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16,800 | On this mission, more than 1000 U.S. Marines were killed. Don Olson was able to use forensic astronomy and figure out that no one was to blame, but the Moon was farthest away from Earth two days in that year, which caused a low tide to be created. Olson took his findings, and they were presented to Tarawa survivors to ... | Forensic astronomy | 0.813489 |
16,801 | Forensic astronomy comes into play when Beesley realizes they are being rescued and noticed the sky in the east is brightened at the end of his lifeboat saying, “First a beautiful, quiet shimmer away in the east, then a soft golden glow that crept up stealthily from behind the sky-line...And next the stars died, slowly... | Forensic astronomy | 0.813489 |
16,802 | The factor groups of S3L by C2 and of S3R by C2 are each isomorphic to SO(3). Similarly, the factor groups of SO(4) by S3L and of SO(4) by S3R are each isomorphic to SO(3). The topology of SO(4) is the same as that of the Lie group SO(3) × Spin(3) = SO(3) × SU(2), namely the space P 3 × S 3 {\displaystyle \mathbb {P} ^... | Isoclinic rotation | 0.813488 |
16,803 | In trigonometry, the sines and cosines of many angles can be expressed in terms of nested radicals. For example, and The last equality results directly from the results of § Two nested square roots. | Landau's algorithm | 0.813486 |
16,804 | In the case of two nested square roots, the following theorem completely solves the problem of denesting.If a and c are rational numbers and c is not the square of a rational number, there are two rational numbers x and y such that if and only if a 2 − c {\displaystyle a^{2}-c~} is the square of a rational number d. If... | Landau's algorithm | 0.813486 |
16,805 | That is, the domestic currency depreciates relative to the foreign currency. In the long run, the exchange rate(s) will equal the long run equilibrium exchange rate,(ŝ). Formal Notation r = r* +Δse (uncovered interest rate parity - approximation) Δse = θ(ŝ – s) (Expectations of market participants) m - p = ky-lr (De... | Overshooting model | 0.813485 |
16,806 | The Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory (EECL) is a research/education program housed in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Colorado State University (CSU). | Engines and energy conversion laboratory | 0.813485 |
16,807 | The Engines & Energy Conversion Laboratory (EECL) is housed in the Department of Mechanical Engineering. The laboratory was established in the Old Fort Collins Power Plant in June 1992. In the years since then, the laboratory has grown to become one of the more known engine research programs in the United States. The E... | Engines and energy conversion laboratory | 0.813485 |
16,808 | Mathematically, the ability to break up a multiplication in this way is known as the distributive law, which can be expressed in algebra as the property that a(b+c) = ab + ac. The grid method uses the distributive property twice to expand the product, once for the horizontal factor, and once for the vertical factor. Hi... | Partial products algorithm | 0.813483 |
16,809 | Metanomski. The expansion of this book named Compendium of Polymer Terminology and Nomenclature: IUPAC Recommendations, 2008 was published by the Royal Society of Chemistry in 2009 (ISBN 978 0 85404 491 7). The rules and definitions were set up by the IUPAC Commission on Macromolecular Nomenclature. The work was carrie... | Compendium of Macromolecular Nomenclature | 0.813475 |
16,810 | The Compendium of Macromolecular Nomenclature, by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), provides definition of polymer related terms and rules of nomenclature of polymers. It is referred to as the Purple Book. It was published in 1991 (ISBN 0-63202-8475) by Blackwell Science. The author of this... | Compendium of Macromolecular Nomenclature | 0.813475 |
16,811 | The no-three-in-line problem in discrete geometry asks how many points can be placed in the n × n {\displaystyle n\times n} grid so that no three points lie on the same line. The problem concerns lines of all slopes, not only those aligned with the grid. It was introduced by Henry Dudeney in 1900. | No-three-in-line problem | 0.813471 |
16,812 | In computational geometry, finite sets of points with no three in line are said to be in general position. In this terminology, the no-three-in-line problem seeks the largest subset of a grid that is in general position, but researchers have also considered the problem of finding the largest general position subset of ... | No-three-in-line problem | 0.813471 |
16,813 | For instance, a placement with three points in line would be very bad by this criterion, because these three points would form a degenerate triangle with area zero. On the other hand, if the points can be placed on a grid of side length ε {\displaystyle \varepsilon } within the unit square, with no three in a line, the... | No-three-in-line problem | 0.813471 |
16,814 | The no-three-in-line problem also has applications to another problem in discrete geometry, the Heilbronn triangle problem. In this problem, one must place n {\displaystyle n} points, anywhere in a unit square, not restricted to a grid. The goal of the placement is to avoid small-area triangles, and more specifically t... | No-three-in-line problem | 0.813471 |
16,815 | After Removal or other processing, the remaining photoresist is removed by "dry" plasma ashing or by "wet" chemistry. Modification of electrical properties has historically entailed doping transistor sources and drains and polysilicon (originally by diffusion furnaces and later by ion implantation). These doping proces... | Device yield | 0.813468 |
16,816 | The theorem also relies on very efficient and space-like separated measurements. Such flaws are generally called loopholes. Except for the statistical independence loophole, a loophole-free experimental verification of a Bell inequality violation was performed in 2015. | Local hidden variables | 0.813467 |
16,817 | A classical local hidden-variable prediction for photons, based on Maxwell's equations, yields a cosine curve, but of reduced amplitude, such that the curve still lies within the straight-line limits specified in the original Bell inequality. Bell's theorem assumes that measurement settings are completely independent, ... | Local hidden variables | 0.813467 |
16,818 | Bell's theorem starts with the implication of the principle of local realism, that separated measurement processes are independent. Based on this premise, the probability of a coincidence between separated measurements of particles with correlated (e.g. identical or opposite) orientation properties can be written: wher... | Local hidden variables | 0.813467 |
16,819 | In the interpretation of quantum mechanics, a local hidden-variable theory is a hidden-variable theory that satisfies the condition of being consistent with local realism. This definition restricts all types of those theories that attempt to account for the probabilistic features of quantum mechanics via the mechanism ... | Local hidden variables | 0.813467 |
16,820 | In topology, a topological space is said to be resolvable if it is expressible as the union of two disjoint dense subsets. For instance, the real numbers form a resolvable topological space because the rationals and irrationals are disjoint dense subsets. A topological space that is not resolvable is termed irresolvabl... | Resolvable space | 0.813467 |
16,821 | The Brønsted–Lowry model calls hydrogen-containing substances (like HCl) acids. Thus, some substances, which many chemists considered to be acids, such as SO3 or BCl3, are excluded from this classification due to lack of hydrogen. Gilbert N. Lewis wrote in 1938, "To restrict the group of acids to those substances that ... | Acid-base chemistry | 0.813466 |
16,822 | A category C is called small if both ob(C) and hom(C) are actually sets and not proper classes, and large otherwise. A locally small category is a category such that for all objects a and b, the hom-class hom(a, b) is a set, called a homset. Many important categories in mathematics (such as the category of sets), altho... | Category (mathematics) | 0.813466 |
16,823 | The morphisms from x to x are precisely the elements of the monoid, the identity morphism of x is the identity of the monoid, and the categorical composition of morphisms is given by the monoid operation. Several definitions and theorems about monoids may be generalized for categories. Similarly any group can be seen a... | Category (mathematics) | 0.813466 |
16,824 | Any monoid (any algebraic structure with a single associative binary operation and an identity element) forms a small category with a single object x. (Here, x is any fixed set.) | Category (mathematics) | 0.813466 |
16,825 | In addition to formalizing mathematics, category theory is also used to formalize many other systems in computer science, such as the semantics of programming languages. Two categories are the same if they have the same collection of objects, the same collection of arrows, and the same associative method of composing a... | Category (mathematics) | 0.813466 |
16,826 | Chapter V. Limits. Chapter VI. Monads and Algebras. | Categories for the Working Mathematician | 0.813466 |
16,827 | The discrete equivalent of differentiation is finite differences. The study of differential calculus is unified with the calculus of finite differences in time scale calculus. Also see arithmetic derivative. | Higher derivative | 0.813466 |
16,828 | Nevertheless, there is a way of extending the notion of the derivative so that all continuous functions and many other functions can be differentiated using a concept known as the weak derivative. The idea is to embed the continuous functions in a larger space called the space of distributions and only require that a f... | Higher derivative | 0.813466 |
16,829 | The derivative (or differential) of a (differentiable) map f: M → N {\displaystyle f:M\to N} between manifolds, at a point x {\displaystyle x} in M {\displaystyle M} , is then a linear map from the tangent space of M {\displaystyle M} at x {\displaystyle x} to the tangent space of N {\displaystyle N} at f ( x ) {\displ... | Higher derivative | 0.813466 |
16,830 | In intuitionistic logic or a fixed theory using the logic, the situation can occur that an implication always hold metatheoretically, but not in the language. For example, in the pure propositional calculus, if ( ¬ A ) → ( B ∨ C ) {\displaystyle (\neg A)\to (B\lor C)} is provable, then so is ( ¬ A → B ) ∨ ( ¬ A → C ) {... | Constructivist logic | 0.813464 |
16,831 | If one wishes to include a connective ¬ {\displaystyle \lnot } for negation rather than consider it an abbreviation for ϕ → ⊥ {\displaystyle \phi \to \bot } , it is enough to add: NOT-1': ( ϕ → ⊥ ) → ¬ ϕ {\displaystyle (\phi \to \bot )\to \lnot \phi } NOT-2': ¬ ϕ → ( ϕ → ⊥ ) {\displaystyle \lnot \phi \to (\phi \to \bot... | Constructivist logic | 0.813464 |
16,832 | As such, the use of proof assistants (such as Agda or Coq) is enabling modern mathematicians and logicians to develop and prove extremely complex systems, beyond those that are feasible to create and check solely by hand. One example of a proof that was impossible to satisfactorily verify without formal verification is... | Constructivist logic | 0.813464 |
16,833 | As clocks were made smaller, first as bracket clocks and lantern clocks and then as the first large watches after 1500, balance wheels began to be used in place of foliots. Since more of its weight is located on the rim away from the axis, a balance wheel could have a larger moment of inertia than a foliot of the same ... | Balance wheels | 0.813464 |
16,834 | In some contexts, such as the proof of the time and space hierarchy theorems, it is more useful to assume that the abstract machine defining class A {\displaystyle A} only has access to a single oracle for one language. In this context, A B {\displaystyle A^{B}} is not defined if the complexity class B {\displaystyle B... | Oracle Turing machine | 0.813461 |
16,835 | Mech-Mind Robotics (short for Mech-Mind Robotics Technologies Ltd. ), simply as Mech-Mind, is an AI+3D robotics company founded by Tianlan Shao in 2016. The company focuses on industrial 3D cameras and software suites for robotic applications. | Mech-Mind Robotics | 0.813458 |
16,836 | In statistics, multinomial logistic regression is a classification method that generalizes logistic regression to multiclass problems, i.e. with more than two possible discrete outcomes. That is, it is a model that is used to predict the probabilities of the different possible outcomes of a categorically distributed de... | Multinomial logit | 0.813456 |
16,837 | Tenofovir was initially synthesized by Antonín Holý at the Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences in Prague. The patent filed in 1986 makes no mention of the potential use of the compound for the treatment of HIV infection but claims activity against herpes simplex virus... | Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate | 0.813456 |
16,838 | Tenofovir is a derivative of adenine and this was the chemical starting point for its first published synthesis which was included in patents to the compound. During drug development, attention switched to the phosphonate ester derivative, tenofovir disoproxil, which was the subject of extensive process chemistry to pr... | Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate | 0.813456 |
16,839 | Neural coding is a neuroscience-related field concerned with how sensory and other information is represented in the brain by networks of neurons. The main goal of studying neural coding is to characterize the relationship between the stimulus and the individual or ensemble neuronal responses and the relationship among... | Algebraic Coding Theory | 0.813455 |
16,840 | Walter H. Schottky and Nevill Francis Mott developed models of the potential barrier and of the characteristics of a metal–semiconductor junction. By 1938, Boris Davydov had developed a theory of the copper-oxide rectifier, identifying the effect of the p–n junction and the importance of minority carriers and surface s... | Physics of semiconductors | 0.813453 |
16,841 | In 1874, Karl Ferdinand Braun observed conduction and rectification in metallic sulfides, although this effect had been discovered much earlier by Peter Munck af Rosenschold (sv) writing for the Annalen der Physik und Chemie in 1835, and Arthur Schuster found that a copper oxide layer on wires has rectification propert... | Physics of semiconductors | 0.813453 |
16,842 | If the state is always occupied with an electron, then it is inert, blocking the passage of other electrons via that state. The energies of these quantum states are critical since a state is partially filled only if its energy is near the Fermi level (see Fermi–Dirac statistics). High conductivity in material comes fro... | Physics of semiconductors | 0.813453 |
16,843 | Survey Methodology is indexed in the following services: Current Index to Statistics Science Citation Index Expanded Social Sciences Citation Index | Survey Methodology | 0.813439 |
16,844 | Survey Methodology (or Techniques d'enquête in the French version) is a peer-reviewed open access scientific journal that publishes papers related to the development and application of survey techniques. It is published by Statistics Canada, the national statistical office of Canada, in English and French. The journal ... | Survey Methodology | 0.813439 |
16,845 | As a mathematical subject, the theory of probability arose very late—as compared to geometry for example—despite the fact that we have prehistoric evidence of man playing with dice from cultures from all over the world. One of the earliest writers on probability was Gerolamo Cardano. He perhaps produced the earliest kn... | Classical definition of probability | 0.813437 |
16,846 | Much of the mathematics of probability was developed on the basis of this simplistic definition. Alternative interpretations of probability (for example frequentist and subjective) also have problems. Mathematical probability theory deals in abstractions, avoiding the limitations and philosophical complications of any ... | Classical definition of probability | 0.813437 |
16,847 | Pragmatism was developed as a philosophical doctrine by C.S.Peirce and William James (1842–1910). In Peirce's view, the truth is nominally defined as a sign's correspondence to its object and pragmatically defined as the ideal final opinion to which sufficient investigation would lead sooner or later. James' epistemolo... | Gettier problem | 0.813432 |
16,848 | In number theory, the totient summatory function Φ ( n ) {\displaystyle \Phi (n)} is a summatory function of Euler's totient function defined by: Φ ( n ) := ∑ k = 1 n φ ( k ) , n ∈ N {\displaystyle \Phi (n):=\sum _{k=1}^{n}\varphi (k),\quad n\in \mathbf {N} } It is the number of coprime integer pairs {p, q}, 1 ≤ p ≤ q ... | Landau's totient constant | 0.813431 |
16,849 | Statistical Science is a review journal published by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics. The founding editor was Morris H. DeGroot, who explained the mission of the journal in his 1986 editorial:"A central purpose of Statistical Science is to convey the richness, breadth and unity of the field by presenting the f... | Statistical Science | 0.813427 |
16,850 | {\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{n+1}}{\tbinom {2n}{n}}.} The binomial distribution in statistics is ( n k ) p k ( 1 − p ) n − k . {\displaystyle {\tbinom {n}{k}}p^{k}(1-p)^{n-k}.} | Binomial coefficient | 0.813426 |
16,851 | Newton's binomial series, named after Sir Isaac Newton, is a generalization of the binomial theorem to infinite series: ( 1 + z ) α = ∑ n = 0 ∞ ( α n ) z n = 1 + ( α 1 ) z + ( α 2 ) z 2 + ⋯ . {\displaystyle (1+z)^{\alpha }=\sum _{n=0}^{\infty }{\alpha \choose n}z^{n}=1+{\alpha \choose 1}z+{\alpha \choose 2}z^{2}+\cdots... | Binomial coefficient | 0.813426 |
16,852 | In mathematics, the binomial coefficients are the positive integers that occur as coefficients in the binomial theorem. Commonly, a binomial coefficient is indexed by a pair of integers n ≥ k ≥ 0 and is written ( n k ) . {\displaystyle {\tbinom {n}{k}}.} It is the coefficient of the xk term in the polynomial expansion ... | Binomial coefficient | 0.813426 |
16,853 | However, these subsets can also be generated by successively choosing or excluding each element 1, ..., n; the n independent binary choices (bit-strings) allow a total of 2 n {\displaystyle 2^{n}} choices. The left and right sides are two ways to count the same collection of subsets, so they are equal. The formulas and... | Binomial coefficient | 0.813426 |
16,854 | The formula says the elements in the nth row of Pascal's triangle always add up to 2 raised to the nth power. This is obtained from the binomial theorem (∗) by setting x = 1 and y = 1. The formula also has a natural combinatorial interpretation: the left side sums the number of subsets of {1, ..., n} of sizes k = 0, 1,... | Binomial coefficient | 0.813426 |
16,855 | Then the fundamental theorem of linear inequalities implies (for feasible problems) that for every vertex x* of the LP feasible region, there exists a set of d (or fewer) inequality constraints from the LP such that, when we treat those d constraints as equalities, the unique solution is x*. Thereby we can study these ... | Mixed integer programming | 0.813424 |
16,856 | {\displaystyle X.} This topology will be the finest completely regular topology on X {\displaystyle X} coarser than the original one. In a similar vein, the Zariski topology on An is defined by taking the zero sets of polynomial functions as a base for the closed sets. | Countable base | 0.813423 |
16,857 | In some cases it is more convenient to use a base for the closed sets rather than the open ones. For example, a space is completely regular if and only if the zero sets form a base for the closed sets. Given any topological space X , {\displaystyle X,} the zero sets form the base for the closed sets of some topology on... | Countable base | 0.813423 |
16,858 | The closed sets of this topology are precisely the intersections of members of C . {\displaystyle {\mathcal {C}}.} | Countable base | 0.813423 |
16,859 | {\displaystyle X.} Then ⋂ C = ∅ {\displaystyle \bigcap {\mathcal {C}}=\varnothing } For each C 1 , C 2 ∈ C {\displaystyle C_{1},C_{2}\in {\mathcal {C}}} the union C 1 ∪ C 2 {\displaystyle C_{1}\cup C_{2}} is the intersection of some subfamily of C {\displaystyle {\mathcal {C}}} (that is, for any x ∈ X {\displaystyle x\... | Countable base | 0.813423 |
16,860 | Closed sets are equally adept at describing the topology of a space. There is, therefore, a dual notion of a base for the closed sets of a topological space. Given a topological space X , {\displaystyle X,} a family C {\displaystyle {\mathcal {C}}} of closed sets forms a base for the closed sets if and only if for each... | Countable base | 0.813423 |
16,861 | In mathematics, a base (or basis; PL: bases) for the topology τ of a topological space (X, τ) is a family B {\displaystyle {\mathcal {B}}} of open subsets of X such that every open set of the topology is equal to the union of some sub-family of B {\displaystyle {\mathcal {B}}} . For example, the set of all open interva... | Countable base | 0.813423 |
16,862 | Under some conditions detailed below, a family of subsets will form a base for a (unique) topology on X {\displaystyle X} , obtained by taking all possible unions of subfamilies. Such families of sets are very frequently used to define topologies. A weaker notion related to bases is that of a subbase for a topology. Ba... | Countable base | 0.813423 |
16,863 | Many important topological definitions such as continuity and convergence can be checked using only basic open sets instead of arbitrary open sets. Some topologies have a base of open sets with specific useful properties that may make checking such topological definitions easier. Not all families of subsets of a set X ... | Countable base | 0.813423 |
16,864 | Axiomatic design is a top down hierarchical functional decomposition process used as a solution synthesis framework for the analysis, development, re-engineering, and integration of products, information systems, business processes or software engineering solutions. Its structure is suited mathematically to analyze cou... | Function modeling | 0.813417 |
16,865 | In systems engineering, software engineering, and computer science, a function model or functional model is a structured representation of the functions (activities, actions, processes, operations) within the modeled system or subject area. A function model, similar with the activity model or process model, is a graphi... | Function modeling | 0.813417 |
16,866 | A virtual power plant is also a cloud-based central or distributed control center that takes advantage of information and communication technologies (ICTs) and Internet of things (IoT) devices to aggregate the capacities of heterogeneous Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) to form "a coalition of heterogeneous DERs" fo... | Virtual power plant | 0.813414 |
16,867 | The drawback is a higher complexity of the system, which requires complicated optimization, control, and secure communications. An interactive simulation on the website of the VPP operator Next Kraftwerke illustrates how the technology works.According to a 2012 report by Pike Research, VPP capacity would, from 2011 to ... | Virtual power plant | 0.813414 |
16,868 | The company aggregates distributed energy resources from biogas, solar and wind as well as large-scale power consumers.Distribution network operator, UK Power Networks, and Powervault, a battery manufacturer and power aggregator, created London's first virtual power plant in 2018, installing a trial fleet of battery sy... | Virtual power plant | 0.813414 |
16,869 | The Mouse Genetics Project (MGP) is a large-scale mutant mouse production and phenotyping programme aimed at identifying new model organisms of disease.Based at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, the project uses knockout mice most of which were generated by the International Knockout Mouse Consortium. For each mutan... | Mouse Genetics Project | 0.81341 |
16,870 | Indeed, when analysts run across a non-Hausdorff space, it is still probably at least preregular, and then they simply replace it with its Kolmogorov quotient, which is Hausdorff.In contrast, non-preregular spaces are encountered much more frequently in abstract algebra and algebraic geometry, in particular as the Zari... | T2 space | 0.813409 |
16,871 | Almost all spaces encountered in analysis are Hausdorff; most importantly, the real numbers (under the standard metric topology on real numbers) are a Hausdorff space. More generally, all metric spaces are Hausdorff. In fact, many spaces of use in analysis, such as topological groups and topological manifolds, have the... | T2 space | 0.813409 |
16,872 | The algebra of continuous (real or complex) functions on a compact Hausdorff space is a commutative C*-algebra, and conversely by the Banach–Stone theorem one can recover the topology of the space from the algebraic properties of its algebra of continuous functions. This leads to noncommutative geometry, where one cons... | T2 space | 0.813409 |
16,873 | By homeostasis, Cannon meant "the maintenance of steady states in the body and the physiological processes through which they are regulated." In other words, the body's ability to regulate its internal environment. William Beaumont was the first American to utilize the practical application of physiology. Nineteenth-ce... | Animal physiology | 0.813408 |
16,874 | In the 20th century, biologists became interested in how organisms other than human beings function, eventually spawning the fields of comparative physiology and ecophysiology. Major figures in these fields include Knut Schmidt-Nielsen and George Bartholomew. Most recently, evolutionary physiology has become a distinct... | Animal physiology | 0.813408 |
16,875 | Genetics is the study of heredity and the variation of traits within and between populations. It provides insights into the genetic basis of physiological processes and the ways in which genes interact with the environment to influence an organism's phenotype. Evolutionary biology is the study of the processes that hav... | Animal physiology | 0.813408 |
16,876 | Knowledge of biochemistry provides the foundation for understanding cellular and molecular processes that are essential to the functioning of organisms. Biophysics is the study of the physical properties of living organisms and their interactions with their environment. It helps to explain how organisms sense and respo... | Animal physiology | 0.813408 |
16,877 | Because physiology focuses on the functions and mechanisms of living organisms at all levels, from the molecular and cellular level to the level of whole organisms and populations, its foundations span a range of key disciplines: Anatomy is the study of the structure and organization of living organisms, from the micro... | Animal physiology | 0.813408 |
16,878 | Physiology (; from Ancient Greek φύσις (phúsis) 'nature, origin', and -λογία (-logía) 'study of') is the scientific study of functions and mechanisms in a living system. As a sub-discipline of biology, physiology focuses on how organisms, organ systems, individual organs, cells, and biomolecules carry out chemical and ... | Animal physiology | 0.813408 |
16,879 | In materials science, segregation is the enrichment of atoms, ions, or molecules at a microscopic region in a materials system. While the terms segregation and adsorption are essentially synonymous, in practice, segregation is often used to describe the partitioning of molecular constituents to defects from solid solut... | Segregation in materials | 0.813406 |
16,880 | The Language of the Genes (HarperCollins, ISBN 0-00-255020-2) is a popular science book by Steve Jones about genetics and evolution. It followed a 1991 series of Reith Lectures by Jones with the same title. The book introduces all different aspects of genetics and molecular biology, and the new editions contain informa... | The Language of the Genes | 0.813405 |
16,881 | The classic applications of bispherical coordinates are in solving partial differential equations, e.g., Laplace's equation, for which bispherical coordinates allow a separation of variables. However, the Helmholtz equation is not separable in bispherical coordinates. A typical example would be the electric field surro... | Bispherical coordinates | 0.813405 |
16,882 | A major objective of theoretical chemistry and computational chemistry is the calculation of the energy and properties of molecules so that chemical reactivity and material properties can be understood from first principles. As a practical matter, the aim is to complement the knowledge we gain from experiments, particu... | Molecular fragmentation methods | 0.813403 |
16,883 | However, for a real algebraic variety (that is a variety defined by equations with real coefficients), its dimension refers commonly to its complex dimension, and its real dimension refers to the maximum of the dimensions of the manifolds contained in the set of its real points. The real dimension is not greater than t... | Real dimension | 0.813402 |
16,884 | In mathematics, complex dimension usually refers to the dimension of a complex manifold or a complex algebraic variety. These are spaces in which the local neighborhoods of points (or of non-singular points in the case of a variety) are modeled on a Cartesian product of the form C d {\displaystyle \mathbb {C} ^{d}} for... | Real dimension | 0.813402 |
16,885 | A continuous game is a mathematical concept, used in game theory, that generalizes the idea of an ordinary game like tic-tac-toe (noughts and crosses) or checkers (draughts). In other words, it extends the notion of a discrete game, where the players choose from a finite set of pure strategies. The continuous game conc... | Continuous game | 0.813401 |
16,886 | The IEEE standard does not define the terms machine epsilon and unit roundoff, so differing definitions of these terms are in use, which can cause some confusion. The formal definition for machine epsilon is the one used by Prof. James Demmel in lecture scripts, the LAPACK linear algebra package, numerics research pape... | Machine precision | 0.813398 |
16,887 | Real products that are purchased for the industry are produced. Besides that, numerous research projects take place in the learning factory, e.g. Industrie 4.0 maturity model, assistance and learning systems, cyber-physical production systems and industrial robotics. Since 2018 the learning factory is part of the SME 4... | Learning Factory | 0.813397 |
16,888 | As an accompanying UserStory, the goal is to derive, evaluate and implement a suitable process from existing plant modules directly from the product order. The findings from the current research are subsequently flowing into the teaching of the Faculty of Electrical Engineering at the TU Dresden. In addition, students ... | Learning Factory | 0.813397 |
16,889 | The P2O-Lab is a 110 m² learning factory on the premises of the Dresden University of Technology. Building on solution approaches from the fields of modularization, digitization and artificial intelligence, the P2O-Lab investigates the next steps to serve highly variable markets with almost binary product life cycles. ... | Learning Factory | 0.813397 |
16,890 | Different Industrie 4.0-concepts are integrated, e.g. process and layout adaptivity, a high degree of human-machine interaction, and use of data analytics for transparency and optimization. AGV transportation connects the manufacturing with the assembly area. The material is replenished automatically. Furthermore, oper... | Learning Factory | 0.813397 |
16,891 | Modern research topics in solid-state physics include: High-temperature superconductivity Quasicrystals Spin glass Strongly correlated materials Two-dimensional materials Nanomaterials | Solid-state physicist | 0.813392 |
16,892 | The library takes advantage of processor features including MMX, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSSE3, SSE4, AVX, AVX2, AVX-512, AES-NI and multi-core processors. Intel IPP includes functions for: Video decode/encode Audio decode/encode JPEG/JPEG2000/JPEG XR Computer vision Cryptography Data compression Image color conversion Image ... | Integrated Performance Primitives | 0.813391 |
16,893 | Intel IPP is divided into four major processing groups: Signal (with linear array or vector data), Image (with 2D arrays for typical color spaces), Data Compression and Cryptography.Half the entry points are of the matrix type, a third are of the signal type and the remainder are of the image and cryptography types. In... | Integrated Performance Primitives | 0.813391 |
16,894 | PLOS Computational Biology is a monthly peer-reviewed open access scientific journal covering computational biology. It was established in 2005 by the Public Library of Science in association with the International Society for Computational Biology (ISCB) in the same format as the previously established PLOS Biology an... | PLOS Computational Biology | 0.813388 |
16,895 | NESbase is a database of proteins with experimentally verified leucine-rich nuclear export signals (NES). The verification is performed by, among others, Technical University of Denmark Center for Biological Sequence Analysis and University of Copenhagen Department of Protein Chemistry. Every entry in its database incl... | Nuclear export signal | 0.813384 |
16,896 | A real number is a computable number if there is an algorithm that, given a natural number n {\displaystyle n} , produces a decimal expansion for the number accurate to n {\displaystyle n} decimal places. This notion was introduced by Alan Turing in 1936.The computable numbers include the algebraic numbers along with m... | Definable number | 0.813381 |
16,897 | Specific varieties of definable numbers include the constructible numbers of geometry, the algebraic numbers, and the computable numbers. Because formal languages can have only countably many formulas, every notion of definable numbers has at most countably many definable real numbers. However, by Cantor's diagonal arg... | Definable number | 0.813381 |
16,898 | Most of the arrays processing applications in astronomy are related to image processing. The array used to achieve a higher quality that is not achievable by using a single channel. The high image quality facilitates quantitative analysis and comparison with images at other wavelengths. | Array processing | 0.813374 |
16,899 | The ultimate goal of sensor array signal processing is to estimate the values of parameters by using available temporal and spatial information, collected through sampling a wavefield with a set of antennas that have a precise geometry description. The processing of the captured data and information is done under the a... | Array processing | 0.813374 |
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