n!} as Here s p ( n ) {\displaystyle s_{p}(n)} denotes the sum of the base- p {\displaystyle p} digits of n {\displaystyle n} , and the exponent given by this formula can also be interpreted in advanced mathematics as the p-adic valuation of the factorial. Applying Legendre's formula to the product formu... | Factorial | 0.815163 |
14,497 | These numbers form the discriminants of Hermite polynomials. They can be continuously interpolated by the K-function, and obey analogues to Stirling's formula and Wilson's theorem. Jordan–Pólya numbers The Jordan–Pólya numbers are the products of factorials, allowing repetitions. | Factorial | 0.815163 |
14,498 | Similarly, differentiable structures on a manifold is usually a discrete space, and hence an example of topology, but exotic R4s have continuous moduli of differentiable structures. Algebraic varieties have continuous moduli spaces, hence their study is algebraic geometry. These are finite-dimensional moduli spaces. Th... | Geometry and topology | 0.815162 |
14,499 | If a structure has a discrete moduli (if it has no deformations, or if a deformation of a structure is isomorphic to the original structure), the structure is said to be rigid, and its study (if it is a geometric or topological structure) is topology. If it has non-trivial deformations, the structure is said to be flex... | Geometry and topology | 0.815162 |
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