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20,100 | The RANSAC algorithm is often used in computer vision, e.g., to simultaneously solve the correspondence problem and estimate the fundamental matrix related to a pair of stereo cameras; see also: Structure from motion, scale-invariant feature transform, image stitching, rigid motion segmentation. | Random sample consensus | 0.811083 |
20,101 | MLESAC (Maximum Likelihood Estimate Sample Consensus) – maximizes the likelihood that the data was generated from the sample-fitted model, e.g. a mixture model of inliers and outliers MAPSAC (Maximum A Posterior Sample Consensus) – extends MLESAC to incorporate a prior probability of the parameters to be fitted and max... | Random sample consensus | 0.811083 |
20,102 | Since 1981 RANSAC has become a fundamental tool in the computer vision and image processing community. In 2006, for the 25th anniversary of the algorithm, a workshop was organized at the International Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) to summarize the most recent contributions and variations ... | Random sample consensus | 0.811083 |
20,103 | In general n-dimensional projective space, a correlation takes a point to a hyperplane. This context was described by Paul Yale: A correlation of the projective space P(V) is an inclusion-reversing permutation of the proper subspaces of P(V).He proves a theorem stating that a correlation φ interchanges joins and inters... | Correlation (projective geometry) | 0.811081 |
20,104 | In projective geometry, a correlation is a transformation of a d-dimensional projective space that maps subspaces of dimension k to subspaces of dimension d − k − 1, reversing inclusion and preserving incidence. Correlations are also called reciprocities or reciprocal transformations. | Correlation (projective geometry) | 0.811081 |
20,105 | The Raumschach 3‑D board can be thought of as a cube sliced into five equal spaces across each of its three major coordinal planes. This sectioning yields a 5×5×5 (125 cube) gamespace. The cubes (usually represented by squares and often called cells) alternate in color in all three dimensions. The horizontal levels are... | Three-dimensional chess | 0.81108 |
20,106 | The application of Bayes' theorem to projected probabilities of opinions is a homomorphism, meaning that Bayes' theorem can be expressed in terms of projected probabilities of opinions: P ( ω A | ~ B S ) = P ( ω B | A S ) a ( A ) P ( ω B | A S ) a ( A ) + P ( ω B | ¬ A S ) a ( ¬ A ) . {\displaystyle P(\omega _{A{\tilde... | Bayes' law | 0.811074 |
20,107 | Bayes' theorem represents a special case of deriving inverted conditional opinions in subjective logic expressed as: ( ω A | ~ B S , ω A | ~ ¬ B S ) = ( ω B | A S , ω B | ¬ A S ) ϕ ~ a A , {\displaystyle (\omega _{A{\tilde {|}}B}^{S},\omega _{A{\tilde {|}}\lnot B}^{S})=(\omega _{B\vert A}^{S},\omega _{B\vert \lnot A}^{... | Bayes' law | 0.811074 |
20,108 | Bayes' theorem may be derived from the definition of conditional probability: P ( A | B ) = P ( A ∩ B ) P ( B ) , if P ( B ) ≠ 0 , {\displaystyle P(A\vert B)={\frac {P(A\cap B)}{P(B)}},{\text{ if }}P(B)\neq 0,} where P ( A ∩ B ) {\displaystyle P(A\cap B)} is the probability of both A and B being true. Similarly, P ( B ... | Bayes' law | 0.811074 |
20,109 | Kolmogorov underlines the importance of conditional probability by writing "I wish to call attention to ... and especially the theory of conditional probabilities and conditional expectations ..." in the Preface. The Bayes theorem determines the posterior distribution from the prior distribution. Bayes' theorem can be ... | Bayes' law | 0.811074 |
20,110 | Let P Y x {\displaystyle P_{Y}^{x}} be the conditional distribution of Y {\displaystyle Y} given X = x {\displaystyle X=x} and let P X {\displaystyle P_{X}} be the distribution of X {\displaystyle X} . The joint distribution is then P X , Y ( d x , d y ) = P Y x ( d y ) P X ( d x ) {\displaystyle P_{X,Y}(dx,dy)=P_{Y}^{... | Bayes' law | 0.811074 |
20,111 | Let X {\displaystyle X} be the topological space consisting of two points p {\displaystyle p} and q {\displaystyle q} with the discrete topology. X {\displaystyle X} has four open sets: ∅ , { p } , { q } , { p , q } {\displaystyle \varnothing ,\{p\},\{q\},\{p,q\}} . The five non-trivial inclusions of the open sets of X... | Constant sheaf | 0.811074 |
20,112 | Let X {\displaystyle X} be a topological space, and A {\displaystyle A} a set. The sections of the constant sheaf A _ {\displaystyle {\underline {A}}} over an open set U {\displaystyle U} may be interpreted as the continuous functions U → A {\displaystyle U\to A} , where A {\displaystyle A} is given the discrete topolo... | Constant sheaf | 0.811074 |
20,113 | When applications need sequencing, users often use LabVIEW with the TestStand test management software, also from National Instruments. The Ch interpreter is a C/C++ interpreter that can be embedded in LabVIEW for scripting.DSP Robotics' FlowStone DSP also uses a form of graphical programming similar to LabVIEW, but is... | LabVIEW | 0.811073 |
20,114 | Many libraries with a large number of functions for data acquisition, signal generation, mathematics, statistics, signal conditioning, analysis, etc., along with numerous for functions such as integration, filters, and other specialized abilities usually associated with data capture from hardware sensors is enormous. I... | LabVIEW | 0.811073 |
20,115 | For complex algorithms or large-scale code, a programmer must possess extensive knowledge of the special LabVIEW syntax and the topology of its memory management. The most advanced LabVIEW development systems offer the ability to build stand-alone applications. Furthermore, it is possible to create distributed applicat... | LabVIEW | 0.811073 |
20,116 | The run-time engine governs execution flow, and provides a consistent interface to various operating systems, graphic systems and hardware components. The use of run-time environment makes the source code files portable across supported platforms. LabVIEW programs are slower than equivalent compiled C code, though like... | LabVIEW | 0.811073 |
20,117 | Suppose that X is a variety over a field K with valuation v whose image is dense in R {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} } (for example a field of Puiseux series). By acting coordinate-wise, v defines a map from the algebraic torus ( K × ) n {\displaystyle (K^{\times })^{n}} to R n {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{n}} . Then defin... | Tropical geometry | 0.811072 |
20,118 | Such polynomials and their solutions have important applications in optimization problems, for example the problem of optimizing departure times for a network of trains. Tropical geometry is a variant of algebraic geometry in which polynomial graphs resemble piecewise linear meshes, and in which numbers belong to the t... | Tropical geometry | 0.811072 |
20,119 | In mathematics, tropical geometry is the study of polynomials and their geometric properties when addition is replaced with minimization and multiplication is replaced with ordinary addition: x ⊕ y = min { x , y } , {\displaystyle x\oplus y=\min\{x,y\},} x ⊗ y = x + y . {\displaystyle x\otimes y=x+y.} So for example, t... | Tropical geometry | 0.811072 |
20,120 | This deformation depends primarily on the applied stress in the applicable direction (in most cases, this is the y-direction of a regular Cartesian coordinate system), the crack length, and the geometry of the specimen. To estimate how this plastic deformation zone extended from the crack tip, Irwin equated the yield s... | Fracture Mechanics | 0.811071 |
20,121 | In theory the stress at the crack tip where the radius is nearly zero, would tend to infinity. This would be considered a stress singularity, which is not possible in real-world applications. For this reason, in numerical studies in the field of fracture mechanics, it is often appropriate to represent cracks as round t... | Fracture Mechanics | 0.811071 |
20,122 | The data can be used for food design, i.e. for adjusting the intensity and duration of vanillin flavor tasted by the consumer. Another example for the application of PTR-MS in food science was published in 2008 by C. Lindinger et al. in Analytical Chemistry. This publication found great response even in non-scientific ... | Proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry | 0.811066 |
20,123 | Researchers at the Leopold-Franzens University in Innsbruck invented a dedicated PTR-MS inlet system for the analysis of aerosols and particulate matter, which they called "CHemical Analysis of aeRosol ON-line (CHARON)". After further development work in collaboration with a PTR-MS manufacturer, CHARON has become readi... | Proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry | 0.811066 |
20,124 | Proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) is an analytical chemistry technique that uses gas phase hydronium reagent ions which are produced in an ion source. PTR-MS is used for online monitoring of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in ambient air and was developed in 1995 by scientists at the Institut für Io... | Proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry | 0.811066 |
20,125 | Furthermore, with this approach unusual fragmentation of analytes has been observed which complicates interpretation of measurement results and comparison between different types of instruments even more. A different concept has been introduced by the company IONICON Analytik GmbH. (Innsbruck, AT) where the ion funnel ... | Proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry | 0.811066 |
20,126 | In organic chemistry, an aromatic amine is an organic compound consisting of an aromatic ring attached to an amine. It is a broad class of compounds that encompasses anilines, but also many more complex aromatic rings and many amine substituents beyond NH2. Such compounds occur widely. Aromatic amines are widely used a... | Aromatic amines | 0.811066 |
20,127 | The method of characteristics can be used in some very special cases to solve nonlinear partial differential equations.In some cases, a PDE can be solved via perturbation analysis in which the solution is considered to be a correction to an equation with a known solution. Alternatives are numerical analysis techniques ... | Partial Differential Equation | 0.811065 |
20,128 | There are no generally applicable methods to solve nonlinear PDEs. Still, existence and uniqueness results (such as the Cauchy–Kowalevski theorem) are often possible, as are proofs of important qualitative and quantitative properties of solutions (getting these results is a major part of analysis). Computational soluti... | Partial Differential Equation | 0.811065 |
20,129 | The finite element method (FEM) (its practical application often known as finite element analysis (FEA)) is a numerical technique for finding approximate solutions of partial differential equations (PDE) as well as of integral equations. The solution approach is based either on eliminating the differential equation com... | Partial Differential Equation | 0.811065 |
20,130 | A general approach to solving PDEs uses the symmetry property of differential equations, the continuous infinitesimal transformations of solutions to solutions (Lie theory). Continuous group theory, Lie algebras and differential geometry are used to understand the structure of linear and nonlinear partial differential ... | Partial Differential Equation | 0.811065 |
20,131 | From 1870 Sophus Lie's work put the theory of differential equations on a more satisfactory foundation. He showed that the integration theories of the older mathematicians can, by the introduction of what are now called Lie groups, be referred, to a common source; and that ordinary differential equations which admit th... | Partial Differential Equation | 0.811065 |
20,132 | The parameters of u ( t , x ) {\displaystyle u(t,x)} and f ( t , x ) {\displaystyle f(t,x)} can be then learned by minimizing the following loss function L t o t {\displaystyle L_{tot}}: L t o t = L u + L f {\displaystyle L_{tot}=L_{u}+L_{f}} . Where L u = ‖ u − z ‖ Γ {\displaystyle L_{u}=\Vert u-z\Vert _{\Gamma }} is ... | Partial Differential Equation | 0.811065 |
20,133 | For example, a general second order semi-linear PDE in two variables is In a quasilinear PDE the highest order derivatives likewise appear only as linear terms, but with coefficients possibly functions of the unknown and lower-order derivatives: Many of the fundamental PDEs in physics are quasilinear, such as the Einst... | Partial Differential Equation | 0.811065 |
20,134 | The Cauchy–Kowalevski theorem for Cauchy initial value problems essentially states that if the terms in a partial differential equation are all made up of analytic functions and a certain transversality condition is satisfied (the hyperplane or more generally hypersurface where the initial data are posed must be non-ch... | Partial Differential Equation | 0.811065 |
20,135 | Reciprocal polynomials arise naturally in linear algebra as the characteristic polynomial of the inverse of a matrix. In the special case where the field is the complex numbers, when p ( z ) = a 0 + a 1 z + a 2 z 2 + ⋯ + a n z n , {\displaystyle p(z)=a_{0}+a_{1}z+a_{2}z^{2}+\cdots +a_{n}z^{n},} the conjugate reciprocal... | Reciprocal polynomial | 0.81106 |
20,136 | In algebra, given a polynomial p ( x ) = a 0 + a 1 x + a 2 x 2 + ⋯ + a n x n , {\displaystyle p(x)=a_{0}+a_{1}x+a_{2}x^{2}+\cdots +a_{n}x^{n},} with coefficients from an arbitrary field, its reciprocal polynomial or reflected polynomial, denoted by p∗ or pR, is the polynomial p ∗ ( x ) = a n + a n − 1 x + ⋯ + a 0 x n =... | Reciprocal polynomial | 0.81106 |
20,137 | So z0 is a root of the polynomial z n p ( z ¯ − 1 ) ¯ {\displaystyle z^{n}{\overline {p({\bar {z}}^{-1})}}} which has degree n. But, the minimal polynomial is unique, hence c p ( z ) = z n p ( z ¯ − 1 ) ¯ {\displaystyle cp(z)=z^{n}{\overline {p({\bar {z}}^{-1})}}} for some constant c, i.e. c a i = a n − i ¯ = a n − i {... | Reciprocal polynomial | 0.811059 |
20,138 | In particular, supervector bundles and principal superbundles are considered in the category of G {\displaystyle G} -supermanifolds. Definitions of principal superbundles and principal superconnections straightforwardly follow that of smooth principal bundles and principal connections. Principal graded bundles also are... | Supergeometry | 0.811059 |
20,139 | In particular, superconnections are defined as Koszul connections on these modules and sheaves. However, supergeometry is not particular noncommutative geometry because of a different definition of a graded derivation. Graded manifolds and supermanifolds also are phrased in terms of sheaves of graded commutative algebr... | Supergeometry | 0.811059 |
20,140 | Supergeometry is differential geometry of modules over graded commutative algebras, supermanifolds and graded manifolds. Supergeometry is part and parcel of many classical and quantum field theories involving odd fields, e.g., SUSY field theory, BRST theory, or supergravity. Supergeometry is formulated in terms of Z 2 ... | Supergeometry | 0.811059 |
20,141 | Type IIA topoisomerase operates through a "two-gate" mechanism (though this is a historical notation), a mechanism supported by biochemistry as well as by structural work.A strand of DNA, called the gate, or G-segment, is bound by a central DNA-binding gate (DNA-gate). A second strand of DNA, called the transport, or T... | Topoisomerase II inhibitor | 0.811058 |
20,142 | The university offers graduate-level students a range of postgraduate degrees, focusing on core components of the AI industry: Computer Vision, Machine Learning, and Natural Language Processing. MBZUAI offers graduate-level degrees that are research-intensive and focused on practical AI. The university has the followin... | Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence | 0.811057 |
20,143 | The establishment of MBZUAI is part of the United Arab Emirates strategy for Artificial Intelligence 2031, for which came the appointment of the world's first Minister of State for Artificial Intelligence.As of June 2022, MBZUAI ranks 127th globally among institutions that conduct research in computer science according... | Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence | 0.811057 |
20,144 | Mohamed Bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence (MBZUAI) is a graduate-level, research-based academic institution located in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. The current president, Professor Eric Xing, joined in January 2021. Sir J. Michael Brady served as the founding, interim president. Professor Ling Shao wa... | Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence | 0.811057 |
20,145 | In the strand passage mechanism, the cleavage of DNA is key to allow the T-segment to transfer through the G-segment. The mechanism of DNA cleavage by type IIA topoisomerases has recently been the focus of many biochemical and structural biology studies. | Topoisomerase II inhibitor | 0.811057 |
20,146 | A 2011 McKinsey Global Institute report characterizes the main components and ecosystem of big data as follows: Techniques for analyzing data, such as A/B testing, machine learning, and natural language processing Big data technologies, like business intelligence, cloud computing, and databases Visualization, such as c... | Big Data | 0.811056 |
20,147 | Finally, the use of multivariate methods that probe for the latent structure of the data, such as factor analysis and cluster analysis, have proven useful as analytic approaches that go well beyond the bi-variate approaches (e.g. contingency tables) typically employed with smaller data sets. In health and biology, conv... | Big Data | 0.811056 |
20,148 | CERN and other physics experiments have collected big data sets for many decades, usually analyzed via high-throughput computing rather than the map-reduce architectures usually meant by the current "big data" movement. In 2004, Google published a paper on a process called MapReduce that uses a similar architecture. Th... | Big Data | 0.811056 |
20,149 | Big data repositories have existed in many forms, often built by corporations with a special need. Commercial vendors historically offered parallel database management systems for big data beginning in the 1990s. For many years, WinterCorp published the largest database report.Teradata Corporation in 1984 marketed the ... | Big Data | 0.811056 |
20,150 | Large data sets have been analyzed by computing machines for well over a century, including the US census analytics performed by IBM's punch-card machines which computed statistics including means and variances of populations across the whole continent. In more recent decades, science experiments such as CERN have prod... | Big Data | 0.811056 |
20,151 | Nutrition education programs within schools try to create behaviors that prevent students from potentially becoming obese, developing diabetes and cardiovascular issues, and forming negative emotional issues by educating students on the aspects of a healthy diet, emphasizing the consumption of lower fat dairy options a... | Nutrition education | 0.811054 |
20,152 | Such properties include ropelength and various knot energies (O’Hara 2003). Most of the work discussed in this article and in the references below is not concerned with knots tied in physical pieces of rope. For the more specific physics of such knots, see Knot: Physical theory of friction knots. | Physical knot theory | 0.811045 |
20,153 | Physical knot theory is the study of mathematical models of knotting phenomena, often motivated by considerations from biology, chemistry, and physics (Kauffman 1991). Physical knot theory is used to study how geometric and topological characteristics of filamentary structures, such as magnetic flux tubes, vortex filam... | Physical knot theory | 0.811045 |
20,154 | In experimental particle physics, a calorimeter is a type of detector that measures the energy of particles. Particles enter the calorimeter and initiate a particle shower in which their energy is deposited in the calorimeter, collected, and measured. The energy may be measured in its entirety, requiring total containm... | Electromagnetic calorimeter | 0.81104 |
20,155 | Most particle physics experiments use some form of calorimetry. Often it is the most practical way to detect and measure neutral particles from an interaction. In addition, calorimeters are necessary for calculating "missing energy" which can be attributed to particles that rarely interact with matter and escape the de... | Electromagnetic calorimeter | 0.81104 |
20,156 | A runaway greenhouse effect occurs when greenhouse gases accumulate in the atmosphere through a positive feedback cycle to such an extent that they substantially block radiated heat from escaping into space, thus greatly increasing the temperature of the planet.A runaway greenhouse effect involving carbon dioxide and w... | Greenhouse Effect | 0.811038 |
20,157 | The mixed phase clouds have negative radiative forcing. The radiative forcing of mix-phase clouds has a larger uncertainty than liquid clouds. One reason is that the microphysics are much more complicated because the coexistence of both liquid and solid water. | Greenhouse Effect | 0.811038 |
20,158 | A chemocline is a type of cline, a layer of fluid with different properties, characterized by a strong, vertical chemistry gradient within a body of water. In bodies of water where chemoclines occur, the cline separates the upper and lower layers, resulting in different properties for those layers. The lower layer show... | Chemocline | 0.811037 |
20,159 | interAptiv is a multiprocessor core leveraging a nine-stage pipeline with multi-threading. The core can be used for highly-parallel tasks requiring cost and power optimization, such as smart gateways, baseband processing in LTE user equipment and small cells, solid-state drive (SSD) controllers, and automotive equipmen... | MIPS architecture processors | 0.811033 |
20,160 | A high-performance computing startup named SiCortex introduced a massively parallel MIPS-based supercomputer in 2007. The machines are based on the MIPS64 architecture and a high performance interconnect using a Kautz graph topology. The system is very power efficient and computationally powerful. The most innovative a... | MIPS architecture processors | 0.811033 |
20,161 | In mathematics, particularly linear algebra, a zero matrix is a matrix with all its entries being zero. It is alternately denoted by the symbol O {\displaystyle O} . Some examples of zero matrices are 0 1 , 1 = , 0 2 , 2 = , 0 2 , 3 = , {\displaystyle 0_{1,1}={\begin{bmatrix}0\end{bmatrix}},\ 0_{2,2}={\begin{bmatrix... | Zero tensor | 0.811028 |
20,162 | Commutator (ring theory): if a and b belong to a ring, then = a b − b a {\displaystyle =ab-ba} . 4. Denotes the Lie bracket, the operation of a Lie algebra. | Mathematical symbols | 0.811027 |
20,163 | Machine learning can be defined as the ability of a machine to learn and then mimic human behavior that requires intelligence. This is accomplished through artificial intelligence, algorithms, and models. | Predictive Intelligence | 0.811025 |
20,164 | Current methods in computational nonlinear algebra can be broadly broken into two domains: symbolic and numerical. Symbolic methods often rely on the computation of Gröbner bases and resultants. On the other hand, numerical methods typically use algebraically founded homotopy continuation, with a base field of the comp... | Nonlinear algebra | 0.811023 |
20,165 | Nonlinear algebra is the nonlinear analogue to linear algebra, generalizing notions of spaces and transformations coming from the linear setting. Algebraic geometry is one of the main areas of mathematical research supporting nonlinear algebra, while major components coming from computational mathematics support the de... | Nonlinear algebra | 0.811023 |
20,166 | Nonlinear algebra is closely related to algebraic geometry, where the main objects of study include algebraic equations, algebraic varieties, and schemes. | Nonlinear algebra | 0.811023 |
20,167 | The memory interactions are differentiable end-to-end, making it possible to optimize them using gradient descent. An NTM with a long short-term memory (LSTM) network controller can infer simple algorithms such as copying, sorting, and associative recall from examples alone.The authors of the original NTM paper did not... | Neural Turing Machine | 0.811022 |
20,168 | A neural Turing machine (NTM) is a recurrent neural network model of a Turing machine. The approach was published by Alex Graves et al. in 2014. NTMs combine the fuzzy pattern matching capabilities of neural networks with the algorithmic power of programmable computers. An NTM has a neural network controller coupled to... | Neural Turing Machine | 0.811022 |
20,169 | The theory of phlogiston arose in the 17th century, late in the period of alchemy. Its replacement by caloric theory in the 18th century is one of the historical markers of the transition from alchemy to chemistry. Phlogiston was a hypothetical substance that was presumed to be liberated from combustible substances dur... | Theory of heat | 0.811022 |
20,170 | In 1900 Max Planck found an accurate formula for the spectrum of black-body radiation. Fitting new data required the introduction of a new constant, known as Planck's constant, the fundamental constant of modern physics. Looking at the radiation as coming from a cavity oscillator in thermal equilibrium, the formula sug... | Theory of heat | 0.811022 |
20,171 | The following list is a rough disciplinary outline of the major branches of thermodynamics and their time of inception: Thermochemistry – 1780s Classical thermodynamics – 1824 Chemical thermodynamics – 1876 Statistical mechanics – c. 1880s Equilibrium thermodynamics Engineering thermodynamics Chemical engineering therm... | Theory of heat | 0.811022 |
20,172 | Joseph Black and Antoine Lavoisier made important contributions in the precise measurement of heat changes using the calorimeter, a subject which became known as thermochemistry. The development of the steam engine focused attention on calorimetry and the amount of heat produced from different types of coal. The first ... | Theory of heat | 0.811022 |
20,173 | doi:10.1002/14356007.a24_107.pub2. Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). | Silver ions | 0.811022 |
20,174 | Brumby, Andreas; et al. (2008). "Silver, Silver Compounds, and Silver Alloys". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. | Silver ions | 0.811022 |
20,175 | Silver plays a certain role in mythology and has found various usage as a metaphor and in folklore. The Greek poet Hesiod's Works and Days (lines 109–201) lists different ages of man named after metals like gold, silver, bronze and iron to account for successive ages of humanity. Ovid's Metamorphoses contains another r... | Silver ions | 0.811022 |
20,176 | In December 2018, DeepMind's AlphaFold placed first in the overall rankings of the 13th Critical Assessment of Techniques for Protein Structure Prediction (CASP).The program was particularly successfully predicting the most accurate structure for targets rated as the most difficult by the competition organisers, where ... | AlphaFold 2 | 0.81102 |
20,177 | AlphaFold is an artificial intelligence (AI) program developed by DeepMind, a subsidiary of Alphabet, which performs predictions of protein structure. The program is designed as a deep learning system.AlphaFold AI software has had two major versions. A team of researchers that used AlphaFold 1 (2018) placed first in th... | AlphaFold 2 | 0.81102 |
20,178 | As the iteration progresses, according to one report, the "attention algorithm ... mimics the way a person might assemble a jigsaw puzzle: first connecting pieces in small clumps—in this case clusters of amino acids—and then searching for ways to join the clumps in a larger whole. "The output of these iterations then i... | AlphaFold 2 | 0.81102 |
20,179 | The 2020 version of the program (AlphaFold 2, 2020) is significantly different from the original version that won CASP 13 in 2018, according to the team at DeepMind.The DeepMind team had identified that its previous approach, combining local physics with a guide potential derived from pattern recognition, had a tendenc... | AlphaFold 2 | 0.81102 |
20,180 | However, the Levinthal's paradox shows that while a protein can fold in milliseconds, the time it takes to calculate all the possible structures randomly to determine the true native structure is longer than the age of the known universe, which made predicting protein structures a grand challenge in biology for scienti... | AlphaFold 2 | 0.81102 |
20,181 | The Plant Proteome Database is a National Science Foundation-funded project to determine the biological function of each protein in plants. It includes data for two plants that are widely studied in molecular biology, Arabidopsis thaliana and maize (Zea mays). Initially the project was limited to plant plastids, under ... | Plant Proteome Database | 0.811017 |
20,182 | Oral argument took place on April 15, 2013. On June 13, 2013, in Association for Molecular Pathology v. Myriad Genetics (No. 12-398), the US Supreme Court unanimously ruled that "A naturally occurring DNA segment is a product of nature and not patent eligible merely because it has been isolated", invalidating Myriad's ... | Myriad Genetics | 0.811015 |
20,183 | Myriad Genetics's patents on human genes became quite controversial. Following the discovery by Mary-Claire King that a gene on chromosome 17 is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer, Myriad attempted to patent this gene. These patents were the subject of scrutiny after Myriad became involved in a lawsuit ... | Myriad Genetics | 0.811015 |
20,184 | Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) is the management of the manufacturing process of any industry that produces goods. It can span the full product lifecycle from idea generation to implementation, delivery, and disposal. KBE at this level will deal with product issues of a more generic nature than it will with CAx. A ... | Knowledge based engineering | 0.811015 |
20,185 | ParaPy by ParaPy Adaptive Modeling Language from TechnoSoft Inc. Enventive by Enventive Engineering, Inc. the Gendl Project Genworks GDL from Genworks International Pacelab Suite by PACE Aerospace Engineering and Information Technology GmbH PCPACK by Tacit Connexions Quaestor by Maritime Research Institute Netherlands | Knowledge based engineering | 0.811015 |
20,186 | They attempted to patent this gene, which resulted in significant controversy and a landmark Supreme Court Case.The firm then established the first clinical laboratory to commercialize genomic testing. Myriad created the first test to measure the molecular biology and aggressiveness of men’s prostate cancer, devised a ... | Myriad Genetics | 0.811015 |
20,187 | The global search for the genetic basis of breast cancer began when Mary-Claire King, Ph.D., from the University of California, Berkeley announced the localization through linkage analysis of a gene associated with increased risk for breast cancer (BRCA1) to the long arm of chromosome 17.To further locate the actual ge... | Myriad Genetics | 0.811015 |
20,188 | The founders of Myriad are Peter Meldrum (past President and CEO of Agridyne and past CEO and President of Myriad Genetics, Inc.), Kevin Kimberlin (Chairman of Spencer Trask & Co. ), Dr. Walter Gilbert (Founder of Biogen) and Mark Skolnick (Adjunct Professor in the Department of Medical Informatics at the University of... | Myriad Genetics | 0.811015 |
20,189 | In August 2016, Myriad announced it would acquire Assurex Health for up to $410 million, expanding the company's genetic testing for psychotropic medicine selection.In July 2018, Myriad completed an acquisition of reproductive genetic testing firm Counsyl for $375 million, expanding the company's testing capabilities t... | Myriad Genetics | 0.811015 |
20,190 | In 2010-2013 Myriad Genetics was a defendant in the case Association for Molecular Pathology v. Myriad Genetics (formerly Association For Molecular Pathology et al. v. United States Patent and Trademark Office). Lawyers at the ACLU served as counsel for the plaintiffs. In the suit, medical associations, doctors, and pa... | Myriad Genetics | 0.811015 |
20,191 | Myriad Genetics, Inc. is an American genetic testing and precision medicine company based in Salt Lake City, Utah, United States. Myriad employs a number of proprietary technologies that permit doctors and patients to understand the genetic basis of human disease and the role that genes play in the onset, progression a... | Myriad Genetics | 0.811015 |
20,192 | A fundamental trade-off identified with knowledge representation in artificial intelligence is between expressive power and computability. As Levesque demonstrated in his classic paper on the topic, the more powerful a knowledge-representation formalism one designs, the closer the formalism will come to the expressive ... | Knowledge based engineering | 0.811015 |
20,193 | Extensions of First Order Logic is a book on mathematical logic. It was written by María Manzano, and published in 1996 by the Cambridge University Press as volume 19 of their book series Cambridge Tracts in Theoretical Computer Science. | Extensions of First Order Logic | 0.811014 |
20,194 | The third continues the topic of second-order logic, showing how to formulate Peano arithmetic in it, and using Gödel's first incompleteness theorem to provide a second proof of incompleteness of second-order logic. Chapter four formulates a non-standard semantics for second-order logic (from Henkin), in which quantifi... | Extensions of First Order Logic | 0.811014 |
20,195 | The book concerns forms of logic that go beyond first-order logic, and in particular (following the work of Leon Henkin) the project of unifying them by translating all of these extensions into a specific form of logic, many-sorted logic. Beyond many-sorted logic, its topics include second-order logic (including its in... | Extensions of First Order Logic | 0.811014 |
20,196 | Although the book is intended as a textbook for advanced undergraduates or beginning graduate students, reviewer Mohamed Amer suggests that it does not have enough exercises to support a course in its subject, and that some of its proofs are lacking in detail. Reviewer Hans Jürgen Ohlbach suggests that it would be more... | Extensions of First Order Logic | 0.811014 |
20,197 | The inductance of a circuit depends on the geometry of the current path, and on the magnetic permeability of nearby materials; ferromagnetic materials with a higher permeability like iron near a conductor tend to increase the magnetic field and inductance. Any alteration to a circuit which increases the flux (total mag... | Inductance | 0.811014 |
20,198 | In the third kind of fitness landscape, each dimension represents a different phenotypic trait. Under the assumptions of quantitative genetics, these phenotypic dimensions can be mapped onto genotypes. See the visualizations below for examples of phenotype to fitness landscapes. | Fitness landscape | 0.811014 |
20,199 | Gödel numbers, and similar numbers used to represent bit-strings in algorithmic information theory, are very large, even for mathematical statements of reasonable length. However, some pathological numbers are even larger than the Gödel numbers of typical mathematical propositions. Logician Harvey Friedman has done wor... | Large numbers | 0.811013 |
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