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Ohio is welcoming a growing number of Puerto Ricans fleeing the destruction of Hurricane Maria. This influx of new local citizens — particularly young ones — puts immense pressure on the state’s public school districts to ensure that they’re more meticulous than ever in tracking the number of enrolled students.
Three months after its initial impact, much of Puerto Rico is still reeling from the devastation left by Hurricane Maria. Hundreds of thousands of Puerto Ricans have left the island since late September — most heading for the United States — and experts believe that as many as 300,000 more are likely to depart over the next two years.
As conditions worsen, families are hoping that a move to the mainland won’t disrupt their children’s ongoing education. As of December 5th, 1,075 of Puerto Rico’s nearly 1,200 schools had reopened, but many of them were operating in conditions that would be considered unacceptable under normal circumstances. According to the island’s Secretary of Education Julia Keleher, schools have been allowed to reopen as long as they can provide students with potable water. Mold, extensive water damage, and even a lack of power don’t immediately disqualify schools from holding classes — indeed, only 38 schools have been permanently closed due to structural damage.
However. this devastation pushed enrollment in Puerto Rico’s K-12 system down from around 350,000 students before the storm to 331,000 students as of early December, though Keleher cautions that the latter figure is still difficult to determine with any sort of precision.
Growing Enrollment in Many Ohio School Districts
Of the roughly 20,000 students who have left Puerto Rico, as many as 14,000 have sought refuge within the continental U.S. Florida, Pennsylvania, Texas, New York, and New Jersey have welcomed the highest number of new residents, but Ohio has seen an influx of Puerto Ricans as well — and the state’s public school administrators are scrambling to accommodate the surge in attendance.
The Cleveland Metropolitan School District has enrolled the most new Puerto Rican students this school year. Jose Gonzalez, Head of the district’s Multicultural Multilingual Office, says that nearly 200 families have already come to him for help. “[We’re] about to receive a huge influx of English Language Learners from Puerto Rico, more than ever,” Gonzalez reports. School districts in Youngstown, Columbus, Toledo, and Dayton are all reporting smaller — though still significant — numbers of new enrollees.
But as both Gonzalez and State Representative Dan Ramos caution, helping students overcome their limited English proficiency (LEP) isn’t the only challenge educators will face in the months and years to come. In addition to English language classes, Ramos explains, “They’re going to need…other kinds of help. I remember the stories my Dad told about when he came in the 1950s and, never having seen winter before, never owned a coat.” Gonzalez reminds educators that living through a major natural disaster and moving to a brand new place creates a great deal of emotional baggage that will take patience to work through.
The Importance of Accurate EMIS Reporting
With Ohio public schools already operating on a tight budget, it’s going to be difficult to provide each and every new student with the educational resources and support they need to succeed. That’s why it’s absolutely essential for school districts to ensure that their Education Management Information System (EMIS) records are as complete and accurate as possible.
In order to secure all of funding to which it’s legally entitled, a school district must be able to guarantee that its enrollment data is accurate at all times. This is where a tool like Vinson’s CheckPoint EMIS platform is incredibly valuable. CheckPoint processes and organizes massive quantities of EMIS data in a fraction of the time it would take a superintendent or district treasurer to do by hand. This makes it easy to closely track both the cohort of students who rely on support from LEP programs and a district’s enrollment data.
Better data reporting won’t help Puerto Rican students recover from the hurricane on its own, but it’s a critical intermediary step to help public schools secure enough resources to adequately educate new Ohio students in this time of great need. | <urn:uuid:cbb28f94-7d12-498d-b749-38dda0bdb795> | CC-MAIN-2018-26 | http://vinson-consulting.com/blog/hurricane-creates-influx-of-new-residents-in-northern-ohio-putting-pressure-on-lep-programs/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-26/segments/1529267864546.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20180622143142-20180622163142-00411.warc.gz | en | 0.964945 | 894 | 2.578125 | 3 |
The Netherlands and the SDGs: A better world starts with yourself
In 2015, the member states of the United Nations committed themselves to the ambitious Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Unlike their predecessors, the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), the SDGs recognise the importance of equality within and between countries, of decision-making processes in which all people are included and heard, and of legal systems that are independent and accessible to all.
The SDGs are very clear on the importance of change in all countries of the world. They present an ambitious set of targets in which every country has a role to play. Unlike the MDGs, which largely reflected the traditional development agenda, the SDGs also affect the Netherlands: not only what we do in our own country, but also how our choices affect people and the environment outside our borders. The SDGs are about the broad foreign policy agenda and therefore serve as guiding principles for ministers in a large number of areas, including agriculture, finance, foreign trade and infrastructure & water.
The SDGs are – in theory – universal, but to put this principle into practice, all foreign policy will have to be examined analytically, creatively, and with an open mind. We cannot cherry-pick the goals that suit us best. We can no longer focus on those goals on which we score the highest but which do not require any great changes in our own actions. It is important to identify, with the SDGs in mind, policy fields in which the Netherlands can have a relatively large influence and where we have a substantial impact – negative as well as positive – on people and the environment worldwide.
The SDGs that directly affect the work of Both ENDS' partners in the South, and on which the Netherlands undoubtedly has a great influence, are SDG 5 (gender equality), SDG 13 (climate action), SDG 14 (life below water), SDG 15 (life on land) and SDG 17 (international cooperation).
Gender equality: give women influence (SDG 5)
Gender equality stands or falls with the influence that women have on their own lives. Too often, decisions are made for, but not by, women: about the land they farm, the water sources they depend on, or the coastal areas where they fish. Both ENDS supports women in the South whose environmental rights are violated and brings women's and environmental groups together.
Tax evasion and international trade agreements also mean that governments do not give sectors that are important to women – regional infrastructure, education, health care and security – the attention and resources they deserve. International financial mechanisms like the Green Climate Fund have been set up in such a way that women hardly have access to funding, while facilities exist that do ensure that funds find their way directly to women's groups. Both ENDS challenges the Dutch government to review its policies on trade and taxation, to identify their impact on women and, where necessary, change them.
Climate action: climate adaptation and sustainable funding (SDG 13)
Climate change is going to impact on everybody, but its effects will be felt most by those in the South who have contributed to it the least and who have the least resources to protect themselves against it. Both ENDS supports the climate adaptation efforts of communities in the South. The Netherlands is a major polluter, and can make a difference by introducing a number of real changes. Both ENDS therefore calls on the Dutch government to speed up the phasing out of its public financial support for the fossil fuel sector. We ask large investors like ABP to stop investing in the fossil sector. At the same time, we are working with partners around the world to make climate funding accessible for local actors.
Life below water: healthy coasts and seas (SDG 14)
Coastal areas and oceans are of crucial importance to people who make a living from fishing. Many people living in coastal areas are vulnerable to the effects of climate change. Vital ecosystems, both on the coast and below water, are of great importance for the well-being of people all over the world.
Partly through our world-renowned dredging sector and the Port of Rotterdam, the Netherlands has a substantial impact on SDG 14. Both ENDS is working with local organisations to help ensure that Dutch involvement in coastal development in, for example, Brazil and Indonesia is sustainable.
Life on land: sustainable land use (SDG 15)
The Netherlands' environmental footprint is larger than average and can be expected to grow even more. The Dutch economy is so strong because we divert our environmental costs to other countries. A recent study shows that our agricultural sector is the main culprit in this respect.
Both ENDS is actively promoting efforts to make the production of palm oil and soy sustainable, and is working with a large network of Southern partners on alternatives to ensure sustainable land use and the restoration of degraded land.
International cooperation: freedom, fair trade and public finance (SDG 17)
All countries, their governments, businesses, civil society organisations and citizens will have to work together to achieve the SDGs. That means that citizens and civil society organisations must be able to operate in freedom and safety. Yet, throughout the world, the space for them to do that is shrinking. Both ENDS is working in two partnerships with a large group of organisations at home and abroad to defend that space: the Fair Green and Global Alliance and the Global Alliance for Green and Gender Action.
International cooperation also refers to international trade and sharing prosperity fairly. SDG 17 is not only a call for more money for development cooperation, in line with international agreements, but also to look critically at the role the Netherlands plays in upholding an international trade system built on unequal relations between countries, citizens and businesses. SDG 17 asks the Netherlands to take its responsibility to combat tax evasion. And it inspires us to take a close look at the way in which our development funds can best be deployed to benefit people and the environment worldwide.
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Rich Forests promotes a sustainable and future-proof production system and supports, among other things, the transformation of degraded land into food forests. With this, people provide for their livelihood, increase their income and at the same time restore soil and biodiversity.
Small grants funds offer an effective, alternative way to channel big money from large donors and funds to local groups and organisations that are striving for a sustainable and just society everywhere around the world.
Local organisations and groups must be given access to climate finance from the Green Climate Fund. They know exactly what is happening in their local context and what is required for climate adaptation.
News / 15 November 2018
On Wednesday, November 14, Dutch Newspaper De Volkskrant published a joint op-ed by Both ENDS, Hivos, Greenpeace Netherlands and Witness about the deforestation in the Amazon region which is still going on rapidly, having disastrous consequences for the indigenous people who live in the area, for biodiversity and for the climate. The Netherlands is one of the largest buyers of Brazilian agricultural products such as soy and beef, and should ensure that deforestation, land grabbing and human rights violations do not occur in these production chains. Unfortunately, this is not at all the case yet.
News / 7 October 2018
We are very proud that our director Daniëlle Hirsch has been included again in the ‘Sustainable 100’ (an annual ranking list published by Dutch newspaper Trouw), and has gone up more than 40 spots compared to last year! Danielle was included in the list because of the many things she does with her organisation as a whole, but she got the higher ranking for the way she combines her criticism of the destructive role of the Netherlands as a trading nation and large cause of CO2 emissions in the world (often supported by the Dutch government), with a constructive attitude when it comes to finding alternatives and solutions.
Event / 26 June 2018, 11:00 - 15:00
Both ENDS is co-organising a double panel discussion 'Delta Dynamics: Dutch Masterplans and the SDGs' on June 26th. This is part of the conference 'Critical Perspectives on Governance by Sustainable Development Goals: Water, Food and Climate (25-26 June 2018)' organized by the Centre for Sustainable Development Studies at the University of Amsterdam. At the sessions Both ENDS' partners from Jakarta and Manila will be presenting.
Publication / 18 June 2018
External link / 22 May 2018
On Friday, the long awaited policy note by Dutch Minister for Foreign Trade and Development Cooperation Sigrid Kaag was published. We searched for the spirit underlying it: What trends does this minister consolidate and deepen? What is new? On what issues is the paper silent and what do those silences tell us? Both ENDS' director Danielle Hirsch published her reflection on the policy note on the website of Vice Versa (in Dutch).
News / 22 October 2017
More than six months after the Dutch elections took place, a long period of debates, negotiations and incertainty has finally come to an end. The new coalition of center-rightwing parties was sworn in last Thursday the 26th of October. Having Sigrid Kaag of the liberal-democratic party D66 as the new Minister for Foreign Trade and Development Cooperation in the third Rutte government (Rutte III), we can look forward to where the opportunities lie in the new coalition’s plans to make the world fairer and more sustainable. The Coalition Agreement, which tries to build a bridge between the political centre and the centre-right, is a smart piece of work in terms of reaching compromises. In the current international climate of societies progressively growing apart, that is a striking achievement.
News / 28 September 2017
This September, Both ENDS participated at the 13th Conference of the Parties of the UNCCD in Ordos, Inner Mongolia in China. We were part of the Drynet delegation, a network of CSOs, to bring local realities to the international UNCCD discussions.
Blog / 25 September 2017
Access to, ownership and control over land is inherently part of a successful implementation of land degradation neutrality (LDN) and sustainable land management. Sustainability often means investing for the long term, and insecurity withholds land users to do so. In particular women's land use rights are fundamental as they are the ones working on the land and thus putting LDN into practice.
Publication / 1 September 2017
Publication / 1 September 2017
Publication / 15 August 2017
Event / 7 November 2016
From 7 to 18 november, the Climate Change COP22 will take place in Marrakech, Morrocco. This '22nd Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)' as it is called officially, is the annual meeting of the 195 countries which have signed and ratified the convention. | <urn:uuid:60c619a3-1fe6-46f3-adae-fa9e166b9f60> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bothends.org/en/Our-work/Themes/Human-rights-and-gender/The-Netherlands-and-the-SDGs-A-better-world-starts-with-yourself?template=print | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571153.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810100712-20220810130712-00705.warc.gz | en | 0.953185 | 2,255 | 3.203125 | 3 |
When it comes to what 5G can do for healthcare, sometimes imagination and innovation aren't quite as far apart. The benefits bestowed by speed make it possible to overcome many barriers to providing quality healthcare; however, there is going to be struggle along with success.
“We need an underlying network that can power the speed of connection with the breadth of data,” said Robin Braun, Global Storage CIO for Healthcare at Dell EMC. “5G promises to provide that infrastructure and push smart devices and decisions from core to the edge, creating secure, smarter data streams, and enabling greater personalization.”
As more healthcare agencies adopt new technologies, the potential of 5G expands healthcare's capabilities. For telehealth, the faster connection means high-quality video enabling patients and care providers to connect more quickly and clearly. To do so, this means there must be 5G network coverage both in urban environments and rural areas where patients might live.
The ever-expanding area of the internet of medical things (IoMT) is also impacted by the introduction of 5G. Remote monitoring through various wearables and devices means that clinicians can keep an eye on a patients’ vital signs, medication adherence, and other information that can be valuable for patient care.
Here, the problem lies with the capacity of the network to handle the data. A faster 5G network will ensure a more reliable connection for the data transfers that workers need to make expedient health care decisions regarding a remotely located client.
5G is also critical for transmitting large medical images, facilitate faster downloads, and possibly make way for imaging devices like Xrays and MRIs to work through wifi. The network can also play a support role in augmented and virtual reality tools for medical training purposes.
The potential for robotic surgery has generated optimism about 5G’s role in the future. It’s a way to remove distance from the equation for patients and their physicians. In fact, the first operation of its kind took place in China when a surgeon in the city of Sanya surgically implanted a stimulation device in the brain of a Parkinson’s patient almost 1,900 miles away in Beijing.
Perhaps one of the most significant hurdles beyond full network coverage is the devices used every day. Most importantly, 4G phones are not compatible with the 5G network, and unclear advertising about the network's capabilities means that hospitals need to inform themselves and assess the existing infrastructure before making decisions about implementing 5G-reliant technology.
Making the transition to 5G is “not a light switch” explains Craig Richardville, SVP and CIO of SCL Health in Denver. “It needs to be done in a methodical way. That includes upgrading technology and applications to either speak 5G or disabling the [legacy] technology piece by piece.” | <urn:uuid:bdc173e5-1569-455b-b59b-52ac895e0c21> | CC-MAIN-2021-17 | https://thehealthcaretechnologyreport.com/5gs-tremendous-healthcare-impact-across-the-world/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-17/segments/1618038065492.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20210411204008-20210411234008-00101.warc.gz | en | 0.948342 | 582 | 2.78125 | 3 |
Yunnan Province Travel Guide
Provincial capital: Kunming
Population: 44 millions
Geological location: Yunnan is the most southwestern province in China, with the Tropic of Cancer running through its southern part. The province has an area of 394,000 sq km, 4.1% of the nation's total. The province borders Guangxi and Guizhou in the east, Sichuan in the north, and Tibet in the northwest. It shares a border of 4,060 km with Myanmar in the west, Laos in the south, and Vietnam in the southeast.
Climate: An unusual combination of low latitude and high elevation means that Yunnan enjoys long sunshine hours and a varied, but mild, climate. In this province, areas with an elevation of between 1500-2000 meters are like spring all year round. In areas less than 1300m above sea level, it is relatively hot, while in highlands 2000m above sea level, it is cool all year round.
Generally speaking, the province enjoys a climate characterized with a fairly even spread of annual temperatures of between 10 and 12 degrees . Rainfall is abundant in the area and falls mainly in May and October each year. The weather varies greatly in line with the elevation, hence the frigid, temperate and torrid zones within the province.
Tourism resources: Yunnan Province, due to its beautiful landscapes, mild climate and colorful ethnic minorities, is one of China's major tourist destinations. Most visitors are Chinese tourists, although trips to Yunnan are organized by an increasing number of foreign travel agencies as well. Mainland tourists travel by the masses; 2.75 million Chinese visited Yunnan last October during National Holiday. Also a different trend is slowly developing; small scale and environmentally friendly ecotourism. At the moment projects in this field are often being set up with help of NGO's.
In 2004, tourism revenues amounted to 37 billion RMB, and thus accounting for 12, 6% of the provincial GDP. Another fact indicating the importance of tourism in Yunnan Province is capital Kunming hosting the China International Travel Mart every two years. This tourism trade fair is the largest of its kind in Asia and serves as an important platform for professionals in the sector. More than 80 countries and regions were present during the 2005 edition.
Tourist centres in Yunnan include:
• Dali, the historic center of the Nanzhao and Dali kingdoms.
• Chuxiong, the first stop on the way to Dali and Lijiang. Home of the Yi ethnic minority and their respective ancient town.
• Jinghong, the center and prefectural capital of the Xishuangbanna Dai minority autonomous prefecture.
• Lijiang, a Naxi minority city. It has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1997.
• Shangri-La County (formerly Zhongdian), an ethnic Tibetan township and county set high in Yunnan's north-western mountains.
• The Stone Forest, a series of karst outcrops east of Kunming.
• Yuanyang, a Hani minority settlement with vast rice-terraces.
By Air: Although generally speaking Yunnan Province is in a mountainous region, it still boasts modern air traffic facilities. Kunming, the provincial capital, is the transportation hub of the province, with direct flights to and from major cities, such as Shanghai (2 and a half hours), Beijing (3 hours), Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Zhuhai (all around 1 and a half hours), Chengdu (1 hour), Haikou (2 hours) and Hong Kong (2 hours).
Dali, Xishuangbanna, and Lijiang all have air connections with cities in other provinces. There are also flights available within the province.
For those traveling to or from southeast Asia, there are numerous flights from Bangkok, Rangoon, Kuala Lumpur and Singapore to Yunnan.
By Train: Apart from by air, Yunnan is also easily accessible by train. The biggest train terminal here is Kunming. There are trains to and from Chengdu, Guiyang or Nanning and on to various cities throughout the country. There is also an international train for Vietnam.
Within Yunnan, some of the tourist destinations are also linked by railway, for instance, Dali and the Stone forest are both reachable by train.
By Bus: Within the province itself, the best way to travel to all destinations is by bus. Yunnan has a well established public transportation system. Some express buses are also available linking the major tourist destinations such as Dali, Lijiang, and Shangri-La. | <urn:uuid:9948a0c2-a2bd-4963-94d8-4421cdb04b02> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://chinatourmap.com/maps/yunnan.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00046-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.939221 | 964 | 2.984375 | 3 |
Evolution of DNA methylation in animals, plants, and fungi
This week, I will try to explain what DNA methylation is and some of the reasons why it's important, before discussing this week's paper on how DNA methylation has evolved.
The paper is "Genome-Wide Evolutionary Analysis of Eukaryotic DNA Methylation", published in Science by Assaf Zemach and others from the lab of Daniel Zilberman.
DNA methylation usually refers to the attachment of a methyl (CH3) group to a cytosine, one of four DNA bases (C, in DNA's A,T,C,G alphabet). Here's a link showing one way cytidine can get methylated. And this Wikipedia article shows cytosine in place in double-stranded RNA. (DNA would be similar, but with T instead of U.)
The functions of DNA methylation mostly come from the reduced transcription of RNA from methylated stretches of DNA. Surprisingly, when a new DNA copy is made (e.g., when one of our cells divide), methylation patterns are generally copied, too. Together, these two facts explain many of DNA methylation's functions.
First, DNA methylation is key to imprinting, whereby genes inherited from one parent are often shut down, perhaps for life, by methylation. Imprinting often reflects an unconscious battle between male and female parents over whether to maximize growth of this particular offspring, whatever the consequences for the mother's future survival and reproduction, or take or more long-term view. Earlier, I discussed the possible role of imprinting in mental illness.
Second, DNA methylation is important in phenotypic plasticity, whereby individuals with the same genotype may develop different phenotypes in different environments. For example, DNA in embryos developing in mothers on low-protein diets gets methylated differently, with life-long consequences for regulation of blood glucose. In effect, individuals born to poorly nourished mothers develop phenotypes appropriate for starvation conditions.
This role for DNA methylation was presumably inherited from mouse-like ancestors with shorter lives than ours, so that the mother's nutritional environment was likely to be fairly similar to that experienced by her offspring. But humans typically reproduce twenty years or more later than their mother did, perhaps in a very different nutritional environment. If food is much more available later in life than it was for our mothers during pregnancy, we may have methylation patterns that make us more prone to become obese or develop diabetes.
Third, DNA methylation is widely used to shut down transposable elements (TEs), sections of unusually selfish "junk DNA" -- not all nonprotein-coding DNA is junk -- which, left unchecked, would make even more copies of themselves, throughout the genome, than they have already.
But how has DNA methylation changed over the course of evolution? That is the topic of this week's paper. The authors measured DNA methylation throughout the genomes of 17 species, including plants, fungi, and animals, as well as the effects of this methylation on transcription of affected regions into RNA.
There were some remarkable differences among species. Consider CG methylation. This refers to methylation of C when it's next to G, as opposed to just paired with G in the opposite DNA strand, which would be true for almost all C. (Sometimes this type of methylation is referred to as CpG, with the p indicating the phosphate connecting the two bases along the DNA strand.) Selagninella, an "early-diverging" plant, had very low levels of CG methylation throughout the protein-coding region of most genes. Rice, in contrast, had low CG methylation in the promoter region of most genes, but high CG methylation through most of the protein-coding section.
What about the common ancestor of these plants? In other words, was methylation of protein-coding regions gained at some point along the rice branch, or lost at some point along the Selagninella branch? Plants are descended from algae, so they looked at two algae as well. They show data for Chlorella, whose CG methylation is even more enthusiastic than rice, with significant (but less) methylation even in the promoter regions. They also found lots of methylation of transposable elements (TEs, transposons) in the algae and concluded that "methylation of both gene bodies and TEs thus appears to be an ancient property of plants."
More generally, they concluded that:
"Our data indicate that gene body methylation is basal, predating the divergence of plants and animals around 1.6 billion years ago (fig. S1), whereas the antitransposon function probably evolved independently in the vertebrate and plant lineages."
I expect we will be hearing much more about the evolution of DNA methylation and its implications. | <urn:uuid:1d840de0-bf09-45fb-8970-a385c10ceb69> | CC-MAIN-2013-48 | http://blog.lib.umn.edu/denis036/thisweekinevolution/2010/05/evolution_of_dna_methylation_i.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-48/segments/1386164036653/warc/CC-MAIN-20131204133356-00036-ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.959819 | 1,005 | 3.359375 | 3 |
The main activities of numerous businesses are centered around projects. Organizations exist to obtain new projects and ensure their effective execution. As Rumane, (2017) expressed, effectively executed projects are the basis on which businesses shape their future. Whether they are related to the manufacturing of new products, the development of infrastructures, the expansion of production limits, or the introduction of another computer framework, project management is vital for the viable coordination and the management of the business, guaranteeing that the right measures are used at the right time with a complete comprehension of the outcomes.
As indicated by Larsen, Shen, Lindhard, and Brunoe, (2015), the concept of project management incorporates the capacity to accomplish objectives within the established limited resources including budget, labor, material, and different resources. Nevertheless, in many organizations, projects are not executed easily. As per an investigation by Abas, et al. (2015), Gartner, a world-acclaimed analytical organization, revealed that around 66 percent of large-scale projects are not able to achieve their stated business objectives and are finished late, or essentially exceed the spending limit. In this way, quality is one of the principal aspects of the success of construction projects. The quality management of construction projects, along with the success of the projects, may be considered the primary objective of the project members. Basu, (2015) showed that one of the key elements of project management is quality management of the project. Quality is a necessary set of attributes of an object identified with its capacity to achieve foreseen or established needs.
To what extent is Total Quality Management used in Construction Projects?
This research aims to understand to what extent is Total Quality Management used in construction projects. To achieve this aim, the researcher has established the following objectives:
To explore the concept of Total Quality Management.
To analyze Total Quality Management and determine the characteristics of Total Quality Management practice in project management.
To analyze construction projects to identify the Total Quality Management in use in the construction industry.
To determine the theoretical extent to which TQM is used in construction projects.
To test the theoretical answer empirically using a survey of project managers.
To present, analyze and discuss the results from the theoretical answer (5) and empirical data to provide a conclusive answer.
To recommend areas of further research in Total Quality Management.
Researchers, especially in recent years, have been devoted to the problems of improving the quality of project management of an enterprise, its harmonization with the quality standards used at the enterprise, preparing the enterprise, its departments, and employees for certification according to the international standard for project management (Small, Bakry, and Ayyash, 2019). However, to understand project quality management, it is necessary to first understand the concept of quality.
Quality is an essential and multidimensional aspect of a product. The significance of every feature may fluctuate with the situation and after some time, as individuals can change their views and update their positions regarding an object (Neyestani, and Juanzon, 2016). In this manner, the concept of quality cannot be considered absolute. However, it relies upon the evaluator's point of view. As indicated by an investigation by Rumane, (2017), quality is a mind-boggling idea since it has various implications for various individuals. In this manner construction project quality is a set of attributes to be achieved, in a specific way, with the goal that the construction project addresses the client's needs, and for this to occur, the project manager must have a definite and clear purpose.
As indicated by PMBoK, quality management of projects incorporates the procedures important to guarantee that the project addresses the client’s needs for which it was shaped (Larsen, Shen, Lindhard, and Brunoe, 2015). The fundamental practices of quality management are:
Quality planning: It involves recognizing the applicable quality guidelines for the project and deciding how to satisfy those guidelines;
Quality assurance: It involves regular appraisal of general project performance to construct trust in the project’s achievement in achieving pertinent quality guidelines;
Quality control: It involves monitoring project-specific outcomes to decide if these outcomes fulfill pertinent quality guidelines, and distinguishing approaches to eradicate the reasons for poor project performance.
The essential methodology utilized in the quality management of projects portrayed by PMBoK ought to be consistent with that utilized by the International Standardisation Organisation (ISO). ISO 9000 is a worldwide quality standard that applies quality management procedures to create products that meet the desires of its clients (Basu, 2015). This quality standard was made on the foundation that if the project management is of good quality, then the subsequent product or service created through that project management will likewise be of good quality. A quality project as per ISO 9000 will guarantee that its development procedure has a level of discipline, control, and repeatability, guaranteeing the quality of its outcomes (Basu, 2015).
Construction is a multifaceted process, including many organizations for the implementation of a single project; however, contractors, consultants, and clients are critical to the success of any project. According to Small, Bakry, and Ayyash, (2019), today, a part of construction companies understands that the way of thinking and designing the project has a fundamental impact on obtaining the quality of a building. The success of any project directly depends on quality. Managing quality requires managing resources, personnel, and, of course, the quality of projects. Hence, quality control is very important in achieving acceptable construction performance.
According to a study by Larsen, Shen, Lindhard, and Brunoe, (2015), Project Management is the application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to meet project requirements. The main difficulties a project manager faces in ensuring the quality of the project and meeting or exceeding expectations and balancing demands and conflicts. According to Rumane, (2017), management must have ensured that any new project or modifications to old include the preparation of a quality management plan integrated with the overall project plan, periodically reviewed and accepted by the team. This quality management plan should include quality planning in each phase of the construction project.
According to a study by Larsen, Shen, Lindhard, and Brunoe, (2015), project quality planning is carried out to select those provisions of standards and norms that are appropriate and possible to apply to a particular project, as well as the activities and work necessary to ensure the requirements of these standards for the quality of results and project processes. Abas, et al. (2015) stated that quality planning is part of the project planning process as a whole, and its results should be reflected in the enterprise project management plan. The project quality plan determines how the necessary quality of the project work will be provided in terms of organizational structure, resources, as well as methodological and instrumental support. As Basu, (2015) pointed out, at the stage of quality planning, documents can be created that regulate measures for monitoring the quality of project management, for example, a plan for project audits, forms for monitoring and management reporting, etc. Monitoring the quality of the project should be planned and systematic in the form of various activities, such as audit, monitoring, and examination.
Project-oriented activities have a narrow specificity; therefore both the architecture of the quality management system (QMS) and the specific ways of implementing its elements in each project can vary greatly and depend on its scale, profile, structure, goals, management style, and culture (Neyestani, and Juanzon, 2016). One of the main ideas of Total Quality Management (TQM) is to manage the quality of the developed product during its manufacturing process, which is achieved at each stage of this process. The concept of TQM in project management implies that the development process should be structured in such a way as to enable the measurement of quality at each stage of the project (Small, Bakry, and Ayyash, 2019).
Research method, or technique, includes planning and leading the investigation taking everything into account. The execution of scientific research starts with the decision of the problem or issue to be studied or investigated and the formation of research questions (Saunders, Lewis, and Thornhill, 2015). This study will be based on a mixed-method using both quantitative and qualitative research methods. The researcher has decided to use a secondary research method for gathering the relevant qualitative data for this research regarding the extent of application of Total Quality Management practices in the construction industry. The researcher will being by elaborating on the concept of TQM in detail. Subsequently, the researcher will use the vast amount of existing research and data available on TQM and explain the factors that encourage and factors that prevent the application of TQM.
Since the topic of quality management has been studied several times in a vast number of contexts, hence, the researcher believes that the relevant information can be gathered easily on the application of Total Quality Management practices in the construction industry. Moreover, since this study focuses primarily on construction company projects, therefore, the quantitative data will be gathered from surveys that will be conducted by project managers involved in construction projects. The survey results will be subsequently analyzed and presented for this study to test the theoretical framework. Additionally, using the findings from the theoretical framework and survey findings, the researchers will present conclusive results and recommend areas for further research in the Total Quality Management field.
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Abas, M., Khattak, S.B., Hussain, I., Maqsood, S. and Ahmad, I., 2015. Evaluation of Factors affecting the quality of construction projects. Technical Journal, University of Engineering and Technology (UET) Taxila, Pakistan, 20(2), pp.115-120.
Basu, R., 2015. Cost of Quality for Construction Projects: a Fresh Look.
Bryman, A., & Bell, E. 2015. Business research methods. Oxford university press, pp. 41-54
Bryman, A., 2017. Quantitative and qualitative research: further reflections on their integration. In Mixing methods: Qualitative and quantitative research (pp. 57-78). Routledge.
Creswell, J. W. 2012. Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. Sage. Pp. 11
Flick, U. 2015. Introducing research methodology: A beginner’s guide to doing a research project. Sage. pp. 67
Larsen, J.K., Shen, G.Q., Lindhard, S.M. and Brunoe, T.D., 2015. Factors affecting schedule delay, cost overrun, and quality level in public construction projects. Journal of Management in Engineering, 32(1), p.04015032.
Matthews, B., & Ross, L. 2014. Research methods. Pearson Higher Ed. Pp. 84
Maxwell, J. A. 2012. Qualitative research design: An interactive approach: An interactive approach. Sage. Pp. 32
McCusker, K. and Gunaydin, S., 2015. Research using qualitative, quantitative or mixed methods and choice based on the research. Perfusion, 30(7), pp.537-542.
Neyestani, B. and Juanzon, J.B.P., 2016. Developing an Appropriate Performance Measurement Framework for Total Quality Management (TQM) in Construction and Other Industries.
Rumane, A.R., 2017. Quality management in construction projects. CRC Press.
Saunders, M.N., Lewis, P. and Thornhill, A., 2015. Research Methods for Business Students EBook. Pearson Australia Pty Limited.
Sekaran, U. and Bougie, R., 2016. Research methods for business: A skill building approach. John Wiley & Sons.
Small, E.P., Bakry, I. and Ayyash, L.A., 2019. Evaluating the effect of TQM on MEP construction productivity and project delivery in Dubai. International Journal of Construction Management, pp.1-15. | <urn:uuid:8d595b0c-5353-4b8c-8288-55ff096510ba> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://premierdissertations.com/implementation-of-quality-control-measures-in-construction-projects-and-its-impact-on-project-success/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510967.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20231002033129-20231002063129-00890.warc.gz | en | 0.917688 | 2,501 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Exhibitions and Events
Our exhibition (1 July 2014– 30 January 2015) is ‘Mapping city, town and country since 1824: the Ordnance Survey in Ireland.’ Organised by the Library and the Irish Historic Towns Atlas (IHTA), the exhibition focuses on the Academy’s extensive collections relating to the ‘great national work,’ the mapping of Ireland at a scale of 6 inches to one mile. The 6-inch maps are an essential source for the investigation of nineteenth-century Ireland – city, town and country. Every headland, mountain, river, field, plot, bleaching green, public building, is recorded for posterity. These maps form the basis of two forthcoming IHTA publications:
Frank Cullen, Dublin 1847: city of the Ordnance Survey.
Rob Goodbody, Irish Historic Towns Atlas No. 26, Dublin, part III, 1756 to 1847.
In the course of the OS mapping, directed by Col. Thomas Colby, assisted by Lieut. Thomas Aiskew Larcom (later under-secretary for Ireland, 1853-68), the project expanded to include a range of activities. For example, a significant feature of the project was the compilation of Memoirs – information on the landscape, topography, features of antiquarian interest, population, economy and society, gathered systematically. The purpose of this information was to supplement the maps and ‘to collect and diffuse information for the benefit of every class in society.’ The Memoirs contain a fund of information and include 1,640 sketches of archaeological, antiquarian and architectural features. Funding for the Memoir compilation was cut in 1839-40, thus only the Ulster counties are fully documented. Intended for publication from the outset, the OS Memoirs were finally published in 40 volumes in the 1990s. The Academy is now publishing a selection of the Memoir drawings:
Angélique Day, Glimpses of Ireland’s past – the Ordnance Survey Memoir drawings: topography and technique.
This publication seeks to illustrate the skill of the OS artists/engineers and the scope of the material selected for sketching and recording.
The importance of placenames was recognised at an early stage and John O’Donovan, the renowned Irish scholar, was engaged at the Placenames & Topograpical Department which generated the Name Books (originals held at the National Archives), ‘the alpha of the memoir.’ The objective was to adopt names closest to the original Irish form. George Petrie, artist, antiquarian, musician and collector, ran the department from his house in North Great Charles Street, Dublin. This was the base from which O’Donovan, Eugene O’Curry (lexicographer), James Clarence Mangan (poet and scribe), William Wakeman and George Victor du Noyer (artists) sallied forth on fieldwork of various kinds. O’Donovan, O’Curry and others, whilst dispersed around the country working on the placenames, reported back to Larcom, often on a daily basis. The resulting OS Letters, from 29 Irish counties (Antrim, Cork and Tyrone were not covered), concerned as they are with local families, antiquities and lore, form a major resource for antiquarian scholars, lexicographers and local historians.
Other material generated by the project, the OS Extracts, contain relevant material culled from primary sources, in Latin and Irish, some of which are not extant.
Our exhibition uses all of these resources to illustrate the scope and depth of the OS engagement in nineteenth-century Ireland.
The exhibition is on view Monday-Friday, 10.00 -17.00 hours, except on conference days at the Academy. Check the website for up-to-date viewing times.
Mapping city, town and country lecture series
We are pleased to announce a series of lunchtime lectures covering all aspects of the OS project. Lectures are held in the Meeting Room, Academy House, 1-2 p.m., and will be recorded for podcast purposes. All welcome. No need to book. Groups please phone in advance: 01-6090620 or email email@example.com.
27 August 2014 Heritage Week Lecture Dr Jacinta Prunty,
NUI Maynooth: ‘The map-making of the Ordnance Survey: challenges on every front’
1 October 2014 Prof. William Smyth, MRIA, UCC: ‘The Ordnance Survey Six-inch Mapping Project: political and cultural agendas’
8 October 2014 Prof. Nollaig Ó Muraíle, MRIA, NUI Galway: ‘Translations?: The Ordnance Survey and Irish place-names’
15 October 2014 Paul Walsh, Department of Arts, Heritage & Gaeltacht: ‘George Petrie’s “Topographical Department” (1835-42)’
22 October 2014 Angélique Day: ‘Glimpses of Ireland's past: drawings in the Ordnance Survey Memoirs’
29 October 2014 Prof. Michael Herity, MRIA: ‘John O'Donovan's work for the Ordnance Survey’
5 November 2014 Rob Goodbody: ‘From Rocque to the Ordnance Survey: mapping Dublin 1756 to 1847’
12 November 2014 Dr Frank Cullen, IHTA: ‘Dublin in 1847: city of the Ordnance Survey’
19 November 2014 Colin Bray, Chief Executive, OSI: ‘Ordnance Survey Ireland: mapping our future' | <urn:uuid:f0898648-f131-4809-a424-ac6f73d5bd1b> | CC-MAIN-2014-35 | http://www.ria.ie/Library/Exhibitions.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-35/segments/1409535922763.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20140909050510-00223-ip-10-180-136-8.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.92377 | 1,183 | 2.625 | 3 |
5 Simple Ways To Improve English Vocabulary
How to develop English vocabulary?
The English language has a large number of words. All words, simple or complex, can be replaced by alternative words that vary in their meaning to varying degrees. But how can I learn all these words? It seems like a difficult task. Right!
As hard as it may sound, once we start following an easy pattern of learning words, memorizing and using them is a walk in the park. It's great when words change the sound form of a sentence. It makes a huge impact on your English speaking and writing skills. Here are 10 ways to improve your English vocabulary. As Speechify, we have been trying to improve our students' vocabulary and speaking skills in our oral English classes for the last five years. Our online English teachers have largely understood what works and what doesn't. These easy ways come straight to you from the teacher's desk, who is a student just like you. These are tried and tested.
1. Keep a diary
He should keep a diary or notebook to jot down any word or phrase we learn and want to use in the future. Writing this in a journal will be very helpful for later reference. Write all words and phrases neatly.
Divide your diary into two parts, words and phrases. Categorize words by their first letter or other familiar themes. This will help you easily find and find words when needed. When writing a word, also write a meaningful sentence with it as it will remind you how to use it effortlessly.
2. Read a lot and be curious
People with a daily reading habit usually have a better vocabulary. No shortcuts here. You should try to read as much as possible in English. Be curious about new words you come across. Never proceed without finding the meaning of a word or phrase that you are unaware of. Your reading speed will be slow at first. But over time, you'll develop a terrific vocabulary.
3. Create a Pinterest board
For those who don't know about Pinterest, it's a website where you can find a wealth of information on everything from life hacks to hacking. You can find anything and everything under one roof.
It is a very useful tool for improving English vocabulary as you can see them in picture form, relate to them and pin them to the board. So, create a board for yourself on Pinterest, pin all your favorite words and phrases you find on Pinterest, give your board a nice name. Keep it private or share with people. You can refer to these pins at any time.
4. Highlight words while reading
To improve your English vocabulary, you should always emphasize a new word or a phrase that comes across it. This is cardinal as it helps preserve the word and also look at how it is used in a sentence. Always write the meaning above the word. Even if one has read the novel a hundred times, one can always open the novel and refresh the word bank. This hack can be applied to some nice expressions you come across in the novel. This is the best way to absorb the nectar of the book.
5. Google synonym
When you think your vocabulary isn't enough to sustain the language world, just look no further at Google. Every time you say a very common word, try searching for it synonymously, which will instantly change the sound of your sentence.
She played an important role in the drama.
She played an indispensable role in the drama
Look, these sentences are similar in meaning, but how the word indispensable gives the sentence a new look. | <urn:uuid:97b24809-ccfc-4555-8eca-ab6b3b269156> | CC-MAIN-2022-05 | https://www.guclukizlar.com/post/5-simple-ways-to-improve-english-vocabulary | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-05/segments/1642320304217.55/warc/CC-MAIN-20220123081226-20220123111226-00105.warc.gz | en | 0.957706 | 736 | 3.34375 | 3 |
Spain Other Police Forces
Sources: The Library of Congress Country Studies; CIA World Factbook
Although their powers were, in most cases, quite limited, the local police services of individual towns and cities supplemented the work of the National Police Corps, dealing with such matters as traffic, parking, monitoring public demonstrations, guarding municipal buildings, and enforcing local ordinances. They also collaborated with the National Police Corps by providing personnel to assist in crowd control. Numbering about 37,000 individuals in 1986, the local police were generally armed only with pistols.
Under the Statutes of Autonomy of 1979, the Basque Country and Catalonia were granted authority to form their own regional police forces. Subsequently, ten of the seventeen autonomous regions were extended the right to create their own forces, but, as of 1988, only three areas--the Basque Country, Catalonia, and Navarre--had developed regional police units. The 1986 organic law defined the limits of competence for regional police forces, although the restrictions imposed did not apply to the existing forces in the Basque Country and Navarre and applied only in part to those in Catalonia. Under the law, regional police could enforce regional legislation, protect regional offices, and, in cooperation with national forces, could police public places, control demonstrations and crowds, and perform duties in support of the judiciary. A Security Policy Council was established at the national level to ensure proper coordination with the new regional forces, which, as of 1986, numbered about 4,500 officers.
Data as of December 1988
NOTE: The information regarding Spain on this page is re-published from The Library of Congress Country Studies and the CIA World Factbook. No claims are made regarding the accuracy of Spain Other Police Forces information contained here. All suggestions for corrections of any errors about Spain Other Police Forces should be addressed to the Library of Congress and the CIA. | <urn:uuid:6cdb2f06-5388-4eeb-81a0-c214e4df1fb7> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.photius.com/countries/spain/national_security/spain_national_security_other_police_forces.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720972.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00518-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.938317 | 374 | 2.890625 | 3 |
MONDAY, Mar. 26, 2012 — Are you worried about your chances of developing type 2 diabetes? If you’re not, you should be.
That’s because the numbers are staggering: Nearly 26 million Americans have diabetes, and another 79 million are considered prediabetic and at high risk of developing the condition. Yet perhaps the most frightening statistic of all is that one in four people with diabetes isn’t even aware that he or she has the disease, because the symptoms may be mild to non-existent. And over time, untreated diabetes can cause big health problems — from heart disease to nerve damage to blindness.
But there’s an easy way to find out if you’re at risk of type 2 diabetes. The fourth Tuesday of every March (that’s tomorrow!) is the American Diabetes Association’s Diabetes Alert Day, focused on raising awareness of this disease through a simple online test.
Unlike type 1 diabetes, which is usually first diagnosed in children and teens, type 2 diabetes is more common in those over age 40 (although the numbers of kids with type 2 has also gone up in recent years). Other factors that influence diabetes risk include family history, ethnic background, being obese or overweight, having a history of gestational diabetes (diabetes that develops during pregnancy), or inactivity.
The ADA’s Diabetes Risk Test can’t diagnose type 2 diabetes or prediabetes — for that, you’ll need to visit your doctor. But learning about your diabetes risk can give you the incentive you need to get started on the road to a healthier lifestyle, and in the process cut your chances of getting the disease.
Want more proof? A September 2011 study in Annals of Internal Medicine, which reviewed data from more than 200,000 adults, found the five most important lifestyle factors for preventing type 2 diabetes were eating a healthy diet, keeping body mass index (BMI) below 25, not smoking, getting at least 20 minutes of aerobic exercise a week, and drinking in moderation. And while doing any one of these was shown to reduce diabetes risk, the researchers concluded that accomplishing all five can cut risk by a whopping 80 percent.
To take the Diabetes Risk Test, visit the ADA’s Facebook page or Web site beginning tomorrow, or call 1-800-DIABETES (1-800-342-2383). You’ll be helping to raise funds for a good cause: For each test taken until April 27, 2012, the company Boar’s Head has pledged to donate $5 to the association. And your responses could just turn out to be a life-saver for you or someone you know. | <urn:uuid:063b8f84-7ad5-4b3f-bb1b-bec684069f44> | CC-MAIN-2017-22 | http://www.everydayhealth.com/diabetes/0326/diabetes-alert-day-do-you-know-your-risk.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-22/segments/1495463612553.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20170529203855-20170529223855-00138.warc.gz | en | 0.933131 | 557 | 2.890625 | 3 |
King tut essay king tutankhamun: a biography egyptian history is divided into many different time periods according the centuries the new kingdom in ancient egyptian history is defined as the time between the 16th century bce and the 11th century bc. View and download king tut essays examples also discover topics, titles, outlines, thesis statements, and conclusions for your king tut essay. Read this essay on king tut come browse our large digital warehouse of free sample essays get the knowledge you need in order to pass your classes and more only at termpaperwarehousecom. King tutankhamun was the only boy ruler and he couldn't properly rule until he was eighteen his uncle, ay, was his advisor and he took care of a majority of the affairs once king tutankhamun turned eighteen, ay lost all of his power.
King tut essays over 3,300 years ago, a young king, known as tutankhamen, inherited the rule of the egyptian kingdom given that tut was only nine years old at the time, guardian officials tended to political duties while the boy publicly matured into manhood. View essay - king tut essay from humanities 100 at strayer university running head: king tutankhamun: death of the boy king king tutankhamun: death of the boy-king brianna whalen world cultures. Since king tut was so young when he died, and because his father, akhenaten, was an unpopular, some say hated, ruler, theories abound as to how king tut died adding to the mystery are differing accounts of the tomb itself. View this thesis on king tut's curse and research even today rumors about the curse continue to swirl around king tut and his tomb for example the researchers thesis king tut s curse and research and 90,000+ more term papers written by professionals and your peers.
Unlike most editing & proofreading services, we edit for everything: grammar, spelling, punctuation, idea flow, sentence structure, & more get started now. King tutankhamun was just a teenager when he died for an ancient egyptian pharaoh, presumably well fed and fiercely protected, this was a premature demise it was also momentous, for his death . Essay: the tomb of tutankhamen what does the tomb of tutankhamen and its contents show about the egyptian concern for the afterlife tutakhamen’s tomb, and the artifacts inside are an indication of the concern the ancient egyptians held for the after-life of their king. Archaeology term papers (paper 19039) on king tut's tomb : what does the tomb of tutankhamen and its contents show about the egyptian concern for the afterlife.
Free essay: the mystery of king tut's death the mystery of king tut's death if you ask the average american to name an egyptian king ninety nine percent of. Free essays available online are good but they will not follow the guidelines of your particular writing assignment if you need a custom term paper on high school essays: king tut, you can hire a professional writer here to write you a high quality authentic essay. Read this essay on theories about king tut’s death come browse our large digital warehouse of free sample essays get the knowledge you need in order to pass your classes and more. Previous excavations in the valley of the kings in egypt by theodore davis had found and cleared the tombs of tutankhamun’s family and their possessions by 1913, davis had not yet found an intact royal tomb and became disillusioned, finally declaring the area exhausted of by 1920, the tomb of nearly every new kingdom king . Third of all, king tut's corpse was sloppily embalmed an ointment that was used for embalming had been poured over the mummy the sloppy paint job and embalming job suggest that the tomb was in a hurry to be sealed .
King tutankhamun free essay, term paper and book report tutankhamun was the 12th pharaoh of the eighteenth dynasty of egypt he ruled from 1334-1323 bc and lived in 1341 bc - 1323 bc, during the period known as the new kingdom. King tut’s tomb was a major discovery of the 19th century it was a phenomenal discovery that made headlines across the world up until the discovery of king tut’s tomb, it was believed that all royal tombs had been robbed and drained of their treasure. King tut was about eighteen or nineteen when he died this pharaoh was mummified and buried this pharaoh was mummified and buried king tut was buried with his weapons, pots and valuable treasures, his coffin was made of solid gold . Essay tomb of tutankhamun the most famous egyptian pharaoh today is, king nebkheperuru tutankhamun tutankhamun is also known as king tut.
Paper masters custom research papers on king tutankhamun paper masters writes custom research papers on king tutankhamen and looks at the 18th dynasty king of egypt and his life search order paper faqs e-mail us. Free essay: good morning/afternoon students and teachers, my speech that i will be presenting today is on king tutankhamun’s golden throne and the kings. Excavation of king tut's tomb by howard carter and lord carnarvon essay - a) the site: 1) 2) the site of tutankhamun's tomb was found in 1922 by howard carter and his sponsor lord carnarvon which was funding the search. | <urn:uuid:2d573a17-6df6-4d73-85b9-81f0801f6633> | CC-MAIN-2018-43 | http://rshomeworkjxnj.firdaus.info/essay-on-king-tut.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-43/segments/1539583511872.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20181018130914-20181018152414-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.956336 | 1,151 | 3.203125 | 3 |
It’s no wonder nearly one in 10 Americans suffers from depression.
“Top risk factors include being unable to work or unemployed; having no health insurance; suffering from obesity,” notes psychologist Gregory L. Jantz, citing a Centers for Disease Control study.
“Unfortunately, those topics have dominated headlines for the past five years. What’s worse, by 2020, the World Health Organization estimates depression will be second most debilitating disease worldwide.”
The author of “Overcoming Anxiety, Worry and Fear,” (www.aplaceofhope.com) says these negative emotions along with sustained, excessive stress can lead to depression, which now overshadows other problems for which patients seek help at his clinic.
“Depression can be rooted in a number of problems, and those need to be addressed – simply taking a pill is not usually effective treatment. Anger, fear and guilt can all be underlying causes, even when the person isn’t aware he’s experiencing those feelings.”
A holistic treatment approach, which may or may not include medication, helps people overcome a bout of the debilitating illness, and learn techniques to manage it themselves, he says.
People at risk of depression can work at maintaining their emotional equilibrium by counterbalancing negative feelings with optimism, hope, and joy. This is most effective if they do this holistically, addressing the four main categories of human need.
“By purposefully feeding the intellectual, relational, physical, and spiritual aspects of your life positive emotions, you can achieve balance,” Jantz says.
He offers these suggestions:
• Intellectual: Be aware of what you’re feeding to your mind. Try reading a positive, uplifting book, and setting aside time in your day to fill yourself up intellectually with constructive, encouraging messages. Be aware of what you are reading and listening to, and seek to counter the negative input we all get with positive influences.
• Relational: Think of a person you really enjoy talking to, someone who makes you feel good about yourself or someone who’s just fun to be around. Plan today to spend time with that person this week, even if it’s just for a moment or two. Make the effort to verbalize your appreciation for his or her positive presence in your day.
• Physical: Physical activity is a wonderful way of promoting emotional health. Engage in some mild exercise this week. Take a walk around the neighborhood. Stroll through a city park. The goals are to get your body moving and to allow you to focus on something other than yourself and your surroundings. Greet your neighbors, stop at the park and watch someone playing with his dog, or cheer at a Little League game. Intentionally open up your focus to include the broader world around you.
• Spiritual Support: Take some time to nourish your spirit. If you are a member of a religious organization, make sure to attend services this week. If you are not, listen to some religious or meditative music. Spend time in quiet reflection, meditation, or prayer. Intentionally engage in an activity that replenishes and reconnects your spirit.
If you are not depressed but feel anxious and stressed, have trouble sleeping or find your not content much of the time, Jantz says it’s time to start taking care of yourself.
“Depression is painful and as debilitating as any other disease,” he says. “Take steps to de-stress your life and to work on emotional balance before it gets worse.” | <urn:uuid:0c16c8a5-5d4e-4a4a-aa28-b1616e0c01ea> | CC-MAIN-2020-10 | https://upsideof50.annvbaker.com/you-can-live-free-from-anxiety/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875145869.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20200224010150-20200224040150-00457.warc.gz | en | 0.944777 | 741 | 2.65625 | 3 |
Based on the definition of homelessness developed under the Stewart B. McKinney Homless Assistance Act:
A homeless individual is one who:
1. does not have a fixed, regular, and adequate residence
2. has a primary night-time residence in a supervised public or privately owned shelter
3. is temporarily staying with relatives of friends because of loss of job, other income loss, house loss
4. is staying in a motel, hotel, campground or similar setting due to lack of alternative adequate accommodations
It is the desire of the district to ensure that homeless children have access to a free and appropriate education comparable to the education of children who are non-homeless.
To complete a student residency questionnaire or to obtain more information, please contact a counselor at any school or Leeann Fulton, Homeless Liaison, at 601 656 2955.
Copyright © 2017 Philadelphia Public School District | <urn:uuid:fe39a805-c3be-4e6d-9e28-1e45c8ffbf6b> | CC-MAIN-2017-13 | http://www.phillytornadoes.com/?PN=Pages&SubP=Level1Page&L=0&DivisionID=9469&DepartmentID=0&SubDepartmentID=0&PageID=15233&ToggleSideNav= | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-13/segments/1490218190754.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20170322212950-00242-ip-10-233-31-227.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.928862 | 182 | 2.765625 | 3 |
It's National Bird Day today, and here in Scotland we boast some of the most stunning and diverse wildlife on the planet.
Our nation's animals come in all shapes and sizes and today we look five of the most interesting birds that can be found in Scotland.
Don't worry, we've left the brazen Glaswegian pigeons and those pesky Aberdonian seagulls off the list - this is only for the elite of the avian species.
These beautiful creatures are often considered the "clowns of the air" due to their mismatched appearance.
The puffin can grow to around 18 inches tall and boast a black and white body, white a pale white face and brightly coloured bill.
If you want to spot them then head to the Isle of May, Anstruther .
Red kite's are easily identifiable due to their large size, with a wingspan of almost 2 metres, and reddish-brown colouring.
The bird was successfully reintroduced to Scotland where it can now be seen soaring the skies across our bonny counry.
The capercaillie may not be one of the most dangerous birds on our list, but it is one that is synonymous with Scotland.
Unfortunately, this woodland bird, which is the largest member of the grouse family, is now endangered and is facing possible extinction.
This massive bird of prey thrives across the Scottish Highlands and Northern Isles.
The golden eagle mainly hunts rabbits, hares but is also known to catch foxes, young deer and grouse.
The osprey have a wingspan of around 1.5m and are a seasonal visitor to our country.
These powerful brown birds can be found Scotland's pine forests and lochs where they mostly hunt fish.
You better time your bird-spotting trip though as, like many of us wish we could do, they migrate south for the winter.
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10 Home Remedies To Treat Swollen Lymph Nodes Naturally
It is common to have one or the other lymph node in the body swelling up as a defense against foreign bodies. There are many natural ways to treat lymph nodes. Using natural antimicrobials like turmeric, honey, garlic, etc orally or topically is a good way to go about it. Applying a warm compress or gently massaging the area is also found to be effective. You can also try massaging with peppermint oil or having mullein leaves or Panax ginseng.
It’s very common that a swelling appears somewhere on the body. If it doesn’t hurt much or doesn’t really bother you, it is most likely to be a swollen lymph node.
A lymph node is an oval-shaped organ or gland of the lymphatic system. They are present throughout the body and their main function is the production of lymphocytes, which help defend the body against microorganisms and harmful foreign particles. They do this by filtering the lymph fluid as it flows through them, then destroying the bacteria, viruses, and other foreign particles with the help of the white blood cells which are stored in them. Thus, lymph nodes form an important part of the immune system of the body.
While the exact number of lymph nodes varies from individual to individual, there are roughly about 500 to 700 of them in the body.1
Why Do Lymph Nodes Swell?
Lymph nodes block the viruses, bacteria, abnormal cells, or diseased cells that pass through the lymph channels. When the individual is suffering from an infection or disease, the lymph nodes gather up the bacteria and viruses. This leads to the nodes swelling up in the affected area.2 Swollen lymph nodes are a sure sign that the lymphatic system is working to rid the body of the responsible agents.
Common Sites For Swollen Lymph Nodes
Lymph nodes can be found throughout the body. They are located underneath the skin in many areas like the armpits, either sides of the neck and groin, under the jaw, above the collarbone, etc.3 The glands in the armpit are known as axillary lymph nodes. An injury or infection to the arm or hand are likely to be the cause for these nodes to swell. Cysts and irritation caused by shaving can also lead to swollen lymph nodes in the armpits. A rare cause may be breast cancer or lymphoma.
When glands on either side of the neck, under the jaw or behind the ears swell up, the culprit is usually a cold or a sore throat. An injury can be another cause for swollen lymph nodes in the neck. A tumor or infection in the mouth, throat or neck can also cause swelling of lymph nodes.
The femoral or inguinal lymph nodes are situated in the groin. These nodes can swell up in the event of an injury or infection in the groin, genitals, foot, or leg. Various types of cancers can also lead to lumps in this area.
Glands above the collarbone are known as the supraclavicular lymph nodes. An infection or tumor in the lung, breast, abdomen, or neck area can cause a swelling of these lymph nodes.
How To Treat Swollen Lymph Nodes
Swollen lymph node glands usually become smaller without any treatment. In some cases, however, doctors may suggest to monitor them.
If the node has swollen up due to an infection, antibiotics or antiviral medications may be prescribed to combat the infection. Pain killers and anti-inflammatory medications may also be prescribed.
In case the cause for swollen lymph nodes is cancer, cancer will have to be treated for the nodes to go back to normal size. While chemotherapy might be required in some situations, some cases may also call for the removal of the affected gland or lymph node.
While antibiotics and antivirals bring down the infections and reduce the size of the swollen lymph nodes, it may take up to four weeks for results to show. Then too, the glands need not always subside to its normal size.
10 Simple Home Remedies To Treat Swollen Lymph Nodes
There are a variety of natural remedies to treat swollen lymph nodes effectively and without any side effects. However, if there is no improvement in your condition even after one month, do consult a doctor. Here are some effective (proven) natural cures for swollen lymph nodes.
1. Warm Compress
A warm compress is an age-old remedy to reduce the swelling of the lymph nodes. When a warm compress is applied to the affected area, the temperature helps increase blood circulation and blood flow. This will give you marked relief from the pain and swelling.4
Studies also show a connection between heat and inactivation of viruses causing the swelling of lymph nodes.5
- Dip a washcloth in hot water and wring out the excess water
- Place this warm washcloth on the affected areas for up to 10 minutes
- Repeat a few times daily until the swelling is gone
- You can also wash the swollen area with warm water a few times daily.
Another natural remedy to go for is a massage. Massaging the lymph nodes, or the area around the nodes is believed to help. A good massage will stimulate the nodes, reduce accumulation of impurities in the nodes by draining it out, and help reduce the swelling. While you can opt to hire a professional to massage you, it is quite easy to do it yourself.6
- Use your fingertips to massage the lymph nodes gently
- Keep massaging the area for about five minutes
- Repeat twice or thrice a day for best results
3. Salt Water
For those suffering from inflamed lymph nodes in the neck caused by a cold or a sore throat, a salt water gargle will give immediate relief. Magnesium salts, or Epsom salts as they are more commonly known, have excellent anti-inflammatory and healing properties.7
- Take a cup of warm water
- Add half a teaspoon to 1 teaspoon of salt to it
- Mix well
- Use this solution to gargle
- Repeat two or three times a day for best results
Garlic has always been one of the foremost medicines in traditional treatment methods or herbal remedies. Studies have shown that garlic possesses antibacterial, antithrombotic, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and antidiabetic actions.8 These properties will undoubtedly help in reducing the swelling in the lymph nodes as well as cleanse and heal the lymphatic system. 9
- Have 2–3 raw garlic cloves or a garlic supplement every day for a week.
- Massage the swollen area for five minutes with garlic oil. Repeat thrice daily.
5. Apple Cider Vinegar
Yet another effective natural remedy for swollen lymph nodes is apple cider vinegar (ACV). Believed to be a wonder cure, ACV helps create an alkaline environment in the body. It also maintains the pH levels in the body at an optimum level. Studies show that ACV possesses oxidative stress scavenging effects and that it also increases the levels of antioxidant enzymes and vitamins in the body.10 Moreover, its antibacterial and antioxidant properties help fight any infection that may be causing the lymph nodes to swell.11
- Mix 1 cup of raw, unfiltered ACV with 1 cup of water
- Soak a washcloth in the solution and apply it on the swollen area
- After 5 minutes, rinse it off with warm water and pat dry
- Repeat at least twice a day
Alternatively, you can opt for the following method:
- Take a glass of water
- Mix 1 tablespoon of raw, unfiltered ACV in it
- Add a little raw honey
- Stir well
- Drink it twice daily
Honey is an excellent wound healer. Its anti-inflammatory properties can help reduce the pain and swelling of the affected lymph nodes.12 Its antibacterial properties, meanwhile, can help fight the infection that is causing the lymph nodes to swell.13
- Take 1 cup of water
- Add 2 teaspoons of raw honey
- Squeeze some fresh lemon juice into it
- Mix it well and drink this twice a day for one week
Alternatively, you can
- Apply some raw honey on the swollen area
- Allow it to remain for 15 minutes
- Rinse it off with warm water
- Repeat 3 times daily until the swelling subsides
Yet another long-standing herbal remedy that has stood the test of time is turmeric. Rich in antioxidants and a highly effective anti-inflammatory agent and analgesic, turmeric is a sure-fire remedy to treat swollen lymph nodes.14 Since it is also proven to be effective in combating infections, turmeric can definitely aid in bringing down the swelling of enlarged lymph nodes.15
- Take 1 tablespoon of turmeric powder
- Add enough honey to make a paste
- Apply it on the swollen area
- After 10 minutes rinse with warm water
- Do this twice daily for about a week
- Drink a glass of warm turmeric milk twice daily
8. Peppermint Oil
As anyone who has chewed gum knows, peppermint has a cooling effect unlike any other. Not just in the mouth, peppermint provides this same cooling effect on the skin, too. So, topical application of peppermint oil can cool the skin in the affected area as well as increase the blood flow to the area.16 Apart from this, peppermint is also a powerful analgesic or painkiller.17 It is also rich in several nutrients and minerals like manganese, folate, calcium, magnesium, vitamin A, vitamin C, etc. and is a potent antimicrobial. So, applying peppermint oil on the swollen area will help kill the infection causing bacteria as well as provide a soothing effect to the area.18
- Take a few drops of peppermint oil
- Apply it on the affected area
- Gently massage the area for five minutes
- Do this twice daily till the swelling reduces
9. Mullein Leaves
Mullein leaves and flowers have long been used for traditional medicinal treatments. While mullein leaves have been popular in treating respiratory illnesses like bronchitis, whooping cough, cold, fever, flu, pneumonia etc., research also shows that the plant is a wormicide that is quite effective in combating helminths, viruses, and bacteria, as well.19 This means, that the plant can tackle the infections that are causing the lymph nodes to swell. For a natural cure for a sore throat and the consequent swollen lymph nodes, do the following:
- Chop up some mullein leaves
- Put it in a jar
- Pour 1 cup of boiling water into the jar
- Close the jar and let it steep for a few minutes
- Once cooled, drink the tea
- Drink 3 cups daily for one week
10. Panax Ginseng
Chinese ginseng or panax ginseng is capable of enhancing the immune function and liver function. It is also effective as anti-fatigue, anti-diabetic, anti-stress, and a pain relieving agent.20 These properties of the ginseng are derived from its roots.21 Ginseng is also believed to help treat the common cold and the flu. Ginseng is available in powdered form or as a syrup or as capsules.
- Take 400mg of ginseng every day for a week
- Consult your physician before you start this dose
References [ + ]
|1, 3.||↑||Oliver, Guillermo, and Michael Detmar. “The rediscovery of the lymphatic system: old and new insights into the development and biological function of the lymphatic vasculature.” Genes & development 16, no. 7 (2002): 773-783.|
|2.||↑||Dietrich, Christoph Frank, J. Lee, Gunter Herrmann, Gerlinde Teuber, W. Kurt Roth, Wolfgang F. Caspary, and Stefan Zeuzem. “Enlargement of perihepatic lymph nodes in relation to liver histology and viremia in patients with chronic hepatitis C.” Hepatology 26, no. 2 (1997): 467-472.|
|4.||↑||Jolly, Helen, Kellie Simpson, Barbara Bishop, Heli Hunter, Cassie Newell, Douglas Denney, and MerriKay Oleen-Burkey. “Impact of Warm Compresses on Local Injection‐Site Reactions with Self‐Administered Glatiramer Acetate.” Journal of Neuroscience Nursing 40, no. 4 (2008): 232-240.|
|5.||↑||Spire, B., F. Barre-Sinoussi, D. Dormont, L. Montagnier, and J. C. Chermann. “Inactivation of lymphadenopathy-associated virus by heat, gamma rays, and ultraviolet light.” The Lancet 325, no. 8422 (1985): 188-189.|
|6.||↑||Bass, Siddharth S., Charles E. Cox, Christopher J. Salud, Gary H. Lyman, Christa McCann, Elizabeth Dupont, Claudia Berman, and Douglas S. Reintgen. “The effects of postinjection massage on the sensitivity of lymphatic mapping in breast cancer.” Journal of the American College of Surgeons 192, no. 1 (2001): 9-16.|
|7.||↑||Borazan, Hale, Ahmet Kececioglu, Selmin Okesli, and Seref Otelcioglu. “Oral Magnesium Lozenge Reduces Postoperative Sore ThroatA Randomized, Prospective, Placebo-controlled Study.” Anesthesiology: The Journal of the American Society of Anesthesiologists 117, no. 3 (2012): 512-518.|
|8.||↑||Tsai, Chia-Wen, Haw-Wen Chen, Le-Yen Sheen, and Chong-Kuei Lii. “Garlic: Health benefits and actions.” BioMedicine 2, no. 1 (2012): 17-29.|
|9.||↑||Amagase, Harunobu. “Clarifying the real bioactive constituents of garlic.” The Journal of nutrition 136, no. 3 (2006): 716S-725S.|
|10.||↑||Nazıroğlu, Mustafa, Mustafa Güler, Cemil Özgül, Gündüzalp Saydam, Mustafa Küçükayaz, and Ercan Sözbir. “Apple cider vinegar modulates serum lipid profile, erythrocyte, kidney, and liver membrane oxidative stress in ovariectomized mice fed high cholesterol.” The Journal of membrane biology 247, no. 8 (2014): 667-673.|
|11.||↑||Bragg, Paul Chappuis, N. D. Patricia Bragg, and Paul C. Bragg. Apple Cider Vinegar Miracle Health System. Health Science Publications, Inc., 2003.|
|12.||↑||Tonks, Amanda J., R. A. Cooper, K. P. Jones, S. Blair, J. Parton, and Alex Tonks. “Honey stimulates inflammatory cytokine production from monocytes.” Cytokine 21, no. 5 (2003): 242-247.|
|13.||↑||Blair, S. E., N. N. Cokcetin, E. J. Harry, and D. A. Carter. “The unusual antibacterial activity of medical-grade Leptospermum honey: antibacterial spectrum, resistance and transcriptome analysis.” European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 28, no. 10 (2009): 1199-1208.|
|14.||↑||Ramadan, Gamal, Mohammed Ali Al-Kahtani, and Wael Mohamed El-Sayed. “Anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties of Curcuma longa (turmeric) versus Zingiber officinale (ginger) rhizomes in rat adjuvant-induced arthritis.” Inflammation 34, no. 4 (2011): 291-301.|
|15.||↑||Mano, Hiroshi, Jun Shimizu, and Masahiro Wada. “Microarrays: a powerful tool for studying the functions of food and its nutrients.” Nutrigenomics and Proteomics in Health and Disease: Food Factors and Gene Interactions (2009): 339-349. p 173|
|16.||↑||Göbel, H., G. Schmidt, M. Dworschak, H. Stolze, and D. Heuss. “Essential plant oils and headache mechanisms.” Phytomedicine 2, no. 2 (1995): 93-102.|
|17.||↑||Göbel, H., G. Schmidt, and D. Soyka. “Effect of peppermint and eucalyptus oil preparations on neurophysiological and experimental algesimetric headache parameters.” Cephalalgia 14, no. 3 (1994): 228-234.|
|18.||↑||Schelz, Zsuzsanna, Joseph Molnar, and Judit Hohmann. “Antimicrobial and antiplasmid activities of essential oils.” Fitoterapia 77, no. 4 (2006): 279-285.|
|19.||↑||Ali, Niaz, Syed Wadood Ali Shah, Ismail Shah, Ghayour Ahmed, Mehreen Ghias, Imran Khan, and Waqar Ali. “Anthelmintic and relaxant activities of Verbascum Thapsus Mullein.” BMC complementary and alternative medicine 12, no. 1 (2012): 29.|
|20.||↑||Choi, Kwang-tae. “Botanical characteristics, pharmacological effects and medicinal components of Korean Panax ginseng CA Meyer.” Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 29, no. 9 (2008): 1109.|
|21.||↑||Kiefer, David, and Traci Pantuso. “Panax ginseng.” American family physician 68, no. 8 (2003): 1539-1542.|
Disclaimer: The content is purely informative and educational in nature and should not be construed as medical advice. Please use the content only in consultation with an appropriate certified medical or healthcare professional. | <urn:uuid:cb4e4778-6105-46b8-8933-4a54c1c509ea> | CC-MAIN-2019-04 | https://www.curejoy.com/content/home-remedies-to-treat-swollen-lymph-nodes-naturally/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-04/segments/1547583879117.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20190123003356-20190123025356-00221.warc.gz | en | 0.870466 | 3,922 | 2.65625 | 3 |
The source of allergy trouble ranges from pet hair and dander to dust and pollen, resulting in sneezes, wheezing, and rashes - but do humidifiers help with allergies? The symptoms of allergies are common, with nearly a sixth (50 million) (opens in new tab) of the US population suffering from some type of reaction.
In this feature, we'll look at what a humidifier is and the science behind how they add moisture to the air. But it's important to understand that humidifiers won't serve the job of an air purifier, which works to capture allergens, dust, and even viruses. We have a whole feature on air purifiers vs humidifiers to help you understand the key differences.
- Related: Best humidifiers (opens in new tab)
How can humidifiers help with allergies?
A humidifier is an electronic device that pumps moisture into the air. When the humidity in a room is too low or too high, it can trigger allergy symptoms, especially when you're dealing with dust, pollen from open windows, or indoor pets. You can place a humidifier in any room or enclosed space of your home. Simply stated, humidifiers work by creating moisture and filtering dust, dander, and virus particles from the air.
Now that we're spending a larger chunk of our time indoors, it's more important than ever to create a safe environment to eat, sleep, work, and live in. And humidifiers help to do just that. Too little humidity causes inflamed, irritated nasal passages, rashes, and dry skin, and too much creates an environment ripe for bacteria, dust mites, and molds, all of which can affect your health. It can contribute towards something called sick building syndrome, which we deal with in our related investigation.
How do humidifiers work?
Humidifiers work by adding temperature-regulated moisture to the air inside your home. You pour water into the humidifier’s reservoir, and it outputs a gentle, filtered mist. The filters inside the unit have an antimicrobial surface that helps prevent the growth of mold, algae, fungus, and bacteria.
Humidifiers are great machines, but they won't cure allergies. However, the right humidity level in the home can help improve symptoms and make allergies less of a nuisance. A study by the Clinical research center (opens in new tab) shows that the optimum level of moisture for home humidification is between 40-50%. Remember, when the humidity level is too high, it encourages mold and dust mites, and low levels aggravate the sinuses, skin, and lungs. So it's crucial to get the level correct. On a hot, humid day, when you have the windows open, it's unlikely a humidifier will offer any benefit. If you have the air conditioner running or it's the middle of winter, though, a humidifier can soothe tender sinuses.
How can humidifiers help with allergies?
If you have pets, you'll want to pay special attention to your home's humidity. When moisture levels are high, pet dander sticks to surfaces, which you can then pick up on clothing and skin. Proper humidity at ideal temperatures fixes that and can help clear stuffy noses and tickling throats, too.
Other allergies, such as eczema, can also be kept under tighter control with a humidifier. The National Eczema Association (opens in new tab) reveals that the key to treating and preventing eczema outbreaks is to keep the skin’s moisture intact. Low temperatures and dry air, especially in the winter or air-conditioned rooms, can aggravate the skin and leave it sore and inflamed.
A higher level of humidity can also help eliminate viruses in the home. One research study (opens in new tab) tested how flu particles changed in the air when humidity levels reached 40%. The results showed virus particles were deactivated, making them less infectious when circulating in humidified air. Air purifiers can help with allergies too, so think about what you need when choosing your in-home air quality devices.
One important note: it's of the utmost importance you keep your humidifier clean. You'll need to change the filter regularly and clean the water tank to prevent waterborne bacteria from forming, which is the last thing you need when you're already suffering from itchy, runny eyes and noses.
- Related: What is the air quality index?
What types of humidifier are there?
There's no shortage of humidifiers on the market, and they come in all shapes and sizes. Here are the main types and how they work to humidify the air.
- Evaporators: This style of humidifier sucks in air, passes it through a filter, and then fans the hydrated air back out.
- Steam vaporizers: This humidifier creates steam internally, cooling it to an appropriate temperature before pumping it into your living space.
- Ultrasonic humidifiers: Typically smaller and more high-tech, these humidifiers use vibrations to vaporize water and pump steam back into the air.
- Whole house: These humidifiers attach to your central air conditioning or heating system, eliminating the need to purchase small units for each room.
Other ways to improve your home’s air quality
There are numerous other ways to clean the air in your home and minimize allergy symptoms. The NASA Clean Air Study (opens in new tab) showed that many house plants filter airborne irritants through their root system and can scrub the air in your home to some degree. Plants like English ivy, spider plants, peace lilies, and bamboo palms filter the air around them, removing toxins and particles.
Other inexpensive and simple ways to help with allergies in the home include keeping a small window open for ventilation, cleaning and dusting often, and brushing and bathing pets regularly. Indoor plants improve air quality too, and they look nice - just make sure they won't have an adverse effect on your pets!
- Read more: 9 allergy season symptoms to look for | <urn:uuid:fa09ca10-9f92-4655-ae5b-ff704b2bf666> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.livescience.com/do-humidifiers-help-with-allergies | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499899.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20230201013650-20230201043650-00564.warc.gz | en | 0.91902 | 1,248 | 2.84375 | 3 |
This lesson plan is designed to be used with the film Bronx Princess, which chronicles the complex relationship between a young woman named Rocky and her Ghanaian mother as Rocky progresses from high school to college. Classrooms can use this film and its companion website resources to help students explore their own relationships with their parents through letter writing. (Note: This film sometimes uses English subtitles.)
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Please visit our film library to find other films suitable for classroom use.
By the end of this lesson, students will:
- Use viewing skills and strategies to understand and interpret a series of video clips.
- Work in groups to read and summarize parent-child letters.
- Write a letter to a parent and invite him or her to write back.
- Discuss how writing to a parent influences the writing process.
GRADE LEVELS: 6-12
- Method of showing the entire class online video clips and a website
- Map showing the location of Ghana
- Handout: Viewing Guide
ESTIMATED TIME NEEDED: One to two 50-minute class periods, plus writing time outside of class
Clip 1: Blouse or a Shirt? (length 2:04)
The clip starts at 4:00 with Rocky in bed. It ends at 6:04, when Auntie Yaa says, “…if you put your head on your shoulder, you lose.”
Clip 2: Respect (length 1:57)
The clip starts at 11:29 with Rocky and Auntie Yaa at the beauty supply store. It ends at 13:26, after the subway passes in the background.
Clip 3: Home From College (length :57)
The clip starts at 36:38 with a street with Christmas lights. It ends at 37:35 with Rocky saying, “This is like the best stuff ever,” and her mother smiling in response.
In the film Bronx Princess, Rockyatu “Rocky” Otoo is shown graduating from high school with honors; going on a trip to visit her father, who is a chief in Ghana; and starting college on a full-tuition scholarship she has earned. Rocky grew up in New York City with her mother, “Auntie” Yaa, who is originally from the West African country of Ghana. “Auntie” Yaa runs her own beauty supply store in the Bronx.
1. Tell the class that you are going to show some video clips that introduce them to Rocky Otoo, who was raised in New York City. Rocky is graduating from high school and will attend college in the fall on a full scholarship. Her mother is “Auntie” Yaa, who runs a beauty supply store in the Bronx. Yaa is originally from Ghana. Show students where Ghana is on a map. Explain that Rocky’s father lives in Ghana, where he is the chief of his village.
2. Distribute the Viewing Guide handout and show Clip 1. Tell students to complete the first row of the table on the handout. Ask students, “Based on the clip we just watched, what does Rocky think is important?” Discuss the same for Yaa. Do students feel that they think differently from their parents? What factors might account for this, both in Rocky and Yaa’s situation and in the students’ own lives? Responses might include differences in culture, age, values and so on.
3. Show Clip 2 and ask students to complete the second row of the handout. Ask students if they think that Rocky and Yaa love each other despite their disagreements. Tell students to elaborate on their answers.
4. Explain that the last clip shows Rocky coming home after her first semester away at college. Show Clip 3 and complete the handout. Ask students if any of them have ever been away from home for more than a week. Ask students who have been away from home to reflect on their experiences. What did they miss about home when they were away? What did they not miss?
5. Compare and contrast Rocky and Yaa’s interactions with other parent-child relationships. Provide small student groups with one or two letters or blog posts to read together and summarize for the class. Consider pulling texts from the following sources, depending on the focus of your curriculum:
Blog Post: A Letter to My Mom (with response)
A daughter writes a letter on her blog to her mother about their relationship, and her mother responds.
A Special Delivery: Mother-Daughter Letters From Afar
by Joyce Slayton Mitchell and Elizabeth Dix Mitchell
This book features a collection of letters between a mother living in Vermont and her pregnant daughter living in New Zealand.
From Mother and Daughter: Poems, Dialogues, and Letters of Les Dames Des Roches
edited and translated by Anne R. Larsen
This book, available online, contains 16th-century letters that were sent by women in French literary history.
Theodore Roosevelt’s Letters to His Children
This online book provides a collection of letters that Teddy Roosevelt sent to his children.
While Father Is Away: The Civil War Letters of William H. Bradbury
This compilation of letters from a soldier in the Civil War includes messages to and about Bradbury’s children. Search the text for his daughter Jane’s name.
After each group has provided the class with a summary of its assigned letter(s), ask group members to identify similarities and differences in the relationships between the people in the letters they read and Rocky and Yaa. How might the time periods in which the letters were written have influenced the parent-child relationship?
6. Review the basics of personal letter writing and discuss what makes a good letter. Ask each student to write his or her own letter to a parent and invite the parent to write back. (Note: Please be sensitive to each student’s family situation and feel free to have students write to a loved one other than a parent if that would be more appropriate.) If writers aren’t sure where to start, suggest expressing gratitude, describing concerns or talking about roles and expectations. Keep letters focused by limiting them to one typed page. Tell students to write “SHARE” at the top of letters that they wouldn’t mind sharing with the class or posting on the POV website. Explain that letters without this designation will remain confidential.
7. After an appropriate writing period outside of class, collect the letters from students and their parents and choose a sample of those marked “SHARE” to read to the class. Ask students how writing to a loved one such as a parent affects tone, style and content. What type of language best fits the relationship? Did the process of writing letters affect how students and their parents understand each other? If so, how? What might students and their parents think of these letters in 10 or 20 years?
8. Consider submitting high-quality letter sets to the POV website for others to enjoy.
Students can be assessed on:
- Completion of the Viewing Guide.
- Participation in class discussions and activities.
- The substance and clarity of the letters to their parents.
EXTENSIONS & ADAPTATIONS
- Expand the discussion of what makes a good letter (step 6 in the main activity) to develop a student-generated rubric to use when assessing student work for this lesson. The article “Developing Student-Generated Rubrics” shares some strategies for how this could be done.
- Have students create visual representations of their family trees. Ask students to research and record the full names, birth and death years (where applicable) and place of longest residence for three to four generations of their families (students being the first generation). Students should create a family tree poster to organize and display this information, and then decorate the poster in a way that reflects their family’s culture and style. Display these posters around the room and discuss how knowing something about your family’s past contributes to your identity.
- Explore different kinds of pen pal relationships. Help your class correspond with retired members of your community and record their personal histories. Or use an online service such as Kidlink to help class members establish intercultural pen pal relationships with other young people their age around the world so they can compare life experiences.
- Research the roles of families in different periods of U.S. and/or world history. Have students choose a time period, gather information and write essays on how family roles were affected by events or developments of that time. For example, what impact did industrialization or World War II have on the family? Or, how did the French Revolution change family life in France?
Friendly Letter Writing
This brief description of the purpose and typical content of friendly letter writing also provides links to a page showing the format for friendly letters and a sample friendly letter.
This page describes challenges that arise in mother-daughter relationships and some of the reasons that conflict occurs.
These standards are drawn from “Content Knowledge,” a compilation of content standards and benchmarks for K-12 curriculum by McRel (Mid-continent Research for Education and Learning)
Standard 4: Understands conflict, cooperation and interdependence among individuals, groups and institutions.
Standard 2: Understands the impact of the family on the well-being of individuals and society.
Standard 1: Uses the general skills and strategies of the writing process.
Standard 5: Uses the general skills and strategies of the reading process.
Standard 9: Uses viewing skills and strategies to understand and interpret visual media.
Working with Others
Standard 4: Displays effective interpersonal communication skills.
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Cari Ladd, M.Ed., is an educational writer with a background in secondary education and media development. Previously, she served as PBS Interactive’s director of education, overseeing the development of curricular resources tied to PBS programs, the PBS TeacherSource website (now PBS Teachers), and online teacher professional development services. She has also taught in Maryland and northern Virginia. | <urn:uuid:3e71dedc-f935-412c-911c-6928231b4a97> | CC-MAIN-2017-09 | http://www.pbs.org/pov/bronxprincess/lesson-plan/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-09/segments/1487501170741.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20170219104610-00346-ip-10-171-10-108.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.938377 | 2,148 | 2.859375 | 3 |
The human nervous system is a sprawling network of nerves and cells which, together, regulate all of the vital functions that take place in our bodies. The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the parasympathetic nervous system (PSNS) are both components of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Together, they regulate the involuntary and reflexive functions of the human body.
The PSNS controls the ‘rest and digest’ functions of the body and maintains the body’s internal environment. It is responsible for regulating digestive and sexual function while keeping heart rate and blood pressure steady. The SNS is the driving force behind the ‘fight or flight’ response and triggers a number of physiological changes that prepare the body to confront or flee a perceived threat.
Sympathetic Nervous System
Parasympathetic Nervous System
|Originates in the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord
|Originates in the sacral region of the spinal cord and the medulla
|Controls body’s response to perceived threats
|Regulates the body’s functions at rest
|Fight or flight
|Rest and digest
|Release of adrenaline
|Effect on heart rate
|Increases heart rate
|Decreases heart rate
|Effect on lungs
|Bronchial tubes dilate
|Bronchial tubes contract
|Effect on muscles
|Effect on pupils
|Effect on digestive system
|Digestive function decreases
|Digestive function increases
|Effect on saliva production
|Saliva production decreases
|Saliva production increases
|Effect on mucus production
|Mucus production decreases
|Mucus production increases
|Effect on urine secretion
|Urine secretion decreases
|Urine secretion increases
|Effect on glycogen to glucose conversion
|Increased conversion of glycogen to glucose
What Does the Parasympathetic Nervous System Do?
The PSNS regulates the functions of your organs and glands at rest, otherwise known as the ‘rest and digest’ or ‘feed and breed’ activities. Put simply, the PSNS keeps your bodily functions working as they should. It keeps your heart rate and blood pressure steady while stimulating activities related to digestive and sexual function. These include the production of saliva, tears, and urine, digestion, defecation, and sexual arousal.
Key Effects of the Parasympathetic Nervous System
- Saliva production increases
- Mucus production increases
- Motility of the large and small intestines increases
- Activity in the stomach increases
- Urine secretion increases
- Bronchial muscles are contraction
- Pupils are constricted
- Heart rate is decreased
What Does the Sympathetic Nervous System Do?
The SNS is, arguably, even more important than the PSNS because it controls our ‘fight or flight’ response. If we find ourselves in a dangerous situation, it is the SNS that prepares us to save ourselves by either fighting the threat or running away from it. When confronted with a potential threat, the SNS directs energy away from non-essential functions (like the digestive system) and towards functions that are essential to survival.
First, the hormone adrenaline is released from the adrenal gland. As adrenaline flows through your bloodstream, it causes several physiological changes in the body that prepare it to fight or flee.
Heart rate and blood pressure are both increased. This boosts the flow of oxygenated blood to the muscles, which contract, ready for action. At the same time, the bronchial tubes dilate, increasing airflow in and out of the lungs and sending extra oxygen to the brain to improve alertness. The pupils also dilate, which allows more light to enter your eyes so you can see your surroundings more clearly.
All of these responses happen quickly and involuntarily, allowing you to react rapidly to the perceived threat. For example, if you see a car speeding towards you, you may leap out of the way before you have even fully registered what is happening, all thanks to the actions of the SNS.
Key Effects of the Sympathetic Nervous System
- Adrenaline is released
- Heart rate increases
- Blood pressure increases
- Bronchial tubes dilate
- Glycogen is converted to glucose at an increased rate
- Pupils dilate
- Muscles contract
- Saliva production decreases
- Mucus production decreases
- Urine Secretion decreases
- Activity in the stomach decreases
- Motility of the large and small intestine decreases
What is the Autonomic Nervous System?
The SNS and PSNS are the two main parts of the autonomic nervous system (ANS), which controls the functions of our internal organs. All of the functions of the ANS are involuntary and reflexive, so we don’t always notice its effects on our bodies.
When the PSNS branch of the ANS is activated, the body is focused on ‘rest and digest’ or ‘feed and breed’ activities. The SNS stimulates the ‘fight or flight’ response and directs energy away from ‘rest and digest’ functions and towards those essential for survival. Together, both branches of the ANS regulate the vital activities of the internal organs when at rest and when under threat. | <urn:uuid:0d28564c-261e-4943-a848-973b40564113> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://biologydictionary.net/sympathetic-vs-parasympathetic-nervous-system/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947473347.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20240220211055-20240221001055-00070.warc.gz | en | 0.880369 | 1,116 | 3.78125 | 4 |
June 20, 2018
Week 4 (June 11-15) has brought us some interesting finds that will enrich the picture we have of the neighborhood for the period immediately predating the monumentalization of the Sanctuary.
Work in Trench B focused on the sector delimited by the foundation of the party wall of the original E portico and the structure that replaced it in the Flavian reconstruction. The latter was built up using the same opus reticulatum technique seen in the superstructure, demonstrating that the construction fills below the early Roman floor level had been completely removed before the area was backfilled again. The excavation of the Flavian deposits revealed a foundation incorporated in the early Roman structure and presumably truncated in the final phase (fig. 1). The foundation, oriented N-S, was probably part of the same complex whose remains were found in Trench A in 2017, just E of the N-S street that divided the neighborhood into two city-blocks.
In Trench II S we reached the 2nd c. BCE levels across the entire sector. We identified and emptied the spoliation trench of the N-S wall separating the building from W sidewalk of the street, revealing parts of its original foundation (pappamonte blocks) and superstructure (in clay-based mortared rubble of limestone revetted with plaster) (fig. 2). This wall seems to be the earliest feature so far attested in the area. W of it are other walls built with limestone opus incertum paved with cocciopesto, badly damaged by a large and deep spoliation cut filled with building debris and ceramics (SU 2986). Special finds from the obliteration layers included frequent fragments of plaster decoration in the First Style, pertaining to both walls and ceilings (fig. 3-4), and miniature vessels (fig. 5).
In its last phase of occupation, the structure was repurposed to accommodate at least two separate tile features, which can be tentatively interpreted as fireplaces or ovens (fig. 6). In the final week of work at the site we will concentrate on the study of this sector and associated deposits.
We had more visits from friends and colleagues, including the UGA Rome program led by Elena Bacchielli. Last few chances to come see us! We will start backfilling on Thursday June 21. | <urn:uuid:b006e4f7-4240-4863-8c6d-bd09dfffc570> | CC-MAIN-2021-04 | https://www.archaeological.org/pompeii-2018-week-4/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-04/segments/1610703511903.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20210117081748-20210117111748-00084.warc.gz | en | 0.955384 | 482 | 2.734375 | 3 |
Many people equate justice exclusively with the workings of the criminal justice system. While it encompasses this, it means much more. Disadvantaged populations experience justice when they feel empowered and engaged in the systems that govern and protect them. This means having a voice in civic affairs and political processes. It also means feeling—and being—safe and secure, with recourse to pursue justice when/if a crime is committed against you.
Our indicators under the Justice theme explore how disadvantaged groups experience significant disparities in the topic areas of Safety and Victimization, Fairness of the Justice System, Political Power, and Civic Engagement.
You can see a snapshot of the indicators averaged in this theme in the chart to your right and then visit the sections below for more detail and additional findings. | <urn:uuid:4f4643cc-8070-4cdf-b55a-97fa59bb7b30> | CC-MAIN-2019-26 | http://nyc.equalityindicators.org/themes/justice/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560627999838.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20190625132645-20190625154645-00033.warc.gz | en | 0.946869 | 155 | 3.390625 | 3 |
Feb 09,2006 00:00
(NewsUSA) - While the Internet offers a world of information for kids, it also presents great dangers from online sexual predators.
Every year, one in five children receives a sexual solicitation or approach over the Internet. With millions of children in chat rooms and sending instant messages, parents must take action to protect their kids.
A recent survey of young people revealed the following statistics about how parents are supervising their children's online time: More than half of young people (53 percent) say their parents never ask them about whom they are talking to on the Internet, and 55 percent say their parents never surf the Internet with them.
Boys & Girls Clubs of America has partnered with the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children to create NetSmartz (www.netsmartz.org), an interactive, educational safety resource for children ages 5 to 17. Parents, guardians, educators and law enforcement personnel can access age-appropriate, 3-D activities to teach children how to stay safer on the Internet.
Here are some Internet safety tips for parents:
With the support of Microsoft, BGCA also has implemented the Club Tech program in more than 3,700 Boys & Girls Clubs nationwide. Club Tech's goal is to "technology enable" every club by providing software, curriculum and computer training for staff and youth.
New technology centers are becoming available online every week, teaching basic computer skills and Internet safety. | <urn:uuid:a80117d0-4987-4f42-9b16-65655c09bb31> | CC-MAIN-2015-32 | http://www.bendweekly.com/print/45.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-32/segments/1438042990445.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20150728002310-00113-ip-10-236-191-2.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.937638 | 295 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Coffin-Lowry syndrome is a condition that affects many parts of the body. The signs and symptoms are usually more severe in males than in females, although the features of this disorder range from very mild to severe in affected women.
Males with Coffin-Lowry syndrome typically have severe to profound intellectual disability and delayed development. Affected women may be cognitively normal, or they may have intellectual disability ranging from mild to profound. Beginning in childhood or adolescence, some people with this condition experience brief episodes of collapse when excited or startled by a loud noise. These attacks are called stimulus-induced drop episodes (SIDEs).
Most affected males and some affected females have distinctive facial features including a prominent forehead, widely spaced and downward-slanting eyes, a short nose with a wide tip, and a wide mouth with full lips. These features become more pronounced with age. Soft hands with short, tapered fingers are also characteristic of Coffin-Lowry syndrome. Additional features of this condition include short stature, an unusually small head (microcephaly), progressive abnormal curvature of the spine (kyphoscoliosis), and other skeletal abnormalities.
The incidence of this condition is uncertain, but researchers estimate that the disorder affects 1 in 40,000 to 50,000 people.
Mutations in the RPS6KA3 gene cause Coffin-Lowry syndrome. This gene provides instructions for making a protein that is involved in signaling within cells. Researchers believe that this protein helps control the activity of other genes and plays an important role in the brain. The protein is involved in cell signaling pathways that are required for learning, the formation of long-term memories, and the survival of nerve cells. Gene mutations result in the production of little or no RPS6KA3 protein, but it is unclear how a lack of this protein causes the signs and symptoms of Coffin-Lowry syndrome.
Some people with the features of Coffin-Lowry syndrome do not have identified mutations in the RPS6KA3 gene. In these cases, the cause of the condition is unknown.
This condition is inherited in an X-linked dominant pattern. A condition is considered X-linked if the mutated gene that causes the disorder is located on the X chromosome, one of the two sex chromosomes. The inheritance is dominant if one copy of the altered gene in each cell is sufficient to cause the condition. In most cases, males (who have one X chromosome in each cell) experience more severe signs and symptoms of the disorder than females (who have two X chromosomes in each cell). A characteristic of X-linked inheritance is that fathers cannot pass X-linked traits to their sons.
Between 70 percent and 80 percent of people with Coffin-Lowry syndrome have no history of the condition in their families. These cases are caused by new mutations in the RPS6KA3 gene. The remaining 20 percent to 30 percent of affected individuals have other family members with Coffin-Lowry syndrome.
- Mental retardation with osteocartilaginous abnormalities | <urn:uuid:9948ffd7-a2be-4abf-9ac3-8e8c71dda2ae> | CC-MAIN-2019-51 | https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/coffin-lowry-syndrome | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-51/segments/1575540507109.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20191208072107-20191208100107-00461.warc.gz | en | 0.944303 | 616 | 3.765625 | 4 |
An Ephemeral River, Viewed From Space
This ephemeral river may only last a few days a year, but it’s life sustaining.
Go to the Ugab river basin in the African country of Namibia, and you probably won’t find a raging flow. For most of the year, the area is a caked and baked desert, but as this artistically colored satellite image shows, the river’s wavy imprint on the landscape is unmistakable.
The Ugab is an ephemeral river, an episodic phenomenon that occurs in various arid regions around the globe. Unlike permanent systems such as the Amazon or Colorado rivers, which are fed year-round by substantial rainfall or melting alpine snows, ephemeral rivers form from seasonal precipitation. (See another picture of the Ugab here.)
“They’ll show up anywhere where rainfall is below about 20 inches per year,” such as desert areas in Australia, the Southwestern United States, and sub-Saharan Africa, according to Jim Gore, a professor at the University of Tampa who studies river ecology. When these waterways appear and how long they last is unpredictable—one might flow for a few days, only to disappear entirely for years at a time, says Gore.
The Ugab materializes in the Namib Desert, South Africa’s driest region—there are no permanent water sources—located in the northwestern part of the country. Big storms fuel the river by dumping loads of rain on a plateau above the desert, according to Paul Angermeier, a U.S. Geological Survey scientist and a professor at Virginia Tech University, who has visited the area. If there’s sufficient runoff, “it flows above the surface for only a few days or weeks per year” toward the Atlantic coast, he says.
The Ugab’s short-lived waterway is “a critical lifeline for both people and critters,” Angermeier says, especially because the riverbed holds onto water long after it stops flowing over the surface. People living near the Ugab grow vegetable gardens on its wet banks, and the critically endangered black rhinoceros relies on the river for hydration as well as the vegetation it sustains.
The cycle of wet and dry that characterizes ephemeral rivers such as the Ugab creates a unique ecological niche. Various invertebrate species, including shrimp-like crustaceans and insects, have evolved ways to escape the dry periods by developing life stages that can survive in the sand without water, Gore says. Ephemeral rivers are also home to tardigrades, or, water bears, a hardy, microscopic creature that can survive in the most extreme environments on earth and even in the vacuum of space. | <urn:uuid:014f104e-40fa-41e3-af76-f059b9aab88b> | CC-MAIN-2017-09 | http://www.sciencefriday.com/articles/picture-of-the-week-ugab-river/?series=31 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-09/segments/1487501171004.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20170219104611-00207-ip-10-171-10-108.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.938821 | 578 | 3.890625 | 4 |
What is Equalization?
Equalization is the raising, or lowering, of the government assessed value of taxed property.
What is the Purpose of Equalization?
The purpose of equalization is to ensure that taxes for taxable property are a uniform percentage of the property's government assessed value across different tax districts. Equalization prevents against paying high property taxes in one tax district, while paying low property taxes in another tax district for the same piece of property.
When is Equalization an Issue?
Equalization issues typically arise in three contexts:
If you own taxable property, are going through a divorce or separation, and live in a different tax district than your partner and other owner of the taxable property, then equalization may become an issue for you.
Jointly Owned Property
If you and another person or persons own taxable property together, and you live in a different tax district than the other owner or owners, equalization may become an issue for you.
Multiple Tax Districts
If the same taxable property is subject to multiple property taxes at the same time (state, county, and also a city taxes for example), then equalization may become an issue for you.
How are Equalization Issues Decided?
Each state or municipality has its own administrative agency, usually called a Board of Tax and Appeals, which makes the specific findings regarding your taxable property's market value. They also decide what the equalization ratio between two tax districts should be. A separate agency, usually called a Board of Equalization and Assessments, has the power to actually change your tax liability for that tax district in regard to the taxable property.
Do I Need an Attorney for an Equalization Issue?
Because of the highly technical nature of equalization, it is strongly recommended that you find a tax attorney to represent your interest. Only they will be able to adequately explain the issue, advise you of your rights, and guide you through the process of equalization.
Consult a Lawyer - Present Your Case Now!
Last Modified: 11-28-2011 04:39 PM PST
Did you find this article informative? | <urn:uuid:2af6a395-c4af-4d24-a117-08bf596cf85e> | CC-MAIN-2014-10 | http://www.legalmatch.com/law-library/article/equalization.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-10/segments/1393999654758/warc/CC-MAIN-20140305060734-00017-ip-10-183-142-35.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957848 | 435 | 3.09375 | 3 |
Opponents of the use of methyl bromide for treating log and timber exports say recapturing the gas to prevent its release into the atmosphere should be the priority in a newly announced research programme.
The Government is contributing half of the cost of the $2.5 million programme, spread over five years, which aims to find ways of reducing and eventually replacing methyl bromide as a fumigant.
The highly toxic chemical is being phased out internationally because it's an ozone-depleting substance which has also been linked to cancer and other diseases.
The Soil and Health Association is highly critical of the small amount of funding and the lack of urgency in the research timetable, which it says ignores the continuing health risks from using the chemical.
It says finding alternatives to methyl bromide is the best solution, but the immediate focus should be on recaptuing the gas to prevent its escape into the environment.
However Gordon Hosking, who chairs the methyl bromide reduction stake-holders' group, says that's part of the research programme.
A small scale commercial system for recapturing the gas onto activated charcoal, and there are problems, as disposal of the charcoal is an issue, he says.
The programme aims to look at whether there are other ways to recapture the fumigant.
Soil and Health spokesperson Steffan Browning says there needs to be a lot more urgency in that work.
Mr Hosking says in the longer term, it may be possible to design pest management systems that avoid fumigation altogether, an option that the Soil and Health Association supports. | <urn:uuid:20cdd17f-9d52-4529-a503-7f55546ac289> | CC-MAIN-2018-30 | http://www.radionz.co.nz/news/rural/67592/methyl-bromide-recapture-'should-be-priority' | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-30/segments/1531676594954.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20180723051723-20180723071723-00546.warc.gz | en | 0.953835 | 330 | 2.78125 | 3 |
RESEARCH: Bioactive ingredients from industrial hemp will be used in new research to optimise the diets for sows and piglets, thus reducing post-weaning diarrhoea, the use of antibiotics and piglet mortality.
The pig industry in Denmark is challenged by high piglet mortality which is very costly for the industry. But now scientists from Aarhus University will be testing a new strategy in an effort to reduce mortality and to enhance animal welfare.
It is the industrial variety of hemp that scientists and a number of industrial partners are putting their faith into with the aid of a 6.7 million DKK (€8.9 mln) grant from the Green Development and Demonstration Programme under the Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries.
Hemp contains protein, fibre and fatty acids of a very high nutritional value plus some potentially immuno-modulating substances that present a hitherto untapped bioactive resource for pigs. In the project we will focus on the potential in using protein and oil from industrial hemp as a special feed and feed supplement for piglets and sows. The cold-pressed therapeutic hemp seed oil and protein may help solve the production challenges of post-weaning scours and early mortality due to their unique ingredients, explains project leader and section manager at the Department of Animal Science, Charlotte Lauridsen.
In the project we will focus on the potential in using protein and oil from industrial hemp as a special feed and feed supplement for piglets and sows. The cold-pressed therapeutic hemp seed oil and protein may help solve the production challenges of post-weaning scours and early mortality due to their unique ingredients, explains project leader and section manager at the Department of Animal Science, Charlotte Lauridsen.
The rationale for the project is the positive experience from a pig farm where a hemp oil product was added to the diet of piglets and weaners. This led to a marked improvement in piglet survival and it is this improvement that the project participants hope to copy.
Before the effect of the hemp products can be tested in the project, processes need to be developed to remove THC from hemp (THC = tetrahydrocannabinol – a psychoactive substance that is found only in low concentrations in industrial hemp and is therefore useless for recreational purposes) so that the hemp can be used for animal feed. The project will look at the effect of hemp on piglet survival. This is done by supplementing hemp to the lactation diet for sows, which via the colostrum will provide energy and vitamin E to piglets and raise their concentration of immunoglobulin and thus their resistance to infections. Particularly energy depots and vitamin E levels are low in newborn pigs.
The project will also explore the effect of substances in hemp on post-weaning diarrhoea and the growth potential of piglets.
Fatty acid composition, protein allocation and the content and composition of fibres are important for intestinal health and immune response in pigs during the critical postweaning period. The hemp plant contains substances with therapeutic properties that are of interest for the control of inflammation of the intestines due to infection, says Charlotte Lauridsen.
Project participants estimate that the commercial utilisation of hemp products can reduce piglet mortality by 1.5 pigs per litter and that the incidence of post-weaning diarrhoea can likewise be reduced and thus the consumption of antibiotics.
E. coli is the leading cause of diarrhoea in the first few weeks post weaning, and we expect that hemp products can reduce mortality. At the same time, it is estimated that the majority of the antibiotics consumed is used to treat gastrointestinal disorders in pigs, and these disorders are therefore the major causes of the use of antibiotics in pig production, says Charlotte Lauridsen and continues:
Supplementation with hemp products will hopefully result in fewer outbreaks of postweaning diarrhoea and will improve the health of the gastrointestinal tract in piglets, which in turn will lead to a reduced need for antibiotic treatment. In addition to the expected effects on mortality, post-weaning diarrhoea and animal welfare, the project participants believe the cultivation of hemp also offers environmental benefits since its cultivation does not require pesticides.
The project started on 1 January 2014 and will run until 31 July 2017. | <urn:uuid:e438d117-5cb7-4760-af87-d37ed18713cf> | CC-MAIN-2019-26 | https://hempwell.com/hemp-may-help-reduce-piglet-mortality-and-diarrhoea/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560628000306.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20190626114215-20190626140215-00434.warc.gz | en | 0.933717 | 873 | 2.796875 | 3 |
The word Gambaru in Japanese means doing one’s best and hanging on to the bitter end. This means that students gambaru study hard to pass exams, athletes gambaru practice hard to wins games, and company workers gambaru work hard to increase sales. It also means to work hard or patiently, to insist on having one’s way, and to occupy one place and never leave, as in relation to working on a job or at a place of employment. Gambaru is also rooted in the following proverb, «The monk who does not work should not eat.»
There is an imperative form of «gambaru, which is Gambare or Gambette. The imperative term connotes high achievement, motivation, and orientation to group harmony. The term is also used among members to encourage others in group activity.
The Japanese people use the term gambare quite often and for various reasons. They normally use the term at least once per day with saying good-bye and also at the ending of a letter. The Japanese also use this expression to encourage one another with the implication of «Please keep up your hard work until your goal is achieved.»
The term is also used in many situations as a form of expression. The Japanese may use the expression in the initial states of a project. For example:
a) After the earthquake in Kobe, Japan, the slogan Gambare Kobe was used to encourage the people of Kobe to reconstruct their city and rebuild their lives.
b) Japanese people also use the expression among group members to encourage one another in cooperative activities. For example, during track and field days at school, children can be heard shouting «gambare» or «gambatte» to encourage their friends in the race.
c) Japanese people also use the expression as spectators to cheer on their team. For example, in the 1998 World Cup soccer match held in France, the Japanese spectators cheered the slogan Gambare Nippon! During the championship, the slogan was used on TV programs and commercials every day.
The literal meaning of gambaru is «to adhere to something with tenacity.» It is a very popular term used when encouraging someone undertaking a very difficult task. Additional meanings are: Hang in there, Don’t give up, Do your best, and Give it your all! The term also means work hard and patiently. Additionally, it exhorts enthusiasm and hard work from others.
Gamburu also has some additional meaning, some of which could be considered as negative connotations. Based on the denotation form of the word, it also means «to insist on having one’s ways,» and «to occupy one place and never leave.» Additionally, the word is derived from ga-o-haru, which means «to be self-willed.» This expression originally had a negative connotation of asserting oneself against group decisions and norms.
One may ask if other languages have the equivalent of gambari. According to Amanuma (1987, pp. 51-53), gambari, which is derived from gambaru, does not have any exact equivalent in non-Japanese languages. Additionally, Amanuma states, «Even though both Chinese and Korean have the characters that make up gambaru (gambari is derived from gambaru), they do not have expressions that possess the same nuances. This suggests that gambaru is an expression that is unique to Japan and expresses certain qualities of the Japanese character.
There are various proverbs that may show a difference between Japanese culture and American culture as it relates to the virtues of Gambaru. One proverb based on Japanese culture states, «The monk who does not work should not eat.» This speaks to the fact that one must work and that through working one is able to live. The Japanese did not take into account play or free time in this proverb, unlike Americas in the following proverb.
Alternatively, an American proverb states, «All work and no play make Jack a dull boy.» This implies that one does not have to work but rest and play. It places play and work in the same category, and on the same level which equate to virtue. The account of play in this proverb gives the Japanese a feeling of uneasiness regarding the virtues of Gambaru in American terms.
© Joseph S. Spence, Sr., 8/16/09
© All Rights Reserved
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The word ‘Jihad’ has commonly been mistranslated as ‘war against unbelievers’ or equated to ‘terrorism’. The Arabic word ‘Jihad’ literally means ‘struggle’ or ‘strive to’ – that is, to exert oneself one way or another. It also pertains to doing good, and to fight evil, physically and mentally. Jihad can also apply when speaking a good word, or removing an obstacle on the road so that people do not get hurt. These are various meanings to the word ‘Jihad’. Let’s turn to the Qur’an and see what it says on the word,
So do not obey the disbelievers, and strive against them with the Qur’an a great striving. [Quran 25:52]
So,the act of preaching and Islamic propagation using the Qur’an is Jihad.Hence, it is understood that the word JIHAD means strive and struggle.
Now in this post of mine I will discuss only Physical Jihad. Jihad as is mandated in the Qur’an is used to maintain or restore order, peace and security or to remove oppression and injustice.Muslims are allowed to fight for the sake of God, but when are they allowed to do so, can they simply go out and fight for no reason? The answer is no, and the rules are found within the Qur’an. The Qur’an explicitly tells us when we are allowed to fight.Those are as follows:
“Fight in the way of Allah those who fight you but do not transgress. Indeed. Allah does not like transgressors.” [2:190]
So here we have a clear stipulation as to when Muslims can fight, and it is when the Muslim himself is attacked, thereby he has a right to defend himself and fight back. Surely one cannot attack such a principal? In what part of that verse do we see any teaching that is vile, evil, or wrongfully violent? It is clearly a teaching of self defence, to fight back against an oppressor, who has attacked you.
Next Quran tells us,
“And what is [the matter] with you that you fight not in the cause of Allah and [for] the oppressed among men, women, and children who say, “Our Lord, take us out of this city of oppressive people and appoint for us from Yourself a protector and appoint for us from Yourself a helper?” [4:75]
Indeed, why should you not fight for the oppressed people who are crying for help and justice?Such a war would be not for violence but for the mercy for the weak people. Islam, which is against cruelty, advice believers to serve as a protector and mercy showing people for people under oppression. And in case of peace; Allah orders believers to be just and good. The aim here is to keep peace continuity against war.
The mission of the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) was to free people from tyranny and exploitation by oppressive systems. Once free, individuals in the society were then free to chose Islam or not. Prophet Muhammad’s (pbuh) successors continued in his footsteps and went to help oppressed people. For example, after the repeated call by the oppressed people of Spain to the Muslims for help, Spain was liberated by Muslim forces and the tyrant rulers removed. After the conquest of Syria and Iraq by the Muslims, the Christian population of Hims reportedly said to the Muslims:
“We like your rule and justice far better than the state of oppression and tyranny under which we have been living.” [Hitti, Philip K., HISTORY OF THE ARABS, St. Martin’s Press, New York, 1970, p. 153]
The defeated rulers of Syria were Roman Christians, and Iraq was ruled by Zoarastrian Persians.
Next, Quran tells us,
“Would you not fight a people who broke their oaths and determined to expel the Messenger, and they had begun [the attack upon] you the first time? Do you fear them? But Allah has more right that you should fear Him, if you are [truly] believers. Fight them; Allah will punish them by your hands and will disgrace them and give you victory over them and satisfy the breasts of a believing people. And remove the fury in the believers’ hearts. And Allah turns in forgiveness to whom He wills; and Allah is Knowing and Wise.” [Quran 9:13-15]
So, this verse is about Repelling the aggression of those who attack the Muslims.
Next, Quran tells us,
“Fight those who do not believe in Allah or in the Last Day and who do not consider unlawful what Allah and His Messenger have made unlawful and who do not adopt the religion of truth from those who were given the Scripture – [fight] until they give the jizyah willingly while they are humbled.”[ Quran 9:29]
Next Quran tells us,
“Permission [to fight] has been given to those who are being fought, because they were wronged. And indeed, Allah is competent to give them victory. [They are] those who have been evicted from their homes without right – only because they say, ‘Our Lord is Allah’…..” [Quran 22:39-40]
The Qur’an permits fighting to defend the religion of Islam and the Muslims. This permission includes fighting in self-defense and for the protection of family and property.Once again we see a clear stipulation of when physical Jihad can be done, which is when a person attacks you, oppresses you, and kicks you out of your home on account of your religion. If such an act is done against a Muslim, and the Muslim has the power to fight back, then the Muslim has every right to do so. Surely there is no evil and wrong in that, if a person comes and declares war on you, and fights you, all on account of your religious faith, then surely you have a right to fight back and defend yourself. This is common sense, common logic, and how reality works; this is what we call justice.
Finally, Quran tells us,
“Allah does not forbid you from those who do not fight you because of religion and do not expel you from your homes – from being righteous toward them and acting justly toward them. Indeed, Allah loves those who act justly.” [Quran 60:8]
In this verse we are told we should only fight those who fight us because we are MUSLIMS and for that they expel us from our homes. But those who are peaceful and didn’t persecute us, we should do no harm to them.
So with all of this we have seen when physical Jihad can be done.
Further Reading : | <urn:uuid:b51d2ce0-ee68-438a-b93e-39fedad9bd8e> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | https://izhaarulhaqq.wordpress.com/2016/10/25/first-blog-post/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257647299.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20180320052712-20180320072712-00627.warc.gz | en | 0.969007 | 1,436 | 2.8125 | 3 |
Software is unique in the sense it is intangible and highly malleable. It is intangible because we can not touch it. The best we can do is to look at the files. Software is malleable because it is so easy to change it, either by design or by mistake. And it is equally easy to damage it. These unique qualities pose demanding requirements on Software Configuration Management.
It is instructive to compare software development with an engineering activity like building a bridge. In case of building a bridge, the major activities are study of requirements, project design, structural design, manufacture of structures, actually building the bridge and testing it. In software, there are activities like study of requirements, system design, software design, coding and testing. So there is a lot of similarity. In case of bridge building, there are desk activities like project design, design, preparation of drawings, etc. There are elaborate systems of configuration management for outputs of these activities. In case of software, almost all work is desk work. So, taking a clue from engineering, we need good methods of configuration management for outputs of software related activities.
The most important activities of the life cycle of a software system are programming, testing and deployment of the system. A software product or system undergoes many revisions during its life cycle. We need to take steps so that there is no regression in chronological system versions and we work efficiently with multiple developers at multiple locations. Software Configuration Management needs an elaborate system for Source Code Management (SCM). There are software Revision Control Systems that help in managing the source code. Examples of such systems are Source Code Control System (SCCS), developed by Marc Rochkind (1972), Revision Control System (RCS), originally developed by Walter F. Tichy (1982), Concurrent Versions System (CVS) (1990), Apache Subversion (SVN) (2000) and Git, originally developed by Linus Torvalds (2005).
2.0 AN EXAMPLE
Consider a hypothetical example of Alice, a solo programmer, developing a Simple Software Product (SSP). Alice periodically releases progressive versions of SSP as she adds new functions to this software and refines the existing ones. The SSP development and release diagram looks like this.
Fig. 1 Project development tree
The rectangles in the above figure represent release of an SSP version. The arrows between the rectangles represent the development work between releases.
So, what are the configuration management issues here? The basic source code management issues are relevant even in a project as simple as this.
2.1 Software must not regress
As Alice releases new a software version her major concern is that any of the functionality offered by the previous version should not be lost. As software is highly malleable, it is quite possible that some text gets deleted accidentally during editing which breaks an earlier working function of SSP. Like many others in the software field, Alice uses informal methods for SCM. Before releasing a version, she compares its files with that of the previous version using the diff command,
diff -Nur new-version previous-version > differences-for-new-version
The differences-for-new-version file gives all the changes that have been made in the software since the last release. Alice examines this file carefully and once satisfied that the changes are genuine, she goes ahead with the release. She also keeps an archive of the software released for each version along with some documentation like the work done in a version in multiple safe places.
2.2 Difficulties with Manual SCM
There are some inherent difficulties with manual source code management. It is tedious, requires considerable effort and is prone to errors. Our efficiency in doing SCM manually is quite low. Since it requires effort, there will be reluctance to go through the entire version making workflow for small changes. This might result in lower end-user satisfaction. Also, one might miss some documentation during a version release. Or, for a small change, one might skip the version control workflow. If something goes drastically wrong with the software, we will be reluctant to go to an earlier version because we will not know which version to go back to and how much functionality would be lost in the process.
Normally, we are interested in configuration management of only some of the files like source files, configuration files and, say, some data files. In the version directory tree, there are a lot of files, like object and executable files, which are generated by the system. The above diff command finds differences between all the files in the directory tree and the output might be voluminous. That is another difficulty with the manual version control as we cannot, at least that easily, identify the files which should be put under configuration management.
2.3 Working in a team
Once SSP grows to a size, Alice would certainly need some help in development and testing activities. More people bring in new ideas and specialized expertise. So, after sometime, Bob and Carol, try SSP, find it interesting and feel that it can do better with some more functions. They discuss with Alice and the one-programmer effort grows into a three person teamwork. The development tree now looks like this.
Fig. 2 Project development tree for the team
Now, the work is being done in parallel on the project. There are multiple branches of development. Alice, being the original developer, is still responsible for overall progress of the project. She maintains the master branch of development of software, which has all the functionality and from which software versions of SSP are released. Bob works in parallel, takes version 1.2 and adds his code to it. After some time, Bob has a version b1, which has version 1.2 plus Bob's work till date. Bob continues his work and finishes with his version b2. In the meantime, Alice has done some more work and released version 1.4 and Carol has started a new branch of development, starting with the base version 1.3. Of course, any two versions on different branches have the common functionality of a common ancestor and additional functionality of the individual work done on the branch.
Bob's version b2 needs to be merged with the master version so that the additional functionality of b2 becomes available in the next version release. Since Bob started with version 1.2, we can find delta (b2 - 1.2) , which is,
diff -Nur version-b2 version-1.2 > delta-b2-1.2
The work remaining is to add delta-b2-1.2 to the version 1.4 and arrive at version 1.5, which can be released. This can be done using a combination of manual editing, the patch command, and examining the differences between the versions 1.5 and 1.4, and also between versions 1.4 and 1.2.
interestingly, the merge process to some extent depends upon the software architecture. If Alice and Bob's work are totally distinct, that is the problem has been so divided, that there is hardly any coupling between their work, the merge is much easier and can possibly be done mechanically. If if it is other way round, like they share some code and the variables, the merge becomes more difficult and requires more of manual effort.
Once again, we may note that the part of the difficulty is because SCM is being done manually. If we use a SCM system like Subversion or Git, the tools help in merging and the SCM process becomes much easier. The advantages of accuracy, saving in effort and overall quality make a strong case for using a SCM system for software revision control. | <urn:uuid:8ea0b218-b994-4250-85da-93670469f12c> | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | https://www.softprayog.in/software-engineering/software-configuration-management | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296948976.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20230329120545-20230329150545-00253.warc.gz | en | 0.950205 | 1,584 | 2.734375 | 3 |
Ron Lembo (Section 01)
(Offered as BLST 336 [US] and SOCI 334) The passage of civil rights legislation in 1964 and 1965 was a defining moment in American race relations. By comparison to what preceded it, the post-civil rights era amounted to a great social transformation, leading many to assert ours is now a “colorblind” culture. This course will use the idea of colorblind culture to examine the changing role of race and racism in the contemporary United States. We will examine specific claims that United States culture is, or is not, colorblind, while exploring the social structural, institutional, and broader cultural factors that shape present-day race relations.
Requisite: Sociology 112 or equivalent. Limited to 20 students. Spring semester. Professor Lembo.
If Overenrolled: First priority given to senior and junior Sociology majors, then BLST majors, and then seniors and juniors. | <urn:uuid:11e1a3e7-92ae-4c48-be2c-a14af4a02fee> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://acalert.amherst.edu/academiclife/departments/courses/1314S/SOCI/SOCI-334-1314S | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573197.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818124424-20220818154424-00262.warc.gz | en | 0.892805 | 193 | 3.109375 | 3 |
Alexander III and the Story Behind the World’s Most Expensive Eggs
Unless you happen to be a Russian history buff, you probably don’t know much about Czar Alexander III. But if you’re a fan of Fabergé eggs, you have him (and Carl Fabergé, of course) to thank for them.
In 1885 the emperor, or czar, of Russia, Alexander III, placed an order with his jeweler for a decorative Easter egg for his wife, the czarina Marie Feodorovna. Alexander had given his wife jeweled Easter eggs before: Easter was the most important holiday on the Russian Orthodox calendar, and eggs were traditionally given as gifts. But this year’s egg would be different, because Alexander placed his order with a new jeweler: 38-year-old Carl Fabergé.
Fabergé differed from other jewelers who served the Imperial court in that he was more interested in clever design and exquisite craftsmanship than in merely festooning his creations with gold and precious gems (though his eggs would have plenty of those) without showing much imagination. “Expensive things interest me little if the value is merely in so many diamonds and pearls,” he said.
That first Imperial Easter egg was very plain indeed, but only on the surface: known today simply as the 1885 Hen Egg, it was 2½ inches long and made of gold but had a plain white enamel shell to give it the appearance of an ordinary duck egg. When the two halves of the egg were pulled apart, they revealed a golden yolk that in turn opened to reveal a golden hen “surprise” sitting on a nest of golden straw. The hen was hinged at its tail feathers and split open to reveal a small golden replica of the Imperial crown; hanging from the crown was a tiny ruby pendant that Marie Feodorovna could wear around her neck on a gold chain that came with the egg.
Marie Feodorovna loved the egg, and for the rest of his life, Czar Alexander bought all of her Easter eggs from Fabergé. Alexander gave the jeweler great latitude in designing the eggs and set only three requirements: 1) the eggs had to be egg-shaped; 2) they had to contain a surprise; and 3) Fabergé’s designs could not repeat themselves. Those three requirements aside, Fabergé was free to do whatever he wanted. The jeweler made a point of not revealing anything to Alexander about each egg until he delivered it a few days before Easter so that the czar could enjoy the suspense as well. “Your Majesty will be content,” was all he’d say.
BY THE DOZEN
Not much is known about the second egg, Hen with Sapphire Pendant, which Fabergé made for 1886; it disappeared in 1922. For his third egg, in 1887 Fabergé made a golden egg not much larger than a hen’s egg. It sat on a gold pedestal with three lion’s paw feet. Pressing a diamond on the front of the egg caused its lid to pop open, revealing a ladies’ watch face inside. The watch was mounted on a hinge and could be tilted upright, allowing the egg to be used as a clock. (More on this egg, which was missing for 90 years, in an article next week.)
In the years that followed, the eggs produced in Fabergé’s workshop became larger and more elaborate as teams of craftsmen worked the entire year, sometimes longer, to complete the eggs. The Danish Palaces Egg for 1890 contained a folding screen comprising 10 miniature paintings of the palaces and royal yachts that Marie Feodorovna, a Danish princess, remembered from her childhood. The 1891 Memory of Azov Egg contained a gold and platinum model of an Imperial Navy ship of the same name, which had taken the future czar Nicholas II and his brother George on a tour of the Far East in 1890. The egg was carved from solid bloodstone (green quartz speckled with red), and the model inside was an exact replica of the Memory of Azov and floated on a blue sea of aquamarine. The ship was accurate down to its diamond portholes, movable deck guns, and tiny gold anchor chain.
TWO OF A KIND
If Fabergé feared losing his best customer when Alexander III died in 1894 at the age of 49, he needn’t have worried. When Alexander’s son Nicholas II came to the throne in November 1894, he doubled the order to two eggs each year: one for his mother, Marie Feodorovna, and one for his wife, the czarina Alexandra. He bought them every year except 1904 and 1905, when the purchases were suspended during the Russo-Japanese War.
Nicholas didn’t let the outbreak of World War I in 1914 stop him from buying Easter eggs, though the wartime eggs were more modest and subdued in design. Both eggs for 1915, for example, had Red Cross themes. He bought two each year until he was forced to abdicate his throne during the Russian Revolution of 1917. By then Fabergé’s workshop had produced 50 Easter eggs for the two czarinas (plus another 15 for other wealthy customers, including England’s Duchess of Marlborough and the Rothschild banking family).
Czarina Marie Feodorovna managed to escape to England, but Nicholas, Alexandra, and their children were not as lucky. They were executed by revolutionaries in the summer of 1918. Carl Fabergé escaped to Switzerland, where he died in 1920. In the chaos of the revolution and the civil war that followed, the royal palaces were ransacked, and any property not looted by mobs was seized by the provisional government and, when it fell, by the Bolsheviks led by Vladimir Lenin. The Fabergé eggs disappeared in the turmoil, some of them never to be seen again.
In 1922 about 40 of the eggs were rediscovered in a government warehouse in Moscow. At the time the government of what had become the Soviet Union needed to raise foreign currency, and over the next decade, all but 10 of the eggs were sold abroad.
Considering how much Fabergé eggs sell for today, it’s remarkable how little they fetched when they first hit the market. But in an age when people like Pablo Picasso and Henri Matisse were stirring up artistic revolutions of their own, the eggs were seen as gaudy, old-fashioned, and vulgar. Museums and most “serious” collectors weren’t interested in them, and for this reason, the earliest buyers were able to snap them up for very little money—in some cases paying only a fraction of what it had cost Fabergé to make them in the first place.
Alexander Schaffer, an American dealer of prerevolutionary Russian artwork, bought the 1903 Peter the Great Egg (a gift from Nicholas II to his wife, Alexandra) from the U.S. Customs Service for about $1,000 ($13,500 today), after the original buyer balked at having to pay import duties. Other dealers thought Schaffer was nuts to pay even that much. In 1930 American businessman Armand Hammer bought 10 eggs for prices ranging from $240 ($3,200) for the 1915 Red Cross Egg to $3,900 ($53,000) for the 1912 Czarevich Egg, both gifts from Nicholas II to Alexandra.
If Hammer hoped to sell his eggs for a quick profit, he was soon disappointed. It took him more than a decade to sell them all, though he did make a bundle. He, Schaffer, and other dealers unloaded their wares on nouveau riche collectors with more money than taste—people like Lillian Thomas Pratt, the wife of a General Motors executive, who bought the first of five Fabergé eggs in 1933. She probably would have bought even more than that had her husband not threatened Armand Hammer with a lawsuit if he sold her any more.
The Post breakfast cereal heiress Marjorie Merriweather Post bought two Fabergé eggs: the 1896 Alexander III Portraits Egg and the 1914 Catherine the Great Egg, both of which were gifts from Nicholas II to his mother. In the 1950s, the Swingline stapler tycoons, Jack and Belle Linsky, amassed a huge collection of Fabergé objects that included the 1893 Caucasus Egg and the 1894 Renaissance Egg, both gifts from Czar Alexander III to his wife, Marie Feodorovna. But when the Linskys showed their prized collection to the director of New York’s Metropolitan Museum of Art, he dismissed the objects as “turn of the century trinkets” and suggested that the couple direct their energy toward “more serious collecting.” The Linskys took his advice and sold every piece of Fabergé they owned.
I AM THE EGG MAN
That the Linskys and other early collectors would come to regret selling their Fabergé eggs too soon and for too little money was due almost entirely to the buying habits of one man: Forbes magazine publisher Malcolm Forbes. He bought his first Fabergé egg, the 1902 Pink Serpent Clock Egg, in 1965. (The egg, then thought to have been one of the Russian Imperial eggs, is now understood to have been commissioned by the Duchess of Marlborough, Consuelo Vanderbilt.) Forbes paid $50,000 for the egg, triple the preauction estimate and a record for a Fabergé egg. He bought his second egg, the 1894 Renaissance Egg, later that same afternoon. In the 15 years that followed, just about every time a Fabergé egg came up for sale, Forbes paid whatever was necessary to add it to his collection. By 1985 he’d pushed the price to nearly $2 million per egg, when he paid $1.7 million for the 1900 Cuckoo Clock Egg.
In February 1990, Forbes died from a heart attack at the age of 70. By then he’d acquired nine Russian Imperial eggs plus three eggs that Fabergé made for other wealthy clients, along with another 180 smaller objects produced in Fabergé’s workshop. The publisher’s death raised an interesting question: Would the eggs hold their value now that he wasn’t there to outbid every other buyer?
In 1992 Forbes’s children passed on the chance to add a tenth Russian Imperial egg to the family collection when the 1907 Love Trophies Egg came up for auction and they didn’t even bid on it. The egg sold for $3.2 million anyway. When the 1913 Winter Egg came up for auction in 1996, they passed again. It sold for $5.6 million…and then for $9.6 million when the new owner put it up for auction in 2002. When the Forbes children decided to auction off their father’s Fabergé collection at Sotheby’s in 2004, a Russian billionaire named Victor Vekselberg swooped in before the auction could be held and bought the entire collection for an undisclosed price estimated to be well over $100 million, pushing the price per egg to around $10 million. Could the value possibly go any higher? Of course. When a Fabergé egg made for the Rothschild banking family went up for auction in 2007, it sold for $18.5 million.
As of 2015, 43 of the 50 Russian Imperial Easter eggs have been found; the other seven are missing. Some may be casualties of either the Russian Revolution, the civil war that followed, or World War II. But others are almost certainly out there. The Third Imperial Egg of 1887, for example, only surfaced in 2004, when a scrap dealer in the American Midwest bought it at an antique sale. Nearly a decade passed before he even realized what it was. More on this next week.
This article is reprinted with permission from Uncle John’s Factastic Bathroom Reader. All of Uncle John’s Bathroom Reader favorites are packed into these 512 glorious pages – from little-known history to the origins of everyday things—plus odd news, weird fads, quirky quotes, mind-bending science, head-scratching blunders, and all sorts of random oddities. Oh yeah, and thousands of incredible facts!
Since 1987, the Bathroom Readers’ Institute has led the movement to stand up for those who sit down and read in the bathroom (and everywhere else for that matter). With more than 15 million books in print, the Uncle John’s Bathroom Reader series is the longest-running, most popular series of its kind in the world.
If you like Today I Found Out, I guarantee you’ll love the Bathroom Reader Institute’s books, so check them out!
|Share the Knowledge!| | <urn:uuid:32441964-0ddc-43b9-a53f-a92e92514f22> | CC-MAIN-2017-26 | https://www.todayifoundout.com/index.php/2016/05/alexander-iii-and-the-story-behind-the-worlds-most-expensive-eggs/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128321025.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20170627064714-20170627084714-00057.warc.gz | en | 0.970586 | 2,686 | 2.625 | 3 |
Alongside the hundreds of little stone buildings that are dotted all over the Yorkshire Dales, the thousands of miles dry stone walls are an equally important feature of the landscape. And whereas the buildings (or cowus’es) are almost totally redundant, the walls are essential to the smooth running of the farm and the flock.
The walls not only enclose the meadows and pastures but snake ever upwards to create the fell wall, the final boundary between in-by land and the open moor.
They are fascinatingly individual and incorporate features such as stiles, thru’les or smoot holes. And what is this strange segment? If walls could talk!
Maintaining and repairing the miles of walls on the farm is an invaluable skill and is something that has been passed down the generations to Chris. Chris recently rebuilt this section of wall. It is now strong and straight and will eastily stand for another 100 years.
Besides forming boundaries the walls are home to insects, small mammals and birds. They are strong and weather proof providing shelter for our sheep from adverse weather. Perhaps most importantly they provide a private place, away from the rest of the flock, for ewes to safely give birth to their lambs. | <urn:uuid:829be5d4-16a5-4266-9d2c-8f7b86c4998a> | CC-MAIN-2021-04 | http://www.upperswaledaleholidays.co.uk/gallery/bed-and-breakfast/dry-stone-walls-and-walling/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-04/segments/1610703514796.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20210118123320-20210118153320-00774.warc.gz | en | 0.947798 | 252 | 2.890625 | 3 |
In addition to discipline-specific reference works, scholarly authors frequently need to cite more general authorities such as English-language dictionaries. This type of work has its own citation rules, which this post will address.
First, however, we wish to reiterate which dictionary SBL Press prefers and how it is to be used. As indicated in the SBLHS section on spelling, “For words other than proper nouns, Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary is the preferred authority” (§22.214.171.124; the latest edition of Merriam-Webster’s is the 11th). In other words, SBL Press publications should conform to the spelling conventions used in Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary. SBLHS further clarifies that, “where multiple spellings are listed, use the first.” Finally, Merriam-Webster’s is also the authority for knowing when to italicize an originally non-English word and when to format it roman (see SBLHS §126.96.36.199, no. 3).
These style preferences pertain only to use of a dictionary for determining the preferred spelling or formatting of a word; any English-language dictionary may be used to document an author’s definition or usage of a term. The rest of the post will address how dictionaries used in this latter way should be cited in a traditional (footnote; not author-date) citation system.
1. A citation of an English-language dictionary should be placed within a footnote, not embedded within the main text.
2. A citation of an English-language dictionary will generally include the title of the work, the edition, if not the first, the abbreviation s.v. (sub verbo: “under the word”), and the word as listed in the dictionary, enclosed in quotation marks (see further CMS §14.247).
Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary, 11th ed., s.v. “pericope.”
Note especially that a comma is used before s.v. but not after it.
3. Frequent citation of a standard dictionary justifies the use of an abbreviation for the work, provided, of course, that the full title and edition are specified in an abbreviations list.
Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd ed., s.v. “pericope.”
OED, s.v. “pericope.”
These few principles suffice for English-language dictionaries. In addition, following CMS §14.247, standard encyclopedias or other general works such as Encyclopaedia Britannica or the Dictionary of American Biography may be cited in the same fashion. | <urn:uuid:6c705c3c-77ca-4e2f-b85c-9b597ec7d04a> | CC-MAIN-2022-21 | https://sblhs2.com/2017/05/16/citing-reference-works-8-english-language-dictionaries/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662529658.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20220519172853-20220519202853-00021.warc.gz | en | 0.850715 | 595 | 2.8125 | 3 |
It's not mandatory in the U.S., but it saves energy. In places where it is mandatory, like England, protests and hoarding are breaking out.
Turns out this may be an interim step. Bulbs based on Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) are coming on fast. (Diagram of how LEDs work from the U.S. Department of Energy.)
Lighting Science Group (formerly Lamina Ceramics) was at the Clinton Global Initiative this week saying it will have retrofit LED bulbs out later this year that can pay their replacement costs in one year.
LEDs claim to last 10 times longer than conventional bulbs and save 80% of their energy costs.
The problem for LEDs against fluorescent bulbs has been one of cost. LEDs cost a lot to make.
Early this year Purdue scientists demonstrated a breakthrough, making LEDs on metal-coated silicon wafers, dramatically cutting manufacturing costs. This follows by two years another breakthrough in North Carolina that dramatically increased the light output of LEDs.
LEDs have been around for 50 years. A layer of electron-rich material is placed on a layer of electron-poor material, creating a junction. Run electricity across the junction and photons are created, which can be in a variety of colors.
Both conventional light bulbs and fluorescent lights, like those I just installed, are essentially tubes. LEDs are more like transistors.
About 14% of all the electricity generated in the U.S. is used for lighting. That's about 526 billion kilowatt hours. Lighting Science says that if we replaced just one common bulb in our homes with one of their LEDs we could save 9.6 billion kilowatt hours.
A drop in the bucket compared to total U.S. electrical consumption, but you won't have to change the LEDs very often, either. So add a savings to your knees.
This post was originally published on Smartplanet.com | <urn:uuid:428b9369-383f-49db-bd98-a26da0a23af8> | CC-MAIN-2015-48 | http://www.zdnet.com/article/how-fast-can-leds-replace-fluorescent-light/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-48/segments/1448398453656.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20151124205413-00003-ip-10-71-132-137.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.952922 | 399 | 3.296875 | 3 |
The writing of mythological tales began in the Wei and Jin Dynasties (220-420), when various writers, influenced by the alchemist's ideas and Taoist and Buddhist superstitions, were interested in inventing stories about gods and ghosts. Some of them show their unusual imagination and mastery of the written language. This practice was continued in the next period, the period of Southern and Northern Dynasties.
In the middle of the Tang Dynasty many well-known writers and poets began story writing. Their stories incorporate a wide range of subject matter and themes, reflecting various aspects of human nature, human relations and social life. In form they are not short notes or anecdotes like the tales produced before them, but well-structured stories with interesting plots and vivid characters, often several thousand words in length. Among them are many tales whose main characters are gods, ghosts, or foxes. Mythical stories of the Song Dynasty show strong influence of Tang fiction, but hardly attain the Tang level.
One achievement in the field of fiction worthy of special mention is the compilation of the great Taiping Guangji or Extensive Records Compiled in the Taiping Years (976-983), which is a collection of about seven thousand stories published before and in the first years of the Song Dynasty. The stories were selected from over three hundred books, many of which have long been lost to us. Large portions of the seven thousand stories are about gods, deities, fairies, and ghosts. In Song times there were stories written in the vernacular, called "notes for story-tellers".
In the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties that followed the best-known works of fiction were novels in the vernacular, such as Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Water Margin, Pilgrimage to the West, The Scholars, and Dream of the Red Mansions.
In the early period of the Qing Dynasty there appeared an anthology of short mythical stories written in the classical style-- Strange Stories from Happiness Studio by Pu Songling. For some time it was a most popular book, praised and liked by many people. After Pu, Ji Yun, who presided over the compilation of the Siku Quanshu (Complete Collection of Written Works Divided into Four Stores), wrote a book entitled Notes from a Thatched House, which includes anecdotes, rumors and tales about gods, foxes and ghosts.
As with other cultures, Chinese mythical stories are entwined with history. The history of the long period before recorded history began is partly based on legend, which is interwoven with mythology. Such ancient heroes and leaders as Fuxi, Shennong, Huangdi (the Yellow Emperor) and Yu are both historical figures according to legend and important characters in mythical stories. Again - as in other cultures - myths reflect Creation, the importance of true love and balance, self-sacrifice, encourage good deeds and warn against sin, rebellion vs. oppression.
All these features add up, perhaps, to one prevailing characteristic - China's mythical stories, either those created by the primitive people or those written by later scholars, are full of human feelings. Gods, ghosts, foxes and spirits are commonly described as living things with human qualities and human feelings. Chinese inventors of myths describe gods the way they describe man, or treat them as if they were human, and endow them with human nature. There are also stories that try to illustrate fatalism, reincarnation, and all sorts of feudal ethical principles. This is only natural, because literary works inevitably reflect the beliefs of the age in which they are produced.
In style and art of writing, both early and later mythical stories are superb. Classical Chinese is extremely concise. A few hundred, even a few dozen words are enough to tell a story complete with dialogue and behavioral and psychological descriptions.
God of moats and walls. Every village and town had its own Ch'eng-Huang, most often a local dignitary or important person who had died and been promoted to godhood. His divine status was revealed in dreams, though the gods made the actual decision. Ch'eng-Huang not only protects the community from attack but sees to it that the King of the Dead does not take any soul from his jurisdiction without proper authority. Ch'eng-Huang also exposes evil-doers in the community itself, usually through dreams. His assistants are Mr. Ba Lao-ye and Mr. Hei Lao-ye -- Mr. Daywatchman and Mr. Nightwatchman.
God of fire. Chu Jung punishes those who break the laws of heaven.
God of war. The Great Judge who protects the people from injustice and evil spirits. A red-faced god dressed always in green. An oracle. Kuan Ti was an actual historical figure, a general of the Han dynasty renowned for his skill as a warrior and his justness as a ruler. There were more than 1600 temples dedicated to Kuan Ti.
Goddess of mercy and compassion. A lady dressed in white seated on a lotus and holding an infant. Murdered by her father, she recited the holy books when she arrived in Hell, and the ruler of the underworld could not make the dead souls suffer. The disgruntled god sent her back to the world of the living, where Kwan Yin attained great spiritual insight and was rewarded with immortality by the Buddha. A popular goddess, Kwan Yin's temple at the Mount of the Wondrous Peak was ever filled with a throng of pilgrims shaking rattles and setting off firecrackers to get her attention.
God of thunder. Lei Kung has the head of a bird, wings, claws and blue skin, and his chariot is drawn by six boys. Lei Kung makes thunder with his hammer, and his wife makes lightning with her mirrors. Lei Kung chases away evil spirits and punishes criminals whose crimes have gone undetected.
The Eight Immortals of the Taoist tradition. Ordinary mortals who, through good works and good lives, were rewarded by the Queen Mother Wang by giving them the peaches of everlasting life to eat. They are:
TIEH-KUAI Li - of the Iron Crutch. A healer, Li sits as a beggar in the market place selling wondrous drugs, some of which can revive the dead.
CHUNG-LI CH'UAN - A smiling old men always beaming with joy, he was rewarded with immortality for his ascetic life in the mountains.
LAN TS'AI-HO - A young flute-player and wandering minstrel who carries a basket laden with fruit. His soul-searching songs caused a stork to snatch him away to the heavens.
LU TUNG-PIN - A hero of early Chinese literature. Renouncing riches and the world, he punished the wicked and rewarded the good, and slew dragons with a magic sword.
CHANG-KUO LAO - An aged hermit with miraculous abilities. Chang owned a donkey that could travel at incredible speed. The personification of the primordial vapor that is the source of all life.
HAN HSIANG-TZU - A scholar who chose to study magic rather than prepare for the civil service. When his uncle chastised him for studying magic, Han Hsiang-Tzu materialized two flowers with poems written on the leaves.
TS'AO KUO-CHIU - Ts'ao Kuo-Chiu tried to reform his brother, a corrupt emperor, by reminding him that the laws of heaven are inescapable.
HO HSIEN-KU - Immortal Maiden - A Cantonese girl who dreamed that she could become immortal by eating a powder made of mother-of-pearl. She appears only to men of great virtue.
Goddess of prostitutes. As a mortal, she was a widow who was much too liberal and inventive with her favors, and her father-in-law killed her. In death her more professional associates honored her and eventually became the goddess of whores.
The Lords of Death, the ten rulers of the underworld. They dress alike in royal robes and only the wisest can tell them apart. Each ruler presides over one court of law. In the first court a soul is judged according to his sins in life and sentenced to one of the eight courts of punishment. Punishment is fitted to the offense. Misers are made to drink molten gold, liars' tongues are cut out. In the second court are incompetent doctors and dishonest agents; in the third, forgers, liars, gossips, and corrupt government officials; in the fifth, murderers, sex offenders and atheists; in the sixth, the sacrilegious and blasphemers; in the eighth, those guilty of filial disrespect; in the ninth, arsonists and accident victims. In the tenth is the Wheel of Transmigration where souls are released to be reincarnated again after their punishment is completed. Before souls are released, they are given a brew of oblivion, which makes them forget their former lives.
God of mercy. Wandering in the caverns of Hell, a lost soul might encounter a smiling monk whose path is illuminated by a shining pearl and whose staff is decorated with metal rings that chime like bells. This is Ti-Tsang Wang, who will do all he can to help the soul escape hell and even to put an end to his eternal round of death and rebirth. Long ago, Ti-Tsang Wang renounced Nirvana so that he could search the dark regions of Hell for souls to save from the kings of the ten hells. Once a priest of Brahma, he converted to Buddhism and himself became a Buddha with special authority over the souls of the dead.
God of wealth who presides over a vast bureaucracy with many minor deities under his authority. A majestic figure robed in exquisite silks. T'shai-Shen is quite a popular god; even atheists worship him.
God of the hearth. Every household has its own Tsao Wang. Every year the hearth god reports on the family to the Jade Emperor, and the family has good or bad luck during the coming year according to his report. The hearth god's wife records every word spoken by every member of the family. A paper image represents the hearth god and his wife, and incense is burned to them daily. When the time came to make his report to the Jade Emperor, sweetmeats were placed in his mouth, the paper was burned, and firecrackers were lit to speed him on his way.
Local gods. Minor gods of towns, villages and even streets and households. Though far from the most important gods in the divine scheme, they were quite popular. Usually portrayed as kindly, respectable old men, they see to it that the domains under their protection run smoothly.
Lord Yama King - Greatest of the Lords of Death. Yeng-Wang-Yeh judges all souls newly arrived to the land of the dead and decides whether to send them to a special court for punishment or put them back on the Wheel of Transmigration.
Father Heaven - e August Supreme Emperor of Jade, whose court is in the highest level of heaven, originally a sky god. The Jade Emperor made men, fashioning them from clay. His heavenly court resembles the earthly court in all ways, having an army, a bureaucracy, a royal family and parasitical courtiers. The Jade Emperor's rule is orderly and without caprice. The seasons come and go as they should, yin is balanced with yang, good is rewarded and evil is punished. As time went on, the Jade Emperor became more and more remote to men, and it became customary to approach him through his doorkeeper, the Transcendental Dignitary. The Jade Emperor sees and hears everything; even the softest whisper is as loud as thunder to the Jade Emperor.
- by D.W. Owens
Chinese mythology is a collection of cultural history, folktales, and religions that have been passed down in oral or written are several aspects to Chinese mythology, including creation myths and legends and myths concerning the founding of Chinese culture and the Chinese state. Like most mythologies, some people believed it to be, at least in part, a factual recording of history.
Historians have conjectured that the Chinese mythology began in 12th century B.C. The myths and the legends were passed down in oral format for over a thousand years, before being written down in early books such as Shan Hai Jing. Other myths continued to be passed down through oral traditions such as theatre and song, before being recorded in the form of novels such Hei'an Zhuan - Epic of Darkness Literally Epic of the Darkness, this is the only collection of legends in epic form preserved by a community of the Han nationality of China, namely, inhabitants of the Shennongjia mountain area in Hubei, containing accounts from the birth of Pangu till the historical era.
Chinese Mythology Wikipedia
ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS INDEX
ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF ALL FILES
CRYSTALINKS HOME PAGE
PSYCHIC READING WITH ELLIE
2012 THE ALCHEMY OF TIME | <urn:uuid:0bd82894-813e-42d9-ad34-a818b70139d5> | CC-MAIN-2016-18 | http://www.crystalinks.com/chinamythology.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-18/segments/1461860114285.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20160428161514-00189-ip-10-239-7-51.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.970877 | 2,732 | 3.59375 | 4 |
This week at Forest School, the children spent time on a rope swing we made together, and also spent more time climbing and balancing.
There was lots of problem solving skills as we worked out how to create our rope swing and where it was best positioned.
It is inspiring to watch the children challenge themselves in the woodland. Often, for some children, climbing a tree can present a challenge. As adults we never lift the children up or down from a tree. If a child tries many different ways to climb up and then works out how to climb down by themselves , then they will have risk assessed the situation by themselves, on the way up and down and will know what they need to do to be safe.
Nathan described to his friend how he got up : “you put one foot up, then bring the other foot up then pull yourself up”
Jade spent some time balancing along a long log, she slipped off many times, but achieved her goal in the end with determination and motivation. She also climbed a tree, look at the sense of achievement in her picture. | <urn:uuid:9ad41d01-a141-414a-b9c7-068e85b7d008> | CC-MAIN-2017-47 | https://blogs.glowscotland.org.uk/er/cartmill/2017/11/09/forest-school-week-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-47/segments/1510934805541.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20171119095916-20171119115916-00663.warc.gz | en | 0.980176 | 222 | 3.40625 | 3 |
“…it seems crazy not to eat it on a regular basis.”
That’s the view of UK-registered dietitian and TV nutritionist Carrie Ruxton. She was extolling the nutritional properties and wide-ranging health benefits of beetroot — a vegetable packed with fiber, vitamins, minerals and phytonutrients.
Consumed on a regular basis, it reduces inflammation, slashed your risk of cancer, lowers your blood pressure and increases your endurance.
And now researchers have started to look at its potential to boost brain health.
Blood Vessels Love Nitric Oxide
Experts believe the chief benefit of beetroot is its high level of dietary nitrate.
Once in the body, nitrate is converted to nitric oxide in the endothelium – the lining or inner surface of the arteries. Nitric oxide plays a fundamental role in vascular function by dilating blood vessels – meaning it provides a wider tube for the blood to pass through. This helps maintain healthy blood and oxygen flow throughout the body.
In 2011, a team of researchers from Wake Forest University, North Carolina, were interested in whether beetroot could increase cerebral blood flow.
To this end, they split 16 volunteers with an average age of 75 into two groups. The participants were fed either 16 ounces of beetroot juice as part of a high nitrate diet, or had to follow a low nitrate diet. The study was conducted over four days.
Increases Blood Flow to the Brain
Using scans, the researchers showed for the first time that a high nitrate diet increases blood flow to four areas of the frontal lobes — regions where blood flow diminishes with age. Loss of function in these parts of the brain is linked with cognitive decline and dementia.
In another study four years later, researchers from the UK enrolled 40 healthy men and women aged 18 – 27. The participants drank either 16 ounces of beetroot juice or a low nitrate placebo drink.
90 minutes later they were given cognitive tasks while their brains were scanned. Increased blood flow to the frontal cortex and improved cognitive performance were seen in the beetroot group.
In the most recent study, again conducted at Wake Forest, the researchers wanted to see if the somatomotor cortex could be boosted by beetroot juice. This part of the brain processes messages coming from muscles. An established benefit of exercise is the strengthening of this area.
The scientists were also interested in secondary connections between the motor cortex and the insula, which is involved in widely diverse processes including motor control and cognition.
26 participants, average age 65 and all of them diagnosed with high blood pressure, were assigned to six weeks of moderate exercise three times a week. No one in the group was taking more than two medications a week for their condition. An hour before each exercise session they drank either beetroot juice or a low-nitrate placebo. Their brains were scanned at the end of the trial period.
Results showed that the beetroot group had greater connectivity between brain regions to “more closely resemble that of younger adults…”
These findings were described by the Wake Forest team as “exciting” and could be important in maintaining brain health and mobility as we age.
The Top Nitrate Foods
By far the best source of nitrates in the diet are greens, butter and oak leaf lettuce, spring and beet greens, Swiss chard, bok choy, basil, coriander and parsley; all contain high amounts.
But the star is rocket salad (arugula) with 480 mg of nitrates per 100 grams.
While beets themselves contain a good amount of nitrate (110 mg per 100 grams), you need to consume them in the form of beetroot juice to enjoy the 279 mg per 100 grams that the drink contains. By eliminating the fiber, the juice provides a more concentrated dose of the nutrients.
If you do choose to go down this path, it’s best to check first with your doctor, as regular consumption of beetroot juice may not be indicated in certain medical conditions. | <urn:uuid:9736f37d-1e27-42b1-8f3b-9d4c3b0f0516> | CC-MAIN-2017-43 | http://www.awakeningfromalzheimers.com/its-crazy-not-to-eat-this-vegetable/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-43/segments/1508187824618.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20171021062002-20171021082002-00224.warc.gz | en | 0.939558 | 833 | 2.859375 | 3 |
NASA's Kepler space telescope has recovered fully from a recent anomaly and is scanning the heavens for exoplanets once again, agency officials announced today (April 22).
Kepler's handlers began prepping the spacecraft — which has discovered about half of all known alien planets to date — for a return to duty on Tuesday (April 19), and that process is now complete, mission team members said.
"The spacecraft is now ready for science operations, officially starting K2's new gravitational microlensing campaign, known as Campaign 9 or C9," Kepler mission manager Charlie Sobeck, of NASA's Ames Research Center in Moffett Field, California, wrote in an update today. [Gallery: A World of Kepler Planets]
Kepler went into "emergency mode" on April 8, for reasons that remain unclear.
"The nature of the problem has indications of a transient event, which triggered a barrage of false alarms that eventually overwhelmed the system," Sobeck wrote. "Power-cycling the onboard computers and subsystems appears to have cleared the problem."
Mission team members managed to coax Kepler out of emergency mode on April 10, and they've spent the last 12 days simultaneously investigating the problem and getting the observatory back up to speed.
Kepler has had health problems before. In May 2013, the second of the spacecraft's four orientation-maintaining reaction wheels failed, ending Kepler's original planet hunt. (The telescope was designed to find exoplanets by noting the tiny brightness dips these worlds cause when crossing their host stars' faces, and this work requires ultraprecise pointing.)
However, mission team members soon figured out a way to stabilize Kepler in space using the two remaining reaction wheels and sunlight pressure. This breakthrough made it possible for Kepler to embark on a new mission, known as K2, in 2014.
During K2, Kepler is hunting for alien planets on a more limited scale than before, and also investigating a variety of celestial objects and phenomena, such as supernovas located far away and asteroids and comets found in Earth's own solar system.
These K2 activities are divided into a series of 90-day "campaigns." As Sobeck wrote, the current one, Campaign 9, focuses on searching for exoplanets using a technique called gravitational microlensing. This strategy takes advantage of the fact that a foreground star's gravitational field bends and magnifies the light from a distant star or other light source that the object passes in front of. This "lensing" effect can reveal the presence of planets orbiting the foreground star.
To date, Kepler, which launched in March 2009, has discovered 1,041 alien worlds and more than 3,600 additional "candidates." Mission team members have estimated that about 90 percent of these potential planets will eventually be confirmed by follow-up analysis or observations.
The total number of known exoplanets is about 2,000 at the moment; the number varies depending on which database is consulted. | <urn:uuid:9e464f57-c894-493a-8d3d-7ff199f4b8f8> | CC-MAIN-2019-13 | https://www.space.com/32679-nasa-kepler-spacecraft-glitch-recovery.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-13/segments/1552912203842.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20190325072024-20190325094024-00256.warc.gz | en | 0.952117 | 610 | 2.796875 | 3 |
Analysis: Narrator Point of View
Who is the narrator, can she or he read minds, and, more importantly, can we trust her or him?
First Person (Limited): Anne Frank
The story is told through Anne Frank’s eyes, and is told with Anne’s voice. We are completely situated within Anne’s viewpoint throughout the book—it was, after all, her honest-to-goodness diary. It's incredibly intimate.
What this means is that we only see the characters and the events that take place through the lens of Anne... even as Anne herself is filled with a confusing maelstrom of hormones, adolescent mood swings, paralyzing fear, and intense claustrophobia. Anne herself even points out that she often writes when she is most angry, frustrated, or depressed as a way to relieve those feelings. (She also occasionally writes when she is feeling most happy and invigorated.)
Because of that, we see Anne’s world through her strongest moods, which probably don't reflect her typical daily experience. We need to understand that what we are seeing through her diary is life as she experienced it on certain occasions—the occasions that prompt her to pour her heart out. | <urn:uuid:e7b7cb73-afe0-40a7-a0db-bfb697350a9a> | CC-MAIN-2016-07 | http://www.shmoop.com/diary-of-anne-frank/narrator-point-of-view.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-07/segments/1454701168998.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20160205193928-00217-ip-10-236-182-209.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.972623 | 254 | 3.21875 | 3 |
The latest news from academia, regulators
research labs and other things of interest
Posted: Aug 01, 2014
On-chip topological light
(Nanowerk News) Topological transport of light is the photonic analog of topological electron flow in certain semiconductors. In the electron case, the current flows around the edge of the material but not through the bulk. It is "topological" in that even if electrons encounter impurities in the material the electrons will continue to flow without losing energy.
In the photonic equivalent, light flows not through and around a regular material but in a meta-material consisting of an array of tiny glass loops fabricated on a silicon substrate. If the loops are engineered just right, the topological feature appears: light sent into the array easily circulates around the edge with very little energy loss (even if some of the loops aren't working) while light taking an interior route suffers loss.
Light enters a two-dimensional ring-resonator array from the lower left and exits at the lower right. Light that follows the edge of the array (blue) does not suffer energy loss and exits after a consistent amount of delay. Light that travels into the interior of the array (green) suffers energy loss. (Image: Sean Kelley/JQI)
Mohammad Hafezi and his colleagues at the Joint Quantum Institute have published a series of papers on the subject of topological light. The first pointed out the potential application of robustness in delay lines and conceived a scheme to implement quantum Hall models in arrays of photonic loops. In photonics, signals sometimes need to be delayed, usually by sending light into a kilometers-long loop of optical fiber. In an on-chip scheme, such delays could be accomplished on the microscale; this is in addition to the energy-loss reduction made possible by topological robustness.
The next paper reported on results from an actual experiment. Since the tiny loops aren't perfect, they do allow a bit of light to escape vertically out of the plane of the array. This faint light allowed the JQI experimenters to image the course of light. This confirmed the plan that light persists when it goes around the edge of the array but suffers energy loss when traveling through the bulk.
The third paper, appearing now in Physical Review Letters ("Topologically Robust Transport of Photons in a Synthetic Gauge Field"), actually delivers detailed measurements of the transmission (how much energy is lost) and delay for edge-state light and for bulk-route light. The paper is notable enough to have received an "editor's suggestion" designation. "Apart from the potential photonic-chip applications of this scheme," said Hafezi, "this photonic platform could allow us to investigate fundamental quantum transport properties."
Another measured quality is consistency. Sunil Mittal, a graduate student at the University of Maryland and first author on the paper, points out that microchip manufacturing is not a perfect process. "Irregularities in integrated photonic device fabrication usually result in device-to-device performance variations," he said. And this usually undercuts the microchip performance. But with topological protection (photons traveling at the edge of the array are practically invulnerable to impurities) at work, consistency is greatly strengthened.
Indeed, the authors, reporting trials with numerous array samples, reveal that for light taking the bulk (interior) route in the array, the delay and transmission of light can vary a lot, whereas for light making the edge route, the amount of energy loss is regularly less and the time delay for signals more consistent. Robustness and consistency are vital if you want to integrate such arrays into photonic schemes for processing quantum information.
How does the topological property emerge at the microscopic level? First, look at the electron topological behavior, which is an offshoot of the quantum Hall effect. Electrons, under the influence of an applied magnetic field can execute tiny cyclonic orbits. In some materials, called topological insulators, no external magnetic field is needed since the necessary field is supplied by spin-orbit interactions---that is, the coupling between the orbital motion of electrons and their spins. In these materials the conduction regime is topological: the material is conductive around the edge but is an insulator in the interior.
The 2D array consists of resonator rings, where light spends more time, and link rings, where light spends little time. Undergoing a circuit around a complete unit cell of rings, light will return to the starting point with a slight change in phase, phi. (Image: Sean Kelley/JQI)
And now for the photonic equivalent. Light waves do not usually feel magnetic fields, and if they do it is very weak. In the photonic case, the equivalent of a magnetic field is supplied by a subtle phase shift imposed on the light as it circulates around the loops. Actually the loops in the array are of two kinds: resonator loops designed to exactly accommodate light at a certain frequency, allowing the waves to circle the loop many times. Link loops, by contrast, are not exactly suited to the waves, and are designed chiefly to pass the light onto the neighboring resonator loop.
Light that circulates around one unit cell of the loop array will undergo a slight phase change, an amount signified by the letter phi. That is, the light signal, in coming around the unit cell, re-arrives where it started advanced or retarded just a bit from its original condition. Just this amount of change imparts the topological robustness to the global transmission of the light in the array.
In summary, documented on-chip light delay and a robust, consistent, low-loss transport of light has now been demonstrated. The transport of light is tunable to a range of frequencies and the chip can be manufactured using standard micro-fabrications techniques.
Source: Joint Quantum Institute
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Check out these other trending stories on Nanowerk: | <urn:uuid:4842c59e-ee7d-4fd1-8ce1-4ffed94b778b> | CC-MAIN-2016-22 | http://www.nanowerk.com/nanotechnology-news/newsid=36761.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-22/segments/1464049273946.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20160524002113-00233-ip-10-185-217-139.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.922953 | 1,252 | 2.84375 | 3 |
Persuasive essays are specific to convince your audience to embrace your opinions and perspective. Keeping this in your mind may lead you into writing an engaging persuasive essay.
To begin with, find out the primary idea or perspective, then allow that to marks the foundation of the persuasion. Consider the kind of your audience. Be familiar with your visitors take, for example is that they hostile for your subject or could they be conflicting. Base your arguments on strong evidences, thinking about your audiences. Lastly identify the most important opposing ideas. Explain them after which proceed to counter react. With this, you’ve got the scope and credibility of the essay increased.
Hook your visitors using the introduction. Proceed and supply history and show the debate. This paragraph should finish together with your perspective.
In persuasive essay writing, one seeks to convince the crowd to simply accept their details, values and accept their arguments and conclusions. This will also allow them to adopt our thought process.
Have strong evidences and clearly condition relevant values for your audience. Obtain the right hierarchy for the writing. Prioritize and consume a sequence for the points. Remember. persuasive essays require a good conclusion to influence your audience that indeed they ought to accept your shared values. Lastly trust your persuasion, to be able to communicate effectively.
Understand and rewrite the issue in your words. Possess the key needs from the assignment. Beware writing a persuasive essay, needs details, so get any layed out source which will behave as a dependable reference. Determine the bottom score of the argument and think about the authors take and argument.
Go to listing details you found throughout the study. Weight the details and also have them arranged within an order that shows their priority. Discard what’s no ground and inquire what could be missing.
Becoming an emotion driven type of writing, persuasive essay have hot buttons. Fundamental essentials possible emotional reaction that could become involved. Try around you are able to to possess them listed.
Writing begins having a draft. Be as near as possible for your reading through research. At this time, grammatical errors shouldn’t worry you.
Write the first paragraph. Introduce the subject and inform the readers of the argument. Create anticipation to ensure that the readers can proceed and browse the paper. Concentrate on suggests develop on. Three can perform.
There must be a flow in one paragraph to a different. Come with an active voice through the writing. Quote the sources that you have your arguments. This provides you authority and therefore you get confidence. Remain mounted on you perspective through the persuasive essay. Argue realistically and don’t hurry your summary.
Conclusion is available in the process below. First summarize, here make reference to the primary evidences and discuss your argument. Go to concluding the developments of the points.
Best persuasive essays writing, will call for an additional effort. You are able to edit the very first subject simply to telegraph you conclusions. Try taking some couple of days with a clear, crisp pencil and fresh mind reread your article. Check if you’re personally convinced. Request yourself whether it will convince the readers, when they will comprehend the values and browse in the same point while you. Correct any necessary places and also have it tell you a grammar check. Go an additional mile to possess a friend see clearly. Revise if necessary. Then turn the paper and celebrate a great persuasive essay.
The easiest method to react to critique would be to see it as an evaluation of developing the energy to influence the crowd. Never take personal. Inside a situation where your details are belittled, condition the origin and make sure them. Once the values face critique, after which make use of the rule of saying yes to disagree. Your assumption would be that the body else is available to being convinced.
Go by doing this, your readers don’t know what you are, that which you seem like or perhaps in which you stay. Besides reading through your document, they merely begin to see the colour of what you are saying. So proceed and become free. It’s not just like a speech where you need to stand and become seen.
The skill of good persuasive essays has two sights. Practice both the skill of writing and persuasion during class. Later extend it towards the community, chapel and communities. Certainly we can usually benefit from this practice.
On paper persuasive essays, you will find no exceptions if this involves placing your details. This writing is intended because of website or paper so you shouldn’t lazy around by using it lest you spoil your personal ambitions of writing it. | <urn:uuid:4d3ec2cb-1649-4ee3-80da-8fb967b5f294> | CC-MAIN-2020-40 | http://www.grademypaper.net/persuasive-essay.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-40/segments/1600401614309.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20200928202758-20200928232758-00435.warc.gz | en | 0.936504 | 943 | 2.6875 | 3 |
Neurobiology, physiology and behavior undergrad Alec Avey’s passion for sports was kindled at an early age. An outside linebacker on his high school’s football team, he took hits on the pitch and suffered his share of injuries. Nothing was more serious than a torn rotator cuff.
Now, as an undergraduate researcher in Professor Keith Baar’s Functional Molecular Biology Lab, Avey examines and modifies ligaments in Petri dishes in hopes of finding new therapeutics to aid ligament recovery.
“Tendon/ligament injuries are one of the most common and debilitating injuries people suffer,” said Baar, who holds appointments in the Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior and the School of Medicine. “By the age of 80, more than 80 percent of us will suffer a tendon or ligament rupture that decreases our quality of life.”
Avey focuses on tendonitis, recreating the condition in engineered ligaments in the lab and treating them with a myriad of natural compounds. By finding natural compounds that mitigate inflammation associated with tendonitis, scientists may reduce the need for surgeries and pricey medications by replacing or enhancing such therapies with dietary supplements.
“If we can help recovery, we will improve quality of life for millions of people,” Baar said.
Opening the doors to independent research
Avey started exploring undergraduate research opportunities at UC Davis during the spring quarter of his freshman year. While researching the labs of several professors on campus, he came across Baar’s work with engineered ligaments. Avey immediately contacted him in hopes of obtaining an undergraduate research position.
“My goal for undergraduate researchers is for each of them to contribute enough so that they become an author on a paper,” Baar said. “In order to achieve this aim, the students need to be invested.”
Avey joined Baar’s lab the summer following his freshman year. By the start of his sophomore year, he’d started work on his own projects.
“Undergrads aren’t just here to wash dishes or do some assays for grad students,” Avey said, noting his positive experience in Baar’s lab. “We’re actually learning how to do research and learning how to understand research.”
Recreating a ligament injury
In the lab, Avey can be found huddled over the workbench. In less than four weeks, he can engineer a ligament from a plate of human ACL cells. According to Baar, the lab can engineer more than 600 ligaments from the cells taken from a single human ACL. Next, Avey treats the ligament with potentially beneficial natural compounds.
To recreate tendonitis conditions in his engineered ligaments, Avey uses a signaling protein known as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, which sets off a cascade of inflammatory events mimicking tendonitis and decreasing the ligament’s mechanical function. Afterwards, he adds a natural compound like epicatechin, a flavonol found in dark chocolate that is thought to inhibit the effects of TNF-alpha, to the growth medium.
“The medium the ligament is stored in essentially represents blood,” Avey said. “It’s supposed to represent how your tissue is getting nutrients cycled through it in the body.”
He then tests the ligament’s tensile strength, attaching it to a machine that stretches the opaque tissue. Computers record and relay ligament data to Avey in graphs.
“What we want is for it to take more force to rupture the ligament,” said Baar. “Weak ligaments stretch a long way. Strong ligaments are stiff and take more load to rupture.”
While Avey has observed some positive strengthening effects in treating ligament inflammation with epicatechin, more research is needed.
The Baar Lab experiments with a variety of natural compounds. They start with natural compounds previously described in scientific literature to have beneficial effects on ligaments.
For Avey, it’s all been a learning experience. When he first joined the lab, he was floored by all the information, the numerous names of proteins and pathways in the human body. Now, he’s come into his own as a scientist.
“Alec is a rare researcher,” Baar said. “He has grown in his three years in the lab to the point where he is now leading our ligament research. He has recently co-authored a book chapter and will have his first, first-authored research paper published before the end of the year.”
Visit the Functional Molecular Biology Lab website to learn more about Baar’s research. | <urn:uuid:17777b38-b889-4bf4-8ceb-d2596e560224> | CC-MAIN-2020-24 | https://biology.ucdavis.edu/news/engineering-injury-resistance-one-ligament-time | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-24/segments/1590347399820.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20200528135528-20200528165528-00453.warc.gz | en | 0.95822 | 993 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Hybrid vehicles are changing the way drivers think about performance. Horsepower and torque numbers still play a role, but gone are the days of bigger is always better. Instead, drivers have to look to how power systems are paired and how they work together.
The power plant of the Fisker's Q Drive system -- a Quantum Technologies plug-in hybrid system that was specifically developed for Fisker Automotive -- is two 201-horsepower electric motors working through the car's rear differential. These motors draw their power from a manganese-based lithium-ion battery pack producing an open circuit voltage of about 400 volts. The Karma's charging strategy includes an on-board generator hooked to a 260-horsepower, 2.0-liter, four-cylinder, turbocharged, direct injection Ecotec engine. The Ecotec engine is produced by General Motors and used by several car companies.
All these elements tie into two broad concepts -- efficiency and performance.
Global statistics indicate pollution from cars is highest during short commutes and typical around-town errands. In addition, most Americans and Europeans -- about 60 percent -- drive their cars fewer than 50 miles per day. For almost all cars, the engine and emissions control system needs to be at a specific operating temperature to function at its peak effectiveness. During a short drive, like in the case of local errands and most daily commute driving, the engines simply don't reach that critical operating temperature.
However, the Karma's battery pack will operate the vehicle for a range of about 50 miles (80.5 kilometers) under ideal conditions -- remember, speed, terrain and driving style all play a role in depleting battery power to a greater or lesser degree -- meaning no emissions for those miles. The batteries have an estimated life of 10 to 12 years, and the charging cost is relatively small. Fisker spokesman Russell Datz estimated charging the batteries in the Fisker Karma would cost the gas equivalent of about 25 cents per gallon.
As the battery runs down, the system will kick-in the engine to drive the generator and provide additional power to the electric motors. According to Fisker, this proprietary system will be used in all future models and products. But what does all this mean for the driver? Continue reading to find out. | <urn:uuid:96324d0b-0436-4f5a-a6c2-411cc8170379> | CC-MAIN-2018-43 | https://auto.howstuffworks.com/fuel-efficiency/hybrid-technology/fisker-karma1.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-43/segments/1539583516003.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20181023023542-20181023045042-00539.warc.gz | en | 0.945436 | 469 | 2.6875 | 3 |
What milk is best for toddlers with milk allergy
If your baby isn’t a large fan of how cow’s milk tastes, you can stir equal parts whole milk and either breast milk or prepared formula (don’t stir powdered formula with whole milk instead of water). Then, gradually decrease the ratio of breast milk/formula to whole milk.
CMPA affects about 7% of formula-fed babies but only about 0.5% of exclusively breast-fed babies, who also tend to own milder reactions.
Exclusive breast-feeding may also protect babies from developing an allergy to cow’s milk protein after they are weaned.
There are a number of diverse proteins in cows milk: there are five protein components in each of the casein and whey fractions of milk. A kid can be allergic to one or more components within either group.
CMPA is more likely in children who own other atopic conditions such as asthma, eczema or hay fever, or if shut family members own those conditions. The presence of atopic eczema is a predictor for sensitisation to common food allergens.
The earlier the eczema starts and the more severe it is, the higher the risk of food allergy.
If there are other food allergies, it is more likely that CMPA will persist into later childhood.
Some work has been done looking at the development of food allergies and whether this can be prevented by feeding infants at risk with hydrolysed formula. However, the results own so far not been clear[6, 7].
Two “whole” years
Your baby should remain on whole milk until they turn 2 (unless instructed by your pediatrician), at which point you can talk with your pediatrician about a lower fat option.
Milk as beverage, not meal
As your baby starts drinking more whole milk, hold in mind that it’s natural that the entire volume of milk consumption will go below.
That’s because it’s expected that the majority of the calories your kid is consuming will be coming from solid foods. Milk is now mainly just a drink and source of calcium and vitamin D.
About 8 to 10 ounces is a reasonable minimum of whole milk consumption (especially if other dairy products are being consumed), and the most a toddler should drink is no more than 24 ounces of whole milk per day.
“More than that can lead to anemia as it is low in iron itself, and large amounts of milk can prevent absorption of the iron in the foods your baby is eating,” explains Dr. Gwiszcz.
Move from bottle to sippy cup
Transitioning to whole milk is also a excellent time to attempt transitioning off of bottles altogether.
“The goal is to transition off of bottles and onto sippy or straw cups completely as soon after your baby’s first birthday as possible,” says Dr. Gwiszcz. This can assist reduce the risk of milk-bottle cavities.
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Cow’s milk protein allergy (CMPA) is one of the most common allergic disorders seen in young children.
It most commonly affects children in the first year of life. | <urn:uuid:ee9e73e9-ae0d-43cf-8ebb-9c0c46074e08> | CC-MAIN-2020-16 | https://health4we.com/what-milk-is-best-for-toddlers-with-milk-allergy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585370496523.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20200330023050-20200330053050-00233.warc.gz | en | 0.9472 | 704 | 2.578125 | 3 |
IPv6 has been the “emerging” standard for a couple years now. IPv6 was developed to replace the current IPv4 standard (what happened to IPv5?) and help to address some of the shortfalls in security and reliability with the protocol as well as to expand the available address space. It hasn’t taken the world by storm, but it is slowly spreading throughout organizations and the Internet. In recent tests, however, the IPv6 Consortium has determined that there is a learning curve that exists for network administrators to effectively implement and leverage IPv6. The protocol itself seems solid, but administrators need to know more about how and where to use it and which devices are compatible. Read IPv6 will require learning curve for network admins on Computerworld.com for more details about the test and some of the issues that were uncovered. | <urn:uuid:5c8ec8c3-cb02-466e-8877-49f4af4bf106> | CC-MAIN-2015-11 | http://itknowledgeexchange.techtarget.com/connectivity/ipv6-growing-pains/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-11/segments/1424936462555.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20150226074102-00284-ip-10-28-5-156.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.967733 | 171 | 2.796875 | 3 |
Recent reports of incremental employment gains should not overshadow the continuing depth of the jobs crisis in America—a crisis whose severity for some groups rivals the magnitude of the Great Depression. For example, unemployment among African Americans in Michigan and Hispanics in Rhode Island has exceeded 20% since 2009. In 17 other states, the African American unemployment rate was at least 15% for most or all of 2010, while at least 15% of Hispanics in Nevada, Connecticut, and California were unemployed in 2010. Whites in California, Michigan, Nevada, Oregon, and Rhode Island are also experiencing unemployment rates of 10% or higher.
These findings highlight that America’s ongoing jobs crisis is unevenly felt. While all demographic groups are hurting, the pain of joblessness is more common among African Americans and Hispanics than whites.
White populations in six states had unemployment rates of 10–14.9% across 2010
Since the start of the Great Recession, white populations in six states have experienced unemployment rates of 10% or higher. These states are California, Kentucky, Michigan, Nevada, Oregon, and Rhode Island (Table 1). (See appendix Table A2 for white unemployment rates for all states.)
The most disturbing trend of white unemployment appears in Nevada. The white unemployment rate in Nevada has exceeded 10% since the second quarter of 2009. For the last three quarters of 2010, the unemployment rate fluctuated between 12.7% and 12.9%. There is no sign that it is declining.
Whites in Michigan and Oregon have also had unemployment rates of 10% or higher since early in 2009. In Oregon the white unemployment rate appears to be holding at just below 11%, but in Michigan it declined from a peak of 12.7% in the last quarter of 2009 to 9.5% in the last quarter of 2010.
The unemployment rate among California and Rhode Island whites did not reach 10% or higher until the end of 2009. Whites in California sustained this level of unemployment throughout 2010. Whites in Rhode Island gained some jobs in the fourth quarter of 2010, when the unemployment rate fell to 9.7%.
Whites in Kentucky had an unemployment rate of 10% or higher from the middle of 2009 to the middle of 2010. Since then, the white unemployment rate in the state has been just below 10%, averaging 9.7% in 2010.
Hispanic populations in four states had unemployment rates of 15–19.9% across 2010
Sample size limitations restrict data for Hispanics to 15 states. These 15 states, however, contain 85% of the Latino labor force. (See appendix Table A3 for data for all 15 states and the methodology section for more information about the sample size restrictions.)
Most Latino populations, by state, had unemployment rates of 10% or higher for most of 2010. Of the 15 states for which we have Hispanic data, only three—Maryland, New Mexico, and Texas—had an average unemployment rate of less than 10% in 2010 (Table A3 in the appendix). The discussion of Latino unemployment here will be restricted to populations with unemployment rates of 15% or higher.
Hispanics in California, Connecticut, Nevada and Washington had unemployment rates of 15% or higher for most or all of 2010 (Table 2). Latinos in Nevada were worst off. From the third quarter of 2009 to the first quarter of 2010, the Latino unemployment rate in Nevada was 20% or higher. The good news for Latino Nevadans is that their unemployment rate has fallen below 20%; At the end of 2010, the Hispanic unemployment rate in the state was 18.8%, but the downward trend had stalled.
Connecticut’s Hispanic unemployment rate has trended upward for the past year and a half, and it ended 2010 at 18.2%. California’s Latino unemployment rate has hovered around 15% since the second quarter of 2009. It averaged 15% in 2010. Washington’s Hispanic unemployment rate exceeded 15% in the first half of 2010, but ended the year at 13.5%.
African American populations in five states had unemployment rates of 18–19.9% across 2010
Sample size limitations restrict data for African Americans to 23 states. These 23 states, however, contain 90% of the black labor force. (See appendix Table A4 for data for all 23 states and the methodology section for more information about the sample size restrictions.)
All of the African American populations for which we have data had an average unemployment rate of 10% or higher in 2010. For 17 of the 23 available states, the average unemployment rate was 15% or higher (Table A4). The discussion here, however, will focus only on the states with African American unemployment rates that averaged at least 18% but less than 20% in 2010: California, the District of Columbia, Illinois, Mississippi, and South Carolina (Table 3). Among these states, the black unemployment rate at the end of 2010 was highest in California (19.9%). In comparison, the black unemployment rate in South Carolina exceeded 20% at the end of 2009 but was down to 18.7% at the end of 2010, and averaged 18.6% for all of 2010. The District of Columbia’s black unemployment rate rose steadily from 2008 to 2010 and stopped in the third quarter of 2010 at 18.8% before falling incrementally to 18.7% in the fourth quarter. The black unemployment rates in Illinois and Mississippi were on a downward trend in the first part of 2010, but the decline stalled and may be reversing. In the fourth quarter of 2010, the black unemployment rate in Illinois was 17.8% and in Mississippi, 17.3%.
Two populations with unemployment rates of 20% or higher
By one estimate, the unemployment rate during the Great Depression peaked at 22.9% in 1932 (Carter 2006). The Great Recession has pushed the unemployment rate for Hispanics in Rhode Island and for blacks in Michigan into this range. The Hispanic unemployment rate in Rhode Island averaged 20% in 2009 and 21.6% in 2010. For African Americans in Michigan, average unemployment was 21.1% in 2009 and 23.4% in 2010 (Figure A).
The economy has not recovered yet. In many states, Americans are living with extremely high levels of unemployment. Without additional strong and direct job creation efforts by the federal government, certain populations in many states will continue to be burdened by extreme levels of unemployment.
Our unemployment rate estimates are derived from both the Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) and the Current Population Survey (CPS) from the Bureau of Labor Statistics. We derive ratios to the overall unemployment rate by race from rolling six-month intervals of CPS data and apply these ratios to quarterly LAUS data.
In many states, the sample size of the racial groups is not large enough to create an accurate unemployment rate estimate. We only report data for groups which had, on average, a sample size of at least 700 in the labor force for a six-month period. Assuming an unemployment rate of 8%, this results in a margin of error of ±2 percentage points. With an unemployment rate of 20%, the margin of error is ±3 percentage points.
For tables A1-A4, please refer to the original print version of this publication here.
Carter, Susan B., et al. 2006. “Table Ba470-477 Labor force, employment, and unemployment: 1890-1990,” in Historical Statistics of the United States: Earliest Times to the Present, Millennial ed., ed. Susan B. Carter, et al., vol. 2, pp. 82-83. New York: Cambridge University Press. | <urn:uuid:1c2eb642-afc5-4744-9010-bc9d78752ef6> | CC-MAIN-2020-45 | https://www.epi.org/publication/ib299/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-45/segments/1603107912593.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20201031002758-20201031032758-00539.warc.gz | en | 0.931234 | 1,553 | 3.015625 | 3 |
The polished rock pictured above is true onyx. Onyx is a form of quartz called chalcedony (what a great word) that's usually associated with volcanic activity. As a form of quartz, chalcedony is composed of silica. It's formed when water dissolves silica to the point of saturation. What precipitates out of the saturated solution is chalcedony. Chalcedony, or true onyx, is a semi-precious stone that's used primarily to make jewelry.
The materials I'm showing above are sold as onyx, but they are an unrelated stone. Repeat, they aren't really onyx. That certainly doesn't distract from their beauty, but knowing what things are is important.
The stones shown above are a form of calcite called sinter. If you go to a stone yard and ask to see a slab of sinter they will look at you like you have three heads, so play along and call it onyx. Sometimes, knowing something and keeping it to yourself can be really satisfying.
Sinter, or commercial onyx is formed from calcite in a way similar to how travertine is formed. Water dissolves calcite from limestone to the point of saturation and what precipitates out of that solution will form either sinter or travertine depending on a couple of factors. If there are air bubbles present at the time that the calcite gets deposited then the resulting stone will be travertine. If there are no air bubbles, then the resulting stone will be sinter, or commercial onyx.
If you've ever been in a cave, the stalactites and stalagmites are made from calcite and if left to form large enough deposits, they may end up as a vanity counter several thousand years in the future.
What this means too is that this material is a sedimentary rock. Of the three types of rock (igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary), sedimentaries are almost always the most fragile and commercial onyx is no exception. It can't handle everyday stresses and it is very easy to chip and crack. People who don't know any better sell this stuff as real, silicaceous onyx. If it were silica-based, it would wear a lot better than this material actually does. Keep in mind that it is as high maintenance as travertine. I think travertine's gorgeous, it's my favorite flooring material. But I wouldn't put it on a counter if you put a gun to my head.
It can't handle heavy traffic or exposure to acids. It's extremely porous and makes a pretty lousy kitchen surface. Besides, most of it is supremely busy and a little of it goes a long way. In the bathroom pictured above, it looks interesting without being overwhelming. But just barely.
In the kitchen above it looks like the scene of a grisly murder or a slaughterhouse. Seriously, it looks like these people have a meat back splash. Ugh. This material is very expensive and as the kitchen above illustrates beautifully, expensive doesn't always mean tasteful.
The less garish form shown on the tub surround above is usually called honey onyx. I've used the same material as a desk top in an office and it looked interesting without being too too. Get up close and personal to a slab of the material pictured above some time if you get the chance. It's really interesting. It looks like half crystallized caramel. It's a little too wild for my tastes, but I can't walk past it without stopping. Sometimes, stuff that comes out of the ground is just jaw dropping. | <urn:uuid:817184dc-c9ef-4f40-8d86-2eb8d63e981f> | CC-MAIN-2014-41 | http://www.kitchenandresidentialdesign.com/2008/10/onyx-is-not-what-you-think.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-41/segments/1412037662910.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20140930004102-00318-ip-10-234-18-248.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.967618 | 749 | 3.421875 | 3 |
- Hebrew: man
The first man and father of the human race. God made him in His own image, and placed him in the Garden of Eden. He made a woman, Eve, from the rib of Adam and gave her to him for a wife. Adam and Eve were tempted by the devil, disguised as a serpent, to disobey God by eating of the tree of knowledge. For their sin God expelled them from Paradise and they were condemned to pain and hardship in the outer world. Adam was the father of Cain and Abel, of Seth when he was 130 years old, and of many sons and daughters. He died at the age of 930 according to the scriptural computation. In the New Testament Saint Paul alludes to Christ as the “last Adam,” through whom all are saved, as in the first Adam all inherited the effect of his sin.
- “Adam”. . CatholicSaints.Info. 27 October 2013. Web. 13 October 2015. <> | <urn:uuid:4c11b171-c115-4d1a-876b-c7dba61bfe04> | CC-MAIN-2015-40 | http://catholicsaints.info/new-catholic-dictionary-adam/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-40/segments/1443738006497.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20151001222006-00179-ip-10-137-6-227.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.991861 | 205 | 2.796875 | 3 |
by Hank Dart
In a paper published yesterday in the journal Science Translational Medicine, Cancer News in Context's Graham Colditz and Washington University researcher, Kelle Moley, detail the important role that overweight and obesity play in the development of breast cancer.
Looking at wide-ranging evidence at all periods of life -- from gestation to the years after menopause -- Colditz and Moley show that despite some targeted times in youth, excess weight increases breast cancer risk over the course of a woman's life.
In the womb. Though there is still a great deal to learn about the impact of mother's weight on her daughter's adult risk of breast cancer, larger weight gain during pregnancy has been linked with a higher risk of breast cancer in daughters. The more a daughter weighs at birth has also been found to increase risk.
Infancy and childhood. Overweight in this period of life likely has a mixed impact on adult breast cancer risk. It can lower breast density as well as slow the rate that girls grow to their maximum height -- each of which can reduce breast cancer risk. At the same time, being overweight in childhood can lead to earlier first periods (menarche), which is an important breast cancer risk factor.
Adolescence. The lower risks linked to childhood overweight likely continue through the adolescent years.
Premenopause. While the protection against breast cancer from youth overweight likely persist, adult weight gain in the years before menopause can increase risk, offsetting and likely surpassing protection from youth.
Postmenopause. Evidence has long-shown that overweight and weight gain after menopause increases the risk of breast cancer.Though there are a number of possible reasons why overweight influences breast cancer risk, it's impact on hormone levels and related responses at various stages of life is a major part.
Despite some periods in life where overweight may have a beneficial effect on breast cancer risk, its overall impact is certainly negative. And the best approach is to maintain a healthy weight throughout life - from childhood on. Weight often tracks children and adults throughout life. Overweight youth are more likely to become overweight adults, and overweight young adults are more likely to be overweight in later life.
For adults who are overweight, though, there is good evidence that losing weight and keeping it off can significantly lower breast cancer risk as well as the risk of other important diseases, like heart disease and diabetes.
Here in Cancer News in Context, we've previously highlighted some straightforward -- and a few off-kilter -- tips for keeping weight in check, most recently during our series, 9 Days of Practical Steps to Prevent Breast Cancer. Perhaps less familiar for many is knowing how best to approach weight and breast health issues of their children. The focus should be on helping children be active, eat a largely plant-based diet, and avoid tobacco and alcohol. Hardest for many parents is simply recognizing if their child has a weight issue -- so making an effort to understand where their child falls on growth charts can be really important in helping them maintain a healthy weight in their youth, and beyond. A good place to start for questions about childhood weight is the CDC’s BMI Calculator for Child and Teen. For more on breast health approaches for youth, see The Power of Youth: Beginning Breast Cancer Prevention in Childhood. | <urn:uuid:96e0f994-6c22-4958-9064-466a2f9068da> | CC-MAIN-2017-13 | http://www.cancernewsincontext.org/2016/01/weighing-evidence-obesity-and-breast.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-13/segments/1490218193284.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20170322212953-00236-ip-10-233-31-227.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.953444 | 672 | 3.03125 | 3 |
Energy, Enzymes, and Catalysis Problem Set
Problem 16 Tutorial: Energy requiring and energy yielding reactions
An energy diagram for an endergonic or nonspontaneous reaction is shown to the right. The energy level of the products is higher than the energy level of the reactants. Energy must be added for this reaction to proceed. The amount of energy required is termed ΔG, which is greater than zero. The equilibrium constant for an endergonic reaction is less than 1.
The Biology Project
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics
University of Arizona
Revised: October 2004
Contact the Development
All contents copyright © 1996. All rights reserved. | <urn:uuid:2aefd63f-2a1a-4562-9eeb-96974a696115> | CC-MAIN-2016-40 | http://www.biology.arizona.edu/biochemistry/problem_sets/energy_enzymes_catalysis/16t.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-40/segments/1474738661767.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20160924173741-00012-ip-10-143-35-109.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.853186 | 139 | 3.8125 | 4 |
Begin working on your Portfolio Project by researching and selecting an article for your analysis. Appropriate articles are those that:
- Are no older than six months old
- Contain at least three general economic principles
- Contain at least three to five macroeconomic indices
Submit an outline that provides information on your article and the three general economic principles and the three to five macroeconomic indices you will be discussing in your project.
"Looking better: Some risks, but less fear, as the second term gets under way" from the Economist, January 2013 issue.
I. The three General Economic Principles
a) All choice involve costs
b) People Respond to ...
The solution discusses general economic principles and macroeconomic indices in the article entitled "Looking better: Some risks, but less fear, as the second term gets under way" from the Economist, January 2013 issue.
This discussion is contained in the attached 4-page document. | <urn:uuid:3d481349-cb86-45ad-879d-a80d940dd0fe> | CC-MAIN-2017-22 | https://brainmass.com/economics/economic-growth/macroeconomic-indices-535738 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-22/segments/1495463607871.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20170524230905-20170525010905-00266.warc.gz | en | 0.924186 | 192 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Ring die is a porous ring wearing parts, wall thin, die hole, manufacturing and assembly of high dimensional accuracy. Work, the feed in the rotation of the ring die and squeeze the pressure roller, through the die hole from the inner wall into a strip out, and then cut into the desired length of the pellet cutter.
1. Ring die material
Ring die is generally made of carbon steel, alloy steel or stainless steel forging, machining, drilling holes and heat treatment processes. Users can choose ring die according to the corrosive nature of the raw material ring.Corrosive materials should use alloy steel or stainless steel ring die.
2. Ring die compression ratio
The compression ratio of the ring die refers to the ratio of the die hole diameter and its effective length. Users choose ring die compression ratio according to the raw material formula.
3. Die hole shape
Ring die die hole shape include a straight hole, step-shaped hole, outer tapered hole and inner tapered hole. Straight hole and step-shaped hole for processing feed; outer tapered hole for processing defatted bran and other high fiber feed; tapered hole should be processed grass powder light weight feed.
4 Ring die aperture ratio
Ring die aperture ratio refers to the total area of the ring die hole and the effective total area of the ring mode ratio. In general, the higher the rate the higher particle yield.
Any questions about ring die pls contact us. | <urn:uuid:d834a3f8-0d66-41d0-b1fc-92cecb2206f0> | CC-MAIN-2020-10 | https://www.bobshellzjkhx.com/news/how-to-choose-ring-die.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875141396.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20200216182139-20200216212139-00092.warc.gz | en | 0.798229 | 298 | 2.71875 | 3 |
A joint US and UK research team has linked certain gene groups that regulate the body’s immune system responses to risk for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Scientists extracted RNA sequencing transcripts from the blood samples of 188 U.S. Marines before and after a military deployment. They found that some PTSD genes also play a large role in the innate immune system and interferon signaling. The innate immune system is the body’s primary protection against infection, and interferon signaling is analogous to an alarm system that goes off whenever a cell notices a pathogen.
Interestingly, the researchers identified these gene groups both before and after Marines had served in a conflict zone. For principal investigator Dr. Dewleen G. Baker, the big question then became: what sets off the interferon signaling before the development of PTSD?
“The answer could be any number of factors,” she conjectures, “ranging from a simple explanation of increased anticipatory stress prior to deployment or more complex scenarios where individuals may have a higher viral load. It’s a question for future studies.”
According to most estimates, 6.8 percent of the U.S. population gets PTSD at some point in their lives. Traumatic events trigger the condition, including military combat, disasters, accidents, violent situations and sexual assaults. Researchers hope their findings could encourage the development of a genetic testing process for PTSD.
Do you or someone you have PTSD? See if you qualify for the Segal Institute’s clinical research study on PTSD today. | <urn:uuid:ed1c31a2-32d0-4b33-bc25-53e5118d61c9> | CC-MAIN-2022-49 | https://www.segaltrials.com/mental-illness-research/ptsd/what-does-ptsd-have-to-do-with-the-immune-system/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446710926.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20221203075717-20221203105717-00512.warc.gz | en | 0.927508 | 340 | 3.359375 | 3 |
4 pages of newsprint on a single folded sheet with full colour map appearing on the final page (Very Good, some light wear along old folds), full page: 62 x 43 cm (24.5 x 17 inches); size of map only: 33 x 39 cm (13 x 15.5 inches).
This is the first sheet (of four pages) of the edition of the Cumhuriyet (‘The Republic’) newspaper, one of Turkey’s leading dailies, dated October 5, 1943. By the autumn of 1943, World War II was far from over; however, the Allies had turned the tide against the Axis powers. Earlier that year, the German Wehrmacht had been throttled at the Battle of Stalingrad, rolling back their invasion of the Soviet Union and leaving them desperately short of resources. Mussolini’s Italian regime fell in September 1943, leaving the overstretched Germans to pick up the stack, as the Allies invaded Italy. A massive Allied invasion of Nazi occupied North-western Europe was inevitable and expected, just nobody yet knew when or where the invasion would land.
The map, on page 4, centred on the English Channel, depicts England, the bulk of France, Benelux and bordering regions of Germany and Switzerland. In well executed and entertaining pictographic form, the map labels all major cities (ex. Eiffel Tower for Paris; Big Ben for London), and shows the Germans’ awesomely powerful line of defences along the Atlantic, Channel and North Sea coasts, as being a virtually impregnable wall. On the other side, in Britain, are the Allies’ seemingly scattered martial resources. One gains the impression that any place the Allies chose to land would not be good place!
Across the ‘Manş Kanali’ (English Channel) and the southern part of the ‘Şimal Denizi’ (North Sea), there are several arrows with kilometric distances showing the Allies’ various options for landing on the Continent.
As it turned out, the Allies would make their first landing in Normandy, on D-Day (June 6, 1944), and while the invasion proved exceedingly difficult (as the present map suggested!), it was ultimately successful – the Allies entered Paris on August 24-25, 1944.
While Turkey remained neutral during almost all of World War II (it entered the conflict on the Allied side only in February 1945), Turks were vitally interested in the war, and news from the front occupied as much space in their newspapers as it did in England or any combatant state. | <urn:uuid:6fafac58-b601-408f-8cb4-dfe7f0fc1714> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://pahor.de/product/wwii-planned-allied-invasion-of-france-pictographic-map-untitled-map-showing-the-proposed-routes-for-an-allied-invasion-of-nazi-occupied-north-western-europe-cumhuriyet-5-birincitesrin-1943/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233511170.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20231003160453-20231003190453-00694.warc.gz | en | 0.961116 | 535 | 2.515625 | 3 |
As the war clouds began to gather for the coming Revolution, Adams remained a simple man living in poverty–little made him stand out in a crowd. He lived with his two children from his first wife, one slave, a Newfoundland dog, and his second wife, Elizabeth Welles. Welles, whom he wed in 1764, ran the family finances and had enough business sense to keep the family out of the poor house. Together, they oversaw the pious household: grace was said before every meal, and Bible passages were read at night.
In June 1767, Adams's financial problems as tax collector came to a head. The city brought suit against him, and an appeal court ruled that he should pay the full amount, beginning with a payment of 1,463 pounds nine months hence. In March 1768, he appeared with a petition seeking more time, and, after a hot debate at a town meeting, he was given an additional six months. In 1769, when the matter came up yet again, Adams had grown so popular that he was able to shift the burden of tax collection to another man and wean himself of the entire matter.
Meanwhile, anti-Tory sentiment had continued to grow in Boston. Adams had created a "black list" of Tories and published it in the Boston Gazette; he demanded that votes in the Massachusetts House be recorded by name, and the Tories who opposed Adams's men found their names publicly announced. While Governor Bernard tried to counter by throwing patriots out of appointed government offices like militia posts, the effort backfired, and the opposition picked up nineteen seats in the House–exclusively at the cost of "black- listed" Tories. Adams rose in the newly patriotic assembly to Clerk while his friend James Otis became speaker. Adams oversaw the removal from the Massachusetts Council of six supporters of Governor Francis Bernard, the colony's highest governing body. The government–led by one crown-appointed governor and a popularly-elected assembly–was beginning to show signs of wear. Adams and Otis even were able to remove their long-time nemesis, Thomas Hutchinson.
A political change in Britain brought Charles Townshend to power as the Chancellor of the Exchequer. Townshend seized upon a nuance of the colonists' earlier protests to put in place a system of taxation they could not fight. Earlier, during the Stamp Act controversy, the colonists had argued that Britain did not have the right to post "internal" taxes like the Stamp Act but that its power was limited to "external" taxes like import duties. Townshend quickly passed a series of import duties, reestablishing the dreaded writs and establishing the customs headquarters in Boston in an effort, largely, to spite the colonists. Bostonians reacted angrily to the new laws. They saw the new rules and new officials as even more ominous than the dreaded Sugar Act and Stamp Act. Adams hatched a plan to seize the new officials when they landed in Boston–marching them to the Liberty Tree and forcing them to chose between resigning their offices or be given over to the mob. Otis and some others, however, blocked Adams, and Adams set about trying to provoke a conflict some other way. The new commissioners proved to be everything the colonists had feared, and tensions mounted as the new taxes were heavily enforced.
In the winter of 1767, the House of Representatives sent a protest letter to the king. However, another plan of Adams's–to send a circular letter to the other colonies explaining their current tribulations–was soundly defeated, as few representatives wanted to directly bring down the wrath of Britain. As the session wound down, many of the Tory supporters from western Massachusetts headed back to their farms, leaving Adams's men in the majority. He seized the opportunity to reconsider the circular letter and after two weeks of careful debate, the House agreed. The letter denied Britain's right to "external taxes" and the government. Britain demanded the House retract the letter and sent another circular letter to the colonies demanding they ignore Massachusetts's missive. The original letter, coupled by Britain's response, helped send patriotic fervor to a new level in the colonies.
It became increasingly clear to the British custom agents that they were able to collect custom duties only because Sam Adams allowed them. At night, their homes were often surrounded by chanting Sons of Liberty, and the "controlled mobs" of Boston were itching for the chance to attack. They realized that their only hope of long-term survival was with the protection of British troops. A riot on June 10, 1768 convinced the British government to send two regiments to Boston. Throughout the summer, anti-British sentiment grew. Adams argued that any British troops should be regarded as a foreign enemy. On September 3, Governor Bernard mentioned to one councilman that troops would be arriving soon, and, by the next day, all of Boston was up in arms over the coming "invasion."
On September 12, 1768, Adams and Bernard came face-to-face at a town meeting. Adams and Otis demanded that Bernard summon the General Court and argued that no standing army could be quartered in the area without the express consent of the Court. Soon, though, it became clear that such a summons would only come once the troops had arrived. Thus Adams and his Sons of Liberty began planning a colony-wide convention, which they hoped would send war fever throughout Massachusetts. On September 19–three days before the planned convention–Bernard publicized the orders for a thousand troops from Halifax and Ireland. And Adams's much-heralded convention turned out to be little more than another meeting of conservative farmers, who considered themselves just audacious enough to possibly send another petition to the king. When reports came of British naval ships appearing off the coast, the convention quietly broke up and faded away. The troops arrived unheeded, and the Sons of Liberty became the laughingstock of the colony. However, the significance of the convention is easily missed: it represented the first extra-legal institution Adams had created and had threatened to overturn the British government in one fell swoop. And any such bickering between the country farmers and the city merchants quickly fell by the wayside as British redcoats marched into town. This would soon be war.
Watch Thor: The Dark World Full Movie, Thor: The Dark World Full Movie 2013, Watch Thor: The Dark World Movie, Watch Thor: The Dark World Online | <urn:uuid:5904ca25-7c31-439a-9272-c04a77548424> | CC-MAIN-2014-49 | http://www.sparknotes.com/biography/samadams/section5.rhtml | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-49/segments/1416400379083.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20141119123259-00061-ip-10-235-23-156.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.974095 | 1,307 | 3.5625 | 4 |
Disclaimer: The following material is being kept online for archival purposes.
Although accurate at the time of publication, it is no longer being updated. The page may contain broken links or outdated information, and parts may not function in current web browsers.
Since it is the goal of this site to educate readers about the solar
maximum, we offer the following list of resources for educators to
use in their classrooms. Live data, exciting graphics, and interesting
lesson plans should all be useful for teachers who want their students
to learn about the solar/sunspot cycle and solar maximum.
Sites Providing Lesson Plans and Activities
Sites Providing Live or Latest Data
Solarscapes Yearly Mean Sunspot Numbers Activity (PDF file)
By completing this activity, students find what pattern(s) emerge
when sunspot numbers are plotted over a period of time.
Activity Cycles of Other Stars
In this activity, students will plot actual data obtained by
astronomers which indicate how bright the so-called Calcium H and
K lines are.
Learning Cycle Lesson Plan -- Sunspots
Students using this activity will look at a timeplot and calculate
mean value to determine the sunspot cycle.
Measuring Solar Activity
Students learn to recognize common structures in the images,
patterns in five years' worth of images by making graphs, patterns
in 250 years' worth of data, comparing to graphs of Part Two, make
predictions about the future, recognize spatial relationships by
comparing simultaneous images made in different wavelengths, and
make testable predictions about the observable Sun.
Seeing the Sun in a New Light
"From Stargazers to Starships" offers a lesson plan on features of the
Sun's corona, observed from spacecraft in the extreme ultra violet (EUV)
and in x-rays, including coronal holes and coronal mass ejections (CME).
This section also discusses related phenomena in interplanetary space and on Earth.
Solar Cycle Exercise
This activity has students spreadsheet program to plot the average
number of sunspots in a year.
Solar Irradiance and Solar Activity Cycles
This activity for grades 9-12 helps students learn about the solar
cycle and its relationship to solar irradiance.
Solar Minimum/Solar Maximum Exercise
Students use a spreadsheet program to look at the number of
sunspots observed on days in 1986 and 1989.
- Solar Storms and You! Activities (grades 7-9)
Solar Activity and Coronal Mass Ejections
In this activity, students will construct a graph to compare
the sunspot cycle with Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs).
Sunspot Activity and Ocean Temperatures
Students will analyze and compare two graphs to determine if there
is a correlation between solar activity and ocean temperature.
Sunspot Activity on Other Stars
Students will analyze and compare stellar activity graphs to
determine how similar or different they are to the solar sunspot
The Sunspot Cycle
The student will create a list and construct a graph of the number
of sunspots using both technology and paper. The student will
explore patterns in the data and locate the maximum and the
Sunspots and Solar Activity
A part of the BLACKOUT! pages from POETRY, this page outlines
the basics of sunspot plotting and solar rotation.
Sunspots and Solar Storms
This lesson plan allows students to explore the solar cycle by
counting sunspots and finding patterns in plots of sunspot
numbers, then forecasting the strength of the next cycle.
- Thursday's Classroom Issues
The issue from March 9, 2000, discusses solar activity, the solar cycle,
and the upcoming solar maximum.
Happy Birthday, Galileo
The issue from February 3, 2000, deals with Galileo's legacy, including
The issue from January 6, 2000, introduces students to space weather, the
phenomenon that will become more obvious at solar maximum.
The issue from October 14, 1999, has information and activites about
the most obvious feature of the Sun.
Sites Providing Educational Images
Current Solar Images
A page of the latest available images from SOHO (Solar and Heliospheric Observatory)
Extreme-Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (EIT) and Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI),
the Yohkoh Soft X-ray Telescope, the U.S. National Solar Observatory at Kitt Peak,
the U.S. National Solar Observatory at Sacramento Peak, and the High Altitude
Observatory Mauna Loa Solar Observatory.
SOHO Latest Images
The Solar and Heliospheric Observatory team generates this daily index of pages of
the latest solar images both from its satellite and from other observatories around
the world. Radioheliograms, H-alpha images, magnetograms, and Calcium II images are
available, among others.
Space Environment Center Solar Image Index
An index of hundreds of solar images, by date. Mostly H-alpha and white light
images and magnetograms with a few others.
Space Weather Today
This page from Windows to the Universe gives current solar images (SOHO/EIT, Yohkoh,
coronameter, magnetogram, white light, Ca II, H-alpha, etc.), measurements of
geomagnetic activity (Kp, interplanetary magnetic
field strength, solar wind speed, etc.), and up-to-date views of the
aurora from the Polar satellite.
ISTP Real-Time Monitoring Page
Designed for scientists, this page has links to nearly every satellite and program
producing Sun-Earth connections data and images, including all of the above. An
version of the page (fewer links and more explanation) is also available.
Butterfly Diagram with Flares and CMEs
This image shows the "butterfly diagram," a figure that tracks the location
of sunspots during the solar cycle, resulting in a pattern that resembles a
butterfly's wings as the sunspots migrate equatorward on the Sun near solar
The Changing Sun
Yohkoh soft x-ray images taken over nearly a solar cycle show the startling
difference in the appearance of the Sun between solar minimum (the dark, inactive
Sun on the right) and solar maximum (the bright Sun on the left covered with active
Highly Disturbed Auroral Oval During 1989 Storm
This Dynamics Explorer satellite image shows the southern auroral oval during
the great geomagnetic storm of March 1989 (solar maximum period). Note the
enormous size of the oval.
Solar Maximum Collage
A large collage of images dealing in some way with the solar cycle or maximum:
the butterfly diagram, changing suns, the solar cycle diagram, the Solar Maximum
Mission satellite, and the Little Ice Age during the Maunder Minimum, among others.
The Sun and Corona through the Solar Cycle
A look at the outer atmosphere of the Sun -- the corona -- in this image shows
definite (but usually invisible) changes throughout the solar cycle at the
same time as the surface of the Sun changes visibly.
The Sun in H-Alpha with Sunspot Cycle
This image combines changes in the Sun's appearance in H-alpha with a graph of
the Wolf sunspot number, number of sunspot groups, and auroral observations.
Brought to you by the
International Solar-Terrestrial Physics Program and
Web Design and Development: Theresa Valentine
Last Modified: 8/3/00
Above is background material for archival reference only. | <urn:uuid:aa5a0f5a-0606-4b8e-acbe-8361aa271d18> | CC-MAIN-2019-18 | https://www-istp.gsfc.nasa.gov/istp/outreach/solarmax/teach.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-18/segments/1555578530505.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20190421080255-20190421102255-00372.warc.gz | en | 0.846801 | 1,598 | 4.15625 | 4 |
The only strategy close to your suggested description is based on FUCCI sensors.
Fluorescent markers designed so that their presence informs of specific stages of the cell cycle, in principle without disrupting or perturbing cell progression.
So, although there is not a physical clean-up of pure cell sub-populations, these can be tracked by the abundance of these markers and even isolated by FACS.
I guess the issue of developing something selectively "lethal" (which does exist in the context of certain plasmids transformed in E.coli) lies partly in being able to retrieve those surviving cells in a timely fashion so that being halted at that particular stage is not detrimental. It does sound as an interesting analogy to Sanger Sequencing where 4 different terminators of each of the 4 bases render truncated fragments easily readable. In principle within the context you suggest, a single cycle would be allowed post genetic manipulation (eventual silencing of such genetic modification as representing an undesirable weight for the cell would be expected otherwise). As progression through each phase varies substantially in time, the idea in itself would require substantial refinement, and most likely the use of a conditional expression system. In this way a mix population transfected with the specific set of markers could be triggered for expression at a given time and then monitored for negative selection.
Commonly though, chemical synchronisation or perhaps more physiologically relevant methods of separation like elutriation, aim at enriching cell populations at specific stages of cell division. Mitotic cells are particularly problematic being rather scarce at any given time within an unperturbed population of growing cells. Mitotic shake-off followed by addition of hypotonic solutions have been suggested as methods of mitotic retrieval but yield is comprehensibly low. | <urn:uuid:b76dae71-6388-4b0f-9067-e636b1d41db0> | CC-MAIN-2016-26 | http://biology.stackexchange.com/questions/5685/cell-cycle-selection/5689 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-26/segments/1466783397748.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20160624154957-00087-ip-10-164-35-72.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.942896 | 358 | 2.578125 | 3 |
DOWNLOAD (very small)
Section 1: Included Files
DOC.TXT BDAMD Documentation BDM.C Interpreter Code BDM.EXE Interpreter TEST.BDM Sample Program
Section 2: The Interpreter
The Interpreter is a 'C' program written very quickly. It only functions with second-dimension BDAMD programs. The Interpreter also has a 50000 instruction limit to prevent endless loops, and a limit of 128x128 Instruction and data arrays.
The Interpreter is called from the command line as follows:
Warning: The compiler treats the newline character as the start of the next line of the array. You cannot use the swap-pointer command with a change direction and a increment y movement.
Section 3: Features of the Language
Program code is written in an array. Each command is one byte long (for two-dimensional arrays). The first five bits is the command, the last three bits specifies the next command.
Program data is stored in an array. Each cell can be assumed to start with the value of zero. The data array is of the same number of dimensions as the code. Two pointers (here after referred to as A and B) are available.
BDAMD allows positions within the array to be stored and recalled from data. This simulated data pointers.
Data may be output as an ASCII character or as a decimal number.
Section 4: Commands
Each command is 1 byte in the following pattern: nnnnn nnn. The five command bits are as follows:
Increment/Decrement 10000 Increment variable at data pointer A 10001 Decrement variable at data pointer A Input/Output 10100 Read character to data pointer A 10101 Read integer to data pointer A 10110 Print character from data pointer A 10111 Print integer from data pointer A Conditional 11nnn If data pointer A is zero use nnn as next instruction Pointer Movement 010nn Move data pointer A (absolute movement) 011nn Move data pointer B (absolute movement) 00100 Copy [A,B] to pointer A location 00101 Copy [A,B] to pointer B location 00001 Swap point A and B locations Data Copy 00110 Exchange values at pointers A and B 00111 Copy value at A to B Pointer Saving 00010 Save pointer A (x,y) to (A,B) 00011 Save pointer B (x,y) to (A,B) These are the final three bits to move the code pointer: First bit: 0 = Relative Coordinate The movement is based on the last movement. 0/1 The second bit specifies if the direction (+ or -) is to be changed. 0/1 The last bit specifies if the axis should be changed. 1 = Absolute Coordinate The movement is described explicitly. 0/1 Zero means increment, 1, decrement 0/1 Zero is the x-axis, 1, the y.Section 5: Sample Code
84 > 84 > 84 > 84 > 84 > 84 > 84 > 85 \/ 85 < 86 < 86 < 86 < 86 < 86 < 0E < 66 \/ /\ 84 > 84 > 0C > 8C > E5 > 0F 84 > 85 \/ /\ \/ 85 < 86 < 86 < 3E < 0E 84 > 83 < 86 \/ /\ \/ 84 > 84 > 84 > 84 > 84 > 0F 84 > 85 \/ 00 < 00 < 00 < B6 < 0E < B6 < 0E < 86Execution starts with the 84 in the upper left corner. It proceeds in the positive x direction until it reaches the 85 command. The 101 in the next hop field specifies that the next command is down. (At this point in the program data cell 0,0 is equal to 8).
The 66 command moves the B data pointer to cell (1,0). Then the 0E switches the A and B pointers. The variable at A is incremented eight times, the pointers are switched, and A is now decremented. Then a conditional E5 is called. If A==0 then the code moves down, otherwise it continues to the right. (This is similar to the BrainF*ck method of multiplication)
After the multiplication loop is complete A is 0 and B is 64. The 64 is copied to both pointer locations. Eight is added to one pointer and nine, the other. (The 83 command moves the code pointer in the opposite direction as previously, other axis, other direction)
This brings the code the final line where the two variables are outputted as characters, then the program is allowed to reach the side of the array, ending the program.
Section 6: Higher Dimensions
When used in Higher Dimensions, BDAMD commands will gain additional bits so that all movement directions and all transitions. | <urn:uuid:b2e8c1de-072f-40c5-a53e-c279310eee28> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://spots.flatland.com/jms/bdamd.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368705284037/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516115444-00004-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.851038 | 998 | 2.734375 | 3 |
A local conservation charity is using National Pet Month to throw a spotlight on the dark side of the international pet trade. A new exhibit at Newquay Zoo focusses on one part of the problem - the illegal trade in South East Asian songbirds.
The Whitley Wildlife Conservation Trust is the charity that runs Paignton Zoo, Living Coasts in Torquay and Newquay Zoo in Cornwall. Spokesperson Phil Knowling said: “National Pet Month is a great opportunity to talk about the pet trade from a conservation perspective. We want to raise awareness about the illegal and unsustainable harvesting of wild animals to sell illegally into the pet trade.
“Pets are important – they help people form a connection with nature and learn to empathise with animals. But the illegal trade in animals is causing a conservation crisis for many species.”
Most of the bird species in Newquay Zoo’s Gems of the Jungle walk-through aviary are threatened by the illegal pet trade. They include Sumatran laughing thrush, Pekin robin and bul bul. But it’s not just birds; other animals are in danger, including tortoises, parrots and loris.
Newquay Zoo Animal Collection Manager John Meek said: “Gems of the Jungle was built to highlight the illegal bird trade in Asia. Birds are kept in small cages in most homes throughout Asia. To have a song-bird in your home is a status symbol. These birds are caught and sold cheaply – and, because they are kept separately, they don’t get a chance to breed, which is another reason for their decreasing numbers.”
In countries like Indonesia, many local species are facing extinction in the wild. In the same country, the authorities regularly stop consignments of illegally-caught turtles numbering thousands of animals.
The illegal pet trade can include species covered by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). As more individuals are trapped, the species becomes rarer, increasing the commercial value.
Paignton Zoo’s Head of Veterinary Services Ghislaine Sayers makes another point: “Illegally imported animals arrive without quarantine or vet care, so they can very easily bring new diseases into this country. The animals also suffer from poor welfare, poor nutrition, unsuitably-small travelling crates, social deprivation and other stresses which suppress their immune system and make them more susceptible to diseases they may be already carrying.”
Phil Knowling: “What can people do? Contact their MP; ask local pet shops where they get their animals - the more questions we ask the better.” Paignton Zoo Environmental Park is a registered charity. For more information go to www.paigntonzoo.org.uk or ring 01803 697500.
NewsAnimal ambulance arrives in Uganda 17th January, 2020Drive 4 Wildlife raised over £50,000 to support the Ugandan Wildlife Education and Conservation Centre in their anti-poaching and animal rescue efforts.
NewsBIAZA Members' Conservation Outputs Revealed 8th January, 2020BIAZA is proud to announce its headline conservation outputs from across the BIAZA membership which have now been released.
NewsThe Bug Issue 18th November, 2019A new conservation campaign led by the BIAZA Terrestrial Invertebrate Working Group (TIWG) will focus on conserving some of the most endangered native… | <urn:uuid:86c81dc1-73fc-403b-9d58-66f20af91b46> | CC-MAIN-2020-05 | https://biaza.org.uk/news/detail/whitley-wildlife-conservation-trust-highlights-illegal-pet-trade | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250592636.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20200118135205-20200118163205-00428.warc.gz | en | 0.926159 | 720 | 2.515625 | 3 |
FRUIT PESTS: Spotted Wing Drosophila & Apple maggot
An excerpt from Linda Gilkeson's latest bulletin:
It is now more important than ever for gardeners to have access to durable insect netting to protect against two, quite nasty, fruit pests that are now established in the region:
Spotted wing Drosophila (a species of vinegar fly), which attacks stone fruit, berries, Asian pear, grapes and numerous wild plants (more info: http://www.agf.gov.bc.ca/cropprot/swd.htm);
To date in British Columbia, spotted wing drosophila has been confirmed infesting wild and cultivated raspberry and blackberry (Rubus), blueberry (Vaccinium), strawberry (Fragaria), table grape (Vitis), cherry, peach, nectarine, apricot, plum (Prunus), and suspected in hardy kiwifruit (Actinidia). Wild hosts confirmed include Oregon grape (Mahonia aquafolium), elderberry (Sambucus), currant (Ribes), dogwood (Cornus kousa), mulberry (Morus), salmonberry (Rubus spectabilis), thimbleberry (Rubus parviflorus) and salal (Gaultheria shallon)
Apple maggot (a species of fruit fly) (more info: http://cru.cahe.wsu.edu/CEPublications/eb1928/EB1928.pdf)
Bug Mesh: Carrot rust fly, cabbage root maggot, currant fruit fly and now these newly introduced flies infest roots or fruits with little white maggots. The easiest fix for a home gardener is a barrier that simply stops the adult flies from laying their eggs on plants or fruit. For decades gardeners have been making do with floating row covers for this purpose. The lightest weight row cover is the best for insect control, but it tears easily. The thicker row cover fabrics last longer and are fine for short term use to keep off insects, but they exclude more light than is desirable for crops, such as carrots, that must be covered for the whole season. They are not strong enough to cover fruit trees.
Enter 'bug net' or insect netting--sturdy, long-lasting, knitted poly monofilament fabric, sold in different widths and mesh size for different pests. Anyone from Great Britain knows all about these product because gardeners there have had them for years. Or check out Australian gardening web sites to see their variety of bug mesh products in that land of fruit flies. The fabric can be used to cover vegetable beds supported on hoops. It can be sewn into bags big enough to drop over a whole berry bush or small fruit tree or made into small bags to cover individual fruit or bunches of grapes.
So, I hope all of you go into your local garden centre and 'bug' them to start carrying one of the bug mesh products (there are several suppliers of different brands) so that you can buy lengths to suit your needs. Or get together with some other gardeners and order a wholesale roll to divide up. Last year on Salt Spring some of us ordered 100 m rolls of ProtekNet brand from Dubois Agrinovation (in Montreal) www.duboisag.com/ . Various widths are available, but get at least the 60 gr mesh size, which is small enough for carrot rust fly, cabbage maggot and fruit flies. So far, nurseries that I know of stocking the knitted monofilament bug mesh are Dinter Nursery in Duncan and Russell Nursery in North Saanich.
Fruit Bags: Using paper, bug mesh or fabric bags to protect apples, peaches, pears and clusters of grapes from insects is a well-established method for commercial organic production. Gardeners have been devising their own bags, using those translucent paper bakery bags or small lunch bags. Where they can get them, some people have been buying the specially designed Japanese fruit bags with a integral twist tie used by the commercial orchardists. Years ago I sewed up a set of fabric bags with drawstring tops to keep racoons and insects out of my table grapes. They have proven their worth many times over and are quick to install; I am still using the same bags so the investment in time to make them was well worth it. BUT, now, with apple maggot upon us (they have been found on Salt Spring and Vancouver Island) gardeners will want to bag their apples. And with spotted wing Drosophila getting into all kinds of other fruit, including Asian pears, disposable fruit bags would be useful for these crops. | <urn:uuid:6f3df6a6-483f-49d0-adf7-54488258bab5> | CC-MAIN-2015-22 | http://www.mgabc.org/content/fruit-pests-spotted-wing-drosophila-apple-maggot | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-22/segments/1432207929023.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20150521113209-00035-ip-10-180-206-219.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.930564 | 983 | 3.046875 | 3 |
Ants can navigate over long distances between their nest and food sites using visual cues [1, 2]. Recent studies show that this capacity is undiminished when walking backward while dragging a heavy food item [3-5]. This challenges the idea that ants use egocentric visual memories of the scene for guidance [1, 2, 6]. Can ants use their visual memories of the terrestrial cues when going backward? Our results suggest that ants do not adjust their direction of travel based on the perceived scene while going backward. Instead, they maintain a straight direction using their celestial compass. This direction can be dictated by their path integrator but can also be set using terrestrial visual cues after a forward peek. If the food item is too heavy to enable body rotations, ants moving backward drop their food on occasion, rotate and walk a few steps forward, return to the food, and drag it backward in a now-corrected direction defined by terrestrial cues. Furthermore, we show that ants can maintain their direction of travel independently of their body orientation. It thus appears that egocentric retinal alignment is required for visual scene recognition, but ants can translate this acquired directional information into a holonomic frame of reference, which enables them to decouple their travel direction from their body orientation and hence navigate backward. This reveals substantial flexibility and communication between different types of navigational information: from terrestrial to celestial cues and from egocentric to holonomic directional memories.
Phytochrome photoreceptors in plants and microorganisms switch photochromically between two states, controlling numerous important biological processes. Although this phototransformation is generally considered to involve rotation of ring D of the tetrapyrrole chromophore, Ulijasz et al. (2010, Nature 463, 250-254) proposed that the A-ring rotates instead. Here, we apply MAS NMR to the two parent states of following studies of the 23-kDa GAF-domain fragment of phytochrome from Synechococcus OS-B'. Major changes occur at the A-ring covalent linkage to the protein as well as at the protein residue contact of ring D. Conserved contacts associated with the A-ring nitrogen rule out an A-ring photoflip, whereas loss of contact of the D-ring nitrogen to the protein implies movement of ring D. Although none of the methine bridges showed a chemical shift change comparable to those characteristic of the D-ring photoflip in canonical phytochromes, denaturation experiments showed conclusively that the same occurs in Synechococcus OS-B' phytochrome upon photoconversion. The results are consistent with the D-ring being strongly tilted in both states and the C15=C16 double bond undergoing a Z/E isomerization upon light absorption. More subtle changes are associated with the A-ring linkage to the protein. Our findings thus disprove A-ring rotation and are discussed in relation to the position of the D-ring, photoisomerization and photochromicity in the phytochrome family.
Frequency and Outcome of Neuroleptic Rotation in the Management of Delirium in Patients with Advanced Cancer
- Cancer research and treatment : official journal of Korean Cancer Association
- Published almost 3 years ago
The response to haloperidol as a first-line neuroleptic and the pattern of neuroleptic rotation after haloperidol failure have not been well defined in palliative care. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of haloperidol as a first-line neuroleptic and the predictors associated with the need to rotate to a second neuroleptic.
Self-propelled bacteria can be integrated into synthetic micromachines and act as biological propellers. So far, proposed designs suffer from low reproducibility, large noise levels or lack of tunability. Here we demonstrate that fast, reliable and tunable bio-hybrid micromotors can be obtained by the self-assembly of synthetic structures with genetically engineered biological propellers. The synthetic components consist of 3D interconnected structures having a rotating unit that can capture individual bacteria into an array of microchambers so that cells contribute maximally to the applied torque. Bacterial cells are smooth swimmers expressing a light-driven proton pump that allows to optically control their swimming speed. Using a spatial light modulator, we can address individual motors with tunable light intensities allowing the dynamic control of their rotational speeds. Applying a real-time feedback control loop, we can also command a set of micromotors to rotate in unison with a prescribed angular speed.
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
- Published about 4 years ago
A 3D numerical model of the earth’s core with a viscosity two orders of magnitude lower than the state of the art suggests a link between the observed westward drift of the magnetic field and superrotation of the inner core. In our model, the axial electromagnetic torque has a dominant influence only at the surface and in the deepest reaches of the core, where it respectively drives a broad westward flow rising to an axisymmetric equatorial jet and imparts an eastward-directed torque on the solid inner core. Subtle changes in the structure of the internal magnetic field may alter not just the magnitude but the direction of these torques. This not only suggests that the quasi-oscillatory nature of inner-core superrotation [Tkalčić H, Young M, Bodin T, Ngo S, Sambridge M (2013) The shuffling rotation of the earth’s inner core revealed by earthquake doublets. Nat Geosci 6:497-502.] may be driven by decadal changes in the magnetic field, but further that historical periods in which the field exhibited eastward drift were contemporaneous with a westward inner-core rotation. The model further indicates a strong internal shear layer on the tangent cylinder that may be a source of torsional waves inside the core.
When placing one hand on each side of a mirror and making synchronous bimanual movements, the mirror-reflected hand feels like one’s own hand that is hidden behind the mirror. We developed a novel mirror box illusion to investigate whether motoric, but not spatial, visuomotor congruence is sufficient for inducing multisensory integration, and importantly, if biomechanical constraints encoded in the body schema influence multisensory integration. Participants placed their hands in a mirror box in opposite postures (palm up, palm down), creating a conflict between visual and proprioceptive feedback for the hand behind the mirror. After synchronous bimanual hand movements in which the viewed and felt movements were motorically congruent but spatially in the opposite direction, participants felt that the hand behind the mirror rotated or completely flipped towards matching the hand reflection (illusory displacement), indicating facilitation of multisensory integration by motoric visuomotor congruence alone. Some wrist rotations are more difficult due to biomechanical constraints. We predicted that these biomechanical constraints would influence illusion effectiveness, even though the illusion does not involve actual limb movement. As predicted, illusory displacement increased as biomechanical constraints and angular disparity decreased, providing evidence that biomechanical constraints are processed in multisensory integration.
Objective: Solventless dry powder coating methods have many advantages compared to solvent-based methods: they are more economical, simpler, safer, more environmentally friendly and easier to scale up. The purpose of this study was to investigate a highly effective dry powder coating method using the mechanofusion system, a mechanochemical treatment equipped with high compressive and shearing force.Materials and methods: Acetaminophen (AAP) and carnauba wax (CW) were selected as core particles of the model drug and coating material, respectively. Mixtures of AAP and CW with and without talc were processed using the mechanofusion system.Results: Sustained AAP release was observed by selecting appropriate processing conditions for the rotation speed and the slit size. The dissolution rate of AAP processed with CW substantially decreased with an increase in talc content up to 40% of the amount of CW loaded. Increasing the coating amount by two-step addition of CW led to more effective coating and extended drug release. Scanning electron micrographs indicated that CW adhered and showed satisfactory coverage of the surface of AAP particles.Conclusion: Effective CW coating onto the AAP surface was successfully achieved by strictly controlling the processing conditions and the composition of core particles, coating material and glidant. Our mechanochemical dry powder coating method using the mechanofusion system is a simple and promising means of solventless pharmaceutical coating.
Use of a stability ball alone and stability ball chair were evaluated in the Veterans Health Administration as possible alternatives to incorporate with regular office chair use. The evaluation of stability ball use was conducted under the auspices of a work site health promotion program as a cross-over trial with participants rotating through use of the stability ball, stability ball chair, and regular office chair on a monthly basis for a total duration of 3 months. Rotations on regular office chairs served as the control. Three medical facilities participated. A total of 193 employees completed a baseline questionnaire; 159 completed at least one post-rotation questionnaire. Self-reported measures included perceived posture when sitting, perceptions of overall balance, energy levels, job performance, safety, and pain. Use was associated with improvements in perceived posture (p < 0.0001) and energy levels (p = 0.007) for stability ball users compared with the office chair control, and improvements in perceived posture (p < 0.0001) and overall balance (p = 0.05) for stability ball chair users compared with the control. Use of stability balls at work decreases the likelihood of reporting pain from regular office chair use from approximately 45% to 21%. Alternatively, a high number of participants reported pain with use of the stability ball alone and stability ball chair, 42% and 45%, respectively. The perceived risks and benefits of stability ball use should be weighed when incorporating use. [Supplementary materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene for the following free supplementary resource: Post-Active Sitting Device Questionnaire].
- Journal of artificial organs : the official journal of the Japanese Society for Artificial Organs
- Published about 5 years ago
The helical flow pump (HFP) is a novel rotary blood pump invented for developing a total artificial heart (TAH). The HFP with a hydrodynamic levitation impeller, which consists of a multi-vane impeller involving rotor magnets, stator coils at the core position, and double helical-volute pump housing, was developed. Between the stator and impeller, a hydrodynamic bearing is formed. Since the helical volutes are formed at both sides of the impeller, blood flows with a helical flow pattern inside the pump. The developed HFP showed maximum output of 19 l/min against 100 mmHg of pressure head and 11 % maximum efficiency. The profile of the H-Q (pressure head vs. flow) curve was similar to that of the undulation pump. Hydrodynamic levitation of the impeller was possible with higher than 1,000 rpm rotation speed. The normalized index of the hemolysis ratio of the HFP to centrifugal pump (BPX-80) was from 2.61 to 8.07 depending on the design of the bearing. The HFP was implanted in two goats with a left ventricular bypass method. After surgery, hemolysis occurred in both goats. The hemolysis ceased on postoperative days 14 and 9, respectively. In the first experiment, no thrombus was found in the pump after 203 days of pumping. In the second experiment, a white thrombus was found in the pump after 23 days of pumping. While further research and development are necessary, we are expecting to develop an excellent TAH with the HFP.
Coronal alignment is a predictor of the rotational geometry of the distal femur in the osteo-arthritic knee.
- Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA
- Published almost 5 years ago
PURPOSE: There is a lot of inter-individual variation in the rotational anatomy of the distal femur. This study was set up to define the rotational anatomy of the distal femur in the osteo-arthritic knee and to investigate its relationship with the overall coronal alignment and gender. METHODS: CT-scans of 231 patients with end-stage knee osteo-arthritis prior to TKA surgery were obtained. This represents the biggest series published on rational geometry of the distal femur in literature so far. RESULTS: The posterior condylar line (PCL) was on average 1.6° (SD 1.9) internally rotated relative to the surgical transepicondylar axis (sTEA). The perpendicular to trochlear anteroposterior axis (⊥TRAx) was on average 4.8° (SD 3.3°) externally rotated relative to the sTEA. The relationship between the PCL and the sTEA was statistically different in the different coronal alignment groups (p < 0.001): 1.0° (SD 1.8°) in varus knees, 2.1° (SD 1.8°) in neutral knees and 2.6° (SD 1.8°) in valgus knees. The same was true for the ⊥TRAx in these 3 groups (p < 0.02).There was a clear linear relationship between the overall coronal alignment and the rotational geometry of the distal femur. For every 1° in coronal alignment increment from varus to valgus, there is a 0.1° increment in posterior condylar angle (PCL vs sTEA). CONCLUSION: The PCL was on average 1.6° internally rotated relative to the sTEA in the osteo-arthritic knee. The relationship between the PCL and the sTEA was statistically different in the different coronal alignment groups. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III. | <urn:uuid:04a2325f-2c16-4453-9121-2e9a50406391> | CC-MAIN-2017-47 | http://scicombinator.com/concepts/rotation/articles | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-47/segments/1510934805417.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20171119061756-20171119081756-00482.warc.gz | en | 0.920887 | 2,973 | 3.265625 | 3 |
Explaining Power Plant Retirements in PJM Competition from low-cost shale gas is one reason leading to power plants retiring (also called power plant deactivations). The cost to mitigate emissions, to comply with environmental policies, is another reason some generating units retire. PJM has no authority to order generating plants to continue operating. PJM’s mandated responsibility is to ensure the reliability of the high voltage electric transmission system. One way PJM does this is to identify transmission solutions that allow owners to retire generating plants as requested without threatening reliable power supplies flowing to homes and businesses. PJM has no vested interest in either keeping a plant running or closing down, but must make sure the transmission system continues working without issue. PJM uses a standard set of criteria to identify potential transmission system problems due to a specific generator retiring. To keep the grid reliable, PJM orders transmission upgrades or additions to be built by Transmission Owners, to accommodate generating plant retirements. The sooner the generating plant owner informs PJM of its intent to retire a plant, the sooner PJM can study the transmission system and mandate upgrades if necessary. Generators retiring could mean that transmission upgrades are needed to keep electricity flowing freely over the transmission lines in the generators’ specific areas. Generator retirements and any required system upgrades to keep the grid running smoothly are included in the PJM Regional Transmission Expansion Planning process and are reviewed with PJM members and stakeholders during the PJM Transmission Expansion Advisory Committee presentations. Generation retirements are covered in detail in the Open Access Transmission Tariff (PDF) | (WEB) and Manual 14D (PDF) – Generator Operational Requirements. | <urn:uuid:5a1fb7a8-3386-495f-81a3-836f0f9c1d5e> | CC-MAIN-2022-27 | https://learn.pjm.com/three-priorities/planning-for-the-future/explaining-power-plant-retirements | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656103850139.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20220630153307-20220630183307-00261.warc.gz | en | 0.93759 | 331 | 2.671875 | 3 |
These conifers form slender pyramids with horizontal branches and drooping branchlets. Needles are 1/2–1 1/2 in. long, in fluffy tufts. Except as noted, those of the species listed in this database are soft to the touch. Woody, roundish, 1/2 to 1 1/2-in.-long cones are scattered all along branchlets. Notable for color in spring and fall and for winter silhouette. In spring, these show off pale green tufts of new needles and bright purple-red new cones. In fall, needles turn brilliant yellow and orange before dropping. Winter interest is enhanced by the many cones, which turn brown with age and hang on to create a polka dot pattern against the sky.Larix kaempferi
Native to Japan. Most frequently planted larch in theWest. Fast growing to 60 ft. ortaller, 20–30 ft. wide, but canbe dwarfed in containers. Summer foliage is bluish green.‘Diana’ grows 45 ft. tall, 20 ft.wide, with twisted growth.
Native from central SierraNevada to British Columbia. To1–3 ft. high and wide. Ovate toelliptical, dar...
From eastern U.S. Most widely planted species. To 1–2 ft. high and 1 1/2 ft. wide, with 1-in. flowers....
Many of the choicest foamflowersare of uncertain origin.‘Cygnet’ has star-shaped leaveswith purple mar... | <urn:uuid:69de5542-c890-4a6c-90a4-176ac4215e3e> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://plantfinder.sunset.com/plant-details.jsp?id=3681 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368699068791/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516101108-00064-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.903079 | 325 | 2.65625 | 3 |
In order to get a clear understanding and appreciation of the standing of the papacy at the moment when the Roman Empire vanished, and she found herself alone in the midst of that vast scene of destruction and anarchy, it is essential to know the source of her strength, by which she was able to survive. And, in order to know this, it is essential that we sketch a certain portion of her preceding history.
In that dismal mixture of downright heathenism, and the profession and forms of Christianity in the philosophical schools of Ammonius Saccas, Clement, and Origen, in Alexandria, there was given birth to the element which, above all other things, have ever been the mainstay of the papacy—monkery, or monasticism: from the Greek word signifying,
“living alone, solitary; a man who retired from the world for religious meditation and the practice of religious duties in solitude; a religious hermit.”
In the philosophy of Ammonius, Clement, and Origen, all Scripture contains at least two meanings,—the literal and the hidden. The literal was considered the baser sense of the Scripture, and therefore a hindrance to the proper understanding of the hidden meaning with its train of farther hidden meanings, and, accordingly, was despised and separated as far as possible from the hidden sense, and counted as of the least possible worth. It was said that
“the source of many evils lies in adhering to the carnal or external part of Scripture;”
“those who do so will not attain to the kingdom of God;”
and that, therefore,
“the Scriptures are of little use to those who understand them as they are written.”
Now, the basis of that whole scheme was their conception of man himself. It was because, in their philosophy, the body is the baser part of man, that the literal was counted the baser sense of Scripture.
It was because the body often betrays good men into sin, that, in their philosophy, the literal sense of Scripture was held to lead men into error.
In their system of philosophy, the body of man was but a clog to the soul, and hindered it in its heavenly aspirations; and therefore was to be despised, and, by neglect, punishment, and starvation, was to be separated as far as possible from the soul.
And from this it followed, in their imagination, that the literal sense of Scripture, which corresponded to man’s body,—was, likewise, a hindrance to the proper understanding of the hidden meanings of the Scripture, and was, therefore, to be despised, neglected, and separated as far as possible from the hidden sense or soul of the Scripture.
Whence came to them this philosophy of the nature of man? It was the adoption entire of the heathen conception of the nature of man: it was the direct continuation, under the Christian profession, of the heathen philosophy of the immortality of the soul. For, about the close of the second century,
…a new philosophic body suddenly started up, which in a short time prevailed over a large part of the Roman Empire, and not only nearly mellowed up the other sects, but likewise did immense injury to Christianity. Egypt was its birthplace, and particularly Alexandria, which for a long time had been the seat of literature and every science. Its followers chose to be called Platonics [or Platonists]. Yet they did not follow Plato implicitly, but collected from all systems whatever seemed to coincide with their own views.
Plato had taught that the souls of heroes, of illustrious men, and eminent philosophers, alone, ascended after death into the mansions of light and felicity, while those of the generality, weighed down by their lusts and passions, sunk into the infernal regions, whence they were not permitted to emerge before they were purified from their turpitude and corruption. (Mosheim, An Ecclesiastical History, “Century II”)
This doctrine was seized with avidity by the Platonic Christians, and applied as a commentary upon that of Jesus. Hence a notion prevailed that only the martyrs entered upon a state of happiness immediately after death; and that, for the rest, a certain obscure region was assigned, in which they were to be imprisoned until the second coming of Christ, or, at least, until they were purified from their various pollutions.
Of the inquiries of the ancient philosophers of Greece and Rome with regard to the immortality of the soul, it has been well observed that
…their reason had been often guided by their imagination, and that their imagination had been prompted by their vanity. When they viewed with complacency the extent of their own mental powers, when they exercised the various faculties of memory, of fanny, and of judgment, in the most profound speculations, or the most important labours, and when they reflected on the desire of fame, which transported them into future ages, far beyond the bounds of death and of the grave, they were unwilling to…suppose that a being, for whose dignity they entertained the most sincere admiration, could be limited to a spot of earth, and to a few years of duration. (Gibbon, History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, Chapter 15).
The Fruit of Vanity and Self-Love
Thus it is plain that vanity, self-love, self-exaltation selfishness—is the root of the philosophy of the immortality of the soul. It was this that led them to consider themselves, in their souls, “immortal and imperishable” (for so Plato definitely puts it), and so, essentially a part of the Deity.
And this is confirmed by revelation. For, when God had said to the man whom He had formed and placed in dominion over all the earth and over every moving thing upon it:
16 Of all the trees of the garden you may freely eat,
17 But of the tree which is in the midst of the garden you shall not eat of it, for in the day that you eat thereof you shall surely die.
Satan came with the words:
4 You shall not surely die; for God does know that, on the day you eat thereof, your eyes will be opened and you will be as God.
The woman believed this Satanic word. So believing, she saw what was not true—that the tree was
6 …to be desired to make one wise,…
a philosopher; and
6 …she took of the fruit thereof and did eat, and gave also unto her husband with her, and he did eat.
Christ Our Life
This is the origin of the philosophy of the immortality of the soul, in this world. The only reason why man did not die that day, even in the very hour when he sinned, is that there, at that moment, Jesus Christ offered Himself in behalf of man, and took upon Himself the death that would then have fallen upon the man. And thus He gave to man another chance, a probation, a breathing space, that he might choose life.
This is why God could immediately say to the deceiver:
15 I will put enmity between you and the woman and between your seed and her seed: it shall bruise your head, and you shall bruise His heel.
10 I am come that they might have life, and that they might have it more abundantly.
He came that they might first have life; and, without His then offering Himself, man never would have had life after he sinned.
And, having come that the man might first have life, this life to the man was and is solely for the purpose that he might use it in securing life more abundantly, even eternal life, the life of God.
Thus it is only by the gift of Christ that any man in this world ever has opportunity to breathe at all. And, the sole object of man’s having an opportunity to breathe, is that he may choose life, that he may live and escape the death that is due to sin.
Earth-Life a Vapor
And so it is written:
14 What is your life?—It is even a vapor that appears for a little time and then vanishes away.
And, what is death—the death which men die in this world? It is even a sleep (see John 11:11-14; 1 Thessalonians 4:15-16; Acts 24:15; John 5:28-29) from which there is waking only in the resurrection of the dead.
So the entering of Christ—Christ’s gift of Himself when man had sinned—gave to man this life which is but a vapor, and which ends in this death which is but a sleep, between that life which is life indeed, and that death which is death indeed Therefore, to all mankind it is spoken for ever:
15 See I have set before you this day life and good, and death and evil.
16 Therefore choose life, that both you and your seed may live.
24 He that hears My word and believes on Him that sent Me, has everlasting life, and shall not come into condemnation; but is passed from death unto life.
Life that is Life Indeed
1 John 5
11 He that has the Son has life; and he that has not the Son of God, has not life;
12 [For] this is the record that God has given to us eternal life, and this life is in His Son.
And this life which is life indeed, beyond this life which is a vapor and this death which is a sleep, is assured only in Christ, through the resurrection of the dead: as it is written:
4 When Christ, who is our life, shall appear, then shall you also appear with Him in glory.
1 Thessalonians 4
15 For this we say unto you by the word of the Lord, that we which are alive and remain unto the coming of the Lord shall not prevent them which are asleep.
16 For the Lord Himself shall descend from heaven with a shout, with the voice of the archangel, and with the trump of God; and the dead in Christ shall rise first;
17 Then we which are alive and remain shall be caught up together with them in the clouds, to meet the Lord in the air; and so shall we ever be with the Lord.
And, without the resurrection of the dead, there is no hereafter; for
1 Corinthians 15
16 If the dead rise not…
17 …your faith is vain; you are yet in your sins;
18 Then they also which are fallen asleep in Christ are perished.
32 If after the manner of men I have fought with beasts at Ephesus, what advantages it me if the dead rise not? Let us eat and drink, for tomorrow we die.
Immortality Only by the Gospel
This is the true course, and the only true course, to immortality: not merely immortality of the soul, but the immortality of both soul and body. For Christ has bought, and will redeem, the body equally with the soul; He cares, and would have men care, for the body equally as for the soul; as it is written:
2 I wish above all things that you may prosper and be in health, even as your soul prospers.
1 Timothy 6
16 God only has immortality.
2 Timothy 1
10 [Christ] has brought life and immortality to light through the Gospel.
Thus immortality is the gift of God, and is obtained only by believers of the Gospel. And to these it is given only at the resurrection of the dead; as it is written:
1 Corinthians 15
51 …We shall not all sleep, but we shall all be changed,
52 In a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trump; for the trumpet shall sound, and the dead shall be raised incorruptible, and we shall be changed.
53 For this corruptible must put on incorruption, and this mortal must put on immortality.
54 So when this corruptible shall have put on incorruption, and this mortal shall have put on immortality, then shall be brought to pass the saying that is written, Death is swallowed up in victory.
57 Thanks be to God, which gives us the victory through our Lord Jesus Christ.
Christ and Him Crucified
This is the truth as to immortality. This is the true way of mankind from mortality to immortality. But, it is directly antagonistic to the Platonic or pagan idea of immortality, and of that way to it.
This is evident on its face; but it is aptly confirmed by an incident that occurred at the very seat of the original Platonic philosophy—in Athens itself.
Paul, in one of his journeys, came to Athena, where he remained several days, and talked
17 …in the synagogue with the Jews, and with the devout persons, and in the market daily with them that met with him.
And, in all his speech, he preached the Gospel:
- Christ and Him crucified:
- Christ the power of God and the wisdom of God:
- Christ and the resurrection of the dead: and
- life and immortality only through Christ and the resurrection of the dead.
18 Then certain philosophers of the Epicureans and of the Stoics encountered him. And some said, What will this babbler say? Other some, He seems to be a setter forth of strange gods.
18 …because he preached unto them Jesus and the resurrection.
This was altogether a new doctrine, something which they never had heard. Therefore,
19 They took him, and brought him unto Areopagus, saying, May we know what this new doctrine, whereof you speak, is?
20 For you bring certain strange things to our ears: we would know therefore what these things mean.
And when, standing on Mars’ Hill, he preached to them the Gospel, and called upon all…
30 …to repent:
31 Because He has appointed a day in the which He will judge the world in righteousness by that Man whom He has ordained; whereof He has given assurance unto all men, in that He has raised Him from the dead.
32 When they heard of the resurrection of the dead, some mocked: and others said, We will hear you again of this matter.
This account demonstrates even by inspiration that the Christian conception of immortality is not in any sense that of Plato and the other philosophers. If Paul had preached in Athens the immortality of the soul, no one in Athens would ever have counted him “a setter forth of strange gods.” Such preaching would never there have been called “new doctrine.” Nothing of that sort would ever have been “strange things to their ears.”
But Christianity knows no each thing as the immortality of the soul. Therefore Paul preached:
- immortality as the gift of God through Jesus Christ and the resurrection from the dead;
- immortality to be sought for and obtained only through the faith of Christ, by believers in Jesus;
- immortality only through Christ and the resurrection of the dead.
He preached that, without the Gospel, all men are lost, and subject to death. For, to the Greeks he wrote:
2 Corinthians 4
3 If our Gospel be hid, it is hid to them that are lost,
4 In whom the god of this world bath blinded the minds of them that believe not, lest the light of the glorious Gospel of Christ, who is the image of God, should shine unto them.
He preached the Word,—not that the soul is “immortal and imperishable,” but that
- “the soul that sins, it shall die.” (Ezekiel 18:4);
- “the wicked shall perish.” (Psalm 37:20);
- “they shall be as nothing;” (Isaiah 41:11-12);
- “yet a little while and the wicked shall not be; yea, you shall diligently consider his place, and it shall not be.” (Psalm 37:10);
- “the wages of sin is death; but the gift of God is eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord;” (Romans 6:23).
11 As I live, says the Lord God, I have no pleasure in the death of the wicked; but that the wicked turn from his way and live; turn you, turn you from your evil way; for why will you die?
Other articles by A.T. Jones:
- Joseph Hoag’s Vision
- The Sabbath in Egypt
- The Return of the Jews
- Follow Me
- The Great Apostate Powers
- The Two Principles
- Jehovah or Baal–Which?
- The One Example
- Shall Religion be Taught in the Public Schools?
- The Science of Salvation
- The Education of Daniel
- John Bunyan
- The Work for This Time
- The Nearest of Kin
- Church History in the Book of Revelation | <urn:uuid:286c67ce-0e1e-4458-a3b9-3bdf2f0baa27> | CC-MAIN-2017-22 | http://www.practicaprophetica.com/origin-of-the-doctrine-of-natural-immortality/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-22/segments/1495463607046.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20170522190443-20170522210443-00411.warc.gz | en | 0.968991 | 3,567 | 3.34375 | 3 |
1. Locate the International Rail Project from which India has been recently dropped?
Chabahar Rail Project, Iran. Chabahar port is located on the Gulf of Oman and is only 72 km away from the Gwadar port in Pakistan which has been developed by China. The port serves as the only oceanic port of Iran and consists of two separate ports named Shahid Beheshti and Shahid Kalantari. Iran has inaugurated the track-laying process for the 628 km Chabahar-Zahedan rail line, which will be extended to Zaranj across the border in Afghanistan.
2. Locate the city where the treaty was signed for the creation of European Union?
Maastricht, Netherland. European Union (EU), is an international organization comprising 27 European countries and governing common economic, social, and security policies. The EU was created by the Maastricht Treaty, which entered into force on November 1, 1993. Recently, India and the European Union (EU) held their 15th “annual” summit after a gap of more than two years.
3. Identify the water body where Farzad B Gas Field is located?
Persian Gulf (Iran). It is located in Persian Gulf (Iran). It has gas reserves of more than 19 trillion cubic feet. ONGC has invested approximately USD 100 million. Recently, the Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) has confirmed that India is no longer involved in the Farzad-B gas field project of Iran.
4. Locate the island from where the United Arab Emirates (UAE) Mars Mission or ‘Hope’ was launched?
Tanegashima Island in Japan. The ‘Hope Orbiter’ lifted on an H-IIA rocket from Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, a machinery maker in Japan. It was launched from Tanegashima Island in Japan. The Tanegashima Space Center (TNSC) is the largest rocket-launch complex in Japan. The island is of volcanic origin and located in the East China Sea. Hope Mission is the first interplanetary mission for the Arab World.
5. Sakteng Wildlife Sanctuary, which was recently seen in the news is located in which country?
Bhutan. Sakteng Wildlife Sanctuary is a wildlife sanctuary located mostly in Trashigang District and just crossing the border into Samdrup Jongkhar District, Bhutan. It is one of the country’s protected areas. It is listed as a tentative site in Bhutan’s Tentative List for UNESCO inclusion. Recently, China has made new territorial claims in the eastern sector of Bhutan’s Trashigang district. China made this claim at an online meeting of the 58th Global Environment Facility (GEF) Council, while objecting to the funding request to develop the Sakteng Wildlife Sanctuary project in eastern Bhutan. | <urn:uuid:7d769592-d3ff-40c6-8d43-5ede9d31e55f> | CC-MAIN-2022-05 | https://www.drishtiias.com/learning-through-map/89 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-05/segments/1642320303356.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220121101528-20220121131528-00380.warc.gz | en | 0.954764 | 616 | 2.515625 | 3 |
SPORTS PSYCHOLOGY BPS106
The Sports Psychology course is aimed at those people already in the health and fitness industries who wish to gain a more comprehensive understanding of how to motivate and support their clients. It can also be used by professional counsellors or psychologists who are working with sports people, and by anyone who wishes to improve their personal knowledge for their own benefit.
There are three fields of employment currently utilising expertise in this subject area:
1. CLINICAL SPORTS PSYCHOLOGY - This covers sports related psychological problems, such as depression, and eating disorders. Expertise in these areas allows people to work with athletes and non-athletes.
2. EDUCATIONAL SPORTS PSYCHOLOGY - This emphasis the performance enhancement skills, such as arousal control, goal setting, imagery. In this career, you would work in an athletic environment applying relevant sports psychology techniques.
3. ACADEMIC SPORTS PSYCHOLOGY - This covers reasearch and teaching.
Successful completion of this course/module will develop your skills and understanding of psychological principles for use in sports.
100 hrs (study at your own pace, on average taking 4-6 months part time)
-Describe the nature and scope of Sports Psychology
-Identify psychological traits found in successful athletes.
-Explain effects of state of mind on athletic performance.
-Recommend ways of maintaining or increasing motivation in an athlete.
-Differentiate between positive and negative application of aggressive emotions in sport.
-Discuss the role of leadership in sports coaching.
-Explain the impact on performance of psychological interactions within a sporting team.
-Compare the sports psychology of different demographic groups.
This subject has 8 lessons as follows:
Performance Psychology, Exercise Psychology, Environmental Influences, Aspects of Sports Psychology, Applying Sports Psychology.
2. Psychological Traits of Successful Athletes
Personality Inventory, Cognitive Techniques.
3. State of Mind.
Anxiety & Arousal, Anxiety, Physiology of Anxiety, Psychology of Anxiety, Arousal, How to Maximise Psychological State, Focusing (or Centering).
Motivation is the internal impulse that causes increasingly energetic action in a particular direction. Basic Principles,Intrinsic Motivation, Extrinsic Motivation Factors Affecting Motivation, Movitation for fun, Slimming for fun.
Mental Rehearsal, Error Parking, Using Self Consciousness, Word Association, Anger, Conflict,Measuring Aggression, Simulated Practice, e-Event Procedure, Reliving Success, Positive, Conflict Handling Techniques.
6. Leadership & Coaching
A Coach’s Role, Getting Attention, Questioning, Punishment.
7. Team Dynamics
Group cohesion,Forming, Storming,Norming,Performing, Traits of an Effective Team, Suitable membership,Appropriate Leadership, Commitment to the Team, Concern for Achieving, Effective Work Methods, Well Organised Team Procedures, Ability To Take Criticism, Creative Strength, Positive Relationships, Positive Environment.
8. Special Groups
Stress, Post Game/Season Evaluation, Gender Differences, Elite Female Athletes, Special Considerations with Female Athletes, Disabled Persons. Children, Readiness, Dropping out.
WHAT YOU WILL DO IN THIS COURSE
Here are some examples of what you will do in this course:
Read articles (magazines, newspapers), watch interviews on TV/Radio, etc. with elite athletes/coaches/sports persons. Try to find out what techniques they use to stay motivated, to reduce stress and tension, to remain focussed, to prepare for a competition, etc.
How do successful athletes cope with failure, error or poor performance in a major competition? Give an example of an acute stressor because of one of the above in sport, and describe the techniques you recommend for an effective coping strategy.
Discuss the difference in coping with sports related stress for the athlete and
the non elite sportsperson. Include examples of their ability to handle fatigue,
pain, competitive situations, and performance failure.
What can a coach do to reduce or eliminate learned helplessness?
Discuss the potential harm caused by this?
Talk to one or more athletes to find out what psyching techniques they use to help improve their performance. Have they tried other techniques? If so, why did they stop using them?
Think about two or three different activities (sporting, or otherwise) that you undertook recently but weren’t keen to do, or that you felt would be beyond your capabilities. How were you motivated to complete the activity – was the motivation intrinsic or extrinsic? Did you use different motivating techniques to accomplish each activity? How did you feel once you had accomplished each activity? Would you use the same motivating technique(s) in the future? Also speak to someone else, and ask them the same questions.
Watch a range of altercations (such as a fight or collision between players) or aggressive behaviour in sporting events, such as in team sports like football or basketball, or in direct competition between two or more individual competitors such as in tennis, fencing, car racing, or distance running.What events have led up to the altercation/s or fight or aggressive behaviour? What form of behaviour did the aggression take? Who was it directed at? How many people were involved? How did it stop? What penalties, if any, where applied (e.g. fines, frees, time outs, lost points, etc.)?
Speak to a coach to find out what role they play in organising and training their athletes.
Speak to a coach who trains children. Find out how their role differs to when they are training adults. What techniques do they use for gaining attention and motivating the children?
Discuss the development of a team with someone who has been a member of a sporting team (school, amateur or professional) for more than one season. Ask about their ups and downs and the reasons they think contributed to high points and low points.
Delve into those reasons to see whether any situations or patterns relate to things you have studied in this lesson.
To enrol in Sports Psychology, click here | <urn:uuid:c6082bf4-600a-4a13-bc66-6b53e260fe64> | CC-MAIN-2018-34 | https://www.acsedu.co.uk/Info/Psychology-and-Counselling/Applied-Psychology/Sports-Psychology.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-34/segments/1534221215404.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20180819224020-20180820004020-00225.warc.gz | en | 0.927259 | 1,281 | 2.578125 | 3 |
The Union Territory of Puducherry which was formerly referred to as Pondicherry is made up of four coastal regions – Puducherry, Karaikal, Mahé and Yanam. Puducherry, Karaikal and Yanam are located on the East Coasts whereas Mahe on the West Coast. Puducherry is the Capital of this Union Territory and one of the most well-liked sightseeing places in Southern India.
Pondicherry is a potpourri of French and Indian architecture, beaches and colonial buildings. Since this was a French colony until 1954, it still has many magnificent pieces of architectures, statues and antiques that remind of the French influence on the place. Since Pondicherry is accessible from nearby metropolises such as Bangalore and Chennai, many people visit the place on weekends in order to take in the unique ambiance; away from the hustle and bustle of big cities.
Places of Interest
There are four main beaches which are famous here – Prominade beach, Paradise beach, Serenity beach and Auroville beach. However, the most popular among these in Pondicherry is the Prominade beach. A road runs alongside this beach for about a mile and the sea shore has many landmarks such as the statue of Joan of Arc, Old Light House, The old Customs House, The War Memorial, Heritage Town Hall, the statue of Mahatma Gandhi and Dupliex Statue. There is also a tourist information center that is located in the Heritage Town hall for assisting visiting tourists.
Auroville beach is close to Auroville and it is possible to swim in the shallow waters of this beach. The beach is located around eight miles from the main puducherry town opposite the road leading to Auroville.
Paradise beach is located near the Puducherry-Cuddaalore highway and is approx. five miles from the town. However, the beach can only be accessed using boats since it is flanked by a creek on one side.
The Puducherry Museum has archeological findings that are from the Arikamedu Roman settlement which was located four miles from the town. Pre-Christian artifacts such as jars from the Greek and Roman era can be found here along with beads made of glass as well as precious stones from the Tsung Era. The museum also has various coins, French furniture, and other relics along with handicrafts.
Sri Aurobindo Ashram
This is one of the well known and wealthiest Ashrams in India and strives to combine modern science and yoga for spiritual well-being. Founded in the year 1926 by the fighter, poet, philosopher and yogi, Sri Aurobindo Ghose, it attracts many people from India as well as other countries.
This is an experimental township which is also known as the “City of Dawn” located about five miles from the town of Pondicherry. Founded in 1968 by Mirra Richard and designed by French architect Roger Anger, the place strives to bring together people from all creeds and sects to live in peace and harmony. The township also has a lotus shaped urn in which soil from 124 countries was mixed during the inauguration of this township in order to symbolize oneness. Although designed to accommodate 50,000 people. Today Auroville is home to approx. 2000 people.
Monuments and Statues
The town has many monuments and statues including the statue of Mahatma Gandhi which is surrounded by eight granite pillars. Just opposite the statue of Mahatma Gandhi is the statue of the first Prime Minister of India Jawaharlal Nehru which has four pillars. The most remarkable statue located in this town is that of Joan of Arc and emphasizes the French influence that was present in Pondicherry. Another monument is dedicated to soldiers who died in the First World War and the memorial is located on Goubert Avenue.
Established in 1872, the Roman Rolland Library has over 300,000 volumes in French as well as in English. The unique feature of this library is that it has about 8000 books that are meant for a “mobile library” through which books are made accessible to common man by using buses to transport these books. Another important institute is the French Institute of the Far East which is known for its research in fields such as architecture, Indology, and history. Le Café is another building that is situated near the statue of Mahatma Gandhi and was once a port office when a railway line ran from the Beach road to the 240 meters iron pier.
Places of worship
There are many temples, Mosques, and churches scattered all over the town and finding one is very easy. One of the most famous temples is the Sri Manakula Vinayagar temple which existed even before the French came and settled here in 1666. The temple has a golden spire depicting the various forms of Lord Ganesha and also has a smaller shrine dedicated to Lord Murugan who was the younger brother of Lord Ganesha. Another important temple that is located on M.G road is the Varadaraja Perumala Temple and is believed to be the oldest temple in town dating back to 600 AD.
Situated on the south boulevard is the Church of the Sacred Heart of Jesus which flaunts a gothic architectural design. The church was supposedly built by French missionaries in the 1700’s and is a Catholic church. The Church of Our Lady of Angels is another famous church located in Rue Dumas is appreciated for its masonry work. This church is made of limestone and egg white which makes it look like a marble structure. In front of The Church of Our Lady of Angels is the statue of Our Lady with infant Jesus in her arms. | <urn:uuid:8ddf1b34-ab87-444c-8b5c-c9d8298780c6> | CC-MAIN-2021-04 | http://www.indiamarks.com/pondicherry-a-unique-town/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-04/segments/1610703522150.18/warc/CC-MAIN-20210121004224-20210121034224-00242.warc.gz | en | 0.980443 | 1,187 | 2.59375 | 3 |
Microbes get a bad rap. Sure, some of them cause diseases, and for millennia before antibiotics, had been the scourge of humanity. But most that we encounter in our daily lives are benign, or even beneficial to our health. Recent advances have enabled us to detect the genetic signatures of this unseen underworld, revealing microbial life that is far more diverse, abundant—and stranger—than previously imagined. Microbes thrive everywhere we’ve looked: from the upper reaches of the atmosphere to the very bowels of the Earth, in frigid lakes hidden beneath Antarctic ice to scalding geothermal vents.
Evolutionary biologist Rob Dunn investigates microbes and their hosts in the places where we live. Our homes may be one of the most novel habitats on the planet, with diverse ecological niches—showerheads and toilets, doormats and pillows, freezers and stovetops, cats and dogs, cleaning products and bathtub rings—plus all manner of manmade materials and imported foodstuffs. We share our homes with hundreds of thousands of species, a large proportion of which are unnamed and previously unknown to science.
Join Rob Dunn as he leads us on a journey into this mysterious micro world. Humans have co-evolved with this menagerie, and when we strive to rid ourselves of them, we may actually compromise our immune systems. We’ll hear the life stories of parasites that are stranger than can be imagined. We’ll learn how the ecology of critters living right under our noses may hold clues to medical or industrial breakthroughs. Along the way Dunn will highlight a class of humans, called chefs, who have domesticated a fraction of this micro world for our gustatory pleasure—although you may be left wondering exactly who domesticated whom!
Prof. Rob Dunn heads up the Dunn Lab Group at North Carolina State University and is an affiliate of the Danish Natural History Museum. With his lab mates and colleagues around the world, Dunn studies the biology of critters living in our midst—about which we know surprisingly little. He is the author of several popular science books, including most recently, Never Home Alone: The Natural History of Where We Live. | <urn:uuid:0b1f49b9-4c63-447d-932f-c8629418f478> | CC-MAIN-2019-35 | https://i3sma.org/rob-dunn-unseen-life-in-on-around-us-november-20-2019/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-35/segments/1566027313715.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20190818062817-20190818084817-00368.warc.gz | en | 0.922449 | 443 | 2.75 | 3 |
Nezahualcoyotl, whose name translates to “hungry coyote”, lived from 1402 to 1472 in the city of Texcoco, just east of Mexico City. His father, who was the king before him, had started a war with a rival city that was stronger than his, leading to his death and the reason for his son, Nezahualcoyotl, to run for his life. This is something Netzahualcoyotl had to do twice during his life, as countless wars rocked this period of what is now Mexico, in the years right before the Europeans came.
It was while he was on the run and spending time alone in nature that he came to the realization that the gods he served were not anything he could rely on. He is quoted as saying:
“Truly the gods which I worship are idols that do not speak nor feel… some very powerful hidden and unknown god is the creator of the whole universe. He is the only one that can console me in my affliction and help me in such anguish as my heart feels; I want him to be my helper and protection.”
It was in these times alone that he had time to think and evaluate what was true and what was not. Most people think that when something bad happens that disrupts their world, such as the COVID virus has this year, that it is simply a frustration that they must endure and overcome. However, the truth is that God often puts these moments in our lives to give us time to stop and think. This was the case with Nezahualcoyotl, and he came to the realization that what he thought was true, was not. Without this time of trauma in his young life he would likely never have taken the time to stop and think about these broader issues of life.
What this realization did for him was turn him into one of the best kings in all of Mexico’s known history. In fact, even today his image can be seen on the Mexican 100-peso note. He is remembered as being the poet king who judged fairly.
He not only outlawed human sacrifice in Texcoco, but he set up a set of laws that clearly laid out what was acceptable and what was not. He was so focused on the laws being stricter for those with more status and power that he had three of his own sons charged and hanged for disobeying them. It was a clear sign to everyone that no one was above the law, and so his people fell into line and obeyed, creating what would become one of the most peaceful governments of that time.
Later in his life, he built a pyramid to the ‘Unknown God who paints things with beauty”. It was a clear sign that he was seeking the real God whom he could “see” all through nature. The Bible tells us in many verses that God clearly shows himself in what He has created.
Romans 1:20 says: “For his invisible attributes, namely, his eternal power and divine nature, have been clearly perceived, ever since the creation of the world, in the things that have been made. So, they are without excuse.” David said something similar in Psalm 19:1: “The heavens declare the glory of God, and the sky above proclaims his handiwork.”
So, where does the present situation find you? Are you one of those left wondering why God allows evil things into our world, or are you one of the ones who has taken this unusual time to reflect on what we see around us every day?
Whether it was the Holocaust, the Black Plague, or COVID-19, God is still there for those who are willing to stop and look for Him. Spend some time alone in one of His natural cathedrals and you will find Him too. | <urn:uuid:3ca886db-60a1-45b1-b3ca-5e172c9ac39c> | CC-MAIN-2021-17 | https://churchinvestorsfund.org/the-king-who-saw-god/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-17/segments/1618038119532.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20210417102129-20210417132129-00336.warc.gz | en | 0.993352 | 803 | 2.609375 | 3 |
5 edition of Inequality and Difference in Hispanic and Latin American Cultures found in the catalog.
by Edwin Mellen Press
Written in English
|Contributions||Mark Millington (Editor)|
|The Physical Object|
|Number of Pages||184|
The African-American historian Henry Louis Gates, Jr. is interested in his s book, Black in Latin America, in how six countries (Brazil, Cuba, The Dominican Republic, Haiti, Mexico, and Peru) define race, views the part of its culture and population that happen to be African descent, the history of Afro-Americans within each country, and /5. Ethnicity and Latin America Latin America and the American colonies were “tamed” based on completely different ideologies. From a Latin American perspective, the most important of the European explorers were of course, the Spanish and the Portuguese.
Being a Hispanic woman in the business world, one faces the hurdle of being a double minority (female and Hispanic) to achieve success. Back in our native countries of Latin America and the. Latin America is often singled out for its high and persistent income inequality. Toward the end of the s, however, income concentration began to fall across the region. Of the seventeen.
The study of race and racism in Latin America has been active for several decades. It has reached what some have called a “post-revisionist” stage, in which research has documented “the interaction of state entities, social movements, and intellectuals in the production of both esoteric and common-sense racial knowledge.” 1 A main feature of the earlier Cited by: 2. Author Information. JOSÉ R. JOUVE-MARTIN is professor of Hispanic and Latin American studies and chair of the Department of Languages, Literatures, and Cultures at McGill University. His research focuses on three main areas of inquiry: the intersection of race, writing, and science in colonial Spanish America; the interplay of memory, ritual, and theatre in the Cited by: 2.
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Genre/Form: Conference papers and proceedings Congresses (form) Congresses Congresos y asambleas: Additional Physical Format: Online version: Inequality and difference in Hispanic and Latin American cultures. : Inequality and Difference in Hispanic and Latin American Cultures: Critical Theoretical Approaches (Studies in Latin American Literature and Culture, Vol 3) (): Bernard McGuirk, Mark Millington: BooksAuthor: Bernard McGuirk.
- Tesserae: Journal of Iberian and Latin-American Studies “ this volume is a stimulating collection of articles that, despite presenting different degrees of sensitivity to and knowledge of the cultures studied gives the reader a flavour of some of the most interesting challenges towards which academics of Hispanic and Latin Pages: While one essay is a broad yet nuanced analysis of Latin American inequality and its persistence, another is a fine-grained ethnographic view of everyday life and aspirations among shantytown residents living on the outskirts of Lima.
Other essays address topics such as the initial bifurcation of Peru’s healthcare system into one for urban /5(2). Since Hispanic refers to what language people speak or that their ancestors spoke, it refers to an element of means that, as an identity category, it is closest to the definition of ethnicity, which groups people based on a shared common r, people of many different ethnicities can identify as Hispanic, so it's actually more broad than ethnicity.
This RG was created after the CPI received a sub-award to study Hispanic Inequality and Difference in Hispanic and Latin American Cultures book, inequality, and mobility. The objective is to document key poverty and inequality trends, to begin the task of explaining what underlies them, and to then populate a new website, with the results coming out of this research.
SinceI have been teaching an “Anthropology of Latin America” or “Peoples and Cultures of Latin America and the Caribbean” as a one-month January-term course.
This blog-post was my first effort to describe the course. For the latest, see Teaching Latin America This is a difficult class to teach. The Origins of Latin American Inequality Inequality in Latin America is relatively high now, but historically it has been no higher than in the United States and Western Europe.
Income and wealth disparities in Latin America are higher than in Asia and in most industrial nations, a condition that many economists attribute to factors developed.
Latin American culture is the formal or informal expression of the people of Latin America and includes both high culture (literature and high art) and popular culture (music, folk art, and dance) as well as religion and other customary practices. Definitions of Latin America vary. From a cultural perspective, Latin America generally refers to those parts of the Americas of Spanish.
After years of narrowing, the inequality trend in Latin America is slowing and stagnating in some countries. Photograph: FRANCK FIFE/AFP/Getty Images This might be a “man-bites-dog” moment for. Social and Economic inequality are among the major problems faced by modern nations which could lead to political unrest.
Social inequality is basically seen as a situation in which certain group of the country’s population (class, ethnic group etc.) enjoy certain privileges regarding to social goods such as education, health facilities, transportation, housing and so on.
Latin America is a group of countries and dependencies in the Western Hemisphere where Romance languages such as Spanish, Portuguese, and French are predominantly is broader than the terms Ibero-America or Hispanic America in categorizing the New term comes from the fact that the predominant languages of the countries originated with the Countries: Cultural Differences Between Americans And Hispanics (Latinos) Octo Novem by Abasto Although we know a lot about the United States thanks to popular American series and movies, traveling to the U.S.
(or doing business with Americans) without knowing a little bit about American culture can have some drawbacks. Although income inequality has fallen in recent years, Latin America remains the most unequal region in the world.
In the richest 10% of people in Latin America had amassed 71% of the region’s wealth. If this trend continues, according to Oxfam’s calculations, in just six years’ time the richest 1% in the region will have accumulated.
The terms "Hispanic" and "Latino" refer to an U.S. Census Bureau defines being Hispanic as an ethnicity, rather than a race, and thus people of this group may be of any race. In a national survey of self-identified Hispanics, 56% said that being Hispanic is part of both their racial and ethnic background, while smaller numbers considered it part of their ethnic.
Hispanic/Latino adolescents have higher rates of use of several legal and illegal substances than non-Hispanic White and African American adolescents, with Author: Michael Hardin. The gender roles that traditionally relegated women to the care of children and the home are changing in Latin America.
As an example, in the past 20 years more than 70 million women joined the labor force in the region, helping, among other things, to significantly reduce poverty and promote the rise of the middle class. Hispanic females earn roughly 54 cents for every dollar earned by a white, non-Hispanic male, which accounts for a loss of almost $24, in a year’s time.
InHispanics had the highest dropout rate (17%) for students ages 16 through More than 6 million Latino children were in poverty in2/3 of whom come from immigrant parents.
The stereotypes abound: fiestas, siestas, and mañana. Searching for information on the cultural differences among the twelve countries of South America is a surprisingly challenging task.
Culture is complex. What we see on the surface – language, clothing, appearance, celebrations, art, or architecture – is a reflection of deeper, underlying forces – history, geography, religion. Hispanic Americans are also called Latinos, because most are of Latin American origin.
Many Hispanic people in the United States describe themselves simply as Americans. Others, however, identify themselves with their cultural or national background and refer to themselves as Mexican Americans, Puerto Ricans, Cuban Americans, and so on.
Since the early s, the OECD has facilitated policy dialogue and exchange of best policy practices between Latin America and the Caribbean and OECD countries, through bilateral co-operation., Education, social protection and entrepreneurship are among the areas where priority action is needed to halt the slowdown in economic growth and tackle inequality across Latin .s.
That Latin American inequality has its main roots in its colonial past is a myth. The next section places Latin American pre-industrial inequality in context by comparing it with inequality the world around over the two millennia since Rome.
It turns out that there was little that was unusual about pre-industrial Latin American inequality.Some people use the terms Hispanic culture and Spanish culture interchangeably. However, they refer to two different things: Hispanic culture consists of the traditions and customs of people with Latin American roots and whose primary language is Spanish.
Spanish culture encompasses the heritage and traditions of the people of Spain. | <urn:uuid:5f6ecfc1-edc3-423a-b1c6-32110087ed25> | CC-MAIN-2021-49 | https://rytelumisy.siyamiozkan.com/inequality-and-difference-in-hispanic-and-latin-american-cultures-book-21026zi.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-49/segments/1637964363420.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20211207232140-20211208022140-00148.warc.gz | en | 0.943575 | 2,046 | 3.359375 | 3 |
DAO stands for decentralized autonomous organization, and it is an important notion in the community of cryptocurrency. Hence, cryptocurrency investors, beginners in the field, and other individuals should know the details of DAO. Now, it is time to think about DAO!
DAO can be introduced as a constitution that is managed by its community without a central authority. These organizations encode the basic rules of the organization, and the codes work under normal conditions. With the system, the extra cost due to the process control is reduced and manpower is eliminated.
In these fully autonomous and transparent entities, their community members decide on the critical circumstances of the project, like allocations and upgrades.
The Working Mechanism of DAOs
As we mentioned above, a DAO encodes the rules of the organization, and then, these codes start to work. The rules of a DAO are decided by the core people of the organization, and the rules are presented by utilizing smart contracts. The contracts show the DAO’s operating foundational framework, and they are visible, verifiable, and publicly auditable. Thanks to the properties of the smart contracts, every member of a DAO can understand and think about the steps of the protocol.
After the writing of the rules of a DAO on a blockchain, funding is considered. In other words, the question that is ‘’How does the DAO reach enough funding?’’ should be answered. Generally, the funding is reached by token issuance that is selling tokens and filling the DAOs treasure.
After the funding process, token holders are offered specific voting rights according to their holdings. If the funding process is completed, the DAO is ready for deployment.
We mentioned that DAOs embark on decentralization, so specific authorities cannot change the rules of DAOs. In other words, the rules can be arranged by the community with the help of voting.
Benefits of DAOs
In general, DAOs provide individuals with the chance of sharing their money with others from any location in the world. The sharing can be about a donation, investment, debt, and so on without an intermediary. What about other benefits of DAOs? Let’s answer the question together!
As we mentioned above, DAOs can connect people from all over the world, and the circumstance shows community participation. With community participation, different individuals can work on productive goals together. Furthermore, people can deal with amazing projects and contribute to them with the help of DAOs. In addition to these, the members of DAOs have specific privileges, like voting for the rules of the organizations, for arranging the future. The sense of ownership of DAOs supports community participation, so the community members can improve themselves in the field and reach financial rewards.
Centralization and decentralization are very important notions because they are encountered in almost every field. For example, we can encounter decentralization in some countries’ education systems while other countries adopt centralization for their education systems. Like in the field of education, these notions are welcomed us in the economy. As you can understand from the long version of DAO, the system focuses on decentralization, and the situation is an advantage. Decentralization requires every person in the decision-making process, and DAOs offer the chance of voting for their rules to their community members. The situation increases the active participation in the community, and communication accelerates with the help of decentralization. Also, decentralization breaks down the hierarchy pattern brought by centralization, enabling every person to have a say in the future. By the logic, DAOs support every person in the field and make the community members happy.
Active Stake in Games
For being a voter in a DAO, a human being should be a token holder of the organization. Then, s/he gets the chance of voting in the organization. Also, burning or spending the token is necessary for reaching the voting rights in a DAO, so the circumstance increases the active stake. The voting system of DAOs is significant because individuals can change the future of the organizations with the voting system.
How to Participate in a DAO?
If you would like to be a member of a DAO, you should firstly buy the DAO’s cryptocurrency. If you be a holder of the cryptocurrency, you can get the chance of voting for the future of the DAO and reach other special situations.
When the funding process of a DAO is finished, you will be able to submit proposals, vote on proposals, and perhaps even profit. The amount of tokens of the DAO you buy will be proportional to the voting power you will have in the DAO.
In summary, DAOs support decentralization and consider the community members’ beliefs, values, and thoughts. Hence, we can say that DAOs are community-friendly entities. If you want to be a participant in a DAO, you can conduct research on the examples of DAOs, and then, take the necessary steps! | <urn:uuid:0a97beb7-1d5a-44af-ae10-9c55be6d74f4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://nfthorizon.io/what-is-dao-and-its-working-mechanism/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00684.warc.gz | en | 0.944358 | 1,035 | 2.515625 | 3 |
Baltimore Area Council
Learning to effectively
communicate is fun and entertaining through the Communicator activity badge.
Webelos will experience varying methods of transmitting information, which
will serve them well later in life.
What Is a Code?
A code is a way of writing
a whole word as a secret word. Many codes are really ciphers. A cipher is a
code in which every letter of a word is written in a secret way. The Morse
code is a cipher kind of code.
Codes are used all over
the world. A telegram or cable is a kind of code that is written in a short
way to keep costs down.
Codes are an important way
of sending secrets during wartime. Brands marked on cattle and markings on
planes and ships are also kinds of codes. Codes usually have two parts. The
first part is for making the code. This is known as encoding the message.
You need to know how to make your message a secret one.
The second part is called
decoding the message. This will tell the person who gets the code how to
read and understand the code. Then the person will know exactly what the
message means. The more you know about codes, the more fun they are. Many
people like secret codes, and so will your Webelos Scouts. Some of the
easiest codes use numbers for letters.
Draw lines on paper or use lined paper. Print the
letter of the alphabet on the paper. Then start with the number one and
write the numbers in order below the letters.
This is a game that can be
played in any Den setting, and is instructive for both the boys playing the
game and for the rest of the Den watching.
Cut identical sets of
geometric shapes (triangles, square, rectangles, octagons. etc.) out of
different colors of construction paper. Give one set to each pair of boys,
and sit them so they are facing away from each other at two tables, or on
The first boy is told to
arrange his shapes in whatever fashion he chooses. When he has done so, he
must tell the second boy how to arrange his set of shapes in the same
arrangement. The second boy cannot ask questions, or otherwise communicate
with the first boy. Observe the results with no communication.
The next time, the roles
are reversed, with the second boy arranging his shapes any way he wishes.
The difference now is that the first boy may ask questions, and the second
boy may answer them.
A discussion can ensue about the value of questions and
answers in effective communication.
The Shopping List
This appears to be a boring grocery list. But to your
friend, it's an important message. The number before each word tells which
letter to use. The first letter in mop is "M", so that is the only letter
that needs to be saved. Continue down the list. The third letter in bread is
"E", and so on. Now the grocery list has a new meaning.
Bag of potato chips
Package of noodles
One can of green beans
Your message: Meet me at
Before the meeting, the
Den leader draws symbols on poster board. Spilt the Den into two teams. Have
them sit in a straight line facing forward. Give the Scout at the front of
the line a piece of paper and pencil.
closes his eyes, except the Scout at the back end of the line. Only this
Scout may see the image that the Den leader has drawn. Then this Scout draws
the image he is shown on the back of the Scout in front of him. He may erase
once, and then redraw the image. After the image is drawn on the Scout's
back, he opens his eyes, then draws his image on the Scout's back in front
of him. The image will finally reach the first Scout, and he will draw the
image that he feels being drawn on his back on the paper. After both teams
are finished, show everyone the original image and see whose drawing is most
This game is used to show Scouts that you need all your senses to be an
effective communicator and that a breakdown in communication can change the
Demonstrate and teach the Webelos Scouts the Boy Scout Motto
using sign language.
Have a deaf. blind or mute person visit the Den and describe
special problems they have communicating.
Instruct Scouts how to address a group.
H lave four Scouts take part, each reading in full, one point
of the Scout Law.
Visit an amateur radio operator. and have him explain the use
and rules of amateur band radio. Let the Scouts examine equipment and talk
with someone over the amateur radio.
Instruct Scouts in the use of secret codes. Then let several
Scouts invent and use their own code.
Get a copy of CB ten codes and have the Scouts use them.
If you cannot visit a radio or television newsroom, invite a
newsperson to your meeting to talk to the Scouts about their jobs.
Invite a high school or middle school speech teacher to your
meeting, and have them talk about communications.
Circle Ten Council
Communication is one of the most important skills that
the Webelos Scout will use during his life. He will communicate every day
with other human beings, and possibly with animals. We often consider
communication as the expression of our thoughts or feelings through speech,
gesture, print, and electronic devices. Communication, however, really is
comprised of both the transmission of the message, and decoding by the
receiver. In other words, communication does not exist unless the message is
both sent and received. When the intended recipient of the communication
understands the message, then the communication is effective. Learning to
communicate effectively will help us all now and in the future.
Names and Communication
One way we communicate is to mark something in a
certain way to show ownership or a relationship. Your last name indicates
that you are part of a family and related to others with the same name.
Even names are “codes” of a sort. The blacksmith sometimes became known as
SMITH and his son would be SMITHSON. Take a phone book and see if you can
guess how a name may have come about.
Have the boys write what each sign means
BITS and BYTES
Where does the information
go when you delete things on your computer?
Computer hard disk drives have an arm that moves back and forth over a
spinning disk. At the end is an electromagnet that is turned on and off.
That can flip the molecules of the disk – a magnetic material. It arranges
the molecules. The arrangement can be read later by scanning the disk with
the same arm. Each bunch of molecules is called a BIT. Groups of them are
called BYTES. This drawing is an 8-bit byte. As the molecules flip over,
they represent a 1 or a 0. The north magnetic pole is 1, the south is 0.
Digital storage always involves just 2 values; 1’s and 0’s, or on and off.
Our drawing is the number 10010110. If we use a special number system called
binary numbers, these 8 bits store the number as 140.
Stuff stored in digital
code makes up files or documents. They are stored in little zones or sectors
on a hard disk. Most of the time files are too big to fit in just one
continuous line of sectors, so the files get spilt up. The first part of a
file is called the header. In the header are things like the name and date
of the file and also the size of the file, and a really important piece of
information – which sectors the file is stored in. That information tells
the arm where to scan for the data. Without the header the data is left in
chunks all over the disk. When you delete a file what you’re really doing is
just erasing the header. The file’s data is still there. It just doesn’t
have an address anymore. Eventually it will be written over by new data
Information on a computer
is not stored as matter or energy; it’s stored by arranging matter. The
computer uses energy to make the arrangement, to read the arrangement or to
delete the arrangement. That energy is converted into heat, which is why
there are fans in computers.
COMMUNICATOR ROUND ROBIN SKIT
Arrange boys in a large
circle. Give each one a communications transmitter of some kind, such as a
flashlight for Morse code, the string and can telephone a boy's hands for
sign language or a tom-tom for drumbeat.
Give the first boy a
message to transmit, written on a piece of paper. Each boy in turn tries to
relay this message to the next boy in line using his signaling device.
(Remember your boys are just simulating this, not really doing it.)
The last boy writes down
the message and comes up to stand beside you. You read your message, which
is "Mr. Watson, come here I need you". The boy is then asked to read his
message, which is "The number you have reached is out of service or you have
not used the correct area code. Please hang up and try again. If you think
you have reached this recording by mistake…." About halfway through this
speech. Put you arm on the scouts back and begin guiding him off stage,
shaking your head
Use the Morse code table found in the Webelos Scout
Book, Communicator section to encode a short message. Each boy should keep
his message short, one sentence of 5 - 8 words, and not let other boys see
it. Then let them trade messages and try to decipher them.
these communication centers are very security conscious, so do not be
surprised or disappointed if they tell you they do not allow groups to tour.
Trace the history of communication in a chronological order,
starting with the early communication, method of sign language.
Demonstrate the spoken word by having boys hold their hands over their
larynx to feel the vibration, and make an old fashion can and string
telephone. Be sure to keep the string taut and not touching anything.
Use thick twine 10 - 20
feet. Make a hole through the middle of each can with a medium size nail.
Wash can thoroughly. Pull the string through each nail hole. Tie a large
knot in string on each end. To use simply hold can by its side, keeping
string taut. Put to mouth to talk, to ear to listen.
A telegraph key will demonstrate Morse code. Use the key to
open and close a circuit made up of a tone buzzer and a battery. You can
make the key or "bug" out of a spring clothespin if you wish.
a member of the Rotary Club or the Toastmasters International to visit your
den and give examples of body language.
Visit a meeting of these organizations to observe how
communications is given
Ask a member of the local amateur radio organization to visit
your den or allow the den to visit his or her base station to see how
communications is arrived using the International Morse Code.
Listen to a CB radio or find an active Citizen Band Radio Club
in your area to tell your den how the radio can help.
Visit the local library or your school library to find out how
the books are indexed to locate them easier.
Local radio stations or television stations can show your den
how they receive communications from around the world through the use of
micro transmitters or satellite stations.
Communications can be carried out in many forms. Try to locate
the local organization that teaches the deaf to sign and see if they might
be willing to teach the den a few basic words or phrases.
Find out if one of the parents would be willing to show each
of the boys how it a computer works and allow them to access the computer
To find out the many job opportunities in the communication
field, check with the local Chamber of Commerce to locate companies that use
communication as a basis for employment in your area.
KIM'S GAME IN THE DARK
Out of sight of the immediate area, attach a line
zigzagging between trees or stationary objects. Tie objects to the line
along the way. Ten items is a good number. Blindfold each Webelos Scout and
lead him to the rope. Boys then proceed down the rope, holding on and
remembering the objects they come across. No talking is allowed. When each
boy reaches the end of the rope, the leader takes him out of sight of the
course and removes his blindfold. Boys may work individually or as group to
see how many objects they can identify and remember.
Some of these pictures may
need to be copied down and enlarged to be usable. CD
This is one of the oldest methods of communicating
messages. Spartan generals exchanged information using twin cylinders and
strips of parchment. The sender would wind the parchment around his
cylinder, or scytale, and write the message in several horizontal lines.
Then he would unwound the ribbon, the letters of the message appeared out of
sequence. Only the person with the matching cylinder was able to rewind the
parchment and restore the original sequence of letters.
2 dowels, each 3/4" - 1" in diameter, 10 - 12" long
Ribbon or paper strips, 1/4" - 1/2" wide. 2 feet long
Felt tip pen
Gently hammer a tack part
way into one of the cylinders about 1/4" down from the top. Do the same to
the second cylinder.
Write your secret code
name on one cylinder. Give the other cylinder to your partner.
To send a message, remove
the tack from the scytale. Stick the tack through the end of the ribbon and
re-insert it. Wrap the ribbon around the scytale in close spirals. Hold or
tape the bottom end in place. Write your message in horizontal lines. Take
the ribbon off and send it to your partner.
To decipher the message,
do the same thing you did to write the message.
SOUND EFFECTS GAME
pack meeting demonstration!
This game is identifying
sounds. The den chief or den leader produces sounds from behind a screen or
in another room, and the Webelos listen. Boys try to identify each sound.
Sample sounds met be --
ping pong ball bouncing on floor, sanding a piece of wood, shuffling a deck
of cards, breaking a twig or stick in half; pushing buttons on telephone,
sawing wood, etc.
Webelos Scouts could
work in the Communicating and Computer Academic belt loops and Pins in
conjunction with this activity badge.
TO TELL THE TRUTH
Actually, Circle Ten’s Book said “What’s my Line” but the game show
described here is the one I named. CD
Let 2 or 3 boys tell a
story about a similar situation, with facts a bit different in each version.
One is telling a true story, the others are not. The rest of the den takes
turns asking the panel questions to determine who is telling the real story.
After telling their initial tales, all boys on the panel must answer all
questions truthfully, even if the answers contradict their original story,
so that the rest of the den can determine the truth teller.
Give boys a general topic
and have each one of them draw a picture about anything to do with that
topic (such as "Space Aliens") String a clothesline up between two trees.
Have first boy come up, hang picture and begin to tell a story about his
picture. After one minute, stop him, have the next boy come and continue
story with his illustration. Continue until all boys have shared and a brand
new story has been communicated to the den! | <urn:uuid:99fbdc54-85d9-4c0a-a7e2-ad6f36b5898b> | CC-MAIN-2021-17 | http://usscouts.org/bbugle/bb0408/bbw2.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-17/segments/1618038069133.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20210412175257-20210412205257-00074.warc.gz | en | 0.918038 | 3,429 | 3.59375 | 4 |
Students learn to:
- identify the origins of the minerals in oceans as:
- outline the role of electron transfer in oxidation-reduction reactions
- identify that oxidation-reduction reactions can occur when ions are free to move in liquid electrolytes
- describe the work of Galvani, Volta, Davy and Faraday in increasing understanding of electron transfer reactions
Extract from Chemistry Stage 6 Syllabus (Amended October 2002). © 2009, Board of Studies NSW. | <urn:uuid:79f09b75-2163-45b4-b5f4-497726bc8fda> | CC-MAIN-2018-39 | https://easychem.com.au/shipwrecks-and-salvage/the-ocean-and-electrolytes/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267164750.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20180926101408-20180926121808-00502.warc.gz | en | 0.867195 | 100 | 3.5625 | 4 |
What is early childhood development it is physical, cognitive, social and emotional development. This is a time when babies are born and they have very little skills or abilities to anything. It is very important when a mother find out that she is having a baby to get her proper rest and prenatal care. It is very important for the mother to go see a doctor as soon as she as she finds out that she is having a baby. The most important development and time for the newborn is in the early stages of life. The bond between a parent and child is the most important bond that should take place early on. And it has been noted that children who do not have this type of bond can have difficulty with thriving in their environments. With physical development it is based on patterns of physical growth and when one matures. And it also comes from genetic and human characteristics as well as abilities and neurological with this development it helps with the motor skills. Cognitive is the changing in a person’s thinking and reasoning and memory. Social-emotional to the changes that occur in a person's feelings, ability to handle feelings and situations, and moral ideas. And I think that the best early childhood teaching is to show the child how to express their feelings, social and emotional interaction which can be child play. When planning working with children you first must observe them so that you can lean their strengths, weakness, interest, fears and joys. This is very important because each child is different and you must be able to deal with them in a different way. Childhood depression is becoming a major issue. And it should not be taken lightly and if you think your child or one that you are in contact with is going thru this please get them help. Now it so many kids killing themselves because of this especially bullying. This happened because kids do not know how to hand the stress or issues they are having. Childhood depression and childhood development of 3
Lifespan go hand in hand because if the child is having problems at an early age and does not receive the proper help. This can lead to childhood depression and other mental illness.
Synopsis of the Lifespan Professional Interview
The topic that I will be talking with my interviewee about is Early Childhood Development and little on Childhood Depression. The person whom I interviewed was Mr. Darren White a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who works with children 0-5 and children and teens ages 8-16. Mr. White has been working with children with mental illness and behavior issues for 14 years now. And when I asked Mr. White did he enjoy what he did, he informed me that he would not change it for the world. Below you find a list of questions that I asked Mr. White. 1. What do you think is the hardest part about trying to understand children’s mind set? The hardest part is trying to get the child to open up to you first and let them know that you are there to help them and not harm them. Because so many of the kids have been abused and mistreated that it is hard for them to open up to you. (D.White Personal Interview August 2012) 2. Do you think that some of the mindset and the behavior of the children are biological? Yes because if a child lives in a negative environment which has abuse and neglect this can cause a lot of emotional and mental problems. This can cause the child to suffer from depression and panic attacks and even eating disorders. And sometimes the children even grow up to have violent behavior or some even turn to drugs. (D.White Personal Interview August 2012) 3. Can some of the way the children are acting come from when they were in the mother’s womb? Some of this behavior can especially if the mother did not take care of herself in the proper manner. A lot of times mother’s think if they get stressed it will not harm the baby but it does | <urn:uuid:5907f61a-aff2-4dd3-a5a7-8cb390da7d5f> | CC-MAIN-2020-24 | https://www.majortests.com/essay/Childhood-Development-605764.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-24/segments/1590347425481.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20200602162157-20200602192157-00377.warc.gz | en | 0.979288 | 788 | 3.109375 | 3 |
Samoa is a country in Oceania, half way between Hawaii and New Zealand. Samoa has two main islands (Savaii and Upolu) and several smaller islands and uninhabited islets. The geography is volcanic and rocky with rugged mountains in the interior. The government system is a parliamentary democracy and the head of government is the Prime Minister. Samoa citizens rely on subsistence agriculture; however, the central government is involved with economic planning and regulation. | <urn:uuid:7ead48d2-3ce1-4314-9ac4-ed5b8f4384b7> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://globaledge.msu.edu/countries/samoa/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422122022571.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124175342-00105-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.962351 | 92 | 2.625 | 3 |
The National Food Production Plan
It is an instrument that comprises a series of interrelated elements including production, post-harvest, marketing, support services and infrastructure strengthening. Phase I focuses on harvesting, livestock, Phase II and Phase III in fishing.
The Plan mentions 16 priority crops, which are: onion, carrot, tomato, pepper, cabbage, eggplant, sweet potatoes, broccoli, cauliflower, lettuce, cucumber, squash, pumpkin, melon, potatoes, cassava, corn, pineapple, fruits, herbs and spices, peppers, sorrel. It also establishes that the projects mentioned below will be carried out:
- Restoration and improvement of five agricultural depots: These will be repaired and modernized to accommodate activities that create and validate environmentally friendly technologies. These activities include the management and conservation of genetic resources and introduction, evaluation and conservation of germplasm. This will benefit farmers, technicians and country.
- Expansion and modernization of the Central Marketing Corporation: This project seeks to improve the quality and range of product handling and marketing facilities available to farmers. This implies greater storage (including a modern warehouse for seeds), training and promotion.
- Improve the facilities of the Central Commercialization Corporation: This is related to post-harvest infrastructure, packaging and storage, as well as commercialization and distribution systems.
- Establishment of a functional system for safe and healthy food: It will expand and modernize the laboratory that is in Dunbars. Once carried out, it will have the ability to test and monitor the quality of food, to determine if they have pesticide residues and perform various analysis.
The system also includes the kitchen and all implements which are necessary for preparing lunches for the National School Meals Program.
|Country||Antigua and Barbuda|
|Classification||Production conditions, Production, Post-production|
Restore and modernize the agricultural sector by strengthening institutional capacity in order to facilitate, regulate and provide supervision and support to entities of the food chain. This is to be achieved through three axes:
Farmers in the country. | <urn:uuid:55b11239-e332-4e7b-8740-7507d9a2d7c9> | CC-MAIN-2020-24 | https://plataformacelac.org/en/politica/3 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-24/segments/1590347388427.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20200525095005-20200525125005-00073.warc.gz | en | 0.890335 | 421 | 2.96875 | 3 |
Lesotho’s snap general elections were historic in that more voters turned out that any previous election. However, the race to form a new government is obviously pitting once allies against each other.
Holding highly contestable and controversial elections in which the result has almost invariably been challenged and contested has created conflicts and undermined development in Zimbabwe.
The implications of the Lesotho snap general election are hard to exaggerate. They are the clearest example of the need for the regional body SADC to act to fix the political impasse.
The narrative concerning diaspora vote from government is nothing short of outrageous, selfishness, greed and unbridled individualism which have become the dominant threads in Zimbabwean politics.
There has been an increase of donations into arts-based programs in conflict zones and programs for persons whose lives have been disrupted by violence.
For election observers to effectively discharge their mandate, scholars and analysts are arguing for embracing of appropriate information communication technologies.
What’s critical at this stage is for the government to take serious steps to resource the Zimbabwe Electoral Commission so that it can effectively carry out its mandate of managing the electoral process.
Discretionary power over use of funds by political parties must be exercised justly, fairy, honestly, and, above all, rationally in order to build viable and democratic institutions.
In Africa, the holding of regular elections has in most cases failed to translate to democracy and peacebuilding. For instance since 2000 Zimbabweans have experienced five national elections.
With the world population having more women than men, it should be clear that with the right political environment women should gain more public elections for government. | <urn:uuid:d2042fe1-435f-4784-ae01-f823076c5519> | CC-MAIN-2019-47 | https://democracychronicles.org/author/farai-chirimumimba/page/4/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-47/segments/1573496670535.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20191120083921-20191120111921-00123.warc.gz | en | 0.959865 | 340 | 2.734375 | 3 |
Our vision for Maths at Hayward's
At Hayward’s, we strive for all children to develop a positive attitude to Maths as an interesting and valuable subject; we do not want children to fear Maths yet have a belief that they can achieve highly.
We strive for all children to become confident when talking about their mathematics, using reasoning – apparatus, diagrams and explanations – to show their understanding; we have high expectations of children’s use of mathematical language.
We strive for all children to understand that Maths is not only the quick recall or computation of number facts – although these are fundamental – but that it is the considered thought and application, using what they know to work through a problem; we want children to feel confident when solving problems and develop a tool kit of problem-solving strategies which they can use inside and outside the classroom.
We strive for all children to develop a range of efficient strategies – their own tool kits – and make choices about how to use their maths; we want children to make decisions and explain them.
We strive for all children to feel challenged but enthused by Maths; we want every child to enjoy and succeed as Mathematicians, understanding its very important place in our world.
We strive for our lessons to be filled with discussion, questioning and exploration.
We strive for all children to embrace struggle/challenge and be comfortable with not getting everything right.
Maths lessons at Hayward’s include the following:
- Daily fluency for knowledge recall
- Reasoning and problem-solving activities, which are incorporated into the maths lessons to develop and deepen mathematical thinking
- Good quality teacher modelling
- Children responding to questions in full sentences so that everyone understands them
- Children having the opportunity to discuss and challenge their thinking
- Connective model:
Teachers will draw from a range of mathematical sources, including NRICH and White Rose Maths.
Care is taken by the teacher to ensure appropriate activities are given to deepen and support a level of understanding amongst the pupils.
Pictures, words, numbers, objects and other mathematical resources are used to help children explore, solve and demonstrate mathematical ideas and deepen their understanding.
Resources are readily available in each classroom to assist children with developing or demonstrating their understanding.
Careful consideration has been given to the Hayward’s calculation policy, which is used to ensure a consistent approach to teaching the four operations in each year group.
Daily arithmetic sessions mean that children are able to build fluency and precision of the four operations.
At the end of each academic year, year group teachers review and amend the Hayward's yearly overview for the following year and the blocks suggested on here are followed.
Parent workshops enable families to appropriately support their children.
Regular home learning is expected of the children. We use two platforms to support this learning: Hit The Button in Years 1 and 2 (aimed at developing the children’s rapid recall of key number facts) and TTRS in KS2 (aimed at developing the children’s rapid recall of key times tables facts).
- Children believe that they will achieve
- Children have the flexibility to move between different contexts and representations of maths
- Children demonstrate a quick recall of year group-appropriate arithmetic facts
- Children are positive in their conversations around maths
- Children understand and are able to apply age-appropriate vocabulary
- Children show a high level of pride in the presentation of their work
- Most children achieve the expected standard for their year group
- Most children make age-appropriate progress | <urn:uuid:9f7f06c2-faab-470f-af54-2d0184fd0a8f> | CC-MAIN-2022-49 | https://www.haywards.org/page/?title=Maths&pid=161 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446710926.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20221203075717-20221203105717-00192.warc.gz | en | 0.938247 | 750 | 3.125 | 3 |
Dyslexia has been described as a difficulty in processing information which may be linked to deficiencies in short-term memory and visual coordination. It is an inherent weakness in short-term memory that is either auditory or visual, which can make it extremely difficult for that person to learn and understand the relation between symbols and spoken sounds. This difficulty allows the person to be unable to correctly speak the correct flow of auditory sounds needed to make a word or sentence sound proper.
The range and severity of the problem of adult dyslexia varies widely between dyslexic people. The main areas of difficulty that occur most often are reading, writing, spelling, numeric, personal organization and time-keeping. However, the degree to which individuals may be affected ranges from mild spelling difficulties to severe organizational problems or complete illiteracy. In all reality there really is no such thing as a typical case of dyslexia.
In some cases people with dyslexia are unaware that they suffer from such a problem whereas others haven't had a confirmed diagnosis until adulthood. Adult dyslexia is difficult to recognize and identify as it's a problem that many people either don't realize they have or they try to hide it. Simple tasks that a person with dyslexia may try to perform may become increasingly more difficult, such as taking down a message, which can lead to frustration and anxiety.
Najlepsza cena: Legimi
Wyślemy Ci maila, gdy cena książki będzie niższa, np.12 zł
W ramach inicjatywy Otwartego dostępu ze strony Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego ściągniemy ponad 200 bezpłatnych książek.
W codziennych wpisach na temat promocji dnia wspominam co jakiś czas o ...
Księgarnia Virtualo obchodzi swoje dwunaste urodziny. Z tej okazji mają dla nas duże promocje rozłożone aż do 6 lipca.
W tym artykule przedstawię ogólną zapowiedź. Będę na te oferty zwracał uwagę w&n... | <urn:uuid:e475622c-f506-44c1-a127-ed63933a927d> | CC-MAIN-2019-26 | https://ebooki.swiatczytnikow.pl/ebook/9783961122042,anthony-ekanem--adult-dyslexia.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560628000610.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20190627015143-20190627041143-00019.warc.gz | en | 0.771154 | 535 | 3.578125 | 4 |
As part of a large public experiment, in 2008 Remote Viewers from three Separate Remote Viewing schools participated in a joint Remote Viewing project to study climate and planetary change between the years 2008 and 2013.
The Remote Viewers were blindly tasked against nine locations both in the timezone of 2008 (as a baseline) and then against 2013 to see if this showed any changes in climate for these target zones.
Please note: When the Remote Viewers were Remote Viewing the targets – targets hadn’t even been assigned to locations yet. This was done after all the Remote Viewing had been completed and posted publicly, by a random process. The mechanism behind the project chose the locations and time zones by a random process and more detail on this can be found here.
The final predictive 2013 Remote viewing data seemed to indicate global climate changes across all nine target locations chosen for the project.
This project describes climate change events across nine geographical locations. The target locations are:
- Fort Jesus, Mombasa Kenya
- Kennedy Space Center, Merritt Island, Florida
- Key West, Florida
- KITV Building, Honolulu, Hawaii
- Malé International Airport, Malé, Maldives
- Mount Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
- Sydney Opera House, Sydney, Australia
- United States Congress Building, Washington, D.C.
- Vaitupu, Tuvalu
“In general, these remote-viewing data suggest the following types of physical changes across many of the above geographical locations by mid-2013:
- Impacts from what appear to be large meteors, tsunamis and possible volcanism
- Extensive and forceful flooding of coastal areas
- Excessive solar radiation
- Storms and other severe weather”
Click the location links above for a summary of the Remote Viewing data for each of the four main locations. During 2013 we will post updates and any feedback data that occurs in the news & media for comparison.
For full information on this project please click here! | <urn:uuid:201b1e8e-3c34-4cc4-84be-502db8e477af> | CC-MAIN-2021-49 | http://www.climatechange2013.com/?page_id=10 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-49/segments/1637964363598.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20211208205849-20211208235849-00257.warc.gz | en | 0.909858 | 419 | 3.09375 | 3 |
Arshile Gorky (1904 – 1948) based this portrait of himself and his mother on a photograph taken in his native Armenia in 1912, when he was eight years old. Three years later, during the Ottoman Turk campaign of ethnic cleansing against the Armenians, Gorky, his mother and his younger sister all survived a death march. Tragically, his mother never recovered her health. She died in 1919 from starvation — one of the estimated one million to one and a half million victims of what is now widely referred to as the Armenian genocide. The following year, at the age of fifteen Gorky emigrated to the United States with his sister. As Gorky established his career as an artist, he became preoccupied with the photograph. The Artist and His Mother, made over the span of ten years (1926 – 1936) does not attempt to reproduce the camera’s image precisely, but instead reduces it to broad areas of muted, softly brushed color. The mask-like faces and undefined hands of the figures at once suggest their loss of physical connection and the difficulty of accessing memories over time.
Photographed in the Whitney Museum in NYC. | <urn:uuid:e9bfddf8-3a85-42d9-8e5f-791f9945188a> | CC-MAIN-2018-51 | https://worleygig.com/2017/11/13/modern-art-monday-present-arshile-gorky-the-artist-and-his-mother/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-51/segments/1544376823183.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20181209210843-20181209232843-00330.warc.gz | en | 0.986633 | 234 | 3.3125 | 3 |
What is the Gospel of Thomas about?
The Gospel of Thomas isn’t really “about” anything. Well, it isn’t and it is. That’s because the Gospel of Thomas doesn’t tell a story. It’s a collection -- a list -- of 114 sayings attributed to Jesus, many just a sentence or two in length. The sayings usually don’t refer to any narrated action. The book therefore lacks a sense of plot or development, and it has no discussion of Jesus’ deeds, death, or resurrection, It reads like those page-a-day desk calendars, except that, instead of 365 Dilbert cartoons or definitions of fancy words, you get 114 quotations.
They aren’t even “greatest quotes.” Sometimes “strangest quotes” seems more appropriate. A lot of the pronouncements and parables come across as deliberately obscure, as you can judge for yourself (read the book here). No wonder no one’s tried to package it as a desk calendar -- yet.
No one knows who wrote the Gospel of Thomas, or even how widely read it was in the ancient world. A copy of the complete document was discovered only in 1945. (Small portions of the book had been found earlier.) Some ancient Christian authors refer to it, and when they do they are wary of how it depicts Jesus and his message. Still, we know that it circulated in multiple languages probably between the years 150 and 350.
Debates about the Gospel of Thomas and other “extracanonical books” (ancient writings that did not make it into the Bible) have come into vogue in recent years. The majority of New Testament scholars rightly doubts that the Gospel of Thomas offers much by way of new or unique insight into the real, historical Jesus of Nazareth.
What does it say?
A few of the book’s quotations resemble words we also find in the biblical Gospels. For example, the 54th saying in Thomas is very close to Luke 6:20 (“Blessed are you who are poor, for yours is the kingdom of God”). Those sayings may reflect traditions, or remembrances, that many ancient Christians cherished, and that may go back to words Jesus actually spoke.
On the other hand, many quotations in Thomas are quite strange. Consider the 22nd saying, which reads: “When you make the two into one, and when you make the inside like the outside and the outside like the inside, and what is above like what is below, and when you make male and female into a single one, so that the male will not be male nor the female be female, when you make a pair of eyes in place of one eye, a hand in place of a hand, a foot in place of a foot, an image in place of an image, then you will enter [the Kingdom].”1
And you thought Jesus said some confusing stuff in the biblical Gospels.
As for understanding why the Gospel of Thomas isn’t in the Bible -- read it, and compare it to what you see in the New Testament. It’s a very different kind of book, presenting a quite different Jesus.
By and large, ancient Christians were willing to embrace the different emphases that can be observed across the Gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John. The Jesus in the Gospel of Thomas, however, just looked too strange, too unfamiliar to those readers -- much too far outside the mainstream memories of who Jesus was and what made his life and death so important.
After all, the Gospel of Thomas is hardly the only ancient “gospel” that was kept out of the Bible. More than 30 books written before the year 600 are referred to as a “gospel.” Again, most of these look very, very different from the four that got into the New Testament.
Where did it come from?
The Gospel of Thomas likely came from a group of people sometimes called “gnostics.” These folk tried to make teachings about Jesus mesh with certain philosophical principles that grew in popularity especially between the years 100 and 200. There’s a lot we could say about these gnostic ideas and their influence on Christianity, but most other ancient Christians firmly rejected them, considering them an innovation -- a departure from foundational Christian convictions about Jesus. Gnostic ideas tended to conflict with the belief that Jesus had been a real person with a real body, and that he spoke a message rooted in Jewish beliefs about the God revealed in the Hebrew scriptures (the Christian Old Testament).
A few scholars insist that Thomas -- or parts of it -- was written around the same time as, if not earlier than, the biblical Gospels (which are usually dated between the years 66–100). Maybe you’ve heard of The Jesus Seminar, which made a lot of fuss (and a lot of money) when they published a book called The Five Gospels in 1993. Those scholars tried to give Thomas a place at the table with Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John in their efforts to determine which gospel sayings may have really come from Jesus’ mouth.
Remind me again -- why should we care?
Certainly parts of Thomas reflect well-traveled and perhaps authentic words attributed to Jesus. Yet the book’s odder parts indicate that it was produced later, probably between the years 100 and 140, as gnostic ideas became more influential. Probably gnostic Christians took material from Matthew, Mark, and Luke and altered it, making Jesus more a disseminator of secret mysteries than an inaugurator of God’s kingdom on earth.
The Gospel of Thomas tells us more about different theological movements vying with one another about a century after Jesus left this earth than it tells us about Jesus and how his earliest followers understood him. That’s interesting stuff, but it also makes for a pretty good reason for not including the book in the Bible.
1. Translation by K. C. Hanson, available at: http://www.kchanson.com/PTJ/thomas2.html | <urn:uuid:950a7c07-4282-4ac1-8601-1a8f4a23e669> | CC-MAIN-2020-34 | http://www.enterthebible.org/blog.aspx?m=3783&post=779 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-34/segments/1596439738595.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20200809222112-20200810012112-00348.warc.gz | en | 0.962221 | 1,277 | 3.28125 | 3 |
This is a pretty good discussion of aircraft powerplant considerations for today’s light planes.
Only thing Id add to it is basically economy of scale. Ie if aero engine manufacturers had the economy of scale of the big car brands, then the price of aero engines would drop.
You can get a second hand but practically new sports bike engine for around $2000. We are talking Suzuki Hayabusa 200 horse power (This motorbike does 330KMH). I think this is an ideal candidate for an aero engine on a budget, but it needs some redundancy features implemented some how and also a way to adjust mixture with altitude.
You can try then using a car or motor bike engine in a plane. You get cheap hi-tech engines. But they are lacking the features that are usually found in aero engines, usually centred around redundancy and reliability. Also car engines dont really focus on mixture adjustment for regular trips to higher altitudes. Traditionally aero engines use two magnetos for safety and redundancy. So you get your spark for your spark plugs from magnetos, so a battery is not required, but in a car engine, the spark comes from the battery and the alternator charges the battery. So if the single alternator goes, or if the battery fails, then the spark stops and so too the engine.
Here is a replica Bugatti powered by two Hayabusa engines! | <urn:uuid:c6aa5da5-591b-4d52-b130-a73912f7a32d> | CC-MAIN-2020-40 | https://froggyfrog9000.com/2020/02/03/aero-engines/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-40/segments/1600402130531.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20200930235415-20201001025415-00595.warc.gz | en | 0.934963 | 289 | 2.546875 | 3 |
- Development & Aid
- Economy & Trade
- Human Rights
- Global Governance
- Civil Society
Saturday, December 10, 2016
After decades of research, the third phase of testing on the vaccine, RTS,S found that the drug reduced malaria rates among infants by about a third.
Researchers had hoped for a higher efficacy rate that would have allowed RTS,S doses to be incorporated into the standard round of initial vaccinations that newborns receive.
The disappointing results follow surprisingly positive results last year where RTS,S was almost twice as effective on slightly older children aged five to 17 months.
While it would be easier to administer a single early vaccine on infants, researchers say that given the surprising results, they will look into additional strengthening options, such as a booster for toddlers. /IPS (END//2012) | <urn:uuid:0acad710-017a-43d7-9110-5c5d5a78eb32> | CC-MAIN-2016-50 | http://ipsinternational.org/africa/radio/nota.asp?idnews=6089 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-50/segments/1480698542851.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20161202170902-00044-ip-10-31-129-80.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.956411 | 170 | 3.03125 | 3 |
Currently, AT&T’s 5G network has three main parts. The first is low-band, which reaches more than 255 million people in the United States. The second is mid-band, which is similar to Verizon’s C-band network. And the third is millimeter-wave (mmWave). These three frequencies provide different speeds and capabilities.
With AT&T’s low-band network, you can access faster data and more reliable connectivity. It’s available in more than 16,000 cities. Compared to mmWave, low-band signals have a lower capacity, but they do have a higher coverage. In addition, these frequencies aren’t as visible as higher-band frequencies, so they’re more useful in dense areas.
The second part of AT&T’s 5G network is mid-band, which is a technology that’s similar to Verizon’s C-band spectrum. It’s expected to be in dozens more cities by 2022.
Meanwhile, the millimeter-wave (mmWave) 5G network is in 38 American cities, including Baltimore MD, Las Vegas NV, Indianapolis, MI, and San Francisco CA. This technology provides very fast speeds, but it’s only available in high-traffic indoor spaces.
Low-band, mid-band, and high-band spectrum
Generally speaking, the Low-band, Mid-band, and High-band spectrum of 5G is the three broad buckets that will shape future wireless networks. Each has its own strengths and limitations, and all three will play a role in the 5G ecosystem.
High-band is a spectrum band that provides ultra-fast download and upload speeds. It also serves as the foundation for machine-to-machine applications, as well as videoconferencing, augmented reality, and other innovative uses.
Low-band is a spectrum band that offers a wide range of coverage. The signal can easily pass through walls and buildings, and is particularly effective in rural areas. The signal can travel hundreds of square miles, making it an ideal band for 5G networks.
Mid-band is a spectrum band that covers frequencies between two and seven GHz. It is also a good candidate for high-capacity city-wide 5G. This spectrum provides a balanced compromise between fast speed and coverage.
This type of spectrum is also important for many college campuses, smart cities, and business parks. It is also compatible with international roaming, which helps to ensure global coverage.
Various carriers are building and deploying 5G networks. There are several factors that can influence 5G speed. This includes the type of network and the RF channel. It also depends on the BS load.
The first thing to know is that the top 5G speeds aren’t attainable on day one. The technology will take some time to be fully implemented. This will include a new set of applications such as IoT, machine-to-machine, and smart stadiums.
In addition, the 3GPP specifications have to be followed to see the full benefit of 5G. This includes an average download speed of 1.4 to 14 times that of 4G. The maximum upload speed is only achievable when the device is connected to the 5G cell.
The most obvious benefit of 5G is the speed. This can be measured in gigabits per second or GBs per second. The top of the line speeds can be obtained with a dedicated fixed wireless access system.
The best 5G download speed is obtained when the user connects to a 5G cell that supports a million devices on the same cellular network. A 1Gbps connection can download an HD movie in under 36 seconds.
Using 5G technology, industrial applications can improve the efficiency of on-site operations. It can also be combined with other technologies to enhance the overall operation of a company. In addition, the technology can be used to create new business models for industry.
For example, a factory in Nanjing, China, uses machine vision to check for defects on its factory equipment. Moreover, automated transportation in the workshop and finished product warehouse is made possible through 5G and IoT. The factory also uses low-latency sensors for preventative maintenance. The company reports that its productivity has been boosted by one percent.
In another example, China Mobile has partnered with firefighters to use 5G-powered drones for fire fighting. These drones are like firefighter eyes in the sky. The company has also rolled out 350,000 5G base stations in all Chinese cities.
Ericsson has joined with Fraunhofer-Institute for Production Technology (IPT) to explore the possibilities of 5G in the industrial sector. They are currently conducting tests to assess the potential of 5G in industrial applications. In particular, they are testing 5G sensor technology and other innovative technologies to enhance the safety and productivity of industrial processes. | <urn:uuid:9eca43f5-2e8c-4425-af84-e96e832afb90> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://hildenbrewing.com/what-is-5g/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679103464.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20231211013452-20231211043452-00749.warc.gz | en | 0.951368 | 1,012 | 2.5625 | 3 |
By this time the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia under Victor Emmanuel II had joined the fight for Italian unification and his naval forces began to shell the city. The siege of Gaeta was the defining moment in the life and short reign of Queen Maria Sophie. She was constantly on the walls, caring for the wounded, encouraging the troops, shouting defiance at the enemy and sharing her food with the hungry soldiers. It was, however, a hopeless fight and the King and Queen were forced to give up Gaeta and go to Rome where they established a government-in-exile which was recognized by most of Europe. They were honored guests of the Papal court but the position of the Pope was under the same threat that had already befallen their own country.
The marriage of Francis II and Marie Sophie was not always without problems but things did improve somewhat following the birth of their daughter in 1869 though the child only lived a few months. When Italian nationalist troops conquered Rome in 1870, ending the era of Papal rule, the King and Queen went to Bavaria where Francis II died in 1894. However, Queen Maria Sophie continued to preside over a Two-Sicilies court-in-exile and never gave up hope for a restoration of her adopted kingdom. During World War I (not surprisingly for a Bavarian princess) the Queen sided with Germany and Austria and hoped that the defeat of Italy might to lead to the restoration of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. However, that was not to be but it is remarkable that the Queen generated so much respect and admiration, even from those who would be her most extreme political enemies such as the famous Italian ultra-nationalist Gabriele d'Annunzio who called her the "stern little Bavarian eagle". The Queen died still in exile in Munich in 1925 but her remains were later moved to Naples where she rests with her short-lived daughter in the Church of Santa Chiara. | <urn:uuid:c00c53d2-a8a0-4d22-ae6d-cb8d74c21375> | CC-MAIN-2018-05 | http://madmonarchist.blogspot.com/2009/05/consort-profile-queen-maria-sophie.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-05/segments/1516084893629.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20180124090112-20180124110112-00715.warc.gz | en | 0.987743 | 400 | 3.09375 | 3 |
IMPROVING GLOBAL HEALTH
through water, sanitation, and hygiene programs worldwide
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Diarrheal diseases kill approximately 1.8 million people per year. Globally, approximately 2.5 billion cases of diarrhea occur among children under 5 years old every year. About 80 percent of those cases are in Africa and South Asia. The World Health Organization (WHO) and World Bank promote hand washing with soap as the most efficient and cost effective intervention to reduce this tragic statistic.
Besides combatting diseases such as pneumonia and diarrhea, improved hygiene with soap also addresses a wide range of lesser known, but nevertheless debilitating, tropical diseases. These illnesses often are neglected by an overwhelmed medical system in developing countries.
Improving health and saving lives requires not only access to soap but also a holistic approach that focuses on ongoing education and integrates proper hygiene into a comprehensive program that also addresses water and sanitation as well. We work to generate a locally sustainable impact in each community we serve, which requires a localized approach and long-term investment strategies to avoid the type of unintended consequences that often come with humanitarian aid. Around the world we currently focus on six strategic program areas.
CLEAN THE WORLD FOUNDATION HAS SERVED OVER
PEOPLE IN OVER 127 COUNTRIES | <urn:uuid:6ca0c2b6-8bdf-40f9-8e4a-127247d3d50e> | CC-MAIN-2018-17 | https://cleantheworldfoundation.org/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-17/segments/1524125945624.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20180422154522-20180422174522-00556.warc.gz | en | 0.944652 | 266 | 3.28125 | 3 |
It is suggested that adults over the age of 20 see an optometrist every 16 to 24 months for a routine eye exam. During these consultations an optometrist will perform a thorough eye examination to determine whether there has been any changes in your vision and to ensure your eyes are healthy. These routine eye exams are important an important step when it comes to early detection of potential issues with your vision or your eyes.
Below we will review how a good eye exam is performed and what to expect during your routine checkup!
An optometrist will perform standard tests to establish how healthy your eyes are. These may include a colour sensitivity test, peripheral vision test, and cover test. In some cases, an optometrist will use an autorefractor to measure your vision prescription correctly and get insights into your vision needs.
A good eye exam includes a pupillary reaction test. For this, a light is used to check your pupils’ responsiveness. The light response is a natural function, and it is vital for your overall vision. Also, the pupillary reactions test is a good opportunity to check for signs of dry eye or bacterial debris.
Visual acuity test
Another important step in a good eye examination is the visual acuity test. It is a popular part of an eye exam. You will have to read an eye chart filled with different letters and numbers. The goal is to assess your ability to read correctly and identify the symbols. If you are having a hard time understanding the letters and numbers, you might be in need of a prescription.
A slit light test is when an optometrist shines a vertical bar of light into your eye to enlarge your eye’s surface. This test is useful for inspecting cornea and iris potential abnormalities. During this test, you might be asked to stare or blink.
The last step of an eye exam is the pupil dilation test. By dilating your eyes, your optometrist establishes whether your retina and optic nerve are healthy. For this test, the professional will put a few drops in your eyes to enlarge your pupil. The goal is to allow more light in to offer a better view of your eye. Keep in mind that after this test, you will be sensitive to light, so it is recommended to avoid sitting in direct sunlight for a couple of days.
The above is an outline of some of the factors to expect when a good eye exam is performed. We recommend you schedule regular eye exams even if you are not experiencing any discomfort or issues with your vision. Identifying potential issues with your vision during the early stages can significantly improve your chances of correcting the issue. | <urn:uuid:6ce02789-e86e-4e55-95e9-851aa6caa5c2> | CC-MAIN-2022-21 | https://newopticalpalace.com/2022/04/13/what-does-a-good-eye-exam-look-like/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662584398.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220525085552-20220525115552-00554.warc.gz | en | 0.933037 | 560 | 2.890625 | 3 |
What is Biodiesel?
Biodiesel is a renewable, clean-burning diesel replacement that is reducing U.S. dependence on foreign petroleum, creating jobs and improving the environment.
Made from a diverse mix of feedstocks including recycled cooking oil, soybean oil, and animal fats, it is the first and only EPA-designated Advanced Biofuel in commercial-scale production across the country and the first to reach 1 billion gallons of annual production. Meeting strict technical fuel quality and engine performance specifications, it can be used in existing diesel engines without modification and is covered by all major engine manufacturers’ warranties, most often in blends of up to 5 percent or 20 percent biodiesel. It is produced at plants in nearly every state in the country.(read more)
Benefits of Biodiesel
Reduces carbon dioxide emissions.
The energy from waste cooking oil is recovered and converted into a product – a domestic, renewable, alternative fuel.
Eight Common Myths About Biodiesel
Despite evidence to the contrary, these myths, and many more, persist. Click here to find out the whole story.
- Meeting biofuels mandates would cause the United States to radically lower food production, causing worldwide price increases as well as food riots around the world.
- Biofuels cause higher carbon emissions, instead of lowering them.
- Biofuels use more energy in their production than they provide as a transport fuel.
- All biofuels have lower fuel economy than comparable fossil fuels.
- Cellulosic biofuels will be five years away, forever.
- President Obama wants everyone to use algae-based biofuels that cost $26 per gallon.
- Biofuels require massive subsidies.
- Natural gas is a renewable fuel, too, and should receive the same advantages as biofuels. | <urn:uuid:8582e83d-be08-4fc4-8ed5-b50b4133bd3c> | CC-MAIN-2018-43 | http://michigan.anewtc.com/biodiesel-facts/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-43/segments/1539583512382.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20181019082959-20181019104459-00336.warc.gz | en | 0.9287 | 376 | 3.53125 | 4 |
Published on Mar 12, 2016
Virtual surgery, in general is a Virtual Reality Technique of simulating surgery procedure, which help Surgeons improve surgery plans and practice surgery process on 3D models.
The simulator surgery results can be evaluated before the surgery is carried out on real patient. Thus helping the surgeon to have clear picture of the outcome of surgery. If the surgeon finds some errors, he can correct by repeating the surgical procedure as many number of times and finalising the parameters for good surgical results. The surgeon can view the anatomy from wide range of angles. This process, which cannot be done on a real patient in the surgery, helps the surgeon correct the incision, cutting, gain experience and therefore improve the surgical skills.
The virtual surgery is based on the patient specific model, so when the real surgery takes place, the surgeon is already familiar with all the specific operations that are to be employed.
3D Image Simulation
The first step in this is to generate a 3D model of the part of the body that undergo surgery Simulating human tissues-beit tooth enamel, skin or blood vessels-often starts with a sample from a flesh and blood person that is we should have a 3D model of the part of the body. Using computer graphics we first construct a reference model. Depending on this simulation needed, anatomical images can be derived from a series of patient's Magnetic Resonance Images (MRI), Computed Tomography (CT) or video recording, which are 2D images. These images are segmented using various segmentation methods like SNAKE'. The final model is obtained by deforming the reference model with constraints imposed by segmentation results. The image is digitally mapped on to the polygonal mesh representing whatever part of the body on organ is being examined. Each vortex of the polygon is assigned attributes like colour and reflectivity from the reference model.
For the user to interact with the graphics there must be software algorithms that can calculate the whereabouts of the virtual instrument and determines whether it has collide with a body part or anything else. The other thing is, we should have algorithms to solve how it looks or behave when the body part is cut. We need models of how various tissues behave when cut, prodded, punctured and so on. Here VR designers often portray the tissue as polygonal meshes that react like an array of masses connected by springs and dampers. The parameters of this model can then be tweaked to match what a physician experiences during an actual procedure. To create graphic that move without flickering collision detection and tissue deformation must be calculated at least 30 times/sec.
Advances in medical graphic allows ordinary medical scan of a patient anatomy be enhanced into virtual 3D views-a clear advantage for surgeon who preparing to do complicated procedures. Scans from MRJ and CT produces a series of things slices of the anatomy divided into volume data point or voxels, these slices are restacked and turned into 3D images by a computer. These 3D images are color enhanced to highlight, say bone or blood vessels.
WHAT IS A VIRTUAL SURGER SIMULATOR?
The VR simulator basically consists of a powerful PC which runs the software and an interfacer- haptic interfacer- for the user to interact with the virtual environment. Usually the haptic interfacer works on force feedback loop.
The force feedback systems are haptic interfaces that output forces reflecting input forces and position information obtained from the participant. These devices come in the form of gloves, pens, joystick and exoskeletons.
The figure (5.1) shows a haptic feedback loop, how human sense of touch interacting with a. VR system. A human hands moves the end effecter-shown here with haemostat-of a haptic device causing the device to relay its position via sensors to a computer running a VR simulation.
The computer determines what force should oppose that collision and relays force information to actuators or brakes or both, which push back against the end effecter. In the left hand loop, forces on the end effecter are detected and relayed to user’s brain. The brain, for example, commands the muscle to contract, in order to balance or overcome the force at the end effecter.
In medical applications, it is important that the haptic devices convey the entire spectrum of textures from rigid to elastic to fluid materials. It also essential that force feedback occur in real time to convey a sense of realism.
The rest of the system consists mostly of off-the-shelf components. The haptic device’s driver card plugs into usually a 500MHz PC equipped with a standard graphic card and a regular colour monitor. The software includes a database of graphical and haptic information representing the surgery part. The graphics, including deformation of virtual objects is calculated separately from the haptic feedback, because the latter must be updated much more frequently.
Tele-surgery allows surgeons to operate on people who are physically separated from themselves. This is usually done through a master-slave robot, with imaging supplies through video cameras configured to provide a stereoscopic view. The surgeon relies on a 3D virtual representation of the patient and benefit from dexterity enhancement afforded by the robotic apparatus’ prototype tele manipulator has been used to successfully perform basic vascular and urologic procedures in swine’s. More advanced system has been used to perform Coronary Anastomosis on exvivo swine hearts and in human undergoing endoscopic Coronary Artery Bypass grafting.
The second step in the simulation of surgery is simulating haptic-touch sensation. Physicians rely a great deal on their sense of touch for everything from routine diagnosis to complex, life saving surgical procedure. So haptics, or the abili to simulate touch, goes a long way to make virtual reality simulators more life like.
It also add a layer of technology that can stump the standard microprocessor. While the brain can be tricked into seeing seamless motion by flipping through 30 or so images per second, touch signals need to be refreshed up to once a millisecond. The precise rate at which a computer must update a haptic interface varies depending on what type of virtual surface is encountered-soft object require lower update rates than harder objects.
A low update rate may not prevent a users surgical instrument from sinking into the virtual flesh, but in soft tissues that sinking is what is expected. If we want something to come to an abrupt
stop that is in the case of born, etc it requires a higher update rates than bumping into something a little squishy like skin, liver etc.
But still, simulating squish is no easy task either. The number of collision point between a virtual squishy object and a virtual instrument is larger and more variable than between a virtual rigid object and an instrument. Most difficult to simulate is two floppy objects interacting with each other-such as colon and sigmoidocope, the long bendable probe used to view the colon-because of multiple collision point. In addition, the mechanics of such interaction are complicated, because each object may deform the other.
For simulating touch sensation, we have to calculate the forces applied to cut, prodde, puncture the various tissues. Also how they react or behave when cut, prodded, punctured using surgical instruments. First we have to make physical models of various tissues. The major difficulty in modeling organs is the physical behavior as they have all kinds of complexities-they are anistropic, non homogeneous and nonlinear. In addition, a great deal more physical measurement of tissues will be needed to make realistic haptic maps of complicated parts of the body such as abdomen.
Physical model is made assuming that tissues are polygon meshes that interact like an array of masses connected by springs and dampers. The parameter values are derived using complex nonlinear equations. The reaction forces are also calculated.
In coming years, VR designers hope to gain a better understanding of true mechanical behavior of various tissues and organs in the body. If the haptic device is to give a realistic impression of say pressing the skin on a patient’s arm, the mechanical contributions of the skin, the fatty tissue benefit, muscle and even bone must be summed up. The equations to solve such a complex problem are known, but so far the calculations cannot be made fast enough to update a display at 30Hz, let alone update a haptic interface at 500-1000Hz.
More Seminar Topics:
Treating Cardiac Disease With Catheter-Based Tissue Heating,
Palm Vein Technology,
Optical Coherence Tomography,
Micro Electronic Pill, | <urn:uuid:f41f3e98-3730-4026-b8b5-f4f6b96e3193> | CC-MAIN-2018-51 | https://www.seminarsonly.com/Bio-Medical-Engineering/Virtual-Surgery.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-51/segments/1544376828056.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20181217020710-20181217042710-00313.warc.gz | en | 0.909873 | 1,774 | 3.71875 | 4 |
A rare and shallow earthquake struck along the coast of Wales, United Kingdom on May 29, 2013 at 03:16 UTC. EMSC initially reported magnitude 5.5 but decreased it to M 4.2 by latest report. Depth is reported at 8 km by EMSC, USGS measured it at 9.9 km and reports M 3.9.
GFZ reports M 4.3 and depth of 10 km. The data is still based on preliminary reports. Magnitude information still has frequent changes ranging from M 3.9 - M 4.3 (5.5).
Epicenter was located in the Irish Sea, 48km (30mi) W of Nefyn, United Kingdom and 80km (50mi) ESE of Dublin, Ireland at coordinates 52.995°N 5.220°W.
Today’s earthquake is the largest in North Wales since a magnitude 4.3 earthquake that struck on August 18, 1984. The epicenter is approximately 20 km west of the epicenter of the largest recorded earthquake on mainland Britain, which occurred on July 19, 1984 with a magnitude of 5.4 and which was felt over much of England and Wales and caused some superficial damage. (ER)
EMSC reader near the epicenter described the earthquake as a massive loud bang that sounded like a plane had crashed or something had exploded. He then describes a shaking and rumbling that went on for about a minute. The house was literally shaking, he said. Another EMSC reader said that after having the 1984 earthquake at the same location this did not feel so strong.
No damage was reported yet.
This seismicity maps have been generated by concatenating the ISC catalogue (since 1964), the EMSC Euro-Med Bulletin catalogue and the EMSC Real Time catalogue. Therefore, they show the seismicity from 1964 until the earthquake occurrence. Credit: EMSC
Featured image: USGS/Leaflet | <urn:uuid:6f512c32-8219-4078-b8bf-523818218a88> | CC-MAIN-2014-23 | http://thewatchers.adorraeli.com/2013/05/29/rare-earthquake-along-the-coast-of-wales-united-kingdom/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-23/segments/1405997858581.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20140722025738-00002-ip-10-33-131-23.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.970466 | 395 | 2.84375 | 3 |
One modest machine, the cream separator, made a huge impact on the life of the rural dweller. C. G. de Laval of Sweden introduced his centrifugal cream separator in 1879. Early machines were large and intended for commercial use. Smaller, hand-cranked separators probably became available in Nebraska in the 1890s, as indicated by ads in Nebraska Farmer. The hand cream separator was called "the mortgage lifter" because it enabled farm wives to make more money with less effort by selling their cream rather than churning it into butter themselves. Creameries mass-produced butter, and by 1928 Nebraska was the fourth largest butter-maker in the country.
J. R. Roberts began Roberts Dairy in 1906
on a farm near Lincoln. Today the company has plants in Des Moines
and Iowa City, Iowa, Kansas City, Missouri, and Omaha. Wagon and boxes courtesy: Roberts Dairy,
NSHS Home | Search | Index | Top | Back | Next | <urn:uuid:903286b0-dbc3-491f-8fa6-8eea5760e8b5> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://nebraskahistory.org/sites/mnh/neb-made/dairy.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422121961657.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124175241-00121-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.955182 | 203 | 2.984375 | 3 |
Parents may not recognize on sight a JUUL or similar pod-type electronic cigarette, but many of today’s tweens and teens will. These have quickly become the leading vapes of choice for the legions of U.S. e-cig users 18 and under. Vaping isn’t a healthy choice for anyone. And, new data show, these pod-type e-cigs might just be the worst choice of all for kids who have decided to experiment with tobacco products.
U.S. minors cannot legally buy vapes. And that’s one reason the majority of them find these pod-like devices so appealing, says Bonnie Halpern-Felsher. She’s a developmental psychologist at Stanford University in California. These pod vapes have a deceptively large amount of nicotine, she notes.
That nicotine can harm the developing brain, adds Suchitra Krishnan-Sarin. Whether kids know it or not, their brains will undergo a lot of developmental changes between the ages of 10 and 25. Krishnan-Sarin works at the Yale University School of Medicine, in New Haven, Conn. There, she studies how nicotine affects smokers and vapers.
Most nicotine research has taken place in rodents. “In adolescent animals,” she notes, “nicotine is a neurotoxin.” It keeps the brain from maturing normally during adolescence. This can harm the ability to learn, to make memories and to maintain attention, she explains. It can even lead to hyperactivity.
Krishnan-Sarin spoke at a news briefing for reporters earlier this year. Adolescent animals, she noted, “are very sensitive to even low levels of nicotine.” And that, she explained, “means they get addicted very easily.” The same, she added, is likely true for human teens.
Yet some kids aren’t aware that pod-like e-cigs contain any nicotine. That was one finding of a new survey. At an October workshop at the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Md., Halpern-Felsher and her Stanford colleague Karma McKelvey shared data from their survey of 445 teens and young adults. Each had been asked whether they knew about — or used — pod-like e-cigarettes. The researchers focused on such devices, they said, because JUUL now accounts for between 70 and 85 percent of e-cigarettes vaped in the United States.
Nearly one-quarter of the students said they had vaped. Of those, more than half said they had used JUUL or other pod-like e-cigs. These devices all are really small. And they don’t look like earlier types of e-cigs. Those had resembled mechanical cigarettes or were clunky. JUUL’s sleek pods look a bit like thumb drives. What’s more, they release a relatively small cloud of the vapors from which vaping takes its name.
But these devices hold more nicotine than most earlier e-cigarettes, says Halpern-Felsher. Each JUUL pod, for instance, contains 41.3 milligrams. That’s as much nicotine, she notes, as someone can get smoking 26 to 40 conventional cigarettes (depending on how they are puffed).
Moreover, the salt-based form of nicotine in the pods feels less harsh than the nicotine in true cigarettes and earlier e-cigs. So the pods’ nicotine is less likely to turn off a new user, Halpern-Felsher says. And that may encourage kids to overdo it as they experiment.
Some kids are already paying a high price for their covert vaping. Data released Dec. 18 by a federally funded study — Monitoring the Future — finds that 8.1 percent of U.S. 12th graders say they are hooked on vaping. That’s more than twice the 2018 number. What’s more, Halpern-Felsher has found, most teens “don’t recognize how addicted they are.” Some nicotine addicts she surveyed didn’t realize they were hooked at all.
Yet newly emerging data suggest the nicotine delivery by pod-like e-cigs likely makes them at least as addictive as cigarettes.
‘Juuling’ has become a teen thing
Those pods have become so big that they now define much of teen vaping, note Halpern-Felsher and others. Ask kids if they vape and some may say no. To them, she explains, they’re doing something cooler: “juuling.”
Liam Dell, 17, agrees. He’s seen it throughout his Buffalo, N.Y., community. When scientists at the Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center asked this City Honors School student what his classmates were using, “I said JUUL,” Liam recalls. “You can’t get around it as a high-schooler. You see kids using it as they walk down the street. You see it at friends’ houses. You even see it at school. It’s absolutely everywhere.” Kids describe their use of these devices as juuling, he says.
Even some adults may not view JUUL use as conventional vaping, notes Taylor Reed. She’s a research associate who conducts vaping studies in and around New York City. One of her roles, at New York University Medical School, is setting up in-home visits. “Typically,” she says, “on the phone, I’ll ask an adult if anyone [in their home] uses tobacco or nicotine products. And some will say, ‘No, I juul.” They don’t see a pod as a tobacco product.
But the U.S. Food and Drug Administration does. It describes e-cigs as ENDS — short for electronic nicotine delivery systems. Because tobacco is the source of that nicotine, FDA has ruled vapes as tobacco products. Indeed, e-cigs were developed as a way for smokers to wean themselves off cigarettes. Because smokers are addicted to nicotine, e-cigs would help smokers only if they could supply that nicotine.
Yet many teens who never smoked don’t know that, Halpern-Felsher has found.
But Liam does. In fact, he did a study of JUUL’s nicotine as part of his sophomore science fair project. We caught up with him in Pittsburgh, Penn., where his work was being judged as part of the Intel International Science and Engineering Fair. (That fair is a program of Society for Science & the Public, which publishes this magazine.)
Small device, big hits
For his chemistry analyses, Liam used instruments at that nearby Roswell Park cancer center. He confirmed that JUUL vapors carry more nicotine than standard e-cig vapors. His data also show they dispense what he describes as “a more addictive form” of nicotine. Known as non-ionized (Non-EYE-oh-nyzed) salts, it “is able to bond more easily to your lungs and to your brain,” he says. “So you could say it sticks more.”
The manufacturer “doesn’t seem to hide the fact that JUUL dispenses high levels of nicotine,” Liam says. It’s on the label. However, the label does not mention what chemical form this nicotine takes. Liam found that “99.4 percent of the nicotine salts were in the non-ionized form. That’s just ridiculously high.” For comparison, he says, “nicotine in e-cigarettes is typically around 80 percent un-ionized.”
He didn’t measure how much of that nicotine ends up in the body. That’s what Jessica Yingst and Jonathan Foulds have just done. These public health scientists work at Penn State Cancer Institute in Hershey. They headed a team that measured blood levels of nicotine before, during and after someone had smoked a cigarette or had taken 30 puffs from an e-cig over a 10-minute period. All the vapers were former smokers.
The vapers used their own devices. In the first of these studies, those recruits used early models of e-cigs. A few of the vapers used so-called cig-alikes (which look somewhat like cigarettes). The rest used advanced “mods.” These allowed users to choose the flavor of liquid they vaped.
Blood levels of nicotine rose as someone vaped. But that average rise (8.2 nanograms per milliliter, or ng/ml) was far lower than in the 10 smokers who each puffed normally on a single cigarette (about 21 ng/ml).
That was “a bit of a surprise,” says Foulds. After all, some of these pre-JUUL devices had vaporized liquids that contained a lot of nicotine. The only explanation, he says, was that these e-cigs “just didn’t deliver nicotine efficiently.”
His team published its findings July 25 in PLOS One.
These data, Foulds realized, might explain why many smokers who had tried vaping went back to cigarettes. Perhaps they just didn’t get a big enough hit of nicotine to sate their cravings.
To test this, his team ran the same trial in six JUUL users. And as soon as the blood data came back, Foulds says, “We went, whoa! That’s a lot of nicotine.” The rise averaged some 28.6 ng/ml.
The Penn State team reported these findings November 15 in JAMA Network Open.
Addiction becomes a real threat
That was a small survey, Yingst admits. Still, she notes, “the nicotine delivery in all six people was pretty similar.” That suggests, she says, they were getting far more nicotine than do users of earlier types of e-cigs. In fact, these new data show, “JUUL delivers nicotine very similarly to a cigarette.”
The company that makes these pods knows that, Foulds adds. His team’s new data are “comparable to what [JUUL Inc.] found in its unpublished data,” he says. The company referred to those data in its patent, he found. He notes that, “[The company] also presented it in a poster at a conference we were at.”
So if these devices deliver as much nicotine as a cigarette, Yingst says, they “would have a similar potential to cause addiction.” In fact, Yingst and Foulds also have just measured the extent to which the JUUL users experience symptoms of addiction. Penn State has a special survey to measure that in users of tobacco products.
Its researchers surveyed cigarette smokers on this 20-point scale. Higher numbers indicate higher levels of addiction. On average, smokers scored a 14, Foulds says. Among users of the pre-JUUL types of e-cigs, the average addiction rating was 8. But among people who vaped JUULs, he notes, the average was 14. These preliminary data now seem to “confirm what many people had suspected,” he says — “that this product is as addictive as a cigarette.”
That should prove as true for teens as for the adults in these studies, Halpern-Felsher says. Yet kids don’t know that, her team finds.
Her group used a different survey to measure addiction. On its 10-point scale, “even scoring a 1 signifies addiction,” she says. And most teen vapers that her team surveyed averaged a 2.5 to 3 on this scale. People who are addicted have a very hard time quitting. Yet these kids don’t realize how dependent they have become on the nicotine they vape.
“They don’t know they’re addicted,” Halpern-Felsher says. “But we do.” She’s published data on this. The young vapers were asked such questions as how quickly did they feel a need to vape after waking? Or did they need to vape even after being told not to use e-cigarettes? “The point is,” she says, “most of today’s youth don’t truly know what addiction means.”
In one October 2018 study, her team assessed how teens and young adults view pod-type e-cigarettes. Ironically, those young people rated the pods “as posing less harm or addictive potential [than other vapes].” At the same time, these so-called juulers showed more nicotine dependence than users of other types of e-cigs.
“It’s just the perfect bad storm,” concludes Halpern-Felsher of juuling.
New trends prompting action
Just eight years ago, teen vaping was virtually unheard-of, note analysts at the Universities of Michigan and Minnesota. They work for that long-running Monitoring the Future program, which has been tracking teen substance abuse for 45 years. Last January 10, they wrote a letter that appeared in the New England Journal of Medicine. In it, they noted that the current growth in vaping seen in high school teens is the greatest jump in nicotine exposures that their program has witnessed in 44 years. Today, more than one in four U.S. high school seniors has at least tried vaping in the past month. The survey’s just-released 2019 data show that more than one in 1 in 10 of these kids now vape daily. Nearly the same share of 8th graders now report they’ve vaped in the past month. Indeed, the number of kids who began vaping at or before the age of 14 has more than tripled in the past five years, the new survey finds.
Some states, New York included, have raised to 21 the age at which people can buy vape products. But that hasn’t slowed the rise in teen vaping. Doctors and others are aggressively looking to reverse this trend.
Patrice A. Harris is one of them. This physician is president of the American Medical Association. On November 19, she issued a statement saying, “It’s simple — we must keep nicotine products out of the hands of young people.” That, she explained, is “why we [the AMA] are calling for an immediate ban on all e-cigarette and vaping products.”
On the same day, Letitia James filed a lawsuit against JUUL Labs, Inc. As the attorney general of New York, she has a lot of clout. Her state’s lawsuit charges that “JUUL’s aggressive advertising of its multi-flavored products has contributed to a public health crisis.” Indeed, it argues, this crisis “has left countless New Yorkers — many of them teenagers — addicted to its products and fighting for their health.”
California’s attorney general also sued JUUL. His office and the city of Los Angeles also argued that this company and other pod-makers have targeted kids. “JUUL and other nicotine product makers must be held accountable” for not preventing sales to underage users, says Los Angeles District Attorney Jackie Lacey.
“There can be no doubt that JUUL’s aggressive advertising has significantly contributed to the public health crisis that has left youth . . . across the country addicted to its products,” noted James. The company’s advertising has been “glamorizing vaping, while at the same time downplaying the nicotine found in vaping products,” she added. “I am prepared to use every legal tool in our arsenal to protect the health and safety of our youth.”
Halpern-Felsher’s team has its own Tobacco Prevention Toolkit aimed at doing this. Its materials can be downloaded free from the Stanford School of Medicine’s website. They describe a wide range of non-cigarette products that can hook kids on nicotine. They also explain how the toolkit can be used to better inform today’s tweens and teens on those risks — hopefully, before they get hooked. | <urn:uuid:e7cf8a94-9c8c-4fdc-8077-cd58496d32f7> | CC-MAIN-2021-21 | https://www.sciencenewsforstudents.org/article/juul-e-cig-vaping-nicotine-teens-addiction | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-21/segments/1620243991370.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20210515131024-20210515161024-00627.warc.gz | en | 0.959632 | 3,446 | 2.578125 | 3 |
The Department of Human Centered Design & Engineering (HCDE) undergraduate curriculum includes an upper-level course on Visual Communication (HCDE 411), in which undergraduate students learn the basics of visual design. During the 10-week course, students learn the vocabulary and nomenclature of visual design, building a foundation in two- and three-dimensional design, typography, and structure. "The key take-home message," says HCDE instructor Jacob Fleisher, "is that visual design, like engineering, is a logical, planned activity—it does not happen by accident."
Beginning with a four-week unit concentrating on the form of design elements, students created visual communication compositions experimenting with value, contrast, negative space, and layout. From there, students studied typography, creating characters in their own typeface. Building on this foundation, students then looked at information architecture and design, combining various elements of design in order to tell a story.
Jacob Fleisher, a designer and user researcher who has previously taught industrial design in the UW’s School of Art, commented on the challenges associated with teaching students of HCDE about visual design: "My greatest initial challenge was to understand HCDE students' interests, motivations, and aspirations, but one of the most gratifying experiences was seeing the sheer intellectual and technical horsepower the students displayed in the problem-solving seen in their final projects, and observing the students' increased ability to articulate the reasoning behind their design decisions."
The course culminated in a two-week final team project. The eight student teams designed products that were meant to meet a real user need in order to demonstrate their abilities in visual design to aid and support communication and successful attainment of their product’s goals. The teams had two weeks to propose and present their product ideas, which they then pitched to a panel of experts.
Each team came up with an interaction design project focusing on a specific problem. The first day of presentations ranged from a mobile application on locating coffee stands with the shortest wait times on the University of Washington campus to interactive kiosks directing lost visitors around campus from one place to another using well-known landmarks to utilizing body scans to create a 3D virtual model to get the best fit when shopping for clothes online to a mobile app for attending the Dare to Dream fundraiser.
The second day of presentations included an interactive tablet menu that provided in-depth information and history of the food served in a restaurant, an interactive system that helps cooks better handle restaurant order tickets, a mobile app that suggests activities for a group while simultaneously creating a scavenger hunt-like experience, and a mobile app music selection system that creates a playlist from event attendee preferences and votes. Panelists provided targeted feedback to each group, critiquing their design, project idea, prototype, and presentation, and providing suggestions for future iterations. One of the panelists, Skip Walter, was thoroughly impressed by the presentations, saying, "The first student team had come close to replicating the design of one of my student teams from an MBA program last spring—in two weeks instead of a full quarter. Amazing."
|One student group created the product Order Up! to streamline ticket processing in the kitchen area of restaurants for their final project. As part of their presentation, the group created this introductory video. Group members were HCDE students Jenny Acevedo-Barga, John Kinney, Reade Lobdill, and Natasha Noltimier-Strauss.|
Panelists were Lindsey Berdan, User Interaction Designer, Fluke Corporation; Bill Flora, Principal, Tectonic; Tad Hirsch, Assistant Professor, Interaction Design, UW; Sena Janky, Industrial and Interaction Design Lead, Fluke Corporation; Jenny Lai, Principal UX Designer, Fluke Corporation; Yingzhao Liu, Principal Interaction Designer, Teague Design; Linda Wagner, Research Director, Carbon Design Group; and Skip Walter, CEO, Factor, Inc., and HCDE External Advisory Board Member.
HCDE Academic Advisor Stephanie White was impressed with the professionalism and overall quality of the projects, saying, "The amount of work that went into these projects is apparent, and the level of detail in the prototypes is astounding. Given that our students tend to be unfamiliar with the less structured format of visual design class critique sessions, along with the fact that they only had two weeks to complete these projects, I'm blown away!"”
HCDE Chair and Professor Jan Spyridakis put her opinion of the final projects more bluntly: "We have the most creative undergrads ever," and Skip Walter added, "There is something wondrous going on in the world. I am looking forward to where this journey is headed."
|Undergraduate students in the Department of Human Centered Design & Engineering (HCDE). The undergraduate curriculum includes an upper-level course on Visual Communication (HCDE 411), in which undergraduate students learn the basics of visual design. The Winter 2012 Visual Communication course was instructed by Jacob Fleisher (front right).| | <urn:uuid:18b406d3-cc2a-4231-b99b-4b36957ea3cb> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.hcde.washington.edu/news/hcde-undergrads-study-visual-communication | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368696381249/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516092621-00031-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.945073 | 1,028 | 2.984375 | 3 |
Water plays a critical role in ensuring the health of all humans, animals, and plants. However, humans often ignore the multiple benefits of drinking water in their rush to stay firmly positioned in the corporate jungle. If you too have been ignoring the health aspects of drinking water at regular intervals you’ll need to quickly adopt these practices to ensure that you drink the very best water in the most beneficial form.
The reality that more than 70% of earth and human bodies are comprised of water should really impress you in regards to the significance of water in our bodies. Drinking water is not just essential to a healthy life but insufficient safe drinking water could cause severe conditions that may be life threatening. Water has to be consumed regularly to ensure that you do not suffer from muscle cramps, your kidneys function normally plus your skin doesn’t dry out. Furthermore, all of your internal organs diyseltzer water in addition to your brain, which contains around 90% water, require proper hydration in order to perform at optimum levels. Water continues evaporating out of your body so you need to replenish that water so that your body can function effortlessly.
The advantages of water are even more amplified should you exercise regularly as your sweat will cause dehydration inside your body which will need quick replenishment. Experts believe that humans anyway need at least 8 glasses of water every day according to the surrounding weather and physical activity incurred by an individual. The actual fact, however, is that many people simply forget to ensure adequate drinking habits or get bored of this tasteless wonder of life. If you’re one such person then you’ve got many tasty alternatives that will not only guarantee the intake of adequate drinking water in your body but also improve the taste of this water in a very safe manner which will have you drinking more water every day.
Drinking water has morphed into numerous tasty avatars that could tempt from innumerable shelves in stores or supermarkets. Several companies now offer flavored seltzer water, carbonated water, club soda, and flavored sparkling water, among other versions to ensure that you remain hydrated throughout the day while you sip on these delicious wonders. However, you can examine the label of each and every bottle carefully as some products may have sugar, artificial flavors, preservatives, and other chemicals that might not be healthy in the long run or just shove in additional calories into your body. You could also wind up paying big money in the event you consume these tasty drinks every single day. Instead of rushing to stores to get your favorite drink, you can even make such delectable drinks at home and benefit from the benefits of drinking water in a very safe and cost-effective way.
You will simply need a soda club machine or soda maker to convert plain water into bubbly carbonated water. Manufacturers such as sodastream offer several models of soda water makers to suit varying budgets and needs. You can also buy flavor concentrates to create your own personal delicious flavor that contains no calories, sugar, artificial flavors or preservatives. This ensures good taste minus any side effects.
Although drinking water is vital for good health, fast lifestyle coupled with the dull taste of water could result in low consumption that may be dangerous for your health. You’ll be able to still enjoy all the benefits of drinking water by blending in a variety of flavors in plain or carbonated water and make certain your body and brain performs at its best at all times. | <urn:uuid:5fba662a-9c95-48b5-beec-f541daa860d6> | CC-MAIN-2021-43 | https://haccp-cleaner.com/uncategorized/reap-the-numerous-benefits-associated-with-drinking-water/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323585516.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20211022145907-20211022175907-00495.warc.gz | en | 0.958796 | 698 | 2.609375 | 3 |
An Igorot in the Philippine-American War
Historians searching for primary-source material on the Philippine-American War often turn up at the National Library in Manila, which preserves thousands of official documents by Filipinos that were captured by the enemy. For an eyewitness account of the Battle of Caloocan in 1899, a historian can look under the files of Antonio Luna for the Filipino side and Arthur MacArthur for the enemy’s point of view. Arthur MacArthur was the father of Douglas “I shall return” MacArthur, who is better known to Filipinos. One of the gaps in our history is that we know the outcomes of important battles but we rarely have the details of how these battles were fought. Thus, it came as a surprise to find a rare eyewitness account of the Battle of Caloocan in a book on Bontoc grammar.
After the first shot that started the Philippine-American War in February 1899, Filipinos fought and lost two engagements on the outskirts of Manila with the enemy moving toward Malolos, capital of the First Philippine Republic. The enemy was engaged in Caloocan, and at a crucial moment, Kawit forces refused to obey the orders given by Antonio Luna, the ground commander, saying they would only obey direct orders from Emilio Aguinaldo. Naturally, Luna disciplined these soldiers, who would get even some months later by murdering him in Cabanatuan.
Fangued of Samoki’s account began with complaints about food and how he and his fellow Igorot were treated by lowlanders in the towns they passed from the Cordilleras to Dagupan, where they boarded a train for Malolos and were deployed, against their will, in the Battle of Caloocan. The Igorot at one point had to threaten people in order to get rice, chickens, pigs, and even a carabao for food. In desperation they slaughtered a horse but couldn’t eat the meat that resembled human flesh. To cut the long story short, I skipped the text that deals with their stops in Faknotan, Santo Tomas and Dagupan and continued on to their arrival in Malolos where they were paid one peseta each (about 20 centavos today). Exhausted from the long journey and smarting from ill treatment, they threatened to return to the Cordilleras but were gently convinced by bayonets and guns to stay.
From Malolos, the 200 bewildered Igorot were deployed to the front lines in Caloocan. Fangued said:
“Then starts the train. Then we go and ride in the train. Then we come to Caloocan forestland only. We eat in the night the not sufficed our food. [While] we are eating, we men then see the fire flying that comes from the sea. Dazzles the fire us. Then it is time of beginning or crowing of cocks. Then says Golash, our interpreter, let us go around to Fanged, behind Manila … and many [are] the soldiers… we had spears, battle-axes and shields [with us], no rifles.
“Then was shot one soldier in the scrotum had shot (him) the Americans. Then we fret, we say why! A battle [is] the calling of that [man], why! A different dance is this. Then we say, ‘Are we sometimes afraid and again not [afraid]?… Many are the projectiles coming from the sea, which send the soldiers, the Americans [Melikano]. Two were shot of the soldiers, Filipinos… We had dug [trenches] into the ground, we Igorot that we hide our bodies (ourselves) because no guns ours except only our spears and battle-axes. Then comes again one company at noon and are shot again three soldiers, Filipinos… Then they take their bayonets they dig up the ground they bury all their cartridges (bullets). Then they return to their commander, they say used up (no more) our bullets… There are dead six, there are five, some are shot in the hand, there is one Negrito shot in his forehead… Many [are] the dead among them, much [is] the blood upon the ground… They remove the many dead, they carry [them] to the train… Then turns dark the day and then they fire the cannon; fire [them at] the soldiers, Americans. Then whistles the shell of cannon then often it hits the forest. Then get afraid the Igorot and immediately they run away. Then we run away and come to the train. Many are the dead men in the train… Nobody was shot of the Bontoc men.”
Shells fell out of the sky, according to Fangued, throwing up the earth when they exploded and killing people in crowds. This was a weapon and a type of warfare the Igorot had never experienced before. Igorot weapons were for close hand-to-hand combat, no match for American guns and artillery, yet not a single one of them died in Caloocan that day. It is also disturbing to read about some of the soldiers burying their ammunition in the ground and telling their commanders they had run out, thus resulting in the decision to retreat after heavy losses.
The full Bontoc text and a very literal and awkward translation, as you read above, are to be found in the appendix to Seidenadel’s “The First grammar of the Language spoken by the Bontoc Igorot” that is available online. This rare Bontoc narrative is but one of many voices, other stories that have to be dug up to complete our picture not just of the Battle of Caloocan or the Philippine-American War but also of Philippine history itself. Philippine history can sometimes be described as a local history of Manila because these other narratives have yet to come to light to enrich our history.
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Statistics A Level at Cardinal Newman College
Statistics is used in everything from deciding how much orange juice Tesco will buy next year, to whether or not a new drug will indeed cure a serious illness. Statistics can be seen as a subject relating to the collection, analysis, interpretation or explanation and presentation of data. Statistics is the branch of Mathematics which is used in situations involving variability or uncertainty, such as weather forecasting, finance or assessing the effects of medicines.
At first much of the work is learning the ‘tools of the trade’, but we soon start to apply them in analysing data and understanding what it is telling us. We will consider types of data and how to handle it, and move from the work covered in GCSE Maths to look at the patterns in Statistics and how these are used in the analysis of situations in order to make reasonable judgements. For the Statistics course we highly recommend the Casio fx-9860GII calculator.
At least two B’s and three C’s at GCSE, including at least a grade 5 in GCSE Maths.
Students with an A Level in Statistics have found their skills to be valuable when taking degrees in Anthropology, Biology, Business Studies, Geography and Psychology. You may be surprised at just how many interesting jobs there are for statisticians, such as an Actuary, Accountant, Environmental Statistician, Government Statistician, Sports Statistician, Pharmaceutical Statistician, Biometrician, Forensic Statistician, Health Service Statistician, Medical Statistician, School Teacher and University Lecturer. Statistics is now used so widely that many employers would see some qualification in Statistics as a distinct advantage.
How to apply
If you want to apply for this course, you will need to contact Cardinal Newman College directly. | <urn:uuid:7889e05e-08fe-4f43-9a1b-8c80b2c62634> | CC-MAIN-2019-30 | https://www.ucasprogress.com/course/2532524/statistics-a-level | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-30/segments/1563195526670.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20190720194009-20190720220009-00244.warc.gz | en | 0.937845 | 373 | 3.21875 | 3 |
A Vox article, American energy use, in one diagram, shows that US Scientists using the metric system are Mormons Making Coffee, without adding any coffee. A diagram is presented for 2016 energy use in the United States:
The units used are in quadrillion BTUs. BTUs are not even a well defined unit. It is stated that a BTU is about 1055 joules. So, a quadrillion BTUs is about 1055 Petajoules. The chart has this run-down for energy consumed in the US:
Because the energy values are BTUs nested inside of a name called a Quad, this is even worse than using Olde English prefixes. The actual energy unit is hidden in a nickname. Clearly it could be worse, the different energy sources could be a mixture of KWh, “metric tons” of coal, and so on. The Quad is simply an Argot, used by insiders to make what they do less transparent. See my essay, John and the Argot-nauts. The author of the article tries to put a Quad in perspective by offering this list of Quad equivalents.
A “quad” is one quadrillion (a thousand trillion) BTUs. Here, according to Wikipedia, are a few things equivalent to a quad:
8,007,000,000 gallons (US) of gasoline
293,071,000,000 kilowatt-hours (kWh)
36,000,000 metric tons of coal
970,434,000,000 cubic feet of natural gas
25,200,000 metric tons of oil
So a quad is a lot of energy. The US consumed 97.3 quads in 2016, an amount that has stayed roughly steady (within a quad or so) since 2000.
This list of units seems to ask a reader to add apples, oranges, grapes, strawberries, blueberries and then compare the sum to bananas. In the metric system we choose but one fruit for comparison. In this case the choice of Petajoules will produce integer comparison values for the smallest and the largest values.
If we use Naughtin’s Laws to rewrite this list in metric we obtain:
The data is presented in all integers and the numbers are easily comparable. Solar and Geothermal do not contribute much of the total, but Natural Gas, Coal, and Petroleum do. Even in the US, a joule is almost certainly a more recognizable energy unit than a Quad, as is the metric prefix modifier Peta- (Petabytes of data storage). The units are suppressed in the original diagram, so we could indicate all values are in Petajoules (PJ) and simplify the table further:
The article notes that most people immediately notice the amount of wasted energy, which is about two thirds according to the article, or about 68 435 Petajoules.
The same diagram from 1970 is presented, also in Quads:
It shows that in 1970 we generated about 71 213 Petajoules of energy and wasted 32 178 Petajoules. Wow, we now officially waste about as much energy as we generated in 1970!
In 1950 the total generated energy was 32 810 Petajoules, of which about half was
The larger point is that scientists at LLNL continue to express energy values the same way they did in 1950. There is also a strange implicit assumption that if the values are presented in pre-metric units, that somehow they will be understood better by the public. This is probably just a rationalization for using internal argot to express these values. One can only speculate why there has never been a change. One thing that is certain, is there has been a significant change in the complexity of our energy generation in the US since the 1950s. The 1950 diagram has four energy inputs, today we have nine. To best understand this information, one should examine how it has been presented in the past and consider a simpler, more intuitive way of expressing this data. The metric system would be a good start, and perhaps reading Edward Tufte might be the next step for government scientists to investigate better ways to express this data, assuming they actually want to, not just for public understanding, but for scientists, engineers and others.
Thanks to Peter Goodyear for bringing this article to my attention.
If you liked this essay and wish to support the work of The Metric Maven, please visit his Patreon Page
The Metric Maven has published a book titled The Dimensions of The Cosmos. It examines the basic quantities of the world from yocto to Yotta with a mixture of scientific anecdotes and may be purchased here. | <urn:uuid:4945b8bd-1f45-4aeb-baf0-4d73f20393cd> | CC-MAIN-2019-47 | http://themetricmaven.com/?m=201707 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-47/segments/1573496669730.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20191118080848-20191118104848-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.930839 | 962 | 3.03125 | 3 |
Porphyrins blood test
Porphyrins help form many important substances in the body. One of these is hemoglobin. This is the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen in the blood.
Porphyrins can be measured in the blood or the
Protoporphyrin levels; Porphyrins - total; Coproporphyrin levels; PROTO test
How the Test is Performed
The sample is then placed in ice and taken immediately to the laboratory. Three porphyrins can normally be measured in small amounts in human blood. They are:
- Protoporphyrin (PROTO)
Protoporphyrin is normally found in the highest amount. More tests are needed to show the levels of specific porphyrins.
How to Prepare for the Test
You should not eat for 12 to 14 hours before this test. You may drink water right before the test. Your test results may be affected if you do not follow these instructions.
How the Test will Feel
When the needle is inserted to draw blood, some people feel moderate pain. Others feel only a prick or stinging. Afterward, there may be some throbbing or slight bruising. This soon goes away.
Why the Test is Performed
This test is used to diagnose
It may also be used along with other tests to diagnose lead poisoning and certain nervous system and skin disorders.
This test specifically measures total porphyrin levels. But, reference values (a range of values seen in a group of healthy people) for the individual components are also included:
- Total porphyrin levels: 0 to 1.0 mcg/dL (0 to 15 nmol/L)
- Coproporphyrin level: <2 mcg/dL (<30 nmol/L)
- Protoporphyrin level: 16 to 60 mcg/dL (0.28 to 1.07 µmol/L)
- Uroporphyrin level: <2 mcg/dL (<2.4 nmol/L)
Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories. Some labs use different measurements or test different samples. Talk to your doctor about the meaning of your specific test results.
What Abnormal Results Mean
Increased levels of coproporphyrins may be a sign of:
Congenital erythropoietic porphyria
- Hepatic coproporphyria
- Variegate porphyria
An increased protoporphyrin level may be a sign of:
Anemia of chronic disease
- Increased erythropoiesis
Iron deficiency anemia Lead poisoning
- Sideroblastic anemia
- Variegate porphyria
An increased uroporphyrin level may be a sign of:
- Congenital erythropoietic porphyria
- Porphyria cutanea tarda
There is little risk involved with having your blood taken. Veins and arteries vary in size from one person to another, and from one side of the body to the other. Obtaining a blood sample from some people may be more difficult than from others.
Other risks associated with having blood drawn are slight, but may include:
- Excessive bleeding
- Fainting or feeling lightheaded
- Multiple punctures to locate veins
- Hematoma (blood accumulating under the skin)
- Infection (a slight risk any time the skin is broken)
Chernecky CC, Berger BJ. Porphyrins, quantitative - blood. In: Chernecky CC, Berger BJ, eds. Laboratory Tests and Diagnostic Procedures. 6th ed. St Louis, MO: Elsevier Saunders; 2013:891-892.
Fuller SJ, Wiley JS. Heme biosynthesis and its disorders: porphyrias and sideroblastic anemias. In: Hoffman R, Benz EJ, Silberstein LE, et al, eds. Hematology: Basic Principles and Practice. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018:chap 38.
Review Date: 01/29/2019
The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. A licensed physician should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions. Call 911 for all medical emergencies. Links to other sites are provided for information only -- they do not constitute endorsements of those other sites. Copyright ©2019 A.D.A.M., Inc., as modified by University of California San Francisco. Any duplication or distribution of the information contained herein is strictly prohibited.
Information developed by A.D.A.M., Inc. regarding tests and test results may not directly correspond with information provided by UCSF Health. Please discuss with your doctor any questions or concerns you may have. | <urn:uuid:e5668045-0abe-4998-b7f2-f63807ba4046> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.ucsfhealth.org/medical-tests/003372 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141203418.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20201129214615-20201130004615-00122.warc.gz | en | 0.83149 | 1,014 | 3.46875 | 3 |
This aerial shows the city of Providence over the Seekonk River, as well as the bridges that cross this river. The Seekonk River begins where the Blackstone River reaches sea level, which is just under Pawtucket Falls. From here, the river flows south between Providence and East Providence eventually flowing into the Providence River between Bold and India Point. Also seen here is the Henderson Bridge which connects the cities of Providence and East Providence. Originally opened in 1969, it was built to replace the old Red Bridge. The Henderson Bridge was named after its designer George Henderson from Rumford, RI. Also seen here is the Crook Point Bascule Bridge or the Seekonk River Drawbridge. Built in 1908, this bridge provided connection to the old Union Station along the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad line. This bridge was abandoned in 1976 and it is known to nearby residents as the "Stuck-Up Bridge" for its stuck up open position and has become somewhat of a local icon of urban decay.
Creator 1 Role
Seekonk River (Providence, R.I.); Aerial photography -- Rhode Island -- Providence; Drawbridges -- Rhode Island -- Providence; Railroad bridges -- Rhode Island -- Providence
United States of America
Smolski, Chet, "Aerial of Providence over Seekonk River" (1985). Smolski Images. 105.
aerial; Seekonk river; Seekonk River Bridge; railroad bridges; drawbridges | <urn:uuid:6d93ff94-5cf1-4146-8faf-4a4383c7a254> | CC-MAIN-2018-17 | https://digitalcommons.ric.edu/smolski_images/105/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-17/segments/1524125945493.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20180422041610-20180422061610-00482.warc.gz | en | 0.916488 | 305 | 2.859375 | 3 |
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