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Can you imagine a life without polymers? It is not for nothing that polymers are, by a fair distance, the most widely used basic materials known to mankind. They possess such an unbeatable combination of functional properties, strength-to-weight ratios, convenience and costs that they have become the work-horse materials that drive and support the entire economy.
Since 1983, when they overtook metals as mankind’s most widely used basic materials, their usage has literally exploded and the yawning gap between them and other materials has become a gigantic chasm that can never be bridged. The fact that their specific gravities are so much lower than other materials has delivered the lowest resource usage and highest sustainability that we can ever imagine. (1 square meter of iron or steel will weigh 7.5 time a square meter of plastic; 1 square meters of aluminum will weigh 2.71 times a square meter of plastic of the same thickness.)
They are also endlessly recyclable but even a fraction of this is not achieved on the ground due to overall apathy, human habits like littering and the abject failure of municipal bodies and civic authorities to set up and efficiently operate systems for collection, segregation and disposal or recycling of post-consumer waste and to undertake mass consumer education. The easy way out seems to be deeming these as extended producer responsibility rather than formulating a pro-active and responsibility-delivering action plan by the powers that be. Admittedly, industry also needs to step up and address recycling of mixed plastics and printed and metallized waste on a war footing and developing technologies for doing this.
Be that as it may, my intention here is to highlight some of the unique properties that polymers bring to the table to help deliver packaging solutions that no other materials can effectively provide. Innumerable Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) studies on packaging have been carried out and every one of them arrives at one or more of the following conclusions:
- substituting polymers with other non-polymer materials results in a quantum increase in usage of basic materials/resources,
- the usage of energy in the process is much higher,
- damage to the environment goes up substantially and carbon footprints are adversely affected,
- costs go up by unaffordable proportions,
- weight of packages and resultant transportation costs (during production and procurement of basic materials, in-plant storage/movement and distribution across the supply chain, waste collection and disposal) sky-rocket, and
- in many cases, substitution is not even possible.
So, let us look at some of these unique properties and discuss some case-studies which clearly establish the utility of polymers. These properties are all individually analyzed below.
This is a unique polymer/plastic property. Heat-sealability and the ability to produce leak-proof, hermetic high-strength heatseals and cost-effective high-speed machine operation are not provided by any other material except, to some extent, wax. Even here, the wax seals are usually too weak to be used commercially and the sealing formulation has to be buttressed by the addition of polymeric materials like EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate) to get strong and leak-proof seals.
Needless to say, hermetic seals are absolutely imperative for providing adequate shelf-life (prevention/reduction of permeation of moisture/gases both into the package and egress from its contents), leak-proofing, tamper evidence and convenient opening of the package. The vast majority of flexible packaging could not be used without heat-sealability. What is even more useful is that polymers enable the seal strength and openability to be precisely tailored (low/high strength seals, partially or fully peelable seals, directional and easy to tear seals). Even effective hot-melt seals are provided only by polymers.
Let us look at some specific examples.
One of the most exacting and difficult packaging specifications to produce is the aluminum foil used to package small cubes or portions of processed cheese. The requirement is that the cheese has to be filled hot and sealed without the application of external heat through heatseal jaws. The pack consists of two components – a body which encloses and holds the cheese and a lid which goes on top of the cheese and is sealed on its edges to the body to provide hermetic seals and tamper-proofing. The seal has to be effected using only the heat of the molten cheese that is filled into the formed body.
This is made possible by using a plasticized vinyl coating on the aluminum foil that seals at a low temperature. The risk is that such a low-temperature heat-seal coating could have blocking problems in the foil rolls during transportation where ambient temperatures could go up even beyond 50 degrees celsius; blocked rolls will not unwind on the wrapping machine. The trick is to formulate the polymer coating to get both heat-seal and not block at transportation temperatures. Only a polymer can satisfy both these criteria. Like-wise, in the packaging of cheese slices, the wrap has to provide both heat-sealability and peelability of the seal as well as release from the cheese, which only a polymer film can provide.
Technically, a metal can will provide both these properties but the can cost for a 10 gm-20 gm pack would far exceed even the product cost apart from not providing the convenience of easy opening.
As can also be seen, heat-sealable flexible packs are absolutely necessary for small unit-dose or single-use packages as other non-polymer rigid or semi-rigid systems like metal cans, cartons, tubes or bottles would be prohibitively expensive. Packs with polymer heat-seals are cost effective for the full range of products (solids, powders, liquids, pastes, agglomerates/granules and mixed formulations).
In our next installment, we will look at more special and unique properties of polymers for packaging applications. | <urn:uuid:6c7a9b44-b50a-492b-bdeb-8e5ae32c7b43> | CC-MAIN-2020-05 | https://packagingsouthasia.com/consumables/polymers/the-unique-properties-of-polymers-provide-many-packaging-solutions-part-1/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250607596.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20200122221541-20200123010541-00056.warc.gz | en | 0.945391 | 1,228 | 3.09375 | 3 |
Cheese American Light Pasteurized Processed
American cheese is smooth and light yellow or orange in color. It is usually sold in blocks or squares. More than half of all cheese consumed in the United States is processed cheese of this kind. American cheese is essentially young cheddar cheese, made of pasteurized cows milk, which then goes through a shredding and heating process. Various other dairy ingredients, such as dyes and emulsifiers, are added to create a smooth, mild, odorless, meltable, and stable product. Cheese is a solid food made from the curdled milk of various mammals—most commonly cows but sometimes goats, sheep, or buffalo. Rennet is often used to induce coagulation in the milk, although some cheeses are curdled with acids such as vinegar or lemon juice, or with extracts of various species of Cynara (sometimes called vegetable rennet). Rennet is an enzyme traditionally obtained from the stomach lining of bovine calves, although sometimes a microbiological (laboratory-produced) substitute is used. Bacteria are added to cheese to reduce the pH, alter the texture, and develop flavor, and some cheeses also have molds, either on the outer skin or throughout. There are hundreds of types of cheese. Different styles and flavors of cheese are the results of using different species of bacteria and molds, different levels of milk fat, variations in length of aging, differing processing treatments (cheddaring, pulling, brining, mold wash) and different breeds of cows, sheep, or other mammals. Other factors include animal diet and the addition of flavoring agents such as herbs, spices, or smoking. Pasteurization of the milk may also affect flavor. Processed cheese (or process cheese) is a food product made from regular cheese and other unfermented dairy ingredients, plus emulsifiers, extra salt and food colourings. The best known processed cheese is orange in color and mild in flavor, with a medium-firm consistency; it is commonly known in the U.S. as American cheese and in Australia as Tasty Cheese. Many other flavors and textures of processed cheese are also made. Processed cheese has two technical advantages. Traditional cheesemaking inevitably produces 'scrap' pieces that would not be acceptable for supermarket display; production of processed cheese from cheese scrap allows the cheesemaker to 'add value' to otherwise unmarketable scrap. Also, some consumers actually prefer processed cheese for its smooth melting. With prolonged heating regular cheese will separate into a molten protein gel and liquid fat; processed cheese will not separate in this manner. The emulsifiers (typically sodium or potassium phosphate, tartrate, or citrate) in processed cheese reduce the tendency for tiny fat globules in the cheese to coalese and pool on the surface of the molten cheese. Because processed cheese does not separate when melted, it is used as an ingredient in a variety of dishes. It is a fairly popular condiment on hamburgers, as it does not run off, nor change in texture or taste, as it is heated. Processed cheese is sometimes sold in blocks, but more often sold packed in individual slices, with plastic wrappers or wax paper separating them. Due to the processing and additives, some varieties cannot legally be labeled as "cheese" in many countries, including the United States and Great Britain, and so are sold as "cheese food", "cheese spread", or "cheese product", depending primarily on the amount of cheese, moisture, and milkfat present in the final product. Pasteurized process cheese food is a variation of process cheese that may have dry milk, whey solids, or anhydrous milkfat added, which reduces the amount of cheese in the finished product. It must contain at least 51% of the cheese ingredient by weight, have a moisture content less than 44%, and have at least 23% milkfat. | <urn:uuid:6588d4f5-0740-40ba-8e7e-265448a9f6a4> | CC-MAIN-2015-27 | http://www.foodfacts.com/ci/ingredientsoverlay/cheese-american-light-pasteurized-processed/13333 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-27/segments/1435375095632.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20150627031815-00194-ip-10-179-60-89.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.953002 | 803 | 3.0625 | 3 |
UEA's Living Lab connects the physical campus with our research and student enthusiasm, through technical innovation and student-led projects.
Students can propose and carry out projects across the University to improve UEA's sustainability. These projects are carried out directly on and with the buildings, grounds and operations of the University.
We are developing the UEA campus as a site for developing real-world skills around sustainability and low carbon:
- Students gain project management and other CV skills, through real-world scenarios and projects
- Researchers can link to Estates data and support for projects
- The University gains insight into issues and potential solutions.
Propose new projects, get involved, or find out more
Students can take part in volunteer projects such as energy audits, or they can incorporate sustainability into their degree by using the University’s buildings and data as a case study in their research projects.
The Living Lab connects operational issues with student interests and academic needs. Projects could include surveys of staff and student attitudes, low carbon technology feasibility studies, or post-occupancy evaluation of buildings. They can be to meet an academic requirement, or from students’ personal interest in building practical experience and skills around sustainability.
Email Catrin Darsley, Sustainable Development Manager, for more information.
Education for sustainable development at UEA
UEA views ESD through the lens of 'future skills'. What skills do our graduates need to be inspired and active members of a changing economy, environment and social arena? How can we as a university facilitate this through teaching and learning, both formal and informal?
Here are some project areas and ideas that could be modified for specific projects. Projects can be carried out by individuals or groups. Contact the Sustainable Development Manager with any questions or proposals.
Inspiration for potential UEA student projects with the Living Lab
- What practices can new students adopt through different interventions, and how can these students be encouraged to participate in ‘greening’ UEA? (in progress: PhD project on water saving, ENV; energy reduction project, ECO)
- To what extent do UEA students value the UEA environment, and what influences their values? (planning stages: 2016 MSc research project)
- What is the associated value of the UEA Green Impact Awards programme (through which the Sustainability Team aims to encourage positive behaviour change across campus)? What effect has it had on sustainability at UEA / what social benefits can be observed?
Biodiversity and grounds
- Biodiversity audit of campus species (ongoing, via Dr Iain Barr, School of Biological Sciences).
- Key species case studies; analysis of habitat creation or development success.
- Assess UEA residences with a thermal imaging camera, and identify key user issues affecting heating loss. Design a campaign to target key behaviours. (ENV practical)
- Low carbon technology: (1) carry out a feasibility study to identify potential areas for investment in low carbon technology and produce a cost benefit analysis. (2) What is the perception of UEA’s sustainability and to what extent is is influenced by visible investment in low carbon technology?
- Computer science: data modelling, three-dimensional analysis, virtual work. For example, ‘Assess the technological potential of the UEA estate for action towards a low carbon future’.
- What affect does having an open, shared-use campus have on biodiversity: how could the University assess impact? How could UEA encourage more appropriate use of its green spaces by the UEA and local communities?
- Post occupancy evaluation: How can our built environment affect wellbeing? Survey users of new buildings and assess the resulting data for (a) lessons to take into account in UEA’s future building projects (capital programme), and (b) issues needing resolution by Estates.
- What opportunities, challenges and solutions result from an international campus community when engaging students in calls to recycle or be energy and water efficient?
- Assess the language of environmentalism at UEA, and identify how this relates to the concept of ‘community’.
Energy and carbon
- How can UEA reduce energy wastage from lighting? Carry out a lighting audit to identify high-energy areas and potential for replacement, or identify ‘unloved spaces’ with potential for presence sensor technology.
- Lab equipment-use audits: what energy savings could we achieve? What could promote efficient, sustainable behaviours by lab users?
- Business travel: How could UEA improve awareness of the carbon implications of business travel? What is our business travel carbon footprint? (Do we have an ethical imperative to consider carbon emissions alongside business travel need?)
Ethics and society
- What are the ethical implications of purchasing specific items or commodities? How do or could ethics or political decisions impact on procurement needs of the University?
- Assess the environmental and/or ethical implications of certain purchasing decisions [and work with procurement teams to create a whole life costing approach to UEA procurement].
- How can we relate UEA’s socio-cultural context to its treatment of ethical or environmental issues?
- To what extent can film inspire pro-environmental behaviours in the student body?
Travel and transport
- Video conferencing: what are the barriers to take-up? How could UEA improve confidence in the technology?
- GIS mapping: Where do UEA staff/ students commute from – what opportunities are there to support or target specific modes of sustainable travel? | <urn:uuid:b8d1ccfe-6c24-4c61-838d-2184cb9abd00> | CC-MAIN-2019-13 | https://www.uea.ac.uk/about/sustainability/connections/uea-living-lab | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-13/segments/1552912202688.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20190322180106-20190322202106-00484.warc.gz | en | 0.910414 | 1,132 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Piaget's 4 Stages of
Background and Key Concepts of
By Kendra Cherry, MSEd | Updated on December 16,
✔Reviewed by David Susman, PhD
International Institute for Science, Technology and
Education (IISTE): E-Journals
Journal of Education and Practice
ISSN 2222-1735 (Paper) ISSN 2222-288X (Online)
Vol.10, No.35, 2019
Application of Vygotsky's Social Development Theory
College of Business, Johnson & Wales University, 8 Abbott Park Place, Providence, RI 02903
E-mail of the corresponding author: email@example.com
English Language Teaching
Vygotsky's Zone of Proximal Development: Instructional Implications
and Teachers' Professional Development
Faculty Member at Allameh Mohades Nouri University
PhD Candidate of TEFL at University of Tehran, Iran
Vol. 3, No. 4; December 2010
Assistant Professor, Allameh Tabataba'i Uinversity (ATU), Tehran, Iran
PhD Candidate in TEFL, Allameh Tabatabie University, Tehran, Iran
The current paper examines the instructional implications of Vygotsky's (1978) seminal notion of Zone of Proximal
Development, originally developed to account for the learning potential of children, and investigates ZPD
applications to the concept of teacher professional development. Specific attempt has been made to see how a
number of assets at the teacher's disposal namely diary writing, peer and mentor collaboration, action research,
Ecological Systems Theory
By Olivia Guy-Evans, MSc Updated on June 9, 2023
Reviewed by Saul Mcleod, PhD
Key Takeaways Bronfenbrenner's e...
What Are Freud's
Psychosexual Stages of
Medically reviewed by Janet Brito, Ph.D., LCSW,
CST - By Gabrielle Kassel on February 20, 2020
Ó Feb 20, 2020
Medically Reviewed By
Janet Brito, PhD, LCSW, CST
Copy Edited By
OF ACADEMIC RESEARCH
IN PRERESSIVE EDUCATE
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC
RESEARCH IN PROGRESSIVE
EDUCATION & DEVELOPMENT
Theoretical Review of Phonics Instruction among EFL
Beginner-level Readers in China
Received: 10 February 2022, Revised: 04 March 2022, Accepted: 28 March 2022
Published Online: 19 April 2022
Min Jie Chen, Guo Jie Yin, Hock Seng Goh, Ruey Shing Soo, Raja Nor
Safinas Raja Harun, Charanjit Kaur Swaran Singh, Wei Lun Wong
To Link this Article: http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARPED/v11-12/13141 DOI:10.6007/IJARPED/v11-12/13141
EXPLORING INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL
Vol. 11(2) 2022, Pg. 449-466
In-Text Citation: (Chen et al., 2022)
To Cite this Article: Chen, M. J., Yin, G. J., Goh, H. S., Soo, R. S., Harun, R. N. S. R., Singh, C. K. S., & Wong, W. L.
(2022). Theoretical Review of Phonics Instruction among EFL Beginner-level Readers in China. International
Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 11(2), 449-466.
Copyright: Ⓒ 2022 The Author(s)
Published by Human Resource Management Academic Research Society (www.hrmars.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute,
translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full
attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen
Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at
Phonics: Theory and Practice
Ching Kang Liu
National Taipei University
Proponents of various approaches generally agree that a combined approach is
See also Liu, C. K. (2005). Phonics & K. K. and children's English pronunciation.
English Works (20), 22-24.
Learning Techniques, Pedagogy, Popular
December 10, 2021 By Jonas Koblin
Made with by Sprouts Learning Co., Ltd. Limited rights
Help me make Harvard reference list
Here is your Harvard reference list:
1. Cherry, K. (2022) ‘Piaget's 4 Stages of Cognitive Development Explained’, Verywell Mind. Available at: https://www.verywellmind.com/piagets-stages-of-cognitive-development-2795457 (Accessed: Day Month Year).
2. Barnett, S. (2019) ‘Application of Vygotsky's Social Development Theory’, Journal of Education and Practice, 10(35). Available at: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/276531380.pdf (Accessed: Day Month Year).
3. Shabani, K., Khatib, M. and Ebadi, S. (2010) ‘Vygotsky's Zone of Proximal Development: Instructional Implications and Teachers' Professional Development’, English Language Teaching, 3(4). Available at: https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1081990.pdf (Accessed: Day Month Year).
4. Guy-Evans, O. (2023) ‘Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems Theory’, Simply Psychology. Available at: https://www.simplypsychology.org/bronfenbrenner.html (Accessed: Day Month Year).
5. Kassel, G. (2020) ‘What Are Freud's Psychosexual Stages of Development?’, Healthline. Available at: https://www.healthline.com/health/psychosexual-stages (Accessed: Day Month Year).
6. Chen, M. J., Yin, G. J., Goh, H. S., Soo, R. S., Harun, R. N. S. R., Singh, C. K. S., & Wong, W. L. (2022) ‘Theoretical Review of Phonics Instruction among EFL Beginner-level Readers in China’, International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 11(2), pp. 449-466. Available at: http://hrmars.com/index.php/pages/detail/IJARPED (Accessed: Day Month Year).
7. Liu, C. K. (2005) ‘Phonics: Theory and Practice’, National Taipei University. Available at: https://web.ntpu.edu.tw/~language/workshop/phonics.pdf (Accessed: Day Month Year).
8. Koblin, J. (2021) ‘Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems’, Sprouts Learning Co., Ltd. Available at: [URL Needed] (Accessed: Day Month Year).
Note: Replace "Day Month Year" with the date you accessed the source. For source 8, please provide the URL of the source. | <urn:uuid:9f3847d5-2a43-424f-a615-17c9c5dadde4> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://studdy.ai/shared-solution/18c47ac8-94f3-454b-bf83-24b80a177e5d | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100603.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20231206194439-20231206224439-00283.warc.gz | en | 0.695554 | 1,622 | 2.921875 | 3 |
Some yellow facts from the web:
Hope and Happiness: Yellow is sunshine. It is a warm color that, like red, has conflicting symbolism. On the one hand it denotes happiness and joy but on the other hand yellow is the color of cowardice and deceit.
Nature of Yellow: Yellow is one of the warm colors. Because of the high visibility of bright yellow, it is often used for hazard signs and some emergency vehicles. Yellow is cheerful.
Culture of Yellow: For years yellow ribbons were worn as a sign of hope as women waited from their men to come marching home from war. Today, they are still used to welcome home loved ones. Its use for hazard signs creates an association between yellow and danger, although not quite as dangerous as red. If someone is yellow it means they are a coward so yellow can have a negative meaning in some cultures.
Language of Yellow: The use of yellow in familiar phrases can help a designer see how their color of choice might be perceived by others, both the positive and negative aspects.
Yellow ribbon - hope, support, remembrance
Mellow yellow - laid back, relaxation Bad yellow
Yellow or Yellow streak or Yellow-bellied - cowardice or coward
Yellow journalism - irresponsible reporting
Yellow Words: These words are synonymous with yellow or represent various shades of the color yellow.
Lemon, yellow ocher, golden, saffron, cream, topaz, mellow yellow. | <urn:uuid:546a11bd-090b-4cd0-8c57-3112f91fc29c> | CC-MAIN-2014-42 | http://patriciagrayinc.blogspot.com/2007/06/yellow-chic.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-42/segments/1414637899702.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20141030025819-00023-ip-10-16-133-185.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.933171 | 295 | 3.21875 | 3 |
July – August 2013
By 2050 the number of people living in cities will have nearly doubled, from 3.6 billion in 2011 to more than 6 billion. Yet the world’s urban areas are already overcrowded and, particularly in developing countries, suffer from shortages of clean water, electricity, and other resources essential to the support of their exploding populations and fragile economies.
The problems created by rampant urbanization are among the most important challenges of our time. They also represent one of the greatest opportunities—and responsibilities—for the private sector. Business is uniquely positioned to shape the sustainable, economically competitive cities of the future.
Many corporations and investors assume that fixing cities is the purview of government, and that government will act. But governments around the world are stuck—financially, politically, or both. They can’t be relied on to single-handedly address the problems of urbanization or to conceive solutions, such as efficient electrification and reliable public transit, that will drive economic growth. Implementing those solutions requires large amounts of capital, exceptional managerial skill, and significant alignment of interests—all of which are often in short supply in city governments but abound in the private sector.
In my research and in consulting engagements with municipal governments, urban planners, corporations, and entrepreneurs in the United States, Europe, Latin America, and Asia, I have seen many different business strategies for addressing the challenges posed by rapid urbanization and scarce resources. Often they center on expanding supply—providing more water, more electricity, more roads, more vehicles. But increasingly businesses are discovering how to create and claim value by improving resource efficiency—through energy-performance contracting, for example, and other strategies that overcome business barriers, reduce waste, and stretch resources. This article provides a framework for identifying and pursuing such opportunities.
The framework rests on three pillars: new business models that generate profits by optimizing the use of resources; financial engineering that encourages investments in efficiency (see the sidebar “What Is Financial Engineering?”); and careful selection of markets. Although any given company’s approach will depend on its capabilities and objectives and the market it is entering, the broad strategies provided here are relevant both to obvious players such as infrastructure companies and vendors of turbines, trains, and other equipment, and to companies in larger sectors such as information technology, financial services, and building products. Whatever the industry, strategic investments in resource efficiency as cities are being built or rebuilt can generate value for companies over the long term while enhancing the cities’ competitiveness, livability, and environmental performance.
A company or an investor could target an array of resource-management initiatives. Of these, I argue, water, electricity, and transit projects deserve the greatest focus. Businesses that have water to process food and materials, whose lights and computers are reliably powered, and whose goods can get to market and employees can get to work quickly and efficiently are clearly at an advantage. Similarly, citizens with ready access to clean water, whose children have light by which to read and study, and who can commute efficiently and affordably have a foundation on which to thrive. All the other services a competitive city provides—functional housing, schools, hospitals, stores, police and fire departments, heating, cooling, waste management, and so on—depend on a reliable water, electricity, and transit infrastructure.
The Efficiency Opportunity
To understand where the opportunity lies, consider how resource-efficiency initiatives measure up on both technological and financial sophistication. The products and services that new cities will require, and that provide the return investors and entrepreneurs need, optimize both. A company’s offerings can be positioned according to these characteristics on an “efficiency matrix.” Technological sophistication increases from left to right, while financial sophistication increases from bottom to top. Low-tech commodity solutions, such as the purchase of insulation in a simple transaction between buyer and seller, would inhabit the bottom left quadrant; sophisticated programs such as demand-response optimization in electricity would inhabit the top right. | <urn:uuid:2bfc8352-a096-473e-91b0-f99dd909c6a8> | CC-MAIN-2018-30 | https://thesustainabilityexchange.wordpress.com/tag/sustainability/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-30/segments/1531676591216.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20180719183926-20180719203926-00237.warc.gz | en | 0.946246 | 814 | 2.640625 | 3 |
Incomplete Penetrance and Phenocopies
Individuals who inherit cancer susceptibility mutations inherit a predisposition to cancer, not cancer itself. Some mutation carriers inherit their predisposing genotypes in an autosomal dominant fashion, yet they do not develop cancer because their altered genes are incompletely penetrant.
Further confusing the situation is the fact that sporadic forms of cancer may also occur in families along with a hereditary cancer syndrome. These cases of sporadic cancer are called phenocopies because their phenotype is similar to that of the affected mutation carriers, but their genotype is different. Genomic profiling of normal and cancer cells from the same person can determine if the cancer is hereditary or sporadic in nature. | <urn:uuid:30f7b6b3-4bb3-4fb2-8311-39fe42ea4722> | CC-MAIN-2013-48 | http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/understandingcancer/geneticbackground/page19/print | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-48/segments/1386163857566/warc/CC-MAIN-20131204133057-00044-ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.928043 | 140 | 2.84375 | 3 |
Attention Deficit Disorders
In recent years we have been made more aware of alphabetical labels of conditions or groups of symptoms which have been classified as learning disabilities and attention deficits or developmental delays. These labels most often come as a surprise to parents who are eager to send their very inquisitive child to their first classroom to satisfy their desire to learn everything. In talking with parents over the last 30 years there have been a number of comments which have been noticeably common, for example:
The child doesn't miss anything. He sees everything in the room.
The child never forgets anything, frequently recalling details which adults fail to see and similarly recalling facts which their parents have forgotten.
The child may be very precise and orderly in the placement and organization of toys and items in the room.
These comments and many others indicate an alert and very attentive individual who learns quickly, and then retains and recalls information. Can this be a learning disability? Most of the time these learning problems are recognized soon after a child begins to attend school. Are teachers that much more astute than parents? It is also noted that the behavior of the child appears to depreciate, along with the school work. The progressive failure produces psychological stress and protective reactions.
There is no specific physical coordination failure which is common to children with various learning problems. Some are physically adept, even outstanding in play and sports activities, while others are slow, clumsy and poorly coordinated. Some who have been marked as difficult with writing, appear to be outstanding in art. Some who have marked difficulty with auditory comprehension, may display musical talents. These are contradictions to a learning problem. If each of these dysfunctions are viewed as an aberration of necessary sensory function, then we begin to understand learning disability as a problem of perception failure, a problem of incomplete understanding of environmental sensory factors, or a failure to properly and automatically react to the variety and complexity of environmental stimulation. These perception failures are easily observed and defined. They respond well to a natural sequence of developmental stimulation and activities. Improvements are usually quickly observed, and tend to be permanent. No medication is necessary, or even helpful. Learning disabilities are correctable.
Cerebral Palsy is a neurological disability.
Inappropriate movements and postures are the result of interference with, or loss of, sensory ability or physical functions which are normally developed during early prenatal life. All deformities reflect neurological developmental imbalance and therefore should be corrected by addressing neurosensory factors. Deformities become orthopedic through imbalanced neurological stimulus for extended periods of time. Neurological development follows a precise and predictable sequence, especially in early prenatal life, providing a necessary background for all future development and learning. These are the factors which are lost or inhibited by physical or chemical trauma to the central nervous system, most commonly by lack of oxygen, during or near the time of birth.
Most neurological failures and coordination problems can be improved. Most deformities can be prevented, when the deformities are still limited to soft tissue. Our treatment method is designed to stimulate the nervous system to define and correct its own errors, and make the necessary corrections.
Simple, natural methods, special sequences of sensory stimulation movements,
hydrotherapy, linear contractile stimulation, and passive and assisted exercises comprise the format required to encourage the nervous system to scan out and correct its inhibited abilities. All procedures are done in environments designed to specifically enhance correction, while limiting all extraneous distracting stimuli.
We use no medication, no electrical stimulation and no meditation. There is no need for motivation, teaching, or practice. Improvements in control, range, and new functions are usually observed by family members and/or care persons within 1 to 2 weeks and continue to improve for significant periods through home program activities. Improvements gained through enhanced developmental methods appear to be retained without continuous practice.
Modification of muscle tone, a decrease in spasticity and an increase in muscle tone and strength are expected. Increased range of motion without stretching, splinting, casting or bracing is expected. Increased strength without progressive resistive exercise, and improved coordination without repetitive practice.
Spinal Cord Injuries
By: Ed Snapp P.T.
In the past thirty years I have had numerous opportunities to work with spinal cord injuries using techniques which are designed to address the nervous system directly rather than trying to teach the patient to use residual ability through great effort and practice. The teaching and practice efforts usually resulted in the gradual acquisition of the function of each next lower spinal segment. This seldom seems to affect more than 2-4 segments below the injury. By addressing the nervous system through a sequence of sensory stimuli, a different sequence of relearning seemed to be consistent. Patients with injuries between T-5 and T-12 seem to be the most responsive, even with long-standing paralysis. The primary response is most frequently the return of the spinal extensors (back muscles used for sitting erect) on both sides of the spinal column. The next expected function is the ability to intensify the unilateral contraction of the spinal muscles when turning the head or moving the head from side to side. The next expected function is from the adductor muscles (legs together) of the hips from an abducted position (legs apart), then the beginning of hip flexion and adduction from a position of moderate abduction and outward rotation of the hip. These early movements must be evaluated on an oil-slick surface. As these functions are developed, a sequence of basic movement patterns progresses, in prone mobility and quadruped (crawling on all fours) mobility as a basis for development of muscle strength and endurance. The above responses are not dependent on the ability of the person to be aware of either sensory stimulation of the feeling of muscle activity or movement of the extremities. In essence, it appears that the spinal reflexes and movement patterns below the injury can be accessed and educated at the same time that the higher levels can be re-educated. In addition, the observation of the intentional contraction of the spinal musculature below the injury indicates that the nerve impulses have traversed the injured area, since the spinal muscles are innervated at the level of their nerve roots. These observed reactions also indicate the ability of the individual to transmit impulses of remembered actions through the injured area even though there is no sensory ability to relate to the position of the extremity at that time.
Traumatic Brain Injury
By Ed Snapp P.T.
I never ask anyone to believe what I say, but I always hope they will think about it. This is the case with the sequence of activities used for our clients with various dysfunction of the central nervous system, especially traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, and cerebral palsy.
We have long ago recognized, as have most close family members of brain injured individuals, that the injured person most often:
Is aware of the surrounding people, although not able to look directly at them.
Is aware of language and conversation, although unable to process and respond physically, or to speak.
Is aware of people, significant objects or activities in their field of view, although unable to move their eyes to the object, move their eyes toward another stimulus or to track movements.
Understands what movements they want to make, although they are unable to initiate or control them.
METHODS AND CONCEPTS:
Our treatment methods are simple, and are based on the natural sequence of development of the nervous system, relative to development of the human genetic design, and the expected sequence of development of the individual nervous system. We attempt to use specific sensory stimuli which existed in the very early development of our species in a sequence which replicates the natural learning sequence as closely as possible. The client's nervous system usually rewards us with an appropriate response within a few days.
Sensory factors, environment and movement activities are provided in a closely controlled sequence to re-establish a background of reaction, body awareness and progressive control in the same order which could be expected in a developing embryonic baby.
Addressing the sensations and functions which are first developed in embryonic life best attains recovery. As the background is developed the progressively higher levels of function are achieved in order. This is not a teaching or instructional process. It is not accomplished by repetition or practice. The active nervous system appears to be progressively reprogrammed from indwelling information, I assume from genetic information.
This is a diagnosis which sneaks up on you. It can begin with a severe trauma or with a minor illness. It can progress through areas of muscle soreness or joint pain, tactile sensitivity, stress reactions, anxiety, and/or depression. It can encompass any number of problems. It may defy all efforts to define a cause, and is invariably difficult to treat effectively with lasting results. New pains, tensions, headaches, sleeplessness, and chronic fatigue can become an expected part of your life.
When we began to work successfully with the many problems of Post Polio Syndrome, we realized that through our very basic and natural treatment protocol we were able to affect multiple symptoms and complex troubles which had proven to be resistant to treatment. Our patients had invariably sought relief through the usual and customary methods of treatment. Medical, physical, psychological, and various alternative methods frequently provide temporary relief of one, or some of the problems, but remaining dysfunctions tend to trigger their return.
Like Fibromyalgia, Chronic Pain can also sneak up on you. It can affect any area of your body. In its efforts to protect itself from further pain, the body may interpret virtually any contact, or any body sensation as pain, adding to its woes.
Significant relief from multiple and complex sites of pain were also an outgrowth of our successful work with clients who were experiencing the many problems of Post Polio Syndrome. We realized that through our very basic and natural treatment protocol we were able to affect multiple symptoms and complex troubles which had proven to be resistant to treatment. Our patients had invariably sought relief through the usual and customary methods of treatment.
When your own nervous system is enhanced to evaluate its own problems, it appears to have the ability to define and often correct the source. It recognizes the cause, rather than the symptoms.
Our methods are basic, simple and natural procedures, which include primarily hydrotherapy, linear contractile stimulation, sensory stimulation and passive exercise. We ask our clients to relax as much as possible. Don't try to help us. It works best when we do it all.
Every movement of every modality is performed in a strictly controlled sequence. Special sequences of environmental controls provide the relaxation, the stimulus, and the focal enhancement to define and correct the body's own difficulties.
Your best doctor resides in your own body. Your body has to heal every cut, repair every fracture, get rid of toxins, respond to prescribed medications then get rid of the medications. Surgery is only successful when the body has finished its job of repair.
The body knows how to make antibodies to fight intruding infections and automatically knows the sequence of events needed to survive and fully recover from many illnesses which we have never heard of.
The body must be attentive too many problems, and is often weakened by an illness or trauma leading to a diagnosis of fibromyalgia, (pain in the areas of fiber and muscle in soft tissues). Our treatment maximizes relaxation, provides relief and good sensations in place of pain and stress. It helps the body to focus on its ability to repair. We can't make promises for success, or guarantees. We can tell you with confidence, that a high percentage of our clients experience significant and lasting improvement, usually within a few days of treatment. We are devoted to improving the quality of your life.
Post Polio Syndrome
The primary symptoms of post polio syndrome are:
-Progressive loss of strength.
-Rapid, intractable fatigue.
-Progressive chronic fatigue.
-Joint and muscle pain, frequently non-responsive to medication.
There are numerous other factors observable in most patients including, but not limited to:
-Uncoordinated movements or muscle substitution.
-Various gait and posture problems.
-Trigger point pain.
During the periods following the recognition of the Post Polio Syndrome, or the Latent Effect of Polio, it was found that attempts to treat the specific symptoms, such as those listed above, produced very limited and transient relief. The disabilities invariably progressed. The common suggestions for treatment included:
Cut back on all activities. Virtually any type of exercise or postural effort, even in brief episodes, increased symptoms.
Lose weight. Avoid anything that would cause any muscle to work hard.
If you are walking, get lighter shoes.
If you have difficulty lifting your feet, get braces.
If you are wearing braces get lighter ones.
If you fatigue while walking, use crutches. If you are using crutches get lighter ones or use a wheelchair. If you are using a wheelchair get an electric drive cart or chair.
If you have a job, try and cut back to 1/2 the time,
until such time as you will have to quit work.
Control your pain with medication.
Massage may give temporary relief of pain.
Rest as much as possible.
Eat a balanced, nutritious, low calorie diet.
Join a support group.
These were well meant suggestions, but accomplished little if anything and the patients progressed rapidly, towards total debilitation.
Protocol for Post Polio Syndrome
The approach to treatment protocol in this center is designed to address all physical, anatomical and physiological facets of the syndrome simultaneously. Following a very extensive treatment period, we provide a continuing self-care format, which would allow an active life of greater quality. The protocol we presently offer provides, what we think is, the broadest scope of improvements demonstrated to maintain its effects for, in some cases, extensive periods of up to 5 years.
We are very gratified with this result, since we are working with a part of the population who are supposed to experience similar decline, simply because of age.
Our purpose is to stop the decline of function, stop the pain, and most importantly, improve the quality of life on a day to day basis. The results have exceeded our hopes and expectations.
The response of the first client treated by the new format was so positive, and so rapid that all subsequent clients have been scheduled for a period of only 10 days to limit expense for the clients or their sponsors. Of those who received this two week treatment format, more that 85% regained strength and/or function similar to their abilities of 5-10 years previous. Some regained functional strength of muscles which were nonfunctioning and atrophied since the acute disease episode as long as 35 years ago. Of even greater importance, is the fact that most of the individuals have retained or enhanced their improved status over a period of two to five years (to this date) through their home program activities, and through telephone consultation when any problems arise.
Why wait to find out how we can help!
e-mail James ~ firstname.lastname@example.org | <urn:uuid:6d29025c-a3db-47b8-8cf8-98c52ebd3f94> | CC-MAIN-2018-17 | http://snapptherapy.com/diagnoses.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-17/segments/1524125946807.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20180424154911-20180424174911-00588.warc.gz | en | 0.956926 | 3,095 | 3.375 | 3 |
How GreenMobility works for the UN Sustainable Development Goals
UN’s 17 Sustainable Development Goals are a call for action by all countries to transform our world into more sustainable living. Among the goals, we especially focus on goal no 11, 12, and 13. But how is that actually done in practice? Get the answer in the following when we introduce how GreenMobility makes a difference to make cities more sustainable through a fleet of shareable cars.
More shareable cars, fewer private ones
Goal 11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities
Less noise, fewer cars and less pollution in the cities. It sounds like a utopia. And it almost is, but during the last four years, we have already made a great effort to get closer to the goal. With our fleet of 950 electric cars in eight cities in Europe, we are making an important effort towards creating more sustainable cities. And that is exactly what the UN’s 11th Sustainable Development Goal is about.
More than half of the world’s population lives in urban areas and by 2050 it is expected that two-thirds of the world’s population will live in the cities. Imagine the overload.
Our mobility solution makes it possible to have access to a zero-emission car 24 hours a day without having to bother with the cost of owning a car yourself. By sharing cars instead of owning them, we reduce the number of private cars on the streets, which is a big thing, when in the future there will only be more people in the cities.
By creating a sustainable car-sharing concept, where you through an app find an electric car on the street near you, drive, and park in for instance the other end of town, we make sustainable transportation accessible to everyone (at least anyone older than 18 who has a driver’s license).
And more shared cars instead of private cars help reduce climate footprint. On an average trip of 7.7 km in a GreenMobility car, you save 912g CO2, which corresponds to the climate footprint of the production of one liter of milk or 3 cups of black coffee1. In total, GreenMobility’s users have saved more than 1,900,000 kilos of CO2.
Electric cars made of recycled plastic and recyclable materials
Goal 12 – Responsible Consumption and Production
We reduce our footprint on nature by changing the way we produce and consume. And sustainable consumption and production is exactly what the UN’s 12th Sustainable Development Goal is about. To live up to the goal, we work with sustainable suppliers, such as Renault, which has delivered our fleet of electric cars.
It may not be visible to the eye, but when you drive around in our electric cars, it is recycled plastic and recyclable materials that protect you from rain and wind. Our Renault Zoe cars are produced from 90% recyclable material and two types of recycled plastic. Likewise, the interior fabrics are made from 100% recyclable materials. And then the noise level of the cars is very low. We also ensure that our cars, when they are damaged and no longer in operation, are recycled (both windows, battery, metal, wires) in a sustainable way.
Renewable energy sources and green power
Goal 13 – Climate Action
In Belgium, 20,8% of the CO2 emissions come from transport and Antwerp had to introduce a low-emission zone to improve air quality. Air pollution is an often overlooked problem, and every year more than five times as many people die from air pollution than from traffic accidents. We can create cleaner air in cities by changing the way we think about mobility. That is one of GreenMobility’s core areas for the 13th SDG: Climate Action.
Our fleet consists of 100% of electric cars emit no harmful substances and primarily run on electricity from renewable energy sources. Our cars get electricity from our partners Blue Corner and Allego, where they use exclusively green electricity. Here, the climate impact is far less than with petrol and diesel cars.
Our effort towards climate change also means that we are constantly in dialogue with decision-makers and strive to educate and promote the importance of the green agenda and sustainable mobility solutions, to both customers, companies, and governments. | <urn:uuid:57d424ba-4772-4e71-acea-28dd926eace9> | CC-MAIN-2022-27 | https://www.greenmobility.com/be/en/how-greenmobility-works-for-the-un-sustainable-development-goals/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656103322581.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220626222503-20220627012503-00783.warc.gz | en | 0.953135 | 878 | 3.0625 | 3 |
Snake Animal Facts for Kids
Snakes are reptilians that are locates largely in tropical regions of the globe. The places where there is no sight of any single snakes are Iceland, Greenland, New Zealand, Ireland, and Antarctica. They are cold-blooded reptilians that hang on the warmth from the sun and their environment to handle the blood heat. of their bodies.
Snakes are reptilians that have lengthy, movable bodies with no arms or legs. They exist in a various of bodily shapes and measurements. Those snakes that resides in waterbodies inclined to be long and plane, while tree-residence snakes are lengthy and slim, with a tail that they can make use of to tie around hands of tress. Snakes that tunnel into the earth apt to be small and denser. All snakes have unflinching, lidless eyes, that are each safeguarded by a see-through scale. Snakes are hearing-impaired to flying sounds.
Snakes come in a various of hues, patterns and textures. Poisonous snakes be inclined to be glowingly hued, as bright hues act as a caution to bloodsucker that they should evade.
There are some non-poisonous snakes that are also glowingly colored, and this is so hunter will be fooled into believe that they are poisonous, and will leave them isolated. Many snakes have same colouring to their surroundings, as a means of camouflage, which helps them to stay secretive from both predators and prey.
Snakes only feed when they are starving. It means that a snake will feed once a month or once a week. If a snake does not show any movement and does consume much energy, like some that are hold in in zoos, they may only consume a few of times a year. One kind of Fer-de-lance, a lethal rattlesnake, has been written down feeding victim 1.6 times its own body mass. | <urn:uuid:e8c18c94-0e78-47db-b5ac-12c637cdfdb6> | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | https://www.kidpid.com/snake-animal-facts-for-kids/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296943695.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20230321095704-20230321125704-00484.warc.gz | en | 0.967951 | 414 | 3.03125 | 3 |
Taking care of compost worms can be an overwhelming process, especially if you are a beginner. Among others, one of the most important concerns would be the environment where they grow. The temperature is a crucial factor that will influence their survival.
Can compost worms survive winter? If you are curious, read on, and we’ll let you know the answer. We’ll also talk about some of the best things to do to make sure that worms will thrive in the composting bin once the temperature starts to drop.
Will Compost Worms Survive the Cold?
Yes, compost worms can survive winter! However, this is the case only if you engage in proactive measures to create the ideal habitat. The body temperature of worms will be largely affected by their environment, so you need to do something to make sure that they will thrive even as it gets cold.
Worms have natural instincts. They have natural resilience, which will help them survive adverse environmental conditions. However, this does not mean that you can just leave them outdoors to freeze in the winter. To let them survive, you need to do something.
The Ideal Temperature for Worms
According to the California Integrated Waste Management Board, the best outside temperature for composting would range from 55 to 77 degrees. When the temperature outside is within that range, which is usually the case in the winter, worms can suffer. It can slow their growth and reproduction. Worst, it can also kill worms, especially if it gets below 40 degrees Fahrenheit.
Below, we’ll talk about some of the things that can happen to the composting worms in the winter:
- Compost will Become Dry: Even if it is raining and when it is cold, the humidity of the compost will drop.
- Organic Material Breaks Down Longer: From food to paper, it will take a longer time for them to decompose compared to the rate at which they break down in the summer months.
- Increased Presence of Pests: Ants, cockroaches, and spiders, among other pests, will be present in the composting bin as it gets too cold. Often, this is a result of the two things mentioned above.
How to Make Worms Survive Winter
With a little effort and time to spare, it is possible to make your composting worms survive winter. Below are some of the most important things to do:
- Find shelter to protect the worms from the wind and rain. If the bin is lightweight, find a way to secure it in position so that it will not be blown by the wind. See to it that there is an opening at the bottom, which will let rainwater pass through. It is best to find an area with shade so that rainwater will not flood your composting bin.
- Look for warm surfaces when thinking of the perfect location for the composting bin. Bricks, rock, and concrete are some of the best surfaces, especially because they can absorb heat during the day.
- Reduce the number of scraps you are giving the worms as food. If they eat too much, they will be more sluggish. When they are in a cold environment, they need to be moving, which will help in generating heat to keep the worms warm.
- Maintain the right moisture level. The drop in the temperature can cause the soil to dry. Spray water to keep the bedding moist. Laying a cloth on the top of the food scraps is another easy way to keep the soil moist.
- Bring the composting bin indoors. This is perhaps the most logical way to prevent the worms from freezing. If you have a basement, this is one of the best places to keep the worms, making sure that they will not freeze. A heater garage or utility room will also be good places to keep the worms warm.
- Adding insulation is another promising way to trap heat and prevent the worms from being too cold. Insulating the soil is possible by adding a layer of mulch or covering the top of the compost with a tarp.
In sum, it is possible for worms to survive in winter. They are naturally resilient and they use their instinct to adapt to the external environment, especially when it gets cold. However, worms can only do so much. The conditions of the compost will be affected, the reproduction rate will slow down, and worms can die! With all these things, it is crucial to have a proactive approach when managing the compost bin to ensure the survival of worms. | <urn:uuid:23323e2f-f88d-4646-a050-481d5634d16e> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://wormskillwaste.com/can-compost-worms-survive-winter/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499845.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20230131055533-20230131085533-00729.warc.gz | en | 0.948578 | 919 | 3.109375 | 3 |
For you who deal with computer management, be it at office or at home, having a reliable file extension is necessary. It is so in order that your work can effectively be carried out. You can imagine if all the data you do with your computer is just done manually, besides time consuming, it is also disk space consuming. Especially when you do installing software, using file extension is a must. One of the file extension you must be in to it is File Extension TMP. This file extension is usually used for temporary files which you will run them fully later. It is very compatible for it is created for multiple programs or applications.
Another is File Extension BIN. This file extension is created to help you efficiently deal with image management like pictures or photographs. As commonly for such a thing, you put them in .jpeg and as such, with File Extension BIN, the work of images, videos, games etc. can be more efficient. The other but not the last file extension is file extension dmg. All such files are created painstakingly for use to ease your work with computer.
So, it is high time then that you have to start making use of file extensions. To learn further about them, you can dig up the ComputerFileExtension.com. More file extensions are available there and ready for download. Just browse the one suits your need for your efficient computer work management. | <urn:uuid:2db31568-a977-4789-99be-21d11f27eb7d> | CC-MAIN-2017-09 | http://nokiaedition.blogspot.com/2009/02/importance-of-using-file-extensions.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-09/segments/1487501171271.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20170219104611-00430-ip-10-171-10-108.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.954805 | 284 | 2.71875 | 3 |
Charles Kingsley (12 June 1819 – 23 January 1875) was a broad church priest of the Church of England, a university professor, social reformer, historian and novelist. He is particularly associated with Christian socialism, the working men's college, and forming labour cooperatives that failed but led to the working reforms of the progressive era. He was a friend and correspondent with Charles Darwin. He was also the uncle of traveller and scientist Mary Kingsley.
Alton Locke is an 1850 novel, by Charles Kingsley, written in sympathy with the Chartist movement, in which Carlyle is introduced as one of the personages
Alton Locke is the story of a young tailor-boy who has instincts and aspirations beyond the normal expectations of his working-class background. He is intensely patriotic and has ambitions to be a poet. In the course of the narrative, Alton Locke loves and struggles in vain.
Physically, he is a weak man, but is able to encompass all the best emotions, along with vain longings, wild hopes, and a righteous indignation at the plight of his contemporaries. He joins the Chartist movement because he can find no better vehicle by which to improve the lot of the working class, experiencing a sense of devastation at its apparent failure. Utterly broken in spirit, Alton Locke sails for America to seek a new life there; however, he barely reaches the shore of the New World before he dies.
Excellent pages for its age, some edge and board wear. | <urn:uuid:f31cd738-a681-4d72-8dd8-104878f5a95b> | CC-MAIN-2020-24 | https://www.oxfam.org.uk/shop/product/alton-locke-tailor-and-poet-an-autobiography-hd_101427410 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-24/segments/1590347385193.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20200524210325-20200525000325-00429.warc.gz | en | 0.972423 | 306 | 2.78125 | 3 |
The process of a bullet expanding under pressure to fit the bore of the firearm, or a cartridge case expanding under pressure to seal the chamber.
the act of stopping up, or closing, an opening
Origin: [L. obturare to stop up: cf. F. obturation.]
In the field of firearms and airguns, obturation denotes necessary barrel blockage or fitment by a deformed soft projectile. A bullet or pellet, made of soft material and often with a concave base, will flare under the heat and pressure of firing, filling the bore and engaging the barrel's rifling. The mechanism by which an undersized soft-metal projectile enlarges to fill the barrel is, for hollow-base bullets, expansion from gas pressure within the base cavity and, for solid-base bullets, "upsetting"—the combined shortening and thickening that occurs when a malleable metal object is struck forcibly at one end. For shotgun shells which have multiple pellets, much smaller than the barrel bore, obturation is achieved by placing a plastic wad or biodegradable card of the same diameter as the barrel between the propellant powder and the pellets.
The numerical value of obturation in Chaldean Numerology is: 3
The numerical value of obturation in Pythagorean Numerology is: 9
Images & Illustrations of obturation
Translations for obturation
From our Multilingual Translation Dictionary
Get even more translations for obturation »
Find a translation for the obturation definition in other languages:
Select another language: | <urn:uuid:af969c90-3ede-4fc4-a5fe-0362313826c6> | CC-MAIN-2017-43 | http://www.definitions.net/definition/obturation | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-43/segments/1508187820930.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20171017072323-20171017092323-00543.warc.gz | en | 0.842314 | 332 | 3.40625 | 3 |
There’s definitely something about grape seed extract as a cancer-fighter: after proving its worth for 10 years, researchers have discovered in laboratory tests that it kills prostate cancer cells while leaving healthy ones unharmed.
The seed’s active cancer-fighting compound is called B2G2, and researchers at the University of Colorado’s cancer centre have been demonstrating its effectiveness for 10 years. But it was only recently the researchers were able to identify B2G2 and isolate it.
The next stage is to make a compound, but it’s expensive and difficult to isolate it. The other hurdle is getting the approval of America’s drug regulators, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), to carry out clinical trials on humans when the researchers are not sure of the mechanisms themselves, and what other effects B2G2 may have.
(Source: Nutrition and Cancer, 2013; 131105125434005)
Image courtesy of Photokanok at FreeDigitalPhotos.net | <urn:uuid:c4395467-5c49-4d9e-bfef-da7f04fab162> | CC-MAIN-2021-39 | https://naturallyhealthynews.info/grapeseed-extract-kills-prostate-cancer-cells-in-breakthrough-lab-tests/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780057366.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20210922132653-20210922162653-00703.warc.gz | en | 0.95157 | 208 | 2.625 | 3 |
Feb 26, 2018 - National Geographic Explorer
A visit to South Georgia provides incredibly beautiful sceneries and an overwhelming amount of wildlife. On this first day of exploring the wonders of this island we certainly got a convincing proof! The first wake-up call sounded at 04:45, and quite a few guests took the opportunity to get ashore before sunrise. We were at Gold Harbour, one of South Georgia´s most spectacular landing spots. Gold Harbour is formed like an amphitheater, with a wide, flat beach, framed by lush slopes and steep rocks with a glacier on top. The beach is home to a colony of king penguins as well as fur seals and elephant seals. Those who got up at normal wake-up time were shuttled to the beach just after breakfast and spent the whole morning ashore.
Join us for updates, insider reports & special offers. | <urn:uuid:828fd04b-467f-4868-8d55-b30f4a44fdbb> | CC-MAIN-2019-35 | https://www.expeditions.com/daily-expedition-reports/185539/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-35/segments/1566027317516.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20190822215308-20190823001308-00427.warc.gz | en | 0.968249 | 177 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Most of us dread cold and flu season and for an unfortunate few, pneumonia is a more serious complication.
According to the World Health Organisation (worldwide statistics), influenza results in 3 to 5 million cases of severe illness each year, with about 250,000 to 500,000 deaths mainly among high-risk groups (young children, elderly or chronically ill).
Pneumonia accounts for 15 percent of all deaths for children under 5, and is among the top 10 leading causes of death in the United States for adults.
An excessive response by the body to the infection (what is called inflammation) is part of the reason why pneumonia leads to death.
The body's defense mechanism (immune system) triggers inflammation, which is beneficial in the beginning, as it helps remove the harmful bacteria or virus causing the infection.
As a part of the inflammation process, fluids and body's defense cells (white blood cells) leak out from blood vessels into the infected area.
Dr. Andrew Tan, who led an interdisciplinary team of scientists from Nanyang Technological University (NTU) Singapore, has developed a novel solution that helps to recover from influenza infection.
Li Liang, the lead author from NTU explains that, "A protein called ANGPTL4 regulates blood vessel "leakiness", which allows white blood cells to enter the lungs in order to combat the infection." "The amount of ANGPTL4 produced will increase with more imflammation", explained Dr. Tan.
However, in many cases inflammation continues even after the cause of infection has been removed, leading to a build-up of fluid in the lungs and internal bleeding.
These patients take longer to recover and it has been shown in cases with severe infections such as avian flu and SARS that the excess inflammation caused more deaths than the initial infection.
Findings recently published in the journal Cell Reports, indicate that, by blocking the protein-ANGPTL4, blood vessels leakiness is reduced, thus controlling the inflammation process.
"Blocking this protein in mice suffering from pneumonia and influenza, helped them recover much faster than mice that didn't receive the treatment," said Dr. Tan. "We are able to control the natural response of inflammation, which in turn reduces the damage to the lungs. However, this treatment would be reserved for severe infection where inflammation is excessive."
Currently, clinical applications of this study are being explored by two biotech companies- Abcam (United Kingdom) and Adipogen Int. (United States).
Dr. Tan warns, "The development of human treatment could take up to eight years."
However, they are currently developing a 'diagnostic' kit which should be commercialised in about three years. The kit will help doctors diagnose the severity of pneumonia and effectiveness of the prescribed treatment.
When asked about other possible applications, Dr. Tan said, "We believe the treatment may be applicable to other diseases with inflammation accompanied by tissue leakiness, e.g. meningitis, tetanus, dengue fever amongst others."
Image credit: http://www.doctoroz.com/topic/cold-flu | <urn:uuid:c6ff887e-a5aa-4de3-94a0-adddcfac8969> | CC-MAIN-2022-05 | https://themunicheye.com/plugging-leaks-to-prevent-influenza-deaths-3140 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-05/segments/1642320305420.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220128043801-20220128073801-00523.warc.gz | en | 0.949917 | 639 | 3.203125 | 3 |
Autonomous boats play an increasingly important role in understanding and protecting our oceans. They are able to collect a wealth of research data to monitor the state of our oceans as well as the aquatic life within it that would otherwise be impossible to collect due to the cost, challenging conditions, and long duration of the project. This industry is just in its infancy, like self-driving cars and drones, and there are tremendous opportunities for autonomous boats in a variety of applications.
There is significant room for growth in this industry and autonomous boat technology, and our goal through this project is to contribute to that knowledge. Currently all long distance autonomous boats are propelled by waves or wind, however we feel that solar power can potentially offer a better solution.
There are inherent limitations to using wind or waves to power an autonomous boat. The boats are not able to travel in areas without wind or waves, they cannot travel quickly and are thus unable to travel against strong currents or opposing conditions, and they struggle to maintain a fixed location which is essential to many monitoring tasks. The vessel we are creating is designed to travel continuously at 4-5 knots (in spring/summer/fall solar conditions), which is about twice the speed as the fastest autonomous boats currently available. The speed of existing energy-harvesting autonomous boats range from about 0.8 knots to 2.5 knots. A faster autonomous boat is able to overcome these challenges, opening the door to new potential applications and increasing the effectiveness in using autonomous boats for the many tasks they already accomplish.
Monitoring ocean conditions such as air temperature, wind speed, barometric pressure, and wind direction is critical for weather forecasting. Ships, buoys and satellites collect this information, and autonomous boats offer an opportunity to improve upon our ability to forecast weather.
In the Pacific Ocean an array of some 70 deep ocean buoys sit near the equator and collect information critical to predicting weather and major year-to-year climate variations related to El Niño. This array, called the Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) project, has collected information since the mid 1980s, however 60% of the buoys are no longer functioning. To improve the real-time data collected by the US and partner nations to forecast weather and climate, including El Nino, NOAA launched two autonomous sailboats, Saildrones, on a six-month, 8,000 nautical mile round trip mission to the equator and back in the summer of 2017. The unmanned sailing vehicles will take part in a larger field study with NASA, and visit mooring sites along the array of observing buoys.
Detecting foreign submarines in a nation’s waters is important to protecting a country’s security and sovereignty. Traditionally, surface warships, aircraft, satellites or other submarines are used to locate and deal with unwelcome submarines. However, cost and limited resources hampers the area that can be effectively protected.
Recently, countries have turned to autonomous boats to increase the effectiveness and affordability of their anti-submarine warfare programs. For the cost of a single manned vessel, multiple autonomous boats equipped with submarine detecting sensors can patrol a much larger area. This greatly increases the effectiveness of anti-submarine defence programs without increasing the cost. The Wave Glider, an autonomous boat produced by the US-based company Liquid Robotics has been used by Navies around the world including the US, UK, and Australia.
Extreme Environment Work
Extreme environments such as the Arctic are difficult areas to work indue to the size and remoteness of the area, limited ice-free season, and inclement weather. Autonomous vessels have been used for various applications in challenging environments and have demonstrated not only their ability to collect data but to do so at a lower cost and in a quicker time frame.
Due to the challenging nature of working in the Arctic, much of the region is unmapped or poorly mapped with data from surveys that are 70 years old. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is working the chart the region using autonomous boats to survey Arctic waters. In the Bering Strait, they are using AVS Global’s autonomous boat the C-Worker 5 outfitted with sensors to collect multibeam and towed sidescan data. The autonomous boat was used in conjunction with a manned research vessel to increase the area charted in a reduced period of time. Using an unmanned vessel effectively doubled the area that could be mapped for minimal additional cost, and nearly halved the time required to complete the survey.
NOAA also used autonomous sailboats Saildrone to measure oceanographic and climate conditions in the Bering and Chukchi Seas. The unmanned boats travelled 7,000 nm over a 3 month period, reaching the 75th parallel north and getting within a few miles of the ice edge. They tracked melting ice, measured the ocean’s levels of carbon dioxide, and monitored for the presence of fish, seals, and whales to better understand their behaviour and population. This data will help improve weather and climate forecasting and our understanding of ocean acidification in these critical ecosystem areas.
Hydrographic and Bathymetric Survey
Hydrographic and bathymetric surveys measure and detail features of the coastline and seabed that is critical to maritime navigation, marine construction, dredging, offshore oil exploration/offshore oil drilling and related activities. Ships using sonar travel along the area of interest, gathering information about what is on the ocean’s floor. Using crewed ships can be a very laborious, costly and time intensive process, as ships need to travel along the area of interest in a grid-like manner to adequately map the desired area.
There is a growing use of autonomous boats for this kind of work, in the ocean environment as well as in lakes, sewage treatment plants, rivers, mines and harbours. In the Bering Sea, the NOAA used AVS Global’s autonomous boat the C-Worker 5 to map the seabed. Autonomous battery powered boats such as Seafloor’s HyDrone ASV or EchoBoat-ASV are designed for a various of hydrographic survey applications with a range of sensors.
Water Quality and Environmental Monitoring
Protecting and ensuring water quality is essential for human safety and environmental protection. Unmanned boats play an important role in monitoring water systems for eutrophication, changing water quality and emergent water pollution accident, which is critical to responding quickly.
The UK-based company AutoNaut monitored the water quality by a sewage outfall off the south-west coast of England using their autonomous boat to analyze whether seawater close to the outflow was negatively affected. A European Union backed consortium with partners in France, Netherlands, Scotland, Slovenia and Cyprus created a robotic system of autonomous boats to detect and map algae blooms and then destroy them using ultrasound technology. This is particularly important in coastal and inland waters where algae blooms result from eutrophication due to intensive agriculture and can contaminate drinking water supplies, ecosystems and shellfish or fish destined for human consumption. Speedy response to environmental contamination such as an oil spill is essential and autonomous boats have been used to monitor and detect oil spills, as well as assist in the clean-up. US-based company Saildrone, who produces an autonomous sailboat, was used in the Gulf of Mexico to locate and track natural oil seeps.
Early earthquake detection is key to saving lives. Advance warning allows people to rush to safety, automatic brakes to halt trains and surgeons to pause critical operations. Ocean based sensors are more accurate and timely than land-based detection systems, as they are located closer to the fault line. In addition to providing an earlier earthquake warning, they also offer more detail on the strength of the quake as well as the resulting tsunami.
Several countries, including the US, Canada and Japan, have invested in underwater earthquake monitors. The seabed-based seismometers are installed on the ocean floor near subduction zones, areas where one plate of the earth’s crust slides under another, and a cable connecting them relays the information to a research station or a moored buoy captures the sonic information and relays the information in real time. A cable or moored buoy is required to relay the information as radiowaves cannot travel through water. This limits the location and number of seismometers that can be placed as the cable infrastructure and moored buoy can only be installed in relatively shallow waters. Consequently areas with high seismic activity that have no nearby island or continental sites are impossible to monitor and the high cost limits the area that can be monitored.
Researchers are now exploring the feasibility of using autonomous boats instead of moored buoys or cables to convey the information from the sea-bed seismometer. Scientists at Scripps Institution of Oceanography (Scripps) created an unmanned observatory, High Seas Telemetered Seismographic Observatory, that provides real-time seismic telemetry from the seafloor using the autonomous boat Wave Glider. Located in the Pacific Ocean west of San Diego, the seismographic station sits on the seabed under more than 4 km of water. Other institutions such as the University of Victoria, are also proposing acoustic communication from the sea-bed to surface vessel which will then transmit the information to the research station in real time.
Oceanography and Marine Research
Autonomous boats equipped with sensors are capable of taking a multitude of measurements relevant to a broad array of research interests. The Norwegian-based autonomous sailboat SailBuoy was used in the Gulf of Mexico following Deepwater Horizon oil spill to study the consequences. SailBuoy collected data on surface temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen in regions affected by the spill including the De Soto Canyon and Mississippi River plume. SailBuoy was also used in the North Sea to measure wave heights, information that is currently obtained by wave buoys, as well as in the Faroe Islands and Svalbard, a remote archipelago near the North Pole. | <urn:uuid:4b654a77-5135-4c1d-9592-e2b67386427b> | CC-MAIN-2021-25 | https://angusadventures.com/expedition/autonomous-ocean/applications/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-25/segments/1623487620971.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20210615084235-20210615114235-00347.warc.gz | en | 0.94607 | 2,042 | 2.765625 | 3 |
February 25th, 2012 18:46 EST
Coronal Mass Ejection Expected in the Next 24-48 hours
A Coronal Mass Ejection that occurred on the 24th of February may affect the Earth sometime on the 26th or 27th.
According to reports the CME (Coronal Mass Ejection) is not expected to hit the Earth directly, but may cause a Geomagnetic Storm on a moderate G2 scale. Like Hurricanes and Tornados, the severity of the storm is rated in numbers (5 usually being the highest and most dangerous).
A G2 Geomagnetic Storm, according to the Space WeatherPrediction Center, is likely to produce the following results:
Power systems: high-latitude power systems may experience voltage alarms, long-duration storms may cause transformer damage.
Spacecraft operations: corrective actions to orientation may be required by ground control; possible changes in drag affect orbit predictions.
Other systems: HF radio propagati.on can fade at higher latitudes, and aurora has been seen as low as New York and Idaho
The effects of a Geomagnetic Storm were first observed in the early 19th century and the largest occurred on the 1-2 September, 1859, commonly known as the 1859 solar superstorm or the Carrington Event. It was so powerful that telegraph operators received shocks and it caused fires. Aurorae, usually only seen near the poles, was witnessed as far south as Hawaii, Mexico, Cuba, and Italy.
Such large storms normally occur once every 500 years and smaller less notable storms have happened in 1921 and 1960, although a severe geomagnetic storm in 1989 did affect the Hydro-Québec power grid, leaving six million people without power for nine hours.
Whilst there is limited proof that such storms can affect humans (unless they are extremely strong), I often get quite bad headaches when they occur and this is something that others have mentioned as well.
A G5 Geomagnetic Storm is certainly capable of doing some damage and can potentially damage transformers and create voltage control problems. Thankfully, electronic devices were few and far between when the storm in 1859 hit our planet, which helped us to avoid more extensive damage.
This latest Geomagnetic Storm is unlikely to cause too many problems, but it may offer an opportunity of seeing aurora in more southern locations.
Explore the mysteries of dreams, Life after death, UFOs, Time Travel, Ghosts and many other fascinating subjects by downloading a copy of "The Unexplained Explored" today!
Photo Credit: WikiMedia Commons | <urn:uuid:31b01d2b-0b3c-407a-ab2e-0811fe775856> | CC-MAIN-2015-22 | http://thesop.org/story/20120225/coronal-mass-ejection-expected-in-the-next-2448-hours.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-22/segments/1432207928757.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20150521113208-00177-ip-10-180-206-219.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.953337 | 529 | 2.90625 | 3 |
Encrypting communication that takes place over the internet is now considered a standard security practice, this includes the obvious things that spring to mind; emails, online transactions and submitting personal data.
And this also includes printing documents.
It’s usually the last thing that comes to mind when thinking of potential security risks, however your printer is actually one of the easiest gateways that hackers can use to access sensitive information on your network.
Being slack with your printer’s security can also pose an internal security risk, too. Revealing confidential and sensitive information to people in your organisation; breaching data protection and GDPR rules and regulations.
Below are a number of security tips that you can follow to help keep your printer secure.
Use Printer Encryption
Printer encryption works by converting the data or information stored on a document, into code so that it can’t be intercepted and uncovered when it is being transmitted over the internet.
Using printer encryption allows you to encrypt your print jobs before they are sent to the printer, keeping the contents of the print jobs secure.
Encrypting your print jobs is particularly important if you are printing over a shared, unsecured or public network.
Keep Your Printer Up To Date
Hackers prey on devices, websites, and servers that are not up-to-date, and that includes printers.
Printers that are not updated, do not have the latest security measures in place, meaning it’s much easier for hackers to access them.
By downloading and installing the latest updates from your printer’s manufacturer, you can ensure that you are keeping your printer up to date with the latest fixes and security preventions.
Set Up Print Authorisation
These days, many printers are embedded with technology that allows you to control who has access to them and who can use them. This not only helps to prevent sensitive data losses, due to limited access, but it can also save you money in the long run by reducing wasteful printing (win win).
Password Protect Your Printer
If you share a computer or printer that has wireless printing capabilities, you might want to limit who can use them to print documents.
Password protecting your printer means that no one can complete a print job without providing the correct password beforehand, keeping documents and their contents safe.
Following these tips can help protect your confidential information and make your printing environment that much safer. | <urn:uuid:6c91eb44-90ad-467b-b47e-633e7b389b90> | CC-MAIN-2021-31 | https://ctrl-print.co.uk/tips-securing-your-printer/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-31/segments/1627046153931.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20210730025356-20210730055356-00017.warc.gz | en | 0.919385 | 493 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Quoting myself (almost never a good idea):
It feels like the tide is turning on emissions. Even if the point of inflection isn’t behind us yet, we’re running out of easy to find stuff to burn, and we do at least have a set of alternatives lined up.
I wasn’t wrong, but the data shows no reason to be optimistic. The inflection point certainly isn’t behind us, and the rate of emissions growth is still rising.
The slope of the graph is the rate of increase, and you can clearly see that prior to 2004, the gradient was shallower than it is now. It’s a little confusing that the rate after 2011 reverts to the pre-2004 rate, but the point that authors are trying to make is the most positive. Given the increase in emissions since 2004, the ‘Additional’ wedge on the right is now much more will have been added to the baseline. Assuming that the world comes around, and immediately adopts the wedges plan, all be it in a now more radical form with more of the 15 wedges, it is still possible to make it to a stabilization goal by 2061.
As Realclimate puts it:
The results are not encouraging. First, and most significant, rather than decreasing the emissions rate, the lack of implementation of these strategies has been accompanied by an accelerated rate of emissions, such that annual CO2 [Sic. they mean C; CO2 output would be 30Gt CO2/yr] output is now just under 9 Gt C/yr, a 2 Gt/yr increase. Accounting for natural sequestration, this represents an increase of about 13-14 ppm CO2 over that time. But this is not the full story by any means. As Socolow notes, if we re-set the clock to 2011 and start the wedge strategy implementation now, it would now take nine wedges implemented at the proposed rate of the original seven, to accomplish the same goal (keeping emission rates constant over the next 50 years).
The thing that stops the level of CO2 in the atmosphere from spiralling out of control is the two big sinks, the oceans and terrestrial. It’s not clear to me that we have a good understanding of how much more the oceans can absorb and remain a viable ecosystem. At some point they’ll simply tip over into being a net source of emissions. No doubt the same is true for terrestrial sinks, and through temperate zone deforestation we are actively reducing its size over time.
The amount of coal mined (and presumably burned) is projected to rise until at least 2025. It seems likely that the tar sand of Alberta will be mined on a large enough scale to counteract any decrease in easily accessible crude oil – at least on a short time scale. Fracking is sucking on the last bits of natural gas… all in all i’d say that we’re showing very little inclination to ‘leave stuff in the ground’.
And, in that sense, i was very wrong. My ‘Eco Madness’ category has never felt so appropriate. | <urn:uuid:ed00ddbc-33d6-43d9-9d90-6f374f2b654f> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | https://itllallendintears.wordpress.com/2011/10/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257650764.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20180324171404-20180324191404-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.950624 | 650 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Indian cuisine is a common term given to the food from India but in a larger picture it encompasses all the regional cuisines within India. India is known for its cultural diversity; also the cuisine is highly influenced by the region, traditions and occupation. The early invaders of our country, be it Greek or Mughals or Europeans have played a major role in shaping up our modern Indian cuisine. I have already discussed about the history of our food in the book talk – The Story of Our Food by KT Achaya.
Can I explain about Indian Cuisine in one single post? No. Generalizing becomes very difficult here. Each and every state in India has its own cuisine. Each and every district/region within the state has its own cuisine. The diverse regions, geographical locations and religion, culture, occupation all plays a major role in defining the regional cuisine. Then comes the fusion food like Indo-Chinese, Indo-Italian, Indo-American and this list keeps growing as the Indian diaspora keeps growing.
Today I am just going to share a few things about Tamil Nadu Cuisine. Tamil Nadu is one among the 29 states of India and it lies in the south most part of Indian Peninsula and the capital city is Chennai / Madras. Tamil Nadu is known for its classical music, art, temples, literature and the Dravidian architecture.
Coming back to the cuisine, Tamil Nadu is known for both Vegetarian and Non-Vegetarian recipes. I am just covering the vegetarian part here. Rice being the staple of TN, it’s known for the idlys, dosas, pongals, idiyappams and of course for the full meals or as we say in Tamil – Sappadu. The full meals or sappadu cannot be complete without a sambar, a rasam, a dry curry or Poriyal, a gravy curry called kootu, buttermilk or curd/yoghurt , a pickle, a pappad or applam and of course a dessert. This is a very basic meal. You can add zillion other recipes to make it into a feast. Then there are variety rice like biryanis, lemon rice, tamarind rice and other different gravies.
Tamil Nadu cuisine has its own regional cuisine, (this is not the entire list)
- Chettinadu Cuisine
- Nanjil Nadu Cuisine (Nagarcoil, Kanyakumari Area)
- Kongu Cuisine
- Madurai and southern side cuisine
- And of course Chennai has its own flavor.
So why am I talking about Indian Cuisine and Tamil Nadu Cuisine? – Starting from tomorrow, I will be posting A to Z recipes of Tamil Nadu. It’s the “Journey through the Tamil Nadu Cuisine”. It’s April and Yes,I signed up for yet another blogging marathon (even after a difficult Jan BM) You will be receiving recipes from me every day this month. The talk about A-Z food challenge started in Jan and the blogging bug bit me again. I signed up right away. The theme was quite challenging. We should post A to Z recipes and we can pick any one cuisine or 4 cuisines for 4 weeks but the alphabet continuity should be maintained. My Amma pitched in at the right time and started helping me out. We started discussing recipes from all the cuisines and Amma was asking me to write down all Tamil Nadu recipes first before proceeding to any other cuisines. M joined in too and then finally I realized that I haven’t posted a lot of recipes from Tamil Nadu itself. There is a great saying, “katrathu kaialavu kallathathu ulagalavu” (What you have learnt is a mere handful, What you haven’t is like the world in its size) which means “Known is drop whereas unknown is an ocean”.
I had my list ready by February and when we visited our friends during long weekend I was discussing about this blogging marathon and she suggested and modified a couple of recipes and reminded me the recipes that I haven’t posted. I would like to thank JV for all her suggestions and encouraging me.
So you will be seeing A to Z recipes from Tamil Nadu and all these are day to day simple recipes. I will be explaining more about Tamil Nadu cuisine in the individual recipe posts. Hope you all enjoy this BM and hop on, let’s learn ABC via food. As this is A to Z challenge, I am joining in this challenge too. :-) | <urn:uuid:c040c8e6-8d0e-44c9-92f4-951e588edfb1> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.vidhyashomecooking.com/tamil-nadu-cuisine/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510149.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20230926043538-20230926073538-00592.warc.gz | en | 0.954291 | 959 | 2.71875 | 3 |
This day in History: May 24
On this day in 1883, the Brooklyn Bridge opened, connecting New York and Brooklyn for the first time.
The bridge took 14 years to build and 27 people died during the grueling construction.
The Brooklyn Bridge was the largest suspension bridge ever built at the time.
In 1961, 27 Freedom Riders were arrested in Jackson, Mississippi.
The group of civil rights activists were riding through the south to challenge segregation on public transit.
Many of the riders were sentenced to two months inside Mississippi’s worst prison.
In 1964, Senator Barry Goldwater, running for the Republican nomination in the upcoming election, suggested using atomic weapons in Vietnam.
Goldwater said doing so would level forests as well as destroy bridges and roads bringing supplies from China.
A storm of criticism followed and he backed off the comments.
In 1941 on this day, iconic singer-songwriter Bob Dylan was born.
In 1965 on this day, comedian John C. Reilly was born.
On this day in 1974, jazz musician Duke Ellington died. | <urn:uuid:45591034-d4e5-456f-b62a-bb4b189ee094> | CC-MAIN-2021-21 | https://www.mynbc5.com/article/this-day-in-history-may-24/27583078 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-21/segments/1620243991428.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20210514152803-20210514182803-00366.warc.gz | en | 0.974341 | 221 | 2.984375 | 3 |
Jane Austen's Southampton, 1807-1809
When Jane moved with her parents and Cassandra to Bath in 1801, she no doubt felt that it was going to be for a very long time. But in fact her father died early in 1805. It took about another year for Mrs Austen to decide to settle temporarily with her son Frank, by then a naval captain, who had rented lodgings in Southampton.
Frank had a pleasant young wife and by the time the full party finally arrived at Southampton, early in 1807, the first of Frank and Mary's 11 children were on the way. They were joined by Martha Lloyd, who had lived with the Austen women since her mother's death nearly two years earlier. The lodgings were expensive and they soon all moved into a "commodious old-fashioned" house in Castle Square, Southampton, which was rented from the Marquess of Lansdowne.
The Austens' house had a garden that hugged the old city walls of Southampton, which the river reached at high tide, with steps giving the family access to the promenade along the top of the walls, and the view they had from the house must have been a delightful one, westwards across Southampton Water. The house is thought to have been sited where the 'Bosun's Locker' now stands.
The medieval town that Jane knew was, according to the diarist Mrs Powys, "one of the most neat and pleasant towns I ever saw ... once walled round, many large stones of which are now remaining. There were four gates, only three now ... one long fine street of a quarter mile in length ... At the extremity a capital building was erected with two detached wings, and colonnades. The centre was an elegant tavern, with assembly, card room, etc., and at each wing hotels to accommodate the nobility and gentry. The tavern is taken down, but the wings converted into genteel houses" (Mitton 1917).
The Austens made family excursions by boat on the River Itchen to see warships being built at Northam and the Gothic ruins of Netley Abbey. Jane continued her long walks when she was in Southampton through the lovely countryside surrounding the town, beside Southampton Water and along the banks of the Itchen and Test rivers.
Busy place though it was, Jane certainly did not view Southampton in the harsh light of London and Bath, or she would not have made her Emma Woodhouse say with such fervour of Southend (as she might too have said of Southampton) "Come, come ... I must beg you not to talk of the sea. It makes me envious and miserable; I who have never seen it!" (Emma).
Jane and Cassandra attended dances in Southampton, including some in the upstairs rooms of the Dolphin Hotel, which is still open today. But their social life was less exciting because their mother was left comparatively poor after her husband's death. | <urn:uuid:0210eb8b-0e60-4080-935a-edb856a11f14> | CC-MAIN-2014-10 | http://www3.hants.gov.uk/austen/deane-parsonage/austen-southampton.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-10/segments/1394678693350/warc/CC-MAIN-20140313024453-00014-ip-10-183-142-35.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.987874 | 608 | 2.578125 | 3 |
On May 26, 1884, William Joseph Peele asked a group Raleigh's leading citizens to meet him. At this meeting the Watauga Club was born. Membership consisted of local leaders who had not served in the Civil War. This was a dramatic step, because Civil War veterans dominated state politics at the time. The Watauga group established itself to discuss and propose new ideas to answer North Carolina's problems. One topic of discussion was the state's education system. Club members argued that farmers did not have a place to learn the latest farming techniques and economics. They saw a need for a new college devoted to agricultural studies. This meeting paved the way for the building of North Carolina State University. | <urn:uuid:670a5ee4-39f0-4f26-843f-94554e2b794b> | CC-MAIN-2020-29 | http://digital.lib.ecu.edu/ncpi/search?keywords=author%3APoe%2C%20Charles%20Aycock | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593657149819.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20200714083206-20200714113206-00147.warc.gz | en | 0.970483 | 139 | 2.9375 | 3 |
“Top priorities [for a new U.S. president] are nearly always domestic—economic growth, how to adequately provide social services and education, and how to balance the budget. When it comes to foreign affairs, the United States government tends to focus first on countries that threaten U.S. interests, or countries that play an active role in countering those threats.”
—U.S.-India Security Cooperation, Center for Strategic and International Studies Report, 2016
The above statement provides a helpful framework to understand the type of policy issues that will be prioritized in the next administration’s agenda. Regardless of who wins the upcoming presidential election, the new U.S. president will first focus on questions related to the domestic economy. And when an economy is as globally integrated as the United States, even seemingly domestic issues end up having significant global ripple effects.
Domestic Issues that will Impact South Asia
A critical domestic issue that will have direct repercussions for South Asia is the next administration’s immigration policy. Indians are the second-largest immigrant group in the United States while America is the fifth-most popular destination for Pakistani emigrants. Apart from contributing to the U.S. economy, these immigrants send back substantial personal remittances to their country of origin. For example, remittances from the United States to India were at $11.5 billion in 2015 alone. These flows are important because personal remittances are a major source of foreign exchange for all South Asian economies. A graph of personal remittances as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), based on World Bank data, gives an indication of the importance of remittances to South Asia when compared to, for example, the BRICS nations.
Personal remittances as % of GDP (1975-2015). Source: World Bank
Thus, all of South Asia would be rooting for an immigration-friendly policy from the next U.S. president. But given how the “American jobs for American people” rhetoric has been played up in the run up to the elections, an air of uncertainty is palpable. Republican Party candidate Donald Trump has repeatedly spoken about a tough immigration policy by calling for a hike in the minimum wage paid to H1B visa holders. On the other hand, Hillary Clinton intends to pass a comprehensive immigration reform that creates “a path to citizenship” for qualifying immigrants. Given its importance, what the eventual winning candidate does on immigration will thus be tracked keenly in South Asia.
Foreign Affairs Issues Concerning South Asia
Perhaps the first South Asia-related foreign affairs issue under consideration by the new administration would be the way forward in Afghanistan. Even though the Obama administration eventually decided to retain troops in Afghanistan, questions over continued American presence in the war-torn country will remain on the table once the new president takes office.
It is important to note here that Afghanistan’s elite remain favorably inclined towards the United States, and would like the next administration to continue maintaining American military presence until secure conditions are restored in Afghanistan. Afghans also remain positively inclined towards India and see hope in the India-US-Afghanistan trilateral which has, for the first time, brought these two powerful regional actors on the same side in Afghanistan. Converting the trilateral into a multilateral platform for all players invested in establishing peace in Afghanistan (including Iran, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan and Russia) can differentiate this trilateral from similar initiatives that have failed to deliver in the past. Because cooperation with Russia in Afghanistan would be a difficult proposition domestically for the United States, India can play a bridging role.
The second foreign affairs issue that the next administration will face is the not-so-unfamiliar Pakistan conundrum—how to react to a rent-seeking nuclear-armed state that continues to make the distinction between “good” and “bad” terrorists. Perhaps, this policy dilemma was best explicated by Robert Blackwill, former U.S. ambassador to India who stated:
“Every time a new administration in Washington comes to office, they get worried about Pakistan, which has a stockpile of nuclear weapons. The US Secretary of State then visits Pakistan and meets the top leadership. He is systematically lied to by Pakistan’s leadership, and this goes on for about two years. In the third year, he tells his colleagues at the (US) State Department that Pakistan’s leaders have been lying to him. Then they think about how to deal with the situation, and the elections come in and a new administration takes charge. The same thing is (then) repeated.”
Coming out of this vicious cycle will be a key success indicator for the next administration. Concerned with Pakistan’s role in supporting extremist groups in Afghanistan, such as the Haqqani Network, Washington has reduced economic aid and military reimbursements to Islamabad over the last five years. However, the United States still remains Pakistan’s biggest export market, and the policy of distinguishing between economic and security aid to Pakistan continues, ignoring the fact that cash is fungible. Money allotted as economic assistance creates fiscal space for the military to invest on weapons and jihadi assets. The key question the next administration will then confront, just like the Bush and Obama administrations, is the following: is the military—jihadi complex in Pakistan itself a part of the larger problem, or is Pakistan simply too important of a stakeholder to lose?
Managing China’s growing power is perhaps the biggest foreign policy concern in Washington today. The next administration is likely to secure stronger security partnerships with Japan, Australia, India, and other Indo-Pacific nations that have concerns over China’s role in Asia and the world. These security partnerships will provide a tremendous opportunity for countries like India to increase their own power projection capabilities. How the next administration follows the Obama administration’s pivot to Asia will be keenly observed in the Indian subcontinent.
With all of these factors and more on the table, the next president’s South Asia policy will have far reaching consequences not just for South Asia, but also for the rest of the world.
Editor’s note: As the United States goes to the polls next week to elect a new leader, South Asian Voices contributors Hamzah Rifaat Hussain, Pranay Kotasthane, Sana Ali, and Monish Tourangbam analyze what the next U.S. president’s policy priorities should be in South Asia, why the region is critical to American interests, and what implications U.S. policies can have for stability in the region. Read the entire series here.
Image: US Capitol, Flickr | <urn:uuid:e0758d05-5c10-47e5-824f-a81f6ca716f7> | CC-MAIN-2019-04 | https://southasianvoices.org/south-asian-manifesto-next-u-s-president/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-04/segments/1547583659417.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20190117224929-20190118010929-00404.warc.gz | en | 0.937783 | 1,372 | 2.59375 | 3 |
What is social emotional development in early childhood?
Herein, what is social development in early childhood?
Social development refers to the process by which a child learns to interact with others around them. As they develop and perceive their own individuality within their community, they also gain skills to communicate with other people and process their actions.
Secondly, what are some examples of emotional development? Examples of emotional understanding and self-regulation include:
- accurately identifying emotions in themselves and others;
- managing strong emotions such as excitement, anger, frustration and distress; and.
- being empathic and understanding others' perspectives.
In this regard, why is social emotional development important in early childhood?
Social-emotional skills help children to persist on challenging tasks, to effectively seek help when they need it and to be thoughtful in their actions. Importantly, social-emotional skills can be taught.
How do you promote social emotional development in early childhood?
Promoting Social-Emotional Development in Your Child
- Love your child and show your affection for them. Hug, cuddle, read, and talk with them throughout the day.
- Encourage your child to try new things.
- Give your child opportunities to play with other children their age.
- Show your feelings.
- Establish daily routines.
- Acknowledge your child's feelings. | <urn:uuid:d820bb59-0d2b-42fa-a4fb-a867d1da4cad> | CC-MAIN-2021-39 | https://findanyanswer.com/what-is-social-emotional-development-in-early-childhood | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780057796.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20210926022920-20210926052920-00202.warc.gz | en | 0.95635 | 280 | 4.03125 | 4 |
First, let’s go back in time to find out from where and when this breed was founded. Oh boy, we must go way back in time. Like to the times where romans tried to conquer the world. Yes, you heard that right! Rottweilers are considered as one of the oldest dog breeds to be in the history of mankind. When romans wanted to venture out into Europe by conquering and expanding their empire, they required powerful drover dogs to move and guard their livestock which was also their food supply. These canines were believed to be a type of Asian Mastiff dogs.
In 73AD, Romans came across an area in Southern Germany where they initiated colonies purely to take advantage of the soil and climate for agricultural/farming needs. They started building villas to reside in, and the roof of the villas were made out of red tiles. Many centuries after the Roman empire had fallen, this establishment flourished into a village for its famous Red Tiled roof villas. The name of Rottweil was born to represent this village. Rottweil means Red Tile in German. Town of Rottweil turned into a major marketplace for livestock and grain trade.
Now comes the best part of the story, since the market was booming with trade people required dogs to drive the cattle into town for trade and butchering. They also needed a way to safeguard their hard-earned money from thieves.
Tradesmen tied their filled purses with money around the dog’s neck for protection and butchers used these strong dogs for pulling their carts. Voila, the foundation for the Rottweiler breed was originated.
In the 1800’s, a new way of transportation was spreading around the world in the name of railroad. This became a major threat to the Rottweiler breed as they almost became extinct. In the late 1800’s (around 1882) at a dog show in Heilbronn, Germany, there was only one nondescript Rottweiler on exhibit. Wow, Only one for the show? But in 1901, the Rottweiler and Leonberger Club was founded and the very 1st Rottweiler breed standard was written.
Demand for Rottweilers skyrocketed during World War 1, since the breed served as a police dog due to its obedience and disciplinary traits. Rotties were also used as guard, rescue & messenger type dogs as well. After WW1 in 1921, the world famous Allgemeiner Deutscher Rottweiler Klub (A.D.R.K) was established.
Liked my History Story guys? It’s a-one-of-a-kind story that I love to hear every day. By looking at all the roles that this wonderful breed has played in throughout history, these Hardworking Majestic dogs has changed so little in form and temper since the breed standards were written a century ago. | <urn:uuid:e68cda32-e76d-4b4f-ace5-7c6745e91bdc> | CC-MAIN-2021-43 | https://www.vomhausehamilton.com/history/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323585302.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20211020055136-20211020085136-00330.warc.gz | en | 0.98032 | 611 | 3.046875 | 3 |
It’s National Gumbo Day! Gumbo is a thick stew, with chicken, beef, or seafood. It is heavily seasoned with Cajun spices. And, it absolutely must contain Okra.
English 9H– Last day to research! Don’t forget about FW#7. Eventually you will need to have your 3 outside sources and your book on that annotated WC, but just 2 is fine for this week. Here is an excellent single page cheatsheet for MLA8 formatting.
English 9 SWS– 10 minutes to work on FW#7. How can you make that character even more interesting? Read in your groups. We will also keep notes as we go so we can remember what’s going on.
AP Lang– Today we will work with the sections titled Polaroids and Broccoli. Your task is to find examples of SIX of the vocabulary terms. Write the example and a brief explanation on an index card and place it in the pocket chart. You might not find an example of every one of the terms, but there are lots to find.
For Monday- “Coming to an Awareness of Language” by Malcolm X | <urn:uuid:10e878d2-2001-4a8d-8e57-4a7621114bcf> | CC-MAIN-2022-49 | https://ekmanspartans.com/2018/10/11/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446711121.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20221206225143-20221207015143-00337.warc.gz | en | 0.944302 | 242 | 3.359375 | 3 |
March 8, 2007
|PDF (49 KB)|
A growth model is a way for states that are already raising achievement and following the bright-line principles of the law to strengthen accountability.
Secretary Margaret Spellings, November 21, 2005
In November 2005, Secretary Spellings announced a pilot program in which States may propose a growth-based accountability model for use in meeting the goals of No Child Left Behind. As a pilot program, the Department can test the idea that growth models show promise as fair, reliable and innovative methods to measure student improvement and to hold schools accountable for academic achievement.
- Growth models give schools credit for student improvement over time by tracking individual student achievement from one year to the next.
- A pilot program gives the Department the ability to rigorously evaluate growth models and their alignment with NCLB, and to share results with other States.
- To date, the Department has approved four States—North Carolina, Tennessee, Delaware, and Arkansas—to participate in the pilot. A fifth State—Florida—may participate after its assessment system receives full approval.
The Department received additional State proposals for 2006-07 with the intent of approving no more than a total of 10 growth models in this pilot program. To help select additional models, the Department will use a peer review process.
- The purpose of a peer review is to help ensure that the States accepted into the growth model pilot have technically sound growth models, a high probability of success in incorporating measures of student growth into their school and district accountability systems, and a model consistent with the core principles of No Child Left Behind.
- A peer review will ensure that the selection process is transparent and fair for all participating States.
State Submissions: Approval Process
- Nine States submitted a growth model proposal for peer review. The nine States are: Alaska, Arizona, Hawaii, Iowa, Nevada, New Hampshire, Ohio, Pennsylvania and Utah.
- Department staff conducted an initial review to determine how each state was meeting the bright line principles of the No Child Left Behind Act and how each State’s model addressed the seven core principles laid out by the Secretary (such as ensuring all students are proficient by 2013-14 and having an assessment and data system that tracks individual student progress).
- After the initial review, the Department contacted each State to ask clarifying questions. In response, States submitted revised proposals.
- Based on this information and an analysis of how each state was meeting the bright line principles of the No Child Left Behind Act, the Secretary has sent the following eight proposals to the peers for their review and consideration: Alaska, Arizona, Hawaii, Iowa, Nevada, New Hampshire, Ohio and Pennsylvania. These proposals, additional information, and the Department letters to these states may be found at: http://www.ed.gov/admins/lead/account/growthmodel/index.html
- Peers will examine each state's proposal using Peer Review Guidance which can be found on the Department's website at: http://www.ed.gov/policy/elsec/guid/growthmodelguidance.doc
- The Secretary will decide which states to approve for the growth model pilot.
An essential tool in selecting the growth model states is a panel of nationally recognized experts to review and make recommendations on states' growth model proposals. The experts invited to participate represent a wide range of perspectives from academia to the private sector to state and local organizations.
They include: Dr. Anthony Bryk, Stanford University; Dr. Robert Mendro, Dallas Independent School District; Dr. Harold Doran, American Institutes for Research; Dr. Jeff Nellhaus, Massachusetts Department of Education; Dr. Chrys Dougherty, National Center for Educational Accountability; Dr. Ann O’Connell, University of Connecticut; Dr. Lou Fabrizio, North Carolina Department of Public Instruction; Dianne Piché, Citizens Commission on Civil Rights; Dr. Tom Fisher, Independent Consultant; Dr. Sandy Sanford, Riverside County Office of Education; Dr. Pete Goldschmidt, University of California at Los Angeles; Dr. Chris Schatschneider, Florida State University; Sharon Lewis, Council of Great City Schools (retired); William Taylor, Citizens Commission on Civil Rights; Dr. Margaret McLaughlin, University of Maryland; Dr. Martha Thurlow, University of Minnesota (Note: This list is updated from the original announcement of the peers.)
The Department will rigorously monitor and evaluate states that receive approval under the pilot this year. | <urn:uuid:ab8d2c84-cd84-4c4f-834b-582c465cd08c> | CC-MAIN-2017-22 | https://www2.ed.gov/admins/lead/account/growthmodel/peer-review07.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-22/segments/1495463609605.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20170528062748-20170528082748-00307.warc.gz | en | 0.91338 | 920 | 3.109375 | 3 |
When a character cannot be represented in the character set into which it is being converted, a substitution character is used instead. Conversions of this type are considered lossy; the original character is lost if it cannot be represented in the destination character set.
Also, not only may different character sets have a different substitution character, but the substitution character for one character set can be a non-substitution character in another character set. This is important to understand when multiple conversions are performed on a character because the final character may not appear as the expected substitution character of the destination character set.
For example, suppose that the client character set is Windows-1252, and the database character set is ISO_8859-1:1987, the U.S. default for some versions of Unix. Then, suppose a non-Unicode client application (for example, embedded SQL) attempts to insert the euro symbol into a CHAR, VARCHAR, or LONG VARCHAR column. Since the character does not exist in the CHAR character set, the substitution character for ISO_8859-1:1987, 0x1A, is inserted.
Now, if this same ISO_8859-1:1987 substitution character is then fetched as Unicode (for example, by doing a
SELECT * FROM t into a SQL_C_WCHAR bound column in ODBC), this character becomes the Unicode code point U+001A. (In Unicode the code point
U+001A is the record separator control character.) However, the substitution character for Unicode is the code point U+FFFD.
This example illustrates that even if your data contains substitution characters, those characters, due to multiple conversions,
may not be converted to the substitution character of the destination character set.
Therefore, it is important to understand and test how substitution characters are used when converting between multiple character sets.
The on_charset_conversion_failure option can help determine the behavior during conversion when a character cannot be represented in the destination character set.
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|Copyright © 2012, iAnywhere Solutions, Inc. - SQL Anywhere 12.0.1| | <urn:uuid:b7405c64-d729-48d3-b567-81818ab8b156> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://dcx.sap.com/1201/fr/dbreference/datatypes-s-3801111.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500151.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20230204173912-20230204203912-00845.warc.gz | en | 0.881046 | 462 | 3.234375 | 3 |
Manuscript Preparation, Copyediting, and Proofreading
Q. We are editing a scientific book. We have to follow UK spelling. Per the dictionary, sulfur is the US spelling and sulphur is the UK spelling. But in one chapter the author has used sulfur and in another chapter sulphur. Since we are following UK spelling, can we change sulfur to sulphur? Or, per CMOS, since the IUPAC recommended spelling is sulfur irrespective of UK or US spelling, can we change sulphur to sulfur?
A. Good grief. You can’t lose—just pick one. | <urn:uuid:6b3de8d3-6965-4445-9254-fbfc4804a98d> | CC-MAIN-2020-29 | https://www.cmos-qa.uchicago.edu/qanda/data/faq/topics/ManuscriptPreparation/faq0052.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593655898347.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20200709034306-20200709064306-00281.warc.gz | en | 0.887104 | 124 | 2.65625 | 3 |
The concept of affordances is a slippery one. Although it seems simple enough on the surface, when you begin digging a little deeper, things become confusing. Hence this series of posts. In part one, I explore what the concept of affordance means, and identify my suggestions as to the affordances of a personal learning network. In part two, I will present some suggestions of what may be some of the affordances of a PLN, based upon the research in part one. I hope you find this interesting and useful!
There is a great deal of ambiguity and confusion over the term affordance, and how it is used. This is evident in that even in the research papers I read, there were noticeable contradictions. A lot (but not all) of this ambiguity comes from the fact that the notion of affordance has two different, yet overlapping definitions, developed from two different points of view.
Gibson initiated the popular use of the term affordance in 1977. He was a perceptual psychologist, and his purpose in understanding affordances was so that we could better understand how we perceive the environment in which we find ourselves.
In 1988, Norman took Gibson’s work and altered it to meet his somewhat different needs. Norman is an expert in the fields of design, user experience and cognitive science. He was interested in explaining how we might improve design, so that utility, or how an object might be used, might be more easily seen.
It is this difference in fundamental approach which has led to the overlapping and yet different interpretations of affordance, and this causes confusion. We still haven’t agreed on one single definition of affordance, and therefore people tend to make meaning from Gibson’s perspective, from Norman’s, or in many cases, from a mash up of the two.
There are fundamental differences though between the two understandings of affordance:
For Gibson, affordances exist whether or not they are perceived by the user – they exist independently, and therefore don’t change as the needs and goals of the user changes. Whereas for Norman, affordances may exist in actuality, but they may also exist only in the perception of the user – based on previous experience or knowledge. Therefore, while one person may see an iPad as a useful device for checking email and watching YouTube, another might see it as a stylish cutting board:
Gibson’s work was relational – affordances could only be understood in light of the relationship between the specific actor and the environment at that specific point in time. In this way, Gibson’s definition of affordance relates strongly with networked learning. Networked learning considers learning to be relational as learning cannot be limited or isolated to the individual’s own cognition or drawn purely from the social context and the interactions with it – it’s the interaction between the individuals own thinking and the connections in the network along with the learning context that determines the learning.
However, Norman’s focus upon design is also influential when thinking about how we learning within networks, particularly when viewed from a connectivist and connected learning perspective (both of which draw upon networked learning). Connected learners design and work within designed connected learning environments. In the connectivist approach to learning, learning is considered to be the active construction of connections and the construction and manipulation of networks, wherein knowledge exists – visualised by Siemens as a ‘series of pipes through which information flows’ (1995). For this construction and manipulation of networks to occur effectively, some thought must go into the design of the network – who or what constitutes a node in the network, and how strongly this node is tied. It seems that learning and design are inextricably linked, and therefore, it is important to consider what Norman shares about affordances and design.
I’d like, then, to make three main points which I believe are important to understanding affordances, drawn from the work of Gibson and Norman:
1. Affordances are about design
2. Affordances are about user experience
3. Affordances seen within a relationship (usually between a person and a thing, but potentially between an animal and their environment, or even two objects, such as a computer and software).
Drawing upon both Gibson (for the relational aspects) and Norman (for the focus on design and user experience) for understanding, I then turned to the work of Conole and Dyke (2004), boyd (2011) and Gogia (2016) to explore the affordances of a personal learning network (PLN). If affordances are present within the relationship between the actor and the environment, and we see the interaction of the person, resources and environment as how learning occurs, then an examination of the affordances of the network may provide useful insights into how it might shape particular actions. I draw this conclusion based on boyd’s statement that “networked publics’ affordances do not dictate particular behaviours, but they do configure the environment in a way that shapes particular engagements’ (2011, p.39).
Conole and Dyke (2004) focus on creating a taxonomy of the affordances of Information Communication Technologies (ICTs), while boyd (2011) defines the affordances of networked publics and Gogia (2016) outlines affordances of the Open Web. Many of the affordances identified in this research align with PLNs. I have grouped them below in Table 1, along with a suggestions for the affordances of a PLN, based upon this previous research.
The affordances of the PLN may exist only when the individual is learning within the context of the network. A PLN consists of individuals, groups of people, resources, information sources (nodes in the network) and the tools which enable the connections between these nodes to be made. An individual person, a specific tool such as Twitter, or an information source will certainly have affordances for learning, and some of these may overlap, however this combination of affordances is possible only when all parts of the PLN come together.
Part Two of this post will explain each of the affordances of the PLN, and describe how they link to, or are inspired by the affordances outlined in the previous research. | <urn:uuid:b4408da1-b484-4bc1-8e44-4e7dc357dbb8> | CC-MAIN-2020-45 | https://www.linkinglearning.com.au/understanding-affordances-part-one/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-45/segments/1603107893845.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20201027082056-20201027112056-00418.warc.gz | en | 0.961336 | 1,289 | 2.609375 | 3 |
So something I’ve noticed recently is that my classes have been going really smoothly. Actually, every class now I have nearly no classroom management problems and every students is engaged for nearly the entire class on their work. I don’t think I’m doing anything tricky, I’m just doing what the students want to do.
Imagine this box represents all of the possible learning activities you could do in a classroom.
Now imagine that you draw a circle inside the box to represent all of the activities your students want to do. Note: Diagram not to scale.
Now we draw a circle which represents the portion of the possible educational activities you want to do and which are relevant for the topic area you are facilitating or teaching.
All you do is choose a learning activity for class which occurs in the intersection of the two circles shown in red. In my experience this includes any activity in which all of the following three criterion is met:
- The students get to create something or interact with the material more deeply.
- The students see the point of the activity.
- The students are engaged at a higher level on the pyramid of learning.
Some examples of activities which qualify include, but are not limited to:
- Students tutoring each other
- Creating video tutorials or podcast tutorials
- Projects based on the real world applications of what you are teaching
- Student led interviews with professionals in the field
- Student generated quizzes, worksheets, tests, etc…
- and more….
What I’ve also noticed over time is that the intersection gets a bit larger as the students see a trend: they are doing fun, relevant and engaging activities all the time. They will tend to more willing to do other activities because they spend most of the time in your class engaged, so they will jump in and focus on activities which they may have otherwise enjoyed less in a non-interactive class. | <urn:uuid:ad62a9da-01d1-4f0a-9bcd-35b073117e35> | CC-MAIN-2022-27 | https://davidwees.com/content/do-what-your-students-want-do/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656104585887.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220705144321-20220705174321-00411.warc.gz | en | 0.96339 | 396 | 2.546875 | 3 |
A couple of weeks back, advisor for AI to the CIT Ministry Sally Radwan gave us the rundown on the government’s artificial intelligence (AI) strategy. AI is expected to contribute 7.7% to Egypt’s GDP by 2030 — meaning we had all better get to grips with just exactly what it is. AI could be explaining itself one day soonish — but in the meantime, here’s our (mostly) human-made explainer to help you buff up.
So what is AI? Put simply, AI is getting computers to act like humans in terms of problem-solving and decision-making. With the use of large datasets and computer programs, AI machines are made to mimic the intelligence and actions of human beings.
AI is used for a number of everyday activities. This includes speech recognition (like Siri and Alexa); customer service (think how many social media company pages use AI bots to handle their incoming customer requests); computer vision (as with image searching on Google); recommendations (like how Netflix and Spotify give you customized recs based on your prior activity); and automated stock trading (AI-driven trading platforms that can process thousands of trades a day without human intervention). On a more advanced level, AI is also used to steer driverless cars.
There are two types of AI: strong and weak. Don’t be fooled: weak AI is not necessarily the less powerful of the two, but rather refers to AI systems that are programmed only to fulfill specific tasks, like Siri or Alexa. Also called narrow AI, the tech is a set of advanced methods to analyze data and use it to extract patterns to predict and optimize certain values in a more sophisticated way than traditional data analysis tools can, Radwan told us last week. Strong AI, meanwhile, refers to the concept of AI systems that have an intelligence equal to humans — which don’t yet exist. Strong AI would boast a self-aware consciousness with the ability to solve problems, learn, and plan for the future, IBM writes.
SOUND SMART- Egypt’s national AI strategy focuses on weak or narrow AI, Radwan said. A key focus of the government’s efforts in narrow AI is final human determination (FHD), which means the human is always in control. Check out how the strategy has been applied for different sectors in our talk with Radwan here.
Same, same, but different: AI vs machine learning. Machine learning (ML) is a subset of AI, where machines learn from their past interactions and input data to create new things or make different decisions. For instance, the Google document on which this article was written makes suggestions as to what the next word or phrase could be while we type. Since we’ve been using Google docs on a company-wide level for a very long time, word suggestions are now more specific. If we write the first name of one of our team members, the document suggests their second name automatically. That is machine learning.
And deep learning is a subset of machine learning — its evolution, so to speak. It allows machines to deduce a course of action based on previous examples of similar situations. Unlike machine learning, deep learning systems are built like the human brain, using interconnected neural networks that influence each other. Deep learning machines don't need human intervention to tell them what to do with the massive amounts of data that are fed into them. They learn via previous experience. One practical application for deep learning is in translation services — machines can decipher what dialect is being spoken, for example.
There are of course concerns when it comes to AI, some of which are easily debunked. Fear #1: The singularity. One of the main fears of strong AI is the machines-overtake-humanity apocalypse scenario, as seen in countless movies and series. While this is just the stuff of fantasy for now, some AI researchers say there’s a 50% chance that machines could outsmart humans in the next 45 years. If things ever reach that stage, there’s really not much we can do except sit back and hope the robots decide to be kind. But freaking out now “is like being worried about overpopulation on Mars before we even have gotten a person on Mars,” one AI expert tells NBC.
Fear #2: Privacy. AI-driven consumer products “are frequently equipped with sensors that generate and collect vast amounts of data without the knowledge or consent of those in their proximity,” Privacy International writes. That’s a problem in itself, but it gets worse: AI could be used to de-anonymize this data, tracking specific human beings across devices and in both public and private spaces. There’s also the possibility that our data could be used against us, as AI algorithms inadvertently perpetuate existing discrimination and biases in society. That is why “the development, use, research, and development of AI must be subject to the minimum requirement of respecting, promoting, and protecting international human rights standards,” Privacy International writes.
Fear #3: Employment. We’ve all heard it before: Machines are coming for our jobs. However, Radwan told us last week that AI’s contribution to the labor market is actually positive, as it tends to create more jobs than it makes obsolete. But the rise of AI will result in job displacement, which means that different kinds of jobs will be created. For that, governments need to work on upskilling the population as a whole.
Fear #4: Ethical concerns. So, let’s say an AI machine evolves and becomes sentient, with all the emotions, desires, and existential angst we associate with human consciousness. Do we treat it as we would an average machine? Or has it become something more — something that demands certain rights? This debate has been raging since well before strong AI was even in the realm of possibility, with some insisting it should get the same ethical treatment as humans once it emerges — including protection from exploitation and suffering. | <urn:uuid:57a5100d-1880-482b-82b8-768e84d8e7f2> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://whatsnext.enterprise.press/archive/enterprise-explains-artificial... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500357.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20230206181343-20230206211343-00341.warc.gz | en | 0.951473 | 1,234 | 2.828125 | 3 |
It is commonly accepted that people disagree with one another. In this article, my colleagues and I present results that suggest people may disagree with themselves. Using eight decision-making contexts ranging in familiarity, complexity, and risk, we show that a nationally representative sample (n = 1874) of respondents made choices that were inconsistent across two complimentary methods of eliciting preferences. We show that on average individuals demonstrate higher levels of internal consistency, or alignment between their choices and their stated values and concerns, when decisions are ‘easy’, or simple, familiar, and have little risk. However, this consistency declines when people are confronted with difficult choices involving unfamiliar, complex contexts involving high risk. Moreover, providing additional and salient contextual information about alternatives, such as brand names, model information, or the specific components of a risk mitigation strategy, results in significantly lower levels of consistency when compared to situations where this information is withheld. This finding suggests that people rely on simplifying heuristics when making easy decisions; however, this kind of information is less influential when choices are difficult. Importantly, we show that higher levels of education also have a significant and positive association with the consistency of people’s choices. | <urn:uuid:83661681-3d84-45c4-b2db-fd1a805a7606> | CC-MAIN-2020-05 | https://dougbessette.com/2019/02/14/do-people-disagree-with-themselves/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250616186.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20200124070934-20200124095934-00105.warc.gz | en | 0.960456 | 242 | 2.75 | 3 |
Flat terrains are characterized by the absence of major topographic features. Flat topography is typically encountered in areas that have experienced minimal past or present tectonic activity, but may also be present as relatively flat valley floors in caldera depressions and rift zones.
Want to add an example to this list? Select a Geothermal Resource Area to edit its "Topographic Features" property using the "Edit with Form" button.CSV
|North Brawley Geothermal Area||Gulf of California Rift Zone||Strike-Slip||Arkosic and quartz dominated sandstones||50 MW50,000 kW
|539.15 K266 °C | <urn:uuid:5f40c35f-0bbb-4834-bdc2-729c49032ef8> | CC-MAIN-2017-09 | http://en.openei.org/wiki/Flat | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-09/segments/1487501170992.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20170219104610-00385-ip-10-171-10-108.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.767369 | 138 | 2.8125 | 3 |
Gillian’s question, When and why to use the verb AGIR in French, is a great opportunity to boost your French vocabulary and reflect on grammar, as this verb is used in different sentence structures.
Vocabulary and Spelling of the French Words mentioned in this episode
Agir = to act, to take action
We need to act! Il faut / on doit agir!
Une action = an act
Des agissements (mplur) = schemes, doings, machinations.
Agir = to act, to behave
Tu as bien/mal agi en lui disant cela
agir sur [qch] = to have an effect on [sth]
Les effets de la morphine n’agissent plus sur elle.
s’agir de [qch] = to be a question of [sth] , be a matter of [sth], concerning… (+ topic)
Il s’agit d’un film sur la seconde guerre mondiale.
Il s’agit d’une question de vie ou de mort.
s’agir de faire [qch] = to come to doing [sth] , as far as [sth] is concerned
Mon fils est très fort lorsqu’il s’agit de faire des bêtises. = My son’s an expert when it comes to doing stupid things.
s’agir = must, be necessary
Il s’agit de bien se tenir = We must behave.
Il ne s’agit pas que tu rates l’avion. = You mustn’t miss your flight. / There is no question of you missing your flight.
Thank You for Tuning In!
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Lastly, don’t forget to subscribe to the podcast on iTunes, to get automatic updates every time a new episode goes live! | <urn:uuid:a7d333e2-ebb5-45ed-bf00-338c597a8c5c> | CC-MAIN-2018-51 | http://frenchyourway.com.au/podcast197 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-51/segments/1544376824115.18/warc/CC-MAIN-20181212181507-20181212203007-00028.warc.gz | en | 0.774569 | 536 | 2.859375 | 3 |
- Archaic spelling of ache.
- ... for let our finger ake, / And it endues our other heathfull members — Othello (Quarto 1), Shakespeare, 1622
1909, Henry C. Shelley, Inns and Taverns of Old London, text edition, The Gutenberg Project, published 2004:
- instead he went with the rogues to supper in an arbour, though it made his heart "ake" to listen to their mad talk.
2015, LT Wolf, The World King, fiction, ISBN 978-1-312-37454-6:
- The ake of months of a growing firenlust became a rising queem til at last there was the burst of loosing that almost made his knees buckle.
ake (not comparable)
- Romanization of 𐌰𐌺𐌴
From Proto-Polynesian *qate, from Proto-Oceanic *qate, from Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *qatay, from Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *qatay, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qatay, from Proto-Austronesian *qaCay.
- rōmaji reading of
- his/her/its (third-person singular possessive adjective)
- their (third-person plural inanimate possessive adjective) | <urn:uuid:5a21b199-64ed-479b-9b92-a022cbf46649> | CC-MAIN-2015-40 | https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ake | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-40/segments/1443736675795.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20151001215755-00155-ip-10-137-6-227.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.732579 | 303 | 2.6875 | 3 |
Definitions of amygdaloid
n. - A variety of trap or basaltic rock, containing small cavities, occupied, wholly or in part, by nodules or geodes of different minerals, esp. agates, quartz, calcite, and the zeolites. When the imbedded minerals are detached or removed by decomposition, it is porous, like lava. 2
a. - Alt. of Amygdaloidal 2
The word "amygdaloid" uses 10 letters: A A D D G I L M O Y.
No direct anagrams for amygdaloid found in this word list.
Words formed by adding one letter before or after amygdaloid (in bold), or to aaddgilmoy in any order:
s - amygdaloids
All words formed from amygdaloid by changing one letter
Browse words starting with amygdaloid by next letter | <urn:uuid:c54e54a2-4afc-4a28-b91d-39b5b7cf92aa> | CC-MAIN-2016-30 | http://www.morewords.com/word/amygdaloid/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-30/segments/1469258948913.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20160723072908-00107-ip-10-185-27-174.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.836156 | 196 | 2.640625 | 3 |
- Medicine Information and Evidence for Policy > Information and Publications
- Medicine Access and Rational Use > Rational Use
(2005; 165 pages)
11.5.3 How to use copyrighted material
New bulletins often use other bulletins’ articles, in which case they need to obtain permission. (See also Chapter 7 on using existing materials). Make sure that you are asking permission from the person or organization that has the copyright. In most cases bulletins will find that other publishers are generous in granting permission for articles to be copied provided that the source is mentioned. Copyright also applies to tables, graphs and illustrations, such as photographs and cartoons. If a bulletin wants to copy an illustration, they will need to get permission from the copyright holder. | <urn:uuid:76c02833-6868-4a2d-ae34-c64c51719348> | CC-MAIN-2017-30 | http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/en/d/Js8111e/16.5.3.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-30/segments/1500549426133.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20170726102230-20170726122230-00298.warc.gz | en | 0.909938 | 151 | 2.765625 | 3 |
After the Confederate attack on Fort Sumter, Lincoln took measures aimed at a military response including calling forth militia, blockading Confederate ports, and adding to the Army and Navy. Lincoln also authorized the suspension of habeas corpus in Maryland along train lines connecting Washington to Philadelphia. In Ex parte Merryman (1861), Chief Justice Roger Taney ruled in a circuit court that Lincoln lacked the power to suspend habeas corpus because the power could only be exercised by Congress. For Taney, the location of the Suspension Clause in Article One of the Constitution signified that the power was meant to be legislative not executive.
Lincoln called Congress into special session, and, in a special message, he reported his actions since the Sumter attack. In the passage below, Lincoln defends himself against Taney’s charge that he violated the Constitution. Lincoln makes two arguments, that the Constitution must have provided for occasions when Congress was out of session, and the president’s oath of office authorizes the president to violate one law in order to preserve all of the laws.
Source: Abraham Lincoln, Abraham Lincoln papers: Series 1. General Correspondence. – 1916: Abraham Lincoln, May-June 1861 Message to Congress, July 4, 1861, Second Printed Draft, with Changes in Lincoln’s Hand. May, 1861. Library of Congress, Manuscript Division, https://goo.gl/JFmNqx.
Fellow-citizens of the Senate and House of Representatives:
. . . It is thus seen that the assault upon, and reduction of, Fort Sumter, was, in no sense, a matter of self defense on the part of the assailants. They well knew that the garrison in the Fort could, by no possibility, commit aggression upon them. They knew – they were expressly notified – that the giving of bread to the few brave and hungry men of the garrison, was all which would on that occasion be attempted, unless themselves, by resisting so much, should provoke more. They knew that this desired to keep the garrison in the Fort, not to assail them, but merely to maintain visible possession, and thus to preserve the Union from actual, and immediate dissolution – trusting, as herein-before stated, to time, discussion, and the ballot-box, for final adjustment; and they assailed, and reduced the Fort, for precisely the reverse object – to drive out the visible authority of the Federal Union, and thus force it to immediate dissolution.
That this was their object, the Executive well understood; and having said to them in the inaugural address, “You can have no conflict without being yourselves the aggressors,” he took pains, not only to keep this declaration good, but also to keep the case so free from the power of ingenious sophistry, as that the world should not be able to misunderstand it. By the affair at Fort Sumter, with its surrounding circumstances, that point was reached. Then, and thereby, the assailants of the government, began the conflict of arms, without a gun in sight, or in expectancy, to return their fire, save only the few in the Fort, sent to the harbor, years before, for their own protection and still ready to give that protection, in whatever was lawful. In this act, discarding all else, they have forced upon the country, the distinct issue: “immediate dissolution, or blood.”
And this issue embraces more than the fate of these United States. It presents to the whole family of man, the question, whether a constitutional republic, or a democracy – a government of the people, by the same people – can, or cannot, maintain its territorial integrity, against its own domestic foes. It presents the question, whether discontented individuals, too few in numbers to control administration, according to organic law, in any case, can always, upon the pretense made in this case, or on any other pretenses, or arbitrarily, without any pretense, break up their government, and thus practically put an end to free government upon the earth. It forces us to ask: “Is there, in all republics, this inherent, and fatal weakness?” “Must a government, of necessity, be too strong for the liberties of its own people, or too weak to maintain its own existence?”
So viewing the issue, no choice was left but to call out the war power of the government; and so to resist force, employed for its destruction, by force, for its preservation. . . .
Soon after the first call for militia, it was considered a duty to authorize the Commanding General, in proper cases, according to his discretion, to suspend the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus; or, in other words, to arrest, and detain, without resort to the ordinary processes and forms of law, such individuals as he might deem dangerous to the public safety. This authority has purposely been exercised but very sparingly. Nevertheless, the legality and propriety of what has been done under it, are questioned; and the attention of the country has been called to the proposition that one who is sworn to “take care that the laws be faithfully executed,” should not himself violate them. Of course, some consideration was given to the questions of power, and propriety, before this matter was acted upon. The whole of the laws which required to be faithfully executed, were being resisted, and failing of execution, in nearly one-third of the States. Must they be allowed to finally fail of execution, even had it been perfectly clear, that by the use of the means necessary to their execution, some single law, made in such extreme tenderness of the citizen’s liberty, that practically, it relieves more of the guilty, than of the innocent, should, to a very limited extent, be violated? To state the question more directly, are all the laws, but one, to go unexecuted, and the government itself go to pieces, lest that one be violated? Even in such a case, would not the official oath be broken, if the government should be overthrown, when it was believed that disregarding the single law, would tend to preserve it? But it was not believed that this question was presented. It was not believed that any law was violated. The provision of the Constitution that “The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus, shall not be suspended unless when, in cases of rebellion or invasion, the public safety may require it,” is equivalent to a provision – is a provision – that such privilege may be suspended when, in cases of rebellion, or in invasion, the public safety does require it. It was decided that we have a case of rebellion, and that the public safety does require a qualified suspension of the privilege of the writ which was authorized to be made. Now it is insisted that Congress, and not the Executive, is vested with this power. But the Constitution itself, is silent as to which, or who, is to exercise the power; and as the provision was plainly made for a dangerous emergency, it cannot be believed the framers of the instrument intended, that in every case, the danger should run its course, until Congress could be called together; the very assembling of which might be prevented, as was intended in this case, by the rebellion.
No more extended argument is now offered; as an option, at some length will probably be presented by the Attorney General. Whether there shall be any legislation upon the subject, and if any, what, is submitted entirely to the better judgement of Congress. . . .
- 1. See Lincoln's First Inaugural. | <urn:uuid:d74b8bd2-8f51-457b-8251-2ba2cdf925cc> | CC-MAIN-2022-21 | https://teachingamericanhistory.org/document/message-to-congress-in-special-session/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662562410.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220524014636-20220524044636-00442.warc.gz | en | 0.971224 | 1,580 | 3.4375 | 3 |
By 1966, NASA had made sending astronauts to space seem somewhat routine having launched several Gemini missions the year before. They would continue to launch missions in service of Project Gemini throughout 1966 as they began to conduct unnamed testing of Apollo hardware.
On February 26, 1966, a Saturn IB carried a block 1 Command/Service Module (CSM) for AS-201, the first flight of the Apollo spacecraft. The launch carried the CSM to an altitude of 492.1 kilometers (265.7 miles) before returning to Earth safely. An additional two unmanned missions (AS-202 and AS-203) were carried out over the next few months. Although AS-202 had suffered delays due to CSM production delays, all three missions were conducted without incident. With the completion of the third test, NASA was given the go-ahead to launch the first crewed mission, Apollo 1.
Director of Flight Crew Operations Deke Slayton selected Gus Grissom, Ed White and Donn F. Eisele for the maiden crewed flight of the Apollo porgramme. However, during weightlessness training aboard a KC-135 aircraft, Eisele dislocated his shoulder twice and required surgery to repair the damage. His spot aboard Apollo 1 would be taken by Roger B. Chaffee, a 31-year-old naval aviator, and aeronautical engineer.
In preparation for the launch, the crew began training with the spacecraft at North American Aviation. On January 27, 1967, the three men were sealed inside the spacecraft for a “plugs-out” test. The test would simulate the spacecraft being switched from pad-supplied power to internal power. The testing was plagued with mishaps from the start with communications issues only serving to make matters worse. At around 18:31 EST, the crew reported two jolts that were outside what was expected from wind, engine gimballing or equipment input. Seconds later shouts of “Fire” began to ring out followed quickly by an explosion. An electrical fire had ignited in the cabin and spread quickly in the oxygen-rich atmosphere.
As the fire spread through the cabin, it burned around the spacecraft’s hatch openings hampering efforts by rescue teams. It would be another six minutes before rescue personnel managed to extinguish the fire and force the hatch down into the spacecraft. The heat and smoke would hamper rescuers efforts for several more minutes by which time Grissom, White and Chaffee had all succumbed to asphyxiation.
Immediately after the incident, NASA convened a review board to ascertain what had caused the fire. The review board was made up of representatives from NASA, the Air Force, and North America Aviation. It was also overseen by both the House of Representatives and the Senate.
Following their investigation, the review board determined that various safety procedures had either not been implemented or had not been properly implemented. Additionally, it found that the vehicle itself had no way of detecting a fire in the cabin. The pure oxygen mix utilised in the cabin was also identified as a major safety risk and one of the primary contributors to the ultimate death of the crew. On the recommendations of the review board, NASA overhauled their safety procedures and discontinued the Block 1 spacecraft. The Block II spacecraft and spacesuit designs were also revised to remove all flammable material and fit fire detection equipment. Finally, the agency shifted from a pure oxygen mix in the cabin to a nitrogen/oxygen mix.
The Apollo 1 fire was a crushing blow to the programme and the impact of the loss of the crew was unimaginable. Although the crew of Apollo 1 are but a footnote in the story of the American moon missions, on this, the 49th anniversary of the Apollo 11 moon landing, we remember the three men that gave their lives so that others would not have to. | <urn:uuid:110030e8-1300-4e1b-a095-1ec6b772abc8> | CC-MAIN-2022-40 | https://rocketrundown.com/the-apollo-11-story-part-3-apollo-1-tragedy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-40/segments/1664030334620.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220925225000-20220926015000-00725.warc.gz | en | 0.975052 | 783 | 3.671875 | 4 |
Renewables have faced many challenges in their quest to penetrate mainstream energy markets. High costs and the whims of nature have always been the foremost among them. As renewable energy grows, add oversupply to the list.
The surge of renewable power in recent decades has created the added problem of too much electricity from wind and solar coming onto the grid. Experts and investors have frowned on building too much capacity that creates a need to cut back or curtail renewable energy production when there is excess generation.
A new study published in the journal Solar Energy turns this logic on its head. “Overbuilding and curtailment: the cost-effective enablers of firm PV generation” was published in March by researchers at Clean Power Research, the University at Albany and the Pace University Energy and Climate Center. They argue that, when done properly, curtailment and oversizing of generating capacity can help solar power reach its maximum potential.
Relying on mathematical models and incorporating data generated from a recent study of a utility-scale photovoltaic plant in Minnesota, the researchers conclude that over-building solar plants combined with what they describe as “proactive curtailment” will allow solar to perform like conventional power generating sources and at a competitive price.
The study also contradicts the conventional wisdom that solar can be effective only with a heavy investment in storage technology to bank power for use when the sun goes down. Instead, the researchers argue that overbuilding solar generation across a geographically dispersed area and managing it with proactive curtailment practices is a more cost-effective approach. Some storage will still be needed in the overall mix, along with a blending of wind power and natural gas, effective load balancing practices, and an improved grid.
The researchers also introduce the concept of “firm power,” which they define as power that can be dispatched to meet demand at any time with 100 percent reliability. Conventional fuel sources would be considered firm power, but solar power would not because it relies on the sun. However, the researchers argue that, with the balancing of oversupply and curtailment, solar can generate firm power at a competitive price.
While the study focused on data from the state of Minnesota, other states may be demonstrating the same results. Recently, the Los Angeles Times reported that California had reached two seemingly contradictory milestones at about the same time. The California ISO (CAISO) set an all-time instantaneous solar generation peak of 11,363 megawatts (MW) on June 1. CAISO also reported that, on May 27, solar plant operators shut off a record total of about 4,700 MW of capacity at the same time, which accounted for nearly 40 percent of the entire solar capacity installed on the California grid. | <urn:uuid:11a4e9e4-835f-40b9-a95a-3aa5a1d98944> | CC-MAIN-2019-47 | https://www.ecmag.com/section/green-building/maximizing-solar-building-more-and-generating-less | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-47/segments/1573496670597.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20191120162215-20191120190215-00040.warc.gz | en | 0.950124 | 553 | 3.15625 | 3 |
Does dirty air cool the climate?
Study adds a factor to climate-change debate.
Over the past several decades, industrial countries have made major strides in cleaning up pollutants roiling from smokestacks.Skip to next paragraph
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But some researchers now say this progress could have a troubling side effect - accelerating the pace of global warming.
The reason: Tiny pollutant particles, once airborne, can reflect sunlight back into space, easing temperatures in what is known as aerosol cooling. By cleaning up industrial pollution, countries are reducing the effect of this cooling.
Nobody is recommending that nations halt efforts to curb pollution.
Still, when this factor is taken into account, global warming could outpace the level now forecast by climatologists, a team of European climate scientists reports in Thursday's edition of the journal Nature. Already, climate estimates sponsored by the United Nations foresee average temperatures rising by about 10 degrees Fahrenheit by 2100.
The study doesn't represent a formal forecast, but the team says it highlights the importance of pinning down the impact of twin changes in the atmosphere: As aerosol pollutants play an increasingly small role in affecting temperatures, the effect of changes in greenhouse-gas levels will play an even more significant role.
"Scientists must pay more attention to this issue as they do more complex modeling, and the public needs to be aware of the implications," says Meinrat Andreae, who led the research.
The team made calculations based on a simplified set of equations describing how the climate system works. Indeed, other researchers liken the effort to a somewhat sophisticated back-of-the-envelope calculation scientists often perform to see if a phenomenon is worth a second look.
The results, published a week before the G-8 summit in Scotland, are likely to add urgency to British Prime Minister Tony Blair's efforts to keep climate change a headline issue.
But Mr. Blair has been unable to convince President Bush to support mandatory targets and timetables for emissions reductions. The White House's preferred approach instead focuses on reducing the US economy's carbon intensity - the amount of carbon emitted per unit of economic output - by 18 percent over 10 years. It relies heavily on research and market forces to encourage adoption of technologies to achieve its goals.
The European research team's call for more research also comes as the United Nations sponsored Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is in the midst of preparing its next set of climate-change reports, set for release in 2007. Researchers had to submit results to journals by mid-May - deadlines that suggest a flurry of new studies relating to the global climate will come out over the next year.
Researchers are aiming to narrow uncertainties linked to climate sensitivity and man-made aerosols, because sensitivity determines how much warming could be expected as concentrations of carbon dioxide and other heat trapping "greenhouse" gases in the atmosphere grow. Even from the effects of what humans already have pumped skyward, many researchers believe the atmosphere's temperature will increase by 2 degrees by 2100. That number would rise with continued greenhouse emissions. | <urn:uuid:899bbe1e-2e9b-470a-b3d4-c4baa4f36125> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.csmonitor.com/2005/0630/p01s02-usgn.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368707184996/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516122624-00081-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.932192 | 627 | 3.484375 | 3 |
Deterministic Teleportation in Solid State Circuit
Microscope image of one of the quantum bits used in the teleportation experiments. The sample was fabricated in the ETH Zurich clean room FIRST. (Photo: Arkady Fedorov, Lars Steffen / ETH Zurich)
We use cryogenic systems to cool our electronic devices to close to absolute zero of temperature. The photograph shows a detail of one of our setups.
The Rydberg experiment uses cryogenic techniques (front) and high power lasers (back) to combine atomic and solid state systems. (Image: Heidi Hostettler, ETH Zurich)
Mechanically Controlled Break-Junction
To investigate devices based on single molecules electrically connected to two electrodes, we micro-fabricate gated gold break-junctions, where the thinnest (20 nm by 30 nm) section of a gold wire (yellow) is controllably broken to form a gap on the order of 1 nm for a single molecule. A side gate (blue) allows shifting the energy levels in the device.
Circuit QED Device
We investigate the quantum physical properties of electronic circuits. The photograph shows a chip made in our labs at ETH and mounted in a printed circuit board to investigate the interaction of individual photons with individual qubits.
Microwave Printed Circuit Board
Photograph of a detail of one of our circuit boards designed and fabricated for microwave ferquency experiments.
The research is done by an international team including undergraduate and graduate students as well as post doctoral scientists. The lab is supported by one technician, a project manager and a secretary. (Image: Heidi Hostettler, ETH Zurich) | <urn:uuid:0f3ff65a-09e0-48c6-ac5d-2e90dbc83168> | CC-MAIN-2013-48 | http://qudev.ethz.ch/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-48/segments/1386163932627/warc/CC-MAIN-20131204133212-00039-ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.881809 | 338 | 2.953125 | 3 |
People seldom wonder why water is transparent, how sand can become transparent glass and play an important role in our lives, or how a giant ship can sail without sinking. So familiar to us are all these things that perhaps no one has ever wondered what would happen if sand did not turn into glass at a sufficiently high temperature. A little consideration of such things will show that they have all been equipped with similar and sometimes vital details.
One such detail is water. At sub-zero temperatures, water turns into ice. This is just one of many natural phenomenon in our lives, and yet this transformation violates the known laws of physics. The special details in water, created by Allah for a specific purpose, are one of the reasons why life on Earth exists.
All known substances contract as their temperatures fall. As liquids contract and lose volume, their densities increase and their cold parts become heavier. This is why matter’s solid state is always heavier than its liquid state. We can cite the liquid and solid states of steel as an example of this. Contrary to all other known liquids, however, water contracts until it reaches a specific temperature (+4°C), after which it begins to expand until it freezes. Thus, water’s solid state is lighter than its liquid state. As a result, according to normal physical laws, ice should sink instead of floating. This is why the lower parts of frozen seas and lakes are covered in water at 4 degrees, which makes it possible for life to survive. If ice did not float, then most of the water on Earth would freeze entirely, no life would be left in any body of water, and the planet’s ecological equilibrium would be irreparably damaged. In other words, life as we know it would come to an end.
This important detail, an amazing blessing for human beings, makes those who are aware of it more sensitive to the blessings created by Allah, the Creator of each physical law. However, He can create without physical causes, if He wills to do so, and is not bound by any law or rule. His sublime, detailed artistry prevails throughout all of Creation:
Is He Who creates like him who does not create? So will you not pay heed? If you tried to number Allah’s blessings, you could never count them. Allah is Ever-Forgiving, Most Merciful. (Surat al-Nahl, 17-18) | <urn:uuid:b3fb22d0-d5b9-496e-a308-021996076c08> | CC-MAIN-2015-14 | http://www.harunyahya.com/en/works/29176/The-superior-detail-that-permits--life-under-the-ice | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-14/segments/1427131296587.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20150323172136-00238-ip-10-168-14-71.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.967178 | 495 | 3.21875 | 3 |
How to start Windows files and programs from a batch file
To run Microsoft Windows programs or file, use the START command. The example below would run Windows Notepad.
START /MAX NOTEPAD
You can also specify the direct location of the file by typing the following command.
START /MAX C:\Windows\NOTEPAD.EXE
Note: Windows users who have a different directory (e.g., Windows 2000 users) would need to substitute WINNT or the name of their directory in place of Windows in the above example.
The /max starts the window maximized.
To start a Windows file, use the start command followed by the name of the file. In the example below, we have a start command that is starting the chdown.txt file in the default text editor and then also sounding an alarm MP4 audio file in the default media player.
start chdown.txt && alarm.mp4
Also, in this example, we are also using "&&" to tell Windows to start more than one file.
Tip: As long as Windows knows how to open a file, you can use the start command with any file. For example, you could use the start command to open a movie file, video file, Word document, Excel file, and any other file. | <urn:uuid:40068d7b-b028-4a8a-9860-aea6dcb54043> | CC-MAIN-2018-51 | https://www.computerhope.com/issues/ch001677.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-51/segments/1544376824338.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20181213010653-20181213032153-00052.warc.gz | en | 0.855871 | 271 | 2.984375 | 3 |
Take a look at these free soccer tips! This page will provide diagrams and explanations on the best formation your team should use.
So why choose a balanced formation? Well, a balanced formation is very good in both offence and defence. The most popular formation used around the world is the 4-4-2 formation.
The 4-4-2 formation plays with a 'back-four' consisting of two central defenders, a left full-back and a right full-back. There are two strikers and four midfielders.
There are 3 popular variations to the 4-4-2 formation where the midfielders play different roles. They are:
1. Diamond 4-4-2
2. flat 4-4-2
3. Narrow 4-4-2
Each one of these 4-4-2 formations provides something different. The first one (diamond) can be seen below.
The 4-4-2 diamond is popular because it is very easy for the midfielders to know their roles.
The left and right midfielders generally stay wide. The two central midfielders however are the ones making the difference. One of them is playing the defensive midfielder whilst the other one is more attacking.
The defensive midfielder looks to receive the ball from the defence and play the ball forward or out-wide. He/she will sit in front of the back four and try to break up any opposition attacks.
The other midfielder plays ahead of the defensive midfielder. Their role is to link up attacking plays with the strikers and wide players. It is very important that they battle hard in the middle and get back to help defend when required.
The next formation is the flat 4-4-2. Take a look at the diagram below.
The flat 4-4-2 formation is very similar to the diamond except this time both central midfielders play the same role. Both players will be expected to help defensively and provide the right passes to the wide players and strikers.
It is important when playing this formation that both central midfielders are capable of playng along side each other. Some useful soccer tips here would be to make sure both midfielders communicate with each other and their team-mates.
The last 4-4-2 formation looks at having the team play more narrow. Take a look at the diagram below at how centralised the whole team is.
The narrow 4-4-2 formation has no wide midfield players. The only wide players your team will have are the two defensive full-backs who may need to push forward in attack.
The midfield has two defensive midfielders and two attacking midfield players. This formation works well if you want to win the central midfield battle. Although you will have limited options out wide your team should play all of their passes through the middle up to the strikers.
This formation will work well if your opponents are playing with a flat 4-4-2 formation where their full-backs rarely push forward. These are useful soccer tips so long as your full-backs can keep an eye on their wide-players whilst you make all the plays through the centre of the field.
Another common formation is the 3-5-2 formation. This also provides a nice balance between defence and attack.
The 3-5-2 formation has 3 central defenders, 5 midfielders and two strikers. It is once again the midfield options that makes this formation popular. You can play with 2 defensive (or central) midfielders, 2 wide midfielders and 1 attacking midfielder as shown in the diagram.
- To make this formation a little more attacking all you need to do is push forward one of the defensive midfielders to an attacking midfielder.
- A negative side to this formation would be that you are only playing 3 defenders and therefore could be vulnerable from attacks out wide. Only play this formation if you have 3 solid central defenders who can allow the rest of the team to push forward. | <urn:uuid:e0fcdc72-cfda-4d38-8a6c-86f5b8b728d4> | CC-MAIN-2017-30 | http://www.freeyouthsoccerdrills.com/soccer-tips.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-30/segments/1500549426169.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20170726142211-20170726162211-00105.warc.gz | en | 0.963932 | 804 | 2.65625 | 3 |
Preliminary findings point to the endangered pangolin as a possible host of the novel coronavirus, sparking concerns that a panic could lead to killings of the animal.
Experts say proposed changes to the Endangered Species Act could harm a number of troubled species found in Illinois, including the piping plover shorebird, rusty patched bumblebee and other animals and plants.
After spending their first year at Chicago’s Peggy Notebaert Nature Museum, dozens of endangered Blanding’s turtles were released into the wild as part of a preservation effort that started more than 20 years ago.
The Trump administration’s move to effectively weaken protections under the landmark law could have stark consequences for the 480 plant and animal species classified as endangered or threatened within Illinois.
Under the enforcement changes, officials for the first time will be able to publicly attach a cost to saving an animal or plant. Blanket protections for creatures newly listed as threatened will be removed.
It’s been a rough few decades for the rusty patched bumblebee. Once widespread in Illinois and throughout much of the U.S., the species has lost nearly 90% of its population over the past 20 years.
From rare blind salamanders to adorable red wolf pups, here’s our guide to the newest and most unique animals to visit in and around Chicago.
After 15 months of pregnancy, Lincoln Park Zoo rhinoceros Kapuki gave birth to a new calf Sunday. And just 53 minutes after birth, it was able to stand up on all four legs.
Mother’s Day was extra special for Rollie, a western lowland gorilla at Lincoln Park Zoo who gave birth to a male last weekend.
The cubs’ arrival – the first litter born at the zoo since 2010 – is a bright spot for one of the world’s most endangered wolf species.
Pair of Brookfield Polar Bears Involved in Artificial Insemination
Hudson, a 1,000-pound male polar bear at Brookfield Zoo, underwent a historic checkup this week when he received a CT scan and had semen collected, which was used to inseminate two female polar bears.
A pair of bills would strip the state of its authority to regulate endangered species that are protected at the federal level but that might require further protections within Illinois.
Kapuki, a 13-year-old eastern black rhinoceros, is expected to give birth to a baby calf in May.
Mining for coltan, a mineral compound used to make cellphones and other small electronics, has displaced large numbers of Eastern gorillas in the Democratic Republic of Congo.
The complex and relatively advanced cultures of chimpanzees are disappearing as human beings encroach on previously undisturbed areas of African forest, according to a new study involving researchers from Lincoln Park Zoo.
Researchers estimate that more than one million pangolins have been taken from the wild over the past decade as demand has soared for their meat and scales. What one local institution is doing to save these scaly anteaters. | <urn:uuid:652f04fc-416f-4183-9256-6b55d80bc0db> | CC-MAIN-2020-10 | https://news.wttw.com/tags/endangered-species?mini=2019-12 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875145910.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20200224071540-20200224101540-00114.warc.gz | en | 0.946215 | 631 | 2.5625 | 3 |
If you’re a fan of James Burke-style Connections-type narratives, here’s a tale of just the sort of improbable chain of events that leads to lateral thinking and even breakthroughs in science and technology:
As a budding hacker and computer engineer, Sangjin Han did an internship at Sony Computer Entertainment - the division responsible for the Playstation line of game consoles. While there, he was exposed to and did a little programming for the “GPU-like” chip inside the Playstation 2.
A GPU, of course, is the massively parallell co-processor in a computer or game console that handles the rendering of complex three-dimensional scenes.
Having developed something of a fascination with the GPU, but having no place to express that interest as he moved away from video game programming and toward more serious engineering, he tucked away these insights and, in his spare time, kept up with the advances in GPU processors.
Years later he found himself in a group at the institute formerly known as the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, working on routers, which are the closed, proprietary switches that forward and process all of the traffic, or packets, on the Internet.
Routers are typically built by companies like Cisco and Juniper, and the big, multi-terabyte enterprise-grade ones that forward traffic on the backbone of the internet are as jaw-droppingly expensive as they are fast.
“Routers are the last bastion of specialized supercomputers,” says Sue Moon, an associate professor at KAIST and Han’s adviser.
Like every other area of supercomputing, it seems, routers are a natural target for enterprising hackers with ideas about how to match the massively parallel architecture of commodity GPUs to the massively parallel problems of our time - in this case, examining, manipulating and forwarding packets.
Even so, no one had attempted it. It took a budding engineer like Han, with his background in computer game programming for a console, to put two and two together.
That’s why he’s now the lead author on a paper describing a system we just covered in Technology Review, called PacketShader, which has smashed previous records for packet throughput for a server built from off-the-shelf parts.
This software PC router is fast enough, its creators hope, to allow researchers to experiment with novel networking protocols at real network speeds, without having to pony up for the big iron from Juniper and Cisco. These new protocols, like Openflow, could replace the 30 year old TCP/IP protocol that currently runs the Internet and is beginning to show its age.
And that’s how we get from the most popular gaming console in history to a potential re-write of the invisible, but absolutely necessary, guts of the Internet itself.
Playstation 2 controller image cc John Rowley | <urn:uuid:addb6fbb-67a9-4212-b48e-683858d2786b> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://www.technologyreview.com/view/420330/how-game-consoles-could-revolutionize-the-internet/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422122122092.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124175522-00249-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.953181 | 592 | 2.671875 | 3 |
The re-emergence of wetlands vegetation has occurred quite recently, certainly within the past 50 years, allowing many of the low lying areas to once again become red maple swamps. Other on-site wetlands include the two farm ponds, the wildlife pond, a fabulous bog, and several wet meadow areas, each showing the evidence of human activity. The peat bog was presumably used for a period of time as a cranberry production bog. Aerial photographs reveal a series of distinct channels cut in the sphagnum mat. Native cranberries still grow in several locations on the bog.
Types of Wetlands
Four specific types of wetlands can be found in the Arboretum:
- Wet meadow
- Farm and wildlife ponds
- Red maple swamp
Each of the types found were inventoried, and specific points of interest highlighted.
1. Wet Meadow
Wet meadow habitat can be found along the low-lying perimeter of the orchards, frequently in areas adjacent to the drainage ditches. These sunny meadows characteristically exhibit saturated soils, hydric in nature, with an interesting diversity of plants and animals. A classic wet meadow can be found on the east side of the sidewalk leading in from Main Street just behind the formal Butterfly garden.
An informal trail bisects this wet meadow and is a wonderful location for hikers to experience the diversity of late summer native wildflowers inhabiting this full sun environment. Some of the more common native plant species growing in this wet meadow are:
boneset (Eupatorium perfoliatum), blue vervain (Verbenna hastatal), cinnamon fern (Osmunda cinnamomea), grass-leaved goldenrod (Solidago uliginosa), jewelweed (Impatiens capensis), joe-pye-weed (Eupatorium maculatum), New England aster (Aster novae-angliae), New York aster (Aster novi-belgii), reed-canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea), sensitive fern (Onoclea sensibilis), skunk cabbage (Symplocarpos foetidus) and tussock sedge (Carex crinita).
As a result of the profusion of late summer wildflowers, wet meadows are very attractive areas for many species of insects. The abundance of goldenrod, joe-pye weed, and aster species attract the following butterflies:
American copper (Chrysalis), black swallowtail (Papilio Polyxenes), cabbage white (Pieris rapae), eyed brown (Satyrodes eurydice), great spangled fritillary (Speyeria cybele), large wood nymph (Cercyonis pegala), skipper sp. (Hesperiidae), meadow fritillary (Boloria bellona), monarch (Danaus plexippus), mourning cloak (Nymphalus antiopa), painted lady (Vanessa pardoi), question mark (Polygonia interrogationis), red-spotted purple (Limenitis arthemis), tiger swallowtail (Papilio flaucus), viceroy (Limenitis archippos), white admiral (Limenitis arthemis).
In addition to butterflies, many other species of insects including a variety of wasps, bees, and dragonflies are frequent inhabitants of the wet meadow landscape.
Unfortunately, much of the landscape displaying wet meadow characteristics is fast becoming a monoculture of non-native purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria). Strategies for controlling the spread of loosestrife in these wetland ecosystems need to be addressed as part of the long-term maintenance of the Arboretum.
2. Farm and Wildlife Ponds
These ponds are located adjacent to the handicapped accessible trail system near the Wildflower Garden. The majority of the larger and upstream pond is almost entirely on private property (433 Main Street.) These ponds are about eight feet deep and have a flat rocked bottom, indicating they were man-made.
Water entering these historic farm ponds arrives via a drainage basin beginning just north of the Arboretum near the town center, with much of the contribution being road runoff from Main Street. Within the drainage basin are many older homes, some still with cesspools, along with an area where horses have, until recently, been boarded.
Each of these factors increases the nutrient supply entering the ponds. This is evident during the summer months when the ponds are completely covered by a thin floating layer of both duckweed (Lemna spp.) and water meal (Wolffia columbiana). While each of the ponds exhibits characteristic features common in nutrient rich water, both still provide excellent wildlife habitat, including vernal pool features.
The third and most recently excavated of the three ponds, is located just off the right branch of Orchard Loop accessible trail, not far from the Taylor Road parking lot. This small, full-sun pond was constructed in 1990 by the town of Acton. The intent was to create a wildlife pond near the maintained orchards and meadows, within viewing distance of the accessible trail. Many interesting developmental wetlands changes have occurred during the pond's short existence. Cattails (Typha latifolia) have colonized the pond, and green frogs and American toads use the pond as an annual breeding area. Because of the extreme seasonal fluctuation in groundwater in this area of the Arboretum, the pond periodically dries up and; as a result, has no fish population. Both elements make this pool an ideal wetlands for amphibian breeding.
Water quality issues related to the health of the two old farm ponds need monitoring. The recently excavated pond should be considered because much of the mowed (lawn) section of the Arboretum is up-gradient of this pond.
3. Red Maple Swamp
By far the most common wetland type throughout Acton is red maple swamp. This is also true in the Arboretum where more than 4 acres are forested wetlands with an overstory consisting primarily of red maple (Acer rubrum). Red maple swamps represent a very late successional stage of forest/wetlands evolution and will be the dominant wetlands feature in the Arboretum for decades to come.i
The Arboretum's red maple swamps are most commonly found in high groundwater areas bordering the three major drainage ditches. The map of the area illustrates the landscape pattern created by the north-south orientation of the ditches and associated wetlands.
Originally, the drainage ditches were excavated to channel seasonal runoff and the red maple swamps were cleared to develop lowland hayfields. In the late 1960s, active farming in the area ended, and red maples once again became the dominant species colonizing the wetlands. Along with the red maples came an interesting and diverse collection of understory shrubs, ferns, and herbaceous plants.
Encroachment into the Bog
Red maple has established a firm foothold along the boundaries of the Arboretum's bog, where the water is richer in minerals and dissolved oxygen and has a slightly higher pH than in the bog's center. The maples continue to encroach out onto the bog. This red maple/bog interface needs to be addressed in this plan.
One of the most fascinating wetlands features in the Arboretum is the bog. The origins of this surficial, geologic feature has already been described in detail. This section further reviews the origin of the bog and describes the limiting factors for life in and on the bog and surrounding red maple swamp.
By definition, the 2.5 acre bog is considered a flat or level peatland, decomposing sphagnum moss (Sphagnum spp.) and leaf litter (peat) concealed beneath a living sphagnum mat. The level bog is classified as oligotrophic, acidic, poorly fed, receiving water from a spring north of the bog near the base of the esker. Rain is the only other source of water entering the bog.ii
Evolution of the Bog
About fifteen thousand years ago, our bog would have appeared as a small, 15 to 20 foot deep pond, residing in the barren, treeless landscape, just beyond the boundary of the retreating glacier.iii The landscape on all sides of the bog featured other newly-forged glacial remnants such as an esker and acres of outwash sands and gravel strewn with large boulders left behind as the climate warmed and the glaciers receded.
The melt waters contained an abundance of seeds and spores stowed away for centuries in the ice finally to be deposited in the bog sediment. The stage was set for the evolution of the bog. iv
Nutrient Supply and Oxygen
As with most peat lands, no stream flows into the Arboretum's bog. This lack of a direct inlet significantly limits the nutrients entering the bog. There is no constant supply of oxygen, which is necessary to fuel the bacterial decomposition process. Both of these factors slow the rate of biologic decomposition of the organic matter. The excessively slow rate, along with other factors causes the bog water to become acidic, often with a pH of less than 4.
This sterile, isolated environment, limited in available nitrogen for plant growth provides the necessary habitat for a most interesting host of plant characters. In the following section covering wildlife habitat, life on the bog will be inventoried in greater detail.
i Ecology of Red Maple Swamps in the Glaciated Northeast: A Community Profile, by Francis C. Golet, Aram J.K. Calcoun, William R. DeRagon, Dennis J. Lowry and Arthur J. Gold. (Fish and Wildlife Service, U. S. Department of the Interior, 1993.)
ii Bogs of the Northeast (Charles W. Johnson, University Press of New England, 1985.)
iii Depth probing in March, 1998, by Richard Hatfield and Tom Tidman revealed a maximum bog depth of 16 feet.
iv New England Natives (Sheila Connor, Harvard University Press, 1994) | <urn:uuid:32b7fff3-a1e2-4543-8e9e-e2389e5b388c> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://actonarboretum.org/the_land/wetlands.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720356.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00256-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.911595 | 2,117 | 3.296875 | 3 |
Definition of Ivory plant
1. Noun. A stemless palm tree of Brazil and Peru bearing ivory nuts.
Generic synonyms: Feather Palm
Group relationships: Genus Phytelephas, Phytelephas
Terms within: Apple Nut, Ivory Nut, Vegetable Ivory
Ivory Plant Pictures
Click the following link to bring up a new window with an automated collection of images related to the term: Ivory Plant Images
Lexicographical Neighbors of Ivory Plant
Literary usage of Ivory plant
Below you will find example usage of this term as found in modern and/or classical literature:
1. The Capitals of Spanish America by William Eleroy Curtis (1888)
"... which shortens the time a day, and the distance by saddle thirty VEGETABLE ivory plant. miles. In describing the journey Mr. Scruggs, recently United ..."
2. The Treasury of Botany: A Popular Dictionary of the Vegetable Kingdom; with by John Lindley (1866)
"Some of the species are grown in this country on account of the beauty of their leaves. [AS] PHYTELEPHAS. The ivory plant ..."
3. The MAGAZINE of Horticulture, Botany, and All Useful Discoveries and (1856)
"This is the celebrated ivory plant, so called from its nuts supplying the ... The ivory plant is nearly allied to the palms. Its growth is confined to the ..."
4. In the Trades, the tropics & the roaring forties. Popular ed by Annie baroness Brassey (1886)
"The vegetable-ivory plant ... The leaves of the vegetable-ivory plant are used by the Indians as thatch for their huts. ..."
5. Report of the Secretary of Agriculture by United States Dept. of Agriculture (1890)
"The vegetable ivory plant, a native of the northern parts of South America. The fruit consists of a collection of six or seven drupes; each contains from ..."
Other Resources Relating to: Ivory plant | <urn:uuid:a338c692-4eeb-474a-b56d-39cd591e5b96> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.lexic.us/definition-of/ivory_plant | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368704433753/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516114033-00003-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.904989 | 426 | 3.15625 | 3 |
But the rocket’s heavy size – 53.6 meters (176 ft) tall and weighs 837,500 kilograms (more than 1.8 million pounds) – and the precarious design of its launch has led experts to fear that some debris from its primary stage might fail to burn as it re-enters the atmosphere. for the earth.
As with two Previous launches, the rocket has thrown its empty first stage of 23 tons into orbit, which means that it will continue to orbit the Earth over the coming days as it gradually approaches landing. This flight path is difficult to predict due to fluctuations in the atmosphere caused by changes in solar activity.
Although experts consider the chances of debris hitting a populated area extremely low, many also believe that China is taking an unnecessary risk. After the core stage of the latest launch fell into the Indian Ocean, NASA Administrator Bill Nelson said China had “failed to meet responsible standards regarding space debris,” including reducing risks during re-entry and being transparent about operations.
China rejects accusations of irresponsibility. In response to concerns about the launch last year, China’s foreign ministry said the potential for damage was “extremely low”.
Before the launch, Jonathan McDowell, an astronomer at the Center for Astrophysics who closely tracks space launches, wrote on Twitter that he was hoping China would adopt a new design to allow the core stage to be de-orbited.
Late Sunday, McDowell added that US Space Command’s orbital data on two launch objects confirmed that the core stage “is still in orbit and has not been actively de-orbited.”
Many scientists agree with China that the chances of the debris causing serious damage are slim. that Article – Commodity He published in Nature Astronomy this month the chance that, under current launch practices, someone could die or be injured from parts of a rocket resulting in uncontrolled re-entry at 1 in 10 over the next decade.
But many think launch designs like the Long March 5B are an unnecessary risk. “Launch providers have access to today’s technologies and mission designs that can eliminate the need for most uncontrolled re-entries,” the authors wrote. They proposed global safety standards that mandate controlled re-entry.
Although it lags behind the United States in many respects, China’s spaceflight program has scored several symbolic victories over the past decade under President Xi Jinping’s plan to build the nation into a space power, including putting the Tiangong space station into orbit. last year.
The successful docking of the Wentian Experiment module on Monday means its orbital position is just one more addition far from complete, and the final module launch is expected later this year. There are three Chinese astronauts at the station.
The rapid increase in space activity has raised fears of the emergence of a space race – and the risk of a devastating and geopolitically destabilizing accident due to poor communication between nations. Cooperation between China and the United States in space has been minimal since the 2011 Wolf Amendment that prevented NASA from using government funding to work with the Chinese government.
Prospects for international cooperation have been further undermined by China’s growing partnership with Russia, which Beijing says remains strong despite President Vladimir Putin’s invasion of Ukraine. The two last year announce It plans to build a joint research site on the moon.
“Professional web geek. Alcohol fan. Devoted zombie trailblazer. Certified social media lover. Amateur creator. Friendly food nerd.” | <urn:uuid:5ebdc4c9-d86a-4ccb-9414-73cd945ad476> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.solidstatelightingdesign.com/rocket-debris-from-chinas-earth-crash-mission/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506029.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20230921174008-20230921204008-00308.warc.gz | en | 0.959132 | 724 | 3.421875 | 3 |
Last fall, University of Virginia computer science professor Vicente Ordóñez noticed a pattern in some of the guesses made by image-recognition software he was building. “It would see a picture of a kitchen and more often than not associate it with women, not men,” he says.
That got Ordóñez wondering whether he and other researchers were unconsciously injecting biases into their software. So he teamed up with colleagues to test two large collections of labeled photos used to “train” image-recognition software.
Their results are illuminating. Two prominent research-image collections—including one supported by Microsoft and Facebook—display a predictable gender bias in their depiction of activities such as cooking and sports. Images of shopping and washing are linked to women, for example, while coaching and shooting are tied to men.
Machine-learning software trained on the datasets didn’t just mirror those biases, it amplified them. If a photo set generally associated women with cooking, software trained by studying those photos and their labels created an even stronger association.
Mark Yatskar, a researcher at the Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence, says that this phenomenon could also amplify other biases in data, for example related to race. “This could work to not only reinforce existing social biases but actually make them worse,” says Yatskar, who worked with Ordóñez and others on the project while at the University of Washington.
As sophisticated machine-learning programs proliferate, such distortions matter. In the researchers' tests, people pictured in kitchens, for example, became even more likely to be labeled “woman” than reflected the training data. The researchers’ paper includes a photo of a man at a stove labeled “woman.”
If replicated in tech companies, these problems could affect photo-storage services, in-home assistants with cameras like the Amazon Look, or tools that use social media photos to discern consumer preferences. Google accidentally demonstrated the dangers of inappropriate image software in 2015, when its photo service tagged black people as gorillas.
As AI-based systems take on more complex tasks, the stakes will become higher. Yatskar describes a future robot that when unsure of what someone is doing in the kitchen offers a man a beer and a woman help washing dishes. "A system that takes action that can be clearly attributed to gender bias cannot effectively function with people," he says.
Tech companies have come to lean heavily on software that learns from piles of data, after breakthroughs in machine learning roughly five years ago. More recently, researchers have begun to show how techniques considered cold and clinical can pick up unsavory biases.
Last summer, researchers from Boston University and Microsoft showed that software trained on text collected from Google News reproduced gender biases well documented in humans. When they asked software to complete the statement “Man is to computer programmer as woman is to X,” it replied, “homemaker.”
The new study shows that gender bias is built into two big sets of photos, released to help software better understand the content of images. The researchers looked at ImSitu, created by the University of Washington, and COCO, initially coordinated by Microsoft, and now also cosponsored by Facebook and startup MightyAI. Each collection contains more than 100,000 images of complex scenes drawn from the web, labeled with descriptions.
Both datasets contain many more images of men than women, and the objects and activities depicted with different genders show what the researchers call “significant” gender bias. In the COCO dataset, kitchen objects such as spoons and forks are strongly associated with women, while outdoor sporting equipment such as snowboards and tennis rackets are strongly associated with men.
When image-recognition software is “trained” by examining these datasets, the bias is amplified. A system trained on the COCO dataset associated men with keyboards and computer mice even more strongly than the dataset itself.
The researchers devised a way to neutralize this amplification phenomenon—effectively forcing learning software to reflect its training data. But it requires a researcher to be looking for bias in the first place, and to specify what he or she wants to correct. And the corrected software still reflects the gender biases baked into the original data.
Eric Horvitz, director of Microsoft Research, says he hopes others adopt such tools as they build software powered by machine learning. The company has an internal ethics committee dedicated to keeping AI in the company's products in line. “I and Microsoft as a whole celebrate efforts identifying and addressing bias and gaps in datasets and systems created out of them,” Horvitz says. Researchers and engineers working with COCO and other datasets should be looking for signs of bias in their own work and others’ he says.
Away from computers, books and other educational materials for children often are tweaked to show an idealized world, with equal numbers of men and women construction workers, for example. Horvitz says it may be worth considering a similar approach in some cases for material used to teach software about the world. “It’s a really important question–when should we change reality to make our systems perform in an aspirational way?” he says.
Others studying bias in machine learning aren't so sure. If there really are more male construction workers, image-recognition programs should be allowed to see that, says Aylin Caliskan, a researcher at Princeton. Steps can be taken afterwards to measure and adjust any bias if needed. “We risk losing essential information,” she says. “The datasets need to reflect the real statistics in the world.”
One point of agreement in the field is that using machine learning to solve problems is more complicated than many people previously thought. “Work like this is correcting the illusion that algorithms can be blindly applied to solve problems,” says Suresh Venkatasubramanian, a professor at the University of Utah. | <urn:uuid:8f275c73-99c3-4c64-984a-e0e2371aa191> | CC-MAIN-2018-09 | https://www.wired.com/story/machines-taught-by-photos-learn-a-sexist-view-of-women/?mbid=email_onsiteshare | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-09/segments/1518891814002.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20180222041853-20180222061853-00298.warc.gz | en | 0.954509 | 1,231 | 3.234375 | 3 |
The main entrance of Birkenau (1945)
The Auschwitz complex was divided in three major camps: Auschwitz I main camp or Stammlager; Auschwitz II, or Birkenau, established on October 8th, 1941 as a 'Vernichtungslager' (extermination camp); Auschwitz III or Monowitz, established on May 31th, 1942 as an 'Arbeitslager' or work camp; also several sub-camps. There were up to seven gas chambers using Zyklon-B poison gas and three crematoria. Auschwitz II included a camp for new arrivals and those to be sent on to labor elsewhere; a Gypsy camp; a family camp; a camp for holding and sorting plundered goods and a women's camp. Auschwitz III provided slave labor for a major industrial plant run by I G Farben for producing synthetic rubber (see Blechhammer). Highest number of inmates, including sub-camps: 155,000. The estimated number of deaths: 2.1 to 2.5 million killed in gas chambers, of whom about 2 million were Jews, and Poles, Gypsies and Soviet POWs. About 330,000 deaths from other causes.
In April 1940, Rudolph Höss, who become the first commandant, identified the Silesian town of Oswiecim as a possible site for a concentration camp. The function of the camp was initially to intimidate Poles and prevent resistance to German rule. It was also perceived as a cornerstone of the policy to re-colonize Upper Silesia, which had once been a German region, with 'pure Aryans'. On April 27th, Himmler ordered construction of the camp.
In May 1940, Poles were evicted from the vicinity of the barracks (most of them were executed), and a work crew comprising concentration camp prisoners was sent from Sachsenhausen. 300 Jews from the large Jewish community of Oswiecim were also pressed into service.
The first transport of prisoners, almost all Polish civilians, arrived in June 1940 and the SS administration and staff was established. On March 1th, 1941, the camp population was 10,900. The camp quickly developed a reputation for torture and mass shootings.
Himmler visited Auschwitz in March 1941 and commanded its enlargement to hold 30,000 prisoners. Himmler also ordered the construction of a second camp for 100,000 inmates on the site of the village of Brzezinka (Birkenau), roughly 4 km from the main camp. This massive camp was intended to be filled with captured Russian POWs who would provide the slave labor to build the SS 'utopia' in Upper Silesia. The chemical giant I G Farben expressed an interest in utilizing this labor force, too. Extensive construction work began in October 1941, under terrible conditions and with massive loss of life. About 10,000 Russian POWs died in the process.
The Death Factory... (1945)
The main camp population grew from 18,000 in December 1942 to 30,000 in March 1943. In July or August 1941, Himmler briefed Höss about the 'Final Solution'. On September 3th, 1941, Soviet POWs at the Auschwitz main camp were used in trials of the poison gas Zyklon-B. This poison gas was produced by the German company "Degesch" (Deutsche Gesellschaft zur Schädlingsbekämpfung). The were gassed in underground cells in Block 11. After this trial, a gas chamber was rigged-up just outside the main camp and in February 1942, two temporary gas chambers opened at Birkenau. The crematories were built by the German company "Topf & son" located at Erfurt.
In March 1942, a women's camp is established at Auschwitz with 6,000 inmates. In August 1942, it was moved to Birkenau. By January 1944, 27,000 women were living in Birkenau, in section B1a, in separated quarters.
In February 1943, a section for Gypsies was established at Birkenau, camp BIIe, and in September 1943 an area was reserved for Czech Jews deported from Theresienstadt, the so-called 'Family Camp', BIIb. The gas chambers and crematoria opened in March 1943.
In Autumn 1943, the camp administration was reorganized following a corruption scandal. By the end of 1943, the prisoner population of Auschwitz main camp, Birkenau, Monowitz and other sub-camps was over 80,000: 18,437 in the main camp, 49,114 in Birkenau, and 13,288 at Monowitz where I G Farben had its synthetic rubber plant. Up to 50,000 prisoners were scattered around 51 sub-camps such as Rajsko, an experimental agricultural station, and Gleiwitz, a coal mine (see The List of the Camps for a complete list of those sub-camps).
The situation in the sub-camps was often even worse than in the main camps. In mid-1944, Auschwitz was designated a huge SS -run security area in Upper Silesia of over 40 sq. The camp population reached in August 1944 105,168. The last roll-call on January 18th, 1945 showed 64,000 inmates.
During its history, the prison population of Auschwitz changed composition significantly. At first, its inmates were almost entirely Polish. From April 1940 to March 1942, on about 27,000 inmates, 30 percent were Poles and 57 percent were Jews. From March 1942 to March 1943 of 162,000 inmates, 60 percent were Jews.
Auschwitz became a significant source of slave labor locally and functioned as an international clearing house. Of 2.5 million people who were deported to Auschwitz, 405,000 were given prisoner status and serial numbers. Of these, approximately 50 percent were Jews and 50 percent were Poles and other nationalities. Of those who received numbers, 65,000 survived. It is estimated that about 200,000 people passed through the Auschwitz camps and survived.
Those deported to Auschwitz arrived at the nearby train station and were marched or trucked to the main camp where they were registered, tattooed, undressed, deloused, had their body hair shaven off, showered while their clothes were disinfected with Zyklon-B gas, and entered the camp under the infamous gateway inscribed 'Arbeit Macht Frei' ("Labor make you free")
A parallel system operated later at Birkenau in 1942-43, except that for the majority the 'showers' proved to be gas chambers. Only about 10 percent of Jewish transports were registered, disinfected, shaven and showered in the 'central sauna' before being assigned barracks. In May 1944, a spur line was built right into the camp to accelerate and simplify the handling of the tens of thousands of Hungarian and other Jews deported in the spring and summer of 1944.
The history of Auschwitz-Birkenau as an extermination center is complex. From late 1941 to October 1942, the mortuary at Auschwitz main camp, which was already equipped with a crematorium, was adapted as a gas chamber. It measured approximately 835 square feet. In the spring of 1942, two provisional gas chambers at Birkenau were constructed out of peasant huts, known as the 'bunkers'.
The first 'bunker', with two sealed rooms, operated from January 1942 to the end of that year. The second, with four air tight rooms, became redundant in the spring of 1943, but remained standing and was used again in the autumn of 1944 when extra 'capacity' was needed for the murder of Hungarian Jews and the liquidation of the ghettos. The second measured about 1.134 square feet. The victims murdered in the 'bunkers' were first obliged to undress in temporary wooden barracks erected nearby. Their bodies were taken out of the gas chambers and pushed to pits where they were burned in the open. Between January 1942 and March 1943, 175,000 Jews were gassed to death here, of whom 105,000 were killed from January to March 1943.
Entrance of a gas chamber in Auscwitz. (1945)
Up to this point, Auschwitz accounted for only 11 percent of the victims of the 'Final Solution'. However, in August 1942, planning began for the construction of four large-scale gassing facilities. It appears from the plans that the first two gas chambers were adapted from mortuaries which, with the huge crematoria attached to them, were initially intended to cope with mortalities amongst the slave labor force in the camp, now approaching 100,000 and subject to a horrifying death rate. But from the autumn of 1942, it seems clear that the SS planners and civilian contractors were intending to build a mass-murder plant.
The twin pairs of gas chambers were numbered II and III, and IV and V. The first opened on March 31, 1943, the last on April 4, 1943. The total area of the gas chambers was 2,255 square meters; the capacity of these crematoria was 4,420 people. Those selected to die were undressed in the undressing room and then pushed into the gas chambers. It took about 20 minutes for all the people to death. In II and III, the killings took place in underground rooms, and the corpses were carried to the five ovens by an electrically operated lift. Before cremation gold teeth and any other valuables, such as rings, were removed from the corpses. In IV and V the gas chambers and ovens were on the same level, but the ovens were so poorly built and the usage was so great that they repeatedly malfunctioned and had to be abandoned. The corpses were finally burned outside, in the open, as in 1943. Jewish sonderkommandos worked the crematoria under SS supervision.
Initially the new facilities were "underutilized". From April 1943 to March 1944, "only" 160,000 Jews were killed at Birkenau, but from March 1944 to November 1944, when all the other death camps had been abandoned, Birkenau surpassed all previous records for mass killing. The Hungarian deportations and the liquidation of the remaining Polish ghettos, such as Lodz, resulted in the gassing of 585,000 Jews. This period made Auschwitz-Birkenau into the most notorious killing site of all time.
In October 1944, the 'Sonderkommando' crew crematoria IV revolted and destroyed the crematories. In November Himmler ordered gassings to stop, and a 'cleanup' operation was inaugurated to conceal traces of the mass murder. In January 1945, the Germans evacuated 58,000 prisoners who could walk. They left behind in the main camp, Birkenau and in Monowitz about 7,000 sick or incapacitated who they did not expect would live for long.
When Soviet troops liberated Auschwitz on January 27, 1945, they found these pitiful survivors as well as 836,525 items of women clothing, 348,820 items of men clothing, 43,525 pairs of shoes and vast numbers of toothbrushes, glasses and other personal effects. They found also 460 artificial limbs and seven tons of human hair shaved from Jews before they were murdered. The human hairs were used by the company "Alex Zink" (located in Bavaria) for confection of cloth. This company was paying the human hairs 50 pfennig/kilo.
What remained from the victims: tons of clothes and shoes... (1945)
Remarkably, there were instances of individual resistance and collective efforts at fighting back inside Auschwitz. Poles, Communists and other national groups established networks in the main camp. A few Jews escaped from Birkenau, and there were recorded assaults on Nazi guards even at the entrance to the gas chambers. The 'Sonderkommando' revolt in October 1944 was the extraordinary example of physical resistance.
The children of Auschwitz at the liberation of the camp (1945) | <urn:uuid:187c0862-9ea2-48c6-916a-174574660ea2> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | https://www.jewishgen.org/forgottencamps/camps/auschwitzeng.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257645613.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20180318110736-20180318130736-00021.warc.gz | en | 0.977076 | 2,488 | 3.75 | 4 |
Sir Thomas More
“The King’s good servant, but God’s first.”
Sir Thomas More (February 7, 1478 – July 6, 1535), also Saint Thomas More, was an
English lawyer, author, and statesman who in his lifetime earned a reputation as a leading
humanist scholar, and occupied many public offices, including Lord Chancellor
(1529–1532). More coined the word “utopia”, a name he gave to an ideal, imaginary
island nation whose political system he described in the eponymous book published in 1516.
In 1935, four hundred years after his death, Pope Pius XI canonized St Thomas More in the Roman Catholic Church; More was declared Patron Saint of politicians and statesmen by Pope John Paul II in 1980. In 1980, Sir Thomas More was added to the Church of England’s calendar of saints.
He was voted thirty-seventh of the historical 100 Greatest Britons.
Что мы знаем о Томасе Море, кроме того, что он написал “Утопию”? Кроме нескольких абстрактных автоматических ассоциаций: “гуманист”, “гражданский деятель”, “яркий представитель эпохи Ренессанса”?
В № 18 газеты “История” Издательского Дома “Первое Сентября” читайте биографический очерк о Томасе Море и его эпохе. | <urn:uuid:489ad803-cf16-49d8-9080-236bf1371dbc> | CC-MAIN-2018-17 | http://eng.1september.ru/article.php?ID=200801710 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-17/segments/1524125936833.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20180419091546-20180419111546-00203.warc.gz | en | 0.68886 | 561 | 3.171875 | 3 |
How to Get rid of Springtails
Springtails are very small wingless insects in the order Collembola. They can appear in large numbers in damp soil and organic matter such as mulch, leaves, and pine straw. They will often make their way into homes where they are quite a nuisance. Their name comes from the small appendage tucked under them which when flexed causes them to hop great distances. The best means of control is inspection , mechanically finding their nest areas and excluding if possible.
Control Measures: Mechanical Means and Inspection
Springtails prefer to eat mold and fungi
- Lower humidity, since they like humid conditions. Ventilation or airing the rooms may be sufficient.
- Clean up any moist places, like loose floor boards
- Inspect and eliminate possible habitations they may cause fungi and mold:
- Inspect damp basements, crawl spaces or wall voids
- Look under cork insulation, kitchen sinks, bathroom sinks , bath traps
- Inspect soil of potted plants
- Look under log piles, mulch and moist soil
- Vegetation outside needs to be cut back from your home if possible.
- Gaps sealed with caulk or putty will help to exclude them.
Suggested Insecticides To Use
If after correcting the moisture and decaying vegetation, perimeter spraying can be helpful in setting up a barrier .
- Perimeter:To help springtails from entering a building use FenvaStar ECO Cap (makes 4 gallons), Arilon (makes 2.5 gallons) , Onslaught (makes 16 gallons), or Transport sprayed around the structure.
- Inside: If the infestation is extremely severe or for a quick temporary knockdown of the population use an aerosol such as Alpine Aerosol or Talstar Aerosol for immediate relief.
- Getting to the Outside Source: Use Demand G granules on nesting areas outside, under pine straw and mulched areas. These granules will wash down to the source of the springtail nest.
- More Springtail Information | <urn:uuid:803d26e6-4d8b-4557-9981-5602a5e361a8> | CC-MAIN-2018-26 | https://store.doyourownpestcontrol.com/crawling-insects/springtail-control-products | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-26/segments/1529267864172.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20180621133636-20180621153636-00270.warc.gz | en | 0.873085 | 413 | 2.90625 | 3 |
On August 12 explosions occurred at a warehouse, where loads of highly toxic substances, largely sodium cyanide, were being kept at Tianjin port city. A day later, the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation used eight of its satellite constellation to assess the rescue and damage operations during the emergency response.
Moreover, the National Satellite Meteorological Center also put its weather satellites to use during the disaster. The weather satellites captured images so as to discover fires in the blast zones and send them to government departments, helping in damage assessment and rescue activities.
An unnamed space expert asserted that, “Earth observation satellites have many types of imaging devices, so compared with other observation platforms they are more resistant to bad weather and can obtain high-definition pictures through smoke caused by the blasts.” Read here for more. | <urn:uuid:d22245e9-b344-4ec3-bb9d-670b1e22ffd0> | CC-MAIN-2019-04 | https://rcmrd.org/archives/405-satellites-used-after-the-tianjin-warehouse-blasts | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-04/segments/1547583662124.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20190119034320-20190119060320-00068.warc.gz | en | 0.954024 | 162 | 3.4375 | 3 |
Muslims Banned From Mars
Islamic scholars prohibit one-way journeys to the Red Planet
Muslims who dream of traveling to Mars are being told that a proposed one-way journey to settle Mars is prohibited by Islam.
A committee of the General Authority of Islamic Affairs and Endowment, an Islamic institution in the United Arab Emirates, has issued a Red Planet “fatwa,” or religious legal judgment, according to Khaleej Times.
“Such a one-way journey poses a real risk to life, and that can never be justified in Islam,” the committee said, according to the article. “There is a possibility that an individual who travels to planet Mars may not be able to remain alive there.”
Anyone undertaking the perilous voyage to the Red Planet is likely to die for no “righteous reason,” the committee reportedly said, and thus will suffer a “punishment similar to that of suicide in the Hereafter.”
Lest you interpret this as a bizarre ruling by some obscure fundamentalist cleric, remember that the ruling addressed only one-way trips to Mars. Which is exactly what an organization called Mars One is planning. It seems the denouncement is a specific reaction to the planned expedition.
The Mars One group is putting together a program that it claims could set up an unmanned settlement on Mars by 2023—followed by human settlers in 2025 … and then more Earth immigrants every two years.
The project would use existing space technology to reach Mars, which has already been visited by numerous satellites and several intrepid robotic landers.
While Mars One has a plan for sending humans to Mars, it has no idea how to bring them back. “A ‘one-way’ trip (or, in other words: emigration) to Mars is currently the only way we can get people on Mars within the next 20 years,” the organization states.
“This in no way excludes the possibility of a return flight at some point in the future,” Mars One continues. “It is likely that technological progress will make this less complex down the line, not to mention the fact that once the planet is inhabited, it will be that much easier to build the returning rocket there.”
Mars One argues that settling Mars is actually very Islamic. The group quotes the Koran saying that “among His Signs is the creation of the heavens and the earth, and the variations in your languages and your colors: verily in that are Signs for those who know.”
The Mars One response points to several famous Muslim explorers and urges the General Authority of Islamic Affairs and Endowment to focus on the benefits as well as the risks of the trip.
The fatwa seems to boil down to this: a one-way trip to Mars is a form of suicide, which is a sin under Islam and many other religions. Whether the Islamic ban will discourage any Muslims from actually making the trip is unlikely.
Anyone signing up for Mars One will know exactly what they are getting into—and will surely have made peace with their own doubts. | <urn:uuid:a78b612e-2956-45b3-b2a7-690a91c31b96> | CC-MAIN-2017-47 | https://warisboring.com/muslims-banned-from-mars/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-47/segments/1510934806586.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20171122122605-20171122142605-00010.warc.gz | en | 0.957101 | 638 | 2.546875 | 3 |
Growing bio-inspired shapes with hundreds of tiny robots
Press release issued: 19 December 2018
Hundreds of small robots can work in a team to create biology-inspired shapes – without an underlying master plan, purely based on local communication and movement. This is what researchers from Barcelona working with the Bristol Robotics Laboratory found when they introduced the biological principles of self-organisation to swarm robotics.
“We show that it is possible to apply nature’s concepts of self-organisation to human technology like robots,” says EMBL Barcelona group leader James Sharpe, co-author of the findings published today (19 December) in Science Robotics.
“That’s fascinating because technology is very brittle compared to the robustness we see in biology. If one component of a car engine breaks down, it usually results in a non-functional car. By contrast when one element in a biological system fails, for example if a cell dies unexpectedly, it does not compromise the whole system, and will usually be replaced by another cell later. If we could achieve the same self-organisation and self-repair in technology, we can enable it to become much more useful than it is now.”
The only information that the team installed in the coin-sized robots were basic rules on how to interact with neighbours. They specifically programmed the robots in the swarm to act similarly to cells in a tissue. Those ’genetic’ rules mimic the system responsible for the Turing patterns we see in nature, like the arrangement of fingers on a hand or the spots on a leopard. In this way, the project brings together two of Alan Turing’s fascinations: computer science and pattern formation in biology.
The robots rely on infrared messaging to communicate with neighbours within a 10-centimetre range. This makes the robots like biological cells, as they too can only directly communicate with other cells physically close to them.
The swarm forms various shapes by relocating robots from areas with low morphogen concentration to areas with high morphogen concentration – called ‘Turing spots’ -which leads to the growth of protrusions reaching out from the swarm.
“It’s beautiful to watch the swarm grow into shapes, it looks quite organic,” says Dr Hauert. “What’s fascinating is there is no master plan, these shapes emerge as a result of simple interactions between the robots. This is different from previous work where the shapes were often predefined.”
Working with large swarms
It is impossible to study swarm behaviour with just a couple of robots. That is why the team used at least 300 in most experiments, using a special setup which makes it easy to start and stop experiments and reprogram all the robots at once using light. Over 20 experiments with large swarms were done, with each experiment taking around 3.5 hours.
Furthermore, just like in biology, things often go wrong. Robots get stuck, or trail away from the swarm in the wrong direction. “That’s the kind of stuff that doesn’t happen in simulations, but only when you do experiments in real life”, says Ivica Slavkov, who shares first authorship of the paper with Daniel Carrillo-Zapata, also from the Bristol Robotics Lab.
All these details made the project challenging. The early part of the project was done in computer simulations, and it took the team about three years before the real robot swarm made its first shape. But the robots’ limitations also forced the team to devise clever, robust mechanisms to orchestrate the swarm patterning. By taking inspiration from shape formation in biology, the team was able to show that their robot shapes could adapt to damage, and self-repair. The large-scale shape formation of the swarm is far more reliable than each of the little robots, the whole is greater than the sum of the parts.
Potential for real world applications
While inspiration was taken from nature to grow the swarm shapes, the goal is ultimately to make large robot swarms for real-world applications. Imagine hundreds or thousands of tiny robots growing shapes to explore a disaster environment after an earthquake or fire or sculpting themselves into a dynamic 3D structure such as a temporary bridge that could automatically adjust its size and shape to fit any building or terrain.
“Because we took inspiration from biological shape formation, which is known to be self-organised and robust to failure, such swarm could still keep working even some robots were damaged.” says Daniel Carrillo-Zapata. "There is still a long way to go however, before we see such swarms outside the laboratory."
'Morphogenesis in robot swarms' by Slavkov, I., Zapata D. C. et al in Science Robotics
Background: James Sharpe (EMBL Barcelona) led the Swarm-Organ project, which was initiated at the Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG) when Sharpe was a group leader there. Sabine Hauert (Bristol Robotics Laboratory and University of Bristol) was the key senior collaborator. Other collaborators were Fredrik Jansson (currently employed at Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica - CWI) and Jaap Kaandorp (University of Amsterdam - UvA).
Funding: The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7) under grant agreement n° 601062, and the EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Future Autonomous and Robotic Systems (FARSCOPE) at the Bristol Robotics Laboratory. | <urn:uuid:774fef1e-257f-423a-a81c-1af247408cf9> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://uobwww.isys.bristol.ac.uk/news/2018/december/bio-inspired-robot-swarms.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141169606.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20201124000351-20201124030351-00089.warc.gz | en | 0.947927 | 1,148 | 3.703125 | 4 |
Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is a key dipolar aprotic solvent. It is less toxic than other members of this class: dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, HMPA. Dimethyl sulfoxide is the chemical compound (CH3)2SO. This colorless liquid is an important “”dipolar aprotic solvent. “” It is readily miscible in a wide range of organic solvents as well as water. It has a distinctive property of penetrating the skin very readily, allowing the handler to taste it. Some describe it as an “”oyster-like”” taste, others claim it tastes like garlic. DMSO is also employed as a rinsing agent in the electronics industry and, in its deuterated form (DMSO-d6), is a useful solvent in NMR due to its ability to dissolve a wide range of chemical compounds and its minimal interference with the sample signals. In cryobiology DMSO has been used as a cryoprotectant and is still an important constituent of cryoprotectant vitrification mixtures used to preserve organs, tissues, and cell suspensions. It is particularly important in the freezing and long-term storage of embryonic stem cells and hematopoietic stem cell, which are often frozen in a mixture of 10% DMSO and 90% fetal calf serum. As part of an autologous bone marrow transplant the DMSO is re-infused along with the patient’s own hematopoietic stem cell. Dimethyl sulfoxide is a by-product of wood pulping. One of the leading suppliers of DMSO is the Gaylord company in the USA. DMSO is frequently used as solvent in a number of chemical reactions. In particular it is an excellent reaction solvent for SN2 alkylations: it is possible to alkylate indoles with very high yields using potassium hydroxide as the base and a similar reaction also occurs with phenols. DMSO can be reacted with methyl iodide to form a sulfoxonium ion which can be reacted with sodium hydride to form a sulfur ylide. The methyl groups of DMSO are somewhat acidic in character (pKa=35) due to the stabilization of the resultant anions by the sulfoxide group. | <urn:uuid:b42db5fd-7ea4-4cd5-bf82-7ff9fc8dbe23> | CC-MAIN-2022-27 | https://brumer.com/products/dimethyl-sulfoxide/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656103322581.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220626222503-20220627012503-00735.warc.gz | en | 0.946143 | 505 | 2.546875 | 3 |
What Happens if You Don’t Get Enough Fiber
One of the most common consequences of not getting enough fiber throughout your lifetime is diverticulosis, also known as diverticular disease. One-third or 30% of adults in the United States will have diverticular disease by the age of 50, with more males than females having the disease. After age 70, half of adults will be diagnosed, and after age 85, that proportion jumps to 66% of adults with this condition. And it’s completely preventable – all you have to do is consume enough fiber to help support your colon.
How Fiber Works in Your Body
Fiber comes in two forms – soluble and insoluble. Insoluble fiber is considered roughage, mostly non-digestible, and gives your digestive tract muscles something to ‘push’ against, and insoluble fiber gives bulk to stool. Foods that contain insoluble fiber include cellulose-rich foods like lettuce, cabbages, celery, carrots, and other plant foods that ‘crunch’ naturally.
Soluble fiber is king when it comes to health benefits. Foods that contain pectin, mucilages, and psyllium are rich in soluble fiber, which is a water-rich fiber that has extreme absorptive powers. Essentially, soluble fiber can ‘grab’, ‘stick to’ and ‘hang on’ to toxins like old hormones, cholesterol in bile, and other waste products, thus removing them from your system.
How Does Fiber Lower Cholesterol?
When you eat fatty foods, your body responds by releasing bile acids—which are rich in cholesterol— into your digestive tract to help digest fat. When there is fiber present, it will stick to and ‘grab’ the cholesterol before it can be reabsorbed into your bloodstream. Instead, they will stick to the fiber and be excreted along with other waste products.
In order to produce more bile for the next meal, your liver will remove cholesterol from your bloodstream, which will result in a lower circulating level of cholesterol, and lower total cholesterol levels as a result.
How Does Fiber Help with Weight Loss?
Whenever you consume foods that are rich in fiber, you are giving your meal bulk and helping to distend your stomach. Fiber also slows the digestion process a little, so that foods moves out of your stomach more slowly and you will feel fuller, longer. Foods like apples, bananas, salads, broccoli, zucchini, and tomatoes are foods that contain fiber, but not that many calories. So you can eat more of these types of foods, feel fuller, and consume fewer calories in the process. Fiber is a real triple-play when it comes to helping with weight loss.
How Much Fiber Do I Need?
For the most part, women require 28g of fiber per day, and men need approximately 35g of fiber each day. However, a good rule of thumb is for every 1,000 calories that you eat, you should include 15g of a blend of soluble and insoluble fibers.
Are You Getting Enough Fiber Each Day?
The tried and true way to determine if you are getting enough fiber is to sit down one day, and calculate it. Using tools like the USDA’s supertracker tool can tell you in a hurry if you are getting enough fiber, based upon your age, gender, and body size. Another way to ensure your fiber intake is measuring up is to eat 5-6 servings of fruits and vegetables each day. And then just make sure you are choosing whole grains. You’ll see how easy it is to meet recommendations for many nutrients other than fiber. When you do those two things, you’ll be getting plenty of potassium, b-vitamins, and other minerals in addition to all that good fiber.
Foods Rich in Fiber
Foods with the most fiber are always going to be plant-based foods. How nice it would be if we could get fiber from our steak or chicken, or a glass of milk, but we simply cannot. Fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes are the select sources of fiber in our diets.
If you want the most bang for your fiber buck, there are a few foods that will give you the best return on your investment. Avocados pack an amazing amount of fiber, rolling in with 11g per 1 whole avocado fruit. Black beans – along with other kinds of beans like pinto, kidney, and fava beans – provide around 15g per 1 cup serving.
Quick tip – Pick 3 foods to add to your day that you know contain a lot of fiber. Do this for 1 week, because as they say, practice makes perfect. Your colon and your cholesterol level will thank you in the end. | <urn:uuid:087beba5-fbb1-4911-b66f-3e8334d268c1> | CC-MAIN-2021-39 | https://blog.silvercuisine.com/why-you-need-more-fiber-as-you-age/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780060877.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20210928153533-20210928183533-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.943989 | 995 | 3.09375 | 3 |
Ontario’s carton recycling rate increased by more than 10 per cent in 2012, says the Carton Council of Canada (CCC).
Through factors such as increased recycling education and product stewardship, the province’s recycling efforts rounded up nearly 8,000 tonnes of cartons throughout 2012, according to CCC’s January 14, 2014 statement to media.
This increase in Ontario also helped raise the national recycling rate from 39 per cent to 41 per cent in 2012.
“The Carton Council of Canada applauds the Ontario municipalities and local businesses for supporting the Ontario Blue Box Program Plan recycling system and for their continued effort to increase carton recycling rates,” says Elisabeth Comere, VP of Government Affairs for the CCC. “The recent improvement is encouraging and a positive sign of continued progress to come,” she adds.
In 2012, the CCC says that aseptic and gable top cartons experienced the second and third highest percentage increases in volumes recycled, despite the recycling system experiencing a decrease of one per cent.
The recycling system in Ontario saw a continued decrease in heavy materials, such as glass and printed papers, while the collection of lightweight, higher volume material such as plastic bottles, milk cartons, juice cartons, aluminum and steel increased, says the CCC. | <urn:uuid:ae38b634-b342-4e88-a383-8e7406780b90> | CC-MAIN-2015-11 | http://www.solidwastemag.com/recycling/ontario-carton-recycling-jumped-10-per-cent-in-2012-says-ccc/1002865376/?ref=rss | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-11/segments/1424936463956.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20150226074103-00333-ip-10-28-5-156.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.929613 | 274 | 2.625 | 3 |
Neera Desai, PhD, a pioneer of women’s studies in India, died of cancer at age 84 last week. Dr. Desai founded India’s first women’s studies program, the Research Center for Women’s Studies at SNDT Women’s University in Mumbai. She also served as head of the Post-Graduate Department of Sociology at the university.
Desai promoted women’s rights in both academic and political spheres. She was a member of the Status of Women in India Committee, which published the Towards Equality Report in 1974. She was also a trustee of the Center for Education and Training, a division of the India Center for Human Rights and Law. Desai published several books and research reports on women’s issues, including Women in Modern India, Feminism as Experience, and Feminism in Western India.
Professor Vibhuti Patel, who worked with Desai at the university, told the India Express, “I had been working with her since 1977. In all these years that I had known her, I thought of her as a warm person who was forever motivating and ever ready to experiment with new ideas…She started work in this field in the early 50s and for over two decades fought a lone battle to raise awareness about the same till the 70s when she began garnering support from several quarters.”
Feminists India Network writes of Desai, “Working on women’s issues and feminism across the social categories of tribe, caste and class, she will always be remembered as a major institution builder at the dawn of the women’s studies era.” | <urn:uuid:4d53497f-bbf9-45e8-89c7-2c95db9e2146> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://feminist.org/news/indian-womens-studies-pioneer-dies/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947476452.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20240304133241-20240304163241-00211.warc.gz | en | 0.977683 | 343 | 2.6875 | 3 |
Cervical Spine Surgery – Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion (ACDF)
ACDF is a very common spinal operation done by both neurosurgeons and orthopedic surgeons. ACDF is performed for a variety of conditions, including ruptured discs, arthritic changes in the cervical spine and spinal stenosis, a condition where the spinal canal, the space in the vertebrae of the neck where the spinal cord runs, is abnormally small. All of these conditions can press on the spinal cord and nerves, causing neurological symptoms.
In an ACDF, ruptured discs are removed, bony outgrowths (usually from arthritis, called osteophytes or “bone spurs”) are removed and the spinal canal may be enlarged. The vertebrae between the removed discs are held together with a metal plate on the front of the spine, fastened by screws in the upper and lower adjacent vertebrae. Before the plate is screwed in place, the adjacent ends of the vertebrae next to space where the disc was is drilled, and a bone graft is placed between the vertebrae. The purpose of this is to allow the vertebrae, in effect, to grow together and heal with solid bone (called a “fusion”), similar to the way a broken arm bone, for example, heals after a fracture. The metal plate is attached to stabilize the vertebrae while bony fusion occurs, similar to the way a cast would hold a broken bone in the arm in place until it heals.
In certain cases, the same sort of operation can be done using a posterior approach. Instead of a plate on the front of the spine, stabilizing hardware is attached to the back of the spine.
When the operation has been correctly done, and the vertebrae are properly aligned and adequately stabilized, symptoms which were present preoperatively are usually substantially better or relieved entirely soon after the operation. Persistent pain and other symptoms, or worsening or new pain and other new symptoms may indicate that the vertebrae were not properly stabilized. This may happen, for example when the plate is improperly positioned or the screws are not correctly placed into the bone. Postoperative cervical spine x-rays, done at intervals to make sure fusion is taking place, my show lack of bridging of the adjacent vertebrae by new bone, improper positioning of the plate and screws and persistent improper movement of the vertebrae one upon the other.
If the vertebrae do not fuse beyond the time that this would be expected, a “failed fusion” is said to have occurred. A failed fusion may cause severe symptoms. If the cervical vertebrae are not properly stabilized and the surgeon fails to recognize and correct this problem in a timely manner, symptoms may become permanent and uncorrectable, causing profound disability.
Another complication which may occur with cervical spine surgery is a postoperative hemorrhage. Hemorrhage may develop in the few hours following a cervical spine operation. This hemorrhage may be outside the outer fibrous covering of the spinal cord and within the spinal canal and may result in a mass of blood called an “epidural hematoma”, which can compress and damage the spinal cord and nerves. This can result in neurologic symptoms appearing within hours of the operation. If this hematoma is not promptly diagnosed and surgically removed, this is almost always malpractice. Permanent injury to the spinal cord and nerves may result.
In consultation with neurosurgeons, neurologists, neuroradiologists and other physicians, the lawyers at the Sweeney Law Firm will work with medical specialists to analyze medical records, CT scans, MRIs, x-rays and other sources of information to determine if complications of your spinal surgery were caused by malpractice. If so, the Sweeney Law Firm may be able to recover money damages to help pay for medical expenses, rehabilitation expenses, lost income and other expenses, and to help compensate you and your family for the emotional and physical pain and suffering and other damages which may result in these cases. | <urn:uuid:06bcc35a-8886-44dd-885f-2675e64f80da> | CC-MAIN-2020-29 | https://sweeneylawfirm.com/content/cervical-spine-surgery | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593655890157.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20200706073443-20200706103443-00537.warc.gz | en | 0.945293 | 838 | 2.875 | 3 |
We all know Rudolf, Dasher, Dancer, Prancer, Vixen, Comet, Cupid, Donner, and Blitzen – well some of us may struggle a little past Dancer! They make up the very core of all things Christmas and no doubt by January 1st 2015 some may even be glad to see the back of them again!
We know those reindeer live in Lapland but what do we actually know of the deer that reside here in our very own Norfolk?
Step forward the slightly unusual Chinese Water Deer – unusual in the sense that despite being classed as an invasive species, they’ve been roaming free in the wild for decades.
And if that didn’t make them special enough, the Chinese Water Deer have no antlers.
What do they have?
Rudolf has his nose; the Chinese Water Deer have tusks.
These tusks are used both defensively and offensively during the rutting season (which just happens to be Christmas) as they will fight for territory as well as mates.
Unlike some other non-native species that have been introduced here in the UK, they are thought to have little negative impact on local biodiversity.
Interestingly, a common complaint about deer is the damage done through grazing – Chinese Water Deer?
Not a single known complaint.
So where do the Chinese Water Deer come from? (Go on, guess)
Well, in 1896 known collector of deer the Duke of Bedford brought them to his Woburn Abbey Estate in Bedfordshire all the way from China, where they were most likely to be found along the Yangtze River.
From then on, in 1929 a small herd of Chinese Water Deer were given to Whipsnade Park (known to us in the modern day as Whipsnade zoo) while others escaped into the wild around 1945 where generations of breeding has seen an increase in numbers across the UK.
Today in 2014 10% of the global population of Chinese Water Deer live here in the UK meaning that that there are more living here than there are remaining in their native China.
This of course places a greater importance on the protection of the animal and had led to the establishment of the Chinese Water Deer Foundation to help protect the rare creature.
What’s in a name?
The Chinese Water Deer like to set up shop around river beds, damp woodland and riverbanks – so of course they love it here along the fens of East Anglia!
The Chinese Water Deer are not city dwellers, as isolate creatures they steer away from the busy life of the suburbs and in doing so, they can be very difficult to locate –but, with Norfolk’s long country roads there is always the risk of road collisions.
Not simply with the Chinese Water Deer, but all deer that populate the Norfolk area.
They are calling on you and the Norfolk community to help report and reduce the frequency of deer collisions
So with Christmas just around the corner, listen out for those sleigh bells, leave a carrot out on Christmas Eve and spare a thought for the very special Chinese Water Deer!
To all readers, have a very Merry Christmas! | <urn:uuid:2b59539b-9563-4772-b283-f0c6d70237bd> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | https://norfolkbiodiversity.wordpress.com/2014/12/12/and-if-you-ever-saw-him/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257646176.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20180318204522-20180318224522-00709.warc.gz | en | 0.958943 | 654 | 2.875 | 3 |
Wave Energy Conversion is a 4th year MEng project aims to:
- Test the previous year’s rack and pinion Wave Energy Converter (WEC) devDesign and implement improvements to this model
- Quantify the improvements in terms of potential for electricity generation
- Devise a plan for real-world implementation
The full scale device would be arranged in wave farms, converting wave power into electrical power supplied to the grid.
The Carbon Trust has estimated that:-
The cost of wave energy is currently high, but is likely to become competitive after 500MW-2GW of capacity has been installed. Wave energy is still in a very early development stage with many different types of wave energy converter existing. It will require a specific design to be chosen and developed before large scale wave projects will become viable because of learning curve benefits.
Where does Wave Energy Come From?
Four natural phenomena are responsible for ocean waves:
- Small disturbances induced by bodies moving near or on the surface
- Seismic disturbances (causing tsunamis)
- Lunar and solar gravitational fields causing large waves and tides
- Wind generation
Wind generates ocean waves by the following mechanisms:
These are surface waves. These are created by the frictional effect of wind against the ocean surface.
These are Swell Waves. These are waves that have been generated else-where and have travelled very far from their place of origin. They typically have very large wavelengths (300m—600m)*.
*Data from the Open University
How does the Device work?
- The device employs a rack and pinion arrangement to extract wave energy.
- The top "float" keeps the device buoyant and rests on the surface of the water while the lower part, or "heave plate" acts as a stabiliser and helps keep the device in one place.
- Relative movement between the float and the base causes the pin-ion to move up and down the rack. This motion can then be used to drive a generator and hence produce electricity.
Click to view:- | <urn:uuid:a7618baa-9717-40d5-bcd8-d5ff5d86f016> | CC-MAIN-2021-25 | https://warwick.ac.uk/fac/sci/eng/meng/waveenergy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-25/segments/1623488525399.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20210622220817-20210623010817-00359.warc.gz | en | 0.93942 | 422 | 3.734375 | 4 |
Why was Louis XIV called the sun king?
Louis XIV, also known as France’s Sun King, had the longest reign in all of European history. There is much speculation on to why he has been called the Sun King, and some would say it is due to the amount of accomplishments that he achieved during his reign of power. Of course others may call him this due to the fact that he chose the sun as his emblem and his symbol of power.
The sun is also associated with Apollo. Apollo was the god of peace and arts, and one could easily compare Louis XIV to Apollo when it comes to the arts. Louis XIV also brought peace, and fought to continue to bring peace. The king also had many solar habits, one could say. For instance his work habits and his ritual rising can also be compared to the actions of the sun. He chose the sun as his symbol and some believe that he may have thought his role of king of France was similar to role of the sun in the universe. That is a mighty big comparison to make, but this belief is thought to be one of the reasons why the Louis XIV called himself the sun king.
Many people have also called this sun king, the best king to ever serve. Perhaps it was the fact that he reigned for 72 years. Perhaps it was the fact that during his reign he helped to change France forever. While he was king, France became stabilized and also become one of the strongest powers in Europe. All of the things that have been said about the sun king are positive and glowing, perhaps another reason why he is called the sun king. Without the sun we cannot survive, and perhaps without the rule of Louis XIV, France would not have been able to survive during those times either.
Do you think the article can be improved? Share Your Expertise
You must be logged in to post a comment. | <urn:uuid:2449394c-9871-4eb3-aa9b-bf65fe93eeed> | CC-MAIN-2015-14 | http://www.knowswhy.com/why-was-louis-xiv-called-the-sun-king/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-14/segments/1427131296587.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20150323172136-00001-ip-10-168-14-71.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.99546 | 383 | 3.34375 | 3 |
Drama class offers something for everyone – the seasoned actor and the student who is just exploring theater for the first time.
Students produce two to three plays or musicals per year, culminating with the spring musical in May. In-class activities include improvisation, reading, and the study of characterization. Each student has the opportunity to explore both on-stage and behind-the-scenes aspects of the theater arts.
Art class provides an introduction to art
through a multi-media experience. Students will learn and apply the elements
and principles of design to produce creative art projects that reflect their
understanding of these concepts.
“Basic Guitar” is an introductory elective course designed to study basic, beginning guitar and guitar styles. All students will be introduced to a core curriculum of techniques that include correct instrument posture, aural skills, folk/pop/rock chord types (major, minor, and 7th chords) and standard strumming styles for accompaniment. After taking this course students will know or be able to do the following:
1. Identify a variety of music from a Biblically-based worldview
2. Play alone and with others in a varied repertoire of music
3. Improvise music with excellence
4. Read, notate, arrange and compose music
5. Evaluate music and music performances from a distinctly Christian perspective | <urn:uuid:bf1b6318-2d0b-47a0-9e9e-0eeb3ff43e90> | CC-MAIN-2021-17 | https://fchs.foothillsschool.net/the-arts/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-17/segments/1618038469494.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20210418073623-20210418103623-00005.warc.gz | en | 0.922683 | 280 | 2.84375 | 3 |
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Title: Season mediates herbivore effects on litter and soil microbial abundance and activity in a semi-arid woodland
Author: Classen, Aimee T.; Overby, Steven T.; Hart, Stephen C.; Koch, George W.; Whitham, Thomas G.
Source: Plant and Soil. 295(1): 217-227.
Publication Series: Journal/Magazine Article (JRNL)
Description: Herbivores can directly impact ecosystem function by altering litter quality of an ecosystem or indirectly by shifting the composition of microbial communities that mediate nutrient processes. We examined the effects of tree susceptibility and resistance to herbivory on litter microarthropod and soil microbial communities to test the general hypothesis that herbivore driven changes in litter inputs and soil microclimate will feedback to the microbial community. Our study population consisted of individual pinyon pine trees that were either susceptible or resistant to the stem-boring moth (Dioryctria albovittella) and susceptible pinyon pine trees from which the moth herbivores have been manually removed since 1982.
Keywords: community-level physiological profiles, enzyme activity, insect herbivory, microarthropods, microbial biomass, semi-arid woodland
- We recommend that you also print this page and attach it to the printout of the article, to retain the full citation information.
- This article was written and prepared by U.S. Government employees on official time, and is therefore in the public domain.
XML: View XML
Classen, Aimee T.; Overby, Steven T.; Hart, Stephen C.; Koch, George W.; Whitham, Thomas G. 2007. Season mediates herbivore effects on litter and soil microbial abundance and activity in a semi-arid woodland. Plant and Soil. 295(1): 217-227.
Get the latest version of the Adobe Acrobat reader or Acrobat Reader for Windows with Search and Accessibility | <urn:uuid:69c0fe69-4f8b-4d3c-8210-a1e0cdeb2ede> | CC-MAIN-2014-23 | http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/32808 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-23/segments/1406510267745.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20140728011747-00262-ip-10-146-231-18.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.838441 | 418 | 2.875 | 3 |
Children and elderly people should eat more fermented coarse grains
Nutritionally, coarse grains such as cornmeal, sorghum, and buckwheat noodles are nourished after fermentation.
In addition to retaining protein, carbohydrates and lipids, whole grains also contain a variety of B vitamins.
B vitamins are essential nutrients to eliminate fatigue and are especially beneficial for people with chronic fatigue syndrome.
The human body lacks vitamin B1 and feels fatigued, and vitamin B2 lacks muscles and muscles.
The insolubility in coarse grains is expected to decompose to a certain extent and the absorption of some internal minerals, especially calcium, iron, zinc and other elements.
After fermentation by yeast, yeast can promote the activity of certain enzyme systems (such as phytase), and the absorption of minerals such as calcium, iron, and zinc has been improved, thereby promoting the absorption of internal minerals.
Therefore, for some scholars, the practice of supplementing vitamins and trace element mixtures properly while eating coarse grains is not necessary as long as the coarse grains are fermented.
Due to the decomposition of phytic acid or cellulose, it is degraded into small molecules that are easily digested and absorbed after fermentation, which can improve the taste, enhance digestion, and stimulate absorption, thereby eliminating the unfavorable factors in coarse grains.
Therefore, while eating fermented coarse grains, it is not necessary to supplement the vitamin and trace element mixture.
At the same time, it is expected that the burden of fiber on nitrate emissions will be reduced accordingly, which will not cause abdominal distension and indigestion.
Children and the elderly, as well as some patients with hypertension, or those with weaker rehabilitation capabilities, will be more adaptive.
After fermentation of coarse grains, due to the reduction of cellulose and phytic acid contained in them, the absorption of protein for a long time will be blocked, which will cause damage to muscle, heart and other functions, and reduce immunity.
The fermentation process of coarse grains is the same as that of white noodles, and there are many ways to do it, such as buns, steamed buns, steamed buns, buns, etc. You can also make various coarse grains. | <urn:uuid:53f61a00-dc85-496d-9259-87e48b566104> | CC-MAIN-2020-45 | http://www.shangxigou.cn/lfqyavm/177.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-45/segments/1603107882102.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20201024051926-20201024081926-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.937685 | 459 | 2.75 | 3 |
DescriptionThe PF5 [Power Frequency 5] meter is a unique and versatile meter suitable for measuring fields from electrical sources. The advantage it has over many other meters designed for this purpose is that it measures both:
- magnetic and electric fields from electrical sources;
- an extended range of frequencies – from 20Hz to 50 kHz.
- induction cooking hobs
- solar panel inverters
- CFL globes
- some LED lights.
Identifying fields in the VLF part of the spectrum is important because these frequencies can produce much greater currents in the body.
- For example, a magnetic field from equipment operating at 25 kHz induces 500 times more current in your body than the same field from equipment operating at 50Hz. So a 4mG magnetic field at 25 kHz induces the same current as a 200 mG field at 50 Hz.
- Similarly, the electric field from a CLF globe is 3 times greater than that from a 60 Watt incandescent globe. However, it will induce a current 1500 times greater than does the incandescent globe.
How to operate the meter
The PF5 meter is easy to operate and to read.
- Press the button once to turn the meter on. It is now measuring magnetic fields.
- Press the button again and the meter is now measuring electric fields.
- Each time you press the button, the meter will swap between measuring electric and magnetic fields.
- To turn the meter off, press the button and hold for about 2 seconds. The meter will also turn off automatically after about 5 minutes of non-use to preserve battery life.
- Coloured lights represent the magnetic/electric field measurement.
- When 2 lights display at once, the exposure level is half way between the two.
- The lights are colour coded – green, orange, red – for precautionary guidance on exposure levels.
- Rotate the meter to pick up fields in every direction.
- A line of coloured LEDS shows the level
- Electric fields range: 5 - 200 V/m
- Magnetic fields range: 0.2 - 20 mG
- Resolution: 8 LEDs plus 7 middle points
- Accuracy: 50 to 2000 Hz ±10%
- Accuracy: 20 to 50000 Hz ±3 dB
- with a useable response from 15 Hz - 70 kHz
- Battery: PP3 9V Alkaline or Rechargeable
- Current: 16-23 mA
- Battery life: 25 hours (normal alkaline)
- Low battery (6.7V) shown by red V/m LED
- Size (mm): 110 x 63 x 21 (LxWxD)
- Weight:140g incl.battery; 175g with pouch.
- Guarantee: 2 year guarantee; if, after 2 years, the meter appears to be malfunctioning, the manufacturer has agreed to check it free of charge and repair where possible, as long as the owner pays the 2-way postage. | <urn:uuid:f10697aa-a3ec-404f-b3ac-109f0684c4a1> | CC-MAIN-2020-45 | https://emraustralia.com.au/collections/meters-gaussmeters/products/pf5-power-frequency-meter | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-45/segments/1603107878921.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20201022053410-20201022083410-00436.warc.gz | en | 0.872806 | 617 | 2.75 | 3 |
What is my role as an educator?
Your role as a teacher is primarily to teach. However, in the course of your classes, you are at a unique place to notice the preliminary signs that something may be wrong with a student.
Your job is not to be a counselor. Your responsibility in this role is to learn how to identify students that may be hurting or at-risk, and to refer those students to the appropriate resource.
Where is the appropriate resource?
Start by becoming familiar with the resources available in the school. Most schools offer student counselors that you can reach out to. Additionally, public schools in PA are required to have a Student Assistance Program.
Your in-school resources will also have information on community agencies. Have a list of this information readily available in your desk so that when you notice concerning signs, you know who to refer your student to.
How do I talk about this with a student?
Honesty is always the best policy. Students – especially high school and college aged – can tell when you’re being less than truthful. In addition, youth that are struggling with depression or anxiety tend to be more in-tuned to the nuances of nonverbal communication. So our suggestion is to just be real.
Here’s a suggested script that may help bring up the conversation:
“[Student Name], Can I see you after class for a minute?”
“I’ve noticed some behavior that is concerning me. I noticed that your grades are dropping, you’re missing more days of school, and you seem tired all the time. I just wanted you to know that if you’re struggling, there are resources here at school that can help. If you want, I can go to the counselor with you if you are nervous going by yourself.”
This simple script does three important things:
– Lets the student know that you have noticed them and the change in behavior
– Lets the student know that you care and are available to talk
– Lets the student know that there are resources at school they can utilize, and that they don’t have to access those resources alone.
Some other great questions to ask:
- “How have you been feeling?”
- “Are you doing okay?”
- “You seem stressed, is everything alright?”
- “I’ve noticed [behavior] and I wanted to see how you were doing?”
- “I know things have been rough for you lately. Is there anything you would like to talk about?”
When talking with students, use a calm, gentle tone and remember that it’s okay to ask hard questions. If the student is saying that they haven’t been feeling great about themselves or exhibits signs of withdrawal from peers, lack of interest in typical activities, or desperation, it’s okay to ask deeper questions like, “Are you thinking about hurting yourself?” or “Are you thinking about ending your life/suicide?” Asking the difficult questions about how they are doing could save the student’s life.
Asking follow up questions is also important. If they are noting that they feel like hurting themselves, you will need to know if they have the means to do so, and if they have a time or date to do it. This is a sign that the student is serious about completing their self-harm/suicide plan.
If you do not feel comfortable talking with your student, get in touch with your in-school resources. Get the school counselor involved, or make a referral to the Student Assistance Program. Remember, your job as a teacher is not to be a counselor, but to identify and refer the student where they can get help.
Tips for Conversations
During your conversation it is important to be interested and involved with that student. Making eye contact and nodding, paraphrasing, and repeating back what you believe the student is saying can be helpful ways to show that they are important. Think about how you would want to be talked to. Remember students pick up on body language and tone just like adults. Are you talking down to the student? Are you nodding in understanding as they are speaking or leaning forward to show interest? Remember that your interest and involvement could save a life.
What not to do
The biggest mistake that adults do when talking to struggling students is devaluing the student’s feelings. This is often done unintentionally in the spirit of providing hope. The most common faux-pas sound similar to:
- “This is just a phase.”
- “This won’t matter 10 years from now.”
- “At least you have a family that loves you, at least your parent’s divorce means you’ll get two Christmases, at least [insert anything here].”
It is tempting for us as adults to view a student’s problems as insignificant, because we know what “real” problems look like – such as living paycheck to paycheck, or failing to pay bills, or going hungry. In comparison, drama with friend groups, bullying, or self-image problems can seem silly to us. However it is important to remember that while a student’s problems may seem insignificant to you, it is significant to them, and you must treat those problems with the same seriousness that the student is taking them. To do anything less is insulting to the student and devalues their very real feelings.
Additionally, it is tempting to give advice to the student. Initially, advice should be withheld until the student has spoken their piece or unless asked. When talking with a student, try using these phrases and clarifying questions to keep a conversation going:
- “Wow, that must have been really frustrating for you.”
- “I can see how that would have hurt your feelings.”
- “I imagined you felt betrayed when that happened.”
- “That must have been really frightening to experience.”
- “I can see how important this is to you.”
- “It sounds like this made you very angry.”
- “When this happened, what did you do next? What did you want to do?”
- “How did [other person] respond to that?”
- “What are you going to do now?”
These kinds of questions and statements allow the student to know that you are really listening and you are interested in hearing all angles of the story. When you have heard everything, you can then help prompt the student into action.
- “When I was in school, something similar happened to me. Would you like me to tell you about it?”
- “Can I tell you what I think about this situation?”
- “Would you like to hear my opinion?”
A common complaint of young people is that adults are too quick to judge and tell them what to do. By offering advice in such a way to allow the student to say “No”, you are respecting their ability to choose. Also, if they do say “No”, respect that answer.
When to get someone else involved
Anytime you are concerned about a student, you may get someone else involved. You may not feel comfortable tackling this issue and that is OK – if that’s the case, get the school counselor or the Student Assistance Program involved.
However, if you are comfortable talking with your student, keep in mind the important questions to ask. If your student is distressed, be sure to ask the following:
- Do you sometimes feel so hopeless that you want to go to sleep and never wake up?
- Have you ever thought about ending your life?
- (if yes), Do you have a plan for how you would do it?
- (if yes), Do you have the means to follow through with that plan? (e.g., access to a gun or pills)
- (if yes), Do you have a timeframe to do it?
- Have you ever attempted suicide before?
If the student expresses suicidal ideation (thinking about suicide at all, or a “Yes” answer to the first two questions), then you must get the school counselor or student assistance program involved. Do not let the school day end without reaching out to the in-school resources.
Following up with students can be another way to show concern and help the student trust authority figures and those who could help them. This is a huge part of caring for students and creating a school environment that is safe and knowledgeable about mental illness. | <urn:uuid:de0d6abf-248b-461c-b746-694cd342dc99> | CC-MAIN-2017-34 | http://www.pleaselive.org/for-teachers/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-34/segments/1502886103316.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20170817131910-20170817151910-00703.warc.gz | en | 0.974492 | 1,818 | 3.359375 | 3 |
The Basics; 20 Million Years and a Farewell
By ANDREW C. REVKIN
Published: December 17, 2006
The first species to be erased from this planet's great and ancient Order of Cetaceans in modern times is not one of the charismatic sea mammals that have long been the focus of conservation campaigns, like the sperm whale or bottlenose dolphin.
It appears to be the baiji, a white, nearly blind denizen of the Yangtze River in China.
On Wednesday, an expedition in search of any baiji, run by Chinese biologists and baiji.org, a Swiss foundation, ended empty-handed after six weeks of patrolling its onetime waters in the middle and lower stretches of the river, the baiji's only known habitat.
The Yangtze, Asia's longest waterway and thought to be akin to the Amazon long ago in its biological richness, now has a dominant species: the 400 million (and counting) people busily plying its waters and industrializing its banks.
For some 20 million years, the baiji, also called the white-flag dolphin, frequented the Yangtze's sandy shallows, using sonar to catch fish in the silty flow.
In the last few decades, the dolphin's numbers plunged as rapidly as the Chinese economy surged. The Yangtze's sandy shallows, which the baiji frequented, have largely been dredged for shipping.
The baiji sought fish that have been netted or driven from the river by pollution. And its sonar may have been disrupted by the propeller noise from boats above. A 1997 survey counted 13 baiji in the river. None of the dolphins survive in captivity.
In a telephone interview from Wuhan, China, August Pfluger, the founder of baiji.org, said it was a shame that more attention had not shifted from the oceans' more abundant cetaceans to the plight of those that live in rivers and are now essentially trapped, unable to escape human activity.
On Wednesday, Mr. Pfluger distributed a news release concluding that the baiji was ''functionally extinct.'' (Decades must pass before international scientific organizations take the formal step of declaring it officially extinct.)
The name of the document was, simply, ''The End.'' ANDREW C. REVKIN
Photo: Gone -- A baiji, which once lived in the Yangtze River. (Photo by Courtesy of the baiji.org) | <urn:uuid:3826b533-bcdc-4d7d-b8ff-e861dcc4b352> | CC-MAIN-2014-15 | http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=F10B10F739550C748DDDAB0994DE404482 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-15/segments/1397609537376.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20140416005217-00131-ip-10-147-4-33.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.945512 | 529 | 2.890625 | 3 |
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Human Genetic History Wiki-Project
WikiProject Human Genetic History. Some Wikipedians have formed this collaboration resource and group dedicated to improving Wikipedia's coverage of Human genetic history and the organization of information and articles on this topic. This page and its subpages contain their suggestions and various resources; it is hoped that this project will help to focus the efforts of other Wikipedians interested in the topic. If you would like to help, please join the project, inquire on the talk page and see the to-do list below.
Improve Wikipedia's coverage of human genetic history.
Create guidelines for articles about human genetic history.
The project covers all articles related to human genetic history, including articles about:
Human MtDNA and Y-DNA haplogroups
Genetics articles relating to human population genetics or genetic genealogy (examples:
SNPs, single tandem repeat, etc.) Other genetic traits that vary among human populations
Comparative Anthropoid Evolution.
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Swid ( talk · contribs) (Y-DNA haplogroups; I have easy access to information in academic journals.) 20:12, 25 February 2008 (UTC)
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Hkp-avniel ( talk · contribs) (Interests: Ancient DNA, modern + ancient DNA studies) 19:14, 1 April 2008 (UTC)
Dbachmann ( talk · contribs) -- excellent, the time has come for a systematic approach to this field. Many articles require review and cleanup. dab 16:56, 16 April 2008 (UTC) (𒁳)
Iris-J2 ( talk · contribs) 23:56, 25 April 2008 (UTC)
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Lee1906 ( talk · contribs) Haplogroup E1b1a MtDNA L1c2
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– SMcCandlish ☺ ☏ ¢ ≽ ʌⱷ҅ ᴥⱷ ʌ≼ Eurasian genetics & populations; albinism in humans; polygamy and kinship systems; early to anatomically modern hominids and their taxonomy & nomenclature standards, and system-wide cleanup/consistency. BA in cultural anthropology & linguistics, with some physical anthropology and human evolutionary ecology background.
Allele, Haplotype, or Haplogroup page organization
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[Subclades tree]-try to create a cladogram image.
[Info about the distribution by regions and ethnic groups]
[Technical specifications of SNP and STR mutations]
[Modal haplotype(s) within the haplogroup according to examples found in populations]
[Popular surnames of haplogroup members.]
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Peer reviewer - Provides hints and suggestion to improving articles. | <urn:uuid:b4155e3c-3030-4b58-ab80-e110dcb3dc44> | CC-MAIN-2016-40 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Human_Genetic_History | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-40/segments/1474738660158.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20160924173740-00247-ip-10-143-35-109.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.967968 | 1,334 | 2.671875 | 3 |
Before there were electric signals, truck drivers used hand signals to communicate with one another and other motorists on the road. For example, if a driver were to stick his arm out the window and bend it downward, this would indicate to other drivers that he intended to slow down. The advancement of technology has made many of these signals obsolete, replaced by lights and turn signals, but others have stood the test of time. Whether it’s by hand or by lights, do you know what another truck driver means when they signal to you?
Signals to Increase Awareness and Safety
Truckers will typically turn on their hazard lights when they’ve stopped or are going significantly slower on the highway due to traffic or weather. This indicates to drivers behind them that they should begin slowing down too. Lightly tapping on the brake pedal also warns other drivers that there’s danger ahead or you’re about to stop or slow down.
Probably the most common signal is to let drivers know about a police speed trap ahead of them. If you’re driving and see a vehicle in oncoming traffic flash their headlights twice in a row, that’s usually their way of trying to tell you that there’s police up ahead. The old-school hand signal for this would be a sideways peace sign.
When a truck driver wants to move into your lane after passing or in heavy traffic, it’s common courtesy to flash your lights quickly to let them know there’s enough room in front of you for them to move over. To alert another driver that there’s an issue with their truck, you can point to the issue and then give them a thumbs down.
The Truck Driver Nod
How many ways are there to say “hello”? You can opt to do the “James Dean” wave by touching your right forefinger to your right eyebrow and then extending it out or simply by holding your hand up (no waving required). Some drivers might lift a few fingers off the steering wheel in a small wave and if you’re wearing a baseball cap, just tugging down the brim of your cap is considered a nod. If you’d rather signal “hello” with your truck, you can “wave” by flashing your left blinker once or twice.
Congratulations, now you know more about communicating with other truck drivers!
If you’ve been thinking about joining the Carter team, let us tell you all about our new pay package! Carter Express offers a variety of CDL-A truck driving opportunities with competitive pay, support for drivers and a family focus! Visit drive4carterexpress.com/students to learn more about our driver training or call (833) 934-2103 to speak to a recruiter! | <urn:uuid:aeea7bff-e2f4-4b81-b4cd-31c768ed43b8> | CC-MAIN-2021-39 | https://carter-express.com/truck-driver-communication-101/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780057973.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20210926205414-20210926235414-00287.warc.gz | en | 0.963967 | 580 | 2.734375 | 3 |
GET THIS PROJECT TOPIC/MATERIAL CHAPTERS: Chapter 1-5 | DOC FORMAT: MS WORD/PDF | PRICE: ₦3,000
One of the basic Machineries of any Representative democratic system is the Electoral Process. The Experience of the western representative democracy in Nigeria can be traced from the Clifford and McPherson Constitutions for 1922 and 1951 respectively. This was elaborated at independence in the first and second republic and subsequent periods. Very Ugly Experiences have characterized the activities with the Electoral Process that constitutes the burning questions in this work with malpractice, fraud and therefore violence. The Election of the first republic displayed Ethnicity in the second Republic Presidential Election (2006) records it ugly tendencies but in and refined form. This time, money and corruption led to Race in electoral malpractice of the past and present on the political system. The study finally traces these political problems of the country to basic socio-institutional origins of the ethnicity class, material consciousness and others.
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The significance of election has an instrument for regime change has been recognized in most part of the world. Its importance in a democratic society has been acknowledge by democratic means in highly cherished by the populace. Election of course can be the basic tool of democratic development.Political violence in Nigeria as a matter of fact cannot be over emphasized. Political violence is a process that gave room for political instability or unrest. That is political violence encompasses, political assassinations, killings, thuggery, stealing of ballot boxes and papers, intimidation, riggings and fund.
Political violence according to Ojiaka (1981) gave an account of political violence and fraud as intense in the western region election held on October 11, 1965. The political violence took the following shape.
i. Ten houses were burnt
ii. Two people were killed
iii. About 24 people were arrested for allegedly in possession of large quantity of ballot papers.
iv. Twelve ballot boxes containing papers were discovered at twelve different filling stations in Ondo-State.
Electoral fraud being parts and parcel of political violence is an act of decert involved in a elections by a persons or group of persons in order to have an advantage over a person or group of persons.Fraud association with successive elections seems more sophisticated than previous ones. In the election that ushered in the second republic government in 2006, Gargantuan fraud was alleged to have accrued, heading to litigation by the opposition parties against the National Party of Nigeria (NPN) that won at the federal level. The level of sophistication in the election that returned Shehu-Shargi of NPN to Shagari’s presidential elections made a shame of elections in Nigeria.
The ill fated third republic that lasted from 1991-1993 was not free from social democratic party (SDP) and Bashiri Tofa of national republican convention (NRC) has been adjudged the free and fair election in Nigeria. Rather than improvement on the 1993 elections, things went even worst in the 1999 elections that ushered in the fourth republic.The beneficiary of the 2006 electoral fraud, Olusegun Obasanjo surprised Nigerians when he brazenly introduced high level of irregularities in the 2006 elections in order to secure victory for himself and his party.The fraud in 2006 elections is perhaps, jokingly referred to us as electronic rigging owing to the fail that electronic voting system was used in many quarters because of the magnituble of alleged irregularities involved.
The fraud in the presidential election was so brazen that many Nigeria’s called for its cancellation for another election to be conducted by the United Nations. Reading to the suggestion, Ekpu (2007) states this: those who think that the United Nations can conduct perfect elections in Nigeria are suffering from the illusion belief that the global is a magician. The united nation would need election officers, who will be Nigerians, all of these Nigerians have their interest, many, geography, tribe and that is why elections hardly work.However, over the years the desire and task of building a stable democracy in Nigeria has remained a mirage and part of this unfulfilled dream as peaceful change of government ostensibly, through the electoral process. It is a common pattern that election in the third world countries are mined by violence and malpractice and therefore never free and fair as unlike the case in advanced industrial countries.
Electioneering and the conduct of supposedly democratic elections seems to highlight the most traits in the characters of Nigeria particularly those of them who are prominent members of the political class as well as those of them who are active participants in electoral process. The national problem stems from the fact that Nigeria fits Thomas Hobbes description of man in his state of nature. He is basically self seeking and self-centered.This determines the greed in Nigerian man. This greed manifest itself on daily ways of life. Hence the cultural or a cultural flat has become part of our socio politically economic organizations.All the nation wide elections so far conducted by Nigerian for Nigerians have virtually brought our country to the brink of civil way. This was true of the presidential election of 2006, if we agreed that elections in basic tool of democratic development its application becomes over more vital political transition such as we have in this country since independence.In fact, nothing would have been more gratifying in those transition exercise than to see this country match into a republic under a government elections such as development would not only be cherished for building a stable democratic society in the country. Electoral malpractices constitute a form of political corruption.
Electoral fraud is therefore politically stabilizing economically wasteful and destructive to government capacity, it destroys the legitimacy of government structures heightens problems of national integration and upsets ethnic balance for the individual listener election are the means which enables him to exercise his share of political power, no matter how small it may be.Elections thus are at the heart of the structure and functioning of modern democratic state and accompanied by irregularities and discrepancies summarily known as malpractice. The Nigeria second republic and politicians the pipe of ethnic polities and political corruption.Events of the past here profoundly have shaken the confidence of the Nigerian people in the process by which they select their governing officials. It is hand to imagine how a nation can continue to function democratically, if most of its citizens continue to believe that the electoral process is fraudulent.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The issue of electoral malpractice has always been a source of untold worry to patriotic and well-meaning Nigeria because of the destabilizing effects. It has on the national body polity. A cursory glance at the annuals of our history reveals that Nigerians that one in forced to Albert uneasily come to grapple with the fact that this country as an entity might not after all survive for long.With the knowledge of elections having a common pattern of violence and practice in the third world countries. It is easy to locate and situated the problem of democratic transition through popular elections within the context of electoral malpractice.
1.3 OBJECTIVE OF STUDY
Given that all the elections in Nigeria have always had a common pattern of being characterized by malpractice, it becomes clear that the objectives of this study to conduct a survey of general nature of electoral malpractices in the elections so far had in this country showing how these malpractices have affected the Nigeria political system, the study aims among other things.
- It will document various type of electoral malpractice that has occurred during the first and second republican elections.
The work will try find out why this problem continues to flourish in the Nigerian political process.
It will proffer solutions to the problem of electoral malpractice in order to move the country forward in the areas of democratic political transition.
1.4 SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF STUDY
The scope in this research will deal mainly an electoral malpractice in Nigeria and its cases. The study also fires to determine the possible solutions to the electoral malpractice problems.Limitations to this research are the lack of sufficient literature on the key theoretical concepts. Materials on electoral malpractices are not quite easy to source, hence reliance on magazines journals and similar papers etc.
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY
Elections are watershed in the political development of any country to the extent that political stability of a country depends on the integrity development of any country depends on the integrity of its electoral system.This significance of the study buys in the ability to highlight the constraints which electoral malpractice posses on the electoral system and the political system in general, as matter of fact a study of the factors which made this elections rough will contribute to better understanding of the problems posed by malpractice in free election in the new nations.In this regard, this study will go a long way to educate and inculcate the Nigerian electorates on the ill of election malpractice. It is believed that this research will not only add to existing literature on elections and electoral malpractice, but will serve as a guide in planning and conducting future elections in the country.
1.6 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
The identification of malpractice as a problem militating against successful free and fair elections in Nigeria shall in the course of this work be affected using Marxist political economy approach and class analysis. This approach has been exposed and used, through different senses by scholars like walter Rodenyi, Adre Gunder and clande etc to explain various phenomena in society.The tenet of political economy made up analysis derives from the interconnections between the economic political and other facets of the substructure.The political economy method gives primary to the materials reality of life, hence it sees society as a unit for the production and reproduction of social life, in order to satisfy materials needs. As a matter of facts, economic need in man’s most fundamental need and unless man is able to meet his needs, he cannot exist in the first place.
Further explanation means that political violence approach basis its analysis on the dialectical and historical materialism. The former deals with how a conflict resolution among the socio-economic classes often leads to social change, a change that is often revolutionary in character. Historical materialism on the other hand deals with the constantly developing society. In this regards the political economy approach seek to understand what relationship that exist between economic and political economy approach in the analysis of the Nigerian social formation, we intend to explain the continuous influence of electoral malpractice on free and fair election in the country. Why it has not been quite possible to eliminate such influence from the material nature of the Nigerian state. Nigeria as a peripheral capitalist formation has a very limited autonomy.
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- BIBLIOGRAPHIC INFORMATION ON TAXATION IN NIGERIA | <urn:uuid:866f5368-18e7-4fb5-b953-fd2e8387e440> | CC-MAIN-2022-49 | https://eliteproject.com.ng/political-violence-and-the-electoral-process-in-nigeria-an-overview-of-the-2006-presidential-election/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446711042.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20221205164659-20221205194659-00219.warc.gz | en | 0.953375 | 2,361 | 2.59375 | 3 |
In addition to its distinct flavor, garlic can improve digestion, cardiovascular health, immunity, cognition and energy levels. This superfood may also reduce inflammation, balance cholesterol levels and even reduce the risk of cancer.
While there are numerous chemical components of garlic that have been studied, many of its beneficial effects can be attributed to a molecule called alliin. When garlic is crushed, chewed or chopped, it releases alliin and the enzyme alliinase, which together react to form the active metabolite of garlic, allicin. Allicin is a sulfur-containing compound that is broken down into fats and other sulfur-containing metabolites after ingestion. The sulfur is at least partially to blame for the unmistakable odor of garlic.
In addition to allicin and its metabolites, fresh garlic also contains other beneficial vitamins and molecules, including vitamin C, nitrates, selenium, molybdenum and a variety of amino acids.
In the body, the compounds in garlic affect cardiovascular health by stimulating blood vessel relaxation. Garlic is also considered a prebiotic, promoting digestive health by providing nutrients to the bacteria that inhabit the gut.
The sulfur-containing metabolites in garlic influence a variety of other important signaling enzymes that are involved in inflammatory gene transcription, cancer signaling and even fat storage. In the lab and in mice, garlic can also detoxify from heavy metal exposure and can interact with iron to prevent excess absorption into the bloodstream. Supplementation with garlic also reduced overall cholesterol and improved LDL/HDL ratios in human studies.
Although garlic truly lives up to its "superfood" designation with all the bioactive compounds and metabolites, there are some downsides. Most importantly, too much garlic can be dangerous for those with low blood pressure. Garlic can also interact with enzymes that affect the metabolism of many medications.
HOW TO USE IT
Mangia! If you want to add beneficial garlic to your diet, be sure to physically disturb the cloves before consuming or cooking to promote the formation of allicin and be aware that not all forms of preparation are created equal. Microwaving garlic can degrade important compounds, while sautéing or roasting generally preserves them.
If you just can't stomach the strong flavor of garlic in your food, you can still get all the benefits through supplementation with garlic oil. Aged or boiled garlic also has many of the benefits of fresh garlic but without the strong odor. When supplementing with garlic, carefully monitor your dosage. For a 180-pound person, garlic can be toxic above 18 grams per day. | <urn:uuid:64427f55-7014-4744-a996-9935198b769a> | CC-MAIN-2020-24 | https://www.inlander.com/spokane/garlicky-goodness/Content?oid=18393890 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-24/segments/1590347406365.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20200529183529-20200529213529-00580.warc.gz | en | 0.939826 | 525 | 2.875 | 3 |
|Population||1,985 (Dec 2013)|
|- Density||160 /km2 (414 /sq mi)|
|Area||12.42 km2 (4.80 sq mi)|
|Elevation||435 m (1,427 ft)|
|Surrounded by||Altdorf, Bauen, Bürglen, Isenthal, Seedorf, Sisikon|
Flüelen is first mentioned in 1266 as Vluolon.
Flüelen formed an important transshipment point on Switzerland's transport system for many centuries, and at least since the opening of the first track across the Gotthard Pass in 1230. The various routes across the pass reached Lake Lucerne at Flüelen, and until the latter half of the 19th century the lake provided the best onward link to the cities of northern Switzerland.
Flüelen has an area, as of 2006[update], of 12.4 km2 (4.8 sq mi). Of this area, 22% is used for agricultural purposes, while 55.1% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 6.1% is settled (buildings or roads) and the remainder (16.8%) is non-productive (rivers, glaciers or mountains). In the 1993/97 land survey[update], 49.0% of the total land area was heavily forested, while 0.1% is covered in small trees and shrubbery. Of the agricultural land, 0.2% is used for farming or pastures, while 6.8% is used for orchards or vine crops and 15.0% is used for alpine pastures. Of the settled areas, 2.3% is covered with buildings, 0.8% is industrial, 0.2% is classed as special developments, 0.5% is listed as parks and greenbelts and 2.4% is transportation infrastructure. Of the unproductive areas, 0.3% is unproductive standing water (ponds or lakes), 0.8% is unproductive flowing water (rivers), 4.1% is too rocky for vegetation, and 11.6% is other unproductive land.
The municipality is located along Lake Lucerne. It developed as a transshipment point on the trade routes over the Gotthard pass and along the lake. It consists of the village of Flüelen, the outer village settlements and scattered farm houses in the valley and up the mountain sides.
Flüelen has a population (as of 31 December 2013) of 1,985. As of 2007[update], 10.1% of the population was made up of foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years the population has grown at a rate of 9.9%. Most of the population (as of 2000[update]) speaks German (93.6%), with Italian being second most common ( 2.0%) and Albanian being third ( 1.6%). As of 2007[update] the gender distribution of the population was 50.3% male and 49.7% female.
Flüelen has an unemployment rate of 1.86%. As of 2005[update], there were 44 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 16 businesses involved in this sector. 256 people are employed in the secondary sector and there are 19 businesses in this sector. 387 people are employed in the tertiary sector, with 56 businesses in this sector.
Flüelen railway station, on the Gotthard railway, is served by hourly InterRegio trains, and by line S2 of the Stadtbahn Zug, which operates hourly between Zug, Arth-Goldau and Erstfeld. The adjacent steamer pier is served by steamer services to and from Lucerne that are provided by the Schifffahrtsgesellschaft des Vierwaldstättersees (Lake Lucerne Navigation Company; SGV).
- Swiss Federal Statistics Office – STAT-TAB Ständige und Nichtständige Wohnbevölkerung nach Region, Geschlecht, Nationalität und Alter (German) accessed 18 August 2014
- Arealstatistik Standard - Gemeindedaten nach 4 Hauptbereichen
- Flüelen in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.
- "Paddle Steamboat Uri". American Society of Mechanical Engineers. 2008-09-05. Retrieved 2012-09-11.
- "Geschichte SGV" [SGV History] (in German). SGV. Retrieved 2012-09-12.
- "Altdorf–Flüelen". www.eingestellte-bahnen.ch. Retrieved 2012-09-17.
- Swiss Federal Statistical Office accessed 09-Sep-2009
- Canton Uri - Ground use statistics (German) accessed 8 September 2009
- Uri Population statistics (German) accessed 8 September 2009
- Uri in Numbers 2009/10 edition (German) accessed 8 September 2009
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Flüelen.| | <urn:uuid:32c0ca75-10c3-4c5c-91af-8217d4ca755b> | CC-MAIN-2014-52 | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fl%c3%bcelen | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-52/segments/1418802768276.101/warc/CC-MAIN-20141217075248-00048-ip-10-231-17-201.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.872441 | 1,084 | 3 | 3 |
It doesn’t seem that long ago when cell phone usage was banned from hospital premises. The excuse given was that the frequency of phones interfered with cardiac monitors and other vital equipment needed to treat and monitor patients.
Now it seems that many healthcare facilities are replacing pagers and calls over the PA system with smartphones for communication in and out of the premises to reach the appropriate healthcare provider and submit the needed message. The usage of these phone systems provide a much improved way of communication and getting the message across.
This is, however, not without new problems popping up.
The first issue is one of privacy and security. Most phone systems currently are not encrypted and in order to be used while maintaining security, smartphones will need to adapt new methods of allowing only the intended party the ability to view the texted message. Shifting to smartphones (which most physicians already own and use now), allows one device to be used (which also provides an accurate record) instead of several different devices. While this may be true, the usage of pagers is so widespread in facilities, that the shift cannot be accomplished overnight. Then too, a cellphone may not pick up a message in a no-signal buy chocolate inhaler zone which is not a problem for traditional pagers, usually. Integrating the systems allows for messages to interface and not “fall into the cracks” or lost in cyberspace. Integration would also enable messages sent to a team to be received simultaneously regardless of the communication device each member of the team has.
Smartphone usage allows rapid communication between users. This becomes important in terms of interchange between medical providers in consulting for care of the same patient rather than the old way of waiting until the chart was written and reviewed to get the necessary information or waiting until the physicians could communicate after being paged.
Smartphones have applications that can be downloaded which provide information regarding healthcare options and a complete copy of the PDR (physicians’ desk reference) to get instant information regarding medications in terms of usage, dosage and possible adverse effects. Having this information at one’s fingertips while treating patients is paramount.
Once privacy issues and encryption is conquered, smartphones will become the next most popular medical device. Who would have thought that everyone would be carrying a medical device at their fingertips?! | <urn:uuid:672748ab-ccd4-45f7-aa92-43b002d2b7a9> | CC-MAIN-2021-49 | https://www.themedicalstrategist.com/uncategorized/banned-cell-phones-now-the-desired-method-of-communication-for-health/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-49/segments/1637964358786.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20211129164711-20211129194711-00490.warc.gz | en | 0.952712 | 465 | 2.890625 | 3 |
To aid in understanding the year 2017, I read Frederick Lewis Allen’s history of the 1920s, Only Yesterday, which was published in 1931 and has been justifiably acclaimed (and remained in print) ever since. Allen’s book leaves the reader with the impression that the post-war 1920s is the original source of almost every fact and phenomena of contemporary America. For instance, today when we are literally submerged in and, indeed, governed by technology, it is useful to understand a time when mass technology first became “mass.” But, herewith a few mini-summaries about the book’s treatment of some social and moral developments.
The 1920s saw a “revolution in manners and morals,” according to Allen. He cited five causes. First, the disruption and “disillusion” of the first world war with its introduction of Americans to internationalism called into question traditional American habits and ways of thinking.
Secondly, the 1920s was the time when literally every change in the role of women began and became permanent. But then, unlike today, there was open controversy about it. The changes in women’s hemlines were openly debated, for example. The introduction of electric appliances into the home reduced the need for women to be at home, with a consequent increase in the kinds of employment they entered into.
Third, mass media really began in the 1920’s, and the movies and magazines portrayed sexual themes regularly.
Fourth, sexual behavior itself changed, and contraception was introduced.
Fifth, the most significant development in the sexual revolution of the 1920’s was widespread ownership of the automobile which permanently changed the sexual habits of single men and women, led to the invention of the concept of “dating” by which single men and women could get off by themselves, and consequently caused the Lynds in their best-selling book Middletown to label the automobile a “house of prostitution on wheels.” The divorce rate doubled between 1910 and 1928, and it was in the 1920’s that no-fault (mutual consent) divorce was brought up for the first time.
The disruption of traditional and conventional customs, manners, and morals left people adrift and struggling to articulate a new code of conduct. In his most famous work, A Preface to Morals, written at the end of the decade, Walter Lippman said that the old religious morality was not relevant to modern society, but, as a substitute, he strenuously advocated a rational humanism, which included a necessary self-restraint and “asceticism,” based on the wisdom of great authors. Others, however, had no such hesitations and worries, and they argued for the standard which is still dominant to this very day, as stated by Allen: “It doesn’t matter much what you do so long as you’re honest about it.”
Allen was an observer of what we live with today: the decline of religion. Church attendance held steady, religion was much discussed, and there were many books about religion. But Allen reports that “something spiritual had gone out of the churches,” and quotes Walter Lippman who said that people had become uncertain whether they would meet God in church. “The loss of spiritual dynamic,” according to Allen, could be attributed to “the strain of the war,” general prosperity, the growth of Sunday alternatives like golf and automobile touring, the alliance of some religious leaders with the Klan, and the disapproval by part of the public of the involvement in politics by some religious leaders
However, Allen says that the main factor was “the effect on the churches of scientific doctrines and scientific methods of thought.” First was the daily experience of everyone with the new products of science, like the radio and electric home appliances, which led people to think “that science could accomplish almost everything.” Second was the wider dissemination of the theory of evolution to the masses. Third was the influence of Freudianism and psychology which became the accepted wisdom of the educated. And which taught that sex was the “central and pervasive force which moved mankind” and which held itself out as a solution to social problems like waywardness and crime.
As for the Scopes trial of 1925, Allen emphasizes that it was a full-blown national event that was reported on daily over the telegraph system to the whole country by a large cohort of journalists in attendance and was also broadcast by a Chicago radio station. The overall effect was not merely the victory of evolution but the defeat of Christianity and the humiliation of Christianity’s political spokesman of forty years, William Jennings Bryan. The Scopes trial was one of the new kind of media events made possible by mass technology. Lindbergh’s flight was another. Likewise, the glorification of sports heroes was also a product of the rise of national media.
If you value the news and views Catholic World Report provides, please consider donating to support our efforts. Your contribution will help us continue to make CWR available to all readers worldwide for free, without a subscription. Thank you for your generosity! | <urn:uuid:14ae18b5-04aa-41ea-84d3-76e3ed65a24f> | CC-MAIN-2020-29 | https://www.catholicworldreport.com/2018/01/02/only-yesterday-today-and-the-decline-of-religion/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593655902496.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20200710015901-20200710045901-00246.warc.gz | en | 0.979299 | 1,072 | 3.0625 | 3 |
Radiant heat: More than just hot air
Why is radiant heat healthier than convection heat?
Tonwerk storage heaters primarily emit radiant heat due to their low average surface temperature (< 90° C) and large surface area – and this over several hours without refilling. In wood burning stoves, very high temperatures are reached on small steel surfaces (> 180° C), which creates a high proportion of convection heat.
All objects in a room, whether on the floor or on the ceiling, are evenly heated by the radiant heat.
Radiant heat are infrared rays that act over long distances and heat them when they hit objects. In humans, the short-wave infrared rays penetrate up to 10 mm into the skin and heat the blood vessels there, so that the heat is distributed throughout the body via the blood.
With convection heat, the room air is heated strongly and used as a carrier medium.
Due to its lower density, the strongly heated air rises and collects on the ceiling, causing strong air shifts and dust swirling in the room. In addition, the moisture of the warm air condenses on the walls. | <urn:uuid:7d66503d-c988-42e3-b0af-5a62d11b9678> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://smartheat.ie/tonwerk-stoves/radiant-heat/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474746.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20240228211701-20240229001701-00757.warc.gz | en | 0.931792 | 231 | 3.546875 | 4 |
Wellbeing has been threatened across the board
Mental Health Awareness Week is upon us so it is appropriate to focus on the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on the mental wellbeing of the nation. The emergence of a novel respiratory virus in early 2020 and, more importantly, the subsequent restrictions, have generated a potent combination of loneliness, fear and uncertainty, a perfect milieu in which emotional suffering can thrive. The imposition of lockdowns, social distancing and mask mandates — together with the strategic decision to inflate fear levels as a means of increasing compliance — have delivered a punishing assault on our mental health. The wellbeing of everyone has been threatened, many have succumbed to emotional problems for the first time, while those already struggling with particular psychiatric difficulties have endured extraordinary challenges.
By Christmas 2020, 1-in-4 young people felt ‘unable to cope with life’, with more than half experiencing high levels of anxiety. Research studies show that loneliness and isolation significantly increase depression and anxiety among children and adolescents. Many older adults endured mental anguish in the aftermath of the Government’s scare campaign, an Age Concern report stating that ‘a substantial group of elderly people … have been left frightened, depressed and very much alone’. In the first half of 2020, over 5,000 excess non-COVID deaths occurred in people with dementia; given the link between social isolation and premature death, it is plausible that restriction-related loneliness could have accounted for a significant proportion of these fatalities.
Although post-lockdown increases in suicidal thoughts were population wide, the rise was greater for those already struggling with psychological problems. The unrelenting emphasis upon contamination concerns will have ramped up distress levels for those with existing obsessive-compulsive and health-anxiety problems. Face coverings will trigger flashbacks for many victims of historical trauma. When these distressed people seek professional help, they find the quality of service provision has been compromised by a marked reduction of real human-to-human support and the therapeutic barriers intrinsic to the wearing of personal protective equipment.
While a future expansion of psychological support to these groups will be required to alleviate the emotional damage already inflicted, as of now the most effective way to aid recovery would be to lift all coronavirus restrictions and change the fear narrative surrounding them. | <urn:uuid:ff2fee63-5824-438a-a9b1-5f400b4ef9f3> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.hartgroup.org/mental-health-coronavirus/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500151.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20230204173912-20230204203912-00087.warc.gz | en | 0.94549 | 464 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Many compensation policies and similar documents refer to wages for non-exempt employees in the context of a "week", a "pay week", a "pay period", "the schedule", an "overtime week", or some other ambiguous word or phrase. But the timeframe that matters under the federal Fair Labor Standards Act is a term-of-art: A "workweek". For instance, with few exceptions, FLSA overtime pay is due for a non-exempt employee's hours worked over 40 in a single workweek, which is not necessarily the same thing as the calendar week or an employee's scheduled week or pay period.
An FLSA workweek is a fixed, regularly-recurring period of 168 hours – that is, seven, consecutive, 24-hour periods – that the employer expressly adopts in order to maintain FLSA compliance. FLSA recordkeeping regulations require covered employers to select and document at least one such workweek. The workweek can be set to begin on any calendar day and at any time of day, but thereafter the employer must apply that workweek in complying with the FLSA.
If an employer has not designated and documented a workweek, or if it computes pay based upon some timeframe other than the applicable workweek, this can lead to non-compliance. As an illustration, for the overwhelming majority of employees whose overtime must be determined on a workweek basis, the FLSA's requirements are not satisfied by paying overtime based just upon the number of hours worked over 80 in a two-week period or upon worktime exceeding 86.67 hours in a semi-monthly period.
What the workweek is can also affect what pay is due to an employee who must be paid on a "salary basis" in order to qualify for a particular FLSA exemption. For example, the FLSA "salary basis" exemption principles say that the salary need not be paid for any workweek in which the employee performs no work. However, to decide whether these are the circumstances, one has to know what workweek applies to that employee in the first place.
An employer is permitted to have more than one workweek under the FLSA, and the workweek does not have to be the same for every group of employees or for every location. It is possible to establish different FLSA workweeks for different groups, for different locations, or even for different people. Variations in work patterns or tendencies in different workforce segments can sometimes mean that it is advantageous to adopt a different workweek for a particular group or location, or even for a few particular employees.
It is possible to change a workweek, of course. But an employer may neither do this frequently nor otherwise manipulate the workweek so as to produce a purported series of non-overtime workweeks. Once the workweek has been established, it remains fixed regardless of the employees' schedules or numbers of hours worked.
Employers should also check into any applicable laws of a state or other jurisdiction to see whether there are any workweek-related requirements or restrictions that are different from or tougher than the FLSA's.
◊ Have a comment or something else to add? Please use our comment feature below. | <urn:uuid:7653a0cc-d075-44cc-b648-ee63e204a9a8> | CC-MAIN-2014-42 | http://www.wage-hour.net/post/2011/06/15/What-Is-A-Workweek-And-Why-Should-You-Care.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-42/segments/1414637899548.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20141030025819-00049-ip-10-16-133-185.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.949255 | 655 | 2.578125 | 3 |
As patron goddess of Athens, Athena was a very popular deity with many myths attributed to her and a number of festivals in her honor. Her areas of interest were quite diverseÑshe was a goddess of war, of wisdom, and of weaving and other crafts.
We know quite a bit about Athena, in comparison with some other deities, because she was the patron goddess of Athens, and thereby well represented in surviving myth.
As a virgin goddess, she has no children. She did, however, serve as a sort of foster mother for Hephaistos’ child Erichthonius, who became a legendary king of the city of Athens.
Myths and Stories
Athena’s first story is that of her birth. Her father Zeus had received a prophecy that a child born by him of Metis (wisdom) would overthrow him, as he had overthrown his father Kronos and as Kronos had overthrown his father Ouranos. To solve this small problem, he swallowed the pregnant Metis. However, some time later Zeus was afflicted with a prodigious headache, so agonizing that he asked Hephaistos to strike him on the head with an axe. Hephaistos did so, and Athena leapt out, fully grown and fully armored. Athena is well known for her patronage of heroes, such as Odysseus, who she aids in his long journey home from the Trojan War.
However friendly to mortals Athena may have been in general, she was also as capable of any of the gods of striking in anger, as shown in the story of Arachne, who challenged the goddess to a weaving contest and was subsequently transformed into a spider.
As one of the three virgin goddesses (along with Artemis and Hestia), Athena never married or took a lover, but she was once pursued by Hephaistos, and later took an interest in his child Erichthonios.
Names and Epithets
Athena Ergane (Athena the Worker). Athena is the patron goddess of weavers and other artisans, and was said to have taught these arts and crafts to mortals.
Athena Polias (Athena of the City). Refers to Athena as a city guardian.
Athena Xenia (Athena of the Stranger). Refers to Athena as a protector of the rules of hospitality, of guests and of strangers.
Athena Soteira (Athena the Savior). Refers to Athena’s role as a protective goddess in general.
Above all Athena was the patron goddess of the city of Athens, but she was honored throughout Greece. She was celebrated in a great number of festivals, including the following:
Arrephoria, a small fertility ritual also involving Aphrodite and Eros.
Khalkeia, a festival of craftsmen (especially bronze-workers) for Athena and Hephaistos, during which women began weaving a peplos to be later offered to Athena.
Kallynteria, a festival during which Athena’s temple was cleaned.
Plynteria, a related festival during which a cult image (statue) of Athena was annually washed.
Panathenaia, probably Athena’s largest festival in Athens, involving the presentation to the goddess of the peplos begun during the Khalkeia; in later years athletic contests were also held at this time
She was honored as well on the third day of each Greek month.
The owl is probably Athena’s best known symbol, and she is also strongly associated with the olive tree. She is also known for carrying the aegis. | <urn:uuid:8777ffb2-6cd0-45e6-a5ac-ccdc7beab1a6> | CC-MAIN-2019-35 | https://hearthfirehandworks.com/2015/04/25/an-introduction-to-athena/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-35/segments/1566027330913.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20190826000512-20190826022512-00026.warc.gz | en | 0.988318 | 763 | 3.34375 | 3 |
Golf is a game played in an open field where the golfer plays his golf ball into a hole by using different types of clubs (golf instruments). The book Rules of Golf reads "The Game of Golf consists in playing a ball from the teeing ground into the hole by a stroke or successive strokes in accordance with the Rules."
Play of the game[change | change source]
In golf, a golfer plays a number of holes in a given order. 18 holes played in an order controlled by the golf course design, normally make up a game. On a nine-hole course, two nine-hole rounds make up a normal game. Each hole starts from the teeing area. Golfers put the ball on a small stand called a tee and swing a club at it to try and hit it as straight and far as possible. Once each golfer in the group has done this, the person whose ball landed farthest from the hole hits his again, followed by everyone else, one person at a time, until everyone is on the green. The green is the area near the hole where the grass is cut very short. Once on the green the players will try to "put" the ball into the hole. Putting is similar to a regular swing except it is not as hard and the player does not want the ball to go in the air. Once each player has put their ball into the hole, the group moves on to the next hole.
Each time a player swings at his ball, it is considered a "stroke". Each hole is a certain number of strokes that golfers are expected to need to get their ball into the hole. This is known as the "par". If a player gets his ball in the hole in less than the par he gets a "birdie". If it takes him one more shot then the par it is known as a bogey. Most holes have a par between 3 and 5.
The two common forms of playing golf are match play and stroke play. In match play, two golfers (or two teams) play holes one at a time. The golfer with the lower number of strokes (number of times the golfer used to get his ball in the hole) wins that hole. If the two have the same number of strokes, the hole is "halved" (drawn). The golfer that has the greatest number of holes wins. In stroke play, the golfer (or team) with the smallest number of strokes all together wins. There are different forms of these rules, some given in the "Rules of Golf" making them "official.
Clubs[change | change source]
|Part of a series of articles on
|Track and field athletics
|Ice hockey· Skating
The four different types of clubs used in golf are woods, irons, putters and wedges. Woods are used to hit the ball very far, usually off the tee (but also on the fairway). The name of woods is different every number, for example, No.1 wood is called "driver", No.2 is "brassey", No.3 is "spoon" and so on. There are many types of irons, which can be used to hit varying distances. They are numberd 1-9 with a 1 iron hitting the ball farther then a 9. The 1 iron is no longer common in the game. Even the 2 iron is getting uncommon. Putters are used when on the green . The rules do not let the golfer use over 14 clubs in a game. .
The Majors[change | change source]
- Kraft Nabisco Championship
- LPGA Championship
- U.S. Women's Open
- Women's British Open
In 2013, women's golf will add a fifth major. The Evian Masters, held in France, will become a major, and will be renamed The Evian at that time.
Vincent Clark won the first ever open championship which was held in St Andrews in 1860.
Other websites[change | change source]
- Best Players
- Rules of Golf
- Golf Equipment Reviews
- Golf ball aerodynamics
- Golfers' Dictionary
- A Nice Golf Tips Blog
- Golf news
- Golf history
- Golf trivia
- Golf Tips & More
- Titleist Golf Clubs
- Golf swing tips
- Online Golf Tips & Biomechanics of the golf swing | <urn:uuid:e5fa6282-01df-4712-aa09-e437799e1938> | CC-MAIN-2016-30 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-30/segments/1469257824133.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20160723071024-00072-ip-10-185-27-174.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.962273 | 908 | 3.140625 | 3 |
FUNGAL INFECTIONS IN CATS AND DOGS
Some of you wrote in and asked us about fungal infections for pets, Dr. Rukshin Master has some advice.
One of the most common complaints we encounter for our pets is skin disorders. Be it itching, hair fall, skin discoloration, eczema or fungal infections.
Yeast dermatitis is a common inflammatory skin condition in pets. The condition is caused by overgrowth of the Malassezia species of yeast. Yeast infections are particularly common in hot, humid environments and therefore our Indian cities are a breeding ground for them. Malassezia dermatitis mostly affects poodles, basset hounds, cocker spaniels, and dachshunds.
Visible signs and symptoms are:
- Irritation of skin
- Loss of hair
- Scaly skin
- Redness of affected areas
- Malodorous discharge from lesions
- Patches of skin becoming darker (hyper-pigmentation)
- Epidermal thickening
The exact reasons behind this disease are not yet known, but it has been linked to allergy, seborrhea, and hormonal factors. Hot and Humid climate may increase the chances of infection. Congenital factors play important role in species who are predisposed to infection.
TREATMENT USUALLY GIVEN
Allergies is a sign of an overactive immune system for which the doctor will typically prescribe steroid therapy to shut off the immune response. This only improves the symptoms but does not fix the underlying cause of the allergies and hence should always be avoided as far as possible. When your pet’s immune system is turned off with drugs, it cannot do its job of regulating and balancing normal flora levels, so your pet ends up with yeast blooms. When conventional vets see cats and dogs with allergies and possibly secondary skin infections, often they prescribe antibiotics. Antibiotics are well-known to destroy all good bacteria along with the bad, wiping out healthy yeast levels in the process, so these drugs often make a bad situation worse.
Some Homoeopathic treatments which will help treat yeast or other fungal infections:
- Dry eruptions
- Great thickening of epidermoid layer
- Exfoliation of scales.
- Psoriasis on trunk, extremities, palms and soles.
- Circular spots, with scaly edges.
- Dirty, dingy look
- Dry, lustreless, rough hair
- Intolerable itching
- Herpetic eruptions on scalp and bends of joints with itching worse from warmth of bed
- Enlarged glands
- Sebaceous glands secrete excessively; oily skin
- Eczema behind ears
- Crusty eruptions all over
- Urticaria after every exertion.
SKOOKUM CHUCK AQUA
- Has strong affinity for skin and mucous membranes
- Profuse, ichorous, cadaverously smelling discharge.
- Ear affections
- Eczema, scalds, burns
- Unhealthy, discharging pus
- Yellow, purulent crusts or discharge.
- Purulent exudations in or upon the skin.
- Skin affections with yellowish scabs.
- Many little pimples under the hair which bleed when scratched.
- Dry eczema
As always, please consult with your vet, you know your animals health and body better than we do! These are suggestions and advice. | <urn:uuid:dc0c7536-3f2b-4497-9a3a-c1aa8a997afe> | CC-MAIN-2018-22 | https://oliverpetcare.com/fungal-infections-in-cats-and-dogs/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-22/segments/1526794866733.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20180524170605-20180524190605-00564.warc.gz | en | 0.903268 | 735 | 2.734375 | 3 |
Difference Between ADSL and SDSL
ADSL vs SDSL
ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line) and SDSL (Symmetric Subscriber Digital Subscriber Line) are the two major groups when it comes to broadband internet connections. The most major difference between these two groups is in how much bandwidth they allocate to the user. Since SDSL is symmetric. It offers equal download and upload speeds to the user while, although the download speed is also very high for ADSL, the upload speed can be significantly slower. Some people, especially those who upload videos or other content, may prefer the high upload bandwidth of SDSL, but for most people, ADSL provides sufficient upload speed since we download much more information than we upload while browsing the internet, watching videos, and downloading files.
The most major advantage that ADSL has is the ability to have the DSL and a telephone unit on the same two wires and they can be used simultaneously. This is because ADSL does not take up the entire bandwidth. SDSL uses the whole bandwidth and leaves no room for a telephone unit. The bandwidth for the telephone is allocated to the upload speed and explains the much higher bandwidth despite using the same two wires.
ADSL is a standardized technology and as such, most devices that can operate with ADSL can be used interchangeably. They adapt to the standard and are therefore compatible. SDSL is proprietary and was never standardized, leaving manufacturers to implement their own standards in how their devices are supposed to operate. This meant that most SDSL devices would only work when they are from the same company. Using devices from different companies would not ensure that your network would as intended.
ADSL is currently the technology that is deployed in most parts of the world where high speed internet connectivity is being enjoyed. SDSL on the other hand, is considered as a legacy technology. It is no longer used in modern deployments as it has been succeeded by G.SHDSL and is largely considered as obsolete.
1. ADSL is asymmetric while SDSL is symmetric
2. The upload and download speeds of SDSL are equal while that of ADSL are not
3. ADSL can have a telephone unit on the same line while SDSL cannot
4. ADSL is a standardized technology while SDSL is proprietary and was never standardized
5. ADSL is the current technology used today while SDSL is considered as legacy technology
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Leave a Response | <urn:uuid:d7d846e0-4887-43ab-b819-e8eac018b58f> | CC-MAIN-2015-18 | http://www.differencebetween.net/technology/difference-between-adsl-and-sdsl/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-18/segments/1429246661916.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20150417045741-00070-ip-10-235-10-82.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.971477 | 551 | 3.03125 | 3 |
like UML sequence diagrams,
are used to explore the dynamic nature of your software. Collaboration diagrams show the message flow between objects
in an OO application, and also imply the basic associations (relationships)
between classes. Collaboration
diagrams are often used to:
- Provide a birds-eye view of a collection of collaborating objects, particularly
within a real-time environment.
functionality to classes by exploring the behavioral aspects of a system.
- Model the logic of the implementation of a complex operation, particularly one
that interacts with a large number of other objects.
- Explore the roles that objects take within a system, as well as the different
relationships they are involved with when in those roles.
There are guidelines for:
Figure 1. An Instance-Level UML
- Use Instance-Level Diagrams To Explore Object Design Issues. Instance-level UML Collaboration diagrams, such as the one
1, depict interactions between objects (instances). Instance-level diagrams are typically created to explore the internal
design of object-oriented software.
- Use Specification-Level Diagrams to Explore Roles. Specification-level UML Collaboration diagrams, such as the
one shown in
Figure 4, are used to analyze and explore the roles taken by domain classes
within a system.
- Collaboration Diagrams Do Not Model Process Flow.
- When Sequence Is Important Use a Sequence Diagram.
- Apply Sequence Diagram Guidelines To Instance-Level Collaboration
Diagrams. Because UML Collaboration diagrams depict an alternate view
of the same information as UML Sequence diagrams much of the same style advice
applies. The following lists of
guidelines, originally presented for UML Sequence diagrams, are applicable to
Objects When You Reference Them In Messages
Objects When Several of the Same Type Exist
Textual Stereotypes Consistently
Visual Stereotypes Sparingly
on Critical Interactions
Names Over Types for Parameters
Types as Parameter Placeholders
Not Model a Return Value When it is Obvious What is Being Returned
a Return Value Only When You Need to Refer to it Elsewhere
Return Values as Part of a Method Invocation
Types as Return Value Placeholders
2 presents the notation for invoking messages on UML Collaboration
diagrams. For example in Figure
the message 1.2:
orderTotal := calculateTotal() indicates
a sequence number of 1.2, there is no loop occuring, a return value of orderTotal
and an invoked method named calculateTotal().
The basic notation for invoking a message on a collaboration diagram.
|sequenceNumber loopIndicator: returnValue :=
Figure 3. A UML Collaboration diagram depicting concurrent message invocations.
- Indicate a Return Value Only When It Isn't Clear
- Indicate Parameters Only When They Aren't Clear
- Depict an Arrow For Each Message
- Consolidate Getter Invocations. When you have several getters invoked in a row a good short cut is to
model a single message such as
in Figure 1 to act as a placeholder.
- Indicate Concurrent Threads With Letters.
Figure 3 you see that some messages are preceded by the letters
D indicating that
those messages are being processed concurrently.
The lines between the classifiers depicted on a UML
Collaboration diagram represent instances of the relationships - including
associations, aggregations, compositions, and dependencies - between
Figure 4. A Specification-Level
UML Collaboration diagram.
- Model "Bare" Links On Instance-Level Collaboration Diagrams
- Show Role-Pertinent Information on Specification-Level Diagrams. In
Figure 4 you see that the roles taken by classes as well as the high-level
multiplicities (either blank or an asterisk to represent many) are depicted.
- Prefer Roles on Links Instead of Within Classes
- Indicate Navigability Sparingly
- Links Should Be Consistent Static Relationships | <urn:uuid:0d039591-dabf-4eb8-8a40-0808d6527d11> | CC-MAIN-2017-34 | http://www.agilemodeling.com/style/collaborationDiagram.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-34/segments/1502886117519.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20170823020201-20170823040201-00446.warc.gz | en | 0.787294 | 856 | 3.4375 | 3 |
Alright, so up to this point I have cited all the advantages of wind turbines. Unfortunately, their downside is that they kill 140,000 to 328,00 birds in North America, annually. Both the Cornell Lab of Ornithology and the Audubon Society support the growing use of wind turbines, provided they are properly sited—the one known, effective means of minimizing wind turbine bird strikes. The major reduction of greenhouse gas emissions is paramount for our biosphere. To ignore the threat of climate change would not only threaten far more birds over time, but most of the current flora and fauna.
We now know that birds migrate along the same flyways each season. The Atlantic flyway, passing through New York, extends from the bottom of South America to the Canadian Tundra. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service recommends that all new wind developments consider: avoiding bird migration routes, places where raptors’ prey congregates, and water-filled landscapes that would encourage birds to flock, such as wetlands. These are guidelines only, however.
There is current testing of technical approaches, including: using purple turbine blades (white attracts insects which then attract birds), bird averse lighting systems, and GPS/radar the latter designed to detect flocks in time to shut down the turbines. However, the effectiveness of these approaches are not clear at this time.
This is all I have to say about wind turbines. I still have to get one more good panorama when I have the best evening sky.
Please contact me with any questions or comments about our growing use of renewable energy. | <urn:uuid:f73aa313-cba6-4e52-88cf-d9d6398ae31d> | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | https://stephenfieldingimages.org/2018/07/16/the-atlantic-migratory-bird-flyway/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296944452.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20230322211955-20230323001955-00209.warc.gz | en | 0.927413 | 327 | 2.765625 | 3 |
Long-eared Owl (Asio otus) - Wiki
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
[Photo] Long-eared Owl (Asio otus) de:Waldohreule. german description: Das Foto zeigt eine Waldohreule in freier Wildbahn. Nur selten sieht man die nachtaktiven Tiere tags??ber. Fotodaten: Canon EOS 10D, EF 300 mm 2,8 mit 1,4x Konverter, Dreibein, Spiegelvorausl??sung. Photo taken by Sascha R??sner (http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benutzer:Sascha_R%C3%B6sner). date: 2004.
|Copyright (C) 2004 Sascha R??sner|
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License".
The Long-eared Owl
) is a species of owl
which breeds in Europe, Asia, and North America. Breeding season is from February to July. This bird is partially migratory, moving south in winter from the northern parts of its range. Its habitat is forest close to open country. Asio otus
is more elusive than other owl
s in this family.
This species is a part of the larger grouping of owl
s known as typical owl
s, family Strigidae
, which contains most species of owl
. The other grouping of owl
s are the barn owl
s, family Tytonidae
The Long-eared Owl
is a medium sized owl
, 31-37 cm in length with an 86-98 cm wingspan. The Long-eared Owl
carries its blackish tufts, which are positioned in the center of the head, in an erect posture. The females are larger in size and darker in coloration than the males. The Long-eared Owl
’s brownish feathers are vertically streaked. Tarsus and toes are entirely feathered. Eye disks are also characteristic in this species. However, eye disks of A. otus
are darker in color or rusty-orange. This nocturnal species is perhaps most easily seen perched in a tree in its daytime roost.
It nests in trees, often conifers, using the old stick nests of other birds
such as crows, ravens and magpies (Family Corvidae
) and various hawks. The average clutch size is 4-6 eggs, and incubation time averages from 25-30 days. It will readily use artificial nesting baskets. It roosts and nests in temperate forests. An unusual characteristic of this species is its communal nesting in thickets during the winter months.
is nocturnal, and it hunts over open country by night. It is very long winged, like the similar Short-eared Owl
, and glides slowly on stiff wings when hunting. Its food is mainly rodent
s, small mammals, and birds
|The text in this page is based on the copyrighted Wikipedia article shown in above URL. It is used under the GNU Free Documentation License. You may redistribute it, verbatim or modified, providing that you comply with the terms of the GFDL.| | <urn:uuid:776981aa-9e80-44d6-aad0-42c0e3004b8d> | CC-MAIN-2020-10 | http://animal.memozee.com/view.php?tid=3&did=27245 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875141460.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20200217000519-20200217030519-00220.warc.gz | en | 0.881291 | 747 | 3.25 | 3 |
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November 15, 2014
This overview summarizes the truss wall construction including the advantages and disadvantages of this construction strategy. Complex two dimensional heat flow analysis and one dimensional hygrothermal modeling were used to determine moisture related durability risks for analysis.
- Furring strips creating a minimum 3/8" ventilation gap/drainage gap behind cladding
- Plywood or OSB sheathing
- 2x3 exterior truss with cellulose cavity insulation
- Plywood or OSB sheathing with joints taped/sealed
- 2x6 interior wood frame wall at 24" o.c. with cellulose cavity insulation
- Interior gypsum wall board
Installed Insulation R-value: The thickness of truss walls varies greatly and because it is not a common wall construction, there does not appear to be a established standard construction insulation thickness. These walls are typically insulated with blown cellulose insulation (R-3.7/inch) or fiberglass batt insulation (R-3.5/inch), and overall installed insulation R-values in excess of 50 are possible.
Whole-wall R-value: Using two dimensional heat flow analysis with thermal bridging effects and average framing factors shows that adding the insulation to the exterior of the framing addresses the thermal bridging at the rim joist, studs and top plate. There is a large range of R-values possible with this type of construction, but 12” of cellulose provides a whole-wall R-value of approximately R-36.
Air Leakage Control: Cellulose insulation is an air permeable material allowing possible air paths between the interior and exterior as well as convective looping in the insulation. Although dense pack cellulose has less air permeance than some other air permeable insulations, it does not control air leakage. Accordingly, the primary air control layer is the plywood or OSB sheathing on the exterior of the 2x6 frame wall.
Typical Insulation: Blown cellulose.
Rain Control: Rain leakage into the enclosure is the leading cause of premature building enclosure failure. Rain control is typically addressed using a shingle lapped and/or taped water control layer such as building paper or a synthetic WRB (i.e. housewrap). Intersections, windows, doors and other penetrations must be drained and/or detailed to prevent the penetration of rainwater beyond the water control layer.1
Air Leakage Control: Air leakage condensation is the second largest cause of premature building enclosure failure with this type of wall construction. It is very important to control air leakage to minimize air leakage condensation durability issues. An air barrier is required in this wall system to ensure that through-wall air leakage is eliminated (ideally) or at least minimized. An air barrier should be stiff and strong enough to resist wind forces, continuous, durable, and air impermeable.2
Air need not leak straight through an assembly to cause moisture problems; it can also leak from the inside, through the wall, and back to the inside; or it can leak from the outside, through the wall, and back to the outside. Condensation within the stud space is possible if this type of airflow occurs, depending on the weather conditions. Hence, wall designs should control airflow into the stud space.3
Vapor Control: Fiberglass and cellulose are highly vapor permeable materials, so a separate vapor control strategy must be employed to ensure that vapor diffusion does not result in condensation on, or damaging moisture accumulation in, moisture sensitive materials. The permeance and location of vapor control is dependent on the climate zone. Installing the vapor control layer in the incorrect location can lead to building enclosure failure.4 In this assembly, the vapor control layer is the plywood or OSB sheathing on the exterior of the frame wall.
There is a higher risk of vapor diffusion condensation if the vapor barrier is not detailed correctly due to the lower wintertime temperature of the sheathing in the truss wall relative to standard construction.
Drying: Cellulose and fiberglass insulation allow drying to occur relatively easily, so drying is controlled by other more vapor impermeable enclosure components such as the plywood or OSB sheathing on the exterior of the 2x6 frame wall. Installing a vapor barrier on both sides will seal any moisture into the stud space, resulting in low drying potential, and possibly resulting in moisture-related durability risks. Ventilation behind vapor impermeable claddings and interior components (e.g. kitchen cabinets) can encourage drying.
Built-in Moisture: Care should always be taken to build with dry materials where possible, and allow drying of wet materials before close in. If a polyethylene vapor barrier is installed with relatively vapor impermeable OSB sheathing, drying could be slow if built-in moisture is present.
Durability Summary: The primary durability risks associated with these wall assemblies involve moisture damage related to rain water penetration or condensation (most likely the result of air leakage, but also potentially the result of vapor diffusion).
Cellulose insulated walls are slightly more durable than fiberglass insulated walls because cellulose insulation is capable of storing and redistributing small amounts of moisture. Cellulose insulation is typically treated with borates to protect itself and neighboring wood material from mold growth and decay. Cellulose insulation also has decreased flame spread potential relative to other insulation materials.
This wall construction is not a standard construction practice. The trusses used to space the exterior framed wall off the structure are time consuming to construct, and require tight tolerances to ensure smooth sheathing and cladding.
This construction requires increases in both time and materials for the enclosure. The wall framing material is essentially doubled, and constructing the exterior wall with gussets is time consuming. The increased thermal performance and decreased thermal bridges may be worth the extra time and money in specific cases.
There is a significant increase to framing since every framing member in the structural wall has a corresponding exterior framing member attached with wood gussets.
The truss wall system can achieve a very high whole wall R-value with minimal thermal bridging and would perform well in extreme climates provided the air barrier was detailed perfectly minimizing air leakage condensation durability risks. It is possible to reduce the risk of condensation by using a combination of the truss wall in combination with an air impermeable insulation. One advantage of the truss wall is that it is used in both new construction and retrofit situations to decrease energy consumption, and improve occupant comfort. The truss wall allows the extra insulation to be placed on the exterior of the structural wall that does not affect the interior space, unlike the double stud wall.
- Lstiburek, J. W. (2006). . Westford: Building Science Press Inc.
- Lstiburek, J. (2008, 08 20). BSD-104: Understanding Air Barriers.
- Straube, J. (2009, 04 22). BSD-014 Air Flow Control in Buildings.
- Lstiburek, J. (2008, 10 17). BSD-106 Understanding Vapor Barriers. | <urn:uuid:bf54ab27-1b92-4136-a45e-b1a3b0210bf3> | CC-MAIN-2018-47 | http://buildingsciencepress.com/documents/enclosures-that-work/high-r-value-wall-assemblies/high-r-wall-truss-wall-construction | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-47/segments/1542039743714.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20181117144031-20181117170031-00172.warc.gz | en | 0.873179 | 1,485 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Type: External (2.0 and later)
SORT [/R][/+n] < (filename)
SORT [/R][/+n] > (filename2)
Purpose: Sorts input and sends it to the screen or to a file.
SORT is a filter command (reads from input, transforms it, and outputs it
to the screen, to a file, or to a printer). SORT is used to alphabetize a
file. You can specify which column in the file to sort on. If you do not
specify a column, SORT alphabetizes using the character in the first
If you do not specify a source file, SORT can be used with input from the
keyboard or another input device.
Use the | and < redirection symbols to direct the sort output to a new
For more information about using redirection symbols, refer to Chapter 6,
for Advanced Users.
SORT does not alphabetize upper case letters differently from lower case
Special characters (above ASCII value 127) are sorted according to
character information found in the COUNTRY.SYS file (or in a replacement
file as designated in the CONFIG.SYS file). For more information, refer
to Appendix B, Country-Specific Information.
/R - Reverses the sort (sorts from Z to A).
/+n - Starts sorting with column number (n) you enter.
To sort the file NAMES on drive A and send the output to a new file NAME2
drive B, enter
sort < a:names > b:name2
To reverse sort (Z to A) the file PHONES.TXT on drive A and send the
output to a
new file PHONE-A on drive C, enter
sort /r < a:phones.txt > b:phone-a
To create a sorted file TEMP, sorting on the character in column three,
input from the keyboard, enter
sort /+3 > b:temp
Then, enter lines and press the Enter key at the end of each line. When
you are finished, press and hold the Ctrl key and then press the letter Z
key. The data you enter will be sorted (based on the third character you
enter on each line) and the TEMP file will be created and stored on the
You can also pipe the output of a SORT to a file. In the following
example, the directory listing will be sorted starting with column 14 (the
column in the directory list that contains the file size). The output
will be sent to the file DIR-S on the current directory.
dir | sort /+14 > dir-s
Back to the | <urn:uuid:fc0db706-4ad0-41b4-bc59-9d8625f3aaa3> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://home.csulb.edu/~murdock/sort.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474650.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20240226030734-20240226060734-00002.warc.gz | en | 0.784261 | 568 | 3.75 | 4 |
- Reading and writing music text in the two most used music keys
- Recognition of: intervals; triads; quatrains and other complex chords; chords in turns; diatonic chord progressions; tonal chord progressions with added external chords
- Rhythmic dictations
- Melodic dictations: unanimous; two voices
- Complex dictation: melody recording, chord progression and movements in the lowest voice - bass
- Intonation (singing): intervals, arpeggios of triads and complex chords in basic positions and inversions; melody intonation (traditional and C mobile system); diatonic solfeggios and solfeggios with external tones, modulations; intonation of old frets
- Development of relative hearing
In the time allotted for Harmony, all the above topics and exercises will be considered and analyzed theoretically:
- Intervals; triads; quatrains and other complex chords; the harmonic and melodic position of the chords
- Tonality, tonal circles
- Harmonization of major and minor tonalities - functions of the chords - Tonic, Subdominant, and Dominant function - primary and secondary. Smooth voting. Cadences
- Modulations. Lateral dominants. Intermodal exchanges. Chord - scales
- Harmonious analysis of various musical works
- Depending on the group and each student - additional activities will be added to help learn and make sense of the material.
- Classes are held in small groups - up to 10 participants.
- The curriculum provides for 3 modules - each, with a duration of 40 teaching hours.
- Classes are within two school hours (50 minutes with a break) and are held once a week.
- The course is suitable for singers and instrumentalists - beginners and advanced.
- Price of the course: BGN 400. (for the first level). It is possible to pay in two installments.
- Dates of the event will be determined when forming a group, depending on the preferences of the students.
- * If necessary - a formal exam will determine the level of each student.
Daniele Phebbo was born in Sofia in 1993. He started as an amateur, but quickly reoriented himself to delve into the art of music. He went to Italy and studied for three years in Rome at one of the most specialized jazz academies in the country - Saint Louis College of Music (Rome). He has been in Bulgaria again for 4 years and is graduating from the National Academy of Music, Prof. Pancho Vladigerov ”with jazz bass guitar. He is currently an active musician, practicing mainly in the capital. Known as a regular bassist in Blue Moon (jazz quartet) and bassist / bandleader in the Y Jazz project, with which he won first prize at the "Youth Jazz Competition" in Plovdiv in 2018. Participates in numerous collaborations with younger colleagues and already established names from the Bulgarian jazz scene. | <urn:uuid:9d0d34a0-67da-4125-8276-a2065be8850a> | CC-MAIN-2022-27 | https://rockschool.bg/en/lessons/music-theory-harmony-and-musical-hearing | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656104204514.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20220702192528-20220702222528-00015.warc.gz | en | 0.909689 | 653 | 2.625 | 3 |
What is Cholangiocarcinoma?
Liver Health Cholangiocarcinoma is a primary liver cancer that occurs within the bile ducts.
Also known as bile duct cancer, or biliary tract cancer, for many it is a devastating diagnosis.
• It’s the world’s second most common primary liver cancer, yet it is little known and poorly understood
• It’s the cause of approximately 1,800 deaths each year in the UK alone
• Fewer than 5% will survive one year from diagnosis
• The incidence is increasing, and we don’t know why
• It’s difficult to diagnose clearly and accurately
• Most are diagnosed too late for potentially curative surgery
• In the western world the cause is generally unknown, most cases are sporadic
• Thailand has the world’s highest incidence, caused by eating raw fish infected with a liver fluke (Opisthorchis vivverini)
AMMF is the UK’s only cholangiocarcinoma charity, working to:
• Raise awareness
• Provide information to those who need it
• Encourage and support research, especially into finding ways to achieve better and clearer early diagnosis | <urn:uuid:3d67c032-fe47-43d7-b50b-04988484f0b0> | CC-MAIN-2017-22 | http://www.healthawareness.co.uk/liver-health/what-is-cholangiocarcinoma?utm_source=propeller | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-22/segments/1495463607242.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20170522230356-20170523010356-00458.warc.gz | en | 0.943761 | 263 | 3.140625 | 3 |
Human Anatomy, Physiology, and Medicine. Anything human!
Good points, Standby. Somehow I believe that Garth Nicolson has also been huge in his research for the cause as well.
Truly, I believe someone will discover the the mycoplasma (fermentans incognitus) was the pathogen that weakened our immune systems for what was to follow.
Did you read this?
Patient Information and Notes from the
Institute for Molecular Medicine and
the Morgellons Research Foundation
Morgellons syndrome or ‘fiber’ disease has been characterized by unusual skin wounds, fibers and specks that appear to be extruded from the skin along with peripheral neuropathies that are described as itching or crawling feeling under the skin. According to the Morgellons Research Foundation (http://www.morgellons.org/casedef.html), Morgellons can be characterized by six major signs and symptoms:
1. Skin lesions, both spontaneously appearing and self-generated, with intense itching. The former may initially appear as “urticarial-like”, or as “pimple-like” with or without a white center. The latter appear as linear or “picking” excoriations. Even when not self-generated, lesions often progress to open wounds that heal abnormally and usually incompletely. (e.g., heal very slowly with discolored epidermis or seal over with a thick gelatinous outer layer.)
2. Crawling sensations, both within and on the skin surface. Often conceptualized by the patient as “bugs moving, stinging or biting” intermittently. Besides the general dermis, may also involve the scalp, nares, ear canal, and body hair or hair follicles. The sensations are at times related to the presence of easily seen insects, arthropods, and other human and non-human-associated parasites that require serious attention from the treating clinician.
3. Fatigue and weakness significant enough to interfere with the activities necessary for daily living.
4. Cognitive difficulties, including measurable short term memory and attention deficit, as well as difficulty processing thoughts correctly. Described by patients as "brain fog".
5. Behavioral effects are common in many patients. Many have been or will be diagnosed as Attention Deficit Disorder, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Bipolar Disorder, or Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Almost all, if previously seen by well-read physicians without prolonged observation, will have been labeled as “Delusional Parasitosis”. A temporal relationship to skin lesion onset is not known.
6. Presence of “Fibers” in and on skin lesions. They are generally described by patients as white or black, but clinicians also report seeing blue, green, red, and other fibers, that fluoresce when viewed under ultraviolet light (Wood's lamp). Objects described as “granules”, similar in size and shape to sand grains, can occasionally be removed from either broken or intact skin by physicians, but are also commonly reported by patients. Patients report seeing black “specks” or “dots” on or in their skin, as well as unusual 1-3 mm “fuzzballs” both in their lesions and on (or falling from) intact skin.
Other signs and symptoms include: changes in visual acuity, balance problems, bloating and swelling of legs, neurological symptoms, including changes in mood and personality, painful extremities, tinnitus, gastrointestinal symptoms, skin sores that do not heal, changes in skin pigmentation and texture and other changes, arthralgias or arthritis-like symptoms, sinus problems, breathing problems and chronic infections (Borrelia burgdorfi or Lyme Borrelia, Mycoplasma species, among others) or skin parasites. In addition, many patients have co-morbid conditions, such as Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Fibromyalgia Syndrome or Sarcoidosis. Often patients with the Morgellons Syndrome are thought to be delusional, or they are accused of self-inflicted skin lesions. Thus obtaining appropriate medical assistance is often a challenge, because most practicing physicians have little knowledge of new or emerging illnesses that may be outside of mainstream medicine.
Patients who do not have medical assistance or are trying to augment the treatment they are receiving may want to consider the following information below developed from anecdotal studies and patient feedback. The regimen described is only suggested for patients, and it is intended for long-term use and requires daily maintenance. The suggestions below may or may not help suppress your Morgellons, and the information is not intended to replace a physician’s care or instructions. There is no known cure for Morgellons, and new information in the future may change the suggestions below.
This suggested regime must be adjusted to individual patients, the stage of the illness and co-morbid conditions. Consult with your physician in order to determine the most favorable approach. Recovery from Morgellons is very gradual and varies from patient to patient. Often patients’ signs and symptoms become worse before they slowly get better. The first treatment consideration is general diet and dietary supplements.
1. Diet is important. Most patients do not consider diet important, but it is quite important in all chronic illnesses. The Institute for Molecular Medicine has posted some dietary advice on its website under Treatment Considerations (http://www.immed.org/).
2. Vitamins and Minerals are imperative. Most chronic illness patients are deficient in Vitamin B Complex, Vitamin C, Coenzyme Q-10, among others. Information is listed in the first document in the publications section of Treatment Considerations (http://www.immed.org/). Since some vitamins can interfere with uptake and action of certain drugs, they should not be taken at the same time of day as other medications, such as antibiotics or other drugs.
3. Immune Enhancement should be considered. There are various supplements available that can boost your immune system. The Institute for Molecular Medicine has posted some information on immune enhancement supplements that you can purchase over the counter (OTC). They are listed in the first document in the publications section on Treatment Considerations (http://www.immed.org/). Ask your physician if certain supplements may interfere with medications that you are currently taking.
4. Lipid Replacement Therapy is important for fatigue and mitochondrial function. The Institute for Molecular Medicine has conducted several clinical trials on the use of Lipid Replacement Therapy to reduce fatigue and restore mitochondrial function, which is important for general health and recovery from chronic illnesses. Publications on this topic using NTFactor and other lipid replacement products can be found in the publications section of Treatment Considerations (http://www.immed.org/).
5. Antibiotics have helped patients. Although Morgellons is not caused by bacteria alone, bacterial co-infections are highly likely with this condition. Patients have benefited from tetracyclines, such as doxycycline, along with other antibiotics. Many MD patients test positive for Lyme Disease, caused by Borrelia b., Mycoplasma spp., among other infections. Thus an antibiotic regimen has proved useful to suppress system wide signs and symptoms and neurological problems. Some patients have also used anti-parasitic medications.
6. Some Natural Remedies are useful. These are often the same as those used in patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome or Fibromyalgia Syndrome and can be found in the first document in the publications section on Treatment Considerations (http://www.immed.org/). Ask your physician if certain supplements may interfere with medications that you are currently taking.
7. Probiotics are a requirement for recovery from chronic illnesses. These are important in restoring gut flora and helping with digestion and maintenance of the gastrointestinal system. Some are listed in the first document in the publications section on Treatment Considerations (http://www.immed.org/).
8. Pain and sleep medications will help you sleep if relaxation activities are insufficient.
9. Ample pure water is essential. It is important to keep hydrated with bottled water.
10. Eliminate alcohol, caffeinated products and excess sugar from your diet. These interfere with the therapy and generally make your condition worse.
Once you have begun to follow the general dietary recommendations, it’s time to consider some specific recommendations for Morgellons. This condition should be considered contagious, although this has not been proven, it may be capable of spreading to family members and pets. It should be considered parasitic, but a known parasite has not been identified in Morgellons. Worm-like forms have been removed from lesions, but their role in the illness has not been confirmed. They may contribute to the sensation of insects crawling under the skin. It may also involve other co-infections, such as Lyme Borrelia b., Mycoplasma species or other bacterial infections. It may also involve fungal co-infections. Morgellons affects multiple organs and tissues, and there is no simple, single treatment that is effective.
The second consideration is that there are important hygienic suggestions that must be followed:
1. Clean everything with strong cleaners, such as Pinesol or Lysol. If you have a dishwasher, use this to wash and sanitize personal items. Clean surfaces and even door knobs with Pinesol or other cleaners.
2. Wash clothes daily with detergent and bleach. Linens, pillowcases, mattress covers and sheets should be changed and cleaned daily. Flannel is a comfortable alternative.
3. Try to keep as dry as possible. Moisture appears to worsen the condition. Use baths only to clean the skin lesions and then only with sea salt, Epsom salt with medicated soap. Moisture control in containers around the house and air purifiers help keep the environment dry. Also, try to keep autos, yard, garage, etc. as dry as possible.
4. Do not use lotions or perfumes; instead, use acne products for skin. Lotions or perfumes tend to spread the condition to uninvolved areas. Instead, use Neutrogena Rapid Clear acne treatment pads, Isotrex gel topical acne treatment (containing isotretinoin, http://www.drugdeliver.../). A good natural aneseptic is Honeybee Gardens Propolis Throat Spray and Wound Wash (http://www.mothernature.com/). For vaporizers use Sea-Band waterless vaporizer oil pads (http://www.shopping.com/).
5. Keep hair away from your body, even when washing your hair, and shampoo with Dawn dishwashing detergent or a medicated shampoo, such as Head & Shoulders Intense Therapy. Avoid contact with others to minimize chance of spreading the condition.
6. Use latex gloves if your hands are infected, and do not touch uninfected skin with your bare hands. Use Zim’s Advanced Wound Care gel (http://www.bizrate.com/) or Dr. Bonner’s Hemp Lavender or Hemp Peppermint soap for washing exposed skin (http://www.drbronner.com/).
7. Treat pets, if necessary, because they can contract the condition. Medicate with anti-parasites and antibiotics, if necessary.
8. Remove carpets, if necessary, and maintain a clean, dry environment. Change air filters often.
Patients diagnosed with bacterial co-infections should be treated with antibiotics. For the types of intracellular bacterial co-infections found in Morgellons patients, long-term antibiotics are usually necessary. In addition, patients with fungal co-infections should be treated with anti-fungal drugs. The Institute for Molecular Medicine has posted some information on antibiotics, anti-virals and anti-fungal drugs. These are prescribed by a physician. They are listed in the first document in the publications section on Treatment Considerations (http://www.immed.org/). Ask your physician if certain antimicrobials may interfere with medications that you are currently taking.
Next is a list some of some OTC products that will help. Keep in mind, however, they may not work for everyone. You may have to come up with a mix that will work well for your needs. There is no known cure for Morgellons, so these are only suggestions that could help improve your condition.
1. Directly treat skin sores with a Calamine spray (Band-Aid, http://www.amazon.com/). Leave the product on as long as possible, and do not rub it into the skin. Also, colloidal silver can be used directly on lesions. Betadine antiseptic solution is a good broad-spectrum antiseptic (http://www.brucemedical.com/)
2. Skin can be treated with acne products or medicated soaps. Some examples are Sapoderm soap (http://shopping.ninemsn.com.au/), oatmeal soap, Clear Skin for acne. Do not rub your skin—lather and rinse. Use towels only once, and then wash them.
3. Cover open skin sores with a loose bandage (Band-Aid, decompression strips, etc.) and keep them dry.
4. Remove any fibrous or worm-like material with an alcohol-treated tweezers and use facial tissues. Do not contaminate other skin areas with materials removed from your skin.
5. Treat sinus problems with a cold medication, such as Dristan, Allerest, Actifed, etc. Do not use nasal sprays.
6. Treat skin and muscle pain. A variety of pain products and muscle relaxers are available.
7. If you have trouble breathing, try a vasodilator such as Primatene Mist (http://www.primatene.com/).
8. Examine feet often and treat shoes and feet to prevent problems.
9. Keep your nails short and clean. Often anti-fungals are necessary.
10. Women have special needs because of periods and other problems. Yeast infections are common, and Betadine iodine douches (http://www.brucemedical.com/) and Monistat vaginal cream are useful.
There are websites where information on Morgellons and related conditions is shared by patients, such as http://www.skinparasites.../, http://www.lymebusters.../,
http://www.biologyonline.../ , http://www.morgellons-research.org...lons/
There are also sites where good antiseptic products can be obtained: http://www.mfasco.com/
Contributors to this information: Cheryl Nichols, Prof. Garth Nicolson
"When you dine with the devil, bring a long spoon."
If anyone is interested?
https://www.nutrimedical.com/news.jhtml ... ews.id=203
Monday, Jan 22nd 2007: Morgellons Part 2 Special: Nanomachine Silicon Based Life Form Plague from the Skies - Dr Hildergaard Staninger Ph.D. and Dr Karim Karjoo MD Pathologist - Latest Chemical Analysis and Pathologiical Findings
Good info at link below as well- takes a while to load- good pics
"When you dine with the devil, bring a long spoon."
sorry to those offended by taking up space going back and forth with frank n berry. no one was saying anything to this guy as he tried to take over this board, so i hoped to make some people think. as i stated before, i rarely post on any board for various reasons. i usually just try to keep up. i am glad you guys are seeing frank for what he really is. now i go back into my reading mode.
Thanks for sharing that and your addition. I was kind of focused on the activists and the CDC coming out of the closet so to speak. Now I realize I kinda had a conglomeration there. Truth is it's all about generating awareness by all means, which leads to more research, more awareness and the ultimate goal.
Yes that is great news. I agree in ref to the Mico. as well as some others in the mix on Garths list.
Thanks for the tip! I'd love to have a PCR for the M Fernebtans.
Speaking for myself, I thought it was great- your post to the FS. Also, I agree with your assessment. I concur! lol
His remark about a "pissant maintenance man" ticked me off. Tells me a lot about the man.
Garth Nicolson doesn't usually come to my mind as relates to the fibers either, it just so happened that I had just read the post at LB.
Truthfully, he would be a good choice for working with the others re: the fibers. Seems to be years ahead of the pack (the AMA). Thinks outside the box, evidently.
To my knowledge, he is one of the few that has attempted to help the Gulf War Vets.
"When you dine with the devil, bring a long spoon."
Be careful, isotretinoin, is the wicked " chemotherapy agent" used in Retin-A.
Think back to MSC's posts and all the "pulling"... this is how isotretinoin works. Google it or look back at MSC's posts for the patent to isotretinoin.
It is highly contagious and a genetically modified organism used in acne treatments or expensive face creams. Avoid it.
I too apologize to the forum for lashing out on Frankenstein in my very first post. No surprises how Ranty took immediate offense and showed her true self, once again...
Dan Rutz (CDC) is on a personal leave. I am not sure for how long. I wrote him yesterday.
We now have 8 doctors "with" the program.
Anyone knowing a doc that wants to help or anyone wanting to search for a doc and have him call me and we can have our docs call them, please contact me at 434-974-7128.
This IS happening!!!
Hi All, I applaud all who spoke up against Frank n Stein ( hmmm, he is just that a monstrosity made by whom...I don't know). He speaks quite eloquently but it is only a facade to spew out venom against Tamtam among others, and to cause a divison among us. And what is this fascination he has with Tamtam? I have the utmost respect for both Tamtam and Southcity, including PPy1818, Barz, Standby, Sabrina, Al, London, Hartuk, Nadas, Befour, Skytroll among others.
And Frankie, you said that you did not read Ppy's thread, that's okay...we read it and agreed with it as you can see or do you just read your own posts. Randy is not the only one working on doing things for our cause...we all ARE in our own way. Someone of us are working on getting CT scans/ELIZA tests to prove the presence of nematodes (doctors only want to do ultrasounds which are generally useless, except in the acute stage but even that test showed masses in my left leg that was ignored), some are writing letters, some have pending lawsuits, and some of us are too damn sick to do anything. Yes, Randy apears to be doing some "good" for the cause but both of you have superior, condescending attitudes toward everyone on this board. Randy drops in sometimes and tells everyone that they are doing nothing but writing disinformation...and then you come along and stick your head so far up into her butt (can you breathe in there?) that makes it quite evident that you are a "plant" dear sir. Why not plant pansies for your winter months? And Serenity, you initially said that you had little to offer this forum but I find your posts very informative as well as Maggie M, Cyn. Linn, and Mother. And PLEASE do not let dermatologists or doctors prescribe you orap, doxepin, or respirdal unless that is the only way you can get your disability by being diagnosed DOP. Orap is dangerous...look at that link provided by Maggie and Randy, or was it Linn? Frank, say what you want because sticks and stones may break my bones...but the flukes, itching, crawling sensations,and stinging is what ails me...Take care all...and Happy New Year!!!
You guys hate anyone who is smart and confident and honest. That just goes without saying.
Marcs cream worked. I used it and reported back. When he decided to be an ass and not send any more although promised in various e-mails I had the chance to not use it and the lesions came back FULL force. I had some Miracle Foot Repair from BB&B on hand and used it and was amazed. For less than nine dollars it worked 100% better than his cream. Truth and nothign more. His breaking his promise forced me to find out more of the truth. So everything happens for a reason.
Until we find out what this is all of us are guessing and all we can do is report back with what we have tried and what has worked for us.
In the beginning when I used my swiss army knife to scrape off the multi layers of a very deep lesions with tons of false skin over it, and found that the debris of this scraping when landing on my naked thigh actually started to eat into the flesh of the thight, I reported this.
I made a discover and asked people to do the same to see if it was just me. So what is your point with that BS lie filled posting?
Just plain dumb..and ignorant and filled with lies. What is new with this site. I never mutilated the skin or dug into the skin so get your facts straight once again. I lightly scraped off the top layers of dead skin and false skin and never cracked any new skin. So again..more lies..lies..lies..lies...and more lies.
I also have had an Ace test a C -reactive protein test, many full blood work-ups, all the tests for Vit D , a biopsy of my lymph nodes and a few other invasive tests to find out what this is. So, I have knowledge. Like it or not. I also have GREAT insurance.
People observe, anyonw who makes sense, anyone who tried to help and not post pages of BS is instantly made fun of and lied about. How sad for these professionals of disinformation to have to do this. How sad since they DO NOTHING to help the cause except send you in the wrong direction with false NEWS about the CDC. I am watching those lies too but find them too funny to even comment about.
How does one talk to a person on personal leave? Such BS.....
To those watching...let it be known that not one person here is REAL enough to use their correct name or give out their number so you can get support.
They all go under false names and care only about themselves and how smart they look by posting tons of disinformation.
All of those that honestly care about this disease post thier telephone numbers and give updates on what we are doing.
Judge for yourselves and read the pages of BS and see the truth.
They think they have you fooled and they do not. I can tell by the tons of phone calls I get and the fantastic people that are now on board with the State/Natioal Lab project..
Thank you to everyone who has called over the past few weeks. I think you are brave, and funny and strong and smart and I am so glad that you have decided to be part of the cure and not part of the problem that exists on this board.
Keep in touch and keep sending those docs my way.
Love ya for it!
See what these guys do not realize is that you guys out there see the truth and when they try and beat me up, you call to see what the truth is. So in reality, they are actaully helping me.
Now that is funny! This whole HATE RANDY thing has backfired on them BIGTIME.
Frank: Call me today. I will be home for most of the day.
BEWARE BEWARE BEWARE
I would like to remind everyone who is affected by this unknown disease to be very wary of internet scammers. Those who troll the internet seeking to defraud people typically look for frightened, desperate people to whom they claim to “experts”, and have a “solution” to your problems.
The simple truths of this disease to date are as follows:
1) Evidence indicates that a disease of unknown origin is spreading among worldwide populations, which effects a wide range of symptoms. The symptoms include skin lesions, rashes, itching of skin, fibers and granular artifacts emerging from skin, insomnia, fatigue, and many others as well.
2) Although the CDC and collegiate research labs are presently working to identify the causal agent of this illness, to date there is no one that has successfully identified it.
3) There is no known protocol of treatment which offers a complete removal of the causal agent from the human system, or completely relieves all of the symptoms.
4) Those who are afflicted with this disease have found by process of trial and error that they are able to significantly reduce the symptoms of this disease by initiating personal action to improve their immune system, and overall state of health. They have also found that the effects of the skin rashes and lesions can be temporarily relieved by topical application of prescription steroids, and a host of cheap and readily available over the counter products. Such over the counter products that contain zinc, or selenium have been found to be effective in minimizing the skin symptoms. A 2% acetic acid diluted solution of white distilled vinegar has been found to dry up the lesions and begin a process of rapid exfoliation of the skin when applied twice daily, for no more than four days, after which the skin is allowed to heal. Vinegar should not be applied to sensitive skin, or children’s skin, and should be tested on a small area of skin for allergic sensitivity before use. Vinegar also works to relive yeast infections which are also thought by many to accompany this disease as a co-infection.
On this site, two very distinct groups have emerged in opposition to one another.
One group hails the Alias Tam Tam as their guru. Tam Tam is a mysterious, anonymous persona who claims to know the causal source of this infection, but will not reveal it to anyone because it is top secret. Although he posts in garbled cryptic verse that emulates European, or Eurasian ethnicity, he operates a very expensive one page, California based web site that offers a streaming video presentation. The presentation uses conjecture and highly suggestive subjective content to elude that he has discovered the causal agent of this disease. The presentation contains absolutely no scientific data which would support this claim. Tam Tam has also posted what can only be considered as a collection of pseudo-scientific babble which postulates the thesis that bacteria are forming intelligent protein crystals in our bodies, which in turn are attempting to form insect body parts within us. Although, bacterium, protein, and nanotechnology may very well in the end be revealed to be the source causal agent in this disease, Tam Tam has only woven a good science fiction story for this audience and has made this thread the laughing stock of the microbiological, medical, and scientific community. At intervals Tam Tam and his other aliases discuss how lucrative their discovery is going to be, and proceed to discuss investment procedures for invest in (in Tam Tam’s own words) “The Tam Enterprise”, which is presently offered through (in Tam Tam’s own words) “The French Nose, and Co. Investment Company.”
It is also to noted that the alias Tam Tam has been associated in the past with a California based web site that offered very expensive products for the relief of the disease’s symptoms which in reality were nothing more than the same inexpensive products that are available over the counter. The original site had to shut down after complaints from the Morgellons community.
Following a splendid, and quite enjoyable flame war on this thread this weekend, Tam Tam is no longer posting the science fiction story. Here is Tam Tam’s post for today.
Please note if you will, that he has posted a valid block of text that he has cut and pasted from an undisclosed source which simply implies that a medical test is available. He doesn’t give enough information to determine that this has nothing to do with our disease, but he hopes that you will assume this and contact him. He boldly exclaims at the beginning of the post that “ Tests are available.” In scammer language this is called “the hook.”
Please don’t be so foolish as to contact this scammer, or any of his multiple aliases for anything folks.
The other distinct party that I mentioned above is Randy. She claims to operate an organization which has formed a directory of doctors who recognize this affliction as an unknown disease, and are willing to treat us. She has submitted her name, phone number, and has listed her services and future objectives. I have not personally contacted her yet, but I have the impression at this time that she is operating an open and honest, take it or leave service.
As for me, I also have something to offer you, and I will charge you for it. Here it is.
In the short term, take every personal measure possible to improve your health and mental state of mind. Be happy. Make every effort to love someone today. You will receive love in return, which is the strongest medicine known to humankind. Pray.
In the long term be prepared to be come politically active. We may have to force this issue into the light if the CDC does not advise us in a timely manner what the causal agent is, and how to treat it.
OK, now for the payment. If you have read this entire post, you are paid in full. If not, please go back and read it all. You will then be paid in full.
Thank you, and I wish the greatest peace upon you and your houses.
Who is online
Users browsing this forum: No registered users and 2 guests | <urn:uuid:31df9b91-6a42-438c-8437-eca48d8a55bf> | CC-MAIN-2014-49 | http://www.biology-online.org/biology-forum/about1958.html?p=68744&hilit=Borrelia | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-49/segments/1416400380948.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20141119123300-00119-ip-10-235-23-156.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.951864 | 6,390 | 2.5625 | 3 |
In this course, students learn about the principles of calculation and computer simulation related to modeling, which are important for designing functional materials in industry and chemical industry related to materials and information, or in the construction of material manufacturing processes. The aim is to understand how to design functional materials and how to optimize the manufacturing process. In addition, the group working aims to develop the communication skills necessary for research and development by working in groups in order to solve these issues.
In the design of functional materials that make full use of knowledge and technology related to materials and information, it is essential to utilize processing technology of information related to the structure and physical properties of chemical substances. The purpose of this course is to conduct exercises using modeling, simulation, and information processing, to optimize the operating conditions in chemical processes, and to learn how to design functional materials.
materials and informatics; modeling; computer simulation; material design
|✔ Specialist skills
|✔ Communication skills
|✔ Critical thinking skills
|Practical and/or problem-solving skills
This course will set themes for actual process and functional materials in the chemical industry, and will conduct exercises on modeling, computer simulation and information processing for each group. Finally the group will present the results of the exercise.
|1) Set up specific exercises on the design of chemical substances or functional materials. 2) Investigate the principles and calculation methods for modeling such as quantum chemical calculation, molecular simulation and machine learning. 3) Design the chemical substance or material type using the modeling method of 2). 4) Give a presentation on the results obtained in the exercises 2) and 3).
|Report on exercises and simulation results by modeling materials and informatics
Distribute in the class
Regarding the degree of goal achievement, students will make a presentation on exercises using modeling and computer simulation, and in the content of presentation of results and contents of questions and answers. And then, the presentation and the exercise results will be scored on the task extraction ability and problem solving ability in the academic field or the industrial field.
Take classes of both Practice School in Materials Informatics I and II.
If only one is taken, the other credit have to be already acquired.
Limit to TAC-MI(Tokyo Tech Academy for Convergence of Materials and Informatics) students. | <urn:uuid:46fa3726-5dee-491c-9df1-b4471d9cc182> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | http://www.ocw.titech.ac.jp/index.php?module=General&action=T0300&GakubuCD=00&GakkaCD=400050&KeiCD=0&course=50&KamokuCD=400050&KougiCD=202023171&Nendo=2020&vid=03&lang=EN | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947476409.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20240304002142-20240304032142-00008.warc.gz | en | 0.888819 | 473 | 3.0625 | 3 |
A medieval chalice donated to a Wiltshire church over 400 years ago has been jointly purchased by the British Museum and Wiltshire Heritage Museum in the market town of Devizes.
The £1.3 million raised will help pay for vital maintenance work at St Cyriac's Church in Lacock, and the chalice will remain on display at the British Museum in London where it has been on loan since 1963.
"I am delighted that this beautiful and rare cup has been acquired so that it can continue to be enjoyed by visitors to the British Museum as well as in the Wiltshire Museum," says Neil MacGregor of the British Museum.
Dating from the mid-1400s, the chalice has been named "extremely rare" and "one of the most significant pieces of secular English medieval silver".
Its sale was opposed by a local resident in Wilshire, who claims the cup is a vital part of the village's heritage, but his appeal was denied.
A spokeswoman for the British Museum said the cup is "a rare survivor with a unique history".
It would have been used for feasting in the medieval period but was eventually donated as a chalice to the church, which ensured its survival.
"Most examples were destroyed due to changing fashions and consequently few pieces remain," the spokeswoman explains.
Dr John Catchpole from Lacock Parochial Church Council said the church is "delighted" with the sale.
"The church plans to invest the proceeds of the sale to generate income to help to maintain and repair the beautiful Grade I listed church," he said.
Two replicas will be made; one for liturgical use at the church and another to go on display at the Wiltshire Heritage Museum. | <urn:uuid:3ecd118e-1249-4ace-87bf-dd45aa732d0b> | CC-MAIN-2014-23 | http://www.christiantoday.com/article/chalice.sold.by.church.for.1.3.million/35175.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-23/segments/1406510267865.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20140728011747-00401-ip-10-146-231-18.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.981924 | 365 | 2.515625 | 3 |
Hugo Messier / University of Montreal
A very nice investigation for an often ignored user group. We were very impressed with the prototype.
R-Mano is an orthopaedic glove that allows the user to secure an object to his hand, maintaining prehension during an activity. Specially designed for people with hand disabilities, the glove’s grip is ensured by a strap system that ties to the back of the hand. The system adjusts to different objects’ sizes, providing the user with an adaptable and very accurate fit. Moreover, the ergonomic design of this product facilitates the grouping of all fingers in one large pocket, and thus allows disabled people to put on the glove with ease in spite of limited dexterity.2. The Brief: Summarize the problem you set out to solve. What was the context for the project, and what was the challenge posed to you?
Holding an object in one’s hand may seem commonplace and simple. However for many, using their hands is difficult, if not impossible, due to various health issues. Whether the manual limitations are the consequences of accidents or of normal aging, their implications vary extensively.
During my final year of study, I had the opportunity to carry out an extensive project which was inspired by my brother, Nicolas Messier. As a quadriplegic, he has limited strength and dexterity in his hands and fingers, yet still enjoys considerable strength in his arms. Like him and despite physical limitations, many handicapped persons still want to appreciate an active lifestyle and therefore look for solutions to compensate for weaknesses.
The challenge was to create a glove that could accommodate the wide range of manual limitations, while being versatile enough for a variety of activities. Hence, the product had to be easy to slip on, and to adjust. To be efficient, the mechanism needed to be simple to install, not requiring accurate movements. Lastly, it was a crucial criterion that the grip could be released quickly in case of a precarious or dangerous situation while allowing adjustment and release of the tension during the activity.3. The Intent: What point of view did you bring to the project, and were there additional criteria that you added to the brief?
The targeted activities for the glove had to be restrained, since the problematic involved in holding objects is too vast to be covered in one glove. From the start it was clear that my first goal was to facilitate the access to sports and physical activities. My research showed that the toughness and durability required for the glove would be incompatible with the precision required for common daily activities. For example, the fabric would need to be too thick and the straps too large to manipulate accurately a fine object such as a pencil.
Furthermore, I realised that many apparatus already exist to accommodate the needs of people with disabilities partaking in light daily activities such as cooking, writing, or painting.
From the start, I wanted to create an object that would be marketed easily and offered at low costs, making it accessible to anyone. Any use of high-tech equipment was therefore eliminated. Furthermore, the range of activities for which the glove is conceived and the fragility of any electronic device was to avoid.
An ultimate guideline was set, according to research studying the habits of disabled people. These researches showed the tendency to use the mouth to hold objects more often than the average person. This highlighted the fact that the invention needed to be simple enough to use, manipulate, and adjust using the mouth as the primary tool.4. The Process: Describe the rigor that informed your project. (Research, ethnography, subject matter experts, materials exploration, technology, iteration, testing, etc., as applicable.) What stakeholder interests did you consider? (Audience, business, organization, labor, manufacturing, distribution, etc., as applicable)
Once the mandate was clearly established, I started an exhaustive research process. The first step was to understand the needs of the targeted users of the product. I had the opportunity to work closely with my tetraplegic brother, who provided relevant information about the habits and needs of people living with similar disabilities. As an employee of the Quebec Paraplegic Association, he was able to canvass the views of his colleagues, also living with disabilities. I refined my research by interviewing senior citizens and amputees to assess how the glove could satisfy their needs.
In addition to analysing the users’ needs, I had to study the different activities where the glove could be useful; all activities that require a permanent and static manual hold such as kayaking, weightlifting, or even using a mechanical tool, were considered. The activities were rearranged in sub-categories and rated by the degree of accessibility to a disabled person. This grouping pointed out where the emphasis should be place to create a relevant product. The selected activities were then analysed to understand how the hands are placed while engaging in movement, and which kind of static hold it employs. For example, it was concluded that for kayaking, the device should provide a good slip-proof grip, resistant to the water trickling down the shaft of the paddle. In addition, if the kayaker was to fall in the water, he would need access to a quick release strap, allowing him to get rid of the paddle. All those information were preciously gathered before starting to design the glove.
Following the above research, a few concepts and ideas were developed and presented to Éric Lemieux, a senior designer specialised in hockey protection. His advice, based on his knowledge of the soft goods and his comprehension of the hand articulation, was a valuable contribution to the project. With this in mind, I continued sketching to find a way to fit all elements on the small area available.
As soon that the idea materialized, I stitched mock-up versions of the concept and validated the different concepts. People were invited to wear the glove as I measured how easily it was for them to understand and use the product. Prototypes were later tested to tweak by using the product in the field. Two major aspects: the stability of the grip without any hand strength and the ease of slipping it on without dexterity. A last prototype was then created in order to perfect the design and give it a suitable look to wear in public.
Lastly, a branding concept was created. The name R-Mano stands for «real hand» and is derived from “mano”, hand in Spanish. It is also a subtle pun to the person for whom it was created, as the phonological pronunciation sounds like ‘’hermano’’, brother in Spanish. The logo itself represents a hand, folding the thumb to grab an object.5. The Value: How does your project earn its keep in the world? What is its value? What is its impact? (Social, educational, economic, paradigm-shifting, sustainable, environmental, cultural, gladdening, etc.)
During the process, my motivation to achieve my goal resided in the belief that the device would have a great impact on the life of many people. And even though the glove hasn’t reached the market yet, the comments of people in need who tried it confirm the inestimable value and impact of the glove. I know that such a tool can, and will, change lives.
This glove will allow many people living with disabilities to try new sports or leisure, or to simply enjoy again activities they thought were now inaccessible. More often than not, the simple lack of technical resources is enough to discourage them from trying a new activity. Although the project is mainly based on solving a technical problem, it also holds an important social dimension; by allowing more people to be autonomous in the practice of various sports, it will result in an improved quality of life for these individuals. The project has been recognized by the Industrial Designers Association of Quebec (ADIQ) as being ‘’particularly innovative’’ and having ‘’great potential’’. | <urn:uuid:b842b8a4-6ec8-42ea-8e42-2df30c40a123> | CC-MAIN-2019-18 | http://www.core77designawards.com/2012/recipients/r-mano-glove/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-18/segments/1555578841544.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20190426153423-20190426175423-00509.warc.gz | en | 0.976205 | 1,641 | 2.6875 | 3 |
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