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20,300 | Peter E. Hodgson; Nuclear Reactions and Nuclear Structure. Oxford University Press (1971). Irving Kaplan; Nuclear physics, the Addison-Wesley Series in Nuclear Science & Engineering, Addison-Wesley (1956). 2nd edition (1962). | Nuclear structure | 0.810953 |
20,301 | The Hartree–Fock method is also used in atomic physics and condensed matter physics as Density Functional Theory, DFT. The process of solving the Hartree–Fock equations can only be iterative, since these are in fact a Schrödinger equation in which the potential depends on the density, that is, precisely on the wavefunc... | Nuclear structure | 0.810953 |
20,302 | First, he showed that the infinite sequence S of the squares 1, 4, 9, 16, ...contained as many elements as the sequence N of all positive integers (infinity); this is now referred to as Galileo's paradox. Then, using Greek style geometry, he showed a short line interval contained as many points as a longer interval. At... | Two New Sciences | 0.810949 |
20,303 | So great a contribution to physics was Two New Sciences that scholars have long maintained that the book anticipated Isaac Newton's laws of motion. Galileo ... is the father of modern physics—indeed of modern science Part of Two New Sciences was pure mathematics, as has been pointed out by the mathematician Alfréd Rény... | Two New Sciences | 0.810949 |
20,304 | Aristotelian physics argued that the Earth must not move as humans are unable to perceive the effects of this motion. A popular justification of this is the experiment of an archer shooting an arrow straight up into the air. If the Earth were moving, Aristotle argued, the arrow should fall in a different location than ... | Two New Sciences | 0.810949 |
20,305 | The discussion begins with a demonstration of the reasons that a large structure proportioned in exactly the same way as a smaller one must necessarily be weaker known as the square–cube law. Later in the discussion this principle is applied to the thickness required of the bones of a large animal, possibly the first q... | Two New Sciences | 0.810949 |
20,306 | The book is divided into four days, each addressing different areas of physics. Galileo dedicates Two New Sciences to Lord Count of Noailles. In the First Day, Galileo addressed topics that were discussed in Aristotle's Physics and also the Aristotelian school Mechanics. It also provides an introduction to the discussi... | Two New Sciences | 0.810949 |
20,307 | The Discourses and Mathematical Demonstrations Relating to Two New Sciences (Italian: Discorsi e dimostrazioni matematiche intorno a due nuove scienze pronounced ) published in 1638 was Galileo Galilei's final book and a scientific testament covering much of his work in physics over the preceding thirty years. It was w... | Two New Sciences | 0.810949 |
20,308 | One of Galileo's experiments regarding falling bodies was that describing the relativity of motions, explaining that, under the right circumstances, "one motion may be superimposed upon another without effect upon either...". In Two New Sciences, Galileo made his case for this argument and it would become the basis of ... | Two New Sciences | 0.810949 |
20,309 | Since I is strictly smaller than R, Zorn's lemma implies that there exists a maximal ideal M in R that contains I. The field K1=R/M has the property that every polynomial f λ {\displaystyle f_{\lambda }} with coefficients in K splits as the product of x − ( u λ , i + M ) , {\displaystyle x-(u_{\lambda ,i}+M),} and henc... | Separably closed field | 0.810949 |
20,310 | In mathematics, particularly abstract algebra, an algebraic closure of a field K is an algebraic extension of K that is algebraically closed. It is one of many closures in mathematics. Using Zorn's lemma or the weaker ultrafilter lemma, it can be shown that every field has an algebraic closure, and that the algebraic c... | Separably closed field | 0.810949 |
20,311 | Cements are authigenic minerals precipitated in the pores of clastic rocks. The composition and texture of these cements depends on the chemistry of the water in the pore, the surrounding mineralogy, and the temperature and pressure conditions during cementation. | Folk classification | 0.810947 |
20,312 | The Folk classification, in geology, is a technical descriptive classification of sedimentary rocks devised by Robert L. Folk, an influential sedimentary petrologist and Professor Emeritus at the University of Texas. | Folk classification | 0.810947 |
20,313 | All English stocks held at St Mary's Hospital, London were transferred to more secure facilities at Porton Down and then to the U.S. at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in Atlanta, Georgia in 1982, and all South African stocks were destroyed in 1983. By 1984, the only known stocks were kept at the C... | Smallpox vaccination | 0.810944 |
20,314 | It is a "chemistry aware" computer programming language with over 1,000 specific functions for analyzing and manipulating chemical structures and related molecular objects. SVL is a concise, high-level language whose programs are typically 10 times smaller than their equivalent when compared to C or Fortran. SVL source... | Scientific Vector Language | 0.81094 |
20,315 | In addition to highly conserved primer binding sites, 16S rRNA gene sequences contain hypervariable regions that can provide species-specific signature sequences useful for identification of bacteria. As a result, 16S rRNA gene sequencing has become prevalent in medical microbiology as a rapid and cheap alternative to ... | 16S rDNA | 0.810938 |
20,316 | EzBioCloud database, formerly known as EzTaxon, consists of a complete hierarchical taxonomic system containing 62,988 bacteria and archaea species/phylotypes which includes 15,290 valid published names as of September 2018. Based on the phylogenetic relationship such as maximum-likelihood and OrthoANI, all species/sub... | 16S rDNA | 0.810938 |
20,317 | Some thermophilic archaea (e.g. order Thermoproteales) contain 16S rRNA gene introns that are located in highly conserved regions and can impact the annealing of "universal" primers. Mitochondrial and chloroplastic rRNA are also amplified.The most common primer pair was devised by Weisburg et al. (1991) and is currentl... | 16S rDNA | 0.810937 |
20,318 | Given a model, likelihood intervals can be compared to confidence intervals. If θ is a single real parameter, then under certain conditions, a 14.65% likelihood interval (about 1:7 likelihood) for θ will be the same as a 95% confidence interval (19/20 coverage probability). In a slightly different formulation suited to... | Relative likelihood | 0.810937 |
20,319 | If θ is a single real parameter, a p% likelihood region will usually comprise an interval of real values. If the region does comprise an interval, then it is called a likelihood interval.Likelihood intervals, and more generally likelihood regions, are used for interval estimation within likelihood-based statistics ("li... | Relative likelihood | 0.810937 |
20,320 | In statistics, when selecting a statistical model for given data, the relative likelihood compares the relative plausibilities of different candidate models or of different values of a parameter of a single model. | Relative likelihood | 0.810937 |
20,321 | Geophysics is a highly interdisciplinary subject, and geophysicists contribute to every area of the Earth sciences and some geophysicists conduct research in the planetary sciences. To provide a clearer idea of what constitutes geophysics, this section describes phenomena that are studied in physics and how they relate... | Geophysics | 0.810934 |
20,322 | Geophysics emerged as a separate discipline only in the 19th century, from the intersection of physical geography, geology, astronomy, meteorology, and physics. The first known use of the word geophysics was in german („Geophysik”) by Julius Fröbel in 1834. However, many geophysical phenomena – such as the Earth's magn... | Geophysics | 0.810934 |
20,323 | Isaac Newton applied his theory of mechanics to the tides and the precession of the equinox; and instruments were developed to measure the Earth's shape, density and gravity field, as well as the components of the water cycle. In the 20th century, geophysical methods were developed for remote exploration of the solid E... | Geophysics | 0.810934 |
20,324 | However, modern geophysics organizations and pure scientists use a broader definition that includes the water cycle including snow and ice; fluid dynamics of the oceans and the atmosphere; electricity and magnetism in the ionosphere and magnetosphere and solar-terrestrial physics; and analogous problems associated with... | Geophysics | 0.810934 |
20,325 | Geophysics () is a subject of natural science concerned with the physical processes and physical properties of the Earth and its surrounding space environment, and the use of quantitative methods for their analysis. Geophysicists, who usually study geophysics, physics, or one of the earth sciences at the graduate level... | Geophysics | 0.810934 |
20,326 | Geophysical measurements are often recorded as time-series with GPS location. Signal processing involves the correction of time-series data for unwanted noise or errors introduced by the measurement platform, such as aircraft vibrations in gravity data. It also involves the reduction of sources of noise, such as diurna... | Geophysics | 0.810934 |
20,327 | An alternative, optical astronomy, combines astronomical coordinates and the local gravity vector to get geodetic coordinates. This method only provides the position in two coordinates and is more difficult to use than GPS. | Geophysics | 0.810934 |
20,328 | Geophysical measurements are generally at a particular time and place. Accurate measurements of position, along with earth deformation and gravity, are the province of geodesy. While geodesy and geophysics are separate fields, the two are so closely connected that many scientific organizations such as the American Geop... | Geophysics | 0.810934 |
20,329 | Exploration geophysics is applied geophysics that often uses remote sensing platforms such as; satellites, aircraft, ships, boats, rovers, drones, borehole sensing equipment, and seismic receivers. Most correction for data gathered using geophysical methods such as magnetic, gravimetry, electromagnetic, radiometric, ra... | Geophysics | 0.810934 |
20,330 | The main model for the radial structure of the interior of the Earth is the preliminary reference Earth model (PREM). Some parts of this model have been updated by recent findings in mineral physics (see post-perovskite) and supplemented by seismic tomography. The mantle is mainly composed of silicates, and the boundar... | Geophysics | 0.810934 |
20,331 | Evidence from seismology, heat flow at the surface, and mineral physics is combined with the Earth's mass and moment of inertia to infer models of the Earth's interior – its composition, density, temperature, pressure. For example, the Earth's mean specific gravity (5.515) is far higher than the typical specific gravit... | Geophysics | 0.810934 |
20,332 | Since geophysics is concerned with the shape of the Earth, and by extension the mapping of features around and in the planet, geophysical measurements include high accuracy GPS measurements. These measurements are processed to increase their accuracy through differential GPS processing. Once the geophysical measurement... | Geophysics | 0.810934 |
20,333 | Reflections recorded using Reflection Seismology can provide a wealth of information on the structure of the earth up to several kilometers deep and are used to increase our understanding of the geology as well as to explore for oil and gas. Changes in the travel direction, called refraction, can be used to infer the d... | Geophysics | 0.810934 |
20,334 | Satellites in space have made it possible to collect data from not only the visible light region, but in other areas of the electromagnetic spectrum. The planets can be characterized by their force fields: gravity and their magnetic fields, which are studied through geophysics and space physics. Measuring the changes i... | Geophysics | 0.810934 |
20,335 | The mantle itself is divided into the upper mantle, transition zone, lower mantle and D′′ layer. Between the crust and the mantle is the Mohorovičić discontinuity.The seismic model of the Earth does not by itself determine the composition of the layers. For a complete model of the Earth, mineral physics is needed to in... | Geophysics | 0.810934 |
20,336 | In genetics, an enhancer is a short (50–1500 bp) region of DNA that can be bound by proteins (activators) to increase the likelihood that transcription of a particular gene will occur. These proteins are usually referred to as transcription factors. Enhancers are cis-acting. | Nucleic acid regulatory sequence | 0.810934 |
20,337 | One theme of research in evolutionary developmental biology ("evo-devo") is investigating the role of enhancers and other cis-regulatory elements in producing morphological changes via developmental differences between species. | Nucleic acid regulatory sequence | 0.810934 |
20,338 | The measure NSPACE is used to define the complexity class whose solutions can be determined by a non-deterministic Turing machine. The complexity class NSPACE(f(n)) is the set of decision problems that can be solved by a non-deterministic Turing machine, M, using space O(f(n)), where n is the length of the input.Severa... | Nondeterministic space | 0.810932 |
20,339 | NSPACE is the non-deterministic counterpart of DSPACE, the class of memory space on a deterministic Turing machine. First by definition, then by Savitch's theorem, we have that: D S P A C E ⊆ N S P A C E ⊆ D S P A C E . {\displaystyle {\mathsf {DSPACE}}\subseteq {\mathsf {NSPACE}}\subseteq {\mathsf {DSPACE}}.} | Nondeterministic space | 0.810932 |
20,340 | NSPACE can also be used to determine the time complexity of a deterministic Turing machine by the following theorem: If a language L is decided in space S(n) (where S(n) ≥ log n) by a non-deterministic TM, then there exists a constant C such that L is decided in time O(CS(n)) by a deterministic one. | Nondeterministic space | 0.810932 |
20,341 | APhO has its origins in the International Physics Olympiad and is conducted according to similar statutes (One five-hour theoretical examination and one or two laboratory examinations). It is usually held about two months before the IPhO and can also be seen as additional training for the teams.Each national delegation... | Asian Physics Olympiad | 0.810932 |
20,342 | The Asian Physics Olympiad (APhO) is an annual physics competition for high school students from Asia and Oceania regions. It is one of the International Science Olympiads. It was initiated in the year of 2000 by Indonesia. The first APhO was hosted by Indonesia in 2000. | Asian Physics Olympiad | 0.810932 |
20,343 | This in turn leads to Boltzmann's H-theorem of 1872, which attempted to use kinetic theory to show that the entropy of a gas prepared in a state of less than complete disorder must inevitably increase, as the gas molecules are allowed to collide. This drew the objection from Loschmidt that it should not be possible to ... | Molecular chaos | 0.810931 |
20,344 | In the kinetic theory of gases in physics, the molecular chaos hypothesis (also called Stosszahlansatz in the writings of Paul Ehrenfest) is the assumption that the velocities of colliding particles are uncorrelated, and independent of position. This means the probability that a pair of particles with given velocities ... | Molecular chaos | 0.810931 |
20,345 | Additionally, the detection of individual discrete impacts is observed to be inherently probabilistic, which is inexplicable using classical mechanics.The experiment can be done with entities much larger than electrons and photons, although it becomes more difficult as size increases. The largest entities for which the... | Slit experiment | 0.810929 |
20,346 | In 1927, Davisson and Germer and, independently George Paget Thomson and Alexander Reid demonstrated that electrons show the same behavior, which was later extended to atoms and molecules. Thomas Young's experiment with light was part of classical physics long before the development of quantum mechanics and the concept... | Slit experiment | 0.810929 |
20,347 | In modern physics, the double-slit experiment demonstrates that light and matter can satisfy the seemingly-incongruous classical definitions for both waves and particles, which is considered evidence for the fundamentally probabilistic nature of quantum mechanics. This type of experiment was first performed by Thomas Y... | Slit experiment | 0.810929 |
20,348 | The Copenhagen interpretation is a collection of views about the meaning of quantum mechanics, stemming from the work of Niels Bohr, Werner Heisenberg, Max Born, and others. The term "Copenhagen interpretation" was apparently coined by Heisenberg during the 1950s to refer to ideas developed in the 1925–1927 period, glo... | Slit experiment | 0.810929 |
20,349 | Like the Schrödinger's cat thought experiment, the double-slit experiment is often used to highlight the differences and similarities between the various interpretations of quantum mechanics. | Slit experiment | 0.810929 |
20,350 | As an offshoot of the disciplines of astronomy and chemistry, the history of astrochemistry is founded upon the shared history of the two fields. The development of advanced observational and experimental spectroscopy has allowed for the detection of an ever-increasing array of molecules within solar systems and the su... | Astrochemistry | 0.810929 |
20,351 | This series, a special case of the more general Rydberg Formula developed by Johannes Rydberg in 1888, was created to describe the spectral lines observed for hydrogen. Rydberg's work expanded upon this formula by allowing for the calculation of spectral lines for multiple different chemical elements. The theoretical i... | Astrochemistry | 0.810929 |
20,352 | In trigonometry and mathematics in general, plane angles are conventionally measured counterclockwise, starting with 0° or 0 radians pointing directly to the right (or east), and 90° pointing straight up (or north). However, in navigation, compass headings increase clockwise around the compass face, starting with 0° at... | Clockwise | 0.810927 |
20,353 | Central results of classical model theory that fail for finite structures under finite model theory include the compactness theorem, Gödel's completeness theorem, and the method of ultraproducts for first-order logic (FO). While model theory has many applications to mathematical algebra, finite model theory became an "... | Finite model theory | 0.810925 |
20,354 | Finite model theory is a subarea of model theory. Model theory is the branch of logic which deals with the relation between a formal language (syntax) and its interpretations (semantics). Finite model theory is a restriction of model theory to interpretations on finite structures, which have a finite universe. Since ma... | Finite model theory | 0.810925 |
20,355 | In the presence of a linear order, first-order logic with a transitive closure operator yields NL, the problems solvable in nondeterministic logarithmic space. In the presence of a linear order, first-order logic with a least fixed point operator gives P, the problems solvable in deterministic polynomial time. On all f... | Finite model theory | 0.810925 |
20,356 | A substantial fragment of SQL (namely that which is effectively relational algebra) is based on first-order logic (more precisely can be translated in domain relational calculus by means of Codd's theorem), as the following example illustrates: Think of a database table "GIRLS" with the columns "FIRST_NAME" and "LAST_N... | Finite model theory | 0.810925 |
20,357 | Thus it all comes down to showing A ⊨ α ⇔ B ⊨ α {\displaystyle A\models \alpha \Leftrightarrow B\models \alpha } on the subsets FO. The main approach here is to use the algebraic characterization provided by Ehrenfeucht–Fraïssé games. Informally, these take a single partial isomorphism on A and B and extend it m times,... | Finite model theory | 0.810925 |
20,358 | By definition, a set containing an infinite structure falls outside the area that FMT deals with. Note that infinite structures can never be discriminated in FO, because of the Löwenheim–Skolem theorem, which implies that no first-order theory with an infinite model can have a unique model up to isomorphism. The most f... | Finite model theory | 0.810925 |
20,359 | In general terms, Lagrange's identity for any pair of functions u and v in function space C2 (that is, twice differentiable) in n dimensions is: where: and The operator L and its adjoint operator L* are given by: and If Lagrange's identity is integrated over a bounded region, then the divergence theorem can be used to ... | Lagrange's identity (boundary value problem) | 0.810924 |
20,360 | Any second order ordinary differential equation of the form: can be put in the form: This general form motivates introduction of the Sturm–Liouville operator L, defined as an operation upon a function f such that: It can be shown that for any u and v for which the various derivatives exist, Lagrange's identity for ordi... | Lagrange's identity (boundary value problem) | 0.810924 |
20,361 | In the study of ordinary differential equations and their associated boundary value problems, Lagrange's identity, named after Joseph Louis Lagrange, gives the boundary terms arising from integration by parts of a self-adjoint linear differential operator. Lagrange's identity is fundamental in Sturm–Liouville theory. I... | Lagrange's identity (boundary value problem) | 0.810924 |
20,362 | Spatial ability or visuo-spatial ability is the capacity to understand, reason, and remember the visual and spatial relations among objects or space.Visual-spatial abilities are used for everyday use from navigation, understanding or fixing equipment, understanding or estimating distance and measurement, and performing... | Spatial ability | 0.810917 |
20,363 | Chemists must be able to understand formulas which are essentially abstract models supposed to represent spatial dynamics of molecules, and thus spatial skills are important in visualizing the molecule models that are needed in the formulas. Spatial manipulation ability is also important in the field of structural geol... | Spatial ability | 0.810917 |
20,364 | For example, meaning of a digit in a multi-digit number is coded following spatial information given its relation to its position within the number. Another study found that numerical estimation might rely on integrating different visual-spatial cues (diameter, size, location, measurement) to infer an answer. A study p... | Spatial ability | 0.810917 |
20,365 | Studies have found that gifted students in math, for instance, perform better in spatial visualization than non-gifted students. A 2008 review published in the journal of Neuroscience Biobehavioural Reviews found evidence that visuo-spatial processing is intuitively involved in many aspects of processing numbers and ca... | Spatial ability | 0.810917 |
20,366 | In statistics, the binomial test is an exact test of the statistical significance of deviations from a theoretically expected distribution of observations into two categories using sample data. | Binomial test | 0.810917 |
20,367 | {\displaystyle b.} Producing the complementary relation to R {\displaystyle R} then corresponds to switching all 1s to 0s, and 0s to 1s for the logical matrix of the complement. Together with composition of relations and converse relations, complementary relations and the algebra of sets are the elementary operations o... | Set theoretic difference | 0.810917 |
20,368 | The software products are created to solve different problems and to make different analysis of the power engineering. Grounding grid analysis Power generation analysis Transmission line analysis Renewable energy analysis Distribution system analysis | Power engineering software | 0.810916 |
20,369 | The controllers of Renewable energy used different software. The digital controllers are different types: ADC, DAC, 4-bit, 8-bit, 16-bit, and many others. The controllers most of the time to this date are programmed with computer languages like:C,C++,Java and others. | Power engineering software | 0.810916 |
20,370 | This theorem states that if E/F is a finite field extension, and E is Pythagorean, then so is F. As a consequence, no algebraic number field is Pythagorean, since all such fields are finite over Q, which is not Pythagorean. | Pythagorean field | 0.810916 |
20,371 | A superpythagorean field F is a formally real field with the property that if S is a subgroup of index 2 in F∗ and does not contain −1, then S defines an ordering on F. An equivalent definition is that F is a formally real field in which the set of squares forms a fan. A superpythagorean field is necessarily Pythagorea... | Pythagorean field | 0.810916 |
20,372 | Pythagorean fields can be used to construct models for some of Hilbert's axioms for geometry (Iyanaga & Kawada 1980, 163 C). The coordinate geometry given by F n {\displaystyle F^{n}} for F {\displaystyle F} a Pythagorean field satisfies many of Hilbert's axioms, such as the incidence axioms, the congruence axioms and ... | Pythagorean field | 0.810916 |
20,373 | In algebra, a Pythagorean field is a field in which every sum of two squares is a square: equivalently it has Pythagoras number equal to 1. A Pythagorean extension of a field F {\displaystyle F} is an extension obtained by adjoining an element 1 + λ 2 {\displaystyle {\sqrt {1+\lambda ^{2}}}} for some λ {\displaystyle \... | Pythagorean field | 0.810916 |
20,374 | Piezoresponse force microscopy is a technique which since its inception and first implementation by Güthner and Dransfeld has steadily attracted more and more interest. This is due in large part to the many benefits and few drawbacks that PFM offers researchers in varying fields from ferroelectrics, semiconductors and ... | Piezoresponse force microscopy | 0.810912 |
20,375 | PFM has been successfully applied to a range of biological materials such as teeth, bone, lung, and single collagen fibrils. It has been hypothesized that the endogenous piezoelectricity in these materials may be relevant in their mechanobiology. For example, using PFM it has been shown that a single collagen fibril as... | Piezoresponse force microscopy | 0.810912 |
20,376 | Protein Complex Enrichment Analysis Tool is an online bioinformatics tool used to analyze high-throughput datasets (or small-scale datasets) using protein complex enrichment analysis. The tool uses a protein complex resource as the back end annotation data instead of conventional gene ontology- or pathway-based annotat... | COMPLEAT (Bioinformatics tool) | 0.810912 |
20,377 | The relative strengths of these flux transport processes also determine the "memory" of the solar cycle that plays an important role in physics-based predictions of the solar cycle. Yeates, Nandy and Mackay (2008) and Karak and Nandy (2012), in particular, utilized stochastically forced non-linear solar dynamo simulati... | Solar Cycle | 0.81091 |
20,378 | Solar cycle 25 began in December 2019. Several predictions have been made for solar cycle 25 based on different methods, ranging from very weak to strong magnitude. A physics-based prediction relying on the data-driven solar dynamo and solar surface flux transport models by Bhowmik and Nandy (2018) seems to have predic... | Solar Cycle | 0.81091 |
20,379 | In number theory, a perfect totient number is an integer that is equal to the sum of its iterated totients. That is, one applies the totient function to a number n, apply it again to the resulting totient, and so on, until the number 1 is reached, and adds together the resulting sequence of numbers; if the sum equals n... | Perfect totient number | 0.810906 |
20,380 | Research Synthesis Methods is a peer-reviewed multidisciplinary scientific journal covering all aspects of research methods as they have been applied to research synthesis. It was established in 2010 and is published by John Wiley & Sons on behalf of the Society for Research Synthesis Methodology, of which it is the of... | Research Synthesis Methods | 0.810906 |
20,381 | Machine learning is also used in web feeds such as for determining which posts should show up in social media feeds. Various types of social media analysis also make use of machine learning and there is research into its use for (semi-)automated tagging/enhancement/correction of online misinformation and related filter... | Applications of artificial intelligence | 0.810905 |
20,382 | Deep-fakes can be used for comedic purposes but are better known for fake news and hoaxes. In January 2016, the Horizon 2020 program financed the InVID Project to help journalists and researchers detect fake documents, made available as browser plugins.In June 2016, the visual computing group of the Technical Universit... | Applications of artificial intelligence | 0.810905 |
20,383 | AI researchers have created many tools to solve the most difficult problems in computer science. Many of their inventions have been adopted by mainstream computer science and are no longer considered AI. All of the following were originally developed in AI laboratories: Time sharing Interactive interpreters Graphical u... | Applications of artificial intelligence | 0.810905 |
20,384 | A deep learning system was reported to learn intuitive physics from visual data (of virtual 3D environments) based on an unpublished approach inspired by studies of visual cognition in infants. Other researchers have developed a machine learning algorithm that could discover sets of basic variables of various physical ... | Applications of artificial intelligence | 0.810905 |
20,385 | The system allowed regular workers to communicate with the system and avoid mistakes, miscalculations, or having to speak to one of the specialized workers. Speech recognition allows traffic controllers to give verbal directions to drones. Artificial intelligence supported design of aircraft, or AIDA, is used to help d... | Applications of artificial intelligence | 0.810905 |
20,386 | Power electronics converters are used in renewable energy, energy storage, electric vehicles and high-voltage direct current transmission. These converters are failure-prone, which can interrupt service and require costly maintenance or catastrophic consequences in mission critical applications. AI can guide the design... | Applications of artificial intelligence | 0.810905 |
20,387 | Online lender Upstart uses machine learning for underwriting.ZestFinance's Zest Automated Machine Learning (ZAML) platform is used for credit underwriting. This platform uses machine learning to analyze data including purchase transactions and how a customer fills out a form to score borrowers. The platform is particul... | Applications of artificial intelligence | 0.810905 |
20,388 | Oil and gas companies have used artificial intelligence tools to automate functions, foresee equipment issues, and increase oil and gas output. | Applications of artificial intelligence | 0.810905 |
20,389 | Millions of its articles have been edited by bots which however are usually not artificial intelligence software. Many AI platforms use Wikipedia data, mainly for training machine learning applications. There is research and development of various artificial intelligence applications for Wikipedia such as for identifyi... | Applications of artificial intelligence | 0.810905 |
20,390 | Many telecommunications companies make use of heuristic search to manage their workforces. For example, BT Group deployed heuristic search in an application that schedules 20,000 engineers. Machine learning is also used for speech recognition (SR), including of voice-controlled devices, and SR-related transcription, in... | Applications of artificial intelligence | 0.810905 |
20,391 | Machine learning has been used for noise-cancelling in quantum technology, including quantum sensors. Moreover, there is substantial research and development of using quantum computers with machine learning algorithms. For example, there is a prototype, photonic, quantum memristive device for neuromorphic (quantum-)com... | Applications of artificial intelligence | 0.810905 |
20,392 | It can also be used for "drug discovery and development, drug repurposing, improving pharmaceutical productivity, and clinical trials". It has been used for the design of proteins with prespecified functional sites.It has been used with databases for the development of a 46-day process to design, synthesize and test a ... | Applications of artificial intelligence | 0.810905 |
20,393 | Machine learning has been used for drug design. It has also been used for predicting molecular properties and exploring large chemical/reaction spaces. Computer-planned syntheses via computational reaction networks, described as a platform that combines "computational synthesis with AI algorithms to predict molecular p... | Applications of artificial intelligence | 0.810905 |
20,394 | Machine learning can help to restore and attribute ancient texts. It can help to index texts for example to enable better and easier searching and classification of fragments. Artificial intelligence can also be used to investigate genomes to uncover genetic history, such as interbreeding between archaic and modern hum... | Applications of artificial intelligence | 0.810905 |
20,395 | The earliest conception of PeptideAtlas began at the Institute for Systems Biology in the research lab of Ruedi Aebersold by Eric Deutsch and Sharon Chen at the Annotated Peptide Database (APD). The concept was further expanded with additional efforts from Parag Mallick and Frank Desiere. The first instance for an ense... | PeptideAtlas | 0.810905 |
20,396 | PeptideAtlas is still maintained and developed at the Institute for Systems Biology in the research lab of Robert Moritz, led by Eric Deutsch, and with significant efforts by Zhi Sun and Dave Campbell. | PeptideAtlas | 0.810905 |
20,397 | In artificial intelligence, apprenticeship learning (or learning from demonstration or imitation learning) is the process of learning by observing an expert. It can be viewed as a form of supervised learning, where the training dataset consists of task executions by a demonstration teacher. | Apprenticeship learning | 0.810903 |
20,398 | The scenario can be modeled as a "cooperative inverse reinforcement learning game", where a "person" player and a "robot" player cooperate to secure the person's implicit goals, despite these goals not being explicitly known by either the person nor the robot.In 2017, OpenAI and DeepMind applied deep learning to the co... | Apprenticeship learning | 0.810903 |
20,399 | But that is not how the system works internally; it is only what the audience can observe. In reality, Learning from demonstration is much more complex. One of the first works on learning by robot apprentices (anthropomorphic robots learning by imitation) was Adrian Stoica's PhD thesis in 1995.In 1997, robotics expert ... | Apprenticeship learning | 0.810903 |
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