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Who are all these cats, and where are they coming from?
Free-roaming cats is a term that describes a few different categories of cats. It includes feral cats, stray cats that have been lost or abandoned, owned cats that are outside 100% of the time, and owned cats that are allowed outdoors sometimes. Though owned cats that live or are allowed outside are not the cats we want to target, it is important that pet owners get these cats spayed and neutered. It is the unsterilized outdoor cats, and cats that have been abandoned by owners, that have caused this problem in the first place!
Trap/neuter/return has been operating in several countries for decades, and offers a progressive and humane way to help respond to the rapidly growing free-roaming cat population in our communities. Many free-roaming cats live long, content lives outdoors. TNR is an effort to give these cats a chance at a full life outdoors – keeping them out of shelters where they have no chance. | <urn:uuid:4d174659-0596-401e-bfd0-61fb6a395ee6> | CC-MAIN-2017-26 | http://michianaferal.org/the-cats.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128321938.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20170627221726-20170628001726-00424.warc.gz | en | 0.971652 | 209 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Newborn Yorkie Puppies
Newborn Yorkie Puppies
Has your Yorkie had a litter? Are you planning to breed Yorkshire Terriers? Either way, it’s important to understand the development and needs of newborn Yorkies. Here’s everything you need to know about Yorkie babies from birth through their transitional stage.
Newborn Yorkie Puppies: Your Pup’s Development
All dogs go through rapid development between birth and about six weeks of age. This stage of life is broken down into two phases of development: neonatal and transitional.
Newborn Yorkie or Neonatal Stage
The first stage of a newborn Yorkie pup’s life is the neonatal stage. This stage runs from the moment your Yorkie is born until you have one week old Yorkie puppies. During this time, a Yorkshire Terrier’s strongest bond is the bond that they hold with their mother. The pup will have no eyesight or hearing at this stage, or any ability to regulate their own body temperature.
Therefore, they’ll have only their sense of smell to rely on, and will be dependant upon their mother and the rest of her litter for warmth. It’s crucial at this stage that a puppy is not separated from its family. If this were to happen, the puppy could very quickly catch hypothermia and die as a result.
For the first few weeks of a puppy’s life, you’ll find them pretty unexcitingly sleeping about 90% of the time. The remaining 10% will be spent nursing and reserving their energy for their growth. It won’t be until they reach around 15 weeks of age that they’ll be able to begin to support their own weight, so in preparation for this you’ll find them developing their coordination and muscles by crawling around their mother and siblings.
Transitional Puppy Stage
Two to four weeks of age sees something of a transitional period, when the puppy’s eyes and ears begin to open and come to life, and their siblings will start to take over from their mother as their main influence.
Once your puppy reaches approximately 5 weeks of age, their eyesight and walking will be almost fully developed, along with their barking and tail wagging as they get more and more social and play with their siblings.
When Do Yorkie Puppies Open Their Eyes?
Around the age of 2 to 4 weeks, baby Yorkies will finally open their eyes for the first time. You should definitely expect a 4 week old Yorkie puppy to have their eyes open.
6 week old Yorkie puppies will will have fully developed their sight and will be eagerly walking about and exploring the world around them.
Caring for Newborn Yorkie Puppies
Newborn Yorkies require a lot of care — but most of it will come from the mother. There isn’t much you need to do when caring for your new puppies until you have a 6 week old Yorkie ready for time away from mom.
Here’s what you’ll need to provide for your newborn Yorkies.
Yorkie Puppies Need a Clean Pen
The first few weeks of newborn Yorkie puppies’ lives will be spent in the box or pen in which they were born, so it’s vital when prepping for their arrival to choose a comfy, clean box or pen wisely. It’s important that this space can provide enough room for the mother to lie down and stretch out in comfort, avoiding the possibility that she might crush the puppies, while also being able to come and go freely while keeping the puppies contained within. You should also be able to access this easily to be able to change out the bedding each and every day.
Until the puppies are able to move around on their own, you can fill the whelping box with newspaper that gives the pups cover and warmth without potentially suffocating them. You can change the bedding to blankets or towels once it’s safe enough. This is especially important if you have a newborn teacup Yorkie as they are even smaller and more fragile than their larger siblings or counterparts.
In the first days of the puppies’ arrival, their mother will clean up their waste. If she’s given birth to a large litter, she may need some help. By the end of the second week, or beginning of the third, the puppies will begin to become more physically active as they star to open their eyes. Once they do start to want to roam, you can move them to a larger pen with plenty of room for them to play. Also, bare in mind that from now on, bathroom clean up will be your job.
The IRIS pet playpen is a good choice because it gives your 6 week old Yorkie puppies room to play together with rubber feet to protect your floors. Just fill it with lots of blankets and padding to ensure your pups are warm and padded by a soft atmosphere.
Newborn Yorkies Need to Stay Warm
As mentioned before, newborn Yorkie puppies are unable to regulate their own body temperatures so they’re reliant on their mother and the rest of their litter for warmth. The AKC (American Kennel Club) strongly recommends that you keep them away from any potentially drafty areas, and in a consistently warm location. On top of them snuggling up with their mom and their brothers and sisters, it’s recommended that you provide an additional source of heat.
The heat lamp should be positioned in a high enough location above the box to prevent any possibility of burning the puppies and their mother, and you should also make sure to keep a corner at a cooler temperature, so that they can crawl over there should they get too hot. During the first five days, you should keep the temperature inside the pen somewhere around 85 to 90 degrees Fahrenheit, and then for the next 5 days gradually lower that back down to around 80, continuing little by little, reaching 75 degrees by the end of their fourth week.
Ensure Proper Nursing and Nutrition
In their first few weeks, puppies are relying exclusively on their mother for all their nutritional requirements. Despite seemingly being much less active over the course of this time, nursing expends a great deal of the mother’s energy and she’ll require a much higher number of calories than she would otherwise normally. In order to make sure that both the puppies and their mother receive adequate nutrition throughout their nursing stage, several servings of a top quality dog food should be fed to the mother throughout the day. Your vet can recommend a good type and amount to be feeding to your nursing Yorkie mommy.
One vital point to keep in mind during this time is the weight of the puppies. You may notice one or more of the puppies being underfed, and you’ll want to keep a close eye on them when it’s feeding time and make sure that the smallest puppies are latching on to the fullest nipples. If you find any puppies crying or whimpering often, then this may be a sign that they’re hungry and require more attention while feeding. You can position the pup at the teat near the mom’s tail where he’ll get the richest milk supply.
If any smaller puppies still aren’t showing any signs of healthy weight gain or growth, pay a visit to your vet. They may suggest that it’s necessary for you to take over and bottle feed them.
It’s also very important to watch out for signs of mastitis in the mother. Mastitis is an infection of the mammary glands that can have an adverse effect upon the production of the mother’s milk. A major sign you’ll notice if the mother is being affected by mastitis is swollen red nipples, resulting in a reluctance to nurse. You may even see the mother snapping at her puppies when they try to feed. You’ll want to contact your vet as soon as you possibly can if you start to notice these signs.
A 4 week old Yorkie puppy will begin to develop his teeth and the weaning process will begin as the mother’s production of milk starts to slow down. Once you start to spot the puppies sticking their nose into mum’s food, it’s time to start making them dishes of their own.
What if My Yorkie Doesn’t want to Stay With Her Puppies?
A common issue amongst all pets that are closely attached to their owners is that the mother may not want to stay with her pups, wanting instead to stay with you, her owner. If this is happening, try relocating the puppies to somewhere where the mother is able to be closer to you while still tending to her litter.
It’s vital that the mother stays with her puppies for the first few weeks as, as we discussed earlier, they’ll be unable to keep themselves warm, and in a worst-case scenario can die as a consequence of the resulting hypothermia. If the mother really won’t stay with them, you’ll want to make sure you can provide the puppies with an external source of warmth. It’s not necessary to heat the entire room to 90 degrees; a simple heat lamp or heating pad will do the trick.
Be sure to keep a close eye on the conditions and the behavior of the puppies. This will give you your best indication regarding whether or not they are comfortable and healthy. If there are any problems, you’ll see lots of crying and restlessness. Otherwise, they should be nice and quiet and gaining weight if they’re warm and content.
How Can I Tell if There’s a Problem With the Newborn Yorkies?
During the first two weeks of a puppy’s life, before their eyes have opened, they should be doing pretty much nothing but feeding and sleeping, and you should be seeing consistent increases in weight. If any of the puppies do appear to be overly restless and noisy, this may indicate malnourishment or infection.
Malnourished Yorkie puppies can be easily spotted by simply noticing that he’s a lot thinner than the rest of the litter. If this is the case, remove the other puppies from the mother and let any underfed puppies get their share first.
Your puppy may also be suffering from hypoglycemia. In this case, he will be weak and prone to fainting. If you suspect a puppy of having low blood glucose levels, you should get in contact with your vet as soon as possible. | <urn:uuid:f263135d-d258-4940-809c-b3bb4889fb2f> | CC-MAIN-2021-17 | https://yorkieadvice.com/yorkie-care/newborn-yorkies/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-17/segments/1618038077336.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20210414064832-20210414094832-00432.warc.gz | en | 0.960438 | 2,191 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Last Updated on May 7, 2015, by eNotes Editorial. Word Count: 529
Roland Flint’s “Varna Snow” is a poignant meditation on time, specifically on the fluid continuum of past, present, and future. The poem’s dramatic opening sentence alone is composed of a freewheeling tumble of temporal references: “summer,” “years,” “morning,” “hour,” and a specific day (namely, the Fourth of July). The poet, now at midlife—he recalls a childhood event now forty-three years past—ponders the implications of being timebound. Aided by the engine of the imagination, every person, Flint finds, can exist at any moment simultaneously at the juncture of three tenses: in the past, the present, and the future. Here, a natural phenomena, specifically the heavy clouds of windblown seeds released in the early summer by cottonwood trees, triggers a series of observations, first about the poet’s childhood on the North Dakota farmlands; then about his present moment as a scholar visiting Varna (in the early 1980’s, Flint traveled to Bulgaria as part of a project to translate several prominent national poets); and ultimately about the uncertain time ahead, presumably the inevitable experience of death.
The poem begins tied to a specific time and space. It is early June in Varna, the Bulgarian port on the west shore of the Black Sea. For days now, the poet has watched women sweep the fleecy cottonwood seeds that drift like snow along the city sidewalks. That present moment and location are not actually established until nearly two-thirds of the way through the poem, however. Indeed, the poem’s opening sentence is a breathless rush back forty-three years to the North Dakota farmland where the poet grew up and specifically to a memory, triggered by the faux snow of the Bulgarian cottonwoods, of an unexpected Fourth of July snow that had lasted only an hour before melting into “the day’s parades, fireworks, and speeches.”
That memory, in turn, triggers a further recollection of the Dakota cottonwood trees and their annual release of seeds that would lightly silt the summer farmlands in a wintry white. Lovingly, the poet particularizes that memory, recalling the cottonwood seeds as softer than the snowflakes and moving wildly with the “lightest breath of moving air.” Abruptly cutting to the present, forty-three years later and a half a world away, the poet in line 19 confesses that he has not been back to his North Dakota home. Aided by his imagination, however, he now feels suddenly close to that distant place and time and decides the drifts of Varna “snow” are quite like the real snows of long-ago North Dakota winters.
The poet, clearly touched by such spontaneous recollection, impulsively gathers three great handfuls of the fleecy seeds and stuffs them into a knothole of a tree. Ruefully, he identifies the three handfuls as representing his past, his present, and his future: “where I come from/ Where I am today, and where I’m headed in the snow.” Stuffing the tree, thus, suggests the bittersweet work of the imagination itself as it serves, like the tree, as a repository—for the memories of the past, for the sort of observations that keep the present resonant and unexpectedly suggestive, and ultimately for the unsettling anxieties of tomorrow.
Last Updated on May 7, 2015, by eNotes Editorial. Word Count: 441
The poem is invitingly direct. Although Flint was a career academic, teaching for more than thirty-five years at Georgetown University, his poem is remarkably free of the elevated diction, dense philosophizing, and studied versification that often characterize the work of contemporary academic poets. He often described his poems as “common feelings, captured in uncommon language.” Indeed, his diction is deceptively simple, a sort of elegant colloquialism, a style Flint often termed “user-friendly.” Language does not call attention to itself. Flint dispenses with the conventions of rhythm and rhyme. The line length undulates in a sort of gentle ebb and flow patterning appropriate to a memory poem. The verse lines themselves are set in a supple free verse pitched to enhance an atmosphere of bittersweet recollection by frequently indulging the sibilant’s sound—the first four-line sentence alone contains six such sounds—whose calming hypnotic effect is quite pronounced. When the poem is read aloud, and Flint’s poetry is very much pitched for recitation, that soft lilting sound, along with the repeated use of rich, rolling long vowels, slows the poem’s lines and enhances the poem’s general mood of recollection.
In addition to the language, point of view here is direct. Flint comes to his poem without affectation. The point of the view here is the unmediated first-person—the poem commences and then sustains the vulnerability of the first-person pronoun—an intimacy that helps create a voice appropriate for the poem’s confessional mode. It is as if the poet is speaking directly to the reader. Flint was fond of quoting a line from fellow poet Stanley Kunitz that poetry should be an “art so transparent that you look through and see the world.” The poem thus relies on direct observation, the intuitive response to an ordinary natural event, the snowing down of the cottonwood seeds.
Until the closing lines, the poem resists indulging any of the intrusive embellishments of figurative language and heavy-handed symbols. The poet records with careful and loving eye and then recollects with similar directness. Like poet Theodore Roethke, whose influence Flint often acknowledged and who was the subject of Flint’s doctoral work at the University of Minnesota, Flint here takes as his subject the ability of the unadorned natural world to trigger such a response and, in turn, to reveal modest truths so obvious that they border on cliché—how persistent the past can prove, how stunning the present moment should be, and how uncertain tomorrow must remain. Yet, like the cottonwood trees that every year send out that splendid shower of snowy seeds, such truths are no less compelling for being ordinary.
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- 5-star customer support | <urn:uuid:c8f9d345-833b-45ff-a6ff-ac78ab7ee4fe> | CC-MAIN-2021-39 | https://www.enotes.com/topics/varna-snow/in-depth | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780057274.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20210921221605-20210922011605-00002.warc.gz | en | 0.960131 | 1,382 | 2.75 | 3 |
We watched a videotape called ‘Whale song’. It was about sea mammals’ behaviour, hunting and general information. While I watched I saw the dolphins creating patterns with their movements.The hunting and killing of the whales and dolphins was quite graphic and stirred many of our thoughts because it is such a controversial and terrible thing. It made me feel deeply sad.It was a good stimulus because it gave me plenty of ideas, all from different angles.Some of the class looked at a book called ‘Whale Nation’ as another stimulus. I didn’t because I had seen enough to be able to know about it.We then discussed in an off-text lesson the material and our initial thoughts and ideas.From watching the mammals swim through the ocean a lot of the class got ‘movement’ as part of the final piece. We also spent the rest of lesson on a kabuki session for information. We taught those who didn’t know how to do kabuki how to do it.I’d done it before in a drama workshop. We all were 100% calm and silent. I found it really relaxing and enjoyed it a lot.I felt I was quite good at it too because I used variety of levels and positions.I lay on my back and stretched out my feet. Our teacher said it looked like the whale’s tail and it did.I wish we could do kabuki every lesson to make us focused for work.RESPONSE PHASE 1:We had decided it was a good idea to come in for a full day to do the work on the ‘Whale song’.We began the lesson listening to different music in order to review them and sort out the best pieces to use. I found most of us wanted to go for sad, mournful songs. I felt most of the class had the whaling and death in mind.We picked:We then divided into 4 groups of 3 to develop our initial responses to the research.GROUP 1 = DAVID, LAURA D AND LAURENGROUP 2 = EMMA, DANIELLE AND LAURA B (ME)My contribution was the kabuki and kaleidoscope effects which I got from watching the whales slow movements and the patterns that the dolphins made, as though dancing. I also noticed the mournful sounds of the whales.My group narrowed our ideas down to: -GROUP 3 = JAMIE, HAYLEY AND DANIGROUP 4 = KATY, HAYLEY AND LISARESPONSE PHASE 2:I found a pattern of ideas (whale products) ; (splitting of whale). We decided group 4’s ideas weren’t practical, as they would involve us travelling on top of the sea and on top of the creatures below it. (We wouldn’t be able to achieve those levels in the studio.)The groups joined and made 2 large groups of 6. My group brought together the kaleidoscope idea to show surface movements and the idea of the whale being split. We also wanted to do a mournful dance of other creatures.The other group wanted to base theirs’ around movement and different techniques of showing movement.I was looking forward to negotiating and extending the ideas. It was going to be interesting as we were going to end up with 2 final pieces for evaluation.We were also going to have an opportunity to direct our other classmates as they joined with our piece. For their piece they would direct us.DEVELOPMENT STAGE PHASE 1:For 30 minutes my group built a basic structure of events and a sequence, which we would later share with the rest of the class. I directed part of this.We started by Emma and me acting as directors. We explained to the class the idea being the kaleidoscope. Emma and I wanted to keep this in because it suited the video of the dolphins dancing through the water, like a mirrored image. We wanted to achieve this effect.One person in the centre led the movements, the centre 3 copied (mirroring) and the 2 behind the centre people copied them.We created a mirror image from centre outwards. I led the mirroring. It was quite confusing but eventually everyone got the hang of it and it worked well.We then went onto direct the class into 4 of us representing 2 whales.The tail person lay on their backs and lifted their legs up and down. The head person sat up and slammed their arms up and down as fins.I think this worked quite well. From an audience’s point of view, it would have looked like a whale’s movements. I was a head and felt my role was quite effective; I tried to put everything into my arms and keep the rest of my body still.4 people were whales and 4 were fishermen. The 4 fishermen figured out a harpooning sequence. It was quite interesting.* David was the harpoonist* He swung back Katy and Lauren* They hit Lisa on the back* She jumped forward (as a harpoon) to kill the whale nearest the ship.* We then decided the whale would roll in towards the boat to show it beingpulled aboard. The 2 whales were symbolic of 1 whale but representing to ways of dying, so we see 2 sides of what could happen to the harpooned whale.* The other whale becomes distressed (me and Dani showed this by making our movements quite violent).* 4 dolphins, symbolically, pick up the whale (me and Dani were picked up.)* Cushion whale’s death* Spun slowly around, laid down to rest in peace.* Dolphins mourned death by doing a slow, graceful dance.This was my idea and I was really proud of it. It was really effective and actually created a calm, peaceful atmosphere.Lisa directed the other two group’s piece. She placed four people in the middle (as whales) that then performed a slow choreographed kabuki. 1 person represented fins, 1 as the tail, 1 as the body and 1 as the blowhole. Then there was a group of 4 around them. I was one of that 4, a dolphin.We did fast movements in a counter rhythm to the whale. Me, Emma, Dani and Danielle made up the movements so they would look like dolphins jumping out of the surface of the water. We got our inspiration from the ‘Whale song’ video.The other 4 stood at the corners of the group as the sea surrounding the creatures. They did wavy movements to look like rippling waves.I got confused because of the counter-rhythm and found it hard even though it was only a simple movement.Lisa then explained the concept of the fishing sequence. 6 of us role-played the fishermen on a boat. I was the lookout for the whales. We put me on a block to make me higher than the others (like in a crow’s nest). We decided to sing sea shanties, the specific one we choose was ‘Hoorah and up she rises’. We sang the chorus repetitively and quickened the pace when I spotted the whale, played by the other 6 in the group, to build up tension. The whale then rolled to us to show we’d captured it and we encircled it speeding up the song.First we walked then quickened our pace around the whale as though we were hawks circling our prey. We reached a pinnacle and in complicite we began to mime the cutting up of the whale. We then froze and, in turn, each fisherman turned and walked to the front to hold up a piece of card with a whale product on it and acted out an advertisement.I chose face cream, in particular L’Oreal, so I could say ‘because your worth it’ in an American accent. The accent seemed to go down well with everyone else as it made them laugh. The whales then got up and became protesters and forced us back into a scared heap on the floor. I liked this piece because the beginning movements looked really effective. I also liked the way the whales became protestors and overcome the fishermen.DEVELOPMENT PHASE 2:We discussed phase 1 and sorted out any problems. We also added & timed music. Sad music for death scenes, sonar for fishermen when they’re tracking the sea for whales. We didn’t have too many problems.DEVELOPMENT PHASE 3:We rehearsed the kabuki to music that helped keep rhythm. We tidied up the whale rolling to the fishermen and altered how Dani and I were to be picked up to make it more comfortable and more effective.We also developed the mourning dance so it made a final tableau of Dani and I lying next to each other, to look like one and the dolphins around us with heads bowed. We performed it for evaluation. It went really well and the death scene was calm and had a quiet atmosphere. I liked this piece.In the other piece we re-organised the ending to make it more choreographed. Our song was more together and we knew when to start cutting the whale. We also added sonar for the fishermen searching for the whale.I, as lookout, spotted the whale and yelled out ‘Thare she blows’. This signalled us circling the whale. We also made protest/advertisement banners. We then performed it for evaluation. This also went well and I liked the movements at the beginning.EVALUTION:I really enjoyed the actual devising of my group’s piece. I liked the mourning scene because of the calmness and sad atmosphere in the performance.I also liked the other group’s piece. Especially the advertisement section because I’ve always wanted to say ‘because your worth it’ in an American accent. I thought the beginning with the movements looked really good.I didn’t like the end of the second piece though because it was a bit boring. The 1st piece’s ending was dramatic and you actually knew it was the ending.I think we could have worked on the kaleidoscope section in the 1st piece because it was confusing and a bit messy. I think we should have made up an actual choreographed sequence so that everybody could have got used to the movements and be able to learn them instead of having to copy.I liked my performance in the 1st piece better than in the second piece because it involved me being a focus point so I felt more important in the piece. I felt I did more in the 1st piece (acting as the whale). In my mind, when I was playing the whale, I saw a graceful intelligent creature being brutally and inhumanly killed.I kept the actions as simple as possible because we wanted to keep the focus on the actual killing, as this was the important thing. As I was the head of the whale I kept my head up and slapped my arms on the floor in a rhythm to represent fins slapping the surface of the water.When the harpoon fired and was meant to have hit the whale I began to slightly thrash around and increased the speed of the slaps on the water. I tried to show how being harpooned had messed up the natural RHYTHM of the ocean. When Dani and I were picked up I kept still with my head down and was put on the floor where I lay down with Dani, dead. It was a simple role but it was important because it symbolised the whole of the piece’s meaning, the way a whale should die, in the ocean with all the creatures. Not cut up out of its natural habitat.I kept my composure in the death scene, which was hard as it was quite uncomfortable being lifted up and I was in an awkward position throughout.I think everyone else worked well together and everybody was clearly focused. Everyone’s ideas flowed well and both the final piece’s were quite polished off.In our lessons during the week we usually just manage to become focused and we’ll be working hard and then the end of the lesson comes and its time to go. Yet, because we had the whole day everyone concentrated and didn’t mess about. I also really enjoyed the day.EVALUATION CONTINUED:In the second piece the dolphins (Emma, Dani, Danielle and me) didn’t keep in time and our pace was all wrong. I think this was because we were finding it hard as the whales were doing a counter rhythm to us and we couldn’t keep in time with each other because we couldn’t see one another.The whales had their part polished off though because as part of that group’s development they had choreographed the sequence. So, they knew their sequence and didn’t have to concentrate on the actual movements so they made it look graceful. I did like this sequence though because it looked quite effective because there was so much going on.Also, in the final part where we were advertisers of a product made from whales I think all of us could have made it better. I think we could have made it seem more like an advert as that was what it was supposed to be. I think we should have thought about what product we were selling and came up with an advert from T.V. that showed a similar product and try to act out that advert.I tried to do this as I picked a L’Oreal advert. For example somebody who picked lipstick could have tried to act out a Maybeline advert. It would have made the ending of a good piece more interesting.I generally preferred the 1st piece because of the atmosphere and symbolism. But, if I didn’t have to pick and we’d had more time I would have took the best parts from each piece and merged them together to make a really good final piece.I would have done it like this: -This would probably of been our next step if we’d had time to do it.As my favourite I would pick the 1st piece because of the reasons I stated above. Also it was actually based around the whales’ movements and interaction with each other.It was also based around their world and environment, this is what I saw when I first saw the stimulus so it was exactly what I thought the piece should be about.The second piece was based around the products that the whales ended up as and the human world on whaling. | <urn:uuid:37d2a11d-017f-4d95-a2d1-221a051e723c> | CC-MAIN-2019-22 | https://woodstock-online.com/essay-we-watched-a-videotape-called-whale-song/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-22/segments/1558232256381.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20190521122503-20190521144503-00251.warc.gz | en | 0.985267 | 2,979 | 2.84375 | 3 |
Greek Heroes » Alcestis
Alcestis, the woman of Sacrifice
The Impossible Challenge
Alcestis was the most beautiful of the three daughters of Pelias, King of Thessaly.
When she was of an age to marry, several princes and kings appeared to propose, but Alcestis refused all of them.
Pelias, knowing that the constant denials of his daughter to all those powerful suitors could threaten his position, set a test to discover who would be the most suitable husband:
Alcestis was to be the wife of the first man to yoke a lion and a boar to a chariot.
The Sacrifice of Alcestis
With the aid of Apollo, a neighbouring king named Admetus succeeded in this seemingly impossible task.
But at the wedding, Admetus forgot to make the necessary sacrifice in gratitude to Artemis, the goddess of the hunt, and so he found his wedding bed full of snakes, an implication that he had to die.
Once again Apollo came to the king's assistance and persuaded the Fates to spare Admetus' life. The Fates agreed, but asked for the life of another person related to Admetus in return. As no one, not even his parents, would die on Admetus behalf, Alcestis gave her life for him.
The Redemption of Alcestis
The gods, impressed by Alcestis' sacrifice, wanted to honor the princess' unconditional love and heroism. So they decided to redempt
Alcestis' soul sent the Greek hero Heracles and restore her to Admetus, younger and more beautiful than ever.
The couple continued to live happily ever after and they had three sons, who later took part in the Greek expedition against Troy.
Sources"Alcestis" by Eurypides
The "Symposium" by Plato | <urn:uuid:936c5978-7781-4e64-89d3-153e07240471> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.greek-gods.info/greek-heroes/alcestis/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280761.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00284-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.965289 | 385 | 3.265625 | 3 |
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- In general, it is better to state the assumptions leading to a model right away, even before giving the equation for the model.
- The general formula for Euler’s method needs to be stated.
- There seemed to be a lot of confusion about who the target audience is. Write as if writing to another faculty member in our department. Thus you can expect that the audience has reasonable math skills, but may not know the specifics of what’s happening in this course. This means that you need to describe technical terms that are specific to this course, but you don’t need to show details of an algebraic computation.
- Clear communication is always a goal for technical writing. You don’t need to add lots of fluffy words where simple ones will do, but you do need to include enough words to communicate the ideas at hand. You should strive to strike a balance between words and symbols.
- The purpose of an abstract, if you include one, is to communicate what the content of the paper is.
- Captions should include a substantial amount of detail. If someone flipped open your paper and looked only at a picture, they should get a good idea of what’s happening just from reading the caption of the figure.
Comments about LaTeX and Mathematica
- All math must be between dollar signs, or in a displayed equation. Thus if you have a sentence which references a variable name, that letter should be between dollar signs.
- In you want large parentheses, use the commands
is written with the command
- Do give your graphics files names which have spaces in them. This will make LaTex do weird things.
Comments about writing
- Try to write in the present tense.
- All content must be part of a complete sentence that is properly punctuated. This includes math content.
- Avoid starting sentences with math symbols, and avoid having too many commas around math symbols. Here is a a great example sentence:
The population is increasing so long as it is less than .
Notice that I added the words “The population” in front of the , and that I did not put commas around the letter . | <urn:uuid:c7cb3969-1a3c-4074-a7a5-4a61f3c6dd55> | CC-MAIN-2017-47 | https://paultallen.wordpress.com/2015/03/08/math-235-spring-2015-comments-on-report-1/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-47/segments/1510934805417.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20171119061756-20171119081756-00190.warc.gz | en | 0.940466 | 465 | 2.546875 | 3 |
Turkey Vultures (Cathartes aura)
The Turkey Vulture is the large bird you see soaring low in the sky, wobbling back and forth with very few wing beats. These birds are a dark brown, almost black from a distance, with featherless red head’s and a pale bill. Their wings are long and broad with the long feathers on the end that look almost like fingers from a distance.
Turkey Vultures can usually be found in open areas of mixed farmland, forest, rangeland, along roadsides, and at landfills. At night they roost in trees, on rocks, and other high secluded spots. They don’t build nests the way many birds do, but they use rock crevices, caves, ledges, thickets, mammal burrows and hollow logs, fallen trees, abandoned hawk or heron nests, and abandoned buildings. While these birds may feed near civilization, they prefer to nest far away from it. They lay 1-3 eggs at a time, and it takes 2-3 months to raise the chicks to be able to fend for themselves.
Turkey Vultures eat carrion (already dead animals) and to do this they use their amazing sense of smell to locate them. The part of their brain that is responsible for processing smells is particularly large and they have very strong immune systems to prevent them from getting sick from eating the rotting carcasses. The one problem they often run into when feeding, particularly from animals that have been shot and left by hunters, is the ingestion of lead shot which eventually leads to lead poisoning and death for these and many other birds. | <urn:uuid:710ec7b7-4359-4aa6-aa36-0aa4de2d0782> | CC-MAIN-2020-16 | https://stormlake.org/488/Turkey-Vultures | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585371896913.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20200410110538-20200410141038-00053.warc.gz | en | 0.968529 | 339 | 3.265625 | 3 |
Human anatomy is the study of structure and form of the human body; human physiology is the study if its functions. Understanding how the body is constructed and how the body operates is essential. Read the following case study and complete the questions. Please do not copy and paste the case study into your assignment. The Case of Kenji Oshima: Is Heartburn Dangerous? Introduction Kenji Oshima (called KO) is a 58-year-old man who has not been to the doctors office for many years. He hasnt had a physical exam by a healthcare provider in over 15 years, which is not uncommon for men of his age. He has had insurance provided by his employer, but he hasnt used it because he hasnt been sick. Unfortunately, over the last 8 months this has changed. In this period, KO inexplicably lost almost 20 pounds, and he just didnt feel very well. He frequently become short of breath and nauseated, which was followed by frightening episodes where he became almost feverish and sweaty. He finally decided, with pressure from his wife and daughter, that he needed a full checkup. The history and physical exam (H&P) is a critical tool in the initial evaluation of the healthcare needs of the patient. If the healthcare provider asks the patient the right questions and pays close attention to their answers, the patient will often tell the provider what is wrong with them. There is no substitute for the relationship between patient and healthcare provider. The complete H&P is just as important a tool as x-rays, magnetic resonance imaging (MRIs), lab work, and the multitude of other advanced technological studies available to modern medicine. This case follows KO through his first visit with his new primary care provider. After KO filled out a medical history questionnaire in the waiting area, it didnt take too long for him to be called back to an examination room. The medical assistant took KOs vital signs (blood pressure, temperature, heart rate, and respiratory rate) and measured his height and weight, and then ushered him into a small examination room. KO was given a gown to wear and instructed to disrobe completely under the gown, and then to have a seat on the exam table. Ms. Young, advanced registered nurse practitioner (ARNP), introduced herself as the nurse practitioner who would be asking KO many questions in addition to those on the questionnaire. She said she would also be performing the physical portion of his exam. Miss Young noticed that KOs father had died of gastric cancer at the age of 64. When KO asked if he wasnt supposed to see a doctor rather than a nurse practitioner, Ms. Young explained her role in the family practice medical group, something she explained regularly to new patients. KO wasnt that familiar with the changes in healthcare and the types of providers that were practicing these days. He admitted that he was nervous about the appointment in general and meant no disrespect, but he was curious about Ms. Youngs qualifications and her educational background. Seeing KOs apprehension, Ms. Young encouraged him to ask questions about anything that he felt would put his mind at ease. It is critical to develop a rapport with a new patient that is built on mutual respect and trust. This is the foundation that allows a healthcare provider to ask for and collect sensitive information that patients are sometimes unwilling to discuss even with close family members. In this same way, the study of anatomy and physiology is an important educational foundation to which aspiring healthcare providers must commit themselves. Without a solid foundation, the obligation to lifelong learning that all professions within the healthcare field advocate is a hollow oath. KOs unexplained weight loss, palpable right upper quadrant pain, history of stomach pain made worse by eating, and persistent heartburn were concerning. The nausea could be associated with heartburn, but periodic hot flashes and shortness of breath were out of context with these mostly gastrointestinal symptoms. Ms. Young thought they were all related, but she thought a referral to a specialist was the correct intervention for this patient. She did not feel comfortable formulating a treatment plan without more information than her H&P had provided. KOs Japanese heritage and the fact that his father had died from complications of gastric cancer made the decision to refer KO to a specialist simple. The gastroenterologist, a specialist of the gastrointestinal system, would want several baseline labs prior to seeing KO in his or her office. Ms. Young discussed her plan with KO, as she would need his consent to make these arrangements and she wanted to make sure that he understood why she was referring him to a specialist. KO was disappointed and more than a little frightened, but he understood Ms. Youngs rationale. She discussed her concerns about his family history of gastric cancer, and that his symptoms were beyond her scope of practice to diagnose and treat. She would be happy to continue to see him as a primary care provider nonetheless. KO signed the consent form and was to report to the local clinical laboratory with the list of his lab results that the specialist required for their first visit. Ms. Young recalls her Anatomy & Physiology (A&P) course that initially inspired her to pursue an advanced degree after her Associate of Science in Nursing (ASN). She saw how she began by learning about the smallest building blocks of life and worked her way through increasingly more complex organizational levels of the human body. Define the six levels of organization of the body. Describe each level and explain how it is related to the next higher level. Explain the eleven major organs systems in the body. Anatomical position is assumed when using directional terms to describe, document, and discuss the findings of the examination of different regions of the body. Describe how the body is situated in anatomical position and why it is considered important. Ms. Young is concerned about KOs heartburn symptoms and stomach pain because of the history of gastric cancer in his immediate family. For that reason, she has referred him to a gastroenterologist for a more focused work-up. (a) Describe the location and subdivisions of the ventral cavity and (b) the dorsal cavity. (c) Describe which cavity or cavities the endoscopic device, which looks like a long hose, must travel through to get from the mouth to the stomach. Assignment Expectations Length: 750 1250 words Structure: Include a title page and reference page in APA style. These do not count towards the minimal word amount for this assignment. Be sure to include an introduction and conclusion paragraph for the assignment. References: Use the appropriate APA style in-text citations and references for all resources utilized to answer the questions. Include at least three (3) scholarly sources to support your claims.
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An admission essay is an essay or other written statement by a candidate, often a potential student enrolling in a college, university, or graduate school. You don't have to worry about writing a presentable college admission essay. You can be assured that through our services, we will write the best admission essay for you.
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Our Team (academic writers and editors) make the necessary adjustments to your essay/paper so that it is polished. Besides, we format your document by correctly quoting the sources and creating reference lists per the chosen formats (APA, Harvard, MLA, Chicago / Turabian).
We value our clients' feedback. Our system is designed to ensure that we deliver quality work through the collaborative efforts of our team and clients. If you need an improvement in your paper, you are free to request a revision. In such a case, your paper will be rechecked by the writer or assigned to an editor. Your Satisfaction is our Concern! | <urn:uuid:0c9d08b5-189e-4014-b3d6-890fe2356ae3> | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | https://hireprowriter.com/human-anatomy-is-the-study-of-structure-and-form-of-the-huma/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224648245.63/warc/CC-MAIN-20230602003804-20230602033804-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.97067 | 2,041 | 2.6875 | 3 |
DEAR DOCTOR K: I went to my doctor with some alarming symptoms and he diagnosed me with Bell's palsy. I don't know anything about this condition.
DEAR READER: Bell's palsy, named after the person who first reported it in the medical journals, Charles Bell, is a weakness of the muscles on one side of the face. All muscles in your body take their orders from nerves leading to them. When you think of muscles, you probably think of the big, bulky muscles in your arms and legs. But there are small muscles in your face as well.
Smile as big a grin as you can. Now blink your eyes. Now raise your eyebrows. To do each of these things, your brain sent signals that traveled down certain nerves to the small muscles in your face. Those signals told the muscles to tighten — which, in turn, caused different parts of your face to move in a certain way.
There are two main nerves leading to the facial muscles, one on each side of your face. (Smaller branches of the facial nerves go to the tongue and ear.) Bell's palsy occurs when a facial nerve (usually just one of the two) becomes inflamed and swollen and stops sending signals to muscles in your face. (I've put an illustration that shows an inflamed facial nerve, as happens in Bell's palsy, on my website, http://AskDoctorK.com.)
Your early symptoms may have included changed sensation in part of your face, pain in or around your ear, change in hearing and impaired taste. As the condition progressed, you may have had trouble closing your mouth or one eye. Perhaps you were unable to hold food in your mouth, or your eyes made more tears than usual (or made none, causing the eye to become dry and gritty).
Researchers suspect the nerve inflammation that causes Bell's palsy is often triggered by an infection with a virus, such as herpes simplex. That's the same virus that causes cold sores. Some of the other members of the herpes virus family also may be responsible.
If your symptoms are very mild, you may not need treatment. Otherwise, doctors usually prescribe a corticosteroid called prednisone. Prednisone reduces inflammation and swelling in the affected facial nerve and decreases pain. Some doctors prescribe a combination of prednisone and an antiviral drug that acts against the herpes virus.
If Bell's palsy is making it difficult to close your eyes or to make tears, your cornea can become dry and get scratched. (Your cornea is the curved, transparent dome at the front of your eye.) To prevent this, you must protect your eyes from wind and dust by wearing glasses. You will need to keep your eyes moist with artificial tears during the day and by lubricating your eyes at night with a sterile eye ointment. Sometimes the doctor may suggest that you wear an eye patch for a period of time to keep the eye closed.
The symptoms of Bell's palsy can be frightening, but in most people, symptoms start to improve by two weeks. Most people are back to normal by six months.
Dr. Komaroff is a physician and professor at Harvard Medical School. To send questions, go to http://AskDoctorK.com, or write: Ask Doctor K, 10 Shattuck St., Second Floor, Boston, MA 02115. | <urn:uuid:19c1fca5-a3d7-4fc0-9bf9-e28dc2d18117> | CC-MAIN-2015-14 | http://www.times-standard.com/20140512/ask-doctor-k-researchers-suspect-virus-is-cause-of-bells-palsy | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-14/segments/1427131302318.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20150323172142-00253-ip-10-168-14-71.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.959689 | 694 | 2.984375 | 3 |
Is the Universe Expanding or Contracting?
This philosophy of science paper entitled TIME'S PARADIGM explores time and our perception of existence.
Read the core proposal, Universal Contraction, below.
"In 1931 Edwin Hubble published his findings, that galaxies were predominantly heading away from us, so in essence he and others deduced that the Universe must be expanding..,
recent work doubts the validity of such a claim."
You may first wish to read Time's Paradigm in a Nutshell, a summary of the entire paper
There are some who have suggested that we may not have evolved from a 'Big Bang', that Hubble's Red Shift can be expressed by other means, that mass is increasing or that we just don't know enough to be certain the Universe is expanding.
We know Albert Einstein, himself, had difficulty with an expanding universe. So, too, have later influential scientists, such as Dirac, voiced their concerns.
Is the Universe shrinking, or is it expanding? Most cosmologists are pretty much resigned to the fact that our Universe is expanding. That was their education and their right of passage. They may be right. However, there is growing concern that they may not be.
The evidence for contraction is compelling. From matter in collapse giving the impression of an expanding universe, to those that argue a Big Bang is fundamentally inconsistent with our laws of physics. The underlying reasons for these hypothesises is surely not to discredit earlier postulates, but simply to expand our knowledge and reach.
Time is a vast subject encompassing many disciplines. This paper, Time's Paradigm, is an in-depth study engaging all; not just physics, but predominantly psychology and our perception of reality. For simplicity, the core postulate of this paper is expressed below, however, for an overview of the entire article and a Table of Contents, please visit the Home Page.
It is well understood that bodies with relativistic speeds will experience a shortening of distances and a reduction in the rate of their clock readings relative to others, observing only that the speed of light (c) holds true and constant. However, this does cause some confusion for those wishing to conceptualise how known standards can warp by such extremes.
Human perception is baffled by such abnormalities. We find it hard to accept that a distance can be measured to be different by different observers, that the space between objects can shrink at will while time appears to be quite flexible. This is particularly the case because we do not reside, as far as we are aware, in an inertial frame of reference travelling at any great velocity. Regardless, distances and times should remain true, unquestionable constants, but they don't.
The awkwardness of appreciating these space/time inconsistencies within the framework of Special Relativity (SR) may be resolved by this simple hypothesis, called Universal Contraction (UC):
“Bodies in the Universe are in constant and uniform collapse by an amount inversely related to their velocities”.
That bodies of mass are reducing or contracting relative to their velocities, rather than the standard view that says, mass increases with velocity, does not constitute a conflict with SR. Observers with slower speeds contract at a greater rate. They measure those with greater speeds as increasing in mass due to slower contraction, indicative of SR. It can be argued that SR does not say we increase in mass, i.e. get bigger, because that really makes no sense; so, to avoid such an apparent incongruity, the increase in mass was given a special name: Relativistic Mass. UC states that there is no actual increase in mass at high speed, we merely slow contraction.
Distances, time and lengths can now be seen to change physically and differently dependent on an observers relative speed. At speeds approaching (c), a body will practically cease contraction and observable surroundings in faster contraction will thus be measured from the reference frame of the body to have distances and lengths reduced by an amount as expressed by the Lorentz factor. However, bodies at relativistic speed would not actually be able to perceive slower frames of reference in contraction.
This Hypothesis Further States:
1. Bodies in the Universe are subject to overall contraction. The greater a body's velocity, the more it resists collapse.
2. At (c), all energy is uni-directional, and particulate functionality at the atomic level is deprived and ceases, as does collapse.
3. Contraction of matter in the Universe is a measure of functionality, the faster a body contracts the faster its clock ticks. At zero velocity (z), particulate energy is absolute, with no interference from progression through space to hinder total collapse.
4. Distances between bodies are proportionally reduced by the contraction of matter. Space exists only between matter and, therefore, is not infinite. It is contained in all directions due the cyclical nature of the Universe.
5. The Universe is neither expanding nor contracting. Its contents is collapsing towards the future, while it appears to be expanding. In this model the past and the future exist together (the Block Universe), as a solid fractal progression.
6. All matter emerges into existence in the Universe at (c), called their 'Universal Origin'.
7. The spatial dimensions of matter merge to redundancy at (z), called a 'Singular State'.
8. (c) and (z) are both attributes of the same event. At (z) a singular state will re-emerge as uni-dimensional matter at (c). The overall energy of the Universe remains constant, and time is shown to function as a cycle.
9. The universal contraction of matter and, therefore, time, is a cycle which flows in one direction only.
Both time and space, and thus acceleration, are commonly measured on linear scales. However, linear measurements preclude progress along their lengths. They have finite ends which, as such, cannot be reached, and from which uncertainty, and so motion, is denied. Cyclical processes allow progress by eliminating finite points. Universal Contraction of matter states that time and space are cyclical, there was no beginning of time and existence, there was no Big Bang.
Time is now given a place of significance. Motion is no longer a guiding principle. Bodies, which previously were only thought to have freedom of movement in three dimensions, can now be understood to flow in contraction through all three simultaneously, thus progressing in a fourth. This paper strongly advocates a static universe, block theory, where physical motion is the illusion and progress is only in time.
By accepting a cyclical function for time, we do away with a beginning and an end, we contain energy, we dispense with innumerable constants and infinities, and we can study all aspects of our existence under one umbrella. The notion that the entire contents of our Universe is in contraction may, in itself, be confounding to some. The favoured view is that our Universe is expanding. That is indeed the case, but while it appears to be expanding in three dimensional observation, it is also contracting through a so far unobserved fourth, time.
Read Abstract, for a brief outline of arguments.
Or, peruse this Summary, for a more detailed introduction to the entire paper.
Read here on line or click to download TIME'S PARADIGM the full 1.3mb article in Adobe pdf
Home - pt1. Destiny - pt2. Time - pt3. Infinity - pt4. Dimensions - pt5. Velocity - pt6. Travel - pt7. Wrapper
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A synopsis of a work in progress. Copyright: A. Graham, 1988 - 2018
No unauthorised use of the material published or the concepts described herein is permitted. | <urn:uuid:cff52fe9-fbbd-4988-b9cc-93b5a6a949d1> | CC-MAIN-2018-17 | http://www.timesparadigm.com/universe-expanding-or-contracting.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-17/segments/1524125944677.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20180420174802-20180420194802-00409.warc.gz | en | 0.948648 | 1,621 | 2.75 | 3 |
Teach Receptive and Expressive ID of Colors. Using a cutout view to decrease visual stimuli students focus on one color and one response at a time. Ask student to expressively ID a color when color dot is shown in isolation. When the dots are in an array of 3 ask student to receptively ID the color being taught. Student focuses on one color at a time for 16 trials. When the student masters one color, introduce another. Mix mastered colors. Great addition to any color unit. Great extra practice for home/school.
Cute Book to read with Activity: Put Me in the Zoo by Robert Lopshire | <urn:uuid:e3b215c3-d38a-4610-946b-16500931ac4b> | CC-MAIN-2017-22 | https://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Product/Receptive-and-Expressive-ID-of-Colors-2560203 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-22/segments/1495463608067.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20170525121448-20170525141448-00115.warc.gz | en | 0.906802 | 128 | 3.390625 | 3 |
Generation Insights transform from one generation to another and involve change. Each generation wants to do more and be more. Work ethics, family structure, values and environmental concerns have changed dramatically over the 100 plus years. When you think of generations from the horse and buggy age of seclusion to where technology rules to the point of intruding in all areas of our lives, it is a bit overwhelming to grasp.
Personally I enjoy the use of internet and check my email daily. As with anything, I’m aware technology can be a good thing provided it is applied with moderation. Today the techno generation has their gadgets in hand from the break of dawn to nights end. The more techno time spent with gadgets, the less time we spend with “real” people and having “eye to eye conversations. Thus balance and moderation come into play. Perhaps at some point I’ll learn to master both… spending time with people and enjoying technology, separately.
Time changes family and social dynamics from one generation to another. It doesn’t mean one generation was/is better than the other. Each generation has its good and not so good points. Sometimes less is better (i.e. — the horse and buggy days, more time with family) and the same applies to more can be better (24/7 global media and social interaction via internet).
I provided information below displaying comparisons of generations over the years. Click on generational chart to view differences that have taken place over the past 100 years.
Traditionalists – Also known as Veterans, Silent, Moral Authority, Radio Babies and The Forgotten Generation
- Approximate Birth Years — 1900-1945
- Ages 63-86
Baby Boomers – Described as the “Me” Generation and Moral Authority
- Approximate Birth Years — 1946-1964
- Ages 44-62
Generation X – Called Gen X, Xers, The Doer, Post Boomers and 13th Generation
- Approximate Birth Years — 1965-1980
- Ages 28-43
Millennials – Generation Y, Gen Y, Generation Next, Echo Boomers, Chief Friendship Officers and 24/7’s
- Approximate Birth Years — 1981-2000
- Ages 8-27
Generation Z – New Silent Generation or Generation Z; Realistic, resilient while understanding and confronting problems.²
- Approximate Birth Years — 2001-Current
- Ages 1-13
Topics for Discussion:
- History tends to repeat itself. Do you see any repetitive generation trends overlapping from precious into your generation?
- What tradition would you like to see return to the current generation?
- In your opinion, what generation do you see as the most influential?
While researching information in regards to the generations over the years, I learned much and better appreciate how each generation faces individual challenges. I would like to think that each generation has brought something forward into the next!
¹Google.com – Generational Charts
²About.com – Names of Generations
One generation shall commend your works to another
and shall declare your mighty acts. ~Psalm 145:4 | <urn:uuid:9446391a-4f16-4b60-af67-d425d62b1a6d> | CC-MAIN-2017-47 | http://maineniche.com/generation-insights/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-47/segments/1510934806465.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20171122050455-20171122070455-00689.warc.gz | en | 0.898632 | 649 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Paleoceanographic context of organic matter deposition on the Yangtze Craton, South China during the Ediacaran Period
Elucidating mineral dissolution and precipitation mechanisms.
Using boron isotopes as a tracer of habitat and diet.
Examining lithium isotopes as a tracer of silicate weathering through a river time-series
Examining lithium isotopes as a tracer of silicate weathering rates.
“Enhanced weathering CO2 sequestration experiments at 4°C”
Dr Tianchen He
Evolution of marine redox condition and seawater chemistry during Cambrian period
Constructing a seawater strontium isotope curve for the Neoproterozoic Era.
A modelling and geochemical study of the Selenium isotopic cycle and the associated rise in atmospheric oxygen
“The Mg isotope composition of basaltic rivers in the Azores”
“Reactive flow modelling of Li isotopes in soil core experiments”
If you are interested in research in these areas, please contact me.
- Quantifying Isotope fractionation during adsorption. Adsorption onto mineral surfaces is a process that controls a large part of the isotope signal during weathering. However, the amount of fractionation is poorly constrained. We are conducting laboratory experiments under different conditions to determine these effects.
- Changes in CO2 drawdown since the Last Glacial Maximum: the past 18,000 years have seen an overall warming trend, even before humans started influencing the climate. Atmospheric CO2 concentrations have risen. As yet, however, we do not understand how the climate system evolved under these changing conditions. The answer could be archived in cave carbonates (speleothems), which we are examining.
- Weathering through the PETM: the Palaeocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum was a period of rapid climate warming 56 million years ago. Accompanied by a CO2 rise and ocean acidification, as well as extinction, it is used as an analogy of current and future climate change. However as yet we do not understand the recovery from this period of warming, and this is what we are studying. | <urn:uuid:b795df40-1329-4706-bcf4-6081959d6b36> | CC-MAIN-2021-39 | http://philippoggevonstrandmann.com/366-2 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780057508.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20210924080328-20210924110328-00392.warc.gz | en | 0.894306 | 454 | 2.78125 | 3 |
1509–64, French Protestant theologian of the Reformation, b. Noyon, Picardy.
Calvin early prepared for an ecclesiastical career; from 1523 to 1528 he studied in Paris. His opinions gradually turned to disagreement with the Roman position, and a demonstrated ability at disputation led him in 1528, at his father's instance, to study law at Orléans and Bourges. After his father's death in 1531 he returned to Paris, where he pursued his own predilection, the study of the classics and Hebrew. He came under the humanist influence and became interested in the growing rebellion against conservative theology. He experienced c.1533 what he later described as a “sudden conversion,” and he turned all his attention to the cause of the Reformation.
As a persecuted Protestant, Calvin found it necessary to travel from place to place, and at Angoulême in 1534 he began the work of systematizing Protestant thought in his Institutes of the Christian Religion, considered one of the most influential theological works of all time. Completed at Basel in 1536 and later frequently revised and supplemented, the original work contained the basic Calvinist theology. In the Institutes Calvin diverged from Catholic doctrine in the rejection of papal authority and in acceptance of justification by faith alone, but many of his other positions, including the fundamental doctrine of predestination, had been foreshadowed by Catholic reformers and by the Protestant thought of Martin Luther and Martin Bucer.
In 1536, Calvin was persuaded by Guillaume Farel to devote himself to the work of the Reformation at Geneva, and there Calvin instituted the most thoroughgoing development of his doctrine. At first the Genevans were unable to accept the austere reforms and departures from established church customs, and in 1538 the opposition succeeded in banishing Farel and Calvin from the city. Calvin went to Basel and then to Strasbourg, where he spent three fruitful years preaching and writing.
By 1541 the Genevans welcomed Calvin, and he immediately set himself to the task of constructing a government based on the subordination of the state to the church. Once the Bible is accepted as the sole source of God's law, the duty of humans is to interpret it and preserve the orderly world that God has ordained. This goal Calvin set out to achieve through the establishment of ecclesiastical discipline, in which the magistrates had the task of enforcing the religious teachings of the church as set forth by the synod. The Genevan laws and constitution were recodified; regulation of conduct was extended to all areas of life. Ecclesiastical discipline was supplemented by a systematized theology, with the sacraments of baptism and the Lord's Supper given to unite believers in the fellowship of Jesus.
Calvin wrote extensively on all theological and practical matters. He was involved in many controversies. Among them were his violent opposition to the Anabaptists; his disagreement with the Lutherans over the Lord's Supper, which resulted in the separation of the Evangelical Church into Lutheran and Reformed; and his condemnation of the anti-Trinitarian views of Michael Servetus, which ended in the notorious trial and burning of Servetus in 1553.
The extension of Calvinism to all spheres of human activity was extremely important to a world emerging from an agrarian, medieval economy into a commercial, industrial era. Unlike Luther, who desired a return to primitive simplicity, Calvin accepted the newborn capitalism and encouraged trade and production, at the same time opposing the abuses of exploitation and self-indulgence. Industrialization was stimulated by the concepts of thrift, industry, sobriety, and responsibility that Calvin preached as essential to the achievement of the reign of God on earth. The influence of Calvinism spread throughout the entire Western world, realizing its purest forms through the work of John Knox in Scotland and through the clergymen and laymen of the civil war period in England and the Puritan moralists in New England.
- See selections from his writings, ed. by J. Dillenberger (1971);.
- John Calvin (1931, repr. 1968);. ,
- John Calvin (1931);. ,
- John Calvin (1946);. ,
- John Calvin and the Influence of Protestantism on National Life and Character (1946);. ,
- John Calvin and the Calvinist Tradition (tr. 1960);. ,
- John Calvin, the Church, and the Eucharist (1967);. ,
- John Calvin (1989). ,
French-born ecclesiastical statesman and theologian (1509-64), founder of Calvinism . Already known for his Protestant writings, on passing...
(1509-1564) John Calvin was born in Noyon, Picardy, in northern France. His father was an ecclesiastical and civil notary, and his mother was a...
Calvin was born in Noyon, Picardy and was trained as a lawyer. By 1533 he was an avowed Protestant and was compelled to leave... | <urn:uuid:7c4889d7-65c1-44b1-921b-d8e5b4e955e4> | CC-MAIN-2018-43 | https://search.credoreference.com/content/topic/calvin_john_1509_1564 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-43/segments/1539583514355.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20181021203102-20181021224602-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.974199 | 1,050 | 3.65625 | 4 |
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The rarest substance is the universe is probably the quark-gluon plasma or something like it. This is a phase of matter generated only under the most intense temperatures and pressures. For most of the first millionth of a second after the Big Bang, the explosive event that created our universe, all matter was in the form of a quark-gluon plasma. Quarks and gluons are particles that make up nucleons like neutrons and protons, which in turn make up the atoms that constitute all matter. Quarks are the particles with mass, while gluons are the force-mediating particles that "glue" the quarks together.
Though the quark-gluon plasma is currently a contender for the rarest substance in the universe, at its start, it was the normal state of matter. A quark-gluon plasma is a bath of almost-free quarks and gluons, which typically are tightly locked into nucleons. Conventional nucleons are so tightly held together that even a nuclear explosion or the temperature and pressure at the core of the Sun is not enough to shake them apart. Free quarks have never been observed, and some physicists think the very phenomenon of free quarks is physically impossible.
Quark-gluon plasma is created in some unusual circumstances outside of the Big Bang. We've been able to produce it at will in particle accelerators, using huge amounts of energy focused on heavy ions, since the year 2000. It took about two decades of trying to create it, the rarest substance we know of. The feat was accomplished at the CERN particle accelerator in Switzerland. More recently, CERN's Large Hadron Collider is conducting experiments on the quark-gluon plasma.
The quark-gluon plasma may not actually be the rarest substance if it turns out to exist in the centers of extremely massive stars. Some neutron stars (the remnant left by some of the largest supernovas) are more dense than would be predicted by theory, causing some scientists to suspect that these are not actually neutron stars, but actually quark stars. Neutron stars have a radius between 10 and 20 km (6 - 12 mi), but a mass slightly larger than that of the Sun. In contrast, quark stars, if they exist, would have a radius between 3 and 9 km (2-6 mi) and a mass comparable to neutron stars, making them the most dense objects in the universe. The supernova remnant RX J1856.5-3754, the neutron star closest to Earth, is one potential candidate for being a quark star.
There are other substances that contend for the title of rarest substance in the universe. These include the exotic particles created under very high energy cosmic ray collisions, and other exotic particles that existed at the dawn of the universe but have never been seen since. Antimatter does not qualify as the rarest substance in the universe because it can still be found floating in space practically everywhere, albeit in very low proportions.
One of our editors will review your suggestion and make changes if warranted. Note that depending on the number of suggestions we receive, this can take anywhere from a few hours to a few days. Thank you for helping to improve wiseGEEK! | <urn:uuid:49350bdf-d418-44d8-8507-d0d64f49239d> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-the-rarest-substance-in-the-universe.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422115858580.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124161058-00169-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.947887 | 689 | 3.453125 | 3 |
Free essay on cellular respiration available totally free at echeatcom, the largest free essay community. Emma barnes biology respiration and photosynthesis cycle according to the syllabus and instructors post, week 3 assignment is to describe the stage. 1 glycolysi (definition slide) a glucose to pyruvate or pyruvic acid b produce atp c occurs in cytoplasm 2 convert pyruvate to acetyl-coa and krebs cycle/citric. Introduction this is an investigation of the effect of the intensity of light (photosynthesis) have on the rate of cellular respiration (measured as the nu.
Cellular respiration in this lab the effects of different substrates on the rate of cellular respiration is being put to a test which is a very interesting experiment. Cellular respiration lab report wednesday 8:00 am lab march 2nd, 2005 i introduction in this lab we are measuring the amount of oxygen used in both. Respiration essay bio cellular ap essay on population control in hindi language pack books are our best friends essay in english for class 4 hits dissertation.
Ap biology essay questions b describe the role of membranes in the synthesis of atp in either cellular respiration or photosynthesis 15. Essays from bookrags provide great ideas for cellular respiration essays and paper topics like essay view this student essay about cellular respiration. The stages of cellular respiration and photosynthesis essay 581 words | 3 pages the cellular respiration and photosynthesis form a critical cycle of energy and. Purpose: the purpose of this lab is to measure the consumption of oxygen by respiring seeds and to compare respiration rate at two different temperatures. Read this essay on cellular respiration come browse our large digital warehouse of free sample essays get the knowledge you need in order to pass your classes and more.
Biology – 41 introduction to cellular respiration and fermentation: aerobic cellular respiration: is the process that extracts energy from food in the. Answer the following questions: cellular respiration: • what is cellular respiration and what are its three stages cellular respiration is a way cells store food. Research paper about religion cellular respiration essay do book report rudiment papers research. Previous ib exam essay questions: unit 5 explain the similarities and differences in anaerobic and aerobic cellular respiration 8 marks. Objective of the research to find out whether the big goldfish or the little goldfish will produce more co 2 if contained in the same amount of water.
Cellular respiration cellular respiration is a chemical process that produces adenosine triphosphate, or otherwise known as atp for energy that is also. Cellular respiration cellular respiration is the process by which food molecules like glucose are being oxidized to produce carbon dioxide and molecules of water. Cellular respiration and krebs cycle essay chapter 4 respiration what is the first stage of the breakdown of glucose, common to both aerobic and anaerobic respiration. Cellular respiration is a very complex process that consists of many steps that take place inside the cell, in an organelle called a mitochondrion.
Read cellular respiration free essay and over 87,000 other research documents cellular respiration cellular respiration lab report wednesday 8:00 am lab march 2nd. Cellular respiration essays cellular respiration begins with glucose glucose is the primary fuel used in glycolysis, the first stage of cellular respiration this. Possible photosynthesis & respiration essay questions collegenow biology exam 1 aerobic multi-cellular organisms need oxygen in order to live. | <urn:uuid:88f02ab0-fd51-4372-a114-95f838dcc948> | CC-MAIN-2018-43 | http://fjhomeworkopry.komedo.info/essay-for-cellular-respiration.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-43/segments/1539583513009.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20181020163619-20181020185119-00145.warc.gz | en | 0.890795 | 726 | 2.96875 | 3 |
Sustainable Living: Washing Clothes Sustainable Living: Washing Clothes
In a time that many individuals are becoming increasingly aware of the harmful effects that our daily lives are causing the environment, sustainable living is becoming more popular. From lowering the water temperature within the washing machine to using eco-friendly laundry detergent, there are a variety of ways to be environmentally conscientious while washing clothes.
Perhaps the most important way to practice sustainable living when it comes to washing clothes would be to decrease the frequency that the washing machine is being used. Rather than washing towels after each use, consider using them two or three times before placing in the laundry pile. Similarly, consider wearing items of clothing more than once before washing.
Because Energy Star-qualified washing machines use approximately 30 percent less energy and 50 percent less water than traditional washing machines, it is of utmost importance to purchase an energy efficient washing machine. Not only should a consumer purchase an energy efficient washing machine, the size of the washer should be taken into consideration at the time of purchase. A large-capacity washing machine will decrease the number of loads of laundry that are being washed, leading to additional energy and water conservation.
To decrease the amount of hot water that is being generated during the wash cycle, using the lowest temperature setting possible is recommended. Reserve the warm and hot settings for use only with heavily soiled clothing, which requires warmer temperature for stain removal. In addition, turn the thermostat down on the household water heater to conserve more energy.
When loading the washing machine, fill the washer to capacity, being careful not to overload the machine. To maximize energy conservation, only wash full loads of laundry. When a small load of laundry must be washed, pay close attention to the size selection on the washer, ensuring the selector is set to the lowest setting possible.
To contribute further to sustainable living, consider the type of laundry detergent that is being used. Use an eco-friendly laundry detergent and avoid the use of bleach and other harsh cleansers. A variety of recipes for homemade eco-friendly laundry detergents can be found on the Internet. These concoctions can be used in most washing machines, preferable those that have not been upgraded to an energy start rating. The majority of high efficiency washing machines require the use of a certain laundry detergent to prevent the warranty from being voided.
Although dryers use approximately the same amount of energy from model to model, energy can still be conserved during the drying process. The most effective way to save energy during the drying process is by hanging clothing to air-dry. If the dryer is preferred, separate each piece of clothing before adding to the dryer. Use the auto-dry feature on the dryer and avoid using the dryer to "fluff" clothing. Because a dryer filter that is full of lint will restrict flow, the performance of the dryer will be less efficient, leading to an increase in energy use. | <urn:uuid:3a0b4f02-2b8c-4b2c-a157-55c4f3e9497c> | CC-MAIN-2018-30 | https://www.doityourself.com/stry/sustainable-living-washing-clothes | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-30/segments/1531676589536.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20180716232549-20180717012549-00337.warc.gz | en | 0.926871 | 603 | 3.09375 | 3 |
National Addiction Statistics
Recovery is the solution to our country's addiction epidemic.
Addiction is a Disease
From the American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM): Addiction is a primary, chronic disease of brain reward, motivation, memory and related circuitry. Dysfunction in these circuits leads to characteristic biological, psychological, social and spiritual manifestations. This is reflected in an individual pathologically pursuing reward and/or relief by substance use and other behaviors. Addiction is characterized by inability to consistently abstain, impairment in behavioral control, craving, diminished recognition of significant problems with one’s behaviors and interpersonal relationships, and a dysfunctional emotional response. Like other chronic diseases, addiction often involves cycles of relapse and remission. Without treatment or engagement in recovery activities, addiction is progressive and can result in disability or premature death.
According to the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), 19.7 million American adults (aged 12 and older) battled a Substance Use Disorder in 2017.
National Drug Overdose Deaths
According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, more than 70,200 Americans died from drug overdoses in 2017, including illicit drugs and prescription opioids - a 2-fold increase in a decade.
Drug use and addiction cost American society more than $740 billion annually in lost workplace productivity, healthcare expenses, and crime-related costs, according to the National Institute on Drug Abuse. | <urn:uuid:22ce703a-5a89-48da-9175-9f7f1feea72f> | CC-MAIN-2021-10 | https://mcshin.org/education/national-addiction-statistics/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-10/segments/1614178351134.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20210225124124-20210225154124-00115.warc.gz | en | 0.903524 | 281 | 3.296875 | 3 |
It was in 1927 when Merck launched the first vitamin preparation in the market under the name of Vigantol(R). And then in 1934, Cebion, the first vitamin C preparation was also marketed by Merck. These breakthrough products made Merck a pioneer in the vitamin manufacturing.
In 1962, Neurobion, vitamin B1 B6 and B12 combination was first registered in Europe. At the end of the 50’s, scientists aimed to combine cyanocobalamin (B12) with B1 and B6, two other neurotropic agents. Merck’s state-of-the-art analytical methods help in developing a stable formulation which ultimately resulted in the introduction of Neurobion for injection and for oral use.
Popularly known as ‘house of vitamins’, since the inception, Merck is a leader in the category of vitamin deficiency with a range of Vitamins used in various conditions such as Peripheral Neuropathy, Diabetic Neuropathy, Male Infertility, Coronary arterial disease, Fibrocystic Breast diseases, Dysmenorrhea, Muscle Cramps (intermittent claudication), and Nutritional Deficiency. | <urn:uuid:ebe17617-ca2a-4f89-a114-4e97aa7def1e> | CC-MAIN-2014-42 | http://www.merckserono.in/en/therapy_areas/vitamin/vitamin.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-42/segments/1413507444774.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20141017005724-00231-ip-10-16-133-185.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.928061 | 248 | 2.640625 | 3 |
Dolphins are marine animals which nurse their offsprings, which means that they are mammals they are warm blooded animals and they need to breathe air. See a rich collection of stock images, vectors, or photos for dolphin background you can buy on shutterstock explore quality images, photos, art & more. The dolphins within a community share similar home ranges, and they associate together frequently home-range boundaries are often marked by. The remnants of vibrissae follicles are still found on the rostrum of guiana dolphins even mammalian research, and chapter includes background information. Irrawaddy dolphins (mammalian species orcaella brevirostris before an irrawaddy dolphin dives, it usually surfaces two times. The cetaceans (whales, dolphins and porpoises) are descendants of land-living mammals, and remnants of their terrestrial origins can be found in the fact that they must breathe air from the surface in the bones of their fins, which look like huge, jointed hands and in the vertical movement of their spines, characteristic more of a running. List of mammals of california though long extirpated from the state, the grizzly bear remains the 11 species of dolphins occur in california's waters.
Photo about dolphins are playing with water in the pool image of fish, mammals, aquatic - 40393143 dolphins in the pool spring background of tulip field. Take a look at how the colors aqua and orange represent the miami dolphins and the city of miami perfectly. A marine mammal behaviorist hopes someday to begin real-time two-way communication, in which dolphins take the initiative to interact with humans. How did these terrestrial ancestors morph over millions of years into the whales and dolphins we going aquatic: cetacean evolution part of a mammalian.
Dolphins: mama baby animal dolphin mother ph wallpaper pictures hd dolphins astral animals picture gallery sweet dolphins tree sea nature high quality picture leap faith stars tropical sea dolphins hd desktop. Basically, cetacean brains show the typical mammalian bauplan and are as and the need of background noise in dolphins in comparison with other mammals.
Age, growth, and population dynamics of common bottlenose dolphins ( tursiops truncatus ) along coastal texas a thesis by rachel dawn neuenhoff. The gulf of mexico teems with a much greater number and range of whales, dolphins, and other mammalian species than was suspected only a few years ago in the marine mammals of the gulf of mexico, bernd würsig, thomas a jefferson, and david j schmidly provide information on all known species.
The dolphins of the genus stenella belong to the mammalian atlantic spotted dolphin stenella frontalis striped dolphins are light spots on a dark background. Yes, dolphins are mammals just like us they do not have gills like fish, and have to come to the surface to breathe.
Beautiful sexy lady posing on white background artiodactyla, mammalian predators and animals set collection icons in black style raster,bitmap dolphins icon. Yes dolphins, like whales, are actually mammals dolphins and whales breathe air and have to surface eventuallyapparently fish like mammals. Are dolphins mammals yes dolphins are mammals or rather marine mammals further evidence of their mammalian past can be. | <urn:uuid:e51892b4-d439-40ab-a6e2-37d830ddc9f2> | CC-MAIN-2018-26 | http://hwessayusfd.michellany.us/the-background-of-mammalian-dolphins.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-26/segments/1529267864943.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20180623054721-20180623074721-00347.warc.gz | en | 0.910785 | 684 | 3.078125 | 3 |
Two thirds of our planet is covered by oceans and seas. Over recent decades developments in ocean science have dramatically improved our understanding of the key role oceans play in the Earth System, and how vital they are for regulating global climate. Humans depend on the oceans for many resources, but at the same time their impacts on the marine systems around the world are of increasing concern. Introducing Oceanography has been written by two leading oceanographers to provide a succinct overview of the science of the study of the seas for students and for the interested adult wanting a topical guide to this enormous and complex subject. The initial chapters describe the oceans and the forces at work within them. The authors then discuss the effects of light, the chemistry of the seas and the food web before surveying biological oceanography in the main oceanic regions. The final chapter looks at the methodology of ocean study. Copiously illustrated, this book is intended for those whose interest in oceanography has been stimulated, perhaps by media coverage of declining resources or climate change and who want to know more.
Technical terms are kept to a minimum and are explained in a glossary.
David N. Thomas and David C. Bowers are colleagues at the School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Wales, although Professor David N. Thomas currently spends much of his time working at the Marine Centre of the Finnish Environment Institute in Helsinki.
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US emergency departments see 4 million patients with dizziness or vertigo annually. The most common causes are benign inner ear problems, but some are dangerous strokes in the back part of the brain that controls balance. We now spend more than $9 billion on diagnostic workups, but still misclassify 80% of inner ear causes and miss 35% of strokes, resulting in thousands of preventable deaths and disabilities. Evidence-based methods, using rapid bedside eye-movement exams, distinguish strokes from inner-ear diseases with 99% accuracy. Unfortunately, these have not yet been widely adopted in routine emergency department practice. Implementing evidence-based diagnosis for dizziness nationwide could save thousands of lives and more than $1 billion annually. New devices that measure eye movements could facilitate dissemination of this new approach, fundamentally transforming diagnosis for dizziness in the emergency department.
Dr. David E. Newman-Toker is Associate Professor of Neurology and Otolaryngology at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, with joint appointments in Health Sciences Informatics, Emergency Medicine and Epidemiology. His training is in Neurology, Neuro-ophthalmology, Neuro-otology, and Clinical Research Methods. Dr. Newman-Toker’s clinical interest is in diagnosis of acute disorders affecting the brainstem and cranial nerves, particularly stroke. His research mission is to achieve better outcomes through better diagnosis. His team’s work has focused on errors in diagnosis, test overuse, decision modeling, clinical algorithms, new diagnostic technologies, and decision support to reduce misdiagnosis and improve efficiency in frontline diagnosis. He has been the principal investigator for multiple NIH, AHRQ and foundation grants on these topics. He has published more than 50 peer-reviewed journal articles and given more than 100 invited lectures on diagnosing acute dizziness and diagnostic errors. His work has been recognized through membership in the Delta Omega Honorary Society in Public Health, the American Neurological Association, and the international Bárány Society.
Learn more about Dr. Newman-Toker
Watch Can New Tech Diagnose a Stroke?
A CBS This Morning news video with Dr. Newman-Toker about the stroke googles.
Newman-Toker Collection, NOVEL (Neuro-Ophthalmology Virtual Education Library)
A collection of articles and video clips on Dr. Newman-Tokers research. | <urn:uuid:a822e3a5-63b5-4595-ae03-a20a55bedfe6> | CC-MAIN-2018-34 | https://www.brainscienceinstitute.org/brain_talk/diagnosing_strokes_in_patients_with_vertigo | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-34/segments/1534221213693.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20180818173743-20180818193743-00533.warc.gz | en | 0.913741 | 487 | 2.640625 | 3 |
Atmel Corp. has released its first new memory chip in more than a decade, a serial EEPROM that needs only a data line and ground. It derives all the power it needs from its interface with the MCU host. The device targets applications such as electronic cable identification, wearable IoT devices, and consumable products needing electronic identification.
The AT21CS01/11 series devices provide 1024 bits of storage organized as four, 32-byte zones, each of which can be individually write protected to make them tamper-proof. In addition, the devices offer a 64-bit security register factory-programmed with a unique serial number, and a 16-byte user-programmable register that can both also be write-protected. The device's power requirements typically call for 700 nA standby current, 80 µA read current, and 200 µA write current at 25°C,. As many as eight devices can be accessed on a single bus. | <urn:uuid:3bb53756-082e-46f4-a908-3a0a91fafc87> | CC-MAIN-2021-43 | https://www.embedded.com/one-wire-eeprom-gets-power-from-data-interface/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323585201.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20211018093606-20211018123606-00599.warc.gz | en | 0.94071 | 194 | 2.703125 | 3 |
|Cultural origins||Late 1970s and early 1980s, North America|
The genre features a distinctive record production style, drum machine-backed rhythms, pitch corrected vocals, and a smooth, lush style of vocal arrangement. Electronic influences are becoming an increasing trend and the use of hip hop or dance-inspired beats are typical, although the roughness and grit inherent in hip hop may be reduced and smoothed out. Contemporary R&B vocalists often use melisma, and since the mid-1980s, R&B rhythms have been combined with elements of hip hop culture and music and pop culture and pop music.
According to Geoffrey Himes speaking in 1989, the progressive soul movement of the early 1970s "expanded the musical and lyrical boundaries of [R&B] in ways that haven't been equaled since". This movement was led by soul singer-songwriter/producers such as Curtis Mayfield, Marvin Gaye, and Stevie Wonder. Norman Whitfield's productions at Motown, the record label of Gaye, were also pioneering for setting the soul vocals and simple hooks of earlier rhythm and blues records against strong backbeats, vocal harmonies, and orchestral sounds, all of which thickened the texture of the music. Gaye's own music on albums such as What's Going On (1971) incorporated jazz influences that led the genre into a looser musical direction.
The nearest precursor to contemporary R&B came at the end of the disco era in the late 1970s, when Michael Jackson and Quincy Jones added more electronic elements to the sound of the time, creating a smoother dancefloor-friendly style. The first result was Off the Wall (1979), which—according to Stephen Thomas Erlewine from AllMusic—"was a visionary album, that found a way to break disco wide open into a new world where the beat was undeniable, but not the primary focus" and "was part of a colorful tapestry of lush ballads and strings, smooth soul and pop, soft rock, and alluring funk".
Richard J. Ripani wrote that Janet Jackson's Control (1986) was "important to the development of R&B for several reasons", as she and her producers, Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis, "crafted a new sound that fuses the rhythmic elements of funk and disco, along with heavy doses of synthesizers, percussion, sound effects, and a rap music sensibility." Ripani wrote that "the success of "Control" led to the incorporation of stylistic traits of rap over the next few years, and Janet Jackson was to continue to be one of the leaders in that development." That same year, Teddy Riley began producing R&B recordings that included hip hop influences. This combination of R&B style and hip hop rhythms was termed "new jack swing" and was applied to artists such as Keith Sweat, Bobby Brown, Johnny Kemp, and Bell Biv DeVoe.
During the mid-1990s, Whitney Houston's The Bodyguard: Original Soundtrack Album eventually sold over 45 million copies worldwide becoming the best-selling soundtrack of all time. Janet Jackson's self-titled fifth studio album janet. (1993), which came after her multimillion-dollar contract with Virgin Records, sold over 14 million copies worldwide. Boyz II Men and Mariah Carey recorded several Billboard Hot 100 No. 1 hits, including "One Sweet Day", a collaboration between both acts, which became the longest-running No. 1 hit in Hot 100 history. Carey also released a remix of her 1995 single "Fantasy", with Ol' Dirty Bastard as a feature, a collaboration format that was unheard of at this point. Carey, Boyz II Men and TLC released albums in 1994 and 1995—Daydream.
In the late 1990s, neo soul, which added 1970s soul influences to the hip hop soul blend, arose, led by artists such as Erykah Badu, Lauryn Hill and Maxwell. Hill and Missy Elliott further blurred the line between R&B and hip hop by recording both styles. Beginning in 1995, the Grammy Awards enacted the Grammy Award for Best R&B Album, with II by Boyz II Men becoming the first recipient. The award was later received by TLC for CrazySexyCool in 1996, Tony Rich for Words in 1997, Erykah Badu for Baduizm in 1998 and Lauryn Hill for The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill in 1999. At the end of 1999, Billboard magazine ranked Mariah Carey and Janet Jackson as the first and second most successful artists of the 1990s.
Following periods of fluctuating success, urban music attained commercial dominance during the early 2000s, which featured massive crossover success on the Billboard charts by R&B and hip hop artists.
In 2001, Alicia Keys released "Fallin'" as her debut single. It peaking at number one on the Billboard Hot 100, Mainstream Top 40 and Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs charts. It won three Grammy Awards in 2002, including Song of the Year, Best R&B Song, and Best Female R&B Vocal Performance. It was also nominated for Record of the Year. Beyoncé's solo studio debut album Dangerously in Love (2003) has sold over 5 million copies in the United States and earned five Grammy Awards.
Usher's Confessions (2004) sold 1.1 million copies in its first week and over 8 million copies in 2004, since then it has been certified Diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) and, as of 2016, has sold over 10 million copies in the US and over 20 million copies worldwide. Confessions had four consecutive Billboard Hot 100 number one singles—"Yeah!", "Burn", "Confessions Part II" and "My Boo". It won three Grammy Awards in 2005, including Best Contemporary R&B Album, Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal for "My Boo" and Best Rap/Sung Collaboration for "Yeah!"
In 2004, all 12 songs that topped the Billboard Hot 100 were African-American recording artists and accounted for 80% of the number-one R&B hits that year. Along with Usher's streak of singles, Top 40 radio and both pop and R&B charts were topped by Outkast's "Hey Ya!", Snoop Dogg's "Drop It Like It's Hot", Terror Squad's "Lean Back" and Ciara's "Goodies". Chris Molanphy of "The Village Voice" later remarked that "by the early 2000s, urban music "was" pop music."
Mariah Carey's The Emancipation of Mimi (2005) debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 and earned ten Grammy Award nominations. The second single "We Belong Together" topped the Hot 100 charts for 14 weeks, and was later hailed "song of the decade" and won a Grammy Award for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance in 2006.
The mid-2000s came with the emergence of new R&B acts Ashanti, Keyshia Cole and Akon. Ashanti's eponymous debut album topped both US Billboard 200 and Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums charts. It earned her three Grammy nominations winning one for the Best Contemporary R&B Album. R&B newcomer Chris Brown released his self-titled album in 2005 which debuted at number two on the "Billboard" 200. His debut single "Run It!" peaked atop on the Billboard Hot 100, Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs and the US Radio Songs.
During this time also came the emergence of R&B songwriters. Bryan-Michael Cox co-wrote Usher's "Burn" and "Confessions Part II" (2005), Mariah Carey's "Shake It Off" and "Don't Forget About Us" (2006), and Chris Brown's "Say Goodbye" (2006). Keri Hilson would co-write songs Mary J. Blige's "Take Me as I Am" (2006), Omarion's "Ice Box" (2006), and Ciara's "Like a Boy" (2006). Rico Love co-wrote Usher's "Throwback" (2005), Keri Hilson's "Energy" (2008), Pleasure P's "Boyfriend #2" (2008). The-Dream wrote Rihanna's "Umbrella" (2007), J. Holiday's "Bed" and Usher's "Moving Mountains" and "Trading Places" (2008). Ne-Yo wrote Mario's "Let Me Love You", Rihanna's "Take a Bow" and "Unfaithful", and Beyoncé's "Irreplaceable" (2006).
Continuing from the 1990s and 2000s, R&B, like many other genres, drew influences from the technical innovations of the time and began to incorporate more electronic and machine-made sounds and instruments. The use of effects such as Auto-Tune and new computerized synths have given R&B a more futuristic feel while still attempting to incorporate many of the genre's common themes such as love and relationships.
According to Christgau in 2017, "almost all R&B goes for voice-plus-sound rather than voice-plus-song, with the sound ranging from precision track-and-hook to idiosyncratic atmospherics."
Early 2010s artists Usher and Chris Brown began embracing new electronic influences while still keeping R&B's original feel. Usher's "OMG" and "DJ Got Us Fallin' in Love", and Chris Brown's "Yeah 3x" are all EDM-oriented.
Singers Miguel, John Legend and Jeremih are popular in mainstream hip hop for many collaborations with rappers such as Wale, Rick Ross and J. Cole. Today's R&B is far more diverse and incorporates more sonic elements than before, as it expands its appeal and commercial viability. Trap music's influence maintained a strong presence on the music charts with R&B singer Beyoncé's songs "Drunk in Love", "Flawless" and "7/11", Bryson Tiller's debut studio album, Trapsoul and Mary J. Blige's "Thick of It".
Latin R&B is gaining ground since the wave of artists began mixing trap with that sound in the middle of this decade. Spanish-language singles by Alex Rose, Rauw Alejandro and Paloma Mami, which borrow shrewdly from R&B, are captivating a global audience. In Latin America, the genre became popular with Alex Rose's "Toda", and Sech's "Otro Trago".
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- Cobo, Leila (July 22, 2019). "How Rich Music's Father-Son Duo Are Leading the Way For Latin R&B". Billboard. Archived from the original on August 9, 2019. Retrieved September 11, 2019. | <urn:uuid:a30869e0-6bc5-49b9-9fff-ebe38c33ce5b> | CC-MAIN-2022-49 | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contemporary_R%26B | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446710931.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20221203111902-20221203141902-00514.warc.gz | en | 0.919174 | 3,896 | 2.765625 | 3 |
Klamath Falls (Klamath: ) is a city in and the county seat of Klamath County, Oregon, United States. The city was originally called Linkville when George Nurse founded the town in 1867. It was named after the Link River on whose falls the city sat. The name was changed to Klamath Falls in 1893. The population was 20,840 at the 2010 census. The city is situated on the south east shore of the Upper Klamath Lake and about 25 miles (40km) north of the California-Oregon border.
The Klamath Falls area had been inhabited by Native Americans for at least 4,000 years before the first permanent settlers. The Klamath Basin became part of the Oregon Trail with the opening of the Applegate Trail. Logging was Klamath Falls' first major industry.
The Klamath and Modoc Indians were the first known inhabitants of the area. The Modoc Tribe's homeland is about south of Klamath Falls, but when they were pushed onto a reservation with their adversaries the Klamath, a rebellion ensued and they hid out in nearby lava beds. This led to the Modoc War of 1872−1873, which was a hugely expensive campaign for the US Cavalry, costing an estimated $500,000 − the equivalent of over 8 million in year-2000 dollars. Seventeen Indians and 83 whites were killed.
The Applegate Trail, which passes through the lower Klamath area, was blazed in 1846 from west to east in an attempt to provide a safer route for emigrants on the Oregon Trail. The first non-Indian settler is considered to have been Wallace Baldwin, a 19 year-old civilian who drove fifty head of horses in the valley in 1852. In 1867, George Nurse, named the small settlement "Linkville", because of Link River north of Lake Ewauna.
The Klamath Reclamation Project began in 1906 to drain marshland and move water to allow for agriculture. With the building of the main "A" Canal, water was first made available May 22, 1907. Veterans of World War I and World War II were given homesteading opportunities on the reclaimed land.
During World War II, a Japanese-American internment camp, the Tule Lake War Relocation Center, was located in nearby Newell, California, and a satellite of the Camp White, Oregon, POW camp was located just on the Oregon-California border near the town of Tulelake, California. In May 1945, about east of Klamath Falls, (near Bly, Oregon) a Japanese balloon bomb killed a woman and five children on a church outing. This is said to be the only Japanese-inflicted casualty on the US mainland during the war.
Timber harvesting through the use of railroad was extensive in Klamath County for the first few decades of the 20th century. With the arrival of the Southern Pacific Transportation Company in 1909, Klamath Falls grew quickly from a few hundred to several thousand. Dozens of lumber mills cut fir and pine lumber, and the industry flourished until the late 1980s when the northern spotted owl and other endangered species were driving forces in changing western forest policy.
On September 20, 1993, a series of earthquakes struck near Klamath Falls.
Many downtown buildings, including the county courthouse and the former Sacred Heart Academy and Convent, were damaged or destroyed. There were two deaths attributed to the earthquake.
Water rights controversy
The city made national headlines in 2001 when a court decision was made to shut off Klamath Project irrigation water on April 6 because of Endangered Species Act requirements. The Lost River sucker and shortnose sucker were listed on the Federal Endangered Species List in 1988, and when drought struck in 2001, a panel of scientists stated that further diversion of water for agriculture would be detrimental to these species, which reside in the Upper Klamath Lake, as well as to the protected Coho salmon which spawn in the Klamath River. Many protests by farmers and citizens culminated in a "Bucket Brigade" on Main Street May 7, 2001, in Klamath Falls. The event was attended by 18,000 farmers, ranchers, citizens, and politicians. Two giant bucket monuments have since been constructed and erected in town to commemorate the event. Such universal criticism resulted in a new plan implemented in early 2002 to resume irrigation to farmers.
Low river flows in the Klamath and Trinity rivers and high temperatures led to a mass die-off of at least 33,000 salmon in 2002. Dwindling salmon numbers have practically shut down the fishing industry in the region and caused over $60 million in disaster aid being given to fishermen to offset losses. Ninety percent of Trinity River water is diverted for California agriculture.
According to a National Academy of Sciences report of October 22, 2003, limiting irrigation water did little if anything to help endangered fish and may have hurt the populations. A contrary report has criticized the National Academy of Sciences report. The Chiloquin Dam has been removed to help improve sucker spawning habitat.
Klamath Falls is located in a known geothermal resource area. Geothermal power has been used directly for geothermal heating in the area since the early 1900s. A downtown district heating system was constructed in 1981 and extended in 1982. There was public opposition to the scheme. Many homes were heated by private geothermal wells and owners were concerned that the city system could lower the water level and/or reduce water temperatures. System operation was delayed until 1984 following an aquifer study. Full operational testing showed no negative impact on the private wells. The system was shut down again in 1986 after multiple distribution piping failures were discovered. By 1991, the distribution piping had been reconstructed and the system was back in operation. The system has been expanded since then and according to the Oregon Institute of Technology the operation is "at or near operational break-even". The system is used to provide direct heat for homes, city schools, greenhouses, government and commercial buildings, geothermally heated snowmelt systems for sidewalks and roads and process heat for the wastewater treatment plant.
Klamath Falls was known for poor air quality in 2011 and received F's from the DEQ for air quality. Klamath Falls is located in a structural basin. Because of this, inversions form throughout the year. Inversions combined with wood stoves, gas engines, industry, and sewage treatment plants create air pollution. In addition, the Klamath Falls South Suburban Sewer treatment plant is located less than 1000 ft from Walmart. This treatment plant is in dire need of updates, so almost every day fecal matter permeates the air around Walmart and the south suburbs. | <urn:uuid:0c5ef06a-3046-4040-8056-7cdd8a47e3b9> | CC-MAIN-2016-50 | http://www.werelate.org/wiki/Place:Klamath_Falls,_Klamath,_Oregon,_United_States | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-50/segments/1480698544140.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20161202170904-00056-ip-10-31-129-80.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.972999 | 1,378 | 3.203125 | 3 |
This underwater creature tears open its skin to eat
The hydra, a small freshwater creature, tears itself apart every time it gets hungry. Rather than have lips, the hydra’s mouth is a sealed piece of intact skin that it tears open to gobble each meal. In a new study, biophysicists have filmed hydras as they create these temporary rips, showing for the first time how its cells manage the maneuver. The findings, reported today in Biophysical Journal, may offer clues into tissue regeneration.
Lacking bones and measuring less than half an inch long, hyrdra live underwater, with one end of their tubular bodies usually attached to a plant stem. Their free end is marked by tentacles with stingers, which are used to spear prey like microscopic crustaceans and copepods.
“When we started looking at the animals feeding, we were really struck by the fact that it can open its mouth wider than its body,” said Eva-Maria Collins, a physicist and cell biologist at the University of California San Diego who led the study. “And while it is very well-understood what can trigger the opening of the hydra mouth, nobody actually knows how it achieves this feat.”
Collins’ team tweaked the genetics of a species called Hydra vulgaris, so its skin would fluoresce under a microscope. Hydra skin has two layers, the outer ectoderm and the inner endoderm, which the team labeled with the colors green and magenta, respectively.
“What was really astounding is that the cells are not moving relative to each other. Each cell keeps its neighbor as the hydra is opening its mouth,” Collins said. Instead, these cells stretch.
The cells in the hydra’s mouth start round, and then deform dramatically, pulling on each other to make this mouth as wide as possible. When most animals create an opening like this one, cells typically move out of the way. But hydra cells prefer stretching like they’re in yoga class.
It’s musclelike cells in the mouth’s outer layer that cause this stretching to happen, the scientists found. These musclelike fibers are arranged in circle, and when the fibers contract, they tug on the skin cells and cause stretching. The process is similar to how muscles in the iris of a human eye contract to widen a pupil. When the researchers added a muscle relaxant — magnesium chloride — the hydras couldn’t open their mouths at all.
Collins’ team observed that hydras, even with a relatively simple nervous system, could open their mouths to different degrees — sometimes narrower, sometimes wider. Her team plans to dig into this connection with the nervous in future studies.
“We still have a lot of work to do to really understand how signals from the nervous system trigger mouth opening,” she said. “And then we also would like to understand how the mouth closes and what the consequences are for the individual cells to accommodate this amazing stretching, which can be more than 100 percent strain.” | <urn:uuid:f13dc64d-8e07-4af9-b938-c9bb1af62795> | CC-MAIN-2016-50 | http://www.pbs.org/newshour/updates/the-mouth-of-a-hydra-is-pretty/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-50/segments/1480698543315.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20161202170903-00260-ip-10-31-129-80.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.956644 | 636 | 3.734375 | 4 |
By Manuel Romero / NM News Port
In recent weeks, New Mexico has seen hazy skies from ongoing wildfires in neighboring states. Experts say they’re concerned this could become the new normal.
While it has had a relatively calm fire season in New Mexico, it’s been a very active season in the greater western United States. That’s a troubling trend to meteorologist Andrew Church of the U.S. Weather Bureau.
“This season has been one of the most extraordinary ever,” Church said. “There has been over 6 million acres burned in the western United States, with over 4 million acres burned over the last 6 months.”
In early October, New Mexico was experiencing the effects of two persistent wildfires: the Mullen fire in southeast Wyoming and the East Fork fire in northeast Utah. Church says those fires were responsible for the smoke and hazy conditions affecting a large portion of northern New Mexico.
“Since the atmosphere is more stable (due to warm temperatures), the smoke is staying closer to the ground,” Church said.
Church said this has been one of the most intense fire seasons he has ever seen.
While there is no definitive explanation as to why this fire season has been so intense, Matthew Hurteau, a professor of the department of biology at the University of New Mexico, said New Mexico is currently under extremely dry conditions that can lead to wildfires — which is rare at this time of year.
“The National Weather Service released a critical fire weather warning across much of New Mexico and that has to do to the higher temperatures, windy conditions and the humidity was low,” Hurteau said. “That’s really unusual for October in New Mexico.”
“It’s a combination of higher temperatures, but also the fact that we didn’t have a good monsoon this year, the vegetation is real dry and real flammable,” Hurteau said.
Hurteau foresees a future where New Mexico is most likely going to experience prolonged fire seasons.
“Basically what we’re seeing here in New Mexico with increased climate change and increased warming is the fire season is extending in length,” Hureteau said. “These last few weeks are a great example because the vegetation should be too wet after monsoon season for us to have this much fire risk this time of year.”
In addition to warming temperatures, Hurteau also said New Mexico’s shrinking annual mountain snowpack will be a major factor in determining how long and intense the state’s fire seasons could be going forward.
“If we have a good snowpack, there’s enough moisture in the system that makes (the vegetation) less flammable and can get us through the monsoon season,” Hurteau said.
Hurteau also mentioned that the ongoing climate crisis will play a significant role in NM’s wildfire outlook.
“We have some real exposure risk here In New Mexico to the changing climate,” Hurteau said. “One is wildfire which is going to become increasingly common as the temperature goes up, but there’s also water availability… and the same high temperatures pose risk to us and the environment.”
Hurteau also mentioned some things New Mexicans can do to manage wildfire risks such as to do prescribed burns to clear dry brush.
Hurteau said that New Mexicans can do their part (recycling, carpooling/reducing harmful emissions, etc.) but lamented that “it’s a much bigger problem than what we can do about it here in New Mexico alone. It’s about reducing the emission of greenhouse gases….we contribute to that but we’re a small part of the population here in the U.S.”
Hurteau added that New Mexico could also go a long way in reducing climate change by creating a methane budget, which would help significantly reduce methane emissions into the atmosphere.
“In New Mexico, one thing we could do is address the amount of methane that escapes into the atmosphere from the oil and gas wells,” Hurteau said. “Methane is about 20 times more potent than carbon dioxide in terms of trapping energy and heating the atmosphere. Through regulation, we could substantially reduce or bring to zero the amount of methane going into the atmosphere…that would be a big deal.”
Hurteau recommended that anyone who was interested in seeing how the western region of the United States is doing in regards to climate change should look at the most recent climate assessment.
Manuel Romero is a journalism student and reporter for New Mexico News Port. He can be reached on Twitter @mannyboy92phx. | <urn:uuid:e6453efd-23fa-4de8-8566-5db8aaba42a2> | CC-MAIN-2022-49 | https://newmexiconewsport.com/october-wildfires-point-to-grim-climate-future/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446710734.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20221130092453-20221130122453-00049.warc.gz | en | 0.963435 | 997 | 2.84375 | 3 |
- Learning & Responsible Governance
Learning & Responsible Governance
Responsible Governance is only possible if society is equipped with a deeper understanding of our environment and how today’s decisions influence our world tomorrow. Elected officials must be informed to understand and decide upon the complex challenges we face in our imminent and long-term futures. Society too, through a continuous learning process, must be equipped to question their choices. Educating ourselves on sustainable development will allow us to meet both these challenges and embark on our pathway to a better future.
Higher environmental literacy will lead to an improved general understanding of how our decisions today can influence our world tomorrow and ensure responsible governance. Such choices must be made with authenticity. They must reflect the real value of our shared natural and social capital.
To insure against the risk of political paralysis, or a failing state collapsing under the weight of growing climate chaos and other interlinked crises, we require eco-literate leaders and responsible governance.
Primary and secondary schools to include environmental literacy, human rights and financial education, as well as peace and mediation skills, in their curricula to foster environmental awareness and cross-cultural understanding. In higher education, an understanding of how to invest in the care of people and nature, to be mandatory for economics and business school graduates.Read more
Kehkashan Basu, World Future Council Youth Ambassador
“The rights of future generations need to be preserved by today’s inhabitants. Future generations cannot survive on history, they need the same pristine resources that we enjoy today. We simply cannot let economic greed deprive them.” | <urn:uuid:cab21ad2-3449-47de-a17d-c2cb46e4bc6e> | CC-MAIN-2017-34 | http://www.futurepolicy.org/policy-area/learning-responsible-governance/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-34/segments/1502886105976.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20170820053541-20170820073541-00026.warc.gz | en | 0.93072 | 329 | 3.328125 | 3 |
A new report has revealed during every stage of their lives young people will be worse off than the generation before them…
New analysis from the Institute for Fiscal Studies (IFS) has revealed this generation will be poorer at every stage of their life than their parents.
The study is not the first to suggest young people are worse off than the previous generation. Research published less than a month ago from Equality and Human Rights Commission said those under the age of 34 were hit the hardest by a fall in income and reduced employment opportunities.
The report “Is Britain fairer?” showed the difficulties facing young people today. It found those between 16 and 24 were less likely to have access to decent housing and were more at risk of living in poverty.
The new report from the IFS acknowledged that households became wealthier during the financial crisis, but said this was due to the increase in pension values between 2006-12. However, the slow rate of growth in overall wealth suggested young people would lag behind previous generations.
Author of the report and research economist at the IFS Dave Innes commented: “Despite the financial crisis, household wealth on average increased in real terms over the late 2000s, driven by increases in private pension entitlements.”
Pension wealth rose for households aged 45-54 during the period, reaching an average of £38,000.
Innes said that even with these increases in average wealth, there were still issues, stating “…working-age households are at risk of being less wealthy at each age than those born a decade earlier.”
The research found a quarter of households aged 45-54 saw a decline in wealth of more than £69,000, but a quarter in this same age bracket saw an increase of more than £138,000.
Additionally, the analysis also found significant differences in attitudes towards savings and pensions. Around 30 per cent said they were saving for unexpected expenses and 23 per cent said they were saving for holidays or leisure activities.
A further 15 per cent were saving towards planned expenses, 10 per cent for other people, and 10 per cent to provide for retirement.
However, in the lower age bracket (25-34) the picture looks bleaker. Nearly one-quarter (24 per cent) said they had no expectation of income from the state pension during retirement, but worryingly one third said it would be their largest source of income after retirement.
Furthermore, nearly 44 per cent said they did not expect to receive any income from private pensions, despite legislation automatically enrolling workers on pension schemes.
Another author of the report, Rowena Crawford, who is a Senior Research Economist at the IFS said: “It is striking how many individuals do not expect private pensions to have a role in financing their retirement, let alone be their main source of income.
“It will be interesting to see how these attitudes change as auto enrolment into workplace pensions is rolled out.” | <urn:uuid:f4e50db8-0f0e-4817-9dbb-399bf2b22bec> | CC-MAIN-2022-49 | https://www.openaccessgovernment.org/young-people-poorer-previous-generation/22790/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446710691.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20221129100233-20221129130233-00090.warc.gz | en | 0.98241 | 605 | 2.609375 | 3 |
2. What word was shouted out of the one
voice in hundreds?
3. What does the old man mean when he says,
"You got your own kind?"
should be kind to him because he is white.
should be kinder to white people than to black people.
Maniac should be with
other white people.
4. What part of the hurt Maniac is experiencing
doesn't Amanda understand?
The hurt he felt
for her and her family.
The hurt from his
5. Why will Maniac be unable to get a library
He won't have an
He can't find a
6. Who went to look for Maniac when he didn't
show up for lunch or supper?
Hester and Lester
7. Amanda has an idea that will allow Maniac
to stay. Which of the following is her idea?
must move in with the neighbors.
Maniac must untie a
Maniac should change
his last name to Beale.
8. What does Cobble's Corner now sell?
9. On what street is Cobble's Corner located?
10. What did Amanda realize was used to make the
homemade confetti scraps?
the A encyclopedia
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usage statistics, and to detect and address abuse." | <urn:uuid:8b680c4c-7b48-48d3-9b28-e3edbaaead81> | CC-MAIN-2020-24 | http://myschoolhouse.com/courses/R/0/508.asp | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-24/segments/1590347413406.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20200531120339-20200531150339-00205.warc.gz | en | 0.933235 | 378 | 2.71875 | 3 |
How to Discover the Origin of the Planetary Names?
Hello! I invite all the readers, interested in space, to discover the origin of the names of the planets in our galaxy. Just simply follow my words,...
Eleven planets represent our Solar System. They are named after gods.
The names of the planets are: Moon, Mercury, Mars, Venus, Earth, Neptune, Uranus, Aldebaran, Rigel, Saturn. Among the most important and the biggest stars are: Wolf 359, the Sun, Sirius A, Pollux, Arcturus, Antares, Betelgeuse, VV Cephei A and VY Canis Majoris.
The origin of the names of the planets leads us back, to the ancient Roman and Greek civilization, in the time before their empires. We can travel back into mythology and pick the names of our week days on the way. Open your eyes and continue discovering with me.
Planets and ancient gods are all connected in the myths we know. I would like to share just a few of them with you. Some of the old words and names might be a bit difficult to understand. I hope you'll have no problems.
Gaia from Ancient Greek means land or earth. She was the Earth goddess in Greek ancient religion. Gaia was the mother of all: the gods and Titans. They were descended from her union with Uranus (the sky). The sea-gods were made in her union with Pontus (the sea).
She gave birth to Giants after mating with Tartarus (the hell-pit) and mortal creatures were sprung or born from her earthy flesh.
- In North Germanic mythology, the moon is personified as a god, Máni. Luna (Roman) was an ancient moon goddess. The Latin word luna means 'moon'. The name is the root of words lunar and lunatic.
Egyptian Isis is also known as a moon deity and the goddess of the sun.
Mercury is named after a Greek god Hermes, who was in Rome named Mercury. He is known to be a very fast messenger of the gods and the god of trade. His name is connected to the Latin word merx (merchandise). The name Wednesday originates from Middle English Wednesdei, 'day of Wodanaz', a calque of the day of Mercury.
The month May originates from the name Maia, Roman goddess, mother of Mercury by Jupiter and daughter of Atlas.
Our home, the Earth is a part of the Milky way galaxy. A galaxy is full of stars, stellar remnants, gas and dust. There's also much talk about the mysterious dark matter. Around 100.000.000.000 stars represent an average galaxy.
For example, a light year is the distance light can travel in the era of a year. It makes me wonder, what could be possible for humans to do in outer space,....
Thank you for reading! I hope this text was useful. | <urn:uuid:72fc2136-0562-4fb9-90ae-a71f8b336291> | CC-MAIN-2017-17 | https://astronomy.wonderhowto.com/how-to/discover-origin-planetary-names-0137894/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917119080.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031159-00285-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957506 | 617 | 3 | 3 |
We all laugh about it, because, let’s face it, it’s pretty funny. But, evacuating your bowels is an essential part of the digestive process. Bowel movements are the way we pass toxins, undigested food, and other waste out of our bodies. Without this process, we’d have to have another way to excrete waste, and doesn’t that just conjure up some unpleasant imagery?
When it comes to a healthy, normal bowel movement, there really aren’t any hard, fast rules. Digestive regularity varies from person to person. Frequency of pooping can vary from three times a day to three times a week. Normal feces is brown to golden brown in color, formed, not too hard or soft, similar in size and shape to a sausage.
While bowel movements vary from person to person, there are ways to tell whether something is wrong or not. It’s important to know what’s normal for you. If your poop is watery, too hard, or it hurts or becomes difficult to go, check with your doctor.
Below are a few videos that detail a few things you should watch out for when you move your bowels:
Missing Bowel Movements
Symptoms and Remedies for Constipation
How To Poop Perfectly | <urn:uuid:ea82926e-50ef-4199-9605-6bfac09bf5b6> | CC-MAIN-2016-07 | http://www.kbear.fm/fitness/all-about-bowel-movements/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-07/segments/1454701148428.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20160205193908-00255-ip-10-236-182-209.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.937671 | 278 | 2.640625 | 3 |
The glass triangles of the National Aquarium’s roofline are an iconic part of the Baltimore skyline, but can pose a challenge to migrating birds. As part of our ongoing work with the National Aquarium, we recently engaged in a bird strike prevention study. This study grew into a collaboration between our firm’s graphic design and landscape architecture studios, producing an interdisciplinary design solution that serves two purposes: guiding birds away from the glass without detracting from its distinctive form, and adding a much-needed branded presence in a key area.
Birds sometimes perceive clear surfaces as open space that is safe for flight, or want to reach vegetation that is inside structures but still visible externally. At other times, they confuse reflections of trees in the glass for the real thing and fly into reflective surfaces.
To prevent these outcomes, our team worked closely with a staff of experts at the National Aquarium to design a dot pattern that would be digitally printed on optically clear vinyl film. A 2×4-inch pattern is a standard recommended by the American Bird Conservancy. Birds instinctively know how to fit into tight spaces; they can easily navigate through tree canopies. But they also have a sense where they won’t fit, and thus the tight pattern of the frit guides them away from clear or reflective surfaces and prevents strikes from occurring. Our team took this 2×4-inch recommendation and created a customized branded solution.
This large graphic application, in which the Aquarium’s wordmark appears knocked out of a translucent background, doubles as signage and bird strike prevention. Understanding that many of the bird strikes occur closer to tree canopy height, our team incorporated an additional dot pattern on the back side of the glass closer to the ground for added effectiveness. The incorporation of an interpretive panel within the graphic application highlights the purpose of the design to visitors.
Altogether, the design enhances the architecture and identity of the Aquarium, while providing beneficial changes to protect migrating and native birds. Now the Aquarium is a little more welcoming for everyone – earthbound human visitors and winged animals alike. | <urn:uuid:1b4db243-bf52-4695-876f-b99803ebc4fc> | CC-MAIN-2019-09 | https://asg-architects.com/category/graphic-design/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-09/segments/1550249595829.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20190224044113-20190224070113-00049.warc.gz | en | 0.937233 | 428 | 2.625 | 3 |
On Wednesday, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) asked both food manufacturers and restaurants to start reducing the salt content in their products and menu items. The agency’s goal is to help Americans reduce their overall sodium intake by 12% over the next 2.5 years.
According to the American Heart Association (AHA), the average American consumes about 3,400 milligrams of sodium daily, which is well over the recommended 2,300 milligrams, or about one teaspoon of salt. The AHA even suggests most adults consume no more than 1,500 milligrams of sodium each day to avoid high blood pressure or hypertension.
The latest data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) finds that 1 in every 4 deaths in the U.S. is attributable to heart disease. Research clearly indicates there’s a correlation between salt intake and elevated blood pressure levels.
Earlier this year, the FDA announced that more than 70% of sodium in the American diet comes from packaged and prepared foods. Restaurant meals are also to blame, with some dishes containing more than 4,000 milligrams of sodium.
The new recommendation will allegedly help bring the estimated American sodium intake down to 3,000 milligrams a day. An improvement, but certainly still far from what the latest USDA dietary guidelines propose is safe to consume. As NBC reports, the new recommendations are nonbinding, meaning companies are not required to follow them.
Still, the president of the Center for Science in the Public Interest, Dr. Peter Lurie, described the FDA’s guidance to NBC as, “the single most effective intervention that the American government could take at the present time.”
Think about it this way: If the food you purchase from grocery stores and at restaurant chains contained less salt, it would likely be much easier for you to reduce your intake of sodium, right?
For more, be sure to read Cutting This One Thing From Your Diet May Save Your Life, New Study Says. Then, don’t forget to sign up for our newsletter! | <urn:uuid:e3516523-71d2-481e-a227-5e6c0c4d5daf> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://chezvousrestaurant.co.uk/restaurants-are-being-told-to-majorly-reduce-how-much-salt-theyre-using.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100575.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20231206000253-20231206030253-00532.warc.gz | en | 0.930517 | 426 | 2.6875 | 3 |
After a vote by the North Dakota State Supreme Court and a Board of Higher Education decision yesterday, the University of North Dakota will no longer be known as the "Fighting Sioux."
After a four-year legal battle about the school's name and mascot, the court ruled that the board had the legal authority to eliminate the school's nickname.
The University of North Dakota was known as the Flickertails until 1930, when it changed its nickname to the Sioux. The name Sioux was chosen due to North Dakota's rich Native American history, as well as the Sioux's ability to hunt Bison—the nickname of rival North Dakota State University in Fargo.
The name "Fighting," was added later on, drawing on inspiration from Notre Dame's Fighting Irish, another school with the initials UND.
The school insignia, a Native American, was designed by Bennett Brien, a UND graduate and descendant of the Ojibwe tribe.
Another similar case to UND's was the University of Illinois.
The Illinois Fighting Illini, had Chief Illiniwek, as their mascot from 1926-2007. Beginning in the 1980s, critics began to see Chief Illiniwek as a distasteful representation and a racial stereotype towards Native Americans.
Illinois repealed its mascot, with Chief Illiniwek making his final appearance at the 2006-07 men's basketball home finale. The NCAA allowed Illinois to keep its Illini nickname.
Other sports clubs and franchises have Native American influences, including the NFL's Washington Redskins and Kansas City Chiefs, the NCAA's Florida State Seminoles, and MLB's Cleveland Indians.
Personally, I find the nickname "Redskins," more distasteful and stereotypical than Fighting Sioux. If there were to be a team called the Washington Negros, people would be flipping their lids.
Fans of UND knew the name change was inevitable. During construction of their new hockey arena, Ralph Engelstad Arena, Ralph Engelstad himself threatened to withdraw funding midway through construction if the university changed its name and logo.
Englelstad had the Fighting Sioux logo strategically placed in thousands of areas in the arena, including the concrete floor in the main concourse.
Supporters say that the Fighting Sioux nickname shows pride and tradition, but the NCAA ruled that the nickname was, "hostile and offensive."
The Ralph Engelstad Arena has not agreed to remove any logos from the arena.
When the NCAA barred universities that use Native Americans as school mascots from hosting major NCAA events or wearing their logos during post-season play, UND sued the NCAA.
Legal papers filed in support of UND pointed out that the Florida State Seminoles have not been required to change their name, thus raising the possibility that the decision regarding the UND Fighting Sioux was arbitrary and capricious.
In addition, the legal papers noted that UND has a Native American Studies program, Native Americans on its faculty, and a significant Native American student population.
The NCAA settled, with the agreement that UND had three years to gain tribal support from both Sioux Nations in North Dakota to retain the nickname.
The school gained the support of the Spirit Lake Tribe, but not from the Standing Rock Tribe.
In 2007, the Fighting Sioux began to publicize themselves as the "Force of the North," prompting fans to believe that the school was planning on changing their nickname to the UND Force.
However, the founding of the United States Hockey League Team, the Fargo Force in 2008, ended the Force of the North slogan for the Sioux.
UND was Division II until the 2008-09 season, when it was bumped to Division I-AA in all athletics.
The school is known for its hockey team, which has seven national championships, and 18 Frozen Four appearances. UND has many notable alumni, including 2010 Olympic Hockey associate captain Zach Parise and Minnesota Vikings TE Jim Kleinsasser.
The school will retire the nickname by November 30, 2010. | <urn:uuid:66a9b488-c6e7-40d7-8d8e-e346015935f3> | CC-MAIN-2018-22 | http://www.bleacherreport.com/articles/375948-north-dakota-fighting-sioux-to-lose-school-nickname | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-22/segments/1526794865651.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20180523121803-20180523141803-00629.warc.gz | en | 0.970502 | 813 | 2.578125 | 3 |
What challenges did the early english settlers face apush focus question chapter 2 learn for religious reasons and came to the new world as. The new world (2005 one of the earliest challenges faced by the production surviving letters from the first jamestown settlers to families and reports to. Success and failure in the new world why did the roanoke colony fail while the jamestown settlement they spread everywhere, on the face, the head. Social studies jamestown and the new england in order to overcome the hardships of the new world specific challenges faced by early settlers, such. – jamestown: new world adventure by • locate a text that explores the hardships and challenges faced by settlers in jamestown exploring life in early. The indispensable role of women at jamestown early family life in july 1619, settlers were homes and face the challenges of a strange new. What challenges did jamestowns early settlers face answerscom ® is making the world better one answer at a what challenges did early jamestown settlers face.
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Analyze the backgrounds ideologies each settlement faced similar obstacles the first permanent english settlement in the new world was the jamestown. Tag archives for jamestown virginia and bring to life the challenges faced by the first settlers its survival as an english colony in the new world. The english colonies study what challenges did english settlers face why did the pilgrims leave the netherlands and ask for a charter to start a new colony.
The challenges of jamestown colony colony was the first permanent settlement in the new world was one of the early english settlers in jamestown. But it was still many years before jamestown was anything but a world of comparing these early settlers' experiences with those of new world explorers can. In such a new land, early settlers were bound to they faced that made the settlers able to of the early american colonies was the jamestown colony.
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They all faced many challenges by being in a new we will look at the settlement at jamestown plymouth - a town started in 1620 by early english settlers. Hardships of colonies do they tell us about the early challenges the two colonies faced settlement in the new world the settlers first arrived. What where the biggest problems that the first european 'learning' the environment in the english new world suggest the lack of early female settlers. Colonization of the new world - what challenges did explorers and what challenges did explorers and colonists face in official jamestown settlement. | <urn:uuid:e2c6d3ef-2191-465e-a352-b8e792e03a7d> | CC-MAIN-2018-22 | http://rkassignmentpnmj.voteforthegirls.us/the-obstacles-faced-by-the-early-jamestown-settlers-in-the-new-world.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-22/segments/1526794865651.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20180523121803-20180523141803-00435.warc.gz | en | 0.959354 | 714 | 3.734375 | 4 |
Last school year, my kinders were ready for some easy sentence comprehension pretty early in the year. I wanted them to be accountable for their reading. However, I didn’t have time to fit in space for comprehension practice that was totally dedicated to that. Our morning routine was pretty quick and easy, so I decided we’d use the first 20 minutes after we walked into our classroom to unpack and work on writing sentences correctly and comprehending what we read by drawing a picture to match.
Read. Write. Illustrate. was born. My kids absolutely EXCELLED the rest of the months when we were reading. The first week of introducing it, we did it together. I put my own copy under our document camera and they all sat on the rug with clipboards and their paper. We practiced writing our letters from top to bottom, making fingers spaces and focusing on what we actually read. The next week, most of them were ready to independently work on these. I had time to sit with the two that needed a little reinforcement from me.
Each of the sentences are short enough where they are not overwhelmed. They are able to easily practice their handwriting, correct sentence structure and they’re also able to practice comprehension. My students LOVE coming in each morning to see what their sentence will be.
This year, I moved to 1st grade. I only have one of my previous students from last year so this was new to most of my kiddos. We struggled with remembering what a sentence was and how it should look. This helped us to quickly get our minds in the right state as we got started for the day. They write their sentence, we discuss it, and we’re ready for the day in 20 minutes. I also love that most of their high frequency words are used over and over again. They’re able to read words that we are constantly practicing.
I never read them any of the words or give any hints. I do allow them to help each other if their is a difficult sight word. However, that is very rare. It’s a lot easier for a 1st grader than it is for a kindergartener. We also discuss details of illustrations. It starts with random pictures with most of them “floating”, but as we progress, discuss, and think about what real life looks like, they are able to adjust their illustrations. | <urn:uuid:1ad60621-6646-4c99-bb0a-9f535004096f> | CC-MAIN-2019-39 | http://www.enchantedkindergarden.com/how-to-beat-new-reader-comprehension/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-39/segments/1568514573264.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20190918085827-20190918111827-00464.warc.gz | en | 0.986075 | 496 | 2.984375 | 3 |
A number of people choose the new year as the time to set new goals for their lives and make new years resolutions. Sadly, by the end of January, most people have given up on their new goals.
We believe that this SMART Guide will help you to successfully stay on track and achieve your goals.
Your goals need to be SMART: (using the word SMART can help you remember these tips)
First, write down all the goals you would like to accomplish in the new year. Then, take some time to think about each one of them and decide the ones that are the most important to you. Do not take on to many at one time, but make specific, realistic goals and choose one or two to work on first.
Once you have decided on what goal(s) you’d like to achieve, try to define it as precisely as possible. You should write down all the reason why this specific goal is important to you.
If you can put a number on your goal it will be easier to evaluate or measure your progress. For example, if you want to lose weight, how many pounds. Do you want to run a race or a specific running distance?Do you love to read? Maybe you want to read a certain amount of books by the end of the year. Perhaps you want to limit how much time you will spend watching TV or on the computer.
This would be the planning stage. When creating a plan, choose some mini-goals to help you stay on track. If it’s weight-loss you can aim for 1-2lbs. a week, rather than look at 30lbs overall. It your goal is to read 52 books throughout the year, then that would require you to read 1 book per week.
You must be realistic when setting goals as your new years resolutions. It’s a lot more enjoyable to exceed an achievable goal than to be discourage by unrealistic ones. Do not set yourself up for failure by taking on a goal that just isn’t possible for perhaps the time-frame you have set. Instead, decide on goals that you know you can accomplish if you commit to it and put in the work.
Create a timeline that allows you to see your progress with your goals and sub-goals. That way you can measure whether you are on track or need to adjust your efforts or perhaps your timeline.
Tips to keep up with your new years resolutions:
- Remind yourself: Have your goals written out on paper or a reminder on your phone. Keep the goal visible so that you can remember your goals and continue to work towards them.
- Create a vision board or poster displaying your 5 top reasons why you made that resolution and keep it somewhere in your personal space.
- Tell your family and friends your goals, perhaps even share on your social media channels. Making your goals public can help create more accountability for you, plus it will make the goal more real.
- Celebrate your efforts along the way! Set up little rewards for yourself.
Don’t give up if it gets difficult or if you have a set back. Everyone has some days that don’t go well, re-focus and continue working towards the things that you want to achieve. Success happens when we do not give up!
If you would like more helpful tips on how to set goals and create a vision board, our Goal Setting DVD can help you.
What are some of you goals for 2016? Have you put a plan together? | <urn:uuid:d5e1cb0b-4c1a-4389-9487-a9277cdd8dae> | CC-MAIN-2020-10 | https://www.santechiropractic.com/2016-smart-resolution/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875147054.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20200228043124-20200228073124-00526.warc.gz | en | 0.962517 | 723 | 2.671875 | 3 |
The brains of people under anesthesia respond to stimuli the same way they do in the deepest part of sleep, according to new research by scientists at the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health. The findings lend weight to a developing theory of consciousness and suggest a new method to assess loss of consciousness in conditions such as coma, say the reseachers. Lead researcher Fabio Ferrarelli, MD, PhD, reported the findings in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science.
To conduct the study, the researchers gave participants the anesthetic midazolam, which is commonly used at lower doses in "conscious sedation" procedures such as colonoscopies.
The researchers then used a noninvasive technique called transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to stimulate the brain cortical neurons from the scalp, in combination with electroencephalography (EEG), which recorded the TMS-evoked brain responses. Through this, the researchers found a pattern that looks much as it does when the brain is in deep, non-rapid eye movement (non-REM) sleep.
According to the researchers, when the brain is unconscious, it appears to lose the connectivity that underlies the coordinated, yet differentiated responses to electrical stimuli observed when the brain is awake or in REM sleep.
"Based on a theory about how consciousness is generated, we expect to see a response that is both integrated and differentiated when the brain is conscious," said coauthor Giulio Tononi, MD, PhD. "When there is a loss of consciousness, due to either sleep or anesthesia, the response is radically different. We see a stereotyped burst of activity that remains localized and fades quickly."
The team believes that the response patterns observed in the awake brain, characterized by long-lasting activations moving over time to different cortical areas, reflect the connectivity of the cortical areas activated by TMS.
This could be because when a person is awake, the cortex is involved in many activities that require a constant communication between different cortical areas. But in the unconscious brain, this connectivity is temporarily lost, and therefore the TMS-evoked brain responses remain localized.
"The idea that some anesthetics ‘hijack’ the natural sleep-promoting centers was proposed recently by others," said coauthor Robert Pearce, MD, PhD. "While our present findings do not directly confirm this hypothesis, they are consistent with a set of shared mechanisms. That is, that the loss of functional connectivity between brain regions is a characteristic that sleep and anesthesia share, and that we think might be causal in the loss of consciousness in both cases."
Tononi says that a similar test of cortical connectivity could be used to provide a noninvasive way to test an unresponsive patient for consciousness during anesthesia or in medical conditions such as coma.
"One practical application would be a test to help assess how conscious a patient is," said Tononi. Current tests rely partly on clinical observations, and may be altered by drugs or medical conditions that render an otherwise conscious patient unable to respond. | <urn:uuid:0cc06eaa-3286-4fbd-9b41-79dd0b346776> | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | https://sleepreviewmag.com/sleep-health/sleep-whole-body/brain/brain-responds-similarly-while-in-deep-sleep-and-under-anesthesia/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224648000.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20230601175345-20230601205345-00796.warc.gz | en | 0.948553 | 621 | 3.3125 | 3 |
A programming language is really a Unique type of language intended to provide Recommendations to a computer. The varied elements of programming incorporate syntax, semantics, structure and implementation etc. Languages could be categorised In accordance with programming paradigms and area of use.
Video game growth is a novel beast from the programming world. A few of the fundamental principles that you simply discover — e.g. the game loop — are radically distinct from Everything you’d understand in a very discipline like World wide web progress or business enterprise program engineering.
I bought a semester project, whose proportion is twenty five%, without scoring perfectly On this project, I couldn't move During this subject, My Professor have allotted really special project for us. I attempted quite a bit online but I couldn't get, while looking I acquired lovelycoding.org
An answer must be prepared either by preparing a flowchart or by producing a pseudo code. Preferably, a programmer ought to do the two.
Disclaimer: WritePaperFor.me is usually a custom writing service that gives online on-need producing do the job for help functions.
This system needs to be composed in the human-readable language. The codes where the computer languages are published are called supply codes and they are made by programmers.
Structured Language: It can be commonly referred to as the modular language that improves the reasonable structure of This system to make it far more efficient and easy to be familiar with. Moreover, Additionally, it helps in improving the quality of a pc software through the use of subroutines, for and while loops, and so forth.
Here is a novel thought. Consider your project and produce it in ENGLISH, step-by-step, what you wish to perform. The refine it in ENGLISH. You may now contain the commented documentation, a very good start to the manual, plus a roadmap with the logic to transfer to code.
If you intend to establish cell applications, How will you keep up without going mad? Read through Additional ? The particular technologies which have been used throughout Android, iOS, and Windows Mobile phone may vary — in some cases considerably so — but don’t be afraid to choose 1 and jump right in. The principles you learn will most likely be applicable from System to System.
Presently, men and women commit most in their online time with their faces buried inside their Net browsers. A browser-primarily based Instrument could demonstrate particularly helpful — so Why don't you try out building among your personal as a way to nutritional supplement your Discovering?
Visit our “Testimonials” segment and see what Other people think of our service. You'll be surprised to uncover many constructive references. We hardly ever manage pretend assessments. All users’ opinions are legitimate it does not matter If they're negative or good.
Its not a simple software so is there any open-source project which i can operate with it to basics acquire to that ? or I just need to make it happen from beginning ? and which programming language is nice for that ?
Other things of maximum programming incorporate: programming in pairs or accomplishing substantial code overview, device tests of all code, keeping away from programming of characteristics until they are literally necessary, a flat administration construction, code simplicity and clarity, expecting modifications in The shopper's needs as time passes and the challenge is healthier comprehended, and frequent communication with the customer and between programmers.
C language was invented within the Bell Labs to write an functioning process identified as UNIX. C programming assignments for beginners features all the elemental primary ideas which have been essential to provide sturdy foundations to college students in C language programming. The help with C programming assignment that we offer is all inclusive and complete in all respects. Our professionals also take the obligation of crafting C programming project report. Nowadays C is considered the most popularly employed program programming language and numerous softwares has actually been carried out utilizing the C programming language. | <urn:uuid:46d7c58e-9dcb-4e4a-88de-d8aadf88b799> | CC-MAIN-2018-09 | http://codyetyyj.affiliatblogger.com/9176938/programming-homework-help-secrets | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-09/segments/1518891816841.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20180225170106-20180225190106-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.943874 | 806 | 2.9375 | 3 |
Stimulus is a word often used in biology. It is something that causes a reaction in an organ or cell, for example. In financial and economic contexts, a stimulus may be an incentive (the money you spend on your membership is a stimulus for utilizing the gym). Definition: any stimulating information or event; acts to arouse action.
Consider this scenario. It is another uneventful Monday. You’re going through the motions of work…checking emails, scrolling social media, grabbing a quick bite to eat in between meetings. When you’re driving home, you realize you have a jingle in your head, on repeat, that is playing in the back of your subconscious. Suddenly it feels like you’ve had this song stuck in your head for hours as if background elevator music. Where did you hear this song and why is it now stuck in your head? This is how good jingles work…they get in your head and won’t leave. A jingle is defined as a radio or TV advertising mechanism designed to create a memorial impression. They can be original works created for a product or service and are designed to help consumers remember certain bits of information. This jingle can be a slogan, phone number, radio or TV station, a law firm’s name…the possibilities are endless so long as it catches and sparks the stimulus.
The Wheaties Challenge
According to research, jingles were born when the radio was introduced in the early 1920s. Legend has it that the commercial jingle as we know it was introduced on Christmas Eve 1926. An a cappella group called the Wheaties Quartet (formed by an undertaker, a court bailiff, a printer, and a businessman) crooned a jingle asking consumers melodically “Have you tried Wheaties?”. Each week for three years, the quartet sang the jingle live, because, at that time, recording equipment hadn’t yet been created. While sales for Wheaties seemed dismal nationwide, General Mills soon realized that 60% of its sales were in the Minneapolis/St. Paul region…the only place where the Wheaties jingle was consistently broadcast. Subsequently, a nationwide campaign was launched and Wheaties sales went through the roof.
When you think of catchy jingles, both modern and past, what comes to mind? Personally, the Liberty Mutual jingle is on constant repeat in my head and I’m not even a customer. The top 10 jingles of all time are said to be:
- McDonald’s ‘I’m Lovin’ It”
- Kit Kat “Give Me a Break”
- Oscar Mayer “I Wish I was an Oscar Mayer Weiner”
- Subway “Five Dollar Foot Long”
- Empire “800 Number”
- State Farm “Like a Good Neighbor”
- Lucky Charms “They’re Magically Delicious”
- Huggies “I’m a Big Kid Now”
- Alka Seltzer “Plop Plop, Fizz Fizz”
- Band Aid “Stuck on Band-Aid”
You can hear them all as you read them, right?
Jingles are everywhere and they’re not just playing through our TVs, radios, and media streamers. Your appliances are now playing jingles to let you know that your load of wash is done, the dishes are clean, and the refrigerator needs restocking. Have you ever stopped to consider the tunes that your home appliances play? On the surface level, you may think that the jingles are simply an alert, but like any good catchy tune, there’s a lot that goes into it.
This ad industry piece on sonic branding explains “Samsung and LG want to associate a happier brand emotion with the onerous task of doing laundry by offering a “victory” song when the washing and drying are complete…What better way to say, “now that wasn’t so bad, was it?” than by playing light, slightly anonymous traditional tunes that would stick in your brain each time you finished your chores?”
Samsung’s washing machines play an 18th-century German folk song titled ‘Die Forelle’ (The Trout) composed by classical pianist Schubert. This song is also known as Piano Quintet in A Major. LG’s products play an English folk tune called “The Lincolnshire Poacher”. Little research is available as to the reasoning behind why these exact songs were chosen for the brands. According to Shane Higby, vice president of home appliance product marketing at Samsung, the jingles theoretically build customer allegiance.
“Appliance manufacturers view sonic branding as a low-cost investment that inspires loyalty, even at the risk of irritation”. – Shane Higby
These sounds, he believes, can convey certain attributes of a machine, including sturdiness, fun, and elegance.
gap intelligence tracks thousands of specifications for any given product category, and for major appliances, this is as detailed as product dimensions, weight when shipped, debut date, and how quiet (or noise) a product is based on its dba rating. What’s next…perhaps a product’s given jingle or programmed song?
For more than 17 years, gap intelligence has served manufacturers and sellers by providing world-class services monitoring, reporting, and analyzing the 4Ps: prices, promotions, placements, and products. Email us at firstname.lastname@example.org or call us at 619-574-1100 to learn more. | <urn:uuid:6421fc6f-ca85-454f-a25e-c6b48d39ddbb> | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | https://www.gapintelligence.com/blog/whats-in-a-song/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296943749.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20230322020215-20230322050215-00227.warc.gz | en | 0.955042 | 1,197 | 2.78125 | 3 |
At the very moment President Bush\’s tax plan phases in, middle class Americans will increasingly pay the Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT), negating the effects of tax relief.
WASHINGTON – When class-warfare politics still dominated America, Congress passed the Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT), which sought to make sure that wealthy Americans paid their "fair" share of taxes. But thirty-three years later, that very tax is hitting the middle class – and hard.
The AMT became law in 1969 after the American public became outraged that 155 wealthy Americans escaped federal income taxes by taking advantage of numerous deductions. But over the past decade, the number of filers paying AMT increased tenfold to 1.3 million people, and the next eight years will witness even more pronounced and explosive growth. Indeed, nearly one out of three tax filers, or an estimated 36 million people, will be subject to the AMT by 2010.
This tax will be slapped on average American families largely because the AMT is not indexed for inflation – consequently, taxes will be pushed upward through bracket creep. Furthermore, the AMT has an extraordinarily expensive compliance cost relative to the revenue that is generated from the tax. While consensus is moving toward a simpler tax filing system, the AMT acts in quite the opposite manner, forcing families to fill out two forms, which adds approximately six additional hours of tax preparation time.
Taxpayer advocate Grover Norquist, who heads Americans for Tax Reform (ATR) in Washington, said that the AMT threatens to cancel out any benefit arising from the Bush tax cuts. "The AMT is a relic from the past, and while President Bush\’s tax cuts ease the pain of taxes for working families, the AMT will kick into effect and punish them for their hard work," he said.
When the Bush tax cuts become fully effective, 85 percent of taxpayers with two or more children will have to pay the AMT instead of the regular income tax. This tax will not target the wealthiest taxpayers as it was intended, but instead affect hard-working middle-class families that could be making as little as $75,000 per year.
"This is a classic case of Congress not wanting to kill a cash cow," continued Norquist, "even when the cow has horns pointed at millions of Americans who were never supposed to be milked. President Clinton refused to even index this tax for inflation, which is the least that Congress can do for American taxpayers." | <urn:uuid:94fa2103-6bb1-4cec-b42c-89789c2485dd> | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | https://www.atr.org/outthe-amt-pulls-back-a1893/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224643663.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20230528083025-20230528113025-00038.warc.gz | en | 0.968642 | 508 | 2.59375 | 3 |
LASSEN VOLCANIC NATIONAL PARK (CBS SF) — It quietly built up magma for 27,000 years before beginning a 7-year-long series of eruptions on May 30, 1914 and today geologists closely monitor Northern California’s most active volcano for any signs that last century’s eruptions could resume.
Lassen Peak, commonly called Mount Lassen, is surrounded by placid blue lakes, green meadows and sparse population which convey an air of tranquility. It’s so literally radio silent that the SETI Institute’s Allen Telescope Array is based here, far removed from the electronic pollution of cellphones and broadcasters in the cities to the south. All this beneath the shadow of a towering mountain, one that awoke 100 years ago this Friday from a 27,000 year sleep.READ MORE: Santa Cruz Police Investigate BLM Mural Vandalism as Hate Crime
Lassen Peak was the only volcano to erupt inside the borders of the United States until 1959, when Hawaii and Alaska were added to the union.
That first, small eruption of May 30, 1914 was followed by more than 180 outbursts the following year, climaxing, in May 1915, with two big blasts that melted the summit snow pack and sent mudflows roaring down Lassen’s northeast flank, damaging cabins and ranches in their path and knocking down trees along a wide swath now called the Devastated Area.
Lassen Peak continued to pop off sporadically for several more years. When the activity was finished in the early 1920s, the death toll stood at a perfect zero, despite a few close calls when sightseers, scientists and photographers got caught on its slopes during eruptions.READ MORE: Evacuations Expand as Firefighters Battle Merged Dixie, Fly Fires Near Lake Almanor
Lassen Peak is at the southern end of the Cascade Range which includes nearby Mount Shasta and the still-active Mount St. Helens. Scientists believe all those volcanoes could erupt again explosively at any time.
The U.S. Geological Survey takes measurements of volcanic gas and constantly monitors ground movements around the mountain, transmitting the data to Menlo Park for real-time analysis. If anything changes, scientists can race to the region to take the volcano’s vital signs. So far, it remains quiet.
One of the old eruptions is thought to have been captured on motion picture film by Justin Hammer, who lived on Catfish Lake near Lassen Peak. This film is believed to have been shot in 1917. It is a silent film, but sound effects were later added by Hammer’s grandson, Craig Martin.
MORE DETAIL ON THE FILM: http://www.networkedblogs.com/Dp6i0MORE NEWS: Jet Fuel Shortage Impacts Air Travel Around the West
NATIONAL PARK SERVICE: Lassen Peak History & Eruption Danger | <urn:uuid:238bf26e-5d8a-4c60-b217-3d33dcd733d7> | CC-MAIN-2021-31 | https://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2014/05/29/massive-volcanic-eruption-rocked-northern-california-100-years-ago-today-lassen-peak-volcano-anniversary/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-31/segments/1627046151972.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20210726000859-20210726030859-00688.warc.gz | en | 0.94693 | 611 | 3.453125 | 3 |
4 Noble Truths
The Four Noble Truths:
- Dukkha (suffering)
- Samudaya (suffering has a cause)
- Nirodha (suffering can be ceased)
- Magga (the way is The Noble Eightfold Middle Path)
(from Anguttara Nikaya 3.61)
Buddhism is sometimes confused as a pessimistic religion since it refers to the suffering in life. But this view fails to look at the entirety of The Four Noble Truths. It is not that all life is suffering, but rather that all unenlightened life is suffering. There can be suffering, but there is also a way out of the suffering and that is why there are four noble truths, not one. | <urn:uuid:b7caaa67-c45a-4343-a992-1fb392ab5b90> | CC-MAIN-2020-45 | https://dhammawiki.com/index.php/4_Noble_Truths | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-45/segments/1603107880014.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20201022170349-20201022200349-00131.warc.gz | en | 0.95772 | 159 | 2.625 | 3 |
Google’s Robot Exclusion Protocol (REP), also known as robots.txt, is a standard used by many websites to tell the automated crawlers which parts of the site should be crawled or not.
However, it isn’t the officially adopted standard, leading to different interpretations. In a bid to make REP an official web standard, Google has open-sourced robots.txt parser and the associated C++ library which it first created 20 years back. You can find the tool on GitHub.
REP was conceived back in 1994 by a Dutch software engineer Martijn Koster, and today it is the de facto standard used by websites to instruct crawlers.
Googlebot crawler scours the robots.txt file to find any instructions on which parts of the website it should ignore. If there’s no robots.txt file, the bot assumes that it’s okay to crawl the entire website.
However, this protocol has been interpreted “somewhat differently over the years” by developers, leading to ambiguity and difficulty in “writing the rules correctly.”
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For instance, there is uncertainty in cases where the “text editor includes BOM characters in their robots.txt files.” Whereas for crawler and tool developers, there is always uncertainty about “how should they deal with robots.txt files that are hundreds of megabytes large?”
This is why Google wants REP to be officially adopted as an internet standard with fixed rules for all. The company says it has documented exactly how REP should be used and submitted its proposal to the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF).
While we cannot say with certainty that REP will become an official standard; it would definitely help web visitors as well as website owners by showing more consistent search results and respecting the site’s wishes. | <urn:uuid:e4a405d9-cafc-4039-9126-e472bcbbfd4e> | CC-MAIN-2022-21 | https://fossbytes.com/google-open-sources-robots-txt-robot-exclusion-protocol/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662556725.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220523071517-20220523101517-00162.warc.gz | en | 0.955478 | 384 | 3.078125 | 3 |
Your Baby and Sleep
How much sleep does your baby need? The amount of sleep a baby gets varies greatly with the individual. Age plays a factor; your baby will probably need two to three hours less sleep at the end of her first year than she did at the beginning. But your child's individual nature plays much more of a role in determining how much she will sleep. In looking at the table, keep in mind that the average takes account of individuals at both extremes. The range is so wide that your baby may sleep much more or much less than the average.
|0-1 months||16½ hours||10-22 hours|
|1-4 months||15½ hours||10-20 hours|
|5-8 months||14½ hours||9-20 hours|
|9-12 months||13½ hours||9-18 hours|
Some blissful babies start out sleeping more than 20 hours a day and continue sleeping nearly that much throughout the first year. On the other hand, very active babies may, after their first few days, sleep less than 12 hours a day. Unfortunately for their exhausted parents, the sleep needs of these infants are not likely to increase as they grow older. Your baby will let you know through her sleeping patterns just how much sleep she needs. As long as she can function throughout much of the day without fatigue, general misery, and crankiness, she's getting enough sleep--no matter how little that is.
Because your baby probably sleeps somewhere around half the day, you may wonder why you feel so tired all the time. The reason is that babies don't get their sleep all at once, as most adults do. If your baby slept 13 hours in a row, you'd be the most rested new parent in the world. Unfortunately, they don't.
During the early months, your baby probably slept no more than two to four hours at a stretch. At three months, your baby was probably able to sleep six hours or more without waking. Even at six months, most infants only sleep six to eight hours at a stretch. But after half-waking at four or five A.M., your child can drift back to sleep fairly easily after some comforting or feeding.
Just because she can sleep that long, however, doesn't mean that she will. Your baby's schedule may seem entirely random to you, with no set patterns to sleeping, waking, or eating. If so, don't despair. You can take steps to make her schedule more predictable.
More on: Babies
Excerpted from The Complete Idiot's Guide to Bringing Up Baby © 1997 by Kevin Osborn. All rights reserved including the right of reproduction in whole or in part in any form. Used by arrangement with Alpha Books, a member of Penguin Group (USA) Inc.
To order this book visit the Idiot's Guide web site or call 1-800-253-6476. | <urn:uuid:4579fd2b-1d61-43f6-85ef-55a9f4dfef30> | CC-MAIN-2015-40 | http://life.familyeducation.com/sleep/baby/50565.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-40/segments/1443737904854.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20151001221824-00226-ip-10-137-6-227.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.960406 | 602 | 2.734375 | 3 |
Fundamentals of Hive
The size of the dataset being used in the industry for business intelligence is growing rapidly. Hadoop was the solution for large data storage but using Hadoop was not easy task for end users, especially for those who were not familiar with the map reduce concept. Hive is an easy way to work with data stored in HDFS (Hadoop file system). It is SQL oriented query language. Basically Hive is SQL for Hadoop cluster. It is an open source data warehouse system on top of HDFS that adds structure to the data. Just like database, Hive has features of creating database, making tables and crunching data with query language. Query language used for Hive is called Hive Query Language (HQL). HQL and SQL have similar DDL statements for creating objects, DML statements for querying objects. HQL also has features for working with unstructured data in HDFS.
Hive System Architecture
The above figure shows the connection of Hive to Hadoop (HDFS + Map Reduce) and the internal structure of Hive.
The main components of Hive are:
- Metastore: It stores all the metadata of Hive. It stores data of data stored in database, tables, columns, etc.
- Driver: It includes compiler, optimizer and executor used to break down the Hive query language statements.
- Query compiler: It compiles HiveQL into graph of map reduce tasks.
- Execution engine: It executes the tasks produces by compiler.
- Thrift server: It provides an interface to connect to other applications like MySQL, Oracle, Excel, etc. through JDBC/ODBC drivers.
- Command line interface: It is also called Hive shell. It is used for working with data either interactively or batch data processing.
- Web Interface: It is a visual structure on Hive used for interaction with data.
Data Storage in Hive:
Hive has different forms of storage options and they include:
- Metastore: Metastore keeps track of all the metadata of database, tables, columns, datatypes etc. in Hive. It also keeps track of HDFS mapping.
- Tables: There can be 2 types of tables in Hive. First, normal tables like any other table in database. Second, external tables which are like normal tables except for the deletion part. HDFS mappings are used to create external tables which are pointers to table in HDFS. The difference between the two types of tables is that when the external table is deleted its data is not deleted. Its data is stored in the HDFS whereas in case of normal table the data also gets deleted on deleting the table.
- Partitions: Partition is slicing of tables that are stored in different subdirectory within a table’s directory. It enhances query performance especially in case of select statements with “WHERE” clause.
- Buckets: Buckets are hashed partitions and they speed up joins and sampling of data.
Hive vs. RDBMS (Relational database)
Hive and RDBMS are very similar but they have different applications and different schemas that they are based on.
- RDBMS are built for OLTP (Online transaction processing) that is real time reads and writes in database. They also perform little part of OLAP (online analytical processing).
- Hive is built for OLAP that is real time reporting of data. Hive does not support inserting into an existing table or updating table data like RDBMS which is an important part of OLTP process. All data is either inserted in new table or overwritten in existing table.
- RDBMS is based on write schema that means when data is entered in the table it is checked against the schema of table to ensure that it meets the requirements. Thus loading data in RDBMS is slower but reading is very fast.
- Hive is based on read schema that means data is not checked when it is loaded so data loading is fast but reading is slower.
Hive Query Language (HQL)
HQL is very similar to traditional database. It stores data in tables, where each table consists of columns and each column consists of specific number of rows. Each column has its own data type. Hive supports primitive as well as complex data types. Primitive types like Integer, Bigint, Smallint, Tinyint, Float, Double Boolean, String, and Binary are supported. Complex types include Associative array: map , Structs: struct , and Lists: list .
Data Definition statements (DDL) like create table, alter table, drop table are supported. All these DDL statements can be used on Database, tables, partitions, views, functions, Index, etc. Data Manipulation statements (DML) like load, insert, select and explain are supported. Load is used for taking data from HDFS and moving it into Hive. Insert is used for moving data from one Hive table to another. Select is used for querying data. Explain gives insights into structure of data.
Create Table Statement
CREATE [TEMPORARY] [EXTERNAL] TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] [db_name.]table_name [(col_name data_type [COMMENT col_comment], ...)] [COMMENT table_comment] [PARTITIONED BY (col_name data_type [COMMENT col_comment], ...)] [CLUSTERED BY (col_name, col_name, ...) [SORTED BY (col_name [ASC|DESC], ...)] INTO num_buckets BUCKETS] [ [ROW FORMAT row_format] [STORED AS file_format]] [LOCATION hdfs_path]
The above statement creates a table with col_name and data_type. The table can be PARTITIONED BY col_name or it can be CLUSTERED BY col_name. Table can be SORTED BY ascending or descending order at the time of creation. It can also be BUCKETED BY mentioning the number of buckets. ROW FORMAT should have delimiters used to terminate the fields and lines. File format of the data stored can be specified with STORED AS. Also the default location of Hive table can be overwritten by using LOCATION.
FROM from_statement INSERT OVERWRITE TABLE tablename1 [PARTITION (partcol1=val1, partcol2=val2 ...) [IF NOT EXISTS]] select_statement1 [INSERT OVERWRITE TABLE tablename2 [PARTITION ... [IF NOT EXISTS]] select_statement2] [INSERT INTO TABLE tablename2 [PARTITION ...] select_statement2] ...;
The above insert statement is used to insert data in multiple tables with single from statement. The syntax of insert statement is explicitly INSERT OVERWRITE which says that Hive does not support inserting into an existing table or updating table.
SELECT [ALL | DISTINCT] select_expr, select_expr, ... FROM table_reference [WHERE where_condition] [GROUP BY col_list] [CLUSTER BY col_list] [SORT BY col_list]] [LIMIT number]
The above statement is like database select statement where SELECT is used to select the expressions. FROM specifies the table name and WHERE gives the condition. GROUP BY aggregates the columns to select. CLUSTER BY is used for bucketing and SORT sorts the selected columns. LIMIT gives the freedom to choose the number of records that should be included in the selection.
Prerequisites for installing Hive:
- Java 1.7
- Hadoop 2.x
Steps to install:
- Download stable version of Hive from http://Hive.apache.org/
- Go to downloads and select the latest mirror. Download the latest tar ball apache-Hive-1.2.1-bin.tar.gz
- Unzip the tar ball using following command: tar -xzvf tar -xzvf apache-Hive-1.2.1-bin.tar.gz
- Set the environment variable HIVE_HOME to point to the installation directory:
export HIVE_HOME = /user/local/Hive
- Finally, add HIVE_HOME/bin to PATH:
export PATH = $PATH:HIVE_HOME/bin
To start Hive shell just type Hive after setting the path and Hive shell will fire up. To verify that Hive has started use command:
All the Hive properties will show up and look for mapred.job.tracker = hname : 1002 to verify that Hive has found the Hadoop cluster. Thus Hive is installed successfully and database can be created followed by tables and queries. | <urn:uuid:54138507-4bc2-4a16-a457-9bb73c52cd35> | CC-MAIN-2019-26 | https://www.dezyre.com/hadoop-tutorial/hive-tutorial | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560627999163.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20190620065141-20190620091141-00336.warc.gz | en | 0.866639 | 1,835 | 3.21875 | 3 |
Only around half of preliminary VET students in Europe attend lessons the place teachers use ICT in additional than 25% of the teachings. Furthermore, the low or non-existent digital expertise of many adults hinder their productiveness and innovation capability at the workplace and limit their participation in society. While performance measurement differs between nations and academic sectors, it hardly ever consists of parameters associated with open pedagogical practices. Member States, regional authorities and education and training establishments have to revisit performance evaluation schemes to create the proper stimulus for academics to introduce and embed innovative Madison College instructing. Most importantly, education and data are capable of travel way more easily across borders greatly increasing the worth of and potential for international cooperation. Thanks to Open Educational Resources , and specifically MOOCs, academics and education establishments can now reach 1000’s of learners from all 5 continents simultaneously, showcasing that language just … Read More
Whenever a STEAM lesson is getting used, it’s imperative that the humanities content has been selected purposefully and that it’s being taught with integrity and not in service of the other content. Many students with special wants, especially these with autism, tend to struggle with figurative language. During one lesson when my group was reading lyrics to a track, several of the students have been confused by the phrase “he was as gradual as a turtle”. Since then, I made an effort of previewing abstract ideas and figurative language with my students. Here’s a listing of five best practices for purposefully planning STEAM tasks your particular needs students in thoughts. STEAM’s foundations lie in inquiry, important thinking, and process-based studying. The complete thought surrounding STEAM lessons and the STEAM method is that it’s based round questioning, and really deep questioning.
With school uniforms , youths from #Auk_Yay_Phyu village , Longlone
Strengthen each student’s learning experiences by the efficient use of open educational resources and practices. NOAA’s mission of Science, Service, and Stewardship is emboldened by our instructional opportunities for college students, educators, and grantees. Our Resource Library offers high-quality, standards-based, academic resources and actions. Many of our free maps, lesson plans, imagery, interactives, and reference supplies have been curated into collections grounded within the daring and transformative method that National Geographic takes around science, exploration and storytelling. Triggering large-scale sustainable modifications requires shared efforts and focused actions, involving and fascinating all stakeholders, learners, academics, families, college managers, instructional coverage makers and the native communities.
The state’s investment in special education dispute decision can also have a big impact. During the pandemic, many college students with disabilities fell behind because of the challenges of delivering particular providers just about. At the same time, some districts have been slow to assess college … Read More | <urn:uuid:694071b9-3ebd-4ff3-b4e3-de791bdec2b1> | CC-MAIN-2021-39 | https://www.fightsplog.com/2021/07/13 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780057417.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20210923044248-20210923074248-00534.warc.gz | en | 0.947691 | 589 | 2.6875 | 3 |
Atmospheric scientist Daniel Rosenfeld of The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jin Dai and colleagues from the Meteorological Institute of Shaanxi Province in China and Zhanyu Yao of the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences studied the records of precipitation and visibility at Mount Hua in central China. The site, one of five sacred mountains in China (familiar to many as a backdrop in martial arts films), has had a meteorological observatory on its peak since 1954.
The observatory's records show that visibility on the mountain on average has declined from roughly 30 kilometers to just over 10 kilometers from its two-kilometer-high summit. They also show that rainfall has dropped by as much as 17 percent compared with the precipitation in Huayin, a town at the foot of the range, and in Xi'an, the closest big city. "The average precipitation over Mount Hua is almost double that of Huayin in relatively good visibility of around 20 kilometers," the researchers write in a study published in the current Science. "The amount of precipitation approaches that of Huayin at visibilities of eight kilometers and below."
The sacred mountain is not the only place affected—an observatory in the U.S. Rocky Mountains detected a 50 percent reduction in snow as a result of aerosol pollution—but it is the only one with longstanding records to prove it. It also explains the widely observed trend—from Canada to South Africa to Israel—of a decrease in highland precipitation compared with that in adjacent lowlands. Pollution is not just obscuring the majestic view, it is also choking the mountain streams. | <urn:uuid:ff1b40ae-0206-4c6f-a67d-d3ea8cdf8313> | CC-MAIN-2019-13 | https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/rain-china-falls-mainly-on-plains-thanks-to-pollution/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-13/segments/1552912203462.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20190324145706-20190324171706-00001.warc.gz | en | 0.958414 | 326 | 3.171875 | 3 |
Many women in New Zealand actively monitor ovulation, but their fertility knowledge is still poor — particularly their ability to correctly identify their fertile window.
That’s the conclusion of a study published in the Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology by a group of researchers from Otago University.
Ovulation monitoring is common, but fertility knowledge is poor
The study confirmed the researchers’ assumption that ovulation monitoring is common. Almost a third (31.4%) of the 1034 study participants had monitored their ovulation at some point in their lives.
However, the large majority of the women — including those who had actively monitored their ovulation — still failed to correctly identify their fertile window (the few days during the menstrual cycle when conception is possible).
Those who had monitored ovulation did a little better on average. Nevertheless, only 18% of the women in this group correctly identified the fertile window, compared to 13% of those who had never tracked ovulation.
The researchers concluded that the poor level of fertility knowledge needs to be addressed:
“… many women, including those who had monitored their ovulation, had poor fertility knowledge and failed to identify the fertile window. Poor fertility knowledge needs to be addressed, especially among women intending to conceive.”
How to correctly identify your fertile window
Whether you live in New Zealand or not, how confident are you in your own fertility knowledge? Are you able to correctly identify your fertile window, pinpoint your ovulation day, and time intercourse in order to give yourself the best possible chances of getting pregnant?
If you think a little refresher might be useful, here are some suggestions for further reading:
- When is ovulation? In this article, we review the key methods for identifying your fertile window and your ovulation day, including how to use ovulation tests, how to observe your cervical mucus, and how to chart your basal body temperature.
- How to get pregnant fast with irregular periods. Identifying your fertile window is a lot trickier if your cycles are irregular, but it’s not impossible. Follow our guide.
- Dive deeper. Would you like to take your fertility knowledge to the next level? All the book suggestions below will provide you with fascinating insights into the wonderful world of female fertility and reproductive health. | <urn:uuid:5cfc99b7-c685-4035-95f0-5a67fc4675ea> | CC-MAIN-2018-09 | http://pregnant-naturally.com/many-women-cannot-identify-fertile-window/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-09/segments/1518891812756.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20180219151705-20180219171705-00708.warc.gz | en | 0.954321 | 477 | 2.5625 | 3 |
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Jacob Gramtorp | 0:52
THE Amager Bakke Waste-To-Energy Plant is nearing completion in Copenhagen, as new drone footage by Jacob Sangkoyo Gramtorp reveals.
The USD $670 million project was first unveiled in 2011 and broke ground in 2013.
Its main component is a waste-to-energy power plant that will provide low-carbon energy to 50,000 people and deliver heating to 140,000 households.
Above and Below: The Amager Bakke Waste-To-Energy Plant has been operation since September 2018 ( images courtesy of Aldo Amoretti).
It also features a 31,000 square metre ski slope on its roof, a rare sight in the cold, but famously flat Denmark.
Artificial turf ensures that the slope can be used in the summer months. There's also a hiking trail, an outdoor fitness area and numerous lookout points offering views across the city.
Above: The roof is currently being laid out (image courtesy of Aldo Amoretti).
The slope has been designed by planners and landscape studio SLA Architects to resemble Nordic mountains and is designed to attract birds, bees, butterflies and other insects.
Above and Below: The landscaped roof features a year-round ski slope as well as other visitor facilities (images courtesy of SLA Architects).
At full capacity, the facility will burn 400,000 tonnes of refuse each year and is set to become the most efficient waste-to-energy plant in the world. Sulphur emissions have been reduced by 99.5% and NOx emissions by circa 90%.
The completed structure is expected to attract 57,000 visitors a year. | <urn:uuid:268bb348-9d5d-4c19-ab13-93b963dc4a6d> | CC-MAIN-2019-51 | https://www.theb1m.com/video/waste-to-energy-plant-with-ski-slope-nears-completion | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-51/segments/1575540482954.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20191206000309-20191206024309-00287.warc.gz | en | 0.955196 | 369 | 2.59375 | 3 |
This is one of the possible Use Cases.
Recommendations for Chronic Diseases, Type 2 Diabetes Guidelines. Suggesting therapeutic recommendations requires to use knowledge issued from several sources, e.g., ontologies of drugs, of diseases, of food, rules describing guidelines, patient's data and history stored in patient's electronic medical records. Therapeutic recommendations in guidelines can be considered as rules composed of body and head . For chronic diseases, body is usually expressed as combinations of clinical and therapeutic criteria. Therapeutic criteria include patient's past or ongoing treatments, i.e. earlier treatment that has been prescribed and its outcome in terms of efficacy and tolerance. Body are sets of therapeutic options, generally expressed in terms of therapeutic classes, but sometimes expressed otherwise, as a particular type or group of therapeutic agents.
Here some examples of rules:
Rule1. If oral monotherapy with maximal doses of sulfamide or metformin associated with lifestyle changes is not effective, then the monotherapy should be replaced by oral bitherapy.
Rule 2. If a drug may interact with patient's medication or other conditions e.g., contraindications do not prescribe this drug.
Originally proposed by: Christine Golbreich (posted by IanHorrocks on her behalf)
3. Relationship to OWL/RDF Compatibility
A rule extension to OWL DL
4. Benefits of Interchange
- Interoperability between ontologies through OWL standard is necessary to allow reasoning across domains (Drug, Food, Disease) plus rules
5. Requirements on the RIF
- Compatibility with OWL
- Reasoning with ontologies and rules
6.1. Actors and their Goals
- Patient - consults his doctor for controlling his diabetes and getting his treatment
- Doctor - wants to prescribe the treatment which is appropriate to the current situation
- Doctor - suggests a new treatment and checks its relevance from the Computer-interpretable guidelines (CIG) and patient's electronic medical records (EMR).
6.2. Main Sequence
A diabete treatment depends on the disease evolution and patient's past treatment history. It needs to be regularly controlled and updated according the very simplified strategy below (guidelines), depending on several factors (including the level of some varriable << HbA1 >>)
At each next visit, his doctor checks if his new prescription is consitent with the patient's data, the guidelines and ontologies knowledge
If he mistakes then he asks his system to provide him some suggestions
The same patient comes back later ...
Another patient consults ...
General prescription strategy :
First : non-drug treatment
- Physical activity
Next : drug treatment
- First, monotherapy
- Else next, bitherapy
And finally, insuline
Treatment of diabetic patients must be regularly updated: for example, 5 to 7% of type 2 diabetic patients will require, yearly, a change from oral monotherapy or bitherapy antidiabetic drugs to insulin treatment, in order to maintain a good glycaemic control.
Bob goes to his physician, Dr. Rosen for a regular control. Bob is a 54 years old patient having Diabete, diagnosed in March 2002. His blood pressure is 16/9. His doctor's goal is to maintain the HbA1c (*) under 6.5. At the beginning, his glycemy was controlled thanks to a food diet and some physical practice, of medium intensity. Then a treatment by Glucor (a inh apha-glucosidase), 50 mg 3 time per day has been prescribed from June 2003, because of a too high value of HbA1c. Four months later, this drug was replaced by Hemi-daonil (glibenclamide, a sulfamid) 1.25 mg 3 times per day, because of digestive troubles. It was well supported. But one year later it had to be replaced by Diamicron (a sulfamide) 80 mg 3 times, because the glycemy control was not satisfying. Now, the patient has a value of HbA1c > 7 for the second time since 2 months. What should his doctor prescribe him, according to the guidelines recommendations?
His doctor was about prescribing Stagid (metformine, a biguanide) 700 mg, 3 times. Fortunately, he double checked his prescription with his system based on interpretable guidelines, patient's electronic medical records, Drug, Food, Disease ontologies. The system informed him that he should have prescribed a bitherapy (sulfamides/metformine, or sulfamides/apha-glucosidases inhibitor, or metformine/alpha-glucosidases inhibitors) instead (because of Rule1 "If oral monotherapy with maximal doses of sulfamide or metformin associated with lifestyle changes is not effective, then the monotherapy should be replaced by oral bitherapy"). So, he changed his prescription for an association of two other drugs: metformine and Avandia (rosiglitazone, a glitazones). However, unfortunately he was mistaking again. From the data registered in the electronic record of the patient, and the Disease ontology, the system warned him that this patient diabetes was complicated by a nephropathy with mild renal insufficiency. Then, hopefully the system complained again, and sent an alert from the Drug ontology indicating that the prescribed drug metformine was contraindicated because of the nephropathy, and also warned to potentially drug interaction with Bob's current Conversion Enzyme Inhibitor used for his nephropathy!
(*) HbA1c is an indicator used to evaluate diabete stage of a patient
This technology could be made available to doctors, to double check their own knowledge and to patients who want to take a greater role in understanding their own health care.
V. Ebrahiminia, C. Duclos, R. Cohen, A. Venot, Representing the Patient's Therapeutic History in Medical Records and in Guideline Recommendations for Chronic Diseases Using a Unique Model, MIE 2005 | <urn:uuid:647ba03d-b3b3-4f21-a57d-9cfdf0ce0bc8> | CC-MAIN-2014-15 | http://www.w3.org/2005/rules/wg/wiki/Decision_making_in_Health_Care.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-15/segments/1397609533689.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20140416005213-00383-ip-10-147-4-33.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.931186 | 1,273 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Slag, an abundant byproduct from the pyrometallurgical processing of ores, can be an environmental liability or a valuable resource. The most common environmental impact of slag is from the leaching of potentially toxic elements, acidity, or alkalinity that may impact nearby soils and surface water and groundwater. Factors that influence its environmental behavior include physical characteristics, such as grain size and porosity, chemical composition with some slag being enriched in certain elements, the mineralogy and partitioning of elements in more or less reactive phases, water-slag interactions, and site conditions. Many of these same factors also influence its resource potential. For example, crystalline ferrous slag is most commonly used as construction aggregate, whereas glassy (i.e., granulated) slag is used in cement. Also, the calcium minerals found in ferrous slag result in useful applications in water treatment. In contrast, the high trace-element content of some base-metal slags makes the slags economically attractive for extraction of residual elements. An evaluation tool is used to help categorize a particular slag as an environmental hazard or valuable byproduct. Results for one type of slag, legacy steelmaking slag from the Chicago area in the USA, suggest the material has potential to be used for treating phosphate-rich or acidic waters; however, the pH and trace-element content of resulting solutions may warrant further examination. | <urn:uuid:8217bf4e-9a7b-44d2-8bf7-a6f49b2b77e5> | CC-MAIN-2018-51 | https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70193238 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-51/segments/1544376828448.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20181217065106-20181217091106-00276.warc.gz | en | 0.886966 | 290 | 3.71875 | 4 |
America, since it made it on the International scene after becoming victorious after World War II, was always in the dominate world stage among freedom loving people. Every president since Franklin Roosevelt has cherished America being in that position. Here are two presidents with their goals of greatness for America,
On May 25, 1961, President John F. Kennedy announced before a special joint session of Congress the dramatic and ambitious goal of sending an American safely to the Moon before the end of the decade. A number of political factors affected Kennedy’s decision and the timing of it. In general, Kennedy felt great pressure to have the United States “catch up to and overtake” the Soviet Union in the “space race. What has Obama done to the space program, we can’t even go to the space station without having to sit in back of the bus. We have to go with a Russian spacecraft and sit in back of the Russian astronauts. Obama has dismantled our space program. President John Kennedy must be turning over in his grave. So much for American exceptionlism.
“As Ronald Reagan emphasized, America is a shining city upon a hill whose beacon light guides freedom-loving people everywhere.” Even though Ronald Reagan was from another era in American history the young people of America loved him and he brought back patriotism to America after four years of negativeness brought on by President Jimmy Carter.
Obama doesn’t believe the United States is exceptional or even wants it to be. He believes in the new world order, lower the expectations for America; level the playing field. The only accomplishment he has is Obama Care and that is definitely not exceptional in any sense of the word. This is a health care program that is going to prevent jobs because business will not be hiring. Obama is lowering the standards and high expectations of our economy by destroying it.
As a candidate in 2008 a snapshot came across the news wires showing Obama holding Fareed Zakaria book titled “The Post- American World.” I remember that picture, it was all over the internet.The vicious Zakaria describes his book this way: “This is not a book about the decline of America, but rather about the rise of everyone else.” In it, he details the era he hopes we are entering now — a world in which the United States would “no longer dominate the global economy, orchestrate geopolitics, or overwhelm cultures.” Just look at what has gone on in the world stage since Obama has become President, that is exactly what he is doing, he is taking us away from being a dominate force in the world stage.
This is what Obamas game plan has been. He turned against our allies (particularly Israel) and showed them that America could not be relied on. He taxed us into poverty and stirred up racial strife to make us all less safe. He has enabled Russia to re-emerge as a world power, and the Islamic jihadists are bolder than ever.
Obama vowed to make America just another nation — unexceptional — and he has. It’s not that other nations have risen. They haven’t. It’s that Obama has dismantled American hegemony and diminished our standing in the world.
Obama is allied himself with organizations around the world that would have been unheard of from past presidents such as the Muslim Brotherhood. Even though we are still a Christian Judaea nation Obama does not speak up when Christians are slaughtered around the world. Every terrorist attack but one in the US has been by Muslims, but Obama will not acknowledge the fact, he still calls them groups instead of what they are, vicious murderers and we are not to label them as what they really are in Obamas eyes. I will tell you one thing, I don’t feel as protected as I once felt in America and I don’t think you should either.
America is slipping into a country that I never knew before, and believe me that is by design. Obamas design. This president is dangerous and the faster his four years are up the better, if in fact he is not impeached first. If our enemies overseas do not look at us as an exceptional country any longer that means they will attempt daring attacks of devastation against us until it reaches our homeland. Exceptionlism has been America since World War II and along comes Obama and he wants us to belong to the world order, in other words level the playing field, we need to turn this around with a true leader, and rid ourselves of these socialists that are infiltrating our society. I want to say that my country is exceptional again. | <urn:uuid:bae962c1-7c6e-4774-9d9a-16162e9bf16c> | CC-MAIN-2020-10 | https://johnapappas.com/2013/10/03/obamas-goal-has-been-no-exceptionlism-for-america/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875145742.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20200223001555-20200223031555-00288.warc.gz | en | 0.970539 | 942 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Others are painted with outstanding skill. C and Menkaura B. Fragments illustrating a banquet from the same tomb give the impression that the painter not only had outstanding skill but a particular delight in experimenting with unusual detail. The lightness and gaiety of the music is conveyed by their inclined heads and the apparent movement of the tiny braids of their elaborately plaited hair.
Some craftsmen were confident enough to be able to use freehand, but more often intersecting horizontal and vertical lines were used as a guide. This was filled in with one colour, grey, white, or yellow, using a brush made of a straight twig or reed with the fibres teased out.
First Intermediate Period c. The air above the graceful heads of the papyrus reeds is alive with birds, and the delicate carving makes them easily distinguishable even without the addition of colour.
On a smaller scale, painting on papyrus, furniture, and wooden coffins continued to be skillful until the latest periods of Egyptian history, though there was also much poor-quality mass-produced work.
Sculptures usually honored pharaohs and gods. Shading was rarely used until the midth Dynasty, when it was employed, particularly in crowd scenes, to suggest the fine pleating of linen garments.
Originally the signs and figures would have been filled with blue pigment, to contrast sharply with the polished red surface of the stone. Second Intermediate Period c. Engravings lined the inside of tombs and are the most common and well-known form of Ancient Egyptian art.
These 10 animal facts will amaze you Ancient Egyptian art aimed at preserving order and stability, or the prevailing relationships between the king, people, and the gods. The upper body, however, is depicted from the front and the legs face in the same direction as the head with one foot in front of the other.
During the third and fourth dynasties, Egypt enjoyed a golden age of peace and prosperity. As a consequence, during the Second Intermediate Period Egypt was divided into several spheres of influence.
Usually mud plaster was used, coated with a thin layer of fine gypsum. During the New Kingdom, whole walls were plastered, and sometimes reliefs of exquisite detail were carved in the plaster itself.
Get Full Essay Get access to this section to get all help you need with your essay and educational issues. The majority of ancient Egyptian art uses the same techniques and styles across that 2,year span. After this came the golden age of Egyptian New Kingdom Architecturewith its huge temple precincts at Karnak and Luxor, after which the extended period of Late Egyptian Architecture was a distinct anti-climax.
Instead the relief design was cut down into the smoothed surface of the stone.
A tomb with a perfect stone obelisk positioned between two giant pharaoh statues is a perfect example of this balanced view. Because they were sacred, cats were depicted similar to a pharaoh, stiff and rigid with their head slightly tilted.
Again with Tutankhamen, there was a display of a decent development of decorative arts. Human figures, for example, were drawn to scales which reflected their social status rather than a realistic depiction of relative proportions, and whilst the eyes and bodies would have a frontal aspect, heads and legs would not.
To the ancient Egyptians, the king was a godlike being, closely identified with the all-powerful god Horus. The preoccupation with death and with funeral art is now turning out to be a great help to the fields of Egyptian archeology and Egyptian mythologyas well as to other scientists and artists.Art was very important to the Egyptian culture.
Ancient Egypt lasted from about B.C.
to about B.C. Art symbolized Egyptian beliefs and every day life. Today in western culture, we generally consider art a form of self-expression. However, for /5(5). A major characteristic of ancient Egyptian art is the use of simple lines and shapes.
The Egyptians believed this created an orderly, balanced presentation, and they tended to portray life and people as they wished them to be and not how they actually were.
Egyptian art emphasized three basic elements, engraving, sculpture, and painting. Engravings lined the inside of tombs and are the most common and well-known form of Ancient Egyptian art. The engravings depicted the pharaoh's life, the gods, and legends about them.
Egyptian art and architecture: Egyptian art and architecture, the architectural monuments, sculptures, paintings, and decorative crafts of ancient Egypt. See also: Neolithic Art in China ( on) and also: Traditional Chinese Art.
The function of Egyptian art was twofold. First, to glorify the gods - including the Pharaoh - and facilitate human passage into the after-life.
Second, to assert, propagandize and preserve the values of the day.
Ancient Egyptian Art. Definition. Art from this period produced at Thebes retains the characteristics of the Middle Kingdom while that of the Nubians and Hyksos - both of whom admired and copied Egyptian art - differs in size, quality, and technique.Download | <urn:uuid:c1dd76c8-af37-4eda-aa54-e04857619389> | CC-MAIN-2019-22 | https://hapasya.henrydreher.com/main-characteristics-egyptian-art-74314ls.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-22/segments/1558232256778.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20190522083227-20190522105227-00351.warc.gz | en | 0.964084 | 1,054 | 3.53125 | 4 |
School anxiety in children is very common. School anxiety typically takes one of three forms:
- School refusal –refusing to go to school
- Test anxiety
- Social anxiety – may be a precursor to agoraphobia
Causes of Anxiety in School Children
The three types of school anxiety can come from a variety of causes. When a child refuses to go to school, this is typically caused by separation anxiety. Separation anxiety is only seen in children and occurs in about 4.5% of children age 7-11. This type of anxiety in school children stems from excessive worry about unreasonable harm to important figures in their lives.1
Test anxiety in children, on the other hand, is often related to a fear of failure. Childhood test anxiety can continue into adulthood and take other forms of performance anxiety. Other causes of test anxiety in school children include:
- Lack of preparation
- Poor test history
Social anxiety in children, also known as social phobia, can be seen at school and in other parts of a child's life. Typical onset of social anxiety is 13-years-old.2 It is thought severe social anxiety in children may be caused due to altered serotonin pathways in the brain.3 Extreme overuse of caffeine can also produce anxiety symptoms.
Signs of School Anxiety in Children
The most obvious sign of school anxiety is a refusal to attend school or other events such as sleepovers. This could be due to any type of anxiety: Separation anxiety, social anxiety or test anxiety. When a child refuses to go to school repeatedly, a screening for an anxiety disorder should be conducted.
Other signs of anxiety in school children include:
- Selective mutism – most occurs with social anxiety
- Low birth weight and possible intellectual disability in children under 3
Older children, those age 12-16, often experience physical anxiety symptoms such as:4
- Gastrointestinal symptoms such as stomachache, nausea, cramps, vomiting
- Muscle or body aches
Treatments for Anxiety in School Children
Many treatments can reduce anxiety in school children. Techniques include:
- Relaxation exercises
- Cognitive therapy – often associated with the shortest duration (on average, six months) and best outcome
- Psychological therapy
- Social therapy
Medication is also available for children with anxiety but is not considered the preferred treatment in most situations. Medications should always be used alongside therapy for anxiety in school children.
After an incident of anxiety, it's critical to be calm and understanding. However, returning to a normal routine as soon as possible is important so as not to reinforce the anxiety symptoms. Putting an anxious child in home school is not recommended as it may prolong and make the symptoms of anxiety more severe. | <urn:uuid:9561675a-93b3-4940-adc3-039ac537c972> | CC-MAIN-2017-17 | https://www.healthyplace.com/anxiety-panic/anxiety-and-children/school-anxiety-in-children-signs-causes-treatments/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917122886.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031202-00544-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.958754 | 560 | 2.859375 | 3 |
West Nile virus found in Ashwaubenon dead crow
West Nile virus has been found in Brown County for the first time this season, in a dead crow found in Ashwaubenon earlier this summer.
The bird was found July 22, and test results came back positive Monday, according to the Brown County Health Department.
The disease is spread from birds to humans and other birds through the bite of mosquitoes, said Rob Gollman, environmental division manager for the health department.
The county’s surveillance program began with the start of mosquito season May 1. This is the first positive showing for the virus this year, although it’s been detected in previous years, Gollman said.
He was unaware of any humans in Brown County ever contracting the virus. Most would never know it. About 80 percent of people infected with the virus do not get sick. Most of the rest of people experience mild symptoms such as fever, headache, muscle ache, rash and fatigue.
Fewer than 1 percent of people infected get seriously ill, with symptoms including high fever, muscle weakness, stiff neck, disorientation, tremors, paralysis or even coma. Older adults and people with compromised immune systems are at greater risk of developing central nervous system illness that can be fatal, according to the health department.
It means residents need to be more vigilant in the measures they take to avoid mosquito bites, according to Public Health Director Chua Xiong.
Eliminating standing water and excess shrubbery around the house will reduce mosquito habitat. Avoiding time outside at dawn and dusk and using insect repellent on clothing as well as skin also should help reduce risk, she said.
The state Department of Health Services has monitored the spread of West Nile virus since 2001 among wild birds, horses, mosquitoes and people. During 2002, the state documented its first human infections and 52 cases were reported that year. During 2014, six cases of West Nile virus infection were reported among Wisconsin residents. West Nile virus infections in humans have been reported from June through October; however, most reported becoming ill with West Nile virus in August and September.
The Wisconsin Division of Public Health will continue surveillance for West Nile virus until the end of the mosquito season. To report a sick or dead crow, blue jay or raven, call the Dead Bird Reporting Hotline at (800) 433-1610.
Now that Brown County has confirmed its first case, it won’t accept any more specimens this year, Gollman said.
— email@example.com and follow him on Twitter @PGpaulsrubas
For more information on West Nile virus: https://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/arboviral/westnilevirus.htm
Reduce the risk
The Brown County Health Department recommends the following:
■ Limit time spent outside at dawn and dusk, when mosquitoes are most active.
■ Apply insect repellent to clothing as well as exposed skin since mosquitoes may bite through clothing.
■ Make sure window and door screens are in good repair to prevent mosquito entry.
■ Properly dispose of items that hold water, such as tin cans, plastic containers, ceramic pots or discarded tires.
■ Clean roof gutters and downspouts for proper drainage.
■ Turn over wheelbarrows, wading pools, boats and canoes when not in use.
■ Change the water in birdbaths and pet dishes at least every three days.
■ Clean and chlorinate swimming pools, outdoor saunas and hot tubs; drain water from pool covers.
■ Trim tall grass, weeds and vines since mosquitoes use these areas to rest during hot daylight hours.
■ Landscape to prevent water from pooling in low-lying areas. | <urn:uuid:b39cf323-0377-4044-bbd3-bf26d6ef8edf> | CC-MAIN-2019-43 | https://www.greenbaypressgazette.com/story/news/local/2015/08/04/west-nile-virus-found-ashwaubenon-dead-crow/31132207/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-43/segments/1570987795403.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20191022004128-20191022031628-00063.warc.gz | en | 0.958889 | 784 | 2.578125 | 3 |
The concept of beauty is known throughout the world. But the ideas and values that are considered beautiful differ from place to place and even change in the same place as time moves on. The standards by which beauty is judged are determined by various aspects of our culture which have been evolving since the dawn of civilization. Many of these standards of beauty have change over the years as society has changed, but some have also remained the same.
Cultural values and other circumstances have changed how people have viewed beauty for eons. Much of what is considered beautiful in a person is based on the values of society, especially the various roles of men and women. For instance, in "Beauty and the Beast," by Mme. Le Prince de Beaumont, Beauty is to be considered beautiful in both appearance and personality. Her sisters were not considered beautiful because of their repelling personalities, even though they were all described as physically beautiful.
This can show that the traits of being nice and amiable are considered positive and attribute toward one's beauty, while being ill-humored and proud are thought to be negative and ugly. It also shows beauty as relying more on personality than physical appearances. In "Drugs, Sports, Body Image and G.I. Joe," Natalie Angier describes how the ideas of what is beautiful in the modern world now focus more heavily on the physical aspects of a person. This fundamental shift has been brought about by centuries of cultural changes, which leaves one to wonder how beauty will be judged in the next hundred years.
As many aspects of our culture have changed, many aspects of beauty have changed. For example, the ideal appearance of a woman was considered fair and slightly overweight a few centuries... | <urn:uuid:7b447520-9019-453d-848f-8db3c2152e6e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.writework.com/essay/everchanging-beauty | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281450.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00080-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.980934 | 346 | 3.359375 | 3 |
You will need:
- Glue stick
- Needle nose pliers
- Ball pins or map pins
- Seed beads
- Pencils, unsharpened with an eraser on the end OR cookie or cake pop sticks
1. Choose a selection of coloured or patterned paper.
2. Cut out two equal sized squares of paper and glue them together with the pattern or colour side facing out. The bigger the square, the bigger the pinwheel.
3. Fold the square in half diagonally so the two tips meet. Unfold and do the same thing to the other half. Unfold again.
4. Cut along the creases from the corner to about ¾ of the way into the center of the square.
5. Gently fold in every other point to the middle of the square and pin through the centre.
6. Slide a seed bead on the pin at the back of the pinwheel and push into the stick. TIP: Use a push pin to make a hole in the sticks, or use the soft eraser at the end of the pencil.
7. Adjust the end of the pin so that the pinwheel can spin, then bend the pin back with pliers. | <urn:uuid:90fe407f-ec18-41f0-93ff-abb458d72670> | CC-MAIN-2016-07 | http://www.todaysparent.com/toddler/craft-the-pinwheel/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-07/segments/1454701148834.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20160205193908-00224-ip-10-236-182-209.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.885167 | 254 | 2.90625 | 3 |
Over the past six to seven years, incidence of suicide has been steadily rising in the country. According to data from the Bangladesh Police, at least 11,200 people killed themselves in the country last year. The numbers were 11,095 in 2017; 10,600 in 2016; 10,500 in 2015 and 10,200 in 2014.
This shows that on an average there are 30 suicides every day.
Across the world, nearly 800,000 people commit suicide every year, according to World Health Organisation data.
Still, suicide is a preventable global public health problem that is often neglected by policymakers. Psychiatric morbidities are important risk factors for suicide. Repeated evidences suggest that about 90 per cent of suicide victims had at least one mental disorder. Usually, 60 per cent of suicide deaths are caused by depression. Other psychiatric disorders often found in psychological autopsies of suicidal deaths are personality disorders, adjustment disorders, alcohol and drug-related disorders, bipolar disorders, schizophrenia and other psychotic disorder, anxiety disorders, impulse control disorders, somatoform disorders, sleep disorders, eating disorders, and childhood psychiatric disorders.
Previous studies have revealed that up to 83 per cent of suicides have had contacts with primary care physicians within a year prior to the death. Around two-thirds of them have occurred within a month. This is why psychologists and psychiatrists believe that treatment of mood disorders is a key to preventing suicide.
Improved and regular screening of depressed patients with better treatment subsequently should be ensured at the primary-care level. After ensuring acute management, long time follow-up is also necessary as depression is a chronic and recurrent disorder.
TREATMENT OF MENTAL DISORDERS CAN PREVENT SUICIDE: Treatment of disorders with psychotropic medicines is a remarkable part of suicidal prevention. Acute treatment can prevent suicide significantly as has been found by the previous researches, provided the long-term treatment include prophylactic by antidepressants, mood stabilisers and antipsychotics. These substantially reduce suicidal thoughts and thus suicide attempts. Use of anti-depressants is a very strong strategy in suicide prevention. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) are modern, less toxic anti-depressants that are effective at reducing suicides through both short-term and long-term treatment.
PSYCHOLOGICAL INTERVENTIONS: Psychotherapy plays a significant role in suicide prevention by reducing the acute emergency symptoms and long-term complications after proper correction of the cognitive distortions. For suicide prevention, processes like cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT), dialectical behavioural therapy (DBT), problem-solving therapy, a brief family-based crisis intervention and intensive care with outreach, interpersonal psychotherapy were found to be effective. Studies have revealed that CBT reduces the suicidal attempt by a half when compared with patients receiving traditional care.
POST DISCHARGE, FOLLOW-UP INTERVENTIONS: Persons with mental disorders and suicidal risks or dealing with severe psychological crises need urgent psychiatric admission for crisis management and psychotropic medicines. Previous evidences have revealed that suicidal tendencies are likely to manifest within a few days after discharge from a hospital. So, close, long-term observation, along with regular follow-ups, is necessary.
Suicidal attempts and tendencies to commit suicide were drastically reduced among patients who received regular phone calls, emails and other forms of communication from caregivers, family members and friends. Increased attention from family members and engagement in social programmes also play a significant role in keeping suicidal tendencies at bay among patients.
Dr. S M Yasir Arafat is an Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry, CARe Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh
© 2017 - All Rights with The Financial Express | <urn:uuid:06566025-32ff-460b-a46f-0fec0ead7304> | CC-MAIN-2019-35 | http://thefinancialexpress.com.bd/views/opinions/unholy-link-between-mental-disorders-and-suicides-1557849272 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-35/segments/1566027314667.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20190819052133-20190819074133-00438.warc.gz | en | 0.944687 | 756 | 3.484375 | 3 |
RODALE NEWS, EMMAUS, PA—The down economy has led to the first increase in smoking rates in 10 years. And if you're part of that trend, the health risks of smoking could be killing your heart, even if you smoke only a cigarette or two a day. A study published in the medical journal Circulation has found that the most substantial increases in risk of death from heart problems occur with the first few puffs you take. Which makes quitting smoking entirely the surest way to protect yourself.
THE DETAILS: Researchers collected data on smoking and disease from a study conducted by the American Cancer Society in 1982. They pulled information on smoking history, alcohol use, age, weight, sex, marital status, and other demographics from surveys completed by adults over 30 who lived in a household with someone over the age of 45. That information was compared with death records to see who had died from ischemic heart disease, cardiovascular disease, and cardiopulmonary disease.
For more information about smoking, and how to quit, see:
How Whiskers and a Cold Nose Will Help You Quit Smoking
To Quit Smoking and Lose Weight, Look in the Mirror
Thirdhand Smoke: A Hidden Hazard for Kids and Babies
Smoke-Lead Combo Raises ADHD Risk
Save Your Brain: Avoid These 4 Bad Habits
Recession Raises Smoking Rates; Women’s Lungs at Extra Risk
Their study found that people who saw the greatest increase in their risk of dying from cardiovascular diseases were those who were exposed to the least amount of smoke. For instance, a person smoking less than three cigarettes per day would see a 64 percent increased risk of death from cardiovascular disease, compared to nonsmokers. But if that person jumped to smoking between 13 and 17 cigarettes per day, his risk would increase only another 3 percent, to 67 percent. Also surprising was the health risks to people exposed to secondhand smoke. Adults who smoke less than three cigarettes per day are exposed to 18 milligrams of dangerous particulate matter every day, while secondhand smokers are exposed to a minute fraction of that amount, 0.44 milligrams. Yet, even that tiny amount led to a 31 percent increase in the risk of death from cardiopulmonary disease, compared to people not exposed to cigarette smoke.
Published on: September 8, 2009
Updated on: June 10, 2010 | <urn:uuid:848e8ae8-b71d-400c-95d2-724e60ca7207> | CC-MAIN-2014-15 | http://www.rodalenews.com/health-risks-smoking?cm_mmc=ABCNews-_-To%20Quit%20Smoking%20and%20Lose%20Weight%20Look%20in%20the%20Mirror-_-Article-_-Health%20Risks%20of%20Smoking%20Start%20with%20Just%20a%20Few%20Puffs%20RL | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-15/segments/1398223202774.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20140423032002-00063-ip-10-147-4-33.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.962692 | 490 | 2.859375 | 3 |
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Some beautiful but remote lights twinkle across the sky this evening. Sirius, the brightest star in the night sky, shines at us from almost nine light-years away. Betelgeuse, the orange shoulder of Orion, is hundreds of light-years away. And arcing across the sky, the Milky Way is the combined glow of millions of stars, many of which are farther still.
Looking at this view under a dark, moonless sky can help us appreciate the vastness of the universe. But to fully appreciate its workings, scientists also must look at the other end of the size scale — to the tiniest particles.
It’s at these scales that scientists can probe some of the mysteries of the universe. One is why the universe consists almost entirely of matter, with only a tiny bit of antimatter. The Big Bang should have created them in almost equal amounts. But there may have been an imbalance, so most of the antimatter was destroyed.
Another mystery is whether particles of gravity “jump” into hidden dimensions. If they do, that could explain why gravity is so much weaker than the other basic forces of nature.
To solve these mysteries, scientists use particle accelerators, which ram together subatomic particles at almost the speed of light. These experiments are telling us about the first moments of the universe, and the processes that shape it today — processes that work not only on the smallest scales, but across the immensity of time and space.
Script by Damond Benningfield | <urn:uuid:1bd402c7-762d-43f4-83d1-6e204ee78a5b> | CC-MAIN-2020-40 | https://stardate.org/radio/program/2018-01-31 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-40/segments/1600400208095.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20200922224013-20200923014013-00522.warc.gz | en | 0.928753 | 365 | 3.6875 | 4 |
The Kurobe Dam (黒部ダム is a variable-radius arch dam located on the Kurobe River in Toyama Prefecture, Kurobe Damu)Japan. It was completed in 1963 after 7 years of construction. It is featured in the 1964 Godzilla film Ghidorah, the Three-Headed Monster and 1966 Gamera film Gamera vs. Barugon.
After the Z-Plan rocket collided with a meteorite while en-route to Mars, Gamera was freed and returned to Earth to attack the power facility at the base of the Kurobe Dam. Gamera retracted into his shell and deliberately flew into the dam until it breached, sending a torrent of water to flood into the valley below. Gamera then flew off toward an erupting volcano at the equator.
Showing 0 comments. When commenting, please remain respectful of other users, stay on topic, and avoid role-playing and excessive punctuation. Comments which violate these guidelines may be removed by administrators. | <urn:uuid:0e39cc5b-2015-4277-981b-3dd6bc0c68b4> | CC-MAIN-2020-16 | https://wikizilla.org/wiki/Kurobe_Dam | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585370491857.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20200328104722-20200328134722-00083.warc.gz | en | 0.942234 | 203 | 2.765625 | 3 |
Let’s get indulged in writing a paper in apa format, has this task been too hard for you? Have you tried the American Psychological writing format in your life ever? This is one of the largely used formats of writing in academic papers and belongs to the field of science. It has prevailed through time and numerous changes have been made in this type of format so far. We have listed some useful points that should be followed by anyone who is trying to adopt the APA format and I’m sure it’ll help him in the long run.
Generally, these guidelines are followed in writing a paper in APA format:
1 – Margin : Although normally, the requirement of margin is 1.5 inch, now it has been approved that you must have 1 inch of margin drawn on all sides of your page.
2 – Font Size: The size of the font should be set to 12 PTS and it should be the Times New Roman selected for this format.
3 – Spacing: You must produce double spaces for the documents including footnotes, tables and figures. For easy to understand spacing you should space once after commas, colons and semi-colors within any sentence.
4 – Indentation – Alignment should be on the left hand side and if not on left then it should be placed on the uneven right margin.
5 – Active Voice: Normally, the APA writing style is written with an impersonal form. That is, setting yourself as an example like ‘We’ in your statements that you’ll make through out the format. The best gimmick is to replace the alphabet ‘I’ with the word ‘We’ and check if it’s making sense, if it does then you’re on the correct path.
6 – Title Page; the title page must contain the title of your paper and also the name of the author, your institutional affiliation and also an author’s note if this is applicable. In case you’re missing out on affiliation, type in the name of the city or state. Please be informed that this title page will be on the first page of your project and it should be typed in the centre of the page. If your title is too long to be fitted into a single line do not forget to put double spaces after making it a doubled line title. I’m sure if you follow up with these guidelines you will not have problems in writing a paper in apa format. | <urn:uuid:265b1346-f34e-453d-854d-604ca3da257b> | CC-MAIN-2019-09 | http://www.oliolusso-shop.com/how-to-write-a-college-paper/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-09/segments/1550247479159.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20190215204316-20190215230316-00372.warc.gz | en | 0.918569 | 516 | 2.703125 | 3 |
Geographical references in the avesta are in avestan geography no and the khotanese texts record the identification of mount sumeru in buddhist. Frequently asked questions on the zoroastrian religion and scriptures (avesta. The good religion and and writings ending as late as 1773 ce in three languages of avesta of the institutionalized zoroastrianism, buddhism. Why is only importance given to hindu mahabharata, ramayana and hindu puranas and rejecting buddhist and jain the name rama also figures in the avesta. Avesta alexander the great buddhist stupa zurmala termez in as far back as 1926 they came out with the suggestion that it must have been a buddhist stupa. Avesta homer behistun gaulish epigraphy the tocharians or tokharians (/ t within are buddhist temples and stupas numbering a thousand.
The buddhist redemption is merely an ascetical self-redemption wrought by sinking which in the avesta was divided into six catholic online singles safe. Wisdom quarterly: american buddhist journal the development of his church, the history of the avesta shortage of singles drives men to commit. Buddhism christianity hinduism islam judaism avesta, the the catholic which is the pahlavi form of the word avesta, has the meaning of text. Avesta is the holy book of the upanishads call them lower and higher knowledge and the buddhist scriptures refer to them as relative and absolute. Arezou azad discusses three cave complexes of the region, which seem to be medieval buddhist here is the start of the description, from p219: 1.
The various religions of the iranian people some uyghurs are descendants of the saka people in buddhist kingdom of khotan some iranian groups in iran. Avesta is the name the mazdean (mazdayasnian) religious tradition gives to the collection of its sacred texts. The sacred book of zoroastrianism is called the avesta here are 10 things you didn’t know about zoroastrianism beliefnet buddhism toggle menu. Thapar states that the word hindu is found as heptahindu in avesta – equivalent to rigvedic which became characteristic for hinduism, along with buddhism and.
Aryan (/ ˈ ɛər i ən, ˈ ær-/ the avesta clearly uses airya/airyan as an ethnic name in buddhist texts, the āryas are those who have the buddhist śīla. Start studying world religions exam 3 the accommodation between shinto and buddhism was best seventy-two chapter section of the avesta containing.
Glossary of religion in mahayana buddhism, anti-gods or demi-gods, who populate the lower heavens avesta the scripture of zoroastrianism. Role of kushana empire in buddhism and hinduism by adesh katariya ([email protected]) kushana empire and the silk route their capital was purushpura – currently peswar in pakistan. Singles give more subscribe a characteristic tenet of buddhism the avesta system may be best defined as monotheism modified by a physical and moral.
Avesta the sacred text of confucian and buddhist ideas and the chinese style of government, enjoyed semi-independence until the mongols took over by force in the. Avestan geography: the mixture of mythical and geographical references in the avesta are limited to or sumeru, in brahmanical, buddhist. Religious text edit history a buddhist scripture the khordeh avesta, a collection of everyday prayers from the avesta. Etymology the etymology of the term avesta itself is uncertain, but a derivation from middle persian abestāg meaning praise, is a frequently noted possibility [citation needed. Avesta, the, the sacred books of the parsees, or zoroastrians, and the main source of our knowledge concerning the religious and spiritual life of the ancient persians. Zoroastrianism, or more natively the most important texts of the religion are those of the avesta and even as a translation for the hindu and buddhist term.
Start meeting singles in avesta today with our free online personals and free avesta chat 100% free online dating in avesta, bl avesta buddhist singles. Click on the map to enlarge some 23,000 greco-buddhist sculptures, both clay and plaster, were excavated in haḍḍa during the 1930s and the 1970s. Avestan is the sacred language of the zoroastrians avestan is named for the zend avesta the more substantial khotanese texts are buddhist. Facts about world religions photos 1/19/2018 share share tweet (buddhism) literally and regard avesta as their holy book and ahura mazda as their supreme. | <urn:uuid:dd0bca88-4d9c-4980-a97f-7a776c42f7e1> | CC-MAIN-2018-51 | http://mddatingkftj.spuf.info/avesta-buddhist-personals.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-51/segments/1544376823817.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20181212091014-20181212112514-00076.warc.gz | en | 0.910969 | 1,101 | 3.21875 | 3 |
In my last post I introduced a number of present-day sayings and described their origins. I took items from a book called ‘Red Herrings and White Elephants - The Origins of the phrases we use every day.’
Judging by the number of hits on my blog these seemed to generate interest so here are a few more from that same book. I must acknowledge the author Albert Jack and his book published in 2004 (ISBN 1-84358-129-9) and hope he will forgive my use of extracts.
The White Elephant in the title originates from Siam (now Thailand) where the King was said to own all white elephants since they were rare and highly prized. It was strictly forbidden to ride them, put them to work or misuse them and they had to be kept well-housed, fed and watered. It was thus an expensive possession since you couldn't do anything with it. It is said that if anyone displeased the King he would give them a White Elephant, thus condemning them to a life of expense and trouble. Today a building (for example) is said to be a White Elephant if, despite the cost to build and maintain, it is of no use at all.
Pushed from Pillar to Post. Means to be hassled by others and generally to have one’s life made a misery. It comes from a time when criminals and wrong-doers would be taken to the Pillory (the Stocks) and then to the Whipping Post. This has become Pillar to Post.
To be Under the Weather. An old nautical term; when sailors were unwell and unable to function properly they were sent below decks (sheltered from (under) the weather) to recover.
Bob’s Your Uncle. In the 1886 Arthur Balfour was promoted to Secretary of State for Ireland even though he was considered to be singularly unsuitable for the job. When it became known that he was the nephew of the Prime Minister Robert Gascoyne-Cecil it was said that if Robert was your uncle a deed was as good as done. | <urn:uuid:1cd632a4-063e-4c23-ab30-d6cdeca0828b> | CC-MAIN-2021-04 | https://www.odblog.co.uk/blog/come-here-theres-more | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-04/segments/1610703524270.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20210121070324-20210121100324-00729.warc.gz | en | 0.988752 | 438 | 2.71875 | 3 |
The jet stream is a river of wind that blows horizontally through the upper layers of the troposphere, generally from west to east, at an altitude of 20,000 - 50,000 feet (6,100 - 9,144 meters), or about 7 miles (11 kilometers) up.
A jet stream develops where air masses of differing temperatures meet. For this reason, surface temperatures determine where the jet stream will form. The greater the difference in temperature, the faster the wind velocity inside the jet stream. Jet streams can flow up to 200 mph (322 km/h), are 1000's of miles long, 100's of miles wide, and a few miles thick.
Where the jet stream begins
o Air warmed in the tropics around the equator fuels the jet stream as it rises. Hitting the tropopause at about 58,000 feet (the layer of the atmosphere separating the troposphere from the stratosphere), it is drawn toward the colder air at the north and south poles.
Jet Stream Atmospheric Positions
Positions of jet streams in the atmosphere. Arrows indicate directions of mean motions in a meridional plane.
How it forms a convection cell
o At higher latitudes, the warm air cools and sinks, drawing more warm air in behind it. The cooled air flows back towards the equator, creating a loop or convection cell.
Why the jet stream flows on an easterly course
As the earth rotates on its axis, so does the air around it. Due to this easterly rotation, rising warm air builds up momentum going the same direction. Thus, the jet stream cannot flow due north or due south, but makes an angular approach from the west, toward both poles.
Why the jet stream is so fast
o Objects and air at the equator rotate around the earth's axis much faster than they do at more northerly or southerly latitudes. Thus, as the warmer air is drawn toward the poles, it moves faster, relative to the earth's surface. Because the rising warm air feeding the jet stream happens all along the equator, the effects accumulate, giving rise to high-speed winds.
The size of the jet stream
o The jet stream is no more than three miles thick, a few hundred miles wide and circles the earth. The size changes as temperature and other air masses meet the jet stream, causing it to shift its course.
o Jet streams move around the Earth in a narrow band. They are created by the difference in temperatures between two air masses, usually cold polar air and warm tropical air. The temperature variance creates gradients in air pressure, which in turn affects the strength of the winds in the jet stream. The greater the variance, the greater the wind speed. Jet stream winds normally are 100 to 200 mph but can reach speeds as high as 300 mph.
o A jet stream develops where air masses of differing temperatures meet, so surface temperatures help determine where they will form. The jet stream is snakelike, undulating like a river, because of the pressures on either side from the warm and cold air masses.
When the jet stream is pushed south by a cold air mass, it allows high pressure to sink and create colder-than-normal weather in the South. In the opposite situation, when northern regions get warmer than normal, the jet stream has been pushed north by tropical air.
Jet streams travel from west to east in both hemispheres.
o Jet streams were discovered in the 1920s by meteorologist Wasburo Ooishi, who was using weather balloons for his study of high elevation wind patterns over Japan. In 1939, German meteorologist H. Seilkopf was the first to use the term "jet stream" in a published scientific paper.
However, it wasn't until World War II, when the Japanese used the jet stream for fire balloon attacks on the American mainland, that the upper-level winds gained public recognition. Wiley Post, an American aviation pioneer, is credited with being the first person to fly within a jet stream. He and other WWII military pilots flying Boeing B-29 Superfortress bombers found the jet stream made high altitude flights difficult.
o Currents travel at varying wind speeds within a jet stream, with the greatest speeds at the core. A jet stream contains jet streaks, where the wind velocity is higher than the rest of the stream. The jet streaks cause air to rise, lowering the air pressure at the Earth's surface. When surface pressures are low, the rising air can form clouds, precipitation and storms.
o Jet streams play a major role in air travel. Eastbound flights usually take less flying time than westbound flights because of help from the fast-moving air. Jet streams can contain wind shear, a violent and sudden change in wind direction and speed, which is a major threat in air travel. Wind shear has caused airliners to suddenly lose altitude, putting them in danger of crashing. In 1988, the FAA decided that all commercial aircraft must have wind-shear warning systems, but it wasn't until 1996 that all airlines had them on-board.
Types of Jet Streams !!!
SUBTROPICAL JET STREAMS.— These jets, like the polar-front jets, are best developed in winter and early spring. During summer, in the Northern Hemisphere, the subtropical jet weakens considerably, and it is only identifiable in sporadic velocity streaks around the globe. During winter, subtropical jets intensify and can be found between 20° and 50° latitude. Their maximum speed approaches 300 knots, although these higher wind speeds are associated with their merger with polar-front jets. The core is most frequently found between 35,000 and 40,000 feet. A subsidence motion accompanies subtropical jets and gives rise to predominantly fair weather in areas they pass over. These jets are also remarkably persistent from time to time, but they do fluctuate daily. Sometimes they drift northward and merge with a polar-front jet. Over Asia in summer, the subtropical jet is replaced by the tropical easterly jet stream.
TROPICAL EASTERLY JET STREAM.— This jet occurs near the tropopause over Southeast Asia, India, and Africa during summer. The strongest winds are over southern India, but they are not as intense as the winds encountered in polar-front or subtropical jet streams. This jet is closely connected to the Indian and African sum-mer monsoons. The existence of this jet implies that there is a deep layer of warm air to the north of the jet and colder air to the south over the In-dian Ocean. This warm air is of course associ-ated with the maximum heating taking place over India in summer, while the colder air is over the ocean. The difference in heating and cooling and the ensuing pressure gradient is what drives this jet.
POLAR-NIGHT JET STREAM.— This jet meanders through the upper stratosphere over the poles. It occurs only during the long winter night. Remember, night is 6 months long over the pole in which winter is occurring. The polarstratosphere undergoes appreciable cooling due to the lack of solar radiation. The horizontal temperature gradient is strongly established bet-ween the equator and the pole, and the pressure gradient creates this westerly jet. The temperature gradient breaks down intermittently during middle and late winter in the Northern Hemisphere; therefore, the jet is intermittent at these times. In the Southern Hemisphere the temperature gradient and jet disappear rather abruptly near the time of the spring equinox.
Detailed explanation on how the Jet Streams affect the Monsoons and the Indian Sub Continent ?
Jet Streams are fast flowing winds blowing in a narrow zone in the high altitude above 12000 m in troposphere. There are a number of separate jet streams whose speed varies from 110 km/h in summer to about 184 km/h in winter.In winter the sub-tropical westerly jet streams bring rain to the western part of India, especially Himachal Pradesh, Haryana and Punjab. In summer the sub-tropical easterly jet blows over Peninsular India approximately at 14ON and bring some rain and storm.
|There are different jet streams and in respect of the climate and monsoons of India it is the Subtropical Jet Stream (STJ) and the countering easterly jet that are most important. As the summertime approaches there is increased solar heating of the Indian subcontinent, this has a tendency to form a cyclonic monsoon cell situated between the Indian Ocean and southern Asia. This cell is blocked by the STJ which tends to blow to the south of the Himalayas, as long as the STJ is in this position the development of summer monsoons is inhibited. During the summer months the STJ deflects northwards and crosses over the Himalayan Range. The altitude of the mountains initially disrupts the jet but once it has cleared the summits it is able to reform over central Asia. With the STJ out of the way the subcontinental monsoon cell develops very quickly indeed, often in a matter of a few days. Warmth and moisture are fed into the cell by a lower level tropical jet stream which brings with it air masses laden with moisture from the Indian Ocean. As these air masses are forced upward by north India’s mountainous terrain the air is cooled and compressed, it easily reaches it’s saturation vapour point and the excess moisture is dissipated out in the form of monsoon rains. The end of the monsoon season is brought about when the atmosphere over the Tibetan Plateau begins to cool, this enables the STJ to transition back across the Himalayas. This leads to the formation of a cyclonic winter monsoon cell typified by sinking air masses over India and relatively moisture free winds that blow seaward. This gives rise to relatively settled and dry weather over India during the winter months. This year has been something of an exception. Atmospheric changes over the southern Pacific Ocean led to warmer than usual waters flowing into the Indian Ocean. This provided additional moisture to feed the monsoon systems. Further to the north the polar jet stream stalled due to being countered by Rossby Waves, there was a large kink in the stream and this was centred over Russia. The stalled system prevented weather systems being drawn across Russia and the kink acted as a barrier trapping hot air to the south and cold air to the north. The consequence of this static mass of hot air was the heatwave that devastated Russia. With the jet stream stalled the STJ was unable to transit across the Himalayas as it would do ordinarily, the monsoon cell to the south, fed by warmer waters in the Indian Ocean, had nowhere to go and as a consequence it deposited vast amounts of rain over Pakistan, Himalchal Pradesh amd Jammu and Kashmir and this led to extensive flooding. |
The Somali Jet
The monsoon wind that is deflected to the north as it crosses the equator is further deflected to the east by the mountains of Africa. The progress of the southwest monsoon towards India is greatly aided by the onset of certain jet streams including the crucial Somali jet that transits Kenya, Somalia and Sahel and exits the African coast at 9 degrees north at low level and very fast. J. Findlater, a British meteorologist observed this low level jet stream was found to be most pronounced between 1.0 and 1.5 km above the ground. It was observed to flow from Mauritius and the northern part of the island of Madagascar before reaching the coast of Kenya at about 3º S. Subsequently it ran over the plains of Kenya, Ethiopia and Somalia before reaching the coast again around 9º N. The jet stream appears to be fed by a stream of air, which moves northwards from the Mozambique Channel.
The major part of this low level jet penetrates into East Africa during May and, subsequently, traverses the northern parts of the Arabian Sea before reaching India in June. Observations suggest that the strongest cross equatorial flow from the southern to the northern hemisphere during the Asian Summer Monsoon is in the region of the low level jet. This has intrigued meteorologists, because it is not clear why the major flow of air from the southern to northern hemisphere should take place along a narrow preferred zone off the East African coast. The importance of the low level jet arises from the fact that its path around 9º N coincides with a zone of coastal upwelling. As the strong winds drive away the surface coastal waters towards the east, extremely cold water from the depths of the sea rise upwards to preserve the continuity of mass. This upwelling is brought about by strong low level winds. After the low level jet moves towards the Indian coastline around 9º N, it separates into two branches. One appears to move to the northern parts of the Indian Peninsula while the other recurves towards the southern half of the Indian coastline and Sri Lanka. It is still not clear why the jet separates into two branches. Findlater analysed the wind profile for the months of July and August and found a relationship between the cross-equatorial airflow, between 1.0 and 1.5 km, over Kenya and the rainfall over western India. He opined that an increase in the cross-equatorial flow was followed by an increase in rainfall over the west coast.
The Somali Current
Oceanographers have been interested in yet another phenomenon, which appears to have some relationship with the low level jet stream off the coast of eastern Africa. This ocean current named the Somali Current, flows northward from the equator to 9º N, where it separates from the coast. It is a fairly strong current with a velocity maximum of 2 m m/s, but speeds as large as 3 m m/s have also been observed. The Somali Current may be considered to be a western boundary current of the Indian Ocean. But, its peculiar feature is a reversal in direction with the onset of the summer monsoon. In winter, this current is from north to the south running southwards from the coast of Arabia to the east African coastline; but with the advent of the summer monsoon it reverses its direction and flows from the south to the north. This suggests a relationship with the reversal of monsoon winds, but usually the oceans respond very slowly to changes in atmospheric circulation and oceanographers have wondered why the Somali Current reverses its direction and reaches its maximum speed nearly a month earlier than the onset of southwesterly monsoon winds.
Sub-tropical Westerly and Tropical Jet Streams
Certain interesting changes take place in the upper atmosphere with the advent of the summer monsoon. Towards the end of May, a narrow stream of air, which moves from the west to the east over northern India, suddenly weakens and moves to a new location far to the north of the Himalayas. This is known as sub-tropical westerly jet stream. Its movement towards the north is one of the main features associated with the onset of the monsoon over India. As the westerly jet moves north, yet another jet stream sets in over the southern half of the Indian peninsula. This flows in the reverse direction from the east to west. It is called tropical easterly jet, and it exhibits periodic movements to the north and south of its mean location during the hundred-day monsoon season beginning with the first of June and ending around mid-September.
The altitude at which the winds attain their maximum strength in the tropical easterly jet is around 150 hPa, but the maximum winds associated with the sub-tropical westerly jet occur at a lower altitude of 300 hPa. A remarkable feature of the tropical easterly jet is that it can be traced in the upper troposphere right up to the west coast of Africa. HPa refers to 'hecta Pascal' and is a unit of measure of atmospheric air pressure | <urn:uuid:402f0e56-6950-4051-988d-13692e3301d4> | CC-MAIN-2014-42 | http://geographyias.blogspot.in/2011/04/jet-stream.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-42/segments/1414119649048.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20141024030049-00111-ip-10-16-133-185.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.943059 | 3,269 | 4.375 | 4 |
Last week I had a Twitter discussion with writer and translator Seanán Ó Coistín, who in an opinion piece in The News Letter, a major newspaper in Northern Ireland, claimed that ‘the Irish language is almost a millennium older than English’. It irritated me and I responded, in the less than gentlemanly tone that Twitter from time to time brings out in me: ‘Can we PLEASE stop claiming that language X is older than language Y? Hardly ever makes sense.’
And it doesn’t. Languages, except the artificial ones such as Esperanto and Klingon, simply don’t have an age. The best we can do is distinguish stages and identify some historic and prehistoric milestones.
Old Irish words have been written since the sixth century; Archaic Irish was carved into stone even earlier. Its speakers came to Britain and Ireland some five or more centuries BCE, and Proto-Celtic must have been spoken on the continent even longer ago. And so it goes on, all the way back to Proto-Indo-European, dating to several thousand years BCE.
A similar story can be told about English: first written in the seventh century, after arriving from the continent in the fifth, as an offspring of Proto-Germanic, which is just another descendant of Indo-European. In a word, English and Irish arguably share a common cradle and a common birthday – though we could also argue that they’re both as old as human speech, for Proto-Indo-European wasn’t the first word in language either.
During their long separation, Irish and English have changed beyond all recognition. The earliest writings are incomprehensible to modern speakers. And while it’s true that the Celts arrived in the islands well before the Anglo-Saxons, does that make their language older? It’s not as if either people upon pulling their ships ashore decided to start speaking something new.
All this is a story often told and I’m sorry to be boring you if you’ve heard it before, as I’m sure Seanán has. But then why does he claim Irish is older? He was provoked. The agent provocateur was a Unionist (I always have to remind myself that Unionists are those opposed to the union of the island), one Davy Wight. Two days before, he had claimed in the same newspaper that ‘the very concept of an Irish language is a wholly political construct’ launched in 1943. Now that’s a shrewd debating trick of Davy, because he’s right in a way – but in an irrelevant way. He’s right because the standard language as taught in Irish schools today is indeed a modern artefact, hand-crafted out of the dialects; not quite as recently as 1943, but certainly not longer ago than the late 19th century. At the same time, the statement is also irrelevant: all national languages of Europe have grown out of regional dialects as a result of political developments, some with little state intervention (such as English, German and Italian), most of them with a good deal of it. Irish is a bog-normal language in this respect.
There, that is, to my mind, the correct rebuttal to Davy, and he surely deserves as much rebuttal as his butt can take. To Seanán, on the other hand, whatever he thinks of the above, I’d like to say ‘thank you’ for responding with more civility than I invited.
Update: Seanán has also followed up with a blogpost, The age of the Irish language. We still disagree, but at least we understand why. And he no longer thinks that I’m a conservative Unionist. | <urn:uuid:b39b3121-1ce7-4b6f-b01d-7fd3706dd022> | CC-MAIN-2022-49 | https://languagewriter.com/2017/10/21/irish-between-very-old-language-and-1943-political-construct/?like_comment=8200&_wpnonce=fa02429609 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446710765.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20221130160457-20221130190457-00779.warc.gz | en | 0.969159 | 781 | 2.703125 | 3 |
Flu season is upon us once again. It begins around October and can extend through the winter into early spring. And we all need reminding of how to minimize the chances of our kids (and ourselves) getting sick. It's down to a few basics, such as sanitizing, hand hygiene, eating a balanced diet, getting plenty of sleep and avoiding, as much as possible, contact with sick people. Not to forget that flu shot.
It's easier to manage kids before they begin school and enter a world over which a parent has little or no control. Still, it would be a good idea to check your child's school sickness policy. Here are 10 tips, hacks that will help keep you and your kids healthy all winter long.
10 Flu Vaccination A Must
The Center for Disease Control (CDC) recommends that everyone six-month-old or older get vaccinated against the flu each year. But which is best, the shot or the nasal spray? The American Academy of Pediatricians has said that as far as 2019 is concerned that the nasal spray form of the vaccine is acceptable.
However, before deciding you should talk it over with your child's doctor, as there are some cases when the spray is not recommended. Sure, no kid loves getting a flu shot. But if it helps your child beat the flu, it's worth it.
9 Balanced Diet
A great way to boost your child's immunity is by making certain they eat a balanced diet that includes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean protein, low-fat dairy, and healthy fats. Rich in antioxidants this balanced diet will naturally boost their immune system, making it easier for them to resist coming down with the flu.
Getting a kid to eat right is not an easy thing to do much of the time. So, it's probably a question of doing the very best you can. Sit your child down and explain how antioxidants can help stop their getting sick.
8 Cover Your Mouth And Nose If You Sneeze
A great way of teaching your kids to keep the risk of infection low is to make certain they cover their mouth and nose when they sneeze. The easiest thing is to sneeze into your elbow.
That's the handiest, easiest way of dealing with the issue if you don't have a tissue or handkerchief to hand. If they do use a tissue, then they should throw it away themselves to avoid spreading any germs. We'll come to handwashing shortly. It's important.
7 Plenty Of Sleep Is Key
A balanced diet and plenty of sleep are the foundations for making your child healthy and strong. Sleep allows the body to recover from the stresses and exertions of the day and gives your child's body a chance to repair and rebuild. A rested body is a more productive and capable body and a body with a stronger immune system to fight off disease.
How much sleep is enough? Well, a pre-schooler probably needs around 10 -13 hours of sleep a night and a school-age child around 9 - 12. As we age, our requirements for sleep diminish, with adults needing around 7- 8 hours of sleep a night.
6 Absolutely Positively No Indoor Playgrounds
So, the weather is cold, snowy, rainy, very wintery. Let's head out to a burger joint and turn the kids loose in the playground. Don't do it. It is like sending your children into a germ zone. Every shiny, slick surface is probably full of the germs left behind by other children.
In fact, we might go a bit further and say that doing public, communal things during flu season should be limited. No, you can't wrap them up and keep them at home, but if, for example, you take them shopping, use sanitizing wipes to clean surfaces they touch and their hands.
5 Hands Away From The Face
Let's say your kid picks up a water bottle that has been held by a child with the flu. Or he or she uses the hairbrush of a friend who is coming down with the flu. Guess what? The germs the sick child deposited on the bottle or the brush are now on your child's hands.
So, your kid then scratches his nose, thereby transferring the germs straight into his or her little body. So, it is very important to teach your kids to keep their hands away from their face and to wash or clean their hands often. Don't touch the "T" zone: Eyes, nose, and mouth.
4 Wash Those Little Hands Often And Well
Use an anti-bacterial soap or wash and show your kids how to lather up and rinse thoroughly. Using paper towels to dry is a good idea, as hand towels that get passed around from child to child can harbor germs.
Also, it is a good idea to send kids to school with a pack of anti-bacterial wipes and to teach them to use them regularly during the day. Reinforce the idea that they should keep their hands away from their face to avoid spreading germs and you have gone a long way towards keeping them healthy over the flu season.
3 Skip The Water Fountain
Send your child to school with a bottle of water and impress upon them that drinking from a water fountain at school is like soaking all the germs left behind by the kids who used the fountain before them.
The surfaces of the fountain have been touched by countless children, leaving behind a bonanza of germs. And the spray itself has been touched and licked by germy little mouths. And for gosh sake impress upon them the importance of not sharing things like bottled water or food. And reinforce the lessons you try to teach them at home.
2 Steer Clear Of Sickies
You would think a child would know this. But the younger they are, the less they understand about how germs are spread and why people get sick. If your child is in school then check on the sickness policy and how it is enforced. But, no matter how diligent a school is, it only takes one or two sick kids coming to school, only to be sent home again, for germs to spread rapidly.
Your child should understand that he or she should avoid contact with children who are sick. And reinforce the lesson of not sharing things with other kids, sick or well. All of this is a lot for a kid to take in. So, reinforce the lessons by what you do at home.
1 Sanitize With The Kids
The family that sanitizes together is a family that stands the best chance of avoiding the flu. Again, it is important that you walk your talk by sanitizing communal surfaces at home like tables and sinks on a regular basis.
Go online and find and print out kid-friendly posters that reinforce the messages you are trying to get across and put them up on the fridge or the wall of the bathroom. Get the kids involved in the cleaning. It will make the whole thing more real to them. | <urn:uuid:714b2b38-53ca-4b8a-a6ec-51de5a1182e7> | CC-MAIN-2019-51 | https://www.moms.com/flu-season-hacks-keep-kids-healthy-winter/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-51/segments/1575540488870.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20191206145958-20191206173958-00376.warc.gz | en | 0.966582 | 1,436 | 2.90625 | 3 |
Each solar still can produce about two pints of fresh water a day, and most life rafts on aircraft carry several stills. Each still takes up about the same amount of space as a pint of canned water.
The stills operate most efficiently in direct sunlight but will operate on cloudy days if the overcast is not too thick. They will not operate at night or on very dark days.
The map below shows how much help can be expected from rain in various parts of the world. Rain plus the water from the solar stills usually carried on life rafts will usually yield between 80 and 130 per cent of the requirement for survival in almost all areas commonly traversed by planes and ships.
Desalting kits provide an additional supply to carry castaways through periods of unfavorable weather. The inherent ability of the human body to withstand abuse provides a further safety factor.
In view of the resources now available to the castaway, it seems foolish to recommend that a survivor drink sea water. In most emergencies, he will drink some accidentally, and a certain amount of dried salt is also taken in. This unintentional salt would, in most cases, nullify the meager benefit that might be gained from drinking sea water. The drinking of sea water, then, is just another of the recurrent fables that should be given a quiet burial. Man is no more able to drink sea water than Coleridge’s Ancient Mariner. | <urn:uuid:488ea4ab-120a-4925-ad98-c608dbb91efa> | CC-MAIN-2019-30 | http://naturalhistorymagazine.com/picks-from-the-past/181950/thirst?page=6 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-30/segments/1563195527000.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20190721123414-20190721145414-00233.warc.gz | en | 0.95124 | 291 | 3.015625 | 3 |
This student essay consists of approximately 4 pages of analysis of rites of passage conducted within the african massai tribe summary: the massai is home to a series of different rites of passage the ceremonies are named differently according to the tribal tongue but usually represent the same. The main purpose with the study is to look at how the land loss has affected the maasai and their livelihoods the essay is the maasai, an indigenous tribe in. Ceremonies are an expression of maasai culture and self-determination every ceremony is a new life they are rites of passage, and. Free college essay the maasai the maasai the maasai are one of the many southern-most tribes located in kenya they are physically related, and also.
The maasai essaysgeographical save your essays here so you can locate who are totally responsible for protecting the tribe from rivals and other dangers. Learn about the maasai tribe of kenya a pastoral tribe famous for their authentic culture they have defied modern culture to retain their traditional way of life. Free essay: the maasai are one of the many southern-most tribes located in kenya they are physically related, and also in many other forms related to the.
Types of art maasai are best known for their beautiful beadwork which plays an essential element in the ornamentation of the body beading patterns are determined by each age-set and identify grades. These are maasai tribesmen (and girls) from the amboseli area of southern kenya performing a dance the rhythmic motion that they perform is surprisingly dif. Essay writing guide maasai culture- power, authority and influence introduction a culture resides in the the maasai tribe are east african nomadic people.
We work with the maasai community to create and the maasai were the dominating tribe at this is exactly what maasai wilderness conservation. More essay examples on tribalism rubric dominating the eastern plains of africa is the maasai tribe or much commonly known as herders and warriors. Maasai girls are taught that circumcision is a rite of passage into womanhood that accompanies puberty and an immediate precursor to the life of a maasai woman.
This research paper the maasai cultural breakdown paper and other 64,000+ term papers, college essay examples and free essays are the maasai tribe live in the. The emuratare ceremony is a life-changing milestone for maasai boys and girls video: maasai coming of age ceremony the maasai are not the only tribe in. The maasai people are a semi-nomadic indigenous group of africa, whose living region ranges from southern kenya to northern tanzania the maasai people do.
Maasai history and culture and its relevance to conservation who are the maasai where did they come from what is their modern conservation role. Footnotes/endnotes and bibliography works cited countries and their cultures the maasai tribe : maasai history and culture : kenya travel guide. The maasai people of east africa live in southern kenya and northern tanzania along the great rift valley on semi-arid and arid lands. Open document below is an essay on education in masai tribe from anti essays, your source for research papers, essays, and term paper examples.
The maasai tribe essay - the maasai are one of the many southern-most tribes located in kenya they are physically related, and also in many other. Evolution and its survival mechanisms maasai tribe name institution date the maasai introduction from the beginning, essay writing help. Maasai culture - power, authority and influence power, authority and influence essay sample the maasai tribe are east african nomadic people inhabiting. | <urn:uuid:f53c617d-7e64-4758-822c-95c66fd1d04a> | CC-MAIN-2018-43 | http://sbcourseworkkoco.afterschoolprofessional.info/the-maasai-tribe-essay.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-43/segments/1539583512268.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20181019020142-20181019041642-00534.warc.gz | en | 0.94445 | 793 | 3.203125 | 3 |
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Gene that regulates hair growth identified
15 April 2010
Activation of the gene Lhx2 leads to increased hair growth. This is shown by Leif Carlsson’s research team at Umeå University in Sweden in an article in the latest Web edition of the respected scientific journal PLoS Genetics. The findings partly refute earlier research results in the field.
Hair is important for temperature regulation, physical protection, sensory activity, seasonal camouflage, and social interactions. Hair is formed in hair follicles, which are complex mini-organs in the skin that are specialized for this purpose. All hair follicles are formed during fetal development, then new hair is generated in the hair follicle by continually undergoing phases of recession, rest, and growth throughout life. The length of the hair is determined by the duration of the growth phase; for example, the growth phase for scalp hair can proceed for a number of years, while the growth phase for eyebrows last a few months.
After the growth phase, hair formation ceases, and the follicle recedes and enters a period of rest. After a period of rest, a new growth period starts, and the old hair is ejected and lost from the body. The reason for this complex regulation of hair growth is not understood, but it has been suggested that it makes it possible to adjust hair growth to the season.
In the present study Leif Carlsson’s research team identifies the transcription factor Lhx2 as an important regulator of hair formation. The Lhx2 gene is active during the hair follicle’s growth phase and is turned off during the resting period. The scientists have been able to show that Lhx2 is functionally involved in the formation of hair, as hair follicles in which Lhx2 has been inactivated cannot produce hair. Moreover, the activation of the Lhx2 gene in hair follicles has been shown to activate the growth phase and hence the formation of hair. Thus, Lhx2 is a gene that is important for the regulation of hair growth.
In stark contrast to previously published research findings from other teams of scientists, Leif Carlsson and his colleagues found that Lhx2 is primarily expressed outside the so-called bulge region of the hair follicle, where the follicle’s stem cells are found. The Umeå researchers have also shown that Lhx2 is necessary for the hair follicle’s growth (anagen) phase to proceed and for the hair follicle’s structuring. Moreover, transgenic expression of Lhx2 after birth is sufficient to activate the growth phase and stimulate hair growth.
These findings allow for an alternative interpretation of the function of Lhx2 in hair follicles compared with previous results. Lhx2 is expressed periodically, primarily in precursor cells that are distinct from the cells in the bulging region of the follicles. It is a factor that is necessary for hair to be formed and to grow. | <urn:uuid:d7ea0b78-6efa-4e72-b766-11583590eaf4> | CC-MAIN-2013-48 | http://www.alphagalileo.org/ViewItem.aspx?ItemId=73352&CultureCode=en | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-48/segments/1386164014217/warc/CC-MAIN-20131204133334-00033-ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.952345 | 618 | 3.484375 | 3 |
Coping with emergencies, doomsday scenarios and when the s**t hits the fan
‘In Case of Emergencies’ exhibition: The human brain codes risk in five categories – won’t happen, unlikely, 50-50, likely and will happen
Grace Darcy from Clane, Co Kildare, interacting with the ‘Doomsday Clock’ exhibit at the opening of ‘In Case of Emergency’, the new free exhibition at Science Gallery at Trinity College Dublin. Photograph: Mark Stedman
Mediator Aleksandra Amaladass interacting with the ‘The Antibiotic Resistance Quilt’ exhibit by British artist Anna Dumitriu. Photograph: Mark Stedman
Mediators Grace Darcy, right, and Rachel Tovin interacting with the ‘Can you Predict Disaster?’ exhibit. Photograph: Mark Stedman
British artist Jenny Lee interacting with her installation, the ‘Future Miners, Living Systems, Material Resources, Sustainability’, which highlights how the Earth’s resources are finite and current mining methods are not sustainable. Photograph: Mark Stedman
We are poorly equipped for making decisions about catastrophes, argues Pete Lunn, from the Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI).
“It’s only a slight exaggeration to say that the human brain codes risk in about five categories – won’t happen, unlikely, fifty-fifty, likely and will happen,” Lunn believes.
The arising issues in such scenarios feature in a new exhibition at the Science Gallery in Dublin, which takes a light-hearted yet reflective look at how to cope with catastrophes or disasters should they occur.
In Case of Emergency, offers visitors opportunities to play disaster board games; visit a survivalist bar, consider a post-apocalyptic world and learn survival skills on a deserted island.
In a catalogue essay, Lunn contends we are poorly equipped for making decisions about unlikely but massive catastrophes – whether that’s a tsunami; an earthquake, a nuclear attack or a political crisis.
In Case of Emergency asks its audiences to go into a darkened “situation room”, built on site in the Science Gallery, and consider their options if they found themselves in a place where disaster strikes. Visitors can also volunteer to give their best guesses about the likelihood of catastrophes from viruses gone wild to asteroids hitting earth for an ESRI survey.
But, just in case you think it is all fun and games, Cliona O’Farrelly, professor of comparative immunology at Trinity College Dublin, argues the human species will die out because of its inability to reproduce biologically. “Numbers and quality of human sperm have been falling steadily for over 40 years. Workplace stress, sleeplessness, obesity, social media . . . are all thought to contribute. And, ongoing chemical pollution of water, air, soil and our food chain is having unmeasured effects on human physiology, immunology, endocrinology and reproduction,” she says.
O’Farrelly’s doomsday scenario is that humans will probably just peter out as a species, leaving the planet to bats, cockroaches, microbes and other species who manage their existence better.
Visiting the exhibition the day before it opened, The Irish Times witnessed the edgy creative energy of artists putting the final touches to their creations. Byron Rich, Canadian artist and professor of electronic art and intermedia at Allegheny College, Pennsylvania, has created a post-apocalyptic exhibit in which human microbiota could be stored and sent up into space in a satellite.
“The hypothesis of panspermia suggests that all life spreads on asteroids, comets or artificially so this golden egg capsule [with freeze dried human microbiota] is designed to sit within a spherical aluminium satellite which will degrade in 5,000 years to start human life again,” he explains.
Artist, Siobhán McGibbon and writer, Maeve O’Lynn have created an interactive 3D survival guide called the Almanac of Tomorrow in collaboration with Curam Centre for Research in Medical Devices at NUI Galway. “We’ve created a small science fiction universe which looks at the superior biological qualities of aquatic basal animals. Their ability to live in communities, only accept their own kind and change sex if there are too many males or females offers us a metaphor for future human life on this planet.”
‘In Case of Emergency’ runs at TCD Science Gallery, on Pearse Street, Dublin 2, until February 4th, 2018. A programme of talks and workshops coincide with the exhibition. See Dublin.sciencegallery.com | <urn:uuid:9cd2489f-859c-4bc1-bc1c-d23de7f897a9> | CC-MAIN-2019-26 | https://www.irishtimes.com/news/science/coping-with-emergencies-doomsday-scenarios-and-when-the-s-t-hits-the-fan-1.3307124 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560628000175.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20190626053719-20190626075719-00060.warc.gz | en | 0.913138 | 979 | 2.59375 | 3 |
Human development is a process of change, adaptation and growth. Throughout this process, transitional events mark important points in time when one's life course is significantly altered. This study captures transitional life events brought about or altered by Friedreich ataxia, a progressive chronic illness leading to disability, and the impact of these events on an affected individual's life course.
Forty-two adults with Friedreich ataxia (18-65y) were interviewed regarding their perceptions of transitional life events. Data from the interviews were coded and analyzed thematically using an iterative process.
Identified transitions were either a direct outcome of Friedreich ataxia, or a developmental event altered by having the condition. Specifically, an awareness of symptoms, fear of falling and changes in mobility status were the most salient themes from the experience of living with Friedreich ataxia. Developmental events primarily influenced by the condition were one's relationships and life's work.
Friedreich ataxia increased the complexity and magnitude of transitional events for study participants. Transitional events commonly represented significant loss and presented challenges to self-esteem and identity. Findings from this study help alert professionals of potentially challenging times in patients' lives, which are influenced by chronic illness or disability. Implications for developmental counseling approaches are suggested for genetic counseling.
Human development can be described in terms of key transitional events, or significant times of change. Transitional events initiate shifts in the meaning or direction of life and require the individual to develop skills or utilize coping strategies to adapt to a novel situation [1,2]. A successful transition has been defined as the development of a sense of mastery over the changed event .
Transitions can be influenced by a variety of factors including one's stage of development, such as graduation from high school, historical events, including war, and idiosyncratic factors, such as health status [4,5]. Of particular interest in the present study are transitional life events, brought about or altered by progressive chronic illness and disability, and the impact of these events on the lives of affected individuals.
It has been recognized that the clinical characteristics of a chronic illness or disability may alter the course and timing of many developmentally-related transitional events . For example, conditions associated with a shortened lifespan may cause an individual to pursue a career with a shorter course of training . Specific medical manifestations may also promote a lifestyle incongruent with developmental needs [6,7]. For example, an adolescent with a disability may have difficulty achieving autonomy because of his/her physical dependence on others.
In addition to the aforementioned effects of chronic illness and disability on developmentally-related transitional events, a growing body of literature has described disease-related transitional events: those changes that are a direct result of chronic illness and disability. Diagnosis has received attention as being a key disease-related transitional event [8,9]. Studies have also noted other disease transitions related to illness trajectory , as the clinical features of the disease may require the individual to make specific adaptations. Disease-related events have also been described in terms of accompanying psychological processes, such as one's awareness of differences brought about by illness .
While disease-related events are seemingly significant, the patient's perception of the events is varied. Some events may be perceived as positive experiences for the individual. For example, a diagnosis may end years of uncertainty. Some individuals may perceive these transitional events as insignificant, as they have accommodated to the continual change brought about by a chronic disease [12,13].
The aforementioned impact of disability and chronic illness on transitional events may create psychological stress. Developed by Lazarus and Folkman, the Transitional Model of Stress and Coping describes the process of adaptation to a health condition . This model purports that individuals first appraise a stressor and then utilize a variety of coping strategies in order to meet the stressor's demands . Thus, in the context of chronic illness, the ability of the individual to cope successfully with the stress of a health threat contributes to the process of overall adaptation to the condition.
The process of adaptation can be more complex when the chronic illness or disability is progressive. Each transition brought about or altered by the disability may also represent additional loss, including the loss of future plans, freedom in social life and the ability to participate in hobbies . These losses may be accompanied by grief, uncertainty, and a continual need for adaptation [16,17].
Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) is one example of a progressive disorder, leading to adolescent and adult onset disability. To better understand patients' perceptions of key transitional events and the factors perceived to facilitate progression through these events, individuals with FRDA were interviewed.
FRDA is a rare, progressive, neurodegenerative disorder affecting approximately one in 30,000 people in the United States . It equally affects both men and women. Individuals with FRDA experience progressive muscle weakness and loss of coordination in the arms and legs. For most patients, ataxia leads to motor incapacitation and full-time use of a wheelchair, commonly by the late teens or early twenties. Other complications such as vision and hearing impairment, dysarthria, scoliosis, diabetes mellitus and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy may occur [19,20]. Cardiomyopathy and respiratory difficulties often lead to premature death at an average age of 37 years . Currently, there are no treatments or cures for FRDA. Little is known about the specific psychological or psychosocial effects of the condition.
FRDA is an autosomal recessive condition. The typical molecular basis of Friedreich ataxia is the expansion of a GAA trinucleotide repeat in both copies of the FXN gene . Age of onset usually occurs in late childhood or early adolescence. However, the availability of genetic testing has identified affected individuals with an adult form of the condition. This late-onset form is thought to represent approximately 10-15% of the total FRDA population .
Health care providers of individuals with progressive, neurodegenerative disorders can help facilitate their patients' progression through transitional events. Data suggest that improvements should be made in the care of these individuals. Shaw et al. found that individualized care that helps to prepare patients for transition is beneficial. Beisecker et al. found that patients desire not only physical care from their providers, but also emotional and psychosocial support.
Genetic counselors have an important opportunity to help patients with neuromuscular disorders progress through transitional events, as several of these conditions have a genetic etiology. Genetic counselors in pediatric and adult settings often develop long-term relationships with patients, due to follow-up care. This extended relationship is becoming increasingly common as genetic counselors move into various medical sub-specialties, such as neurology, ophthalmology, oncology and cardiology.
The role of the genetic counselor in addressing the psychosocial needs of patients has been advocated, but rarely framed in the context of developmental events . Data suggest that patients may not expect a genetic counselor to address psychosocial needs . In a survey of genetic counseling patients, Wertz found a majority of respondents understood genetic conditions to have a moderate to serious effect on family life and finances, while almost half perceived there to be an effect on the spouse, quality of life, and the relationship between home and work. However, these topics were reportedly not discussed within genetic counseling sessions [27,28]. Overall, there is limited information about the experiences of transitional life events in FRDA, as well as a lack of recommendations for genetic counselors and other health care providers to assist patients through these events.
Our study investigated perceptions of patients with Friedreich ataxia to 1) identify key transitional events and specific needs associated with events; 2) describe perception of factors to facilitate progression through the identified events; and 3) explore the actual or potential role of the health care provider in facilitating adaptation to the identified events. Data were used to make suggestions for developmental genetic counseling approaches in the context of ongoing care of clients with hereditary, progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. | <urn:uuid:8d600f2e-550b-4de9-8057-1fc67ba2292d> | CC-MAIN-2016-26 | http://pubmedcentralcanada.ca/pmcc/solr/mlt?mltid=12010&idtype=acc&term=jtitle_s%3A(%22Arthritis+Res%22)&pageSize=25 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-26/segments/1466783397562.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20160624154957-00027-ip-10-164-35-72.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.948562 | 1,644 | 2.71875 | 3 |
Digital forensics activities are essential in the cyber security industry. Understanding the basics of these processes can help you to protect your corporate data and to ensure the most effective investigations into unwanted intrusions and data breaches. Here are some of the most important elements of digital forensics.
Following the Digital Trail
The field of computer forensics depends on the trail of digital evidence left behind when data is created, saved and accessed in a desktop, laptop or mobile computing device. Forensics specialists can find the telltale traces of activities that range from simply plugging in a flash drive to large-scale downloading and misappropriation of data. The evidence collected can then be used to track down the guilty parties and to stop them from causing additional problems in the future. These experts can also identify malware and can sometimes detect the source of these unwanted programs to help you stop cyber threats in their tracks.
Securing the Evidence
One of the first steps taken during cyber security investigations is to obtain physical custody of laptops, mobile devices and computers. This is necessary to prevent the loss or removal of evidence from these devices. By acting quickly to preserve the integrity of this equipment, your investigative team can ensure the most accurate and actionable intelligence for you and your company.
Investigating Inside Threats
In some cases, your staff members could be responsible for serious issues inside your organization. This can occur through negligence, ignorance of proper procedures or due to deliberate actions by disgruntled employees. Even if browser histories and emails have been deleted by the guilty parties, your investigators can often find the evidence needed to hold them responsible for the damage done to your company and its reputation. Enlisting the help of a company that specializes in digital forensics can be the most effective and practical solution for finding inside threats and resolving issues involving members of your own company.
Considering the Human Element
Along with the careful recovery of data and information and the preserving of these materials for evidence, your computer forensics team will also look at the individuals involved in the case. By taking personal characteristics, habits and lifestyles into account, your investigators can often determine the most effective strategies when addressing cyber security problems within your organization.
The experts at Beyond IT have the experience and the in-depth knowledge needed to help you protect your data against unwanted access. We can also investigate unauthorized access to your company’s networks, servers and proprietary data and can provide you with the actionable evidence needed to pursue your case both in and out of court. Call us today at 713-586-1846 to schedule a consultation. We look forward to the digital forensics services you need. | <urn:uuid:377fc5cd-2c0c-4cbf-9180-cd4d59b2a96e> | CC-MAIN-2019-22 | https://forensicbit.com/indepth-overview-digital-forensics/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-22/segments/1558232258620.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20190526004917-20190526030917-00423.warc.gz | en | 0.938944 | 528 | 2.546875 | 3 |
When older adults experience medical complications, an additional side effect is decreased independence. Older adults are often taken to caregiving facilities, where they depend on external aid and support. Even when they continue to live in their homes, frequent medical visits can become disruptive and overturn their daily lives.
Luckily, digital healthcare solutions are paving the way for increased independence among the elderly. New technologies assess and monitor health from the comfort of the home, allowing people to continue caring for themselves, maintain their day-to-day hobbies, and live in the home of their choice.
Here are some of the ways digital solutions bolster the independence of older adults:
Supporting hobbies and daily routines
Remote care technologies enable older adults to live without disruption, whether they want to go on a walk, take care of the garden, or host family members for visits. Because a decline in memory is one of the most common concerns among the elderly -and one of the biggest factors leading to decreased independence- healthcare technologies are emerging that specifically target cognitive health.
MyndYou, for example, connects older adults with remote therapists and uses machine learning and artificial intelligence to monitor their cognitive and behavioral functioning, both within and between sessions. This reduces the need to drive to in-person therapy appointments while helping prevent a decline in cognition and preserve routine independence. As a result, older adults are able to continue their daily routines uninterrupted without compromising on their cognitive health.
Aiding with reminders
Other technologies address the concern of cognitive decline by providing reminders–particularly when it comes to medication. Some, like Medisafe Medication Reminder, take the form of smartphone apps. The easy-to-use app helps the elderly by tracking prescriptions and reminding people when they need to refill.
Another technology, MedMinder, is a smart pill dispenser that sends out digital reminders using a series of lights and beeps. The device can even be used to make phone calls and issue medical alerts in the event of an emergency.
Together, these tools and others ensure that the elderly are adequately addressing their medical needs–all from the home environment.
Making homes safer and smarter
Other technologies help older adults by letting them remain longer in the home of their choice. Home disaster prevention technologies help older adults stay safe from physical accidents.
One such technology is Inirv React, which automatically turns off stoves when not in use. The Kickstarter project, which is still in its beta stage, keeps people safe by letting them control the stove from their smartphones and by reacting to levels of smoke, natural gas, and motion in the kitchen.
An even more ambitious project, called the Aware Home, is equipped with various sensors and data analytics tools to monitor the physical health of the resident. Developed by researchers at Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, the 5,000 square foot home includes a smart hallway that uses gait-sensing technology to analyze residents’ walking patterns. By indicating the steadiness of a person’s walk or changes in his or her walking patterns, the smart hallway can determine whether that person might need medical attention and alert family members and caregivers accordingly.
Companionship is an important part of the mental health and wellbeing of older adults. New technologies provide home companions and assistants in the form of advanced robots.
Support robots are increasingly popular in Japan, where more than 28% of the population is 65 and over. These robots are helping seniors stay happy, active, and social, enabling them to lead less solitary lives and boosting their mental health as a result.
The Care-o-bot, which has already been installed in several German assisted living facilities, brings the elderly food and drinks from the kitchen and engages them in memory games to keep their minds sharp. The smart robot moves around independently, helps the elderly with chores around the house, and even makes sure they drink enough water each day.
Another companion robot is BUDDY, which provides social interaction and assistance. The robot detects unusual activity, such as falls, provides reminders about medications and upcoming events, eases loneliness with regular communication, and even connects residents with communication technology such as Skype or Facetime.
Keeping family members in the loop
IoT technologies that target health–such as fitness tracking devices–also help older adults safely go about their daily activities by keeping family members informed.
Devices like FitBit can be connected to family members’ smartphones, enabling children, grandchildren, or caregivers to monitor older adults’ health without interrupting their day-to-day lives. This way, older adults can continue to go about their hobbies while passively keeping family members aware and engaged.
At the end of the day, these technologies are about enabling independence by making life easier–all while bringing peace of mind to family members and caregivers. | <urn:uuid:9df7f7a6-6bdd-47c4-bd34-41c1ea3b0c9c> | CC-MAIN-2020-16 | https://www.medicalopedia.org/8169/how-digital-healthcare-solutions-can-help-older-adults-stay-independent/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585370497309.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20200330212722-20200331002722-00264.warc.gz | en | 0.94976 | 971 | 2.609375 | 3 |
The term conscription has an unpleasant connotation to Americans who prefer the word draft whenever they speak of compulsory military enrollment. Temporary, selective drafts have played a periodic and often substantial part in obtaining America's wartime armies.
The draft has been characterized by two traditions in America. One is that it has often contributed, along with voluntarism, to raising forces of short-term citizen-soldiers in time of international tension and war. (In contrast, the regular standing army is composed of longterm volunteers.) The other tradition has been an ongoing opposition to conscription by pacifists, libertarians, and opponents of particular wars. This is not surprising in a pluralistic society that emphasizes individual liberty and religious freedom.
The English colonists brought to America the county militia system of universal short-term military training and service under local officers. In the eighteenth century, however, most colonies turned for their expeditionary forces to ad hoc units, composed of volunteers and an occasional draftee or a legally hired substitute. In the French and Indian War, Massachusetts's provincial units were more than 90 percent volunteers, primarily young men in their late teens or early twenties who enlisted, as do most wartime volunteers, for a combination of economic, religious, or patriotic reasons, or because of social pressure or a desire for adventure.
In the American Revolution, the new state governments assumed the colonies' authority to draft men, through county militia officers, for their short-term militias. They extended it to the long-term state units of the Continental Army, but they denied Gen. George Washington's request that the central government be empowered to conscript. As the initial volunteering subsided, most states boosted enlistment bounties and held an occasional draft, producing more hired substitutes than actual draftees. Although some dissenters suffered, several states recognized Quaker and other religious conscientious objectors. In contrast to the largely middle-class, short-term militia, the long-term volunteers and substitutes of the Continental Army were mainly poor youths, white and black, who were indentured servants, laborers, unemployed drifters, recent immigrants, or the sons of marginal farmers.
The Constitution adopted in 1789 gave Congress the "power to raise and support armies," but it neither mentioned nor prohibited conscription. The Framers left that issue to the future, although most of them believed that the United States like Britain would enlist its men rather than conscript them, and would pay for its armies through the power to tax.
Since threats to the country's national security in the nineteenth century were generally limited or sporadic, Americans built a two-army tradition. The small Regular Army, a peacetime constabulary and wartime cadre, was obtained exclusively by voluntary enlistment. The wartime armies of citizen-soldiers, from the Indian wars of the 1790s through the Spanish-American War of 1898, were composed primarily of ad hoc wartime units of volunteers, locally raised and led but federally financed and directed. Units of the so-called U.S. Volunteers were distinct from the U.S. Army and the militia, later called the National Guard.
Although some states drafted men during the War of 1812, James Madison's administration was unable to enact national conscription (which Daniel Webster, a Federalist opponent, denounced as an attempt at "Napoleonic despotism"), and it was not until the Civil War that the need to sustain massive armies brought a taste of national conscription to America. With a smaller population to draw upon, the Confederacy adopted the draft in 1862, eventually applying it to white males seventeen to fifty years of age. In all, 21 percent of the 1 million Confederate soldiers were conscripts. But by violating individual liberty and states' rights and by including unpopular class-bound occupational exemptions such as for overseers on large plantations, the Confederate conscription act engendered much discontent and considerable resistance.
In the North, following some state drafts in 1862, Congress adopted a selective conscription law in 1863 applicable to males twenty to forty-five. Avoiding unpopular occupational exemptions, the lawmakers authorized draftees to escape personal service by hiring a substitute or paying the government a commutation fee of three hundred dollars, which, although equal to a worker's annual wages, was less than the current price of substitutes. Peace Democrats claimed it was a "rich man's war but poor man's fight," and when military provost marshals began conscripting, thousands evaded or actively resisted the draft. Bloody draft riots then erupted in New York City.
Northern authorities also increased enlistment bounties and actively recruited immigrants and southern blacks (ultimately, 25 and 10 percent, respectively, of the Union army). In 1864 Congress did away with commutation, but allowed drafted religious pacifists to provide alternative service or contribute to a hospital fund. Four federal drafts produced only 46,000 conscripts and 118,000 substitutes (2 and 6 percent, respectively, of the 2.1 million Union troops). The draft was credited, however, with prodding volunteers and, equally as important, with encouraging the reenlistment of battle-trained veterans.
Not until World War I did the United States rely primarily upon conscription. The Selective Service Act of 1917 was adopted in large part because a civilian-led "preparedness" movement had persuaded many Americans that a selective national draft was the most equitable and efficient way for an industrial society to raise a wartime army. Woodrow Wilson overcame considerable opposition, particularly from agrarian isolationists in the South and West and ethnic and ideological opponents of the war in the North, to obtain the temporary wartime draft.
The 1917 draft law prohibited enlistment bounties and personal substitution, but did authorize deferments on the grounds of dependency or essential work in industry or agriculture. It allowed religious conscientious objectors (COs) to choose noncombatant service within the military. The law was implemented through a Selective Service System, composed of a national headquarters—commanded by a major general—and some four thousand local draft boards staffed by civilian volunteers who decided on the induction or deferment of particular individuals within overall national guidelines.
In 1917 and 1918, Selective Service registered and classified 23.9 million men, eighteen to forty-five, and drafted 2.8 million of them. In all, 72 percent of the wartime army of 3.5 million troops was raised through conscription.
There was no repetition of the Civil War draft riots. Aside from a few violent episodes and a number of antidraft demonstrations, opposition was expressed mainly through criticism and evasion. Between 2 and 3 million men apparently never registered, and 338,000 (12 percent of those drafted) failed to report when called or deserted after arrival at training camp. In addition, 64,700 registrants sought CO status. Of the 20,900 COs drafted into the army, 4,000 refused to participate in any military role, and 450 "absolutists" were sent to prison. In 1918, the U.S. Supreme Court unanimously held that national conscription was constitutional.
In World War II, the fall of France in 1940 led Congress to adopt the nation's first prewar conscription act as a result of a campaign headed by old preparedness leaders. The draft was to run through 1945, but because of intense opposition from pacifists, isolationists, and others, the draftees (aged twenty-one to thirty-five) were obligated to serve only one year, and service was restricted to the Western Hemisphere and U.S. territories. In August 1941, however, Congress, by a one-vote margin (203-202) in the House, voted to keep the one-year draftees in the Army beyond their term. After Pearl Harbor, the lawmakers removed all remaining restrictions and extended the draft to men aged eighteen to thirty-eight (and briefly to forty-five) for the duration. Approximately 10 million men were drafted through the Selective Service System, and nearly 6 million enlisted, primarily in the U.S. Navy and Army Air Corps.
There was some discontent. Some 72,000 registrants applied for CO status, of whom 25,000 entered the army in noncombatant service, another 12,000 went to civilian work camps, and 20,000 had their claims rejected. Ultimately, 6,000, the majority of them Jehovah's Witnesses, were imprisoned. Some antidraft incidents in Chicago and other cities stemmed from protest by African-Americans against discrimination and segregation in the armed forces. Draft evasion did not disappear. The Justice Department investigated 373,000 alleged evaders and obtained convictions of 16,000.
The draft did not end with World War II. Except for a brief hiatus between 1947 and 1948, it helped maintain throughout the cold war a sizable number of men in the armed forces (a mix of volunteers, conscripts, and draft-induced volunteers). During the Korean War, 1.5 million men, eighteen to twenty-five, were drafted; another 1.3 million volunteered, primarily for the navy and air force. Discontent led to an increase in COs (the percentage of inductees exempted as COs grew to nearly 1.5 percent, compared to .15 in each world war). Some 80,000 draft evasion cases were investigated.
Conscription became one of the many casualties of the Vietnam War. After President Lyndon B. Johnson committed American ground troops in 1965, draft calls soared from 100,000 in 1964 to 400,000 in 1966, enabling U.S. forces there to climb from 23,000 military advisers in 1964 to 543,000 troops by 1968.
Although draftees were only a small minority (16 percent) in the American armed forces, they made up the bulk of the infantry riflemen in Vietnam (88 percent by 1969) and accounted for more than half the army's battle deaths. Because of student and other deferments, the draft and the casualties fell disproportionately upon working-class youths, black and white. African-Americans, 11 percent of the U.S. population, accounted for 16 percent of the army's casualties in Vietnam in 1967 (15 percent for the entire war).
Opposition mounted along with the rising draft calls and casualty rates. Supported by an antiwar coalition of students, pacifists, clergy, civil rights and feminist organizations, and many other liberal and radical groups, a draft resistance movement grew in strength. It generated demonstrations, draft-card burnings, sit-ins at induction centers, and break-ins and destruction of records at a dozen local draft boards.
Between 1965 and 1975, faced with well over 100,000 apparent draft offenders, the federal government indicted 22,500 persons, of whom 8,800 were convicted and 4,000 imprisoned. As the Supreme Court expanded the criteria from religious to moral or ethical objections, CO exemptions grew in relation to actual inductions from 8 percent in 1967 to 43 percent in 1971 and 131 percent in 1972. Between 1965 and 1970, 170,000 registrants were classified as COs.
The most common form of draft "protest" was evasion. Of the 26.8 million young men who reached draft age between 1964 and 1973, 16 million (60 percent) did not serve in the military. Of those who avoided service, 15.4 million received legal exemptions or deferments, and perhaps 570,000 evaded the draft illegally. Among illegal draft evaders 360,000 were never caught, another 198,000 had their cases dismissed, 9,000 were convicted, and 4,000 sent to prison. In addition, an estimated 30,000 to 50,000 fled into exile, mainly to Canada, Britain, and Sweden.
With the draft so controversial, Congress came under increased pressure either to reform it or to eliminate it. Supported by many conservatives, Gen. Lewis B. Hershey, the director of Selective Service since 1941, blocked any changes until 1969, including the 1967 recommendations for equity and national uniformity from a presidential commission headed by former assistant attorney general Burke Marshall. President Richard M. Nixon, after criticizing the draft in his 1968 campaign, ended new occupational and dependency deferments, instituted an annual draft lottery among eighteen-year-olds (beginning in December 1969), removed General Hershey, and appointed a commission, headed by former secretary of defense Thomas Gates, which in 1970 recommended an All-Volunteer Armed Force (avf) with a stand-by draft for emergency use.
Nixon reduced draft calls while gradually withdrawing U.S. troops, but his dispatch of American units across the border into Cambodia in 1970 led to massive public protests. Only reluctantly did Congress in 1971 extend the draft for two more years. The lawmakers also eliminated student deferments and voted a massive ($2.4 billion) pay increase for the lower ranks in order to achieve an avf by mid-1973. During the 1972 election campaign, Nixon cut draft calls to 50,000 and stopped forcing draftees to go to Vietnam. On January 27, 1973, the day a cease-fire was announced, the administration stopped drafting, six months before induction authority expired on July 1, 1973.
Compulsory draft registration, which President Gerald Ford suspended in 1975, was resumed in 1980 by President Jimmy Carter in reaction to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. President Ronald Reagan extended it in 1982 and prosecuted a few of those who refused to register (estimated at 500,000 between 1980 and 1984).
Although it retained considerable support, the avf of 2.1 million (including 775,000 in the army) remained controversial. It came under criticism for drawing disproportionately from lower socioeconomic groups, particularly nonwhites. There were also concerns about the comparatively high financial cost of the All-Volunteer Force.
John Whiteclay Chambers II, To Raise an Army: The Draft Comes to Modern America (1987); George Q. Flynn, Conscription and American Culture, 1940-1973 (1992); Stephen M. Kohn, Jailed for Peace: The History of American Draft Law Violations, 1658-1985 (1986).
See also Armed Forces; Conscientious Objection; Draft Riots; and entries for individual wars. | <urn:uuid:d1790bfb-f653-4752-b49e-4f47e23a6131> | CC-MAIN-2017-26 | http://web.archive.org/web/20030414004605/http:/college.hmco.com/history/readerscomp/rcah/html/ah_019500_conscription.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320395.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20170625032210-20170625052210-00100.warc.gz | en | 0.958781 | 2,896 | 4.03125 | 4 |
I can’t believe there’s already a follow up to the last two weeks (Spotlight: Migratory birds; Do you hear what they hear?), but the latest SCB publication provided a unique view on sound and light pollution that I just couldn’t pass.
An evolutionary development to maximize reproductive success has led many reef species to synchronize spawning during certain periods or even a single night of the year. These cues often include cycles of the moon and tides, which signal the perfect opportunity to produce the next generation of fish and invertebrates.
Unfortunately, these celestial indicators are being usurped by artificial lighting around the world. In a new study, A global inventory of coral reef stressors based on satellite observed nighttime lights, researchers have found that spawning and migrating behaviors of reef inhabitants are accidentally triggered by coastal city lights, offshore gas and oil platforms, and fishing boats with high intensity lights. Now, with the flick of a switch we are altering critical lifecycle events that had once been dependent upon light intensity from the sun and moon and were optimized over many eras. Additionally, we are not just affecting highly publicized species such as sea turtles and migratory birds, but an entire ecosystem collectively known as the rainforest of the sea.
And what about sound you ask? Well to compound the mounting problem of manmade sounds spreading across our oceans from shipping and offshore drilling activities is ocean acidity (Do you hear what they hear?). Essentially the more carbon dioxide we generate, the more carbon dioxide that is absorbed and dissolved in our oceans. Thus, ocean water becomes more acidic. In 2008, the Geophysical Research Letters published a paper that indicates acidic oceans can amplify underwater sounds and allow them to travel 70% further and hence interfere with the natural acoustics of marine life.
Day or night, when I walk outside it is not nature I hear, but an ever expanding urban environment filled with the sounds of traffic. It is no wonder that researchers are documenting a shift in the way wildlife communicate. Birds are changing their songs, adopting human noises, increasing the volume of vocalization, switching from daytime to nighttime singing, and choosing new frequencies to cope with a humanized planet. Additionally, some species have abandoned habitats heavily polluted by manmade noise in favor of lower productive areas that are simply quieter.
In a loud environment populated with low frequency noise (i.e. traffic), animals are being forced to choose between three doors: Adapt, migrate, or die. Personally, this scenario is not one that I had expected to be encountered based on mere sounds. But when a species that uses low frequency is unable to switch to a higher one, there is little option for them, especially in a time when open spaces are difficult to come by.
When I step outside at night I see a pseudo-day as street lights block the stars and I hear the hum of traffic that masks the crickets and frogs. And then I long for solitude…
What do you hear and see at night? | <urn:uuid:a217174e-0c4c-4e89-bf76-81f4cf63b508> | CC-MAIN-2017-26 | http://journowl.com/by-the-light-of-the-bulb/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320063.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20170623133357-20170623153357-00698.warc.gz | en | 0.952444 | 609 | 2.921875 | 3 |
History of Slate
Slate is a fine-grained, homogeneous metamorphic rock derived from an original shale-type sedimentary rock composed of clay or volcanic ash through low grade regional metamorphism. Slate is a totally natural product that has been used for centuries.
Slate in buildings
Slate has two lines of breakability – cleavage and grain – which make it possible to split the stone into thin sheets. When broken, slate retains a natural appearance while remaining relatively flat and easily stackable.
Slate tiles were used in 19th century UK building construction (apart from roofs) and in slate quarrying areas, such as Bethesda in Wales, there are still many buildings wholly constructed of slate. Slates can also be set into walls to provide a rudimentary damp-proof membrane, even today. Small off cuts are used as shims to level floor joists.
Why use Slate?
Slate roofs come in a wide variety of sizes, colours and thicknesses. One can create many different looks to enhance just about any architectural style.
Environmental considerations: Slate is a natural product that comes out of the ground and can safely go back into the ground.
Long Service Life: Slate has been the material of choice for a large percentage of the most important buildings built in the last five centuries. The method of installation has changed little over five centuries.
So, all in all, Natural Roof Slate is often considered the most beautiful, reliable and environmentally sound roof covering around. | <urn:uuid:a88da345-d79b-459c-8c16-63d2826dfa1c> | CC-MAIN-2018-30 | http://www.sigaslate.co.uk/all-about-slate/history-of-slate/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-30/segments/1531676591216.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20180719183926-20180719203926-00301.warc.gz | en | 0.963743 | 305 | 3.703125 | 4 |
Providing opportunities for dialogue and reflection
1. Why dialogue and reflection are necessary for learning
Many educational theorists claim that learning cannot occur without dialogue and reflection. Reading and listening are not enough. Interaction is required.
Learners need dialogue with teachers and other learners to clarify and correct their understanding. Dialogue, or two-way communication, whether in the form of questions or sharing viewpoints, serves at least five purposes.
- It provides the critical opportunity for learners to ask questions for clarification or the deeper implications about what is being learned.
- When learners have to explain what they currently understand in spoken or written words, it makes what is being learned more concrete, and can reveal gaps in learning. The feedback received can clarify or refine learning.
- The process of putting ideas into words is itself an important form of active engagement with the content, and a way of growing knowledge (even without feedback). If you have never expressed something in your own words, you do not know it fully.
- Dialogue helps learners integrate new learning with existing knowledge. Well integrated knowledge is more readily available and more easily transferred to practical contexts.
- Dialogue brings new content into the course by drawing upon the existing and growing knowledge of learners.
Reflection about what is being learned ensures that learning is strengthened. Reflection can be thought of as internal dialogue, with many of the same benefits of clarifying and integrating knowledge. Reflection, or the internal process of fitting ideas together, occurs during outward dialogue as well, and during other forms of active use of content. Unlike dialogue, reflection can be an entirely private process, such as
- writing a learning diary
- making study notes
- thinking about reflection questions provided by the teacher and learning resources
- creating a summary presentation on a topic you have studied
- collaborating with other learners on projects related learning content
Of course, reflection occurs anytime the learner is curious enough to ponder about the lesson content, and not just in formal activities. Stimulating curiosity with an interesting question or case is a good way to stimulate reflection. | <urn:uuid:73408ad7-fc14-442b-8a6d-1e2b70c569dc> | CC-MAIN-2020-05 | https://etrp.wmo.int/mod/book/view.php?id=4106 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579251672440.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20200125101544-20200125130544-00264.warc.gz | en | 0.943982 | 418 | 4.09375 | 4 |
Placental malaria is a serious problem in sub-Saharan Africa. Young women are particular susceptible to contracting this form of malaria during their first or second pregnancy despite previously acquired immunity from past infections. Placental malaria is caused by Plasmodium falciparum parasites expressing VAR2CSA on the erythrocyte surface. This protein adheres to a low-sulfated chondroitin sulfate-A found in placental tissue causing great harm to both mother and developing fetus. In rare cases, the localization of infected erythrocytes to the placenta can even result in the vertical transmission of malaria. In an effort to better understand this infection, chondroitin sulfate was isolated from the cotyledon part of the placenta, which should be accessible for parasite adhesion, as well as two non-accessible parts of the placenta to serve as controls. The placental chondroitin sulfate structures and their VAR2CSA binding were characterized. All portions of human placenta contained sufficient amounts of the appropriate low-sulfated chondroitin sulfate-A to display high-affinity binding to a recombinant truncated VAR2CSA construct, as determined using surface plasmon resonance. The cotyledon is the only placental tissue accessible to parasites in the bloodstream, suggesting it is the primary receptor for parasite infected red blood cells.
Glycoconjugate Journal, 2014, Vol 31, Issue 2, p. 109-16 | <urn:uuid:bc7e5f3d-aabc-415e-b8c2-85473547a728> | CC-MAIN-2017-43 | http://www.forskningsdatabasen.dk/catalog/255205918 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-43/segments/1508187824931.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20171022003552-20171022023552-00826.warc.gz | en | 0.913043 | 321 | 3.078125 | 3 |
Elevated Ash and Low Dry Matter Silages Can be a Bad Combination!!
Ray McLaughlin, Key Account Manager
With the arrival of spring and the new growing season, now is a good time to focus on how to make high quality forages over the coming months. For most producers, grass, small grain, and alfalfa silages (haylage) will be the first crops of the season. One of the most common fermentation problems with these crops is the production of too much butyric acid. This happens when Clostridium bacteria grow in your silage and convert digestible nutrients (sugar and protein) to butyric acid and other waste products. Clostridium bacteria are anaerobic bacteria that grow very well in low dry matter forages.
When your haylage has elevated levels of butyric acid, be prepared for reduced dry matter intakes, production losses and potential health problems such as ketosis. It only takes 50 grams of butyric acid intake to create a risk of ketosis in early lactation, and just 11 pounds of dry matter at 1% butyric acid will deliver 50 grams. It is not uncommon to find composite haylage samples from bunks and piles that are in 1-2% range for butyric acid, or to find some wet layers in a pile of haylage that contains as much as 5-6%.
There are several strategies we can take to minimize the production of butyric acid in our haylage:
-Harvest at the correct dry matter. Since Clostridium bacteria like low dry matter environments, it is critical to avoid haylage that is too wet. I recommend that you do everything you can to harvest alfalfa haylage between 35% and 45% dry matter, and grass type haylages between 30% and 40% dry matter.
-Avoid making high ash haylages. The ash level you see on your forage analysis report reflects the total mineral content of your haylage, but it includes both plant mineral as well as any that might come from soil contamination. High levels of soil contamination also contribute to high butyric acid in the silage because soil can contain a lot of Clostridium bacteria that will produce butyric acid during fermentation. Additionally, ash from soil contamination acts as a buffering agent that keeps the pH high and results in poor preservation of forages, not to mention the fact that this extra ash contributes indigestible nutrients that take up space in the diet. Following are some strategies for avoiding high ash in your haylage:
a. Raise the cutter bar of the disc bine to a minimum of 3-4 inches
b. Use flat knives (versus cupped or angled) on your disc bine
c. Use mergers to avoid dragging forage across the ground
d. If using rakes, adjust to keep tines off the ground
e. Store silage piles on concrete/asphalt
-Use an inoculant that can inhibit butyric acid production. SILOSOLVE® MC is a science-based, research-proven silage inoculant from Chr. Hansen that has a patented effect against the growth of Clostridium and, consequently, will result in less butyric acid production in your haylage.
Some final points:
If you have no choice but to harvest forages that are too wet, you might want to have a separate silo or pile so that it can be fed out as soon as possible after harvest. If you can get it fed out before 40 to 50 days, you might be able to get through it before too much butyric acid is produced.
If you have haylage that has already fermented and has high levels of butyric acid (> ~1.5%), you might try to remove it from the face a day ahead of time and allow it to air out for 24 hours before adding to the diet. This will allow some of the butyric acid to “evaporate” out of your feed before feeding it.
Feed BOVAMINE® Dairy Plus to every cow in your herd every day because it helps your cows perform normally, even in abnormal situations. It contains the four most effective and extensively researched probiotic strains in the world and can help maintain gut health no matter what challenges you might be facing. | <urn:uuid:adbe80d3-72f3-4dda-b295-91bc52924ed6> | CC-MAIN-2021-04 | https://www.ziskapp.com/post/elevated-ash-and-low-dry-matter-silages-can-be-a-bad-combination | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-04/segments/1610703531429.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20210122210653-20210123000653-00696.warc.gz | en | 0.932433 | 913 | 2.796875 | 3 |
Our Mission is to provide the highest quality atmospheric and meteorological research and services to our partners, the research community, and society required for a healthy and safe nation.
Pollutants released into the air can impact air quality, as well as terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems when the pollutants deposit to Earth. Effective targeting of air pollution controls depends on having good scientific understanding of which specific pollutant sources and regions are contributing to air and water quality issues.
The atmospheric boundary layer is the mixed layer of the atmosphere closest to the Earth’s surface. This layer is dynamic and changes in response to interactions between the underlying land and water surfaces and the atmosphere. The boundary layer is the area most in contact with people, and its behavior is directly influenced by what exists and occurs at the surface.
Businesses, citizens, communities, governments, and international organizations are requiring accurate and high quality meteorological observations and forecasts to assess and adapt to current and potential threats associated with climate variability.
The accidental or intentional release of chemical, biological, or nuclear agents, as well as ash associated with volcanic eruptions, can have significant health, safety, national security, economic, and ecological implications. ARL has an Atmospheric Dispersion Research Program that provides critical modeling and observation data to understand how, where, and when chemicals and materials are transported through the atmosphere. | <urn:uuid:69fb4ca3-24f0-4319-8ccd-b111b4d0e32c> | CC-MAIN-2019-35 | https://www.arl.noaa.gov/research-main-tab/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-35/segments/1566027312128.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20190817102624-20190817124624-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.931054 | 270 | 3.1875 | 3 |
One can understand Church Latin knowing the Latin of classical texts, as the main differences between the two are in pronunciation and spelling, as well as vocabulary. Everything is meaningless.” What do people gain from all their labors at which they toil under the sun? Thomas R. Preston, in ‘The Biblical Context of Johnson’s Rasselas’, Publications of the Modern Language Association, 84 (1969) 275, points to the resemblance between the Happy Valley and the Preacher’s Garden in Symon Patrick’s A Paraphrase upon the Book of Ecclesiastes (1685).
Question: "What is the book of Ecclesiasticus?" The Book of Proverbs suggests that if people trust God and do what is right they will prosper materially and socially. While reading Proverbs and Ecclesiastes, I couldn't help but notice how a lot of what was written could be applied to today. “Utterly meaningless! It almost seems as though many of the teachings, especially in Proverbs, could be applied to today's culture and is actually relevant. The Differences Between KJV 1611 and KJV 1850 Most readers will be aware that numberless and not inconsiderable departures from the original or standard edition of the Authorized Translation as published in 1611, are to be found in the modern Bibles which …
Generally speaking this may be true. Ecclesiastes is skeptical of ancient Israel’s traditional wisdom. In my previous post I pointed to the "Wisdom" literature of the Old Testament (usually said to comprise Job, Proverbs, and Ecclesiastes), suggesting that this is a good time for all of us to ingest some wisdom from those who went before. Everything Is Meaningless - The words of the Teacher, son of David, king in Jerusalem: “Meaningless!
The book of Ecclesiastes has long been my… Answer: There are several books which are included in some Bibles, called the apocryphal or deuterocanonical books, but because they don’t appear in all Bibles, they often cause confusion. Meaningless!” says the Teacher. I think that I both of these stories, there is an underlying theme that death has the final say in our lives, and there is not really much that we can do about it. Ecclesiastes vs. Gilgamesh In both of these stories, there is a spiritual crisis that awaits being noticed. Get an answer for 'What similarities and/or differences do you see between the Sumerian Epic of Gilgamesh and the Hebrew Bible?
Generations come and generations go, but the earth remains forever. For example, I couldn't help but stop and re-read one particular… To grasp what is unusual about Rasselas, however, one must take account of differences as well as resemblances.
There are not many differences between Classical Latin and Church Latin. | <urn:uuid:5dee4cf5-bef3-4118-b0bf-7ee9b5f647ae> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.tilmanngrawe.com/viewtopic.php?c6ce8c=differences-between-ecclesiastes-and-rasselas | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141745780.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20201204223450-20201205013450-00285.warc.gz | en | 0.965219 | 609 | 2.546875 | 3 |
The public policy of generic food marketing for fruits and vegetables
The economics of food marketing are very different for branded products (such as Coca-Cola) and generic products (such as most spinach sold in bulk). The producer of a branded product has a strong incentive to advertise. By contrast, the producer of a generic product knows that any voluntary advertising expenditure will benefit competitors. In economic jargon, the competitors will be “free riders.”
Of course, there are some branded fruit and vegetable products (such as Dole packaged spinach, to continue the spinach example). However, at least in the United States, it is clear that product branding -- and hence voluntary advertising -- is much less prevalent in the fruit and vegetable industries than in other segments of the food market. This disparity leads to a concern that private-sector incentives favor the advertising of comparatively unhealthy foods and penalize the advertising of fruits and vegetables.
Producers of unbranded food products have sought government assistance in solving the “free rider” problem in marketing generic food products. In the case of fruits and vegetables, producer organizations, nutrition foundations, and the federal government all perceive the merit in generic marketing and promotion. One result has been the “5-a-day” and later “5-to-9-a-day” program, which is a public/private partnership that encourages consumers to increase their daily servings of all fruits and vegetables, regardless of the brand. In addition to this national partnership, some regional fruit and vegetable marketing orders include mandatory producer contributions to a marketing budget.
However, these fruit and vegetable promotion programs are only a very small part of the U.S. federal government’s interventions to help food producers solve their “free rider” problem and promote their generic products. For example, the contribution to the “5-to-9-a-day” program from the federal government’s National Institutes of Health was merely $3.6 million in 2001. More recently, the federal participation in the program has been administered by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), but it is not clear how much money CDC commits to this effort (multiple email requests to the CDC’s program and public information offices over several weeks could not turn up a specific dollar figure).
By contrast, the federal government offers much greater help to the powerful meat and dairy industries through the federal generic commodity promotion programs, known as “checkoff” programs. As recently summarized in a longer perspective article:
The advertising campaigns from the checkoff programs include: “Beef. It’s What’s for Dinner,” “Ahh, the Power of Cheese,” “Pork. The Other White Meat,” “Got Milk?,” and the “Milk Mustache” campaign. These campaigns are so familiar that many readers will recognize the slogans immediately and be surprised only to hear that they are federally sanctioned. They are.
The programs are established by Congress, approved by a majority of the commodity’s producers, managed jointly by a producer board and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), and funded through mandatory assessments on the producers. The federal government enforces the collection of the mandatory assessments, approves the advertising and marketing programs, and defends checkoff communication in court as the federal government’s own message -- in legal jargon, as its own “government speech”(1).
Using the federal government’s powers of taxation, these checkoff programs collected more than $600 million from producers in 2004. The checkoff promotions sometimes put the federal government in the awkward position of undermining the more scientifically deliberate nutrition messages of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, which are intended as the government’s authoritative statement on nutrition communication. For example, the Guidelines related to obesity prevention do not focus on particular nutrients, as in the “lowcarb” fad diets favored by the meat industry or the “highcalcium” fad diets favored by the dairy industry. Instead, the Guidelines focus on overall calorie balance within the context of a healthy diet that is high in fruits, vegetables, and low fat dairy:
• To maintain body weight in a healthy range, balance calories from foods and beverages with calories expended.
• To prevent gradual weight gain over time, make small decreases in food and beverage calories and increase physical activity(2).
By contrast, the federal government’s pork checkoff program relies on a low-carb dietary message, “Counting carbs? Pork’s perfect.” The federal government’s dairy checkoff program used weight loss as a central theme in the last couple years: “3-a-Day. Milk-cheese-yogurt. Burn more fat, lose weight”(1). Far from adhering to the Dietary Guidelines’ emphasis on lowfat dairy products, the dairy checkoff advertisements commonly promote milk and cheese without reference to fat content, and they sometimes promote products that are high in fat and saturated fat, as in the checkoff program’s recent collaboration with Pizza Hut to promote a three-cheese stuffed crust pizza or its collaboration with Wendy’s to promote the Wild Mountain Bacon Cheeseburger.
Observers of nutrition policy in the United States have some hope that the upcoming 2007 Farm Bill, which reauthorizes a wide array of agricultural and food programs, will be more favorable to fruit and vegetable production and promotion than such bills have been in the past. At the same time, the political calculation that favored meat and dairy promotion at the expense of the Dietary Guidelines in past years has not fundamentally changed. It remains to be seen whether U.S. public policy can support nutrition objectives through fruit and vegetable promotion on a scale that would noticeably compete with other subsidy programs in the agriculture budget or with other food products in the advertising marketplace.
- Wilde P. Federal Communication about Obesity in the Dietary Guidelines and Checkoff Programs. Obesity. 2006;14: 967-973.
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and U.S. Department of Agriculture. Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2005 (6th Edition). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and U.S. Department of Agriculture; 2005. | <urn:uuid:9453f900-ea69-46f7-a3a8-36f35f39e26d> | CC-MAIN-2022-05 | https://www.aprifel.com/en/global-fv-newsletter-article/the-public-policy-of-generic-food-marketing-for-fruits-and-vegetables/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-05/segments/1642320303709.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220121192415-20220121222415-00026.warc.gz | en | 0.939461 | 1,306 | 2.609375 | 3 |
El Centro, California (NAPSI) - Any time during the school year can be the right time for a high school or college student to take a closer look at the computer he or she is using to see if it has enough memory.
Many students find that investing in a memory upgrade for their computer can pay dividends when it comes to speed of operation and their computer’s ability to run programs that demand a lot of memory.
For starters, if the computer has slowed down and is sluggish when it performs everyday tasks, such as viewing digital photos, watching videos, working on a presentation or term paper, or even taking online classes, it may be time to consider a memory upgrade.
In addition, it’s common for engineering and finance students to run CAD and modeling programs. These are data-intensive programs that may require additional memory to run efficiently. The same may be true for arts and design majors who run Photoshop, music majors who use composition software, and geology majors who run advanced mapping software. Typically, programs such as these can benefit from having additional memory.
Also, if it seems to take forever for the computer to restart and response time slows down when more than one program or window is open at the same time, it’s likely that it can use more memory.
While many find that improving the memory on a computer can be a fairly simple operation, it’s still not without its challenges. To help, here are some tips.
Is It All About The RAM?
RAM—which stands for Random Access Memory—is the internal memory specifically used by the computer to run programs. If you are reading your e-mail, watching a video, writing a report or playing a game, your computer is loading those programs into RAM to run them. These types of computing activities can benefit most directly from a memory upgrade, by providing more space to run additional programs.
Is There Enough Memory?
Increasingly, many colleges and high schools have specific requirements concerning the kind of computer they expect a student to use. Often, this includes how powerful the computer is expected to be and how much memory it needs to have at its disposal.
Can I Do It Myself?
Fortunately, installing the memory can be a fairly straightforward activity. However, the process of finding the correct type of memory upgrade for your computer can sometimes be a real challenge for the average computer owner.
The good news is that there is an online retailer called Crucial.com that specializes in memory and storage. It also offers free, easy-to-use online tools designed to help consumers quickly find the memory upgrade best suited to restoring a computer’s lost performance.
Simply use the drop-down menu on the Crucial Memory Advisor tool to see the types of memory supported by your computer and recommended memory upgrade options.
For those unsure of the computer’s make and model, there is a System Scanner tool that automatically scans the computer’s system and recommends compatible upgrades for its system.
Hundreds of thousands of types of computer memory upgrades for PCs and Mac computers, both new and old, are available through the Crucial.com website. To find your memory upgrade options, visit www.crucial.com. | <urn:uuid:0c516cde-b500-4b46-8046-ab10dc9f6f94> | CC-MAIN-2014-10 | http://kxoradio.com/index.php/kxo-news/latest-news/601-computer-memory-do-you-have-what-s-needed-for-school | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-10/segments/1393999635677/warc/CC-MAIN-20140305060715-00036-ip-10-183-142-35.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.946634 | 664 | 2.984375 | 3 |
In this simulation, you can investigate the electric field created by a parallel-plate capacitor, which is a pair of flat metal plates facing one another, one plate positively charged and one plate negatively charged. In the simulation each plate is a square 2 m on each side, and the view is of a two-dimensional slice through the center of the plates.
Here are some things to consider.
|1. ||In this simulation, as long as there is a potential difference one plate is positively charged and the other is negatively charged. When the potential difference is positive, which plate is positively charged, the top plate or the bottom plate? You should be able to use what you know about electric field to answer this. What happens when the potential difference is negative?|
|2. ||A parallel-plate capacitor is often used when a uniform electric field is required. How uniform is the field inside the capacitor? Does the uniformity of the field depend on how far apart the plates are?|
|3. ||How does the magnitude of the electric field inside the capacitor depend on the potential difference?|
|4. ||What determines the shape of the electric field?|
|5. ||For a parallel-plate capacitor with infinitely large plates, the uniform electric field between the plates has a magnitude of E = V/d, where V is the potential difference and d is the distance between the plates. How well does that equation work in this situation? Compare results for the two different separation distances available in the simulation.| | <urn:uuid:7515eac4-d7a7-45f8-8e98-f9c25b067470> | CC-MAIN-2021-17 | https://faculty.kfupm.edu.sa/PHYS/magondal/extra-applets/applets/notes/note31.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-17/segments/1618038916163.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20210419173508-20210419203508-00103.warc.gz | en | 0.937646 | 312 | 4.40625 | 4 |
Video taken from the International Space Station depicts a fuzzy, missile-shaped object that some commentators believe may be an orbital weapon of the kind frequently boasted of by North Korea.
For years, Pyongyang floated the idea of launching missiles from an orbital weapons platform for the purposes of decommissioning global telecommunication networks. A few global security experts have speculated that if a few satellite systems were struck by missiles, the resulting shrapnel could cascade in orbit, shredding other satellites.
Most analysts, however, point out that North Korea lacks the technological, logistical and resource capability to launch an orbital weapons platform, pointing instead toward the United States, although for entirely different reasons. The US aerospace industry has long contemplated placing nuclear weapons systems in high orbit so as to rapidly strike anywhere.
So is it North Korean, American, or, something else?
Extreme views suggest the object is of an alien nature. Earlier this week, alien enthusiasts claimed to have found proof of life on the moon after identifying lunar structures, suggesting occupation.
According to UFO spotters and conspiracy theorists, there are 200-foot-tall pyramid-like towers at the rim of a lunar crater that are thought to have been artificially constructed. The narrator of a video posted by the extraterrestrial watchdog group SecureTeam10, states, “If (after watching this video) you believe that the Moon is not inhabited by these massive artificial structures, you will likely never be convinced.”
The narrator further alleges that NASA has long known about the presence of aliens on the moon, but airbrushed evidence out of officially-released photos of the lunar surface.
Whether airbrushed ephemera, digital noise or, in fact, aliens, the debate rages on, and sometimes, what we don’t know can hurt us. | <urn:uuid:6c88ab14-6872-4c95-8c45-c23edf95c0a0> | CC-MAIN-2019-22 | https://sputniknews.com/news/201605261040322511-russia-america-pyongyang-aliens-extraterrestrial/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-22/segments/1558232262600.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20190527125825-20190527151825-00200.warc.gz | en | 0.943026 | 364 | 3 | 3 |
( Originally Published 1853 )
I HAVE told my young readers that money is coined at Philadelphia, and a few other places in the United States.
The laws of the country do not allow people to make it in other places. If everybody were permitted to coin money, some would make it of metals not sufficiently pure, and others would make the coins too small ; so that we should never know whether the dollars and other pieces were worth as much as they ought to be, or not.
But if money is made only in those few places, how is it that people all over the country get money and keep it as their own ? I fancy that the little boys who read this book would like to know the best way to get money. In this chapter I shall try to explain it to them.
And first of all I shall say, that the best way to get money is to get it honestly. Some wicked people try to get it by stealing. They will rob a traveler in the night, or break open a house or store. Some are dishonest in their bargains, and cheat their neighbors to get money.
But every boy should remember, that to get money by any such wicked means is worse than not to get it at all.
The Bible tells us that " treasures of wickedness profit nothing." Prov. x, 2.
If you would have your money do you any -good, you must get it honestly; and the way to get it honestly, is to earn it. You should never try to get it without paying for it.
There are a great many methods of getting money honestly. The farmer has one method, the blacksmith has another, the merchant another, the teacher another, the physician another, and there are many other ways still. Let me tell you how my uncle Reu ben obtained his money. He is now a cheerful old man, living very quietly in his comfortable farm-house ; and has money enough to procure for him and his little family, all the comforts and conveniences of life, and some to spare for objects of charity and benevolence.
He is always ready to give young people a little of his own pleasant history, and he never fails to tell them something that will be of real service to them if they are wise enough to Improve it.
He has been a farmer all his life, and is a great friend to farming as an occupation.
When he was twenty-one years of age, he began to look around to see what he had better do for a living.
"Here," said he, "are the young men of the neighborhood, all contriving how they may get rich without labor. And if they know how, they may succeed ; but if they don't, they must fail. confess I can see no plan that looks very sure. Now, I have gained a little knowledge of farming while I have been growing up to manhood ; and if I should now become a mechanic or merchant, or physician or lawyer, I should have to throw aside the knowledge I have acquired, and begin anew. It would be like going back to my infancy again ; and by the time I should grow up to manhood in my new occupation, my lifetime might be half-spent or more.
If I should be a mechanic, my own hands must earn all I get, or I must pay for every day's work that is done for me : but if I am a farmer, I shall have three faithful hands employed in my service, and I shall have to pay them nothing the sun, the clouds, and the earth will all work for me gratis.
I think I'll go to work at the business I already understand."
Not long after this, Reuben and his young wife found themselves in their new home. He had bought a farm that was covered all over with large trees, and had built a small log-cabin in the midst of the forest. It was at first a lonely place to them. The stillness of the night was sometimes broken by the hooting of the owl, sometimes by the howling of the wolf, and sometimes by the scream of the panther. But protected as they were by their rude dwelling, and by a trusty rifle, they felt quite secure, and already began to rejoice in the anticipation of future prosperity.
Reuben immediately began to clear away the bushes, and fell the lofty trees. At the early dawn you might have heard the woods ring with the blows of his ax, and throughout the day he continued to hurl to the ground the tall and smooth beech, the stout maple, and the dark-waving hemlock. Do you see the. squirrels and foxes start with affright, as the towering trees come crashing and thundering down? The solid ground trembles beneath the stroke.
It seems as if the sturdy chopper were using these gigantic trees as rods for chastising the earth, to subdue the wildness of its nature, and cause it to yield him abundant harvests in future years.
Sometimes the crack of Reuben's rifle rang through - the forest, and woe of the bear, the wolf, or the deer that had been the mark of his deadly aim !
God had said, many hundreds of years before, that " the fear of man and the dread of him should be upon every beast of the field." Gen. ix, 2. So it was here ; the dread of this new comer soon spread among all the old inhabitants of the forest, and after a little while it was seldom that Reuben had to lay down his ax, to take up his rifle.
After the trees had been leveled with the ground over the space of a few acres, they were allowed to remain until the leaves and twigs became quite dry.
A fire was then applied to them, which ran rapidly over the whole, consuming all the small and dry substances, and leaving the large logs all scorched and blackened by the flames. These logs were then hauled together by oxen, rolled into piles, and consumed by fire.
Day after day a hundred columns of smoke might be seen rising to the clouds ; and night after night the gleaming fires almost changed the darkness into day.
Thus for many a day did the patient laborer toil on until he had cleared off all the logs and rubbish from the ground; and then with his plow, harrow, and hoe, he mellowed the soil, and prepared it to receive the seed. He next planted his corn or sowed his wheat on the same ground which was lately covered with a majestic forest.
And now those three faithful hands that work without pay, commenced their labors for Reuben's benefit. The bright sun warmed the seed, the refreshing showers moistened it, and the fertile soil nourished the sprouting germ ; and in a few days the tender blade of grain might be seen shooting up from the ground. Reuben knew how much he owed to the sun, the clouds, and the earth. Ile was grateful to God for causing them to contribute so much to his profit. He said it was better for him that the golden rays of light should fall upon his land, than if gold-dust were sprinkled over it : he was more profited by the warm shower of rain than he would be if a shower of shillings had fallen upon his fields ; and the fertility of the soil enriched him more than a gold or silver mine would upon his farm. When he saw his wheat and corn ripening for the harvest, he felt that he was already rewarded for the many days of patient and industrious labor they had cost him.
He gathered the ripened grain into his barn, and when the cold winter came thrashed it out, and carried it to the market, where he sold it, and received the money for it.
He looked at the money with some satisfaction,. for it was the first that his new film had yielded him. " By God's blessing," said he, "I have obtained this money honestly. Every blow of my ax was worth something ; every tree that I cleared from the land made my farm more valuable ; every ray of sunshine and every drop of the refreshing showers, have assisted me in gaining these dollars. A part of this money shall be devoted to the Lord, as a thank-offering for the prosperity with which he has blessed me."
Many years have passed since that time, and Reuben has continued an industrious and prudent man. Every year has added something to his possessions, for he has been a good calculator, and has always turned his earnings to some good account. Sometimes, instead of selling his grain, he has fattened his hogs and cattle with it, and sold them for money. Sometimes he has converted his fields into pastures, in which he has kept a large number of sheep, and every year enriched himself from the sale of their woolly fleeces. Again he has stocked his pastures with cows, and obtained money by carrying the butter and cheese of his dairy to market. Meantime his farm has. been growing more and more valuable every day. In his eyes, labour is no disgrace ; for he knows, and all his neighbors know, that it is by his own honest industry and economy that he has made himself the wealthy, respected, and happy old uncle Reuben that he now is.
It is much better for the farmer to get his money by these methods, than it would be if he were obliged to make it directly from the metals. Gold and silver are found in only a few places, so that only a few could obtain them for making money. And besides this, when the farmer is raising grain, and cattle, and sheep, and making butter and cheese, he is not only earning money for himself, but he is also furnishing food and clothing for many others.
The mechanic also earns money by his labor. Early in the morning you may find him in his shop, and there he continues through the day industriously at work, making plows, or carriages, or chairs, or stoves, or coats, or shoes, or other useful articles, which he sells and receives their worth in money.
Perhaps some who read this book will think that these methods of earning money are too slow, and will try to contrive some way to obtain it faster.
I mush tell you, however, that these slow methods are much the most sure.
Sometimes a young man becomes rich in a short time, and without much labor ; but such instances seldom occur.
Many who think they cannot wait to get their money so slowly, spend many months, and even years, in trying to get it rapidly. They hope that very soon they shall obtain a large sum at once ; but the expected moment never comes. Their hopes, continually ending in disappointment, leave them as poor as they were at first.
Now all this time the patient farmer and mechanic have been toiling away; and though they have earned their money slowly, yet every day they have earned a little ; and a little gained everyday, will amount to a considerable sum at the close of the year ; and, at the end of several years, it will be a handsome little fortune.
Uncle Reuben used often to cheer himself, after the labors of the day, by such thoughts as these : " I have worked hard today, it is true, and am a little fatigued by my toil ; but I have not labored in vain, I have earned something. To be sure, I have not become suddenly rich ; and if I had, very likely it would have puffed me up with sinful pride and vanity. But, by the blessing of God, I have gained a little by my industry ; and if I do the same every day, I shall have enough for the comfort of my family ; and if we are honest and virtuous, we shall be happier than many of the rich. And as for this bodily fatigue which my diligence occasions, I am sure I need not lament it, for it leaves my mind cheerful and happy ; while those who spend their time in idleness, trying to contrive how they may be rich without patient industry, must feel every night that their hopes are disappointed, their minds jaded and weary, their spirits depressed, and their lives spent altogether to no good purpose."
His frugal and affectionate wife also cheered him with her encouraging words ; and thus they kept their hopes bright, and their bright hopes made their lives cheerful and happy.
If we were to go through the most prosperous parts of our country, and call at the neat and comfortable dwellings of the farmers and tradesmen, and inquire how they had obtained their pleasant little homes, so full of peace and plenty, most of them would tell us that they began with nothing but healthy bodies, cheerful minds, and industrious habits; and that it was by patient labor and economy that they had gained all these worldly comforts.
Now will not every boy who reads this book resolve that he will be no idler in the world ; but that he will do something for his own good and for the benefit of others ? Stir about, boys !
Choose your business for life. Don't be afraid of labor ! Go to work ; keep at it. Never despair, never tire. " Time is money," said a great man, who had been very industrious and very useful for many years. " Time is money."
Every day is worth something, a few shillings at least to the diligent man ; and the largest fortunes are accumulated little by little. | <urn:uuid:73640f13-03f3-421f-a6b0-8c04b38c337e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.oldandsold.com/articles11/money-2.shtml | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282202.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00575-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.989808 | 2,797 | 2.75 | 3 |
Super nanowire composite solves 'valley of death' riddle
In a world first, a team of researchers from Australia, China and the US has created a super strong metallic composite by harnessing the extraordinary mechanical properties of nanowires.
Co-author and Head of the School of Mechanical and Chemical Engineering at The University of Western Australia, Winthrop Professor Yinong Liu, said the work has effectively overcome a challenge that has frustrated the world's top scientists and engineers for more than three decades, nicknamed the "valley of death" in nanocomposite design.
"We know that nanowires exhibit extraordinary mechanical properties, in particular ultrahigh strengths in the order of several gigapascal, approaching the theoretical limits," Professor Liu said.
"With the fast development of our capability to produce more in variety, more in quantity and better in shape and size of nanowires, the chance of creating bulk engineering composite materials reinforced by these nanowires has become high."
However, all the attempts to date have failed to realise the extraordinary properties of the nanowires in bulk materials.
Professor Liu said the problem is with the matrix.
"In a normal metal matrix-nanowire composite, when we pull the composite to a very high stress, the nanowires will experience a large elastic deformation of several per cent," he said.
"That is okay for the nanowires, but the normal metals that form the matrix cannot. They can stretch elastically to no more than 1 per cent. Beyond that, the matrix deforms plastically."
Plastic deformation damages the crystal structure at the interface between the nanowires and the matrix. In this regard, the properties of the composite are limited by the properties of the ordinary matrix, and not determined by the extraordinary properties of the nanowires.
"The trick is with the NiTi matrix," Professor Liu said.
"NiTi is a shape memory alloy, a fancy name but not totally new. It is no stronger than other common metals but it has one special property that is its martensitic transformation.
"The transformation can produce a deformation compatible to the elastic deformation of the nanowires without plastic damage to the structure of the composite.
"This effectively gives the nanowires a chance to do their job, that is, to bear the high load and to be super strong. With this we have crossed the ‘valley of death'!"
Using this idea, the researchers have created composite materials that are twice as strong as high strength steels, that have elastic strain limits up to six per cent - which is 5-10 times greater than the elastic strains of the best spring steels currently available - and a Young's modulus of ~30 GPa, which is unmatched by any engineering materials so far.
The breakthrough opens the door for a range of new and innovative applications. The very low Young's modulus matches that of human bone, making it a much better material for medical applications as implants, for example.
The ability to produce and maintain extremely large elastic strains also provides an unprecedented opportunity for "elastic strain engineering", which could lead to improvements in many functional properties of solid materials, such as electronic, optoelectronic, piezoelectric, piezomagnetic, photocatalytic and chemical sensing properties.
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Your name is used alongside Comments. | <urn:uuid:62b8df87-3bf1-4721-aaee-f11e6649140f> | CC-MAIN-2019-09 | https://www.industrysearch.com.au/super-nanowire-composite-solves-valley-of-death-riddle/f/11807 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-09/segments/1550247490225.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20190219142524-20190219164524-00150.warc.gz | en | 0.932191 | 790 | 3 | 3 |
"Like most earth-changing projects, more than one model was built for testing and back-up purposes. This is an original Sputnik from the '50s space program, named "model PS-1". Literally lost in space for the past 30 years, we discovered it hanging 20 feet above the ground in a science institute near Kiev. Nearly identical to the Sputnik that orbited the Earth. Constructed of a highly-polished metal alloy; 31" in diameter and equipped with two, 10ft and two 5ft whip antennae. Weighing in at 66lbs. Historians may note that this is lighter than the flown-craft, which weighed 176 lbs. This is because the once-top-secret radio transmitters and batteries were removed and destroyed, during the security conscious 1960s." | <urn:uuid:7c1762c7-9999-4a3a-90fd-f20f3f501943> | CC-MAIN-2018-30 | https://www.jwz.org/blog/2003/05/sputnik-for-sale-on-ebay/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-30/segments/1531676589470.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20180716213101-20180716233101-00383.warc.gz | en | 0.96342 | 166 | 2.71875 | 3 |
If you are a resident of Washington state, you should know that there is a bill quietly sailing through your state legislature that violates your privacy and threatens your right to make informed, voluntary decisions about vaccination. House Bill 1015 1 and Senate Bill 5005 also discriminates against parents by failing to give them equal protection under the federal National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act of 1986 (PL 99-660). 2
The proposed new law will legally require doctors and nurses to personally sign off on all religious or personal belief exemptions to vaccination filed with the state. Parents seeking non-medical exemptions will be required to include a signature from a vaccine provider on the exemption form stating that they have been given vaccine benefit and risk information. 3 Currently Washington state mandatory vaccination laws 4 only require signatures from medical personnel when medical exemptions are filed.
If this bill becomes law, it will put doctors, nurses and other medical personnel in the legal position of acting as inquisitors of religious beliefs held by fellow citizens, which is an invasion of privacy and a de facto violation of First Amendment rights. 5 Americans associated with the medical profession will have the power to sit in judgment of, or interfere with, the free exercise of religious, spiritual or conscientious beliefs of other Americans. It will also make it easier for doctors to punish parents making selective vaccine choices by denying their children medical care, which is the official policy of many U.S. pediatricians. 6
The ethical principle of informed consent 7 to medical risk taking means that you, as an individual or the legal guardian of an individual, have the human right to be fully informed about the benefits and risks of a medical intervention and make a voluntary decision without being harassed or coerced by anyone. 8 The informed consent principle protects individuals in every society from exploitation by those in positions of power in medicine, government and industry. 9, 10, 11
The proposed Washington state bill makes it easier for doctors and other medical personnel to violate an individual’s informed consent rights and discriminate against those filing vaccine exemptions, who may hold different beliefs and values. 12, 13, 14, 15 Informed consent is especially important when it comes to vaccination because doctors and nurses cannot predict ahead of time who will be injured by vaccines. More than $2 billion dollars has been awarded by the U.S. Court of Claims 16 to compensate vaccine victims, mostly children, whose doctors did not know they would suffer brain inflammation, immune dysregulation and become permanently disabled or even die after vaccination. 17, 18, 19
Co-sponsors of the new Washington state vaccine law do not acknowledge in the bill that there is already a federal law in place since 1986, 20, 21 which legally requires doctors, nurses and all vaccine providers to:
- Give parents vaccine benefit and risk information before vaccination takes place;
- Record serious health problems, including hospitalizations, injuries and deaths, after vaccination in the child’s permanent medical records;
- Report serious health problems after vaccination 22 to the federal Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System (VAERS); 23 and
- Keep a permanent record of all vaccines given, including the manufacturer’s name and lot number.
Unfortunately, today most vaccine providers do not obey these important federal law requirements. So if the goal of the new law is to educate parents about vaccination, it should simply state that all vaccine providers are legally required to give every parent Vaccine Information Statements (VIS) produced by the Centers for Disease Control, 24 which also contain information about reporting vaccine reactions and the federal vaccine injury compensation program.
If you are a Washington State resident and do not want to lose your right to file a religious or personal belief exemption to vaccination without getting the signature of a doctor or nurse, you need take action TODAY.
Sign up for NVIC's Advocacy Portal and learn how to take action and make your voice heard. No matter what state you live in, please join forces now with the oldest, largest, and most experienced vaccine safety and informed consent organization, the non-profit National Vaccine Information Center, 25, 26 and fight for your freedom to make voluntary vaccine choices in America.
If it can happen in Washington state, it can happen in your state. Defend your informed consent rights.
Please forward the public service announcement linked to the end of this commentary to everyone you know about how to join NVIC’s Advocacy Portal.
It’s your health. Your family. Your choice.
Click here to watch NVIC’s Advocacy Portal Public Service Announcement.
2The National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act of 1986 (PL 99-660). Subpart C - Assuring a Safer Childhood Vaccination Program in the United States (300 aa 25-28): Recording and reporting of information; vaccine information; mandate for safer childhood vaccines; manufacturer recordkeeping and reporting.
8 Doyal L. Good clinical practice and informed consent are inseparable. Heart 2002; 87(2): 103-105.
10 Seidelman WE. Nuremberg lamentation: for the forgotten victims of medical science. British Medical Journal 1996; 313: 1463-7.
11 Annas GJ. Globalization of Clinical Trials and Informed Consent. N Eng J Med 2009; 360:2050-2053.
12 ACLU. 2009. NYCLU Urges Public Education and Voluntary Vaccine for H1N1 Flu, Warns Vaccine Mandate Violates Privacy Rights. Testimony by Donna Lieberman
13 Offit, P. Mandating Influenza Vaccine: One Hospital’s Experience. Medscape 2010.
14 Sullivan PL. 2010. Influenza Vaccination in HealthCare Workers: Should It Be Mandatory? Journal of Issues in Nursing.
16 U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA). National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program Statistics Report (January 3, 2011).
17 Waldenbuerg WS, Wallace SE. When Science is Silent: Examining Compensation of Vaccine-Related Injuries When Scientific Evidence of Causation is Inconclusive. Wake Forest Law Review 2007; 42: 303-331.
19 U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA). National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program Vaccine Injury Table.
20 See Reference #1
26 In the U.S. Supreme Court of the United States: Bruesewitz v. Wyeth-Lederle Vaccines and Lederle Laboratories. Petition of Amici Curiae National Vaccine Information Center, it’s co-founders and 11 other organizations in support of Petitioners.
Watch the video: | <urn:uuid:6b07a051-f420-41e0-af17-b2f1bae82d86> | CC-MAIN-2017-43 | http://vaccineawakening.blogspot.com/2011/02/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-43/segments/1508187823482.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20171019231858-20171020011832-00003.warc.gz | en | 0.906676 | 1,360 | 2.53125 | 3 |
A birding trip is always made worthwhile when spotting a Northern Shoveler! In addition to its unique bill, which is unmistakably named for its spoon-like shape, the males possess a very richly hued, hard-to-miss, elegant plumage. Additionally, the very large range of this bird makes it both fairly accessible and easily identifiable!
Common Name: Northern Shoveler; Shoveler
Latin Name: Anas clypeata
Range: Summers across most areas of North America and northern regions of Asia and Europe. Winters in parts of southern Europe, Africa, the Indian subcontinent, Asia and South America.
Habitat: Freshwater and saline wetlands.
Diet: Mainly aquatic invertebrates. Also eats some seeds.
Conservation Status: Least Concern
Did you know?
A group of ducks is known as a team, a flush, a brace, a paddling, or a raft of ducks!
Danielle + Michelle | <urn:uuid:c3d9505b-488f-486e-9985-ea772a008e2c> | CC-MAIN-2018-43 | http://pacificbirdandsupplyco.com/wp/2012/12/beak-of-the-week-northern-shovelers/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-43/segments/1539583516003.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20181023023542-20181023045042-00431.warc.gz | en | 0.90884 | 207 | 2.96875 | 3 |
Testimony and Authority
All of the sources we have analyzed thus far are “internal” in the sense that they involve our own interpretation of experience. But there are two “external” sources, which utilize the interpretation of others. These are testimony and authority. The difference is that whereas the internal source, such as genus or cause, is a direct perception by us of an aspect of phenomena, the external source is a report of such perception on the part of someone else. If a police officer declares in court that he saw you drive through a red light at the intersection of 16th and Walnut, the court accepts his statement as testimony. After this is done, the statement goes into a syllogistic argument as a true proposition, constituting one of the premises. The point we must emphasize is that the proposition, as used in the argument, does not rest upon direct interpretation of genus, or cause, or similitude, but upon the credit of someone who is testifying. In the same way, a man who is charged with a crime gets someone to testify that he was otherwise occupied at the time the crime was committed (this is the true meaning of the charged person’s alibi, which is the Latin word for “elsewhere”). By this means, statements by people presumed to be in a position to know are brought into an argument and take the place of direct of logical interpretation of evidence.
Let us bear in mind that such arguments are external in the sense of being imported from the outside. Instead of affirming a fact of relationship themselves, they affirm that someone else affirms it. Thus the argument would not say that Tony Moreno was seventeen miles away from the scene at the time of a gangland slaying on Chicago’s south side. It says rather that his friend Joe Mangione testifies that Moreno was at his place, which is seventeen miles away from the scene, at the time of the slaying. How good this testimony is must be judged with reference to a number of things. The point of interest to us is that, in estimating its rhetorical force, we regard it not as a fact but as testimony.
Closely related to testimony is authority. Arguments from authority bring in a great name or some other exalted source whose word on the subject in question is regarded as final. Such arguments reflect a supposition that it would be presumptuous to go beyond the authority. The foreign missionary work carried on by many Christian churches rests upon the conclusion of an argument drawn from authority. According to the book of Matthew, Christ said to his disciples (28:19): “Go ye therefore and teach all nations.” The argument then proceeds; if Christ commanded his disciples to spread the gospel to all the world, this is what his followers must do. The Biblical text is thus used to supply a middle term, the authority of Christ, which functions in a syllogistic argument.
All of us have encountered, and perhaps some of us have used, arguments based on the authority of the Bible. If St. Paul said that the greatest of gifts is charity, we must accept this as so. Solomon declared that where there is no vision, the people perish, and we use this as a premise in argument. Arguments from authority are sometimes employed in the political arena. When Washington’s statement that we should avoid entangling alliances with foreign countries is cited in debate over foreign policy, it is the authority of Washington as father and first president of our nation which furnishes the rhetorical force. Sometimes even the subject matter of science is expressed in the form of arguments from authority, since it is obviously impossible to re-investigate every one of the established laws of science every time we wish to make a predication in this field. What we do, therefore, is accept a law on the authority of some competent scientist. When, for example, H. H. Newman, Professor of Zoology at the University of Chicago, declares: “Evolution has been tried and tested in every conceivable way for considerably over half a century. Vast numbers of biological facts have been examined in the light of this principle and without a single exception they have been found entirely compatible with it,” the average layman is disposed to regard this as true. Again we note that it is the authority of the source rather than any direct investigation of the content which gives propositions of this sort a standing in argument.
We repeat that it is the nature of arguments based on testimony and authority to have no intrinsic force; whatever persuasive power they carry is derived from the credit of the testifier of the weight of the authority. People who have been taught to venerate the Bible will be moved by a Biblical proposition; a proposition from the Koran would have little if any power to move them, though it would carry weight with a Moslem. In using such arguments it is accordingly essential to keep in mind the credit of the source of testimony and the status of the authority. Testimony is usually well regarded if the one offering it is in a position to know the facts and if he is disinterested with reference to the outcome of the argument.
In studying any extended piece of argumentation for its effect, you will find it invaluable to identify the rhetorical sources being employed. In no other way can you determine how much content an argument really has and how much weight it is probably going to carry with a specific audience. | <urn:uuid:5a7dad1e-a85b-4cd3-bad9-9b93ddff44e8> | CC-MAIN-2016-07 | http://phc.edu/rr_weaverenthymeme_j.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-07/segments/1454701161942.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20160205193921-00083-ip-10-236-182-209.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.96365 | 1,103 | 2.59375 | 3 |
The ivy (Helix spp.) growing in a hanging basket, planter or in the garden takes approximately 10 years to reach the adult stage, flower and produce seeds. The juvenile plants root readily from sections of the vine and produce a clone of the ivy plants in four to eight weeks. The host plant used for cloning should be free of disease because the new plant, made from a cutting, contains the same genetic makeup and would also be diseased.
Mix an equal portion of coarse sand, perlite and peat moss in a tub. Water the planting mix just so the entire mixture is slightly moist. If water drips from a small amount squeezed in your hand, it is too wet. Allow the mixture to dry a little before rooting your ivy.
Fill a garden pot with drainage holes with the soil mixture to within an inch from the rim of the pot. Poke a pencil 2 inches into the mix to make three evenly spaced holes to prepare for the cuttings. Space the holes far enough apart that the leaves of the ivy cuttings do not touch.
Cut three stem cuttings from the stem tips of the host plant with a pair of pruning scissors. Make the cuttings 6 to 8 inches long. Remove the leaves from the bottom 4 inches of the cuttings.
Stick the cuttings into the prepared holes so the bottom 4 inches of the cutting is in the soil. Firm the soil around the stems so they stand straight in the garden pot. Water the cuttings to settle the soil and remove any air pockets in the soil mix.
Set the garden pot in a bright window, out of the direct rays of the sun, such as a north-facing window. Moisten the soil if it dries during the rooting process or the cuttings will die.
Check the cuttings in about four weeks to see if roots have formed. Gently tug on the top leaves to feel if the cutting is anchored in the soil mix. You will feel a slight resistance to the tug if roots have formed. Allow the cuttings to continue growing in the garden pot so a healthy root system forms.
Transplant the newly rooted ivy plants into individual pots filled with a quality potting soil. Moisten the soil so the roots do not dry out during the time the plant establishes itself in the pot.
Take the new plants to a shady spot outdoors during warm weather for about an hour a day for two or three days. Increase the amount of time the plants spend outdoors until they remain outside for 24 hours. Slowly move the plants into the sunlight over the course of several days. Keep the plants watered well so the heat of the sun does not stress the plants.
Things You Will Need
- Coarse sand
- Peat moss
- Large tub
- Garden pot
- Sharp knife or pruning scissors
- Water your host ivy plant the day before you take the cuttings so the plant is hydrated and to avoid water loss in the cuttings.
- Do not fertilize new plants, because the fertilizer may burn the new roots and kill the plant.
- Ivy plants can be grown as annuals or perennials, depending on variety.
- The American Ivy Society: Cloning Your Ivies
- Washington State University Spokane County Extension: Houseplant Cuttings
- California Invasive Plant Council: Hedera Spp. (English and Algerian Ivy)
- Washington State University Cooperative Extension: Propagating Deciduous and Evergreen Shrubs, Trees, and Vines with Stem Cuttings
- The American Ivy Society: The Care of Ivies
- Missouri Botanical Garden: Hedera Helix
- Creatas Images/Creatas/Getty Images | <urn:uuid:aa74f58b-43c1-404c-a1e0-77a399ac5b56> | CC-MAIN-2016-22 | http://homeguides.sfgate.com/clone-ivy-72979.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-22/segments/1464050919950.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20160524004839-00121-ip-10-185-217-139.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.908543 | 780 | 3.15625 | 3 |
There many potential reasons why that your leg hurts. But if there is no mechanism of injury or trauma to the involved leg you should be concerned. You may have a deep venous thrombosis (DVT). This refers to a blood clot embedded in one of the major deep veins of the lower legs, thighs, or pelvis. A clot blocks blood circulation through these veins, which carries blood from the lower body back to the heart. The blockage can cause pain, swelling, or warmth in the affected leg. Blood clots in the veins can cause inflammation called thrombophlebitis. Severe complications of deep vein thrombosis occur when a clot breaks loose and travels through the bloodstream, causing blockage of blood vessels in the lung. Called pulmonary embolism, this can lead to severe difficulty in breathing and even death, depending on the degree of blockage.
In the United States, about 2 million people per year develop deep vein thrombosis. Most of them are aged 40 years or older. Up to 600,000 are hospitalized each year for the condition. Deep vein thrombosis can lead to a more serious complication; blood clots in the lung (pulmonary embolism). Statistics reveal that at least 650,000 persons die each year from a pulmonary embolism, making it the third most common cause of death in the United States.
People who sit for long periods of time on a regular basis have a two-to- threefold increased risk of developing a potentially deadly blood clot in their lungs.
Sudden shortness of breath, severe chest pain and coughing that may produce blood are among the symptoms of pulmonary embolism, in addition to excessive sweating, fainting and weak pulse.
For instance, Olympic athletes who took trips from Europe to Australia were found to have deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Recently, tennis star and fashion mogul, Venus Williams, had pulmonary embolism. This goes to show it does not matter the condition of health you are in, you still could be susceptible to a DVT.
It is recommended that one take a baby aspirin before long-haul travels described as lasting more than eight hours. Certainly it is recommended to at least get up and walk around the aircraft cabin and do calf muscle exercises on a regular basis while traveling.
This is no joke. If you have leg pain, the most important thing you can do is schedule an appointment at Affiliated Foot and Ankle Center, LLP with locations in Howell, Edison, and Monroe NJ. We have the latest diagnostic tools to diagnose your conditions including a potential deadly DVT. | <urn:uuid:1948a504-118c-47ba-a4a9-52e01c012466> | CC-MAIN-2016-18 | http://www.footdoctorsnj.com/blog/2012/01/24/why-does-my-leg-hurt/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-18/segments/1461860115672.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20160428161515-00025-ip-10-239-7-51.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.948394 | 544 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Tai Chi Chuan is a martial art that combines martial arts movements with Qi energy circulation, breathing, and stretching techniques. It utilizes the ancient philosophy of Yin / Yang and the Five Element theories for its foundation and to establish its training principles. The training of Taijiquan includes the integration of mind, Qi, and body. The focus on Qi circulation was initially used for the purpose of increasing the internal strength of the physical body for combat. The same techniques that were capable of developing internal power for combat, also proved to be effective as life prolonging, healing, and rejuvenating exercises. These health benefits are the primary contributions that led to the popularity of Taijiquan today. The value of Taijiquan is in its potential to strengthen and repair the physical and energetic body, which in turn has the potential to prevent and cure diseases.
With regular practice of Taijiquan, it is possible to keep blood and energy circulation smooth in the entire body, and prevent disease. Traditional Chinese medical theory places prevention in the highest esteem; correcting a problem before any symptom occurs. If a problem already exists, it can be regulated through the regular practice of Taijiquan, before it causes any major damage. If the problem is already causing damage, then drastic measures may need to be taken to repair the damage. Once the damage is repaired, the non-jarring, slow, and integrated movements of Taijiquan, make an excellent recovery exercise for regaining health.
The slow, relaxed, condensing and expanding movements of Taijiquan provide a total body exercise. As the muscles are allowed to relax, blood circulation can be improved. The gentle movements loosen up the spine, ribs and the internal organs. By "massaging" the organs, you can loosen up the tension around them and increase the blood circulation. The slow movements allow the body to move with less tension than high pace movements, which require fast muscle contractions. The slow movements of Taijiquan allow the lungs to be more relaxed and to increase the intake of oxygen.
Harmony with Nature Qi means "energy" and it is the intrinsic substance or the "vital force" behind all things in the universe. Taijiquan exercise helps to redistribute energy in our body, by leading excess energy from tense areas, so as to regain balance. Performing Taijiquan early in the morning clears the mind and prepares one to tackle any task during the day.
Chinese medicine believes that sickness is the result of the body's inability to properly adapt and adjust to the "evil" influences of nature. Because humans are a part of nature, any change in nature will inevitably affect the human body. When the influences of nature go above and beyond human adaptability, the balance between human and nature is destroyed. The human body functions will then be affected and sickness will result. Sickness will last until the body can attain the proper balance.
It is known that, as early as the 4th century B.C., that the Life-Nourishing Techniques (Yangshenfa) were being practiced. They included bending, expanding, condensing, and extending movements; breathing techniques and Qi circulation, similar to Taijiquan's internal exercises.
Based on the same energy theory, exercise and breathing techniques were created to adjust the imbalance of energy in the body, to build energy, and to increase adaptability to the environment. These exercises are known as Dao Yin and Tu Na. Dao Yin is the art of guiding the Qi to achieve harmony; and stretching the body to "massage" the cavities in order to reduce Qi stagnation and to attain flexibility. Tu Na is the art of expelling "old" air, and drawing in the "new" air — the art of breathing. The combination of Daoyin and Tu Na techniques along with the circular movements of martial arts, became the healing / martial art known as Taijiquan.
Training the mind is of the highest importance in Taijiquan. The Preparation posture, or Wuji stance, is to prepare the mind for the physical movements. Before starting the movements, the mind should be calm and steady. Stand naturally upright. Bring your thoughts inward instead of outward. Eyes look evenly forward. Relax your entire body. Imagine that there is a waterfall gently pouring over your head. As the water passes through your body, tension is released in your head, neck, shoulders, chest, spine, elbows, hands, hips, knees, ankles, feet, and toes; and then into the ground. Repeat this process until you feel completely relaxed and calm.
Before starting the postures, touch your tongue to the roof of your mouth. As saliva is being generated, swallow it and use your mind to follow the saliva down your throat to your stomach. Then bring your attention to your lower Dantian — your body's center of gravity.
When you begin to learn the postures, don't be overly concerned with coordinating your breathing with the movements. Once your movements are smooth, then start to pay attention to your breathing. Study the detailed guidelines and principles and try to incorporate them into the entire sequence.
History of 24 Posture Taijiquan
In 1956, the Simplified (or 24 Posture) Taijiquan was compiled by the Chinese Sports Commission. Tremendous efforts were put into promoting Taijiquan. The 24 Posture Taijiquan was derived from the traditional Yang Style Taijiquan 108-posture long form. It was the result of many Taijiquan masters working towards standardizing and simplifying Taijiquan, for use as a health promoting exercise. Many of the more complicated and repeated movements were deleted from the long form for ease of learning and practicing. The sequence starts off with very simple movements and gradually becomes more complicated. Even though the 24 Posture Taijiquan sequence is a simplified version of the long form, it is still a "traditional" sequence with the original martial applications in every movement.
It consists of 20 different postures from the Yang Style Long Sequence. Three of the postures are done on both left and right sides, and one of the postures repeats itself, making a total of 24 postures. Because this sequence is based on Yang Style Taijiquan, the training guidelines and principles of Simplified Taijiquan follow the characteristic "flavor" of the Yang Style. The entire Simplified Taijiquan sequence should be performed at an even pace with no abrupt changes in the transition, and following the traditional guidelines and principles, which are outlined in the Detail sections of the DVD and textbook 'Tai Chi Chuan'.
History of 48 Posture Taijiquan
In 1976, another standardized Taijiquan sequence was compiled by the Chinese National Athletic Association. The new sequence was called 48 Posture Taijiquan. It broadened the content of the Simplified Taijiquan sequence by adding additional postures from the Yang, Chen, Wu, and Sun styles of Taijiquan. The new postures were modified and performed with the characteristic "flavor" of the Yang Style. Therefore, the same guidelines and principles of Yang Style Taijiquan applies to the 48 Posture Taijiquan. The only exception is that the Simplified Taijiquan sequence is performed at an even pace, and the 48 Posture Taijiquan includes some fast movements. The fast movements are a characteristic of martial arts power emission called Fajin. | <urn:uuid:3e54050d-1d31-4df3-9b75-0076e6b2d219> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://ymaa.com/articles/learning-tai-chi-the-24-and-48-forms | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141164142.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123182720-20201123212720-00220.warc.gz | en | 0.9451 | 1,538 | 2.609375 | 3 |
IBM researchers have discovered a materials breakthrough that could lead to processors that use less power and operate the way a human brain does.
Silicon-based processors rely on electronics and voltage being ushered through a channel. These semiconductors, which power PCs, tablets and smartphones today, were thought under Moore's Law to double performance every two years with lower costs and size. However, new manufacturing techniques will be needed as Moore's Law hits physical limits.
IBM's discovery, published in the latest edition of Science, flips the current semiconductor manufacturing process. In a nutshell, IBM scientists found a way to power chips with ionic currents, streams of charged molecules that operate in an "event driven" way like the human brain. These processors would likely ride shotgun with silicon-based chips.
Dr. Stuart Parkin, a fellow at IBM Research, explained that his team's research replaced solid gate material in traditional chip processes with a family of liquids that hold its irregular shape at room temperature. "We think this could enable a new class of devices that operate on the flow of small ionic currents instead of electrons," he said. As a result, ionic current chips wouldn't have to be charged on and off like traditional silicon.
In IBM's research paper, the company's scientists explained the following process:
Researchers applied a positively charged ionic liquid electrolyte to an insulated oxide material and successfully converted the material to a conducting metal. The material held its metallic state until a negatively charged ionic liquid electrolyte was applied, to convert it back to its original, insulating state.
The research about metal to insulator transition materials has gone on for years, but IBM found that the removal and injection of oxygen molecules into metal oxides led to the state changes.
The IBM breakthrough wouldn't result in chips that would replace silicon, but create a new class of processors. "It's not a one to one comparison," said Parkin. New devices based on ionic currents would operate more slowly, but perform calculations with much more efficiency. Keep in mind the human brain doesn't run hot and ionic chips wouldn't either. "Our goal is to take inspiration from the human brain," said Parkin. | <urn:uuid:2cc204b6-6696-4662-9dc2-5385d9d837bc> | CC-MAIN-2020-16 | https://www.zdnet.com/article/ibm-materials-breakthrough-could-lead-to-human-brain-like-chips/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585370500426.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20200331084941-20200331114941-00358.warc.gz | en | 0.963201 | 449 | 3.96875 | 4 |
Most people think they know a franchise when they see one. In fact, franchising is a method of distribution, not a particular industry. There is no uniform definition of a franchise. As consumer protection statutes, franchise laws are given a sweeping scope by courts. Consequently, a broad variety of unsuspecting business arrangements may qualify as franchises.
At the most basic level, a franchise is defined by the coexistence of three elements: (1) a grant of rights to use another's trademark to offer, sell, or distribute goods or services (the “grant” or “trademark” element); (2) significant assistance to, or control over, the grantee's business, which may take the form of a prescribed marketing plan or what some jurisdictions more broadly describe as a “community of interest” (the “marketing plan variation” element; and (3) payment of a required fee (the “franchise fee” element). A franchise finding hinges entirely on whether an arrangement fits the applicable statutory definition. If any one statutory element is missing, the relationship is not a franchise.
The legal analysis considers the parties' actual practices, oral as well as written promises, and course-of-dealing evidence. A party cannot avoid a franchise relationship simply by disclaiming its existence. What the parties call themselves is immaterial. While federal and provincial jurisdictions that regulate franchises share common definitional approaches, each jurisdiction has its own definitional subtleties and mix of exclusions and exemptions. What qualifies as a franchise under the federal franchise sales law may not qualify under provincial law definitions, or vice versa. What is a franchise in one province may not be a franchise in all the regulating provinces in which the franchisor operates. Business owners and their advisers are not the only ones confused.
The companies that manufacture and distribute products or services or that license business methods, technology, patents, or trademarks to independent operators, should, as a preliminary matter, consider the possibility of unwittingly creating a franchise. In so doing, they should consult the franchise statutes, judicial opinions, and administrative guides of each jurisdiction in which the parties reside or intend to do business before their client offers an opportunity involving an express or implied trademark license or takes steps to modify or end the relationship.
format franchisee adopts the franchisor's business format and identifies
its independent operation by the franchisor's trademarks, in exchange
for which the franchisee pays the franchisor a fee. The franchisee's
operating methods are subject to significant control by the franchisor
or, alternatively, the franchisor renders significant assistance to the
franchisee in day-to-day operations. Fast food restaurants, convenience
stores, and real estate services are examples of business format
franchises. The product franchisee distributes goods identified by the
franchisor's brand manufactured by, or for, the franchisor. The
franchisee pays a fee for the distribution rights above the wholesale
price of the goods. As with business format franchises, the franchisor
exercises significant control over, or provides significant assistance
to, the franchisee. Automobile and gasoline dealerships and delivery
route distributors are examples of product franchises. | <urn:uuid:3690c2f3-b886-4a8a-968d-1b896977ce50> | CC-MAIN-2017-47 | http://www.pinskylaw.ca/practice/services/business-franchise-licensing.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-47/segments/1510934806844.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20171123161612-20171123181612-00426.warc.gz | en | 0.910019 | 674 | 2.984375 | 3 |
Before the Fort
Around the time of the battle of Hastings in 1066 it is recorded that a small fort occupied castle hill. It it thought that sometime later St Catherine’s Island was established as a place of Christian worship by the creation of a small chapel built on the promontory of the island. Here high above the town perfect solitude could be found. As the tide came in it brought seclusion, the opportunity to communicate with the Creator without interruption.
At some time the ownership passed to the Corporation of Tenby which took possession of a number of crown lands. It is recorded in 1856 that a few sheep inhabited the island an observer described them as “half wild sure footed creatures that run, turn and look, run again and leap from crag to crag almost with the agility of the Alpine Chamois”
The Fort’s Construction
The late eighteen fifties brought considerable fear that the French would invade. Not just in Pembrokeshire but across the whole of the British Empire. Here in Tenby the invasion of the French in Pembroke would still be well remembered. The morning of 22nd February 1797 had seen 1400 French men put ashore at Carreg West Point. The Legion Noire, from the colour of there uniforms, consisted of 600 Soldiers and 800 convicts. Led by William Tate, a fanatical Irish American with a hatred of Britain, he worked under orders to create a revolutionary spark which could bring down William Pitt and the government. Clearly Short of provisions the French raided farm houses before being faced by Lord Cadaw and his hastily mustered force. Resistance ensued but resulted in quick surrender. Lord Cadaw’s diary records “enabled me on the 27th. In the morn to march 505 prisoners from H West to Milford.”
1859-1869 The Royal Commission On The Defences Of The Realm was undertaken. in 1866 The protection of Tenby and its importance as a landing site for Milford Haven and the Royal Dock Yard at “Pater” now Pembroke Dock was considered of vital importance. The construction of the Tenby to Pembroke Dock railway was under way and this would give further increased access to the Royal Dockyard. The fort was ordered as a direct result and the island was sold to the War Office for £800. A line of coast forts and/or batteries along the Pembrokeshire coasts was recommended but in the event only St Catherine’s fort was built protecting the main landing and access zone.
Mr George Thomas of Orielton Terrace Pembroke secured the contract for the construction of the fort. In 1867 work began clearing the site and constructing the slopes and cranes for the mammoth task of lifting solid granite blocks onto the island and up into position to create the state of the art defence.
Designed for 9 guns and to be garrisoned by one hundred men the fort was completed 1870
By 1886 it held a full armament of
- 3×7 Inch R.M.L.South Casemate
- 3×7 Inch R.M.L.North Casemate
- 3×9 Inch R.M.L.Upper Battery
Originally estimated to cost £16,620 by time of completion the actual cost had risen to £40,000 this final price included the cost of the guns and the iron shields installed in the six casemates.
The fort was Designed by Colonel William Jervois The son of General William Jervois KH. In 1856 Jervois was appointed Inspector General of Fortifications at the War Office and in 1859 he was made secretary to the royal commission on the defences of Britain. It was Considered that the threat of invasion from France was credible and that defensive works should be instructed to repel such. A sum of £7,000,000 was raised to cover the cost of such works. Construction began around the country. This far sighted vision strengthened the fortification of the Empire creating a formidable obstacle for the would be invader.
The construction was overseen by:
- Colonel W, Llewelyn Morgan, Royal Engineers
- Captain Fredrick Clements, Royal Engineers
- Sergeant Gibbs Royal Engineers
It’s Military Use
Conflicting accounts exist of when the fort was garrisoned and who may have served within it. The Army had control of the fort from 1887 -1895. The R.N.R. had control of the fort from 1895 –1907. In 1904 they installed a 5 inch B.L.C. on a Youngman’s compression platform on the south side of the island which was apparently used for training.
There is mention that from 1914 to 1918 the fort was garrisoned.
From 1939 to 1945 different detachments served in the fort including the Royal Marines, The Forth Defence Battery R.A., elements of the Belgium Army, The Home Guard, LAA(R.A.) and an R.A.F. ASR detachment.
In 1939 the army were guests of the Windsor Richards family however, after a row with the family the army compulsory purchased the fort in November 1940.
The fort was released by the military after WWII.
Around 1907 the fort was bought by the Windsor Richards family who converted it into a house. This included installing parquet flooring in the casemates and lavish decorative features. They also built a 2 bedroom summerhouse at the front of the island. When the house was compulsory purchased in 1940 the internal fittings were auctioned by Harrods and the catalogue still exists.
After WWII the fort was then acquired by a local solicitor who rented the property, and the travel writer Norman Lewis is recorded as staying there in 1947- 1948. The fort was sold to a Tenby businessman in 1962 and in March 1968 the fort was turned into a zoo. the zoo and had two operators before relocating in 1979. The fort has effectively stood empty since this time. | <urn:uuid:94c97ae6-7af2-43fd-a931-68f5723a9308> | CC-MAIN-2017-13 | http://tenbyisland.co.uk/?page_id=308 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-13/segments/1490218189130.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20170322212949-00586-ip-10-233-31-227.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.974331 | 1,239 | 3.3125 | 3 |
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