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Meaning of Ethics
Business ethics are very important for any organization. Business ethics are moral principles that guide the company to behave in an organized way. Before learning the importance of ethics in business one should know what business ethics is. It is the Business ethics is the study of appropriate business rules and regulations regarding potentially debatable issues, such as corporate governance, insider trading, bribery, discrimination, corporate social responsibility and fiduciary responsibilities (De George, 1982). Business ethics are often guided by law and to gain public acceptance it provides a basic framework. Legal and ethical are two different terms but work together for guiding business operation structure. From this report, readers will be able to understand the organizational ethical issues needed for business operations. Readers will also learn about the implications of business ethics in business operations.
Importance of Ethics in Business World
Ethics is very crucial for our normal life as well as for our professional life. Ethics is the moral philosophy which is very important for any kind of business. In business, ethics include arranging, protecting and mentioning concepts of right and wrong manner in business operations (De George, 1982). As Marks & Spencer is the largest UK retailer shop, they follow the UK parliament’s roles and provisions as well as maintain their own ethical and legal policies. Marks and Spencer started its journey in 1884 with the aim of providing high-quality products and services. Now it has 914 stores and e-commerce markets all over the UK.
Marks and Spencer maintain legal and ethical factors to do business in the right way. They follow all political, social and legal factors. They try to attract consumers through their potential works. They sustain in the market for a long time only for their ethical work (Duska, 2000). They always want to do a valid business. They use all eco-friendly things to wrap their product. Not only wrapping t=but also they maintain their wastage in a systematic drainage system. They do their business as well as they keep an eye on public safety. Public and environment safety is the biggest concern besides their business.
- The ethical issues are the core values of an organization. These issues vary from organization to organization. The different industry has different ethics. For retailer shops, there are some common ethics. Ethics can be two types’ explicit ethics which are written and formatted ethics and the other is implicit ethics which are not written and documented. Business ethics can be applied internally as well as externally. For retailer shops, there are some common ethics like not miss use the company’s assets, not miss interrupted the promotional information, properly maintain the organization and customers’ relationship as well as the relationship of organization and governance, etc. (Duska, 2000). Mark and Spencer is a popular retailer shop. So it follows the general ethics as well as it has some special ethics as a company’s own. To attract customers as well as for the well-being of society they follow those ethics. Mark and Spencer provide the best quality product to their customers. They have an expert team to check the product quality and ensure the management team about the product quality. They always keep focussing on customers’ perceptions, customers’ needs and wants (George, 1994). Besides these the do their business in a manner that is not harmful to the environment.
- There is an extensive series of ethical concerns on business operations. Marks and Spencer focus on professional ethics, employments rights issues; functional ethics, corporate social responsibility, etc. which is very important for this type of business. In these current days business environment ethics like equality; justice and morality which are the main issues that are a pretention difficult problem to the business (George, 1994). Most ultimate ethical issues are built from people’s trust and integrity. Besides, make sure that the action for these ethics should be sound and safe for the environment or ecological system.
Like other organization Marks and Spencer company has few specific goals and objectives. The organization wants to operate in a legal and ethical way. The main goals and objectives of Marks and Spencer are presenting to the below:
- The main aim is to focus on a strategy of “Plan A” by 2020
- It’s a sustainable plan for health and economy
- For reducing the social and environmental footprint of the business, it was taken in 2007.
- Organization’s main concern on a big sale and take the market leader place
- Maintaining product quality and reaching to the customers.
- Gaining profit through meet the customers’ needs with their product.
Email: [email protected] | <urn:uuid:bf7ffc1f-89ee-46f6-a350-77cfbc873e99> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://circlebizz.com/others/importance-of-ethics-in-business-world/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679511159.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20231211112008-20231211142008-00451.warc.gz | en | 0.963021 | 937 | 3.0625 | 3 |
Headlight wiper systems are only seen on a very small portion of vehicles on the road today, which is why most people aren’t aware of how they operate. Their purpose is simply to provide a clean headlight lens for the best view-ability of the road ahead.
How headlight wipers work
Headlight wipers each have a small wiper motor attached to a tiny wiper arm that is mounted directly beside, under, or over the headlight assembly. When the wiper operates, it swipes back and forth over the headlight lens, removing water, dirt and snow. Some headlight wiper systems come equipped with headlight sprayers also which spray washer fluid onto the headlight assembly as the wiper is operating.
The headlight wipers are turned on simply by using your windshield wipers. When the wipers are turned on, the headlight wipers continually operate in the same rhythm as the windshield wipers. If the headlights are equipped with sprayers also, those are controlled by operating the windshield washers.
The headlight wipers are purely a convenience item. If they aren’t operating, your headlights may not shine as brightly, and you will need to get your car washed. If the headlight wipers aren’t working because the windshield wipers aren’t functioning, you’ll need to have the wiper system looked at right away. | <urn:uuid:e15359a6-405e-4c13-b93e-8fac59066b53> | CC-MAIN-2018-39 | https://www.yourmechanic.com/article/how-do-headlight-wipers-work | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267157569.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20180921210113-20180921230513-00321.warc.gz | en | 0.947328 | 292 | 2.640625 | 3 |
ENT is a general term that refers to the ears, nose, and throat. Various ENT problems can be caused by illness or injury, allergies or irritants, or may occur spontaneously without any identifiable cause. The doctor will need to diagnose your condition as soon as possible so they can recommend a course of treatment.
So if you have persistent symptoms that could be related to ENT problems, then please book an appointment with your GP for an assessment. For that matter, Paul Drago MD will explain here the importance of ENT medicine nowadays.
What Is ENT, Anyway?
Ear, nose, and throat (ENT) medicine is a branch of medicine that deals with the ear, nose, and throat. ENT doctors are also called otolaryngologists. They treat a wide range of health conditions generally located in the said body parts, including ear infections, nasal congestion, and sinus problems. Aside from that, they can also treat chronic diseases such as asthma or diabetes if they affect your ears or nose.
Why Does The ENT Doctor Need To See You?
An ENT doctor like Paul Drago MD needs to see you diagnose the problem and prescribe the proper treatment. The doctor will ask questions about your symptoms, including how long they’ve been going on, when they started, and whether or not they come and go. They may also take a medical history of other health problems that you have experienced in the past.
Other than that, the ENT doctor will perform a physical examination of your nose, throat, and ears with an otoscope (a small lighted instrument) or endoscope (a flexible tube with a built-in camera). This allows them to look inside these areas for signs of infection or other problems such as tumors or polyps (growths).
What Can You Do If You Suspect ENT Problems?
If you have any of the ENT symptoms, it’s important to see your ENT doctor right away. Your ENT specialist can help determine whether or not your symptoms are related to an ear problem and if so, what kind of treatment will be most effective.
If you have an earache or pain in one or both ears that lasts more than a few days, make sure to tell your ENT doctor about it when you go in for an appointment. They may want to examine inside your ear canal with a lighted tool called an otoscope before deciding on a course of action with other tests such as X-rays or CT scans if necessary.
Health Conditions Where Ent Medicines Can Help
- Pain and inflammation. ENT medicines may be used to treat pain in the ear and throat. They can also reduce swelling around the nose or mouth as well as other parts of the body (such as joints).
- Allergies. Many people who suffer from seasonal allergies use antihistamines to relieve their symptoms, such as sneezing, runny nose, and itchy eyes/nose area. ENT medicines are also good for treating food allergies because they prevent allergic reactions by blocking substances that are found in foods that cause allergic reactions like peanuts or shellfish (shellfish allergy).
- Some types of antihistamines contain decongestants that shrink swollen tissues such as those found within nasal passages so that you can breathe easier through them if you’re experiencing congestion-related problems due either directly or indirectly due to being sick before taking them (elevated body temperature). | <urn:uuid:ea7080cb-7223-4511-b219-1d62b92825ec> | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | https://coal-seq.com/paul-drago-md-the-importance-of-ent-medicine/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224644571.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20230528214404-20230529004404-00568.warc.gz | en | 0.952424 | 692 | 2.671875 | 3 |
Drinking water is polluted with microplastics worldwide
Microscopic plastic particles and fibers float everywhere in the world's oceans, rivers and freshwater reservoirs. An American research team now addressed the question: If all waters are contaminated by microplastic pollution, could there be plastic in the drinking water? The scientists conducted an observation experiment in which more than 150 tap water samples from cities on five continents were examined. European water was also scrutinized. The results give cause for concern.
The research team was astonished to find that there have been no public research projects on this topic so far, although microplastic particles can be found almost everywhere: in wastewater, in the ocean, in rivers, they even fly through the air as microscopic fibers. According to a study by the School of Public Health at the University of Minnesota, led by Sherri Ann Mason, a pioneer in research into microplastic pollution, plastic pollution is also affecting worldwide drinking water.
Welcome to the plastic age
If researchers later found remains of our culture today, they would certainly call our age the plastic age, because plastic is everywhere. It envelops our meals and streamlines our cars. There are countless plastic items in every household. But these articles are just the tip of the plastic mountain. Because beyond the visible and palpable spectrum is the realm of invisible plastic. Tiny fibers, plastic fragments and chemical by-products get into any body of water - and our drinking water.
The samples come from very different areas
The water samples came from cities such as New Delhi, Jakarta and Beirut as well as from small towns such as Pinebluff in North Carolina with 1,439 inhabitants. The researchers wanted to ensure the greatest possible geographical diversity. Two samples from Germany were also represented. All water samples were analyzed using elaborate and sterile methods in the laboratory of the University of Minnesota to rule out possible additional sources of contamination.
Only 19 percent of the drinking water samples contained no microplastic particles. In thirty-eight percent of the samples, the proportions of the microplastic particles were so small that they could hardly be measured using the methods used. Clear microplastic contamination was found in the remaining samples. The contamination was greatest in samples from the USA and Beirut. Here, 94 percent of the water samples contained microscopic plastic fibers.
Europe had the lowest values
From Europe, eight samples from Slovakia, three from England, two from Germany, two from Switzerland and one each from Ireland, France and Italy were examined. Here the proportion of contaminated samples averaged 72 percent. According to the scientists, no general conclusions can be drawn about the water quality in the individual countries from these results. However, the results would show the urgent need for further investigation.
Research into microplastic pollution is just beginning
"As this is the first global drinking water study of plastic pollution, the results of this study serve as first insight into the consequences of human plastic use and disposal," wrote researcher Mary Kosuth in her report to the non-profit organization "Orb Media", the the study published. Comprehensive assessments of global plastic contamination would require further and more intensive testing.
Researchers call for legal consequences
Professor Sherri Ann Mason oversaw the study. In previous research projects, she has already documented the broad extent of microplastic pollution in large North American waters. Their results have been used to support a partial legal ban on microplastic products in the United States and Canada.
Plastic particles have no geographical or financial limits
The researchers report that this previously unknown contamination opposes both wealth and geography. The number of plastic fibers found in tap water at the Trump Tower in Manhattan would have been no different from the samples from Beirut, Lebanon and Kampala in Uganda.
Unknown health consequences from toxins
Health risks from plastic parts in sea fish and now also in drinking water have been discussed for some time. According to the researchers, a person who drinks two liters of microplastically polluted water a day consumes more than 2,900 plastic particles a year. The scientists suspect that plastic particles can release toxins in the human body. Animal studies on this topic have already shown this. Good conditions for the release are, for example, in the intestine. (vb) | <urn:uuid:0220c69e-d454-4b21-9ff9-d2336cb7ac6b> | CC-MAIN-2020-34 | https://j2gmn.com/8078-plastic-particles-in-drinking-water-how-big-are-the-g.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-34/segments/1596439735881.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20200804161521-20200804191521-00583.warc.gz | en | 0.961851 | 851 | 3.15625 | 3 |
By: Dr. Mohamed Kamel Sabry
Prof. , Head of Dep. of Internal Medicine & Immunology
The doctor might be able to diagnose GERD based on a physical examination and history
of your signs and symptoms.
To confirm a diagnosis of GERD, or to check for complications, your doctor might
•Upper endoscopy. Your doctor inserts a thin, flexible tube equipped with a light and
camera (endoscope) down your throat, to examine the inside of your esophagus and
stomach. Test results can often be normal when reflux is present, but an endoscopy
may detect inflammation of the esophagus (esophagitis) or other complications. An
endoscopy can also be used to collect a sample of tissue (biopsy) to be tested for
complications such as Barrett›s esophagus.
•Ambulatory acid (pH) probe test. A monitor is placed in your esophagus to identify
when, and for how long, stomach acid regurgitates there. The monitor connects to a
small computer that you wear around your waist or with a strap over your shoulder. The
monitor might be a thin, flexible tube (catheter) that›s threaded through your nose into
your esophagus, or a clip that›s placed in your esophagus during an endoscopy and that
gets passed into your stool after about two days.
•Esophageal manometry. This test measures the rhythmic muscle contractions in your
esophagus when you swallow. Esophageal manometry also measures the coordination
and force exerted by the muscles of your esophagus.
•X-ray of your upper digestive system. X-rays are taken after you drink a chalky liquid that
coats and fills the inside lining of your digestive tract. The coating allows your doctor to
see a silhouette of your esophagus, stomach and upper intestine. You may also be asked
to swallow a barium pill that can help diagnose a narrowing of the esophagus that may
interfere with swallowing.
The doctor is likely to recommend that you first try lifestyle modifications and over-thecounter
medications. If you don›t experience relief within a few weeks, your doctor might
recommend prescription medication or surgery.
The options include:
•Antacids that neutralize stomach acid. Antacids, such as Mylanta, Rolaids and Tums,
may provide quick relief. But antacids alone won›t heal an inflamed esophagus damaged
by stomach acid. Overuse of some antacids can cause side effects, such as diarrhea or
sometimes kidney problems.
•Medications to reduce acid production. These medications — known as H-2-receptor
blockers — include cimetidine (Tagamet HB), famotidine (Pepcid AC), nizatidine (Axid AR)
and ranitidine .H-2-receptor blockers don›t act as quickly as antacids, but they
provide longer relief and may decrease acid production from the stomach for up to 12
hours. Stronger versions are available by prescription.
•Medications that block acid production and heal the esophagus. These medications
— known as proton pump inhibitors — are stronger acid blockers than H-2-receptor
blockers and allow time for damaged esophageal tissue to heal. Over-the-counter proton
pump inhibitors include lansoprazole (Prevacid 24 HR) and omeprazole (Prilosec OTC,
Prescription-strength treatments for GERD include:
•Prescription-strength H-2-receptor blockers. These include prescription-strength
famotidine (Pepcid), nizatidine and ranitidine. These medications are generally
well-tolerated but long-term use may be associated with a slight increase in risk of vitamin
B-12 deficiency and bone fractures.
•Prescription-strength proton pump inhibitors. These include esomeprazole,
lansoprazole (Prevacid), omeprazole (Prilosec, Zegerid), pantoprazole (Protonix),
rabeprazole (Aciphex) and dexlansoprazole. Although generally well-tolerated,
these medications might cause diarrhea, headache, nausea and vitamin B-12 deficiency.
Chronic use might increase the risk of hip fracture.
•Medication to strengthen the lower esophageal sphincter. Baclofen may ease GERD by
decreasing the frequency of relaxations of the lower esophageal sphincter. Side effects
might include fatigue or nausea.
Surgery and other procedures
GERD can usually be controlled with medication. But if medications don›t help or you
wish to avoid long-term medication use, your doctor might recommend:
•Fundoplication. The surgeon wraps the top of your stomach around the lower
esophageal sphincter, to tighten the muscle and prevent reflux. Fundoplication is usually
done with a minimally invasive (laparoscopic) procedure. The wrapping of the top part of
the stomach can be partial or complete.
•LINX device. A ring of tiny magnetic beads is wrapped around the junction of the
stomach and esophagus. The magnetic attraction between the beads is strong enough
to keep the junction closed to refluxing acid, but weak enough to allow food to pass
through. The Linx device can be implanted using minimally invasive surgery.
Lifestyle and home remedies
Lifestyle changes may help reduce the frequency of acid reflux. Try to:
•Maintain a healthy weight. Excess pounds put pressure on your abdomen, pushing up
your stomach and causing acid to reflux into your esophagus.
•Stop smoking. Smoking decreases the lower esophageal sphincter›s ability to function
•Elevate the head of your bed. If you regularly experience heartburn while trying to sleep,
place wood or cement blocks under the feet of your bed so that the head end is raised by
6 to 9 inches. If you can›t elevate your bed, you can insert a wedge between your mattress
and box spring to elevate your body from the waist up. Raising your head with additional
pillows isn›t effective.
•Don›t lie down after a meal. Wait at least three hours after eating before lying down or
going to bed.
•Eat food slowly and chew thoroughly. Put down your fork after every bite and pick it up
again once you have chewed and swallowed that bite.
•Avoid foods and drinks that trigger reflux. Common triggers include fatty or fried foods,
tomato sauce, alcohol, chocolate, mint, garlic, onion, and caffeine.
•Avoid tight-fitting clothing. Clothes that fit tightly around your waist put pressure on
your abdomen and the lower esophageal sphincter.
No alternative medicine therapies have been proved to treat GERD or reverse damage to
the esophagus. Some complementary and alternative therapies may provide some relief,
when combined with your doctor›s care.
Talk to your doctor about what alternative GERD treatments may be safe for you. The
options might include:
•Herbal remedies. Licorice and chamomile are sometimes used to ease GERD. Herbal
remedies can have serious side effects and might interfere with medications. Ask your
doctor about a safe dosage before beginning any herbal remedy.
•Relaxation therapies. Techniques to calm stress and anxiety may reduce signs and
symptoms of GERD. Ask your doctor about relaxation techniques, such as progressive
muscle relaxation or guided imagery.
Preparing for your appointment
You may be referred to a doctor who specializes in the digestive system
What you can do
•Be aware of any pre-appointment restrictions, such as restricting your diet before your
•Write down your symptoms, including any that may seem unrelated to the reason why
you scheduled the appointment.
•Write down any triggers to your symptoms, such as specific foods.
•Make a list of all your medications, vitamins and supplements.
•Write down your key medical information, including other conditions.
•Write down key personal information, including any recent changes or stressors in your
•Write down questions to ask your doctor.
•Ask a relative or friend to accompany you, to help you remember what the doctor says | <urn:uuid:937cbbe2-c7ce-4be1-ae6a-d54d44a73821> | CC-MAIN-2019-47 | https://www.utopiapharma.com/content/gerd-0 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-47/segments/1573496671363.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20191122143547-20191122172547-00073.warc.gz | en | 0.884408 | 1,822 | 3.0625 | 3 |
This outlines a simple but effective approach to finding information for your assignment, based on the resources described in the Classics Subject Guide. Depending on your topic and your level of study, you may need to rearrange or review these steps.
It may seem obvious, but the first step is to make sure you understand the topic. Identify the main concepts or keywords in your question to help you develop a search strategy.
See also Library guides:
Work out the types of resources you will need for your assignment. Depending on the topic, you are likely to need some of the following:
Chaining is a well-established and widely used method of gathering additional sources for a topic: Find one important scholarly work on your topic (sometimes called the “seed document”), and follow up the references that it cites in its footnotes, bibliography or list of references. Those cited works will cite other works in turn, which you can also seek out, and so the chain of citations continues.
For the method to work well, it is important to choose the “seed document” carefully. Ideally the “seed” will be a definitive and recent work on the topic, such as a seminal book or a review article. For undergraduate assignments, such a “seed” will often be listed in the Reading List prepared by your lecturer for the course.
The method has one obvious disadvantage: it can only take you backwards to older publications on the topic. It cannot help you discover any new literature and latest research. This drawback is overcome using Cited Reference Searching.
Citation indexes allow you to look forward in time, and find works citing a particular scholarly work (the “seed document”) that were published after the “seed document’s” publication date.
The underlying method is similar to that of “Citation Chaining”: if there is a scholarly work that is prominent in your area of research, it may be useful to identify later works that cite that work.
The most useful citation index for Classics is Google Scholar.
Simple, one-step searching across a range of the Library’s resources, including the Library Catalogue, most library databases, and some digital collections.
MultiSearch (via Summon) – further explanation of this finding tool.
The Library Catalogue lists books held in the Library's collection.
Hints for searching the Library catalogue
The Library Catalogue lists the print and electronic titles of journals held by the Library. Select the Journal title begins with search option and enter the full journal title
To find articles on your specific topic, you will need to search these recommended databases . While none are specific to Classics, all index some classics journals
The Internet can be a rich source of information but not everything will be useful or appropriate for research use. Web resources should be carefully evaluated and used in conjunction with the scholarly resources provided by the Library. Use the Advanced search features of Google or Google Scholar to restrict your search to search results from reputable sources.
For writing and citing, see the Classics Dept Essay Guide
The Writing Guides for Classics page lists books that have useful advice for writing on arts subjects.
Remember to avoid plagiarism by citing all the sources of information you use in your essay.
See also the Library's online tutorial: | <urn:uuid:e816b2a9-e441-459f-b717-d7befee0a8dc> | CC-MAIN-2018-26 | http://canterbury.libguides.com/clas/assignment-research | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-26/segments/1529267860570.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20180618144750-20180618164750-00121.warc.gz | en | 0.921898 | 681 | 3.3125 | 3 |
- Get Involved
CADDO MILLS, TX
CADDO MILLS, TEXAS. Caddo Mills is at the intersection of State Highway 66 and Farm Road 36, eight miles southwest of Greenville in southwestern Hunt County. Caddo Indians were early inhabitants and camped in the area near the banks of Caddo Creek. The first arrived in the late 1850s. Twenty years later I. T. Johnson and Henry King built a gristmill a mile west of the present townsite. Shortly thereafter, a store opened and a community developed. Residents in the area referred to the community as Caddo Mills, after Johnson and King's gristmill. On June 16, 1879, a post office opened. By the early 1880s the settlement had 100 residents, three churches, a school, and at least a dozen businesses. In 1886 the tracks of the Missouri, Kansas and Texas Railroad reached the area. As a depot of the Katy, Caddo Mills grew rapidly over the next few decades. By 1892 the number of businesses doubled and the population increased to 500. In 1897 the Caddo Mills Banner began weekly publication. The State National Bank opened in 1905. The town's population reached 700 on the eve of World War I, then fell to 600 in the 1920s. By the early 1940s Caddo Mills had incorporated; the population was reported as 390 and the number of businesses as twenty. The population reached 680 by 1964 and 1,302 by 1988. In 1990 it was 1,068, and in 2000 it was 1,149.
BIBLIOGRAPHY:W. Walworth Harrison, History of Greenville and Hunt County, Texas (Waco: Texian, 1976).
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For more information go to: http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/17/107.shtml
If you wish to use copyrighted material from this site for purposes of your own that go beyond fair use, you must obtain permission from the copyright owner.
The following, adapted from the Chicago Manual of Style, 15th edition, is the preferred citation for this article.Handbook of Texas Online, David Minor, "CADDO MILLS, TX," accessed June 24, 2019, http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/hjc01.
Uploaded on June 12, 2010. Published by the Texas State Historical Association. | <urn:uuid:ddb8918f-1978-4e1f-9575-b8f06fbe360d> | CC-MAIN-2019-26 | https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/hjc01 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560627999298.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20190624084256-20190624110256-00195.warc.gz | en | 0.951028 | 598 | 2.71875 | 3 |
Due to the rapid growth of internet censorship and the shocking hike in cyber threats and cyber criminal activities, VPNs have become the main interest for millions of internet users around the world. A Virtual Private Network, or simply “VPN” works by creating a secure and hidden tunnel within the internet through which your data traffic is routed before it reaches the desired destination. This is done by using a cluster of strong encryption algorithms and protocols to hide your real IP address and replace with another one (fake IP) so it would apprear as if you are browsing for an entirely different location than the actual location you are browsing from. In this way, you will become anonymous on the internet to your ISP, government, attackers, etc. Moreover, VPNs are used to bypass geo-restrictions enforced by some countries or online services, like: Netlfix.
In this guide, we will show you how to manually configure a VPN connection on Windows 10.
Creating a VPN Connection on Windows 10
1- Go to “Start” menu, and then click on “Settings”.
2- Click on “Network and Internet”.
3- On the left pane, you will find several options, choose “VPN”. Once you click on “VPN”, all the related settings will be displayed on the right pane.
4- Next, click on the “+” sign next to “Add a VPN Connection”.
5- Expand “VPN Provider” and select “Windows Default”.
6- Type in a name for your VPN connection in the “Connection Name” field. Make sure to choose a proper name for your VPN to be able to easily identify it later. Moreover, some VPN services require using specific names for the VPN connection to help them collect information needed as per their agreements policy. In this case, you need to contact your VPN service provider first to make sure that you use the correct name for your VPN connection.
7- Type in the IP address provided to you by your VPN service provider in the “Server Name or Address” field. If you are unable to identify it, kindly contact your VPN’s customer support because you cannot create a VPN connection on Windows 10 without providing this information.
8- Expand the “VPN Type” field and select the encryption tunneling protocol you want to use for your VPN connections (e.g: PPTP). If you are not sure about choosing an encryption protocol, you can select “Automatic” and Windows 10 will automatically the right protocol for you.
9- Type in a username and password in the “username” and “password” fields. If you are worried that you might forget your user ID or password in the future, you can simply scroll down and check on the box that says “Remember my sign in information“.
10- Click on “save“, and then click on “back“. You will be re-directed to the “Add VPN” page in which you will find your newly created VPN connection right under the “Add VPN” button.
Congratulations! You have successfully created a VPN connection on Windows 10. You will notice 3 buttons affiliated with your VPN connection (Connect, Advanced & Remove). In order to connect to your VPN, click on the “Connect” button. However, if you want to delete it, simply click on “Remove” and it will be deleted for your system. As for the “Advanced” button, it will direct you to another page through which you can configure proxy settings (not recommended). | <urn:uuid:27c5e597-70dd-47aa-96a6-91dc937ddcbd> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.vpnanswers.com/set-vpn-connection-windows-10/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474523.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20240224044749-20240224074749-00119.warc.gz | en | 0.906208 | 764 | 3.046875 | 3 |
A few years ago, I swiped a note as it passed from one first grade girl to another. I was curious. What could first grade girls possibly write about in a note?
I opened the note and immediately questioned my ability to teach writing. It said, Nst Nst Nst. What? I called the girls over and asked them to read it. With guilty eyes, they looked at each other, then to me, and in unison started techno rave music singing “nnst nnst nnst.” I bit my tongue to hold back the laughter.
Something recently reminded me of the story as my family sat at the dinner table, and I shared. I then asked my teenage stepson if he passed notes, and his response was priceless and made me feel old. “Nobody passes notes anymore. We text.” And with the eye roll that preceded his statement, I tried to imagine what texting does to a classroom.
I work with elementary students, and we rarely if ever deal with cellphone drama. Some colleagues tell me notes are found on occassion, but it is an ancient artform. What I hear from my middle and high school friends is that cellphones are the ultimate evil. I’ve seen videos and TV shows demonstrate speed texting without looking, but I don’t believe it is done in class without being obvious. Really?
So I wonder..
- What’s your policy on note passing, or is it just texting these days?
- Do you even encounter notes anymore thanks to technology?
- Are phones taken away?
- How often does it occur?
- How does it affect your teaching?
Scarily, I know texting will eventually make it’s way to the elementary classroom, so I appreciate the heads up advice.
Interesting essay samples and examples on: https://essays.io/questionnaire-examples-samples/ | <urn:uuid:7924ac4f-c50d-402d-9713-0c197a503e35> | CC-MAIN-2022-05 | https://www.catholiccollegestudents.org/the-ancient-art-of-note-passing/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-05/segments/1642320305423.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220128074016-20220128104016-00584.warc.gz | en | 0.966751 | 403 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Receiving treatment for addiction is a long-term process, requiring a substantial treatment plan. Those suffering from addiction must seek care from rehabilitation facilities, but also maintain long-term relapse prevention strategies. If you or a loved one is looking to receive help for a serious addiction problem, create a plan of care to continue past the initial treatment phase. If you are looking for help establishing a short- and long-term plan of care, contact us at the Intervention Helpline for guidance. We have helped thousands of patients regain and maintain their sobriety.
Serious Addiction Treatment Plans
Individuals suffering from serious addiction problems require long-term care to prevent potential relapse. Addiction issues are deep-rooted in habits and behaviors, requiring continual care. Too often, patients seek treatment from 30- or 90-day rehab programs but don’t plan for intensive care after. Patients will continually need to seek treatment past the initial phase to break the cycle of addiction.
The Process Of Drug And Alcohol Dependency Rehabilitation
Individuals seeking treatment for an addiction will begin treatment with the detoxification process. For those patients with serious addictions, detox takes place at an inpatient facility. Once the detox process finishes, the patient will move on to inpatient or outpatient treatment. This step involves a thorough physical and psychological evaluation. Patients suffering from addictions frequently have a dual-diagnosis of addiction and mental health issues. When a dual-diagnosis is present, the recommendation is for inpatient treatment.
During the initial treatment phase, patients undergo a variety of therapies, which can include individual, group, and behavioral. Many rehabilitation programs offer holistic methods as outlets of expression. Common holistic therapies include equine, art, music, or performing arts. If the patient has a dual- diagnosis, a prescription treatment for psychological health may begin.
Rehabilitation Aftercare Program
Upon completion of the first phase of treatment, patients and families must continue a journey of recovery. The challenges of addiction will remain long after the initial rehabilitation phase. Recovery monitoring is a method for ensuring the maintenance of goals and avoidance of relapse. The program will monitor the patient throughout the process to make sure he or she is responding appropriately to treatment. If there are lapses or changes needed, adjustments can be made to better suit the patient.
Why Relapse Prevention Is So Important
Patients participating in long-term addiction treatment plans have a better chance at successful recovery. Relapse rates are even lower for those patients with monitored long-term care plans. Patients without formal long-term treatment plans can gradually fall back into old habits, prompting relapse. A relapse prevention program will guide the recovery every step of the way, setting incremental goals relative to treatment. Monitored relapse prevention programs allow for patients and families to consistently evaluate their progress to determine which methods are effective. Without monitoring long-term treatment, patients can continue with ineffective treatment, yet never adjust. It’s critical to have individualized, effective care during this stage of recovery.
Long-Term Rehabilitation Plans
Aftercare programs all focus on the prevention of relapse and development of new, healthy habits. There are various forms of treatment available, allowing for personalization by patients and families. It’s important to note that if patients feel a line of treatment isn’t effective, changes can be made along the way. The road to recovery is difficult but the patient should always feel that they are making progress.
Sober Living Options
After the initial rehabilitation treatment, some patients choose to enter sober living facilities. Also known as ‘halfway houses,’ these facilities offer residential living in a drug and alcohol-free environment. Other residents are present, allowing for a strong support base for patients. Some sober living facilities are inpatient, requiring patients to remain on the premises. Other facilities allow for tenants to continue their jobs and normal lives, providing a supportive environment to come home to at night. Rules and philosophies vary by facility.
Addiction Recovery Support Groups
There is an abundance of support groups available, including 12-step programs, secular groups, and other collaborative efforts for social support. Those recovering from addictions can attend the group sessions daily or weekly. Many groups assign members mentors to help guide patients in relapse avoidance.
During recovery, one-on-one or group counseling is a recommendation. If the patient carries a dual diagnosis, counseling becomes more important. Participation in counseling helps patients to learn new behaviors, thought patterns, methods of expression, and coping mechanisms. Learning a new set of life skills is key to avoiding relapse.
Often, patients shun holistic therapies without understanding their intent. These therapies can help patients learn new methods of self-expression, create new interests, and focus on things other than past addictions. Popular methods include yoga, meditation, equine therapy, art, music, and performing arts therapy. These treatments are complementary to other forms of therapy and work with the intent to address destructive behaviors.
The first year of recovery is often the most difficult and should include intense, long-term therapies. Like the initial rehabilitation treatment, there are no one-size-fits-all methods for recovery. Patients and families will work to discover the methods most effective for their circumstances. If relapse does occur, it doesn’t always mean the patient must start at the beginning of treatment. Sometimes, long-term treatment plans are amended to better meet the needs of the patient. Frequent monitoring of the program will allow patients to understand when treatments are ineffective, prompting changes before a relapse occurs.
Finding Help For Long-Term Rehabilitation Planning
If you or a loved one is struggling with addiction, call us at the Intervention Helpline. Our trained case managers will help you and your family with every aspect of recovery, from detox to long-term maintenance programs. We will work as your advocate during the process, helping you to establish goals, maintain sobriety, and design a treatment plan just for you. The Aftercare Program will provide you with ongoing sobriety support and help amend treatment plans when necessary. Call us today to begin planning for your short- and long-term treatment plan. | <urn:uuid:2c724cc0-6118-4cf8-b7d4-910641a813b2> | CC-MAIN-2020-16 | https://interventionhelpline.com/blog/creating-long-term-addiction-treatment-plans-for-relapse-prevention/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585370510352.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20200403061648-20200403091648-00459.warc.gz | en | 0.912318 | 1,253 | 2.59375 | 3 |
On this page:
- Definition of the adjective algebraic
- Phrases with Algebraic
- Printed dictionaries and other books with definitions for Algebraic
- Online dictionaries and encyclopedias with entries for Algebraic
- Photos about Algebraic
- Video language resources about Algebraic
- Quotes about Algebraic
- Scrabble value of A1L1G2E1B3R1A1I1C3
- Share this page
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Definition of the adjective algebraic
What does algebraic mean as an attribute of a noun?
- of or relating to algebra
Alternative definition of the adjective algebraic
- Of, or relating to, algebra.
- [mathematics, of an expression, equation, or function] Containing only numbers, letters, and arithmetic operators.
- [mathematics, of a number] Which is a root of some polynomial.
- [chess, of notation] Describing squares by file (referred to in intrinsic order rather than by the piece starting on that file) and rank, both with reference to a fixed point rather than a player-dependent perspective.
Algebraic a.k.a. Algebraic definition: In mathematical logic, an algebraic definition is one that can be given using only equations between terms with free variables. Inequalities and quantifiers are specifically disallowed.
- read more about Algebraic definition
Phrases with Algebraic
- algebraic number
- Algebraic integer
- Algebraic equation
- Algebraic function
- Algebraic Geometer
- Algebraic geometry
- algebraic language
- Algebraic topology
- Algebraic structure
- Algebraic number theory
- Linear Algebraic
Printed dictionaries and other books with definitions for Algebraic
Click on a title to look inside that book (if available):
Ship Stability & Trim (1918)
by Percy A. Hillhouse
The word ' algebraic means that the moments of all elements on one side of the axis must be regarded as positive, and all those on the other side as negative. The 'algebraic sum of all elementary moments is then the numerical difference ...
Comprising Definitions of All the Terms Employed in Mathematics - an Analysis of Each Branch, and of the Whole, as Forming a Single Science by Charles Davies
Such equations are called algebraic. Higher or Transcendental Algebra treats of those quantities which cannot be exactly expressed by a finite number of algebraic terms, and which are therefore called transcendental. It also investigates the ...
by Eric W. Weisstein
Algebraic Integer Cox, D.; Little, J.; and O'Shea, D. Ideals, Varieties, and Algorithms: An Introduction to Algebraic Geometry and Commutative Algebra, 2nd ed. New York: SpringerVerlag, 1996. Eisenbud, D. Commutative Algebra with a View ...
The Mathematics Dictionary (1992)
by R.C. James, Glenn James
algebraic statement that x + x + x = 3.t, where x is any number.
by McGraw-Hill Education
algebraic language for unknown quantities. 2. The study of the formal manipulations of equations involving symbols and numbers. 3. An abstract mathematical system consisting of a vector space together with a multiplication by which two ...
Online dictionaries and encyclopedias with entries for Algebraic
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Photos about Algebraic
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Video language resources about Algebraic
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- Basic Algebraic Vocabulary
- MS 6 Math Algebraic Vocabulary
This video goes along with Common Core Math 6 Unit 6: Algebraic Expressions.
- Algebraic Expression Vocabulary (L2.2)
This video reviews the definition of term, coefficient, constant term, and factor. Video content created Jenifer Bohart, William Meacham, Judy Sutor, and Donna ...
- Ex: Algebraic Expression Vocabulary
This video reinforces the vocabulary of term, constant term, coefficient, and factors.
- Algebraic Vocabulary Foldable
- Algebraic terminology
- 2 2 Algebraic Expression Vocabulary
- Algebraic Meaning
Video shows what algebraic means. Of, or relating to, algebra.. or function|lang=en}} Containing only numbers, letters and arithmetic operators.. Which is a root ...
- ICSE CBSE Class 7 Maths - 03 - Algebric Expression Definition (Ch: Algebraic expressions)
- 6.EE.2.b Algebraic Vocabulary
Examples and descriptions for expressions, terms, variables, coefficients, constants and equations are given.
- Precalc 1.5 - Inverse Functions - Definition, Numerical, Algebraic
- 6.EE.2 - Visual Vocabulary - Algebraic Expression
- Vocabulary for Algebraic Expressions 1.8
Understand the terminology for working with algebraic expressions.
- Algebraic Reasoning - Creating A Vocabulary Graphic Organizer.webm
- Math Terminology: finding the number of terms in an algebraic expression
- Use the subtraction definition to simplify algebraic expressions #9
- [ChoiTube] Basic Geometry Vocabulary & Algebraic Proofs
- 10 Vocabulary variable, constant, coefficient, term, algebraic exp
- Definition of Terms in Algebraic Expressions
Microlecture created by Union County College faculty. Funded by the Title V STEMpact Grant.
- Use the subtraction definition to simplify algebraic expressions #10
- A new algebraic approach for the description of robotic manipulation tasks
This video accompanies the paper "A new algebraic approach for the description of robotic manipulation tasks." Here follows the abstract: "This paper introduces ...
- Algebraic Expression Language of Mathematics
- Odd and even functions algebraic description
View more videos about Algebraic number, Linear Algebraic, Algebraic integer, Algebraic equation, Algebraic function, Algebraic geometry, Algebraic Language, Algebraic structure, and Algebraic Definition.
See also the pronunciation examples of Algebraic!
Quotes about Algebraic
If there are four equations and only three variables, and no one of the equations is derivable from the others by algebraic manipulation then there is another variable missing. (Talcott Parsons)
more quotes about algebraic...
Scrabble value of A1L1G2E1B3R1A1I1C3
The value of this 9-letter word is 14 points. It is included in the first and second editions of the Official Scrabble Players Dictionary.
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Go to the usage examples of Algebraic to see it in context! | <urn:uuid:a4b0018f-e379-40d8-a151-ecdb20199087> | CC-MAIN-2017-17 | http://www.omnilexica.com/?q=Algebraic | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917121153.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031201-00031-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.841038 | 1,509 | 3.203125 | 3 |
A Level Sociology Independent Research Induction Task
You need to choose one of the following four options and produce a report 750-1000 words. Each option is based on a topic found in A1 and A2 Sociology units. It does not matter which one you choose. Web links and basic reading is identified below each option. You will however be expected to extend your reading using the library resources and undertake some primary research (questionnaires, interviews etc.)
OPTION 1: Young People do not Care about Politics. Evaluate this view. | <urn:uuid:afd05df7-d1dc-47fb-a160-7d1b7857dcb7> | CC-MAIN-2018-26 | http://www.educationforum.co.uk/sociology_2/indstarter.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-26/segments/1529267863939.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20180620221657-20180621001657-00321.warc.gz | en | 0.917995 | 110 | 2.609375 | 3 |
INTERNATIONAL TEA DAY was first observed in Delhi, India back in December 15th 2005 and migrated to countries like Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Nepal, etc. International Tea Day aim to draw global attention of governments to the impact the global tea trade on workers and growers, and has been linked to requests for price supports and fair trade.
Tea drinking began in China for medical purposes. The simple mixing of tea herbs with boiling water has helped relieve many ailments. Tea helps to rejuvenates the weak body after a long day of work.
The health benefits of tea are numerous like, Tea help to reduce blood sugar level, it helps improve gut health, helps reduce blood pressure, and it reduces the risk of strokes and cancer too.
“In India, TEA is not just a beverage, it’s an EMOTIONS.”-Akhilasoukhya
There are quite a few Emotions (varieties) of Tea:
Black Tea is the
“You can’t buy Happiness, but you can buy tea and that’s kind of-Akhilasoukhya
Oolong tea is the product made from the leaves, buds, and stems of the Camellia Sinensis plant which is the same plant that is also used to make black tea and green tea, while some people take Oolong Tea by mouth to sharpen thinking skills and improve alertness.
“Tea is the solution to all problems.”_Akhilasoukhya
Green tea, native to China and India, has been consumed and hailed for its health benefits for centuries across the world. Green tea has extensively been used for medical purposes.
“We are par-tea people!”-Akhilasoukhya
The least strong tea which is known for its rich aroma and flavor is a mild beverage with high amount of anti-oxidants and is appreciated by tea connoisseurs for its unmatched subtlety, complexity and natural sweetness.
“Tea is liquid wisdom”-Akhilasoukhya
Apart from the above mentioned, tea can also be classified regionally so hence,
Butter tea or “gur-gur”, as it is known in the Ladakhi language, is a beverage popular in the Himalayan regions. It is traditionally made from tea leaves, butter, water, and salt. Himalayan nomads are known to drink almost 40 cups a day.
Another is Masala Chai which is common in the urban parts of our country, it is the usual tea with a twist of classic Indian masala and ginger to give it its unique taste.
Assam tea, as its name suggests, is a black tea native to Assam. The tea is known for its body, briskness and strong malty flavour. Darjeeling tea is famous all over the world. It has many varieties, including black, green, oolong, and white. Typically, Darjeeling tea is thin bodied and has a distinct aromatic smell. A tea that soothes the senses, you could say.
Nilgiri tea, also known as blue mountain tea, is grown in the southern part of the Western Ghats. It is a dark, flavourful and extremely aromatic tea
On the occasion of INTERNATIONAL TEA DAY we have given you a tour of all the tea. Comment down below, let us know which is your favourite? | <urn:uuid:faef04db-5550-450c-b512-be1c86732eca> | CC-MAIN-2020-10 | https://akhilasoukhya.in/category/food/beverages/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875145910.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20200224071540-20200224101540-00341.warc.gz | en | 0.958438 | 718 | 2.765625 | 3 |
Michael Heizer (American, born 1944) made Scrap Metal Drypoints using salvaged waste aluminum and zinc from the California aeronautical industry. He cut disks from sheets that bore evidence of physical wear and chemical reactions—scratches, scrapes, oxidation, and corrosion. Disk sizes were calculated according to a geometric theorem that dictates spatial equivalence: this—the combined surface area of the smaller segments—equals that—the surface area of the large circle. Heizer had been exploring variations of this geometric theorem in monumental earth projects and massive public sculptures such as This Equals That, 1976–1980. The plates for the Scrap Metal Dypoints were cut to size, and Heizer arranged the parts to illustrate the theorem in six permutations. The plates were inked and printed using a high-pressure hydraulic newspaper press. The series has, in Heizer’s words, “a pulse” conveyed by the rhythmic relationship between the parts and wholes and the diverse markings of the plates. Despite their junk yard origins, the Scrap Metal Drypoints evoke natural forms, large and small—lunar landscapes, microorganism colonies, or crystalline morphology—as well as ancient megalithic monuments.
Michael Heizer, Scrap Metal Drypoints, 1978
“We are a piecemeal society. We make big things out of little things. Our buildings are millions of fragments stuck together.”—Heizer, 1983
Aerial view of Michael Heizer, This Equals That, 1976–1980, State Capital Complex, Lansing, Michigan, commissioned by the state of Michigan. Photograph by Balthazar Korab. | <urn:uuid:ec198629-cdf0-4d32-bc4a-8c07b01657b8> | CC-MAIN-2021-17 | https://www.nga.gov/features/the-serial-impulse/michael-heizer.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-17/segments/1618038056869.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20210410105831-20210410135831-00421.warc.gz | en | 0.923252 | 339 | 3.0625 | 3 |
What makes soils in Utah different from other parts of the country?
According to Dr. Richard Koenig Ph.D., Utah State University Soils specialist , “We are cursed with more soil variability along a mile transect than most Midwestern states have from border to border.” In general, however, coarse textured soils (sandy loams and loamy sands) are found on the higher benches and canyon washout plains, while f ine textured soils (clay loams and silt loams) are found in the lower areas adjacent to and west of I-15.
The other major difference in Utah and western soils in general, is their alkalinity.
We do not add lime to our soils! The majority of Utah soils have pH values in the 7.8-8.1 range – approximately 85% of samples. Generally bench soils will range from 7.5-8.0 while those in the lower areas will range from 7.8-8.1. Roses prefer a pH of 6.0-6.5. These extremes of pH will alter nutrient availability. In particular, at pH levels of 7.0 and above, phosphorus, iron, copper, zinc, boron and manganese become less available.
That said, how do we improve the soil we are blessed or cursed with?
A good garden soil is deep, loose, fertile, well drained, near neutral pH and has lots of decayed organic matter. The four main components of good soil are 5% organic matter, 25% air, 25% water and 45% mineral matter. Utah soils typically contain less than 1% organic matter. Whether your soil is sandy or mostly clay, the way to improve either soil is the same, add Organic Matter! Sandy soil will hold water and nutrients better, while clay soils will benefit by separation of its fine particles by coarse organic matter.
Begin your soil improvement by incorporating 2-3 ” of organic matter into the soil. Add 1-2″ yearly as a top dressing. In heavy clay soils, it may take 2-3 years to see much of an improvement. The organic matter may be compost, leaf mold, bark products (soil pep),peat moss, grass clippings, or green manure crops.
The best way to find out exactly where you stand with regards to your soil is to have it tested. Utah State
University soils lab can do the testing for you. For information on where to pick up the soil test kits call the USU Extension office in your county: Salt Lake County (801) 468-3170, Weber County (801) 399-8200, Utah County (801) 370-8479, Davis County (801) 451-3409. They also have facts sheets on how to take a soil sample. The soil test will tell you your phosphorus and potassium levels, your pH, salt levels and lime (calcium) content. Results will be sent to your residence. Soil may be tested any time of the year.
Peat moss, compost , and other organic matter will help moderate pH.
The fertilizer ammonia sulfate will add nitrogen as well as lower the pH. Sulfur may be used, but it is only marginally effective on soils that are high in lime (calcium). To lower the pH from 7.5 to 6.5 add a minimum of 1.5# of sulfur per 100 square feet. To lower the pH from 8.0 to 6.5 add a minimum of 3.5# of sulfur per 100 square feet. Remember the basics of good soil, water and sun and your roses will be beautiful!
As you can see we take pride in knowing that you have spent your money on quality. www.chrisjensenlandscaping.com
Got Any Questions about how to join or about the Utah Rose Society in general? | <urn:uuid:1a86d7bc-7fee-4b52-8dd8-bb219e523b9b> | CC-MAIN-2018-05 | https://chrisjensenlandscaping1.wordpress.com/wasatch-front-soils/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-05/segments/1516084887065.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20180118032119-20180118052119-00691.warc.gz | en | 0.916051 | 800 | 2.875 | 3 |
Understanding the Impact of Apartheid on South African Social Investment
Although Apartheid ended 20 years ago, recovery from its systematic racial discrimination is a difficult and on-going process. Apartheid literally means “apartness” and was a system of government implemented in South Africa between 1948 and 1994 that separated people according to race in every aspect of daily life, entrenching white minority rule and discriminating against non-white population groups.
South Africa’s new constitution is founded on the values of human dignity and the advancement of human rights and freedom. Its Bill of Rights is the most far-reaching document of its kind in the world, incorporating both individual rights and freedom of expression and socio-economic rights. Yet on the ground, change happens slowly. For example, although the average income of black households has increased by 169 percent in the last 10 years, the average white household still earns six times more than its black equivalent. While South Africa’s democratic legislature is undoubtedly progressive and efforts are being made to redress historical inequalities, there is still a long way to go.
One of the key developments of the past few years has been the creation of the National Development Plan (NDP) by the South African government, aimed at eliminating poverty and reducing inequality by 2030 by drawing on the energies of the population, growing an inclusive economy, building capabilities, enhancing the capacity of the state, and promoting leadership throughout society. Perhaps most importantly, the NDP calls for all South Africans to play a role in building the country’s future through partnership and collaboration. CSI is seen as a critical avenue to promote these goals. Grantees can use it as a tool to communicate their impact to broader audiences. It also helps our team understand what value the investment created without needing to read through detailed information about the work.
Takeaways are critical, bite-sized resources either excerpted from our guides or written by Candid Learning for Funders using the guide's research data or themes post-publication. Attribution is given if the takeaway is a quotation.
This takeaway was derived from Communication That Counts. | <urn:uuid:b5947835-240a-4c41-85d9-80db60609d40> | CC-MAIN-2022-21 | https://learningforfundersdev.candid.org/content/takeaways/understanding-the-impact-of-apartheid/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662529658.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20220519172853-20220519202853-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.955687 | 425 | 3.71875 | 4 |
Speaking recently at the National Conservatism Conference in Miami, Peter Thiel, an investor and intellectual, made a provocative argument. He suggested that California suffers from a “tech curse”: a play on the “resource curse”, the notion that countries with abundant natural resources often have weak economies and corrupt political systems. If data is the new oil, then California is the new Saudi Arabia—even, he said, if things aren’t quite “as bad as Equatorial Guinea”.
Mr Thiel made the Equatorial Guinea comparison with tongue firmly in cheek, but he was deadly serious about the tech-curse theory. At first glance it seems plausible. California’s tech industry has in recent years produced astonishing wealth. The state is also in many ways dysfunctional. Parts of downtown San Francisco resemble an open-air drug den. Many of the state’s public schools seem keener on talking about social justice than teaching children. Each year, one in every 100 Californians, on net, leaves for another state.
Mr Thiel thinks that California’s poverty and prosperity are two sides of the same coin, with state and local governments providing the link. Public-sector employees draw on tech’s enormous tax revenues to overpay themselves and do no work, he says. The state’s tech moguls in effect buy off politicians, ensuring, for example, that they enact super-restrictive planning regulations to keep house prices high.
It is in vogue to criticise both California and tech: doing both at the same time left the audience in raptures. There is also a grain of truth to what Mr Thiel says. But there are two big problems with his theory.
Take the benefits offered by California’s tech industry first. Tech has, in fact, turned the state into a growth superstar, not a laggard. In the past five years, California’s state-level gdp has grown by 18%, the fourth-fastest rate in the country and a better performance than either Florida or Texas (see chart). Even subtracting tech, California’s growth was above average, according to our calculations. Less fashionable industries such as chemicals manufacturing have also done well in recent years.
Many of the proceeds of this growth have gone on enormous mansions in Atherton and Los Altos, but they have also trickled down to a greater extent than Mr Thiel appreciates. Just over a decade ago the median Californian household had an income 7% higher than the median American one. Now their income is 15% higher. The unemployment rate, relative to the national average, has fallen. So has poverty. And there is little to suggest that the decline in joblessness or poverty is caused by poor people leaving the state.
Mr Thiel also overstates tech’s costs. It is true that some of California’s politicians behave with nearly as much impunity as the Saudi elite. Yet anyone with a passing knowledge of Californian history knows that dirty dealing in politics long predates tech. San Francisco’s politics today is tame in comparison with the 1970s.
It is similarly hard to blame tech for California’s housing market. The ratio of California’s average house price to America’s is much lower than in the mid-2000s. Meanwhile, California’s anti-building rules, the cause of sky-high prices, emerged with the environmentalist movement of the 1970s, not Mark Zuckerberg and Elon Musk. There is a lot to dislike about Big Tech, but it is not as malign as Mr Thiel believes. ■
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Leave a Reply | <urn:uuid:22ec60db-8408-4298-bf88-bbb47da1f407> | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | https://newszents.com/peter-thiel-says-california-suffers-from-a-tech-curse-is-he-right/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224643585.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20230528051321-20230528081321-00523.warc.gz | en | 0.955461 | 776 | 2.625 | 3 |
Many people believe prayer is a
way to communicate directly with a spiritual energy or higher being. Prayer can
be silent, as in meditation, or spoken aloud in a group, as in a religious
setting. Prayer may help people find an inner sense of meaning, or it may
strengthen their belief in a higher being. Prayer may feel very supportive to
people faced with life-changing problems, such as cancer.
religions view prayer as a powerful tool in helping a wide range of physical or
Prayer can be an expression of gratitude or a
sincere request for help. You can use prayer for a positive outcome in a
situation or for inner strength during difficult times in life.
Health benefits, such as lower blood pressure, increased longevity, and
reduced risk for depression, may occur in people who regularly practice their
spiritual faith or who are part of a religious community.
Some people believe prayer has the
power to heal physical and mental illness. Some claims of medical "miracles"
have been attributed to the use of prayer. Some people, depending on their
belief in prayer, may experience a feeling of inner strength or power when they
engage in prayer.
Some studies that measured the effect of prayer
have shown positive health effects. Other studies are inconclusive.1
When combined with conventional medical
treatment, prayer is not thought to have any negative side effects or
complications. Prayer can be used alongside conventional treatment, but not in
place of it.
Always tell your doctor if you are using an
alternative therapy or if you are thinking about combining an alternative
therapy with your conventional medical treatment. It may not be safe to forgo
your conventional medical treatment and rely only on an alternative
CitationsRoberts L, et al. (2009). Intercessory prayer for the alleviation of ill health. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (3).Other Works Consulted Freeman L (2009). Spirituality and healing. In L Freeman, ed., Mosby’s Complementary and Alternative Medicine: A Research-Based Approach, 3rd ed., pp. 485–518. St. Louis: Mosby Elsevier.Murray MT, Pizzorno JE (2006). Spirituality and
healing. In JE Pizzorno Jr, MT Murray, eds., Textbook of Natural Medicine, 3rd ed., vol. 1, pp. 519–531. St. Louis: Churchill
June 29, 2011
Adam Husney, MD - Family Medicine & Marc S. Micozzi, MD, PhD - Complementary and Alternative Medicine
To learn more visit Healthwise.org
© 1995-2012 Healthwise, Incorporated. Healthwise, Healthwise for every health decision, and the Healthwise logo are trademarks of Healthwise, Incorporated. | <urn:uuid:1f35d135-c9a5-4b8a-8915-197b495e4ecd> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.cardiosmart.org/healthwise/aa14/0317/spec/aa140317spec | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279923.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00309-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.893927 | 593 | 2.734375 | 3 |
In the time of King Herod, after Jesus was born in Bethlehem of Judea, wise men from the East came to Jerusalem, asking, “Where is the child who has been born king of the Jews? For we observed his star at its rising, and have come to pay him homage.” When King Herod heard this, he was frightened, and all Jerusalem with him; and calling together all the chief priests and scribes of the people, he inquired of them where the Messiah was to be born.
They told him, “In Bethlehem of Judea; for so it has been written by the prophet: ‘And you, Bethlehem, in the land of Judah, are by no means least among the rulers of Judah; for from you shall come a ruler who is to shepherd my people Israel.’”
Then Herod secretly called for the wise men and learned from them the exact time when the star had appeared. Then he sent them to Bethlehem, saying, “Go and search diligently for the child; and when you have found him, bring me word so that I may also go and pay him homage.”
When they had heard the king, they set out; and there, ahead of them, went the star that they had seen at its rising, until it stopped over the place where the child was. When they saw that the star had stopped, they were overwhelmed with joy.
On entering the house, they saw the child with Mary his mother; and they knelt down and paid him homage. Then, opening their treasure chests, they offered him gifts of gold, frankincense, and myrrh. And having been warned in a dream not to return to Herod, they left for their own country by another road.
New Revised Standard Version, copyright 1989, by the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the United States of America. Used by permission. All rights reserved. USCCB approved.
In Christian theology, to glorify a person means to draw the attention and praise of others to that person. For example, if I try to get people to notice how wise and generous my friend is, then I am glorifying my friend.
St. Ignatius Loyola liked to remind Christians that our fundamental mission is to glorify God. Just as Jesus did, we labor to draw people’s attention to the God who loves them.
God made an irrevocable commitment to the human race by becoming a human being in Jesus. Now the task of Christians is to spread the word, so that people can rejoice in that truth.
On the feast of the Epiphany, Christians remember the three wise men who came from afar to praise the Christ child, and who then returned to their own countries to spread the word. Epiphany marks the beginning of God’s glorification.
GLORY be to God for dappled things—
For skies of couple-colour as a brinded cow;
For rose-moles all in stipple upon trout that swim;
Fresh-firecoal chestnut-falls; finches’ wings;
Landscape plotted and pieced—fold, fallow, and plough;
And áll trádes, their gear and tackle and trim.
All things counter, original, spare, strange;
Whatever is fickle, freckled (who knows how?)
With swift, slow; sweet, sour; adazzle, dim;
He fathers-forth whose beauty is past change:
—Gerard Manley Hopkins, SJPlease share the Good Word with your friends! | <urn:uuid:7c8bc957-7029-42ab-8edf-813a63ae14c6> | CC-MAIN-2020-29 | https://prayudj.org/2018/01/07/?arcf=cat:43 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593657143354.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20200713064946-20200713094946-00145.warc.gz | en | 0.972694 | 744 | 3 | 3 |
This calculator provides your child's weight percentile based on stature. Stature is upright height or standing straight height. The percentile shows how your child's weight compares to other children of the same height. The percentile tells you what percentage of children weigh less than your child. For example out of a sample of 100 children, a percentile value of 40 percent means your child weighs more than 40 children and weighs less than the other 60 children.
A percentile of 50% represents the average or mean weight. A value below 50 percent means a child weighs less than the average. A value greater than 50 percent means a child is above average. This does not mean your child is overweight or underweight. A doctor or physician should be consulted to determine weight status.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data. Hyattsville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2008 http://www.cdc.gov/growthcharts/
The United States Center for Disease Control (CDC) recommends using the World Health Organization (WHO) charts for the first two year of life (0 to 2 years). After two years, it is recommended to return to the CDC charts.
Use this calculator at your own risk. This calculator may or may not be accurate or reliable. By using this calculator you acknowledge any reliance on this calculator shall be at your sole risk.
AJ Design Software
Technical Tools, Specifications, How to Guides, Training, Applications, Examples, Tutorials, Reviews, Answers, Test Review Resources, Analysis, Homework Solutions, Help, Data and Information for Engineers, Technicians, Teachers, Tutors, Researchers, K-12 Education, College and High School Students, Science Fair Projects and Scientists | <urn:uuid:7685761f-8c53-4cca-96ae-7624a471d6d1> | CC-MAIN-2017-22 | http://www.infantchart.com/child/childrenweightstature.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-22/segments/1495463607120.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20170522211031-20170522231031-00174.warc.gz | en | 0.887794 | 375 | 3.125 | 3 |
Famous Composers & Christmas Music
Many famous composers wrote classic Christmas music.
In 1741, George Frideric Handel wrote his oratorio Messiah.
In 1734, Johann Sebastian Bach wrote his Christmas Oratorio.
Twenty years after composer Johann Sebastian Bach died, Ludwig van Beethoven was born in Bonn, Germany, and baptized on DECEMBER 17, 1770.
While Bach lived during the Baroque period, Beethoven lived in the Classical and the Romantic eras.
Beethoven was a pupil of the Austrian composer Joseph Haydn.
Hayden performed on Christmas Day, December 25, 1781, during the reign of Austrian Emperor Joseph II -- the "musical king" -- at the occasion of the visit to Austria of Russian grand duke Paul I and grand duchess, Maria Feodorovna.
In attendance at the performance was another Austrian composer, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, who had performed on Christmas Eve the night before.
Another contemporary was composer Felix Mendelssohn, grandson of the Jewish philosopher Moses Mendelssohn.
Felix wrote the tune which was used for Charles Wesley's "Hark! The Herald Angels Sing."
Beethoven encouraged the young Hungarian pianist Franz Liszt, who wrote his Christmas Tree Suite in 1873-76.
Another contemporary was Austrian composer Franz Schubert, who wrote the tune to which "Ave Maria" was set.
Ludwig van Beethoven was first taught to play by his harsh father, who became an alcoholic.
After his mother died, Beethoven took responsibility to support the family.
Whereas composers Bach and Handel both went blind later in life due to botched eye-cataract surgeries, young Beethoven began growing deaf at the age 26, initially having difficulty hearing higher frequencies.
In 1801, Beethoven was giving piano lessons to an upper-class Hungarian countess and they fell in love.
He was not allowed to marry her, though, as he was just a commoner from a lower-social class.
Beethoven later dedicated his "Moonlight" Sonata No. 14 to her.
In 1801, Beethoven wrote:
"No friend have I. I must live by myself alone; but I know well that God is nearer to me than others in my art, so I will walk fearlessly with Him."
In 1804, Beethoven planned to dedicate his Third Symphony to Napoleon, who championed the cause of the people against powerful monarchs.
But when it became clear Napoleon had plans to usurp power and declare himself emperor, Beethoven scratched his name off the title page so violently a hole was made in the paper.
On August 11, 1809, while Beethoven was living with his younger brother Carl and his wife in Vienna, Napoleon bombarded the city.
The thunderous cannon explosions were so loud that Beethoven feared it would destroy what was left of his hearing, so he hid in his brother's cellar and covered his ears with pillows.
Beethoven's brother, Carl, contracted tuberculosis, and Beethoven spent a small fortune caring for him.
When Carl died, Beethoven became part guardian of his son, Karl.
Beethoven appealed to his other brother Johann to marry the woman he was co-habitating with.
In 1811, with his hearing fading, Beethoven failed at an attempt to perform his Piano Concerto No. 5.
He never performed publicly again.
He continued writing and produced some of the world's most beautiful symphonies, concertos and sonatas.
In 1812, Beethoven met with German author Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.
Beethoven finished his famous Ninth Symphony being completely deaf.
At the conclusion of the Ninth Symphony's first public performance, Beethoven turned around to see the audience applauding tumultuously, but he could hear nothing, and wept.
Beethoven's Ninth Symphony included a 4th movement which was a choral setting of Friedrich Schiller's "Ode to Joy," a poem first published in 1786 and made the Anthem of Europe in 1972.
Beethoven fell ill, and died during a storm on March 26, 1827. At the moment of his death there was an immense peal of thunder.
He was 56 years old.
Ludwig van Beethoven was an inspiration to composer Robert Schumann.
Robert Schumann composed an "Album for the Young" for Advent and Christmas 1848.
Johannes Brahms had a marble bust of Beethoven in his home overlooking the spot where he composed.
Brahms wrote the most recognizable Lullaby, 1868, which included in the original German words a Christmas reference:
"Guten Abend, gute Nacht (Good evening, good night.)
von Englein bewacht (By angels watched,)
die zeigen im Traum (Who show you in your dream)
dir Christkindleins Baum (the Christ-child's tree.)
Schlaf nun selig und süß (Sleep now blissfully and sweetly,)
schau im Traum 's Paradies" (see the paradise in your dream.)
On Christmas morning, 1870, composer Richard Wagner arranged for an ensemble to give surprise performance of "Siegfried Idyll" as a birthday present to his wife, Cosima, after the birth of their son Siegfried.
That same year, 1870, Richard Wagner wrote an essay commemorating the one hundredth anniversary of Beethoven's birth:
"Surveying the historical advance which the art of music made through Beethoven, we may define it as ... far beyond the region of the aesthetically beautiful, into the sphere of the sublime."
Communist leader Vladimir Lenin, quoted by Maxim Gorky in "V.I. Lenin" (1924), stated:
"I know of nothing better than (Beethovan's) "Appassionata" and could listen to it every day. What astonishing, superhuman music! It always makes me proud, perhaps with a childish naiveté, to think that people can work such miracles! ...
But I can't listen to music very often, it affects my nerves. I want to say sweet, silly things, and pat the little heads of people who, living in a filthy hell, can create such beauty.
These days, one can't pat anyone on the head nowadays, they might bite your hand off. Hence, you have to beat people's little heads, beat mercilessly, although ideally we are against doing any violence to people ... hm - what a devilishly difficult job!"
President Jimmy Carter noted while visiting Bonn, July 14, 1978:
"As the world's people speak and work and live together, we all could well remember the poem of Friedrich Schiller, immortally put to music by the great Beethoven, a son of Bonn, the 'Ode to Joy':
'Alle Menschen werden Bruder Wo dein sanfter Flitg el weilt.'"
('All mankind shall be brothers where thy gentle wings abide.')
Not only was Friedrich Shillers's "Ode to Joy" set to Beethoven's Ninth, but so was "Joyful, Joyful We Adore Thee," a hymn written in 1907 by Princeton professor Henry Van Dyke:
Joyful, joyful, we adore Thee,
God of glory, Lord of love;
Hearts unfold like flowers before Thee,
opening to the sun above.
Melt the clouds of sin and sadness;
drive the dark of doubt away;
Giver of immortal gladness,
fill us with the light of day!..
Thou art giving and forgiving,
ever blessing, ever blessed,
Wellspring of the joy of living,
ocean depth of happy rest!
Thou our Father, Christ our Brother,
all who live in love are Thine;
Teach us how to love each other,
lift us to the joy divine."
Sixteen years after Beethoven's death, in 1843, another famous Christmas carol was composed.
A parish priest in Roquemaure, France, wanting to celebrate the renovation of the church organ, asked poet Placide Cappeau to write a Christmas poem, "O Holy Night."
Set to music by Adolphe Adam, "O Holy Night" became one of the most beautiful Christmas carols of all time.
John Sullivan Dwight published an English singing version in 1855.
"O holy night! The stars are brightly shining,
It is the night of our dear Saviour's birth.
Long lay the world in sin and error pining,
'Til He appear'd and the soul felt its worth.
A thrill of hope the weary world rejoices,
For yonder breaks a new and glorious morn.
Fall on your knees! O hear the angels' voices!
O night divine, O night when Christ was born;
O night divine, O night, O night Divine."
The Russian composer Peter Ilich Tchaikovsky was inspired by Mozart and Beethoven, writing in his autobiography:
"I would play through my beloved Don Giovanni (by Mozart) over and over again ...
From time to time, though, I would set about studying a Beethoven symphony.
How strange! ... I was filled with a burning desire to write a symphony — a desire which would erupt afresh each time that I came into contact with Beethoven's music. However, I would then feel all too keenly my ignorance, my complete inability to deal with the technique of composition, and this feeling brought me close to despair."
Tchaikovsky wrote the timeless Christmas classic Nutcracker Suite, which was performed for the first time in Saint Petersburg in December of 1892.
At the end of 1843, another timeless addition to the holidays occurred when Charles Dickens published "A Christmas Carol."
It sold 6,000 copies in London the first day off the press.
In its opening chapters, Scrooge chased away Christmas carolers:
"... at the first sound of -- 'God bless you, merry gentlemen! May nothing you dismay!' --
Scrooge seized the ruler with such energy of action, that the singer fled in terror, leaving the keyhole to the fog and even more congenial frost."
Charles Dickens wrote of Scrooge after his transformation:
"... and it was always said of him, that he knew how to keep Christmas well, if any man alive possessed the knowledge. May that be truly said of us, and all of us!
And so, as Tiny Tim observed, 'God bless Us, Every One!'"
Supreme Court Justice Robert Jackson wrote in McCollum v. Board of Education, 1948:
"It would not seem practical to teach ... the arts if we are to forbid exposure of youth to any religious influences.
Music without sacred music ... would be ... incomplete, even from a secular point of view."
(Get William J. Federer's book There Really is a Santa Claus -History of Saint Nicholas & Christmas Holiday Traditions www.AmericanMinute.com) | <urn:uuid:b3dcd461-3156-422b-b49b-10c0eb71eda4> | CC-MAIN-2020-40 | https://newsmaven.io/americanminute/world-history/famous-composers-christmas-music-olzlWd2N20engIdG0-1w2g | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-40/segments/1600400206329.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20200922161302-20200922191302-00493.warc.gz | en | 0.962252 | 2,367 | 3.296875 | 3 |
What are Hot Flashes?
Hot flashes are sudden sensations of heat most commonly felt in the face, neck, and chest. They can cause a reddening of the skin that resembles blushing and can lead to sweating that can also cause chills afterward. If they occur when you are sleeping, they are referred to as “night sweats”.
Hot flashes are most commonly a symptom of menopause and can vary in intensity as well as frequency. While the specific cause of hot flashes isn’t known, hormonal changes can cause the body to be particularly sensitive to variations in temperature.
The occurrence of hot flashes can vary from woman to woman and can occur a few times every week to several an hour. Treatments are available for bothersome hot flashes. | <urn:uuid:fd9b8ffa-b93e-491f-876a-e6b1f0f25ae9> | CC-MAIN-2022-05 | https://www.nm.org/conditions-and-care-areas/womens-health/hot-flashes | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-05/segments/1642320306346.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220128212503-20220129002503-00374.warc.gz | en | 0.960821 | 159 | 2.765625 | 3 |
Officials at the Department for Communities and Local Government have bungled their attempt at honouring Yorkshire Day by flying the area's famous white rose flag upside down, traditionally a signal of distress. The flag was hoisted earlier to mark Yorkshire Day.
The Yorkshire Ridings Society explains on its website that the heraldic rose of Yorkshire can be used either way up, but the traditional way of flying the flag is with one white petal to the top, rather than two.
Communities Secretary Eric Pickles earlier released a statement about the flying of the flag and the day's celebrations saying "It gives me immense pleasure to see the flag of the county of my birth, Yorkshire, raised to celebrate Yorkshire Day."
More top news
Residents are being warned to take immediate action as a severe flood warning has been issued for Boroughbridge in North Yorkshire.
Flags on civic buildings in Leeds have been lowered to half-mast as a mark of respect to those affected by the Westminster terror attack.
The Wonderlab attraction will host 20 permanent exhibits as the venue is renamed the National Science and Media Museum. | <urn:uuid:582033da-d4ca-4bcd-93a3-de19ee6c3388> | CC-MAIN-2017-13 | http://www.itv.com/news/calendar/update/2013-08-01/bungling-officials-fly-yorkshire-flag-upside-down-in-london/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-13/segments/1490218186841.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20170322212946-00209-ip-10-233-31-227.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.953231 | 220 | 2.609375 | 3 |
'Church of St. Anne and St. Bernardine' Vilnius
The first church at this site, constructed of wood, was built for Anna, Grand Duchess of Lithuania, the first wife of Vytautas the Great. Originally intended for the use of Catholic Germans and other visiting Catholics, it was destroyed by a fire in 1419. The present brick church was constructed on the initiative of Grand Duke of Lithuania Alexander in 1495–1500; the exterior of the church has remained almost unchanged since then. A reconstruction of the church, funded by Mikołaj "the Black" Radziwiłł and Jerzy Radziwiłł, was carried out following severe fire damage, in 1582. Most recent reconstruction followed in 2009.
The Bernardine Church, or Church of St. Francis and St. Bernardine as it is also known, is located beside the Church of St. Anne. It contrasts drastically with the tall, spired, Gothic St. Anne's, with it's more subtle, Renaissance styling. During Soviet times, the Franciscan monks were force to abandon the church and go underground and the church was turned into a warehouse. However, after independence was restored, the monks restores and the church is now, again, a place of worship. | <urn:uuid:392358e4-0122-4297-8716-605d6025f3db> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://cc.bingj.com/cache.aspx?q=%2Banna+grand+duchess+of+lithuania+map&d=4941806618086023&mkt=en-US&setlang=en-US&w=cw7GZVt_GIrHRhfj_8vozkJfT6Il5t3r | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141718314.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20201203031111-20201203061111-00576.warc.gz | en | 0.979791 | 262 | 2.75 | 3 |
Every aspect of your life is affected by sleep – or lack of it, from looking and feeling your best to your having a healthy romantic relationship to meeting your goals at work. But in today’s fast-paced, multi-media, mega-worry world, it’s hard to get enough shut-eye with all the to-dos on our lists every day. Unfortunately, sleep deprived has become the norm.
Insufficient sleep is a huge problem – so much so that the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) declared it a public health epidemic similar to the warnings issued about smoking cigarettes decades ago. The statistics are shocking and have been sounding the alarm for years. In 2009, a CDC analysis reported: “among 74,571 adult respondents in 12 states, 35.3% reported <7 hours of sleep during a typical 24-hour period, 48.0% reported snoring, 37.9% reported unintentionally falling asleep during the day at least once in the preceding month, and 4.7% reported nodding off or falling asleep while driving at least once in the preceding month.” That’s just plain scary!
The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration estimates that 100,000 crashes are the direct result of driver fatigue in the U.S. each year resulting in an approximately 1,550 deaths, 71,000 injuries, and $12.5 billion in monetary losses. A sleep-deprived workforce is less productive, less safe, and more expensive.
Do you want a sleepy doctor performing your surgery, or pilot flying your plane, or bus driver picking your kid up for school?
Too Little Sleep Makes You Sick
On an individual level, sleep deprivation can have serious short-term and long-term consequences. After just one night of skimping on sleep, the results can be seen in delayed reaction times, glucose levels, mood, headache, impaired memory, and hormone balances. One study showed that one week of sleeping fewer than six hours a night resulted in changes to more than 700 genes.
Another Swedish study saw changes in men’s brains after not sleeping for just one night indicative of brain shrinkage and damage similar to a brain injury. Yikes! Many studies have linked ongoing insufficient sleep with heart disease, diabetes, depression, early death, and a higher risk for Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, stroke, some cancers, and multiple sclerosis.
Too Little Sleep Makes You Fat
Not getting enough sleep also contributes to packing on the pounds. Research shows that after a night of insufficient sleep, people have higher levels of a hunger hormone and decreased levels of the fullness hormone. Other research shows that too little sleep plays havoc with your fat cells, making them less sensitive to insulin, which could lead to obesity and type 2 diabetes. When people weren’t getting enough sleep, they were more likely to reach for high-calorie carbs and didn’t have the impulse control to turn down that piece of cake.
Too Little Sleep Makes You Stupid
Lack of sleep slows down your thinking, impairs your memory, concentration, judgment, and decision-making, impedes learning, and contributes to depression. Sleep is absolutely essential for your brain to work properly because during sleep your brain is busy processing information, consolidating memories, making connections, and clearing out toxins. When asleep, your brain does its housekeeping and not having adequate time to do this could potentially accelerate neurodegenerative diseases.
Recent research shows that not getting enough sleep may actually shrink your brain.
Sleep needs vary with age and circumstances, but generally, everyone needs seven to nine hours a night for their brain and body to perform best. And while the number of horizontal hours is important, the quality of your sleep is just as important. Several times each night, your brain cycles through different stages of sleep, which determine the quality of your sleep. After an initial five to ten minutes in stage one, your brain moves into a deeper stage two, and over the next hour, it goes to stages three and four, in which the electrical activity slows way down. After slow-wave sleep, your brain progresses into REM (rapid eye movement) sleep, in which it becomes a lot more active.
Your brain runs through the all the sleep cycles sequentially about every 90 minutes, then starts over again at the beginning. So, if you don’t sleep contiguously and don’t get to go through the entire cycle, your snooze is less restorative to your brain. The quality of your sleep suffers, and you’ll feel it the next day even though the number of hours you slept may be OK.
Good Sleep Is All About Your Habits
To get quality Zs, you need to practice good sleep hygiene habits, just like dental hygiene. Sleep hygiene is made up of your actions before sleep and your sleep environment – including cutting out the things that might disturb sleep. While improving sleep hygiene won’t take care of all your sleep problems, studies show that it can certainly help.
Some good sleep hygiene habits are:
- Don’t nap during the day. Although I do love my naps, if you’re having trouble sleeping at night, it’s probably not a good idea. Naps can disturb your normal pattern of sleep and wakefulness.
- Avoid caffeine, nicotine, and alcohol too close to bedtime. Even if you can fall asleep with a caffeine buzz, caffeine disrupts the sleep cycle and reduces the quality of your sleep. While alcohol can speed up the onset of sleep, it disrupts sleep later as the body begins to metabolize the alcohol, causing arousal. And remember, chocolate and many other foods have caffeine.
- Exercise for quality Zs. Physical activity improves sleep by helping to synchronize circadian rhythms, reducing stress, decreasing REM sleep, and causes many favorable neurochemical changes in your brain. However, exercising too close to bedtime can rev you up and keep you awake. Vigorous exercise is best in the morning or late afternoon. A relaxing exercise, like yoga, can be done before bed without a problem.
- Limit food and drink before sleep. Stay away from large meals close to bedtime as digestion can interfere with sleep and your bladder can wake you up. Also, dietary changes can cause sleep problems. If you are struggling with a sleep issue, it’s probably not a good time to start experimenting with spicy dishes.
- Get more natural light. Getting out in the sunshine during your day will boost serotonin, a good-feeling neurochemical, which improves melatonin release, allowing your brain to shut down and sleep. Avoid bright lights and electronic screens – including phones – after the sun goes down because they can throw off your biological clock and sleep.
- Establish a regular bedtime routine. This can be the usual little things, like brushing your teeth, washing your face, or reading for a few minutes. Meditating or praying is a great bedtime ritual. Try to avoid heavy conversations and emotional activities before bed. Make it a rule not to bring your problems to bed with you. You need a calm brain for quality sleep.
- Associate your bed with sleep. It’s not a good idea to use your bed to surf the net, check your phone, watch TV, or listen to music. (Sex is OK though!) If you use the space only for sleeping, your brain will associate it with sleep.
- Ensure that your sleep environment is relaxing and free of disturbances. Make sure your bed is comfortable and the room temperature isn’t too hot or cold. An uncomfortable brain is an active brain. It will also help if your bedroom is really dark with no LEDs emitting light to disturb your subconscious brain. White noise is OK, but other noise, like a TV or music, will hurt your sleep quality because your brain registers it even if it doesn’t wake you. | <urn:uuid:ecff7eec-bb16-4917-b652-13b4dbcf3533> | CC-MAIN-2019-22 | https://www.thebestbrainpossible.com/skimping-on-sleep-can-make-you-sick-fat-and-stupid/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-22/segments/1558232257845.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20190525004721-20190525030721-00375.warc.gz | en | 0.934977 | 1,630 | 2.515625 | 3 |
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How to write a conclusion for a research paper the conclusion of a research paper needs to summarize the content and purpose of. How to write a good conclusion for a research paper many students dread writing the conclusion paragraphs for their research conclusion paragraph to your. Quick essay writing service writing a conclusion to a research paper data analysis section of dissertation help with dissertation generate mla or apa. | <urn:uuid:382c10d7-5c68-4085-b2fa-d647ce1d16cc> | CC-MAIN-2018-09 | http://fftermpapersycz.n2g.us/conclusion-for-research-paper-mla.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-09/segments/1518891811655.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20180218042652-20180218062652-00156.warc.gz | en | 0.857063 | 532 | 2.765625 | 3 |
The Yarlung Tsangpo is the part of Brahmaputra River that flows through Tibet, known by its Tibetan name. It originates at Angsi Glacier in western Tibet southeast of Mount Kailash and Lake Manasarovar. It later forms the South Tibet Valley and Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon before passing through the state of Arunachal Pradesh, India, where it is known as Siang.It is sometimes called Yarlung Zangbo or Yarlung Zangbo Jiang . The part Tsangpo denotes a river flowing from or through Tsang, meaning Tibet west of Lhasa.
Downstream from Arunachal Pradesh the river becomes wider and at this point is called the Siang. After reaching Assam, the river is known as Brahmaputra. From Assam, the river enters Bangladesh at Ramnabazar. From there until about 200 years ago it used to flow eastward and joined the Meghna River near Bhairab Upazila. This old channel has been gradually dying now. At present the main channel of the river is called Jamuna River, which flows southward to meet Ganges, which in Bangladesh is called the Padma.
When leaving the Tibetan Plateau, the Yarlung River flows in the world’s largest and deepest canyon, Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon. The gorge has been described as “the highest river in the world” by the organizers of a kayaking expedition, although it’s not clear from their press release what definition was used.
The Yarlung Tsangpo River is the highest major river in the world. Its longest tributary is the Nyang River. In Tibet the river flows through the South Tibet Valley, which is approximately 1,200 kilometres (750 mi) long and 300 kilometres (190 mi) wide. The valley descends from 4,500 metres (14,800 ft) above sea level to 3,000 metres (9,800 ft). As it descends, the surrounding vegetation changes from cold desert to arid steppe to deciduous scrub vegetation. It ultimately changes into a conifer and rhododendron forest. The tree line is approximately 3,200 metres (10,500 ft).Sedimentary sandstone rocks found near the Tibetan capital of Lhasa contain grains of magnetic minerals that record the Earth’s alternating magnetic field current.
The basin of the Yarlung River, bounded by the Himalayas in the south and Kang Rinpoche and Nyenchen Tanglha Mountains in the north, has less severe climate than the more northern (and higher-elevation) parts of Tibet, and is home to most of the Autonomous Region’s population (Lhasa City, Shigatse, Lhoka, and Nyingchi Prefectures).
The Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon, formed by a horse-shoe bend in the river where it leaves the Tibetan Plateau and flows around Namcha Barwa, is the deepest, and possibly longest canyon in the world. The river has been a challenge to whitewater kayakers because of the extreme conditions of the river.
The Yarlung Tsangpo River has three major waterfalls. The largest waterfall of the river, the “Hidden Falls”, was not publicized in the West until 1998, when its sighting by Westerners was briefly hailed as a “discovery.” They were even portrayed as the discovery of the great falls which had been the topic of stories told to early Westerners by Tibetan hunters and Buddhist monks, but which had never been found by Western explorers at the time. Chinese authorities protested, however, saying that Chinese geographers, who had explored the gorge since 1973, had already taken pictures of the falls in 1987 from a helicopter.
Note : The above story is based on materials provided by Wikipedia | <urn:uuid:c0323541-e878-4981-9d0b-b31893221d6a> | CC-MAIN-2021-39 | https://www.geologypage.com/2014/11/yarlung-tsangpo-river.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780053759.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20210916204111-20210916234111-00336.warc.gz | en | 0.967363 | 808 | 3.484375 | 3 |
Get it straight: The difference between Veterans Day and Memorial Day
(CNN) — We are here to make sure you don’t embarrass yourself.
Veterans Day is an annual event, but inevitably, someone says something demonstrating confusion over the difference between Veterans Day and Memorial Day.
Allow us to explain it to you.
This federal holiday falls on November 11 and is designated as a day to honor all who have served in the military. According to Military.com, Veterans Day began as Armistice Day to honor the end of World War I, which officially took place on November 11, 1918.
“In 1954, after having been through both World War II and the Korean War, the 83rd U.S. Congress — at the urging of the veterans service organizations — amended the Act of 1938 by striking out the word “Armistice” and inserting the word “Veterans,” the site says. “With the approval of this legislation on June 1, 1954, November 11 became a day to honor American veterans of all wars.”
Celebrated the last Monday in May, Memorial Day is the holiday set aside to pay tribute to those who died serving in the military.
The website for the United States Department of Veterans Affairs recounts the start of Memorial Day this way:
“Three years after the Civil War ended, on May 5, 1868, the head of an organization of Union veterans — the Grand Army of the Republic (GAR) — established Decoration Day as a time for the nation to decorate the graves of the war dead with flowers. Maj. Gen. John A. Logan declared that Decoration Day should be observed on May 30. It is believed that date was chosen because flowers would be in bloom all over the country.”
The passage of the National Holiday Act of 1971 by Congress made it an official holiday.
Just for good measure, we will also throw in some information about Labor Day because, believe it or not, we’ve seen folks thanking troops on that holiday. Labor Day, the first Monday in September, honors the contributions of American workers, not the military. | <urn:uuid:ba0323d1-d87a-4ab2-93ae-1da519da54ec> | CC-MAIN-2019-43 | https://fox6now.com/2014/11/11/get-it-straight-the-difference-between-veterans-day-and-memorial-day/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-43/segments/1570986675316.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20191017122657-20191017150157-00100.warc.gz | en | 0.957445 | 444 | 3.015625 | 3 |
Automatic recording of fish heart rate on a personal computer
MetadataShow full item record
Original versionThis report is not to be cited without prior reference to the authors
From acoustic tags operated into fish in a closed system, the heartbeat signals are sent via underwater telemetry and counted on a personal computer. The computer removes false pulses caused by noise, and calculates the heart rate for one minute based on reliable heartbeats. Up to 6 fish can be monitored in a sequence of one minute per fish. The heart rate is stored on a file, or transferred to another computer. | <urn:uuid:1a3d7b71-0f71-49d5-b459-4825bfebd6cb> | CC-MAIN-2018-22 | https://brage.bibsys.no/xmlui/handle/11250/104420 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-22/segments/1526794867977.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20180527004958-20180527024958-00385.warc.gz | en | 0.874051 | 117 | 2.859375 | 3 |
Ceremonies in southern Thailand marking the 10th anniversary of the 2004 earthquake and tsunami brought together hundreds of Thais, foreigners and dignitaries. But as Ron Corben reports for VOA from Bangkok, experts say despite millions of dollars spent on early warning systems, shortcomings remain in the region's disaster preparedness.
In Thailand's southern Phang Nga Province, ceremonies marking the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami tragedy were held near a marooned Thai police boat left inland by the waves' force a decade ago.
The late afternoon observance, led by Thai Prime Minister Prayut Chan-o-cha, brought together survivors, family members and dignitaries from the 14 foreign countries whose nationals perished.
More than 2,200 foreigners, mostly tourists in Thailand for the Christmas holidays, perished near Phang Nga. More than 1,000 victims came from Germany (534) and Sweden (526) alone. In Thailand altogether 5,400 people lost their lives, 2,500 of them Thai nationals.
Other victims came from Finland, Britain, and Switzerland, as well as Australia, Korea, Japan and the United States. Hundreds of Myanmar migrant workers also perished.
Across the region, 230,000 people lost their lives; 130,000 in the Indonesian province of Banda Aceh, which bore the brunt of the tsunami's power.
The tragedy triggered a massive international effort to put in place early warning systems in order to prevent such a loss of life reoccurring. The systems were set up across more than two dozen countries along with monitoring buoys afloat ready to gauge sea movements.
In the Asia Pacific region, earthquakes and tsunamis have claimed more than 910,000 lives since 1970. But there are fears now of growing complacency among local populations and governments.
Shamika Sirimanne, who focuses on disaster risk reduction at the United Nations Economic Commission for Asia and the Pacific, says governments need to spend more to avoid a repeat of the 2004 disaster.
"Take disaster (concerns) into the august halls of finance and planning so that they are aware that there are a huge amount of investments that need to be done and there's end to end early warning systems need to be put in place - a lot more needs to be done - this is an unfinished agenda."
Thai meteorologist Samith Dharmasaroja had warned of a potential disaster in the Asia Pacific from an earthquake and tsunami prior to the 2004 tragedy. Now Samith says there is inadequate maintenance of the early warning systems.
"The warning system that I installed - almost 100 warning centers at the Southern part of Thailand, south western part - nobody takes any responsibility, no body (carries out) any maintenance; the warning tower and they have no routine maintenance for each tower."
Thailand's top forensic scientist Pornthip Rojanasunand, spent almost six weeks in Southern Thailand working on victim identification with teams of international scientists and police. She says local police and communities remain unprepared for a future disaster.
"For the part immediately after the incident I think no; we still can't cope with that kind of incident - I mean in the large scale after the tsunami. The police still wait. The (forensic) knowledge of this kind of work will gradually disappear. The one's from the tsunami have to rotate and some retire. So in the future we still have a problem."
A sophisticated early warning system, costing more than $400 million is in place across 28 countries. But public education is lacking on the system is lacking and parts of it just don't work.
When an 8.6-magnitude quake struck Indonesia's Banda Aceh province in 2012, people panicked and shunned all purpose-built shelters. Instead they clogged roads to escape, while a network of warning sirens failed, remaining silent. | <urn:uuid:c756fe9f-cd22-4c6a-a6a6-466abf5a2c66> | CC-MAIN-2017-34 | https://www.voacambodia.com/a/thailand-hold-tsunami-ten-year-anniversary/2575017.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-34/segments/1502886105326.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20170819070335-20170819090335-00282.warc.gz | en | 0.944309 | 790 | 2.75 | 3 |
From Science Daily, 09.07.08:
A Virtuous Cycle: Safety In Numbers For Bicycle RidersGreat news from Australia, confirming earlier research by Peter Jacobsen and others, that motorists adjust their driving behavior in the presence of bicyclists. This research will help bolster advocacy arguments for enhanced bicycling facilities and encouragement.
It seems paradoxical but the more people ride bicycles on our city streets, the less likely they are to be injured in traffic accidents.
International research reveals that as cycling participation increases, a cyclist is far less likely to collide with a motor vehicle or suffer injury and death...And it's not simply because there are fewer cars on the roads, but because motorists seem to change their behaviour and drive more safely when they see more cyclists and pedestrians around.
Studies in many countries have shown consistently that the number of motorists colliding with walkers or cyclists doesn't increase equally with the number of people walking or bicycling. For example, a community that doubles its cycling numbers can expect a one-third drop in the per-cyclist frequency of a crash with a motor vehicle.
"It's a virtuous cycle," says Dr Julie Hatfield, an injury expert from UNSW who address a cycling safety seminar in Sydney, Australia, on September 5. "The likelihood that an individual cyclist will be struck by a motorist falls with increasing rate of bicycling in a community. And the safer cycling is perceived to be, the more people are prepared to cycle." (Read more.)
The researchers also suggested policy makers emphasize the positives of bicycling--fun and health--rather than safety concerns: "We should create a cycling friendly environment and accentuate cycling's positives," said Dr. Chris Rissel. "Rather than stress negatives with 'safety campaigns' that focus on cyclists without addressing drivers and road conditions. Reminding people of injury rates and risks, to wear helmets and reflective visible clothes has the unintended effect of reinforcing fears of cycling which discourages people from cycling."
Amen to this. Stop perpetuating the myth of bicycling as a dangerous activity. Leave your helmet at home.
Image: Web capture. Sunday Streets in San Francisco.
Visit: Don't let fear hold you back, Streetsblog.org
Visit: Paul Dorn's Bike Commuting Tips Site | <urn:uuid:7cfc0a09-420e-4784-9af6-a28e7e8a1498> | CC-MAIN-2015-40 | http://bikecommutetips.blogspot.com/2008/09/study-more-cyclists-means-safer.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-40/segments/1443737899086.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20151001221819-00191-ip-10-137-6-227.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.949466 | 466 | 2.59375 | 3 |
A Texas Feud:
The Killing of Gus Palmer
This article concerns the killings of Gus Palmer and Buddy Palmer during a feud in East Texas in 1906 and what has been discovered
in primary source documents regarding these two murders. Eventually, even the Texas Rangers became involved in this East Texas
First, it would be helpful to get some idea of who Gus and Buddy Palmer were. We will look briefly at who their grandfather and
father were and then look at the evidence regarding the events themselves.
One of the eccentric characters in the early Colonial Texas period was Martin Parmer. Born Martin Palmer in Virginia,
he later changed the spelling of his last name to Parmer. He was known in Missouri and Texas as the "Ring Tailed Panther." Parmer was
a frontiersman and an Indian fighter. He had been a legislator in the first Missouri General Assembly and was later elected a Senator
in the Missouri General Assembly. Parmer moved to Texas in 1825. Upon arriving in Texas, Parmer became a leader of the ill-fated
Fredonian Rebellion in 1826-1827. In 1836, Parmer signed the Texas Declaration of Independence at Washington-on-the-Brazos and serve as the
Chairman of the Committee that drafted the Constitution of the Republic of Texas. In 1839, Republic of Texas President, Mirabeau B. Lamar,
appointed Martin Parmer to be the Chief Justice of Jasper County, Texas.
Martin Parmer, for all his public service, was a very dangerous man who had killed or attempted to kill many different men
throughout his lifetime including Indians, Mexicans and Anglos. Martin Parmer was the father of at least 16 children from four
different wives. Upon reaching adulthood, most of these children restored the spelling of the family name to Palmer.
John Martin Palmer
Martin Parmer's youngest son was John Martin Palmer who was born the same year Texas won her independence from Mexico
. John Martin Palmer served as a Private in the 26th Texas Cavalry during the Civil War. By most accounts, he was respected and
beloved by just about everyone who knew him. Two of his sons were Augustine H. Palmer (Gus Palmer) and J. L. Palmer (Buddy Palmer).
[John Martin Palmer Obituary from Houston paper]
I first became interested in the subject of the deaths of Gus and Buddy Palmer when I read an article written by Mary Dell Palmer
Rosier in 1994 for a local history booklet titled San Jacinto County: A Glimpse Into the Past, Book III, A Collection of
Historical Articles, compiled by Iva Block, pp. 72-73. The article by Mary Dell Palmer Rosier was titled "Palmer Descendants."
Beginning on page 72, Mrs. Rosier related the following events:
"At the General Election , San Jacinto County, November 12, 1900, A. H. Palmer was elected Constable, Precinct No.
6. This included the Oakhurst and surrounding area. According to his records, he collected the taxes due the County, and
delivered them to the tax office in Coldspring. His records also show he collected fines, and notified persons selected for jury
duty. During his collection of taxes one time, a (Negro) man tried to rob him. To prevent the robbery of a considerable amount of
tax money, Gus shot and killed the man. No charges were filed and [the] Grand Jury no billed Mr. Palmer.
Another time Gus Palmer shot and killed a man who was in Buddy Palmers' tailor shop. The story goes, "Fifteen
year old Will Kay was keeping the tailor shop while Buddy went to Houston to purchase material. Gus Palmer was leaning on the counter teasing
Will about the girls. A Mr. Jones came in and unbeknowing to Gus he stuck his pistol in Gus' temple and pulled the trigger. The
gun did not fire, and a fight started. Will stated, "They fought all over the shop, even knocking the stovepipe down. Sometime during
the fight Gus was able to draw his gun and he shot Mr. Jones."
October 12, 1906, Gus Palmer made a trip to Huntsville to see a Doctor. The next day, he was at the depot
waiting for the trolley back to Oakhurst, when he was ambushed and shot. The first shot did not kill him, but while he was lying on the
platform begging for his life, he was shot again and was killed. This killing was known to be a paid killing and caused a lot of
tension in Oakhurst. People were very upset, and all the men were wearing their guns. It was a very frightening time, women and
children stayed in their houses. The men ventured out only to go to work. Buddy Palmer, a younger brother of Gus Palmer was on his
way home for dinner, as was the custom of that time, the stores all closed during the dinner hour, 12 noon to 1pm. Buddy was walking
past the Dolive store when shots rang out. Someone inside the Dolive store had shot through a crack in the door and killed Buddy.
This happened on October 18, 1906, one week after Gus Palmer was ambushed in Huntsville.
John Martin Palmer and the remaining family moved to Houston a few years after this tragedy."
After reading this account by Mrs. Rosier, I wondered if these stories about the feud and the deaths of Gus and
Buddy Palmer were true or were they just an example of family tradition or legend that got more entertaining in the retelling over
time? So, I set out to see if these stories were true by searching for any primary historical sources materials dating from the time
period of the events themselves that might corroborate her story. It turns out that the family stories were indeed true and that Mrs.
Rosier's reporting of them was extremely accurate after almost 90 years..
Due to Old Feud.
Due to Old Feud
Oakhurst Tex.: Yesterday Mr. Gus Palmer, of this place, having gone to Huntsville to consult a physician, was
shot and killed by one Bryant, a former citizen of San Jacinto county. A feud has existed for years between the Palmer and Bryant
families. Mr. John Palmer, the father of the man who was killed, is a son of Martin Palmer who won such renown in the early days of
This article appeared in the Shiner Gazette, Shiner, Texas, Vol. 14, No. 14, on Wednesday, October 17,
1906, p. 2. Here someone named Bryant is identified as the killer. This article says the feud was between the Palmer and Bryant
News in Brief from Texas
Gus Palmer, formerly a constable at Oakhurst, who has killed at least one man, was shot to death at
Huntsville by M. W. Cryan, who had left Oakhurst as a result of trouble with Palmer. It is alleged that Palmer had his revolver out when
Bryan fired with a shotgun, and effectively. Bryan was given an examining trial at once and was admitted to bail in $2,500, having
no short trouble in making it.
Article from The Daily Picayune, New Orleans, Louisiana,Monday, October 15, 1906, Vol. LXX, No. 264, p.
11. here M. W. Bryan is identified as the killer.
Killing at Huntsville
Is Shot to Death at Railway Station.
Market Man Arrested
Special to the News.
Huntsville, Tex., Oct. 13. - Gus Palmer, Constable of the Oakhurst Precinct in San Jacinto County,
was shot and killed near the depot at this place between 8 and 9 o'clock this morning M. W. Bryan, a market man of this city,
was arrested for the killing and at an examination trial was held to await the action of the Grand Jury in the sum of $2,500 which was
readily given. Bryan formerly lived in San Jacinto county and the trouble which ended in the killing today dates back to that
time. The killing was done with a shotgun, loaded with small shot and and only one barrel was fired, the contents entering the left
shoulded and breast. Palmer was on his way to the depot to take the mixed train for his home, while Bryan was on his way from
his home to town and the meeting resulted as stated.
The remains of the dead man were carried to Oakhurst for burial by his father, John M. Palmer, this
This article appeared in The Dallas Morning News, Sunday, October 14, 1906, Vol. XXII, No. 14, p. 5.
Tragedy at Oakhurst
Buddy Palmer is Killed - Brother Recently Killed
Special to the News.
Huntsville, Tex., Oct. 18 - News reached here Thursday morning that Buddie Palmer had been shot and killed in
Oakhurst, John Crabb being charged with the shooting It could not be learned what the trouble was The man killed and the one
charged with the shooting are related, and young Palmer was a brother of Gus Palmer, who was killed here last week.
See this article in the Dallas Morning News, Friday, October 19, 1906, Vol. XXII, No. 19, p. 14.
John Crabb is identified as the man charged with the shooting.
J. L. Palmer Killed
This article appeared in the Palestine Daily Herald, Palestine Texas, Vol. 5, No. 83, Friday, October 19,
1906, p. 3.
Jailed for Safe Keeping
Houston, Tex. Oct. 21. - Now in the Houston jail is J. L. Drabb [Crabb],
who was brought down last evening by one of the Texas Rangers from Oakhurst and placed here
for safe keeping. He is charged with murder in connection with the Palmer killing in that place.
This article is from The Dallas Morning News, October 22, 1906, Vol. XXII, No. 22, p. 3.
Experiences of a Ranger
Captain Rogers will remain here a few days, as his services may be needed in connection with the recent
troubles at Oakhurst and Groveton.
This article appeared in the Fort Worth Star-Telegram, Sunday, October 28, 1906, Vol. XXIII, No. 131,
second section, p. 2.
Nell Lee Streeter Frost Sergent
[November 19, 1902 - July 27, 2003]
"My memories of John Martin Palmer (Parmer) and
Elizabeth (Liza) Shepperd Palmer"
Many years after the murder of J. L. (Buddy) Palmer, Nell Lee Streeter Frost Sergent, the the grand daughter of John Martin Palmer and the daughter of Sarah Palmer and Wilbur C.
Streeter recorded her memories of the events on January 16, 1992. Buddy Palmer was the brother of Sarah Palmer and the uncle
of Nell Lee Streeter. In this account, we find that J. L. Palmer's initials stood for "Jacob Lee." We also see how the murder of
Buddy Palmer affected Nell Lee Streeter when she was just a very young child.
Jacob Lee Palmer (Uncle Buddy) was killed at a very young age (possibly twenties) in a feud between the Robinsons and
Palmers in Oakhurst, Texas. Uncle Buddy was weighing grain outside the feed store, when he was shot down. One of the Robinsons
was put in the pen and must have died there, as years later we heard he was still in there. Uncle Buddy was my favorite, and my
middle name is a request from him that I be called Nell Lee, when I was born. I remember after he was 'laid out' on his bed, I
slipped into his room and patted his feet and kissed them. I was very young, but I still remember this vividly.
Here, Nell Lee Streeter says the feud was between the Robinsons and the Palmers.
Banks Gets Life Sentence.
Special to the News.
Cold Springs, Texas., May 16.-The jury in the Tom Banks murder case sentenced Banks to life
imprisonment. Banks was accused of killing Buddie Palmer at Oakhurst last fall.
This article appeared in The Dallas Morning News on May 15, 1907, Vol. No. p. 8.
John Crabb Aquitted.
Special to the News.
Livingston, Tex., Dec. 20. - John Crabb, charged with the murder of J. L. Palmer, has been aquitted. The
attorneys consumed ten hours in the arguments of the cas, three speeches being made on each side. Judge Hightower delivered his
charge at 4 o'clock yesterday evening, and the jury returned their verdict at 2 o'clock this morning This case was
transferred from San Jacinto County and was one of the most stubbornly fought cases ever tried here.
This article appeared in The Dallas Morning News on Monday, December 21, 1908, Vol. XXIV, No. 82, p.
Banks v. State
108 SOUTHWESTERN REPORTER 693
Tom Banks appealed his murder conviction. Much of the evidence from the trial is reported in the appeal of Tom
Banks conviction to the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals. This evidence provides a great deal of detail that the brief newspaper
articles above do not provide.
(Court of Criminal Appeals of Texas. Feb. 12, 1908. Rehearing denied March 20,
Appeal from District Court, San Jacinto County; L. B. Hightower, Judge.
Tom Banks was convicted of an unlawful homicide, and he appeals. Affirmed
Dean, Humphrey & Powell for appellant. F. J. McCord, Asst. Atty. Gen. for the
DAVIDSON, P.J. Appellant was charged with killing J. L. Palmer; his punishment being assessed at
life imprisonment in the penitentiary.
The witness Whitley testified, as to the facts of the killing: That just before the killing of
Palmer he heard a conversation between Tom Banks (appellant), John Crabb, and Dolive, in which Dolive said: "Boys, there is one or two
things we have got to do. We have either got to kill old man John Palmer, Gus, and Buddy or we will have to move." And John
Crabb said: "By ___, we will not move. We are the boys that can do the work." That they were standing then about the middle of
Dolive's store. Dolive and Crabb were brothers-in-law. The witness had gone in there to purchase some meal. The same
witness testified that he had a conversation with John Crabb in which Crabb stated: "Buddy (referring to decedent) was getting too ___
damned smart. He accused my boy of stealing a coat." And if he did not take it back, by ___, he intended to kill him.
That this conversation occurred a short time, perhaps four or five days, before the conversation previously referred to as having occured
at the store, where Dolive, Crabb and appelant were. The previous conversation is again testified to in this shape: That Dolive said
to John Crabb, in the presence of applellant: "Boys, there is one of two things we have got to do. We have got to kill old man
Palmer, Gus, and Buddy, or we will have to move." John Crabb said: "By ___, we will not move. We are the ones who can do it,
ain't we, Tom?" Tom (appellant) did not say anything that the witness heard. The witness Sheppard was in company with Whitley,
but did not hear the conversation - he having stopped out in front of the store - but saw the parties standing back there. The
witness Gates testified a few days before the homicide defendant, Tom Banks, told him that he had found "that Buddy was a ___ damned
rascal, and if he wanted to he could go and tell him so." He further testified that there was some trouble between appelant
and deceased. This witness further testified: "I can't imagine why Tom Banks would have started such a mess. Him and Buddy
palmer during the whiskey times down there, had been average good friends. I said 'My goodness! it seems to me Banks, I could not
talk that way.' And he said: 'You can go and tell him.' Tom remembers it." The witness Standley stated that deceased was
standing in front of McGar's store, about 10 feet from the gallery, when the witness first saw him after the gun fired. Deceased
went toward the house, came inside where witness was, and said John Crabb had shot him and he was going to die. Deceased
immediately fell, and lived four or five minutes. This witness described the wound. Wyatt testified that he was standing about
10 feet from Dolive's store when the gun fired; looked in and could see Tom Banks and John Crabb. They were down by the window
on the side next to McGar's store. They were near a window; that is, John Crabb and Tom Banks. When the gun fired he could see
the smoke; could see it outside. "It was about four feet from the window. After the shot fired I went from there. After
the shot I looked and saw Bill Smith. He came to the front door, and Banks and John Crabb were back up near the window.
See Southwestern Reporter Volume 108, pp. 693-695. | <urn:uuid:bc8d3258-5cf2-4c3c-af45-ce71e58cc14c> | CC-MAIN-2019-09 | http://texashistorypage.com/The_Killing_of_Gus_Palmer_and_Buddy_Palmer.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-09/segments/1550247480272.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20190216105514-20190216131514-00401.warc.gz | en | 0.979709 | 3,722 | 2.859375 | 3 |
7 Recipes You Can Make In 5 Minutes
What Is Coagadex?
Coagulation factor X (10) is a man-made protein similar to a natural protein in the body that helps the blood to clot.
Coagulation factor X is used to treat or prevent bleeding in people with hereditary factor X deficiency. This medication is for use in adults and children who are at least 12 years old.
Coagulation factor X may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.
Follow all directions on your medicine label and package. Tell each of your healthcare providers about all your medical conditions, allergies, and all medicines you use.
You should not use this medicine if you have had an allergic reaction to clotting factor medicine.
It is not known whether this medicine will harm an unborn baby. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant.
It is not known whether coagulation factor X passes into breast milk or if it could harm a nursing baby. Tell your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby.
Coagulation factor X is made from human plasma (part of the blood) which may contain viruses and other infectious agents. Donated plasma is tested and treated to reduce the risk of it containing infectious agents, but there is still a small possibility it could transmit disease. Talk with your doctor about the risks and benefits of using this medication.
Coagadex Side Effects
Get emergency medical help if you havesigns of an allergic reaction:hives, itching, tingling; wheezing, tightness in your chest, difficult breathing; fast heartbeats; feeling like you might pass out; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat.
Call your doctor at once if you have:
- burning, stinging, redness, or swelling where the medicine was injected;
- fever or chills, cough, body aches, lack of energy;
- new or worsened bleeding; or
- continued bleeding after treatment.
Common side effects may include:
- feeling tired;
- back pain; or
- pain or redness where the medicine was injected.
This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.
Follow your doctor's instructions about any restrictions on food, beverages, or activity.
Other drugs may interact with coagulation factor X, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal products. Tell each of your health care providers about all medicines you use now and any medicine you start or stop using.
Follow all directions on your prescription label. Do not use this medicine in larger or smaller amounts or for longer than recommended.
Coagulation factor X is injected into a vein through an IV. You may be shown how to use an IV at home. Do not give yourself this medicine if you do not understand how to use the injection and properly dispose of needles, IV tubing, and other items used.
Coagulation factor X is a powder medicine that must be mixed with a liquid (diluent) before using it. If you are using the injections at home, be sure you understand how to properly mix and store the medicine.
Gently swirl but do not shake the medicine. The mixture should appear clear or slightly pearl-like.Do not use the mixed medicine if it looks cloudy or has particles in it.Prepare a new kit or call your pharmacist for a new supply of coagulation factor X.
Prepare your dose only when you are ready to give an injection. Use the injection within 1 hour after mixing your dose.
Read all patient information, medication guides, and instruction sheets provided to you. Ask your doctor or pharmacist if you have any questions.
Use a disposable needle and syringe only once. Follow any state or local laws about throwing away used needles and syringes. Use a puncture-proof "sharps" disposal container (ask your pharmacist where to get one and how to throw it away). Keep this container out of the reach of children and pets.
While using coagulation factor X, you may need frequent blood tests.
You may store this medicine at room temperature or in a refrigerator. Protect from light and do not freeze. Keep the injection kit in its original package until you are ready to prepare an injection.
Throw away any unused coagulation factor X after the expiration date on the medicine label has passed.
Seek emergency medical attention or call the Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222.
Call your doctor for instructions if you miss a dose of coagulation factor X.
Copyright 1996-2019 Cerner Multum, Inc.
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China smartphones causing myopia | <urn:uuid:43811552-bed0-4b35-8aae-952e54f30f5d> | CC-MAIN-2018-51 | http://beatsstudioheadphones.info/coagadex/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-51/segments/1544376824525.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20181213054204-20181213075704-00141.warc.gz | en | 0.887005 | 1,156 | 2.59375 | 3 |
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About This Book
During World War II, Heinz Drossel saved Soviet prisoners of war and several Jews, including Marianne Hirschfeld. Again and again, he wasn’t afraid to risk his own life when others’ safety was at risk. Nearly all of Hirschfeld’s family members were murdered by Nazis; she survived in hiding—and met Heinz again by coincidence after the war was over.They married in 1946. At that time, starting over was difficult. In the judicial service, Drossel witnessed Nazis continuing with their careers. As a political prisoner, his father was sent to jail in the Soviet-occupied sector. Drossel and his wife felt like outsiders, but their plans to emigrate fell apart. Drossel first spoke about his brave deeds when he was honored in Yad Vashem in 2000 as Righteous Among the Nations.Author Katharina Stegelmann paints an honest view of Drossel and doesn’t idealize her protagonist. Her engaging portrait succeeds in its convincing depiction of individual fate and historical events. | <urn:uuid:e97f2f6f-3699-4d21-8346-8bf13c954913> | CC-MAIN-2021-49 | https://www.perlego.com/book/1709292/staying-human-the-story-of-a-quiet-wwii-hero-pdf | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-49/segments/1637964363400.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20211207140255-20211207170255-00509.warc.gz | en | 0.982728 | 230 | 3.09375 | 3 |
In the Footsteps of Anna Atkins: Simple Photographic Botanical Illustration
a day-long workshop with Jacqueline Webster
In 1843, British author and botanist Anna Atkins published the first book illustrated with photography, called British Algae: Cyanotype Impressions. Using a simple iron-based photographic process invented by Sir John Herschel, Atkins made beautiful, simple blue print photograms of specimens with handwritten identification labels that she self-published in three volumes.
Join photographer Jacqueline Webster for a day of creating your own cyanotype botanical illustrations using the same process Atkins employed nearly 175 years ago. We’ll start the day learning the basics and history of the cyanotype process, then move on to some basics of plant identification and collection. Finally we’ll work on creating our own photographic records of the flora found onsite at Buffalo Peaks Ranch.
Saturday, July 29th, 10am to 4pm, $50 class fee
The Rocky Mountain Land Library is excited to offer this workshops at a 20% discount (just use Discount Code: PHOTO20 when you register)!
Jacqueline Webster is a photographer and arts educator who has been working in historic photographic processes for more than 30 years. She has shown her work at galleries and festivals around the country, and is currently a faculty member at the Art Students League of Denver.
For more on Jacqueline Webster, be sure to visit her website!
And for much more on the pioneering work of Anna Atkins, this article in The Guardian is a good place to start! | <urn:uuid:4acbd4a1-4bc2-4b54-9a9e-46b3d7bf780a> | CC-MAIN-2017-51 | https://landlibrary.wordpress.com/2017/07/07/cyanotype-impressions-of-a-high-mountain-ranch/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-51/segments/1512948541253.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20171214055056-20171214075056-00414.warc.gz | en | 0.925202 | 316 | 2.703125 | 3 |
The Minnesota Pollution Control Agency is going to be focusing a lot of attention on the watersheds bordering Ontario.
For the next two years, crews will be gathering data from the Lower Rainy River, Rainy Lake and Rapid River watersheds.
Project Manager Michael Kennedy says it's part of a four year project to study the health of the watersheds.
Kennedy says the data will help them identify any issues, possible solutions and who may play a part in keeping the waters clean.
Monitoring crews will be looking at things like fish, bugs as well as conventional pollutants such as algae, sediment and phosporus.
(Photo courtesy Minnesota Pollution Control Agency) | <urn:uuid:7f13e8fc-ff25-409c-94bb-f4eb01c2f074> | CC-MAIN-2017-43 | http://www.931theborder.ca/news/878357006/minnesota-watersheds-focus-attention-summer | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-43/segments/1508187824824.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20171021171712-20171021191712-00789.warc.gz | en | 0.913232 | 139 | 2.8125 | 3 |
PCE were engaged to carry out transient stability studies on a standalone grid to be used as the basis for a Load Shedding Scheme. The image is of a generator similar to those in this study.
Engine Loading & Disturbance Events
Standalone grids in Australia supply power to facilities such as remote mine sites. The generator engines are usually reciprocating gas or diesel fuelled units. Large quantities of fuel are used by these systems and this has a high cost and requires complex transportation and storage logistics. As a result, it is very desirable to run these power plants as efficiently as possible.
Internal combustion engines on generator units run most efficiently at a high load – typically 80% or more. Diesel engines must also be run hot enough or actual engine damage occurs.
Larger, slower units are also more efficient so it is better to have a few large units than many small units (though it is more costly in capital outlay).
For these reasons, there is a fine balance between running as few generators as possible (at high load) and having enough spinning reserve to cope with unscheduled disturbances. Insufficient spinning reserve usually means that a disturbance, such as a large motor starting, causes all generators to slow down to the point that the under frequency protection trips them all, leaving the site blacked out.
Load Shedding to Recover
If all disturbances were scheduled there would not be a problem, as prior to any start-up enough generation could be brought online to cope with the load increase. However, some disturbances such as a generator tripping are not foreseen. Since the trend is to fewer, larger units, loss of one machine causes a large increase in load on the remaining machines which rapidly slow down and also trip.
Since instability occurs within a few seconds at most and starting a generator takes several minutes at least, it is not possible to deal with generator trips this way – instead, loads must be tripped quickly to enable remaining generators to cope. This gives time for other generation to be restored.
How much load to shed and how quickly must then be determined for all foreseeable scenarios. This is where the transient studies are used.
Key inputs to the studies are engine and alternator inertia, alternator excitation system details and parameters such as time constants, Voltage Regulator type and tuning constants and Governor type and constants such as PID tuning constants and engine response time constants.
Such studies involve modelling the entire system, in a particular load scenario, then modelling a disturbance event such as a generator trip, and a load shed event to see if generators recover their initial speed and voltage. By varying the load shed time and load shed kVA (determined by what actual loads are available to be tripped) the response can be optimised.
The aim is to minimise how much load must be shed and find a maximum limit for trip time. Tripping in practice can require multiple communications paths in series that can prevent trip times less than 250ms.
Load Shed System Design
The output of multiple studies enables the LSS to be set up. The LSS is a dedicated processor-based system similar to a PLC and with good communications and fast processing. Load shedding can then be implemented as a look up table, or with dedicated logic. IEC61850 communication is often required.
The main difficulty with stability studies is to get sufficient information for voltage regulators and governors, and then to verify modelling with recorded real-life events. Setting up of initial conditions for each study is also critical to successful computation. | <urn:uuid:df84682b-d33b-41a6-a149-b69493d7f4fd> | CC-MAIN-2020-34 | https://www.pceng.com.au/projects/load-shedding-and-stability-studies/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-34/segments/1596439735867.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20200804131928-20200804161928-00519.warc.gz | en | 0.949195 | 716 | 2.90625 | 3 |
(Natural News) Harnessing the sun to generate power is no longer an endeavor restricted to the surface of the Earth. It has now reached the final frontier, thanks to satellites designed for space-based solar power (SBSP). These satellites – which took inspiration from villains’ nefarious plots to destroy the world – have now been tapped to focus on more pressing challenges.
British data analytics firm GlobalData wrote in its Tech, Media and Telecom Predictions 2021 report that Earth-facing activities in space “will experience significant growth in the next decade.” Its report also noted a finding by the Center for Climate and Energy Solutions that the energy sector accounts for more than 30 percent of greenhouse gas emissions worldwide. Thus, SBSP was put forward as a cleaner option for the industry.
SBSP works by using satellites in orbit equipped with huge solar reflectors. These reflectors will concentrate energy from the sun onto solar panels. The energy from the solar panels then be turned into electromagnetic radiation, to be beamed back to Earth in the form of either laser or microwave. A rectifying antenna on the ground will then finally collect the resulting waves or electromagnetic radiation beamed from space and convert it to electricity, which is then distributed to the grid.
The concept of SBSP satellites bears a number of similarities to those seen in two 007 movies: Diamonds are Forever from 1971 and Die Another Day from 2002. Both films involve a satellite harnessing the power of the sun, albeit used for nefarious purposes.
SBSP has a number of advantages over conventional solar power. First, solar power collection will no longer be impeded by bad weather and nighttime. Satellites in orbit can continue collecting and concentrating the sun’s energy no matter what season. This is advantageous especially in the winter months: Only three percent of sunlight reaches the Earth in an average winter month in Europe.
Second, energy storage issues are addressed because the continuous stream of power from the sun would allow energy to be directly beamed down then needed, Third, sunlight from space is much more intense compared to when it is collected from the Earth. The atmosphere filters the light from the sun, which also weakens it by the time it hits the planet. SBSP could generate 40 times more energy than Earth-based solar power, according to energy matching service Greenmatch.
Space-based solar power adds a new dimension to the new space race
While SBSP has many advantages over Earth-based solar power, its exorbitant cost remains a major hurdle to overcome before it sees commercial use. Theoretically, technologies to make SPSB a reality are already existent. But the astronomical funding needed for production, launch and assembly impedes its commercial viability. Technological advances in recent years have significantly lowered launch costs and giving the project a new hope.
SBSP is a clean, viable and long-term solution for the Earth’s energy needs. Thus, a number of nations are in a race to develop technologies that allow unimpeded solar energy collection – with a geopolitical and commercial advantage at the finish line. The U.S., China and Japan are some of the current key players in SBSP – all eager to secure access to a clean and unlimited power source.
China appears to be leading the race, announcing its intent to send a prototype into space. Chinese state-owned news outlet CGTN reported in January 2021 that the country aims to launch its first solar probe in the first half of 2022. Its Advanced Space-based Solar Observatory (ASO-S) is equipped with a solar telescope, a magnetic imager and an X-ray imager.
ASO-S Chief Scientist Gan Weiqun of the Chinese Academy of Sciences said the probe will observe solar activities and stormy atmosphere on the sun on a 24-hour basis. He added that it would also monitor solar storms at least one to three days before they arrive. This would enable advanced notices of possible damage to the Earth’s electromagnetic field to be issued. (Related: China developing “killer satellites” and “directed energy weapons” to challenge US in space.)
Prior to the ASO-S launch, the U.S. sent a space-based solar panel back in May 2020. Researchers with the United States Navy sent the Photovoltaic Radiofrequency Antenna Module (PRAM) – which is no bigger than a pizza box – into orbit. Currently, the PRAM now loops around the Earth every 90 minutes capturing sunlight.
The panel is designed to maximize the amount of light energy in space and beam it back to Earth to generate energy. Blue waves the PRAM will collect retain huge amounts of energy, which the atmosphere would otherwise filter out. The 12-inch by 12-inch solar panel is enough to power one electronic device, but researchers are looking to scale it up to collect more energy. | <urn:uuid:ceda0d47-9157-4413-8d64-224ad6b98bf9> | CC-MAIN-2022-40 | https://naturalnews.com/2022-07-25-space-based-solar-power-eyed-cleaner-energy.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-40/segments/1664030335573.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20221001070422-20221001100422-00408.warc.gz | en | 0.935145 | 1,000 | 3.453125 | 3 |
Most of the Persian army left Athens after their naval defeat at Salamis. The ilitary commander, Mardonius, was left in control of the remaining, still sizeable, army of occupation. Mardonius put the city of Athens to the torch and deployed his army on the mountain plains of Plataea. Here he was prepared to negotiate a truce with the Greek allies; if they refused he was determined to fight them. The Greeks, led by the Spartans, were unprepared to negotiate and created two defensive positions, upper and lower, against the Persian infantry position. The battle became chaotic, with much hand-to-hand combat and periods of stalemate. The Spartans eventually rounded on Mardonius and, despite the fact that he was protected by 1,000 bodyguards, killed him with a large rock. The Persians had nearly broken the Greek defensive positions, the ultimately they were were defeated; the Spartan leader, Pausanias, impaled Mardonius’ head on a pole. | <urn:uuid:ea7670c2-ab3a-4457-b1c3-509b7e52a40c> | CC-MAIN-2020-29 | https://www.themaparchive.com/collections/ancient-world/ancient-greece/plataea-campaign-479-bce.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593655899209.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20200709065456-20200709095456-00213.warc.gz | en | 0.985759 | 203 | 3.84375 | 4 |
That video above is from the organization called CODE.ORG – I just recently ran into it online and the information on their website gave me a lot of food for thought. In a nutshell CODE.ORG organization is actively advocating for adding more programming to schools’ curricula.
Ask yourself what is the thing that you interact with the most during the day? For the vast majority of us the answer will be obvious – it is software. For those of us that have day-time jobs we most likely spend more time on software interaction than on interaction with our families. I bet almost anyone have heard about the silicon valley boom, explosive growth of tech start-ups, all that good stuff. But not only that – I’m sure everyone has noticed how much more our life is affected by software comparing to just a decade ago – it touches virtually every aspect of our life. Software is an important and inevitable part of our society whether we like it or not.
Well, if creating software and being able to interact with it is so important how come there is only one out of ten schools that offers programming in their curricula (according to code.org)? I think that providing opportunity to learn how to program computers would definitely be one of the MOST essential things that we owe to our children as far as their general development is concerned. Because the ability to write code doesn’t only allow one to create new tools, or lets one better understand how somebody else’s software functions (which are pretty darn important things), but most importantly changes/improves how one approaches problem solving in general.
To Be Continued…>PART-2 | <urn:uuid:88762c3f-dd68-4569-b53c-085d9bc47cf9> | CC-MAIN-2019-09 | http://dp-stuff.org/learn-to-code-part-1-children/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-09/segments/1550247489425.55/warc/CC-MAIN-20190219061432-20190219083432-00614.warc.gz | en | 0.963505 | 335 | 2.609375 | 3 |
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Dryland farming is made possible mainly by the fallow system of farming, a practice dating from ancient times. Basically, the term fallow refers to land that is plowed and tilled but left unseeded during a growing season. The practice of alternating wheat and fallow assumes that by clean cultivation the moisture received during the fallow period is stored for use during the crop season....
Since the fallowing periods of the plots are much longer than the planted periods, the swidden horticulturalists must gradually encroach on more distant land. Sometimes this results in semisedentary villages when the newly arable plots finally are so distant that a few horticulturalists must start to build huts near the newer fields, to be joined later by others. Such a land-hungry system, in a...
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Please click the Websites link for this article to add citations for | <urn:uuid:2e989f3d-4d20-421c-b473-cfdf6603c8b5> | CC-MAIN-2014-41 | http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/200948/fallow-system | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-41/segments/1410657136181.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20140914011216-00133-ip-10-234-18-248.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.916096 | 370 | 3.609375 | 4 |
What does Ringworm Look Like on a Cat
Ringworm is the most common name used to describe a fungal condition sometimes referred to as Dermatophytosis. Ringworm is common among cats, and if you notice that your cat is suffering from skin issues, it could be suffering from ringworm. It is extremely contagious and is able to be transmitted to humans. If any symptoms appear, it is essential to seek out veterinary help immediately. Do you know What does Ringworm Look Like on a Cat.
If you have a cat, it’s not impossible if your cat gets sick. However, do you know about ringworm? How do cats get and how to treat ringworm in cats. Can ringworm be transmitted from cats to humans. Find out also how ringworm in cats treatment at home and healing ringworm look like in cats.
What is Ringworm?
Ringworm is not caused by a worm, but an infection caused by fungal bacteria that results from the infection of Microsporum canis. It is among the most frequent zoonotic infections for pets, i.e. an illness that could be passed between dogs, and animals which include humans.
Skin lesions, particularly those on the face ear, and limbs, as well as nail bed infections, are frequent symptoms. The appearance of the lesions can be varied and the signs may appear identical to other skin conditions in dogs. Hair loss that is patchy can be observed.
Clinical Signs of Ringworm
Ringworm lesions can be found in a variety of cats and may mimic other skin disorders, such as allergies and mites, skin cancer, and so on. The signs and symptoms vary from a mild, undetectable disease (asymptomatic carriers) to extensive lesions all across the body. There are often areas of loss of hair (alopecia) as well as redness on the skin and scalp hairs that have broken off, the appearance of a crust. Lesions usually appear on the scalp, but can be found anywhere on the body. Sometimes, ringworms can cause itching however, it is not always.
The vet should determine the cause of the lesions on your cat’s skin and check for ringworm. A fungal culture or PCR is required to definitively determine if dermatophytosis is the cause:
Wood’s Lamp Examining
A Wood’s Lamp is an ultraviolet light that can be used to look for Ringworm lesions. It is a simple screening test however not all species of ringworm will be visible in the light. It is possible to get false positive or false negative results when using this test. Wood’s Lamp. It is always necessary to perform additional diagnostics to determine if there are ringworm-related infections.
Is carried out by plucking a few hairs, then looking them up under the microscope. Fungal hyphae can be seen on hair shafts.
Fungal Culture is done by plucking hairs out of an earworm-like lesion that is suspected of being caused by it as well as using the toothbrush to comb hairs out of the body. Hairs are then placed in a specially-formulated medium that is kept over 14 days. If a fungal spore grows then the medium will change to red. The lab will identify the species of organism present.
Is a Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) that detects the DNA of fungal organisms within the sample that is submitted. This test is faster than the results of a culture (usually it takes 1-3 days to get results) but it is also extremely sensitive. A positive result could be seen in cases of infection or even with non-viable bacteria visible on the skin following treatment. PCR is an effective method to detect ringworm, however, it’s not usually utilized to measure the effectiveness of treatment.
The skin biopsy
Is performed when ringworm lesions can appear in an unusual manner. Sometimes it is necessary to have a skin biopsy taken to rule out possible causes for lesions, such as cancer or allergies. Ringworms are visible on biopsies, and it can be a sign of the diagnosis.
What does Ringworm Look Like on a Cat
“The “ring” caused by ringworm appears like a small, circular blemish on the skin of a cat. The rings are often associated with hair loss and are usually seen on the head, ear, or back legs of their body however, they may appear anyplace.
Patches of loss of hair
Bald areas on the fur of your cat could be an indication of Ringworm. If you notice patches of the circular shape of hair that are missing, be sure to take a closer look and make sure it’s not the beginning of ringworm.
It is possible that your cat has a reddish swollen or inflamed region where the cat’s hair is falling out.
The cat may rub or scratch the skin, or it may create a dry crust on the skin.
Ring Around the Area
The patch of hair that’s missing may be surrounded by a ring that is red. That’s where you’ll find the name. It appears like a red ring. It is named that because it is able to be raised at the edges as an Arachis.
Other obvious indications and symptoms of ringworm are:
- Hair loss in the circular areas
- Broken and swollen hair
- Red patches or inflamed skin
- Skin that is thick, hard, or crusty skin
- Hair or skin color
- Nail beds that are infected or claws
- Over-sharpening or grooming
It is important to be aware that the symptoms can differ in intensity and can be difficult to recognize.
Common Places You’ll Find Ringworm on Cats
- Legs or back | <urn:uuid:6d250db3-feec-48e0-b1b4-235f75ee0375> | CC-MAIN-2021-49 | https://thisisaaronslife.com/what-does-ringworm-look-like-on-a-cat-and-what-can-i-do-to-prevent-other-pets-from-getting-infected/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-49/segments/1637964363659.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20211209030858-20211209060858-00258.warc.gz | en | 0.946266 | 1,257 | 3.109375 | 3 |
Death of Beethoven
On March 26, 1827, legendary composer and pianist Ludwig van Beethoven died in Vienna, Austria.
Beethoven’s exact birthdate is unknown, though some historians believe he was born on December 16, 1770, in Bonn, Germany. He was baptized on December 17, and at the time, it was customary for children to be baptized the day after they were born.
Beethoven’s family was originally from Brabant, Belgium. At the time of his birth, his father was a musician in the court of Bonn.
Beethoven discovered his love of music at an early age. His musician father eagerly taught the young boy day and night, when he wasn’t working. On March 26, 1778, when he was just seven years old, Beethoven made his first public performance at Cologne. As Beethoven’s talents outgrew his father’s teachings, he started getting lessons from noted musicians including Gottlob Neefe. Neefe saw his potential and taught him music as well as philosophy.
In 1782, Beethoven published his first song, “9 Variations in C Minor” for piano. This led Neefe to reflect, “If he continues like this, he will be, without a doubt, the new Mozart.” Two years later, Beethoven was made organist of the court of Maximillian Franz, Elector of Cologne. Franz also noted his talent and in 1787 sent him to Vienna to expand his musical training. While there, he met Mozart, who reportedly said: “don’t forget his name – you will hear it spoken often.”
That trip was cut short by the death of Beethoven’s mother, but he would return to Vienna in 1792. There he began studying with Joseph Haydn, among others. Beethoven quickly impressed the people of Vienna with his skills, especially at improvising on the piano. After making his first public performance in Vienna in 1795, he went on a tour that included stops in Prague, Dresden, Leipzig, Berlin, and Budapest.
In 1800, Beethoven presented his first symphony in Vienna. He was young and his music was unusual for the time – extravagant and risqué. It was around this same time that Beethoven started to lose his hearing. Though he was angry about it, he was driven to continue his music. In the coming years, he wrote several more symphonies and an opera, Fidelio.
In 1809, Beethoven considered leaving Vienna. His wealthy friends didn’t want him to and offered him an annual grant of 4,000 florins. This made him the first independent composer. It also allowed him to create songs freely without needing to worry about his finances. During the last decades of his life, he wrote some of his most famous and renowned works. He also befriended inventor Johann Nepomuk Maelzel, who created several devices to help him hear and continue to write music as his hearing failed. The most notable of these was the metronome.
While traveling back from his brother’s home in 1826, Beethoven caught a bad cold. That mixed with other health problems and led to his death on March 26, 1827. Between 10,000 and 30,000 people attended his funeral. Over the course of his life, he composed nine symphonies, five piano concertos, one violin concerto, 32 piano sonatas, 16 string quartets, and the Mass Missa Solemnis.
Click here for more Beethoven stamps.
Click here to listen to some of Beethoven’s music.
Click here to see what else happened on This Day in History. | <urn:uuid:8b2cbf0a-d419-48dd-beaf-04f80a444568> | CC-MAIN-2019-22 | https://www.mysticstamp.com/info/this-day-in-history-march-26-1827/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-22/segments/1558232256948.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20190522183240-20190522205240-00031.warc.gz | en | 0.990264 | 798 | 3.640625 | 4 |
PowerShell has multiple Cmdlets that display information, but the question that often arises is which one should be used? In this post we will take a look at the differences between some of the more common ways to display information in PowerShell and which one will fit best for a given situation. Before we get start it is important to define a few terms are going to pop up. This first term is Stream; which is a sequence of data elements made available over time. A stream can be thought of a items on a conveyor belt being processed one at a time rather than in large batches. The second is pipeline, whish consists of a chain of processing elements arranged so that the output of each element is the input of the next.
Write-Host vs Write-Output
Write-Host outputs text directly to the console / host, bypassing the pipeline, therefore it cannot be used to pipe output to another cmdlet, such as Out-File. However, this cmdlet can change the color of the text’s background and of the color of the text itself.
Write-Output places the object in the pipeline which can be consumed by other Cmdlets. If it is the last Cmdlet, it will display the output in the console/host. Unless it is necessary to display different colored messages or display a richer user interface it would be best to use Write-Output since it allows for easier information passing.
Another major difference between these two cmdlets is that Write-Host will output the text that it is given on the same line unless otherwise specified, such as using the newline character “`n”.
Write-Output is going to insert a new line character between each string that it is given.
Windows PowerShell 5.0 introduces a new, structured information stream (number 6 in Windows PowerShell streams) that you can use to transmit structured data between a script and its callers (or hosting environment).
Write-Information lets you add an informational message to the stream, and specify how Windows PowerShell handles information stream data for a command. By default, Write-Information will not write anything to the screen unless $InformationAction is set to ‘Continue’,
this can be accomplished by either setting $InformationAction to ‘Continue’ when the cmdlet is written or by setting $InformationAction to ‘Continue’ at the top of the script. Write-Information is useful when program information only needs to be displayed under
special circumstances or only if the user requests it.
Write-Error vs Write-Warning
Write-Error and Write-Warning are fairly similar as they are both used to show information about a problem that occurred. Where they differ is what information gets written to the screen.
Starting in PowerShell V3, warnings have their own stream; which means that this stream can be captured and piped to another Cmdlet.
Write-Warning will also not write any output to the screen unless $WarningPreference has been set to ‘Continue’ at the top of the script or by setting $WarningPreference to ‘Continue’ when the cmdlet is written.
The Write-Error cmdlet declares a non-terminating error. By default, errors are sent in the error stream to the host program to be displayed, along with output.
Since the messages from the Write-Error cmdlet are sent to the error stream, they can e accessed by indexing the $Error variable array, with the ‘0’ index being the most recent
error that was placed in the stream.
Write-Debug is used when its necessary to output debug messages in a critical section of code that can be turned on and off or when a script developer does not want the extra information to be displayed when the script is ran normally.
Write-Debug is similar to Write-Warning in that unless the variable $DebugPreference is set to ‘Continue’ at the beginning of a file or before the cmdlet will be executed nothing will be displayed to the screen.
The debug parameter can also be used if it necessary for the user to acknowledge that something has occurred.
The Write-Progress cmdlet displays a progress bar in a Windows PowerShell command window that depicts the status of a running command or script.
You can select the indicators that the bar reflects and the text that appears above and below the progress bar.
The Write-Progress command includes a status bar heading (“activity”), a status line, and the variable $I (the counter in the For loop), which indicates the relative completeness of the task.
The Cmdlets discussed in this post are not the only was the PowerShell can display information, PowerShell has many more Cmdlets that have the ability to display information
or redirect that information. However, the cmdlets discussed here will work for most day to day uses, with these cmdlets it is possible to write to the pipeline, display warnings, debug information, | <urn:uuid:34bae4d0-4ecb-442b-bb6e-3e017cc71bc7> | CC-MAIN-2017-39 | https://www.sapien.com/blog/2017/08/21/powershell-write-cmdlets/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-39/segments/1505818689624.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20170923104407-20170923124407-00401.warc.gz | en | 0.909601 | 1,019 | 2.703125 | 3 |
I Am Different! Can You Find Me? by Manjula Padmanabhan
Padmanabhan, Manjula. 2011. I Am Different! Can You Find Me?
: Charlesbridge. ISBN 9781570916397 Watertown, MA
2. PLOT SUMMARY
I Am Different! is a children’s picture book created to show kids how interesting and fun learning about new cultures can be. Each page focuses on a different language from somewhere in the world, and highlights the phrase “Can you find me?” in that language. The phonetic pronunciation is included for each language to help readers speak the words properly. Each page also has a brief paragraph explaining more details about how widely the language is spoken and additional words from that language. The accompanying illustrations include a group of images, flowers, cars, ladders, etc., and ask the reader to find which object is different from the others on the page.
3. CRITICAL ANALYSIS
Padmanabhan has created a children’s book that is not only brimming with positivity and excitement but also includes fun puzzles guaranteed to interest young readers. The inclusion of a brief essay regarding languages around the world showcases Padmanabhan’s purpose for creating this book. She stresses the importance of not only noticing the differences in languages but also the similarities. The author includes well know languages like English, Chinese, and Italian, as well as dedicating pages to lesser known languages like Cree, Hawaiian, and Nahuatl. My favorite language showcased is American Sign Language, complete with pictures and instructions for the creation of the signs.
The text does not refer to physical descriptions, but emphasizes the importance of each language and the geographic locations of where the language is spoken. Occasionally Padmanabhan will include facts relating to the importance of the language. When referring to Navajo, Padmanabhan describes how that language was used to help create a code used in World War II. She makes each language appear unique and special, encourage her readers to learn more about languages spoken around the world.
The illustrations, also by Padmanabhan, showcase her background in cartooning and illustration for children. The illustrations are simply done with bright colors and pleasing shapes. There is one object on each page that is different from the others, and the author provides a key at the end of the book indicating the correct answer. However, she is quick to point out that there may be more than one correct answer and encourages her readers to let her know if other differences were found. Most of the illustrations are objects rather than human images. The Hawaiian language and American Sign Language are the only 2 instances in the book which have representations of someone who might speak that language. Cartoon versions of young Hawaiian girl’s faces, with dark skin and dark hair, are prominently displayed on the Hawaiian page. The American Sign Language page has photographs of a young, presumably American boy making the signs for “Can you find me”. Other than those 2 examples, it isn’t clear whether or not Padmanabhan tried to match her illustrations to the subject language or if they were chosen at random. The illustrations are clear enough that children of any age should be able to spot the one item that is different from the others.
I Am Different! Can You Find Me? is an excellent choice for introducing the differences and similarities of different languages and cultures from all over the world.
4. AWARDS & REVIEW EXCERPT(S)
2012 USBBY’s Outstanding International Book Winner (K-2nd grade)
Positive review in Kirkus: “A substantive, engaging title for multilingual education. Bravo!”
Positive review in Booklist: “This colorful, original picture book provides an intriguing introduction to languages as well as differences.”
Review in Publisher’s Weekly: “Many of the distinctions are quite subtle (one straight line among curvy ones; a box without a match, a ladder with different colored rungs), which points to the book's understated message about the subjective nature of difference, but may frustrate readers.”
* Use in a discussion on world cultures and languages. Teach the children new words using the pronunciation guides on each page.
*Global Fund for Children books celebrating diversity:
Ajmera, Maya and Ivanko, John D. Come Out and Play. ISBN 9781570913853
Ajmera, Maya and Ivanko, John D. To Be a Kid. ISBN 9780881068412
Ajmera, Maya and Regan, Michael. Let the Games Begin. ISBN 9780881060676
Global Fund for Children. Global Babies. ISBN 9781580891745 | <urn:uuid:28ea6bc7-8b12-4848-98d9-253930a893e5> | CC-MAIN-2017-47 | http://newbooksnewworlds.blogspot.com/2012/09/review-i-am-different-can-you-find-me.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-47/segments/1510934809695.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20171125071427-20171125091427-00378.warc.gz | en | 0.910024 | 989 | 2.734375 | 3 |
The puzzle features a photograph of an Ammonite fossil. Ammonites are extinct cephalopods related to octopi and squid which roamed the seas from 200 million years ago to 66 million years ago. As they grew, they added more chambers onto their shell, creating a spiral. The ammonite inhabited the largest chamber and filled the rest with buoyant fluid. Their fossils feature beautiful and intricate suture patterns where the walls of their shell meet the outside. The branchy shapes of the pieces are based on these patterns.
The puzzle contains 2 multipiece ammonite whimsies.
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Breeding systems, gene flow and level of genetic differentiation in plant populations
Genetic variation and its distribution among plant populations are primarily determined by their breed- ing system and the level of gene flow among them (Bawa et al. 1985, Bawa et al. 1990, Rocha & Aguilar 2001b). It is well known that mating systems influence the amount, as well as the distribution of the genetic variation within and among populations (Wright 1921, Stebbins 1950, 1957, Hamrick et al. 1991). | <urn:uuid:3774bb03-3420-46ed-b655-8fdeab3f4d89> | CC-MAIN-2020-10 | https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/lankesteriana/article/view/23023 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875145941.55/warc/CC-MAIN-20200224102135-20200224132135-00488.warc.gz | en | 0.939105 | 109 | 3.296875 | 3 |
Don't Take Your Eyes for Granted
Imagine what life would be like if you couldn't see well. Reading might not be possible. Watching a movie could be tough. Focusing on the face of a loved one could drive you to tears.
The number of people losing their vision is growing, yet experts say much of this vision loss could be prevented.
Don't put off regular eye exams because your eyes feel fine or you don't wear glasses or contact lenses. Signs of some eye diseases like glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration (AMD), are present before you might notice symptoms.
Get annual exams
People who are 65 or older should have an annual eye exam even if they are seeing well.
Many diseases cause vision loss as we age, but AMD is among the Western world's top causes of blindness. Leading to loss of your central vision, it may cause dark spots in your sight, make straight lines appear wavy, or cause text to seem blurry. AMD, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, cataracts, and dry eye syndrome can all rob you of sight.
It's best to see your eye doctor before trouble starts. But these signs should prompt a visit at once:
Trouble seeing objects close up or far away
Colors that seem faded
Poor night vision
Double or multiple vision
Loss of side vision
Poor central vision or straight objects that look wavy
Blurry text or type
Save aging eyes | <urn:uuid:75ad1acc-e4d8-41c7-a140-e667ff33f95b> | CC-MAIN-2016-22 | https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/Encyclopedia/content.aspx?ContentTypeID=1&ContentID=4092 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-22/segments/1464049275836.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20160524002115-00171-ip-10-185-217-139.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.937225 | 305 | 2.703125 | 3 |
Born in 1503 in Saint-Rémy-de-Provence in southern France, Michel de Nostredame became an apothecary and drafted his first almanac in 1550, in which he predicted future events in relatively obscure, rhyming couplets. Around this time, he took the name Nostradamus, an incorrect Latin translation of his surname.
He later published The Prophecies, which ensured his fame and reputation. Nostradamus also left writings around Paris, containing vague prophecies as to the locations of three rings that unlocked a vault containing the armor of the Master Assassin Thomas de Carneillon. In 1555, he was summoned to the royal court by Queen Catherine de' Medici. He supposedly predicted the death of King Henry II, correctly foretelling that the King's skull would be pierced by his master-at-arms. In 1564, Catherine de' Medici appointed him Physician-in-Ordinary to her son, the young King Charles IX. Nostradamus died in Salon-de-Provence in 1566.
- Some of Nostradamus' predictions are believed to reference historical events, including the Great Fire of London, the French Revolution, the rise of Napoleon Bonaparte, World War II, the atomic bomb attacks on Japan, and the assassination of John F. Kennedy.
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As South Asian Philadelphians established themselves, they began their own ethnic organizations as well. The Council for Indian Organizations was founded in to, celebrate cultural heritage and encourage Philqdelphia to become more civically engaged. Although separate organizations, both the Bhutanese American Organizationfounded inand the Nepali Cultural Find Goodrich of Philadelphiafounded inhelped their members not only preserve their cultural heritage but also navigate Indian woman Philadelphia asia in American society with assistance with employment, health care, and English language skills.
The Bangladesh Association of Greater Philadelphia observed cultural and traditional events and Moder Patshala focused on the education of Bangladeshi American children working with them on homework and study skills at this nonprofit after-school program.
Not only did these organizations host large festivals and gatherings to celebrate and share their culture and heritage with other Philadelphians, many also did advocacy work for their communities in South Asia and in Philadelphia. Money and donations of clothing were often collected to Philadeplhia back, particularly in times of crisis such as the factory fire in Dhaka, Bangladesh, and the floods in Pakistan.
Just as important, South Asian organizations in Philadelphia worked to ensure employment and educational success and to assist new immigrants in the citizenship process. These Indian woman Philadelphia asia Asian cultural organizations supported active involvement Indian woman Philadelphia asia the city through English language assistance, civic engagement, and voter registration.
Diverse in their heritage, customs, and their migration patterns, South Asians in the Philadelphia region owed much to changes in immigration laws for how and where they settled.
Whether they Indian woman Philadelphia asia as skilled workers afterjoined Single housewives seeking porno dating Morgantown members in the s, or arrived later as refugees, South Asians shared a strong desire to build their lives in the city as Philadelphians with their distinctive Phikadelphia, faith, language, and heritage.
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Daniels, Roger. History of Indian Immigration to the United States: An Interpretative Essay. New York: The Asia Society, Prasad, Leela. Live Like the Banyan Tree: Images of the Indian American Experience: Historical Society of Pennsylvania, Takaki, Ronald.Outdoor Suck Athletic Warren Michigan Guy
Strangers from A Different Shore. Little, Brown and Company, Your email is never shared. Share This Page: Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia.
Indian Americans - Wikipedia
Explore Click the images to learn more. A Mosaic of Faiths". Pew Indian woman Philadelphia asia. July 19, Retrieved August 11, July 18, Archived from the original on September 4, A Journal of Transnational Studies. June 1, A category that remains contested in population and health research".
Journal of Public Health. Indian Americans Part 1. Encyclopedia of Minorities in American Indian woman Philadelphia asia African Americans and Asian Americans. Retrieved September 29, Schaefer March 20, Encyclopedia of Race, Ethnicity, and Society.
Many Asian Indian women wear the sari—yards of colorful embroidered or printed .. Hutchinson Gallery in New York and the Kenmore Gallery in Philadelphia. Sakhi for South Asian Women exists to end violence against women. We unite survivors, communities, and institutions to eradicate domestic violence as we. and Community Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia , USA. Many recently immigrated South Asian Indian patients are seen in health care One author's observations of the care of pregnant and parturient women in.
SAGE Publications. Indian immigrants in an American metropolis. Pennsylvania State University Indian woman Philadelphia asia. Echoes of Mutiny: Oxford University Indjan. Indians in North America, nearly 90 percent of whom Indian woman Philadelphia asia Sikhs from the state of Punjab, were also racialized through colonial gendered discourses. The other one percent: Indians in America.
University of Arkansas Press. Asian Americans: Retrieved February Philadelpuia, Retrieved March 9, Retrieved December 9, Indian Americans Hardcover Edition.
New York: Chelsea House. Journal Square". Jersey City Independent. Retrieved December 26, Fiscal Year ".Maryann College Park Maryland Fuck
Department of Homeland Security. Retrieved June 1, Archived from the original on December 22, Retrieved January 30, USA Today. May 17, United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 27, Retrieved February Indian woman Philadelphia asia, Retrieved May 31, Atlanta Business Chronicle.
Asian Indian Americans - History, Modern era, The first asian indians in america
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Retrieved December 16, Retrieved November 19, January 4, Archived from the original on June 8, Retrieved July 17, Philadflphia Policy Institute of California.
How the Indians Conquered Silicon Valley". January 13, Retrieved December 19, 4 11 blonde busty Zuni New Mexico w curves Business Consultants. June 24, Retrieved March 19, Pew Research Center. Retrieved Indian woman Philadelphia asia 7, February 20, The World is Flat". Archived from the original on March 28, Fact Sheet". September Indian woman Philadelphia asia, Retrieved January 9, August 29, Induan Retrieved December 18, April 12, Archived from the original on April 12, Google Philadelpuia.
June 11, April 8, Retrieved April 28, NBC News. By Clifford Pereira. In Indian woman Philadelphia asia, technology, and transculturation: A global Perspective.
Edited by Myna German and Padmini Banerjee. Center for International and Global Studies. Lindenwood University Press. Archived from the original on October 23, Retrieved November 2, McCartney; Lorena S. Butts; Beresford Callum Historic Adult seeking sex Des moines Washington 98198. National Park Service.
Retrieved May 11, Francis C. Assisi May 16, India Currents. Archived from the original on November 27, Columbia University Press. Retrieved May 10, Home Life". Echoes of Freedom: South Asian Pioneers in California, — The Library, University of California, Berkeley. Retrieved January 8, Stranger Intimacy: Berkeley, California: University of California Press.
August 15, Retrieved October 6, The Washington Post. November 4, Accessed December 2, Archived from the original on March 27, Are Desis White? Archived October 7,at the Wayback Machine. May 21, Times of India. Indian woman Philadelphia asia City Nj: Archived from Indian woman Philadelphia asia original on January 2, CBS News.
Westview Press, in cooperation with Asia Society. Dugger, Celia W.
Fuller, C. Caste Today. Asiaa and Perspectives. Oxford University Press, Gould, Harold A. Studies in Change and Continuity in Indian Civilization: Essays in Honour of K. Ishwaran1: Culture and Society. Yogendra K. Chanakya, Jacobson, Doranne.
Imtiaz Ahmad. New Delhi: Manohar Book Service, Purdah in India: Life Behind the Veil. Cultural Norm and Individual Experience.
Sylvia Vatuk. Studies of Purdah in South Asia.
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Papanek and G. Columbia, MO: South Asia Books, and Delhi: Chanakya Publications, womaj Changing Patterns in India. Case Indian woman Philadelphia asia in the Social Sciences: A Guide for Teaching. Myron L. Indkan, NY: Sharpe, Regional Patterns and Perspectives. Raju and D. Bagchi London: Routledge, owman Hindu Childbirth Rituals in Central India. Falk and R. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Co. Jacobson, Doranne, and Susan S.
Indian woman Philadelphia asia in India: Two Perspectives3rd enlarged edition. South Asia Books, and New Delhi: Manohar Publishers, Lynch, Owen M. Armonk, New York: A Review Article. Mandelbaum, David G. Society in India: Continuity and Change2 vols.
University of California Press, University of Arizona Press, Mendelsohn, Oliver, and Marika Vicziany. The Untouchables: Subordination, Poverty, and the State in Modern India.I Swallow No Recip
Cambridge University Press, Miller, Barbara D. The Endangered Sex: Neglect of Female Inidan in Rural North India. Cornell University Press, Papanek, Hanna, and Gail Minault, eds.
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Separate Worlds: Roland, Alan. In Search of Self in India and Japan: Toward a Cross-Cultural Psychology. Princeton University Press, Sharma, Miriam. The Politics of Inequality: Competition and Control in an Indian Village2nd ed.
University of Hawaii Press, Sharma, Ursula. Concepts in the Social Sciences. Open University Press, The disadvantages of being female have Indian woman Philadelphia asia amply researched; see, for example, MillerDas Gupta and Akron Ohio sex encountersand Bumiller In general, census figures show lower sex ratios in northern India than in the south, but in only one state—the southern state of Kerala—are there more females Indian woman Philadelphia asia males 1, females per 1, males.
For recent overviews on changes in caste, see Fuller and U.Love In Claverdon
Indian woman Philadelphia asia Sharma For a focus on untouchability, see LynchMendelsohn and ViczianyWomajand Zelliot Are you an educator or education Indiaan looking for professional development resources? Take a Indian woman Philadelphia asia at our online courses and see if they're right for you! Purity and Pollution Many status differences in Indian society are expressed in terms of ritual purity and pollution, wo,an notions that vary greatly among different castes, religious groups, and regions.
Social Interdependence One of the great themes pervading Indian life is social interdependence. Family and Kinship Family Ideals The essential themes of Indian cultural life are learned within the bosom of a family. Family Authority and Philaxelphia In the Indian household, lines of hierarchy and authority are clearly drawn, and ideals of conduct help Indian woman Philadelphia asia family harmony.
Life Passages The birth of an infant is celebrated with rites of welcome and blessing, typically much more elaborate for a boy than for a girl. Caste Bliss women discreet fwb Class Varna, Caste, and Other Divisions Social inequality exists throughout the world, but perhaps nowhere has inequality been so elaborately constructed as in the Indian institution of caste.
Urban Life The acceleration of urbanization is profoundly affecting the transformation of Indian society. References Bumiller, Elisabeth. Deliege, Robert. The Untouchables of India.
on Asian Indian immigration and first generation Asian Indian immigrants. It does not reflect the . Between and , only Asian Indian females (%) entered the United Philadelphia Inquirer, Sunday, January Rankin, C. Sakhi for South Asian Women exists to end violence against women. We unite survivors, communities, and institutions to eradicate domestic violence as we. Asian Indian women: Guidelines for community intervention in the event of abuse . Family Violence in America. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
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'Aka'aka ("Laughter")(a) is a spur of the Ko'olau mountains at the head of Manoa Valley, forming the ridge running back to and above Waiakeakua ["The water of the gods"; photo right]. 'Aka'aka was united in marriage to Nalehua'aka'aka, still represented by some lehua bushes on the brow of the ridge. The couple had twins, a boy named Kahaukani and a girl named Kauakuahine. These children were adopted at birth by an ali'i named Kolowahi and his sister Pohakukala, who were cousins of 'Aka'aka. The brother took charge of the boy and the sister took charge of the girl. When the children were grown up, the foster parents decided to reunite them in marriage; and the children, having been brought up separately and in ignorance of their relationship, made no objections. They were accordingly married,and a girl was born to them and given the name Kahalaopuna (b). Thus Kolowahi and Pohakukala, by uniting the twins in marriage, made permanent the union of rain (Kauakuahine) and wind (Kahaukani) for which Manoa valley is noted; and the fruits of this union was the most beautiful woman of her time. So Manoa girls, foster children of the Manoa rains and winds, have generally been supposed to have inherited the beauty of Kahalaopuna.
A house was built for Kahalaopuna at Kahaiamano on the road to Waiakeakua, and there she lived with a few attendants. The house was surrounded by a fence of 'auki, with a pulo'ulo'u (a pole topped by a ball of white kapa) placed on each side of the gate, indicating kapu, or forbidden, ground, because the person or persons inhabiting the premises were of the highest rank and sacred.
Kahalaopuna was very beautiful from her earliest childhood. Her checks were so red and her face so bright that a glow emanated from them and shone through the thatch of her house when she was inside; a rosy light seemed to envelop the house, and bright rays constantly played over the house. When she went to bathe in the spring below her house, the rays of light surrounded her like a halo. The natives maintain that this bright light is still occasionally seen at Kahaiamano, indicating that the spirit of Kahalaopuna is revisiting her old home.
She was betrothed in childhood to Kauhi, a young ali'i of Kailua, in Ko'olau. His parents realized the great honor the planned union of their son with the Princess of Manoa would bring them. Kahalaopuna was deemed of a semi-supernatural descent. So they always sent the poi of Kailua and the fish of Kawainui for the girl's table, and Kahalaopuna was brought up entirely on the food of her prospective husband.
When she had grown to young womanhood, she was so exquisitely beautiful that the people of the valley would make visits to the outer pulo'ulo'u at the sacred precinct of Lua'alaea, the land adjoining Kahaiamano, just to get a glimpse of the beauty as she went to and from the spring (c). In this way, the fame of her surpassing loveliness was spread all over the valley and came to the ears of two men, Kumauna and Keawaa, both of whom were disfigured by a contraction of the lower eyelids known as makahelei ("drawn eyes") (d). Neither of these men had ever seen Kahalaopuna, but they fell in love with her from hearsay. Not daring to court her because of their disfigurement, they would weave and deck themselves with lei of maile, ginger, and ferns, then go to Waikiki for surf-bathing and indulge in boasting of their conquest of Kahalaopuna, claiming the lei they wore were love-gifts from her.
Now, when the waves of Kalehuawehe at Waikiki were just right for surfing, people from all parts of the island came to enjoy the delightful sport. Kauhi, the betrothed of Kahalaopuna, was one of these. The time set for his marriage to Kahalaopuna was drawing near, but he had not yet seen her. Hearing the frequently repeated claims of the two makahelei men, Kauhi finally believed them, and he was so filled with jealous rage, he was determined to kill her (e)
He started for Manoa at dawn, and when he reached Mahinauli, in mid-valley, he rested under a hala tree growing in a grove of wiliwili. He sat there some time, brooding over the fancied injury to himself and nursing his wrath. As he resumed his walk, he broke off and carried along with him a bunch of hala nuts. At noon he reached Kahaiamano and presented himself before the house of Kahalaopuna. The latter had just awakened from a sleep and was lying on a pile of mats facing the door, thinking of going to the spring, her usual bathing-place.
She saw a stranger at her door. She looked at him for a while; then guessing from often repeated descriptions of her betrothed that this stranger was he, she asked him to enter. Kauhi refused and asked her to come outside. The young girl had been so accustomed from early childhood to consider herself as belonging to Kauhi and being indebted to him for her daily food that she obeyed him unhesitatingly.
He perhaps intended to kill her then, but the girl's obedience and her extreme loveliness made him hesitate for a while; and after looking intently at her for some time, he told her to go and bathe and then prepare herself to accompany him on a ramble about the woods.
While Kahalaopuna was bathing, Kauhi remained moodily seated where she had left him and watched the bright glow, like rainbow rays, playing above the spring. He was alternately filled with jealousy, regret, and longing for the great beauty of the girl; but he did not relent in his dreadful purpose. He seemed to resent his betrothed's supposed infidelity the more because she had thrown herself away on such unworthy persons, who were, moreover, ugly and disfigured, while he himself was not only a person of rank and distinction, but was also considered very handsome.
When Kahalaopuna was ready, he motioned her to follow him and turned to go without a word. They went across Kumakaha to Hualea, when the girl said, "Why don't you stay and have something to eat before we go?"
He answered rather surlily, "I don't care to eat; I have no appetite."
He looked so sternly at her as he said this that she cried out, "Are you annoyed with me? Have I displeased you in any way?"
He kept on his way, and she followed, till they came to a large stone in 'Aihualama [a stream and trail on the west side of upper Manoa valley; the trail goes over a ridge, from Manoa Valley to Nu'uanu Valley]. Then he turned abruptly and looked at the young girl with an expression of mingled longing and hate. At last, with a deep sigh, he said, "You are beautiful, my betrothed, but, as you have been false, you must die."
The young girl looked up in surprise at these strange words, and saw only hatred and deadly purpose in Kauhi's eyes; so she replied: "If I have to die, why didn't you kill me at home, so that my people could have buried my bones; but you brought me to the wild woods, and who will bury me here? If you think I have been false to you, why not seek proof before believing it?" (f).
But Kauhi would not listen to her appeal. Perhaps it only reminded him of what he considered his great loss. He struck her across the temple with the heavy bunch of hala nuts he had broken off at Mahinauli and still carried. The blow killed the girl instantly, and Kauhi hastily dug a hole under the side of the large stone and buried her; then he started down the valley toward Waikiki. As soon as he was gone, a large owl, who was a god and a relative of Kahalaopuna and who had followed her from home, immediately set to digging the body out. Then brushing the dirt carefully off with its wings and breathing into the girl's nostrils, the owl restored her to life. It rubbed its face against the bruise on the temple and healed it immediately.
Kauhi had not advanced very far on his way when he heard the voice of Kahalaopuna singing a lament over his unkindness and beseeching him to believe her, or, at least, prove his accusation. Hearing her voice, Kauhi returned, and, seeing the owl flying above her, recognized the means of her resurrection. He approached the girl and ordered her to follow him. They went up the side of the ridge which divides Manoa Valley from Nu'uanu. It was hard work for the tenderly nurtured maiden to climb the steep mountain ridge, at one time crawling through a thorny tangle of underbrush, and at another clinging against the bare face of the rocks while holding on to swinging vines for support. Kauhi never offered to assist her, but kept going, only looking back occasionally to see that she was following. When they arrived at the summit of the divide between the two valleys, she was all scratched and bruised, with her pa'u, or skirt, in tatters. Seating herself on a stone to regain her breath, she asked Kauhi where they were going. He never answered, but struck her again with the hala branch, killing her instantly, as before. He dug a hole near where she lay and buried her, then started for Waikiki by way of Kakea ridge.
As soon as he was out of sight, the owl again scratched away the dirt and restored the girl to life. Again she followed after her betrothed, singing a song of love and regret for his anger, and pleading with him to lay aside his unjust suspicions. On hearing her voice again, Kauhi returned and ordered her to follow him. They descended into upper Nu'uanu Valley at Kaniakapupu and crossed over to Waolani ridge, where he killed and buried the faithful girl a third time; and again the owl restored her.
On his way back to Waikiki, Kauhi again heard her singing a song describing the perils and difficulties of their journey, and she again ended by pleading for pardon for the unknown fault. The wretched man, on hearing her voice again, was enraged. His repeated acts of cruelty and the suffering of the girl, far from softening his heart, only served to render him more brutal, and to extinguish what little spark of kindly feeling he might have had originally. His only thought was to kill her for good, and thus obtain some satisfaction for his wasted poi and fish. He returned to her and ordered her, as before, to follow him. He started for Kilohana, at the head of Kalihi Valley, where he beat her to death again.
She was again restored by the owl and made her resurrection known by singing to her cruel lover. This time he took her across gulches, ravines, and plains, until they arrived at Pohakea, on the 'Ewa slope of the Ka'ala Mountains, where he killed her a fifth time and buried her under a large koa tree (g). The faithful owl tried to scrape the dirt away, so as to get at the body of the girl, but his claws became entangled in the numerous roots and rootlets which Kauhi had been careful not to cut away. The more the owl scratched, the more deeply tangled he got, and finally, with bruised claws and ruffled feathers, he had to give up the idea of rescuing the girl; and perhaps he thought it useless, as she would be sure to make her resurrection known to Kauhi and be killed for a sixth time. So the owl left and followed Kauhi on his return to Waikiki.
There had been another witness to Kauhi's cruelties, and that was 'Elepaio, a little green bird, a cousin to Kahalaopuna.
As soon as this bird saw that the owl had deserted the body of Kahalaopuna, it flew straight to Kahaukani and Kauakuahine and told them of all that had happened. The girl had been missed, but, as some of the servants had recognized Kauhi, and had seen the couple leave together for what they supposed was a ramble in the adjoining woods, no one had felt great anxiety. But when 'Elepaio told its tale, there was great consternation, and even positive disbelief; for how could any one in his senses, they argued, be guilty of such cruelty to such a lovely, innocent being, and to one, too, belonging entirely to himself?
In the meantime, the spirit of the murdered girl revealed itself to a party who were passing by; and one of them, a young man, moved with compassion, went to the tree indicated by the spirit, removed the dirt and roots, and found the body, still warm. He wrapped it in his kihei, and then covered it entirely with maile, ferns, and ginger, and, making a ha'awe, or back-load, carried it to his home at Kamo'ili'ili [Mo'ili'ili]. There, he entrusted the body to his elder brother, who called upon two spirit sisters of theirs, with whose aid they finally succeeded in restoring the body to life. In the course of the treatment she was frequently taken to an underground water-cave called Mauoki for kakelekele (hydropathic cure). The water-cave has ever since been known as the "Water of Kahalaopuna" (h).
The young man who rescued her from the grave naturally wanted her to become his bride; but the girl refused, saying that as long as Kauhi lived, she was his, and none other's, as her very body had been nourished on his food, and was as much his property as the food had been.
The elder brother then counselled the younger to seek, in some way, to kill Kauhi. To this end, they conspired with the parents of Kahalaopuna to keep her last resurrection secret. The young man then set to work to learn all the mele (songs) Kahalaopuna had sung to Kauhi during that fatal journey. When he knew these songs well, he sought the houses where the ali'i played kilu (a chanting and kissing game) because he was sure Kauhi would be found there.
One day when Kauhi was playing kilu, this young man placed himself on the opposite side, and as Kauhi's turn ended, he took up the kilu and chanted the first of Kahalaopuna's mele.
Kauhi was very much surprised, and contrary to the etiquette of the game of kilu, stopped the young man in his play to ask him where he had learned the mele. The young man answered he had learned it from Kahalaopuna, the famous Manoa beauty, who was a friend of his sister's and who was now on a visit at their house. Kauhi, knowing the owl had deserted the body of the girl, felt certain she was really dead and accused the young man of lying. This led to an angry, stormy scene, and the antagonists had to be kept apart by order of the King.
The next night found them both at the kilu house, and when the young man sang the second of Kahalaopuna's mele, another angry discussion took place. Again the two antagonists were separated by others. On the third night, the third mele was sung, and the dispute between the two men became so violent that Kauhi finally said that the Kahalaopuna his rival knew must be an impostor, as he himself was certain the real young woman of that name was dead. Kauhi then dared his rival to produce Kahalaopuna; and if the woman was not the genuine one, then his rival should be killed; on the other hand, if the woman proved to be Kahalaopuna, then Kauhi should be declared the liar and pay for his insults with his life.
This was just what the young man had been scheming for, and he quickly assented to the challenge, calling on the King and the other ali'i to take notice of the terms of the bet and see that the terms were enforced.
On the appointed day Kahalaopuna went to Waikiki, attended by her parents, relatives, servants, and the two spirit sisters, who had assumed human form for that day so as to accompany their friend and advise her if necessary. 'Aka'aka, the grandfather, who had been residing in Waikiki some little time previous to the dispute between the young men, was appointed one of the judges at the approaching trial.
Kauhi had consulted the priests and sorcerers of his family as to the possibility of the murdered girl having assumed human shape for the purpose of working him some injury. Kaea, a famous priest and seer of his family, told him to have large leaves of 'ape spread where Kahalaopuna and her party were to be seated. If she were a spirit, she would not be able to tear the 'ape leaf on which she would be seated; but if she were human, the leaf would be torn. With the permission of the King, the leaves were spread. The King, surrounded by the highest chiefs and a vast assemblage from all parts of the island, was there to witness the test.
When Kahalaopuna and her party were on the road to the scene of the test, her spirit friends informed her of the 'ape leaves, and advised her to trample on them so as to tear them as much as possible, as they, being spirits, would be unable to tear the leaves on which they would be seated, and if anyone's attentions were drawn to them, they would be found out and killed by the po'e po'i 'uhane (spirit catchers).
The young girl faithfully performed what was required of her. Kaea, seeing the torn leaves, remarked that she was evidently human, but that he felt the presence of spirits and would watch for them, certain they were in some way connected with the girl. 'Aka'aka then told him to look in a calabash of water, where he would in all probability see the spirits. The seer, in his eagerness to unravel the mystery, forgot his usual caution and ordered a vessel of water to be brought. Looking in, he saw only his own reflection. 'Aka'aka at that moment caught the reflection of the seer (which was his spirit), and crushed it between his palms; at that moment the seer dropped down dead. 'Aka'aka now turned around and opened his arms and embraced Kahalaopuna, thus acknowledging her as his own beloved granddaughter.
The King now demanded of the girl and of Kauhi an account of all that had happened between them and of the reported death of the maiden. They both told their stories, Kauhi ascribing his anger to hearing the claims of the two disfigured men, Kumauna and Keawaa. These two, on being confronted with the girl, confessed that they had never seen her before and that all their words had been idle boasts. The King then said: "As your fun has cost this innocent girl so much suffering, you two and Kauhi must be killed at once, as a matter of justice; and if your gods are powerful enough to restore you, so much the better for you."
Two large imu (earth ovens) had been heated by the followers of the two rivals, in anticipation of the judgment. Kauhi and the two mischief-makers, Kumauna and Keawaa, were baked therein, along with those of their followers and retainers who preferred to die with their chiefs.
The greater number of Kauhi's people were so incensed with his cruelty to Kahalaopuna that they transferred their allegiance to her, offering to be her vassals as restitution, in part, for the undeserved sufferings borne by her at the hands of their cruel chief. The King gave her for a bride to the young man who had not only saved her, but had been the means of avenging her wrongs.
The imu in which Kauhi and his companions were baked were on the side of the stream of 'Apuakehau in the famous Ulukou grove [in Waikiki], and very near the sea. The night following their deaths, a great tidal wave, sent in by a powerful old shark god, a relative of Kauhi's, swept over the site of the two imu and in the morning, their contents were gone. The bones had been taken by the old shark into the sea. The chiefs Kumauna and Keawaa were, through the power of their family gods, transformed into the two peaks at the eastern corner of Manoa Valley(i), while Kauhi and his followers were turned into sharks.
Kahalaopuna lived happily with her husband for about two years. Her grandfather, knowing of Kauhi's transformation and aware of his vindictive nature, strictly forbade her from ever going into the sea. She remembered and heeded the warning during those two years. But one day, her husband and all their men went to Manoa to cultivate kalo, and she was left alone with her maid servants.
The surf was in fine sporting condition, and a number of young women were surf-riding. Kahalaopuna longed to join them. She disregarded her grandfather's warning, and as soon as her mother fell asleep, she slipped out with one of her maids, went to the beach, and paddled out on a surfboard. Kauhi saw his opportunity, and when she was fairly outside the reef, he bit her in two and held the upper half of the body up out of the water, so that all the surf-bathers would see and know that he had at last obtained his revenge.
Immediately on her death, the spirit of the young woman went back and told her sleeping mother of what had happened. The mother woke up, and, noticing her daughter was missing, gave the alarm. Her alarm was soon confirmed by the terrified surf-bathers, who had all fled ashore at seeing the terrible fate of Kahalaopuna. Canoes were launched and manned, and chase given to the shark and his prey, which could be easily tracked by a trail of blood.
Kauhi swam just far enough below the surface of the water to be visible, and yet too far to be reached by the fishing-spears of his pursuers. He led them on a long chase to Wai'anae; then, in a sandy opening in the bottom of the sea, where everything was visible to the pursuers, he ate up the young woman, so she could never again be restored to life.
Her parents, on hearing of her end, retired to Manoa Valley, and gave up their human life, resolving themselves into their supernatural elements. Kahaukani, the father, is known as the Manoa wind, but his usual and visible form is the grove of hau (hibiscus) trees, below Kahaiamano. Kauakuahine, the mother, assumed her rain form, and is very often to be met with about the former home of her beloved child.
The grandparents also gave up their human forms and returned to Manoa, the one to his mountain form, and the other into the lehua bushes still to be found on the very brow of the hill from which they keep watch over the old home of their petted and adored grandchild(j)
(d) Makahelei, "drawn eyes" was an affliction that could be a punishment for breaking the kapu of one's 'aumakua: the wrongdoer "would become humpbacked, or his eyelids would be drawn down, or he would fall lame, or suffer with chronic stomach ache or consumptionor he might be killed outright." (Kamakau, The People of Old 90).
(e) "Legends suggest a high value was placed on virginity. However, this was true only among the ali'i.Hawaii's aristocratic maidens were supposed to be untouched, not because of morality or prudery, but because genealogy of a possible child was all-important. Mrs. Pukui sums up the traditional viewpoint: 'Hawaiians placed very high value on virginity when a girl was reserved for the ali'i. Ali'i were considered to be under the keeping of the gods. After a woman married to an ali'i gave birth to the wanted child, then she was not prohibited from having other love affairs. But the genealogy of this important first child must be perfectly clear. There must be no doubt about his blood lines'" (Pukui, Haertig, and Lee 201).
(f) Kahalaopuna's pleading is related to a tradition of the owl clan to which she belongs: at Pu'u Pueo ("Owl Hill") in Manoa valley, "an avenging spirit in the form of a pueo sought to execute judgment upon a culprit for some alleged transgression, but upon the pleading of the accused for a hearing before executing punishment, it thereafter became the established custom that none should be condemned till tried and proven guilty" (Sterling and Summers 285).
(g) Kauhi takes Kahalaopuna on a westward journey away from the protection of her owl god, her family and her home in Manoa valley and toward the setting sun, associated in Hawaiian and Polynesian traditions with death.
(h) Mauoki was also a heiau located in Mo'ili'ili, at the foot of the ridge between Manoa and Palolo valleys. The underground pool of the same name was possibly nearby. The young man who rescues Kahalaopuna is called "Mahana" in the Kalakaua version of the story.
(i) In a later version of the Kahalaopuna story, Nakuina writes: "In the eastern corner of Manoa Valley can be seen the peak of Kumauna, with a hump on the back of the ridge leading up to the peak, and alongside of it the ravine of Keawawa-Kiihelei. These places belonged to and are called after the two wicked men who were the cause of the sad death of Kahalaopuna" (Hawaii Its People, Their Legends 45). "Awawa" is a gulch or ravine; "Ki'ihelei" means "to straddle."
When Kauhi heard that Kahalaopuna was his, he provided her with all sorts of goods; but after several anahulu (ten-day periods), he discovered an offense. Some people who wanted Kahalaopuna dead slandered her. They traveled from Manoa to Ko'olau, and when Kauhi received them, they told him this lie: "How strange is your woman, Kahalaopuna! Two nights of hula, and on each night a new lover." When Kauhi heard this lie from these men, he said to himself: "I'll kill her, for she has consumed the goods of my haku (lord), and now, her ma'i has been broken and cleaved."
Kauhi climbed over to Manoa and found Kahalaopuna, and told her to go with him to Pohakea, in the uplands 'Ewa near the mountain of Ka'ala. On the way, she wondered why they were going there. They took the mountain trail where people seldom passed, going over Pauoa and Waolani, then along the uplands of Kalihi and so on to Manana, where they slept overnight. Kahalaopuna's hands were bound together securely by Kauhi, so when her leaf-skirt began falling apart, she was unable to repair it.
At daylight, they resumed their journey until they reached Pohakea, where they climbed up the slope to a large ohi'a lehua tree. There, Kauhi called Kahalaopuna to him. She thought his calling meant things were all right, but no! As she stood in front of Kauhi, he said: "Lie down." Kahalaopuna laid down, and Kauhi said "I am going to kill you, for you have consumed the goods of my haku, yet you have been deflowered, broken into and cleaved open, but not by me."
Kahalaopuna answered: "My husband, lie with me; if the ma'i has been broken, I deserve to die; but if it hasn't been broken, don't kill me." Kauhi tore off an ohi'a lehua branch and began striking Kahalaopuna with it; while he was striking her a second and third time, Kahalaopuna chanted the following:
Kauhi again said to her: "You shall not live because your ma'i has been broken." Kahalaopuna answered: "Sleep with me, my husband, and if the ma'i has been broken, I deserve to die." Kauhi leaped at her again and beat her until she was almost dead; again Kahalaopuna chanted:
At this Kauhi leaped at her again, beating her with the stick. On the verge of death Kahalaopuna called out: "May you be loved! Let's touch noses, my husband, before I die. Tell our parents of my love for them." Kauhi then said: "Don't give me any messages; you've been defiled, so you must be killed." He struck her again and again with the stick and killed her. Kauhi dragged the corpse under the lehua tree and covered the body with leaves, sticks, and other debris, so it could not be found. Then he returned home. The spirit of Kahalaopuna flew to the top of the 'ohi'a lehua tree and chanted the following:
Kahalaopuna had seen a company of people passing along the trail, which was why she chanted thus. At the end of the chant, the people stood and listened, uncertain whether the voice was a person speaking, or the wind, or the squeak of trees rubbing together.
Kahalaopuna chanted a second time, and the people recognized it was the spirit of a dead person speaking, so they went to Manoa and told the parents of Kahalaopuna what they had heard. After listening to them, the parents went to the place where their daughter had been killed. When they arrived at Pohakea at the lehua tree where the body had been buried, they dug the body up and returned to Manoa, where they worked over it until Kahalaopuna was alive again, just as before.
When the news of the restoration of Kahalaopuna reached Kauhi at Ko'olau, he came up to see her, to greet her [have sex with her], to show her kindness; but Kahalaopuna rejected him. | <urn:uuid:9a8319ee-b1c7-4bd2-9315-06869e926d17> | CC-MAIN-2018-09 | http://apdl.kcc.hawaii.edu/oahu/stories/kona/kahalaopuna.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-09/segments/1518891812758.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20180219171550-20180219191550-00399.warc.gz | en | 0.98853 | 6,669 | 2.828125 | 3 |
and that is compatible with the multiplication in the following sense
Associated graded algebra
In general there is the following construction that produces a graded algebra out of a filtered algebra.
If is a filtered algebra then the associated graded algebra is defined as follows:
- As a vector space
- the multiplication is defined by
for all and . (More precisely, the multiplication map is combined from the maps
The multiplication is well defined and endows with the structure of a graded algebra, with gradation Furthermore if is associative then so is . Also if is unital, such that the unit lies in , then will be unital as well.
As algebras and are distinct (with the exception of the trivial case that is graded) but as vector spaces they are isomorphic.
Any graded algebra graded by ℕ, for example , has a filtration given by .
Scalar differential operators on a manifold form a filtered algebra where the filtration is given by the degree of differential operators. The associated graded algebra is the commutative algebra of smooth functions on the cotangent bundle which are polynomial along the fibers of the projection . | <urn:uuid:aef69094-f4d5-405f-9797-0885a1e7e479> | CC-MAIN-2015-48 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filtered_algebra | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-48/segments/1448398458511.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20151124205418-00354-ip-10-71-132-137.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.947748 | 240 | 2.515625 | 3 |
On February 26, 1920, Ontario’s provincial highway network was born. That year, 16 highways were established across southern Ontario, between the Ottawa and Detroit Rivers. These highways, previously maintained by townships and counties, connected the province’s largest cities and provided important links to Quebec and the United States.
In 1925, these highways were assigned numbers 2 through 17, in rough order from west to east. There was no Highway 13; instead, the Port Hope-Peterborough Highway was assigned Route 12A. Highway 2, alternatively known as the Trans-Provincial Highway, extended from Windsor to the west to the Quebec border in the east, continuing eastwards as Quebec Highway 2. (That province renumbered its entire highway system in the 1960s and 1970s.) Meanwhile, Highway 15, connecting Kingston and Ottawa, took a deviating “S” shaped route via Perth. Highway 7 only went as far east as Brampton. While the province used triangular highway markers at the time, in 1930, they were renamed “King’s Highways” and assigned crowned highway shields still in use today.
The map below illustrates the highway system at the time.
Ontario Provincial Highways, 1925 (click for larger version)
Several of Ontario’s first highways no longer exist. Highway 12A was later renumbered to Highway 28; that first section was later downloaded to Northumberland and Peterborough Counties. The first section of Highway 14, which originally ran between Foxboro and Picton via Belleville, was later integrated with the longer and more important Highway 62. The short stub of Highway 14 between Foxboro and Marmora was also downloaded in the 1990s.
But Highway 11, formed out of Yonge Street and the Barrie-Muskoka Highway, eventually became the province’s longest and one of its most famous highways (even if it never was the world’s longest street). To mark the occasion, I wrote about Highway 11’s history for TVO.
If you’re interested in learning more about Ontario’s highways, nearly 100 years of digitized provincial road maps are available on the Archives of Ontario website. I also suggest visiting The King’s Highway website, which contains histories and photographs for most of Ontario’s highways. | <urn:uuid:82891845-2f91-4124-a4b8-8e44db6b31ee> | CC-MAIN-2020-16 | https://seanmarshall.ca/2020/03/02/one-hundred-years-of-ontarios-provincial-highways/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585370519111.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20200404011558-20200404041558-00460.warc.gz | en | 0.973878 | 478 | 3.390625 | 3 |
Cell Cycle (Mitosis)
Cell division is a series of events that takes place inside a cell which causes the division of the cell into an equal number of daughter cells.
Cell division also maintains a fully grown individual. All multi-cellular eukaryotic organisms grow in size and maintain the cells of their body (the somatic cells) by a sequence of events called the cell cycle.
The cell cycle takes place in various phases:-
- M or Mitosis Phase (Division Phase)
It is differentiated into-
- G1 or Growth Phase
- S or Synthesis Phase
- G2 or Growth and preparation Phase
- Cells are not actively dividing in this phase. Interphase includes the G1, S, and G2 phases of the cell cycle. Cells grow and undergo various metabolic processes required for their functioning during G1, S, and G2. Chromosomes are not condensed throughout interphase
- During G1, cells undergo a period of rapid growth, and the chromosomes are not duplicated.
- During the S phase, cells begin to prepare for division during interphase by duplicating their chromosomes.
- At the end of the S phase, all the chromosomes are therefore duplicated chromosomes.
- During G2, the cell grows again and it completes the preparations for division (mitosis, or the M phase).
- During this division phase, the components of the cytoplasm nucleus of the parent cell are divided to give rise to two identical daughter cells by mitosis and cytokinesis.
- Mitosis ensures the equal distribution of the nuclear contents ie. it includes duplication of chromosomes so that each daughter cell get the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
The Stages of Mitosis
Mitosis refers to the division of a cell into two equal daughter cells.
It is differentiated into 5 stages which follow sequentially-
- Prophase is the first phase of mitosis.
- The chromosomes in the nucleus become visible under a microscope as they shorten and thicken and became chromatids
- In animal cells, centrioles (when chromosomes become visible) a small body in the cytoplasm separates and its parts move to opposite poles of the cell. (It provide attachment for the spindle fibres, which helps in the attachment and movement of the chromosomes during cell division)
- Collectively, the centrioles and spindle fibres make up the spindle apparatus. Most plant cells do not have centrioles, but spindle fibres still form and serve a similar purpose.
- The centromere joining the two chromatids helps attach the chromosomes to the spindle fibres.
- The nuclear membrane appears to fade; also there is the separation of other cell organelles.
- The second phase of mitosis is metaphase.
- Chromosomes consist of sister chromatids that move toward the centre of the cell.
- The chromosomes line up at the equatorial plate in the centre
- The nuclear membrane completely dissolves
- The chromosomes emerged as dark, thick filamentous structures which are attached to the spindle fibres.
- Anaphase is the third phase of mitosis.
- The centromeres divide and the sister chromatids move to opposite poles of the cell.
- The same number and type of chromosomes will be found at each pole if mitosis proceeds correctly.
- Telophase marks the end of mitosis and it is also known as the reciprocal stage of prophase
- The chromosomes move to the opposite poles of the cell where they begin to lengthen.
- The spindle fibres dissolve and a nuclear membrane starts appearing around each mass of chromatin.
- Other cell organelles start to reappear.
- The cytoplasm begins to divide after the chromosomes have moved to opposite poles.
- Cytokinesis appears as quite different from nuclear division.
- A furrow develops in the animal cell pinching off the cell into two parts which marks the end of cell division.
- In-plant cells, the separation is acheived by a cell plate which forms between the two chromatin masses.
- The cell plate then develops into a new cell wall which ultimately seal off the contents of the new cells from each other.
Number of Chromosomes
After mitosis two identical daughter cells are seemed to be formed with the same number of chromosomes, i.e. 46 which is called as Equitorial Division | <urn:uuid:0dc30739-fc05-4ad7-81fc-d51ec6a95464> | CC-MAIN-2021-49 | https://biologyease.com/mitosis/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-49/segments/1637964363465.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20211208083545-20211208113545-00138.warc.gz | en | 0.921141 | 986 | 4.15625 | 4 |
The go-ahead for Pfizer’s COVID-19 vaccine for children ages 5 to 11 could come this week after clearing the first two hurdles.
Now the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) advisors are set to vote on the issue Tuesday. Then the CDC director is expected to officially recommend the vaccine.
That means children age 5 to 11 could start getting their shots as soon as Wednesday. Just more than a quarter of parents say they’ll get their kids vaccinated right away. But many parents need to hear more as 2/3 say they’re worried it could affect their child’s future fertility.
“There’s nothing in the data to suggest that,” said Dr. Jonathan Reiner, professor of medicine at George Washington University. “And there’s nothing in the data to suggest that that happens with adults either. There’s also no biologically plausible mechanism through which that would occur.”
Between the virus and the vaccine, pediatricians say the greater risk is from COVID-19.
“COVID has bad complications with children. Doesn’t have it with all children, but has it with many, and it also has the complications in this young group of having long term issues,” said Dr. Claire Boogaard, of Children’s National Hospital. “Whether it’s having symptoms that last longer than two months, which is the long COVID that people talk about, or developing a very serious, life-threatening condition called multi-system inflammatory syndrome in children. If I have a choice, I’d rather use this super safe vaccine to get them back into school and back to their normal life.”
If the vaccine does get the greenlight for this age group, CVS Pharmacy said it will be available at thousands of its pharmacy locations by the end of the week. It also will be in many pediatricians’ office and local children’s hospital very quickly.
- View: Michigan COVID-19 data | <urn:uuid:952f8d0e-1856-4a71-b46c-dee7ac44145e> | CC-MAIN-2022-40 | https://www.clickondetroit.com/health/2021/11/01/covid-vaccine-for-kids-5-to-11-heres-what-to-expect-this-week/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-40/segments/1664030335004.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220927100008-20220927130008-00253.warc.gz | en | 0.969796 | 429 | 2.6875 | 3 |
Scientists have taken cancer apart piece-by-piece to reveal its weaknesses, and come up with new ideas for treatment.
A team at the Wellcome Sanger Institute disabled every genetic instruction, one at a time, inside 30 types of cancer.
It has thrown up 600 new cancer vulnerabilities and each could be the target of a drug.
Cancer Research UK praised the sheer scale of the study.
The study heralds the future of personalised cancer medicine. At the moment drugs like chemotherapy cause damage throughout the body.
One of the researchers is Dr Fiona Behan, whose mother died after getting cancer for the second time.
The first course of chemotherapy damaged her mother’s heart, so she was not physically strong enough for many treatments the second time around.
Dr Behan told | <urn:uuid:044d0708-4566-4098-8c2a-124032d481d9> | CC-MAIN-2019-39 | https://www.rocketnews.com/2019/04/dismantling-cancer-reveals-weak-spots/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-39/segments/1568514574532.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20190921145904-20190921171904-00062.warc.gz | en | 0.942134 | 163 | 2.75 | 3 |
The poem, She Walks In Beauty was the inspiration of June, 1814 when Lord Bryon first saw his cousin the beautiful Mrs. Wilmont.
Both had attended a party hosted by Lady Sitwell and Lord Bryon was awestruck by his cousin’s dark hair and fair face and the mingling of various lights and shades upon her.
This was to be the essence of his poem about her that was published in 1815. It remains a charming and popular beauty poem.
She walks in beauty, like the night
Of cloudless climes and starry skies;
And all that's best of dark and bright
Meet in her aspect and her eyes:
Thus mellow'd to that tender light
Which heaven to gaudy day denies.
One shade the more, one ray the less,
Had half impair'd the nameless grace
Which waves in every raven tress,
Or softly lightens o'er her face;
Where thoughts serenely sweet express
How pure, how dear their dwelling place.
And on that cheek, and o'er that brow,
So soft, so calm, yet eloquent,
The smiles that win, the tints that glow,
But tell of days in goodness spent,
A mind at peace with all below,
A heart whose love is innocent!
Lord Byron ~ Published In 1815
Updated: November 13 2014 | <urn:uuid:eafb0412-1eca-4d3e-bdfa-0ea3062702a8> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.beauty-and-the-bath.com/she-walks-in-beauty.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282926.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00191-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.952965 | 293 | 2.84375 | 3 |
ASHEVILLE, N.C. — Nearly 50 years before the Biltmore Estate was built, the Smith-McDowell House was the talk of the town.
What You Need To Know
The Smith-McDowell house was built before the Biltmore Estate
The house was built in the 1840's
Dozens of enslaved people were on the property
The house was Asheville’s first mansion
It's the city’s first mansion and oldest surviving home in Buncombe County. It dates back to 1840 when James M. Smith built it.
It's now home to the Western North Carolina Historical Association, which operates and maintains it. Anne Chesky-Smith is the executive director of the group.
The historian, working out of the house, loves being immersed in its history.
"My true passion is really researching the history of this area and really, starting with this house," Chesky-Smith said. "It's seen such an amount of history of the Asheville area and a diversity of people too.”
On a tour of the home, you'll learn about those who lived here, including mayors, a Confederate major, friends of the Vanderbilts, and not only these influential people, but enslaved people as well.
"So far we've been able to track down over 40 names of people who were enslaved by the Smith and McDowell families who may have been here on the property," Chesky-Smith said.
Smith, at the time, was one of the wealthiest landowners, one of the largest slave owners, a businessmen and Asheville's second mayor. The Smiths used the property as a country home. When Smith died, his son John inherited the house, but John suffered a quick death shortly after, and with no will, the house, along with those enslaved here, went up for auction at the Buncombe County Courthouse.
Chesky-Smith says one of the most tragic facts about the home is the enslaved family who lived here were split up when the house went up for auction. In 1854, John Smith's sister, Sarah Lucinda purchased the home with her husband William McDowell.
McDowell was a banker and a Confederate major, and he founded the Buncombe Riflemen, a militia group. He was also a slave owner, and enslaved people lived on the property until emancipation came to Asheville in April of 1865. In debt following the Confederate defeat, the McDowells had to sell the house in 1881.
That's when the wealthy Garrets purchased the home and did a lot of the renovations seen in the house to this day. Chesky-Smith says they retreated to Asheville for their daughter, who was sick with tuberculosis. The area was believed to be curative for those with illnesses.
"It's a mansion financed by wealthy white people who lived here in the area but built by people that they enslaved on land that used to, that belonged to native people, and so within this space we can really see it as a microcosm of the history of our area and of our region," Chesky-Smith said.
Chesky-Smith calls the house a living exhibit as they are constantly learning more about the enslaved people who lived here.
The house is located on the campus of Asheville-Buncombe Technical Community College.
It's open for tours Thursday through Saturday. You can learn more here. | <urn:uuid:ab4d1e41-746d-42cf-84fb-5999c4c62977> | CC-MAIN-2022-40 | https://spectrumlocalnews.com/nc/charlotte/tar-heel-treasures/2021/10/18/tar-heel-treasures--the-smith-mcdowell-house | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-40/segments/1664030337663.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20221005172112-20221005202112-00551.warc.gz | en | 0.98276 | 698 | 2.734375 | 3 |
The internet is a wondrous thing that keeps the world connected. However, it also allows cyber criminals to target and attack businesses and organizations to steal information or cause harm. Fortunately, cyber liability policies can help in the event that a cyber attack occurs.
Hazardous Results of These Attacks
Companies take certain precautions to protect data of the business and of clients. That being said, hackers can still find ways around this protection. The hackers themselves could be employees with access or someone from the competition.
Either way, the following results of an attack can be damaging:
Common Targets of These Attacks
Some information is more valuable in a sense than others, especially to hackers. This includes things like social security numbers and competitor business plans.
The most common types of targets that see cyber attacks include the following:
Recovering From a Cyber Attack
Cyber crimes are a constant threat in the business world. While cyber liability cannot prevent a cyber attack, it can help with the fallout of one by alerting the appropriate parties, paying any fees and performing crisis management. Having a cyber liability policy for your company means you understand the risks and are working to mitigate them as much as possible. | <urn:uuid:8171da62-dfa5-4043-bc4b-8ed71ba8557e> | CC-MAIN-2020-05 | https://www.bigjoeonline.com/the-dangers-of-cyber-attacks/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579251779833.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20200128153713-20200128183713-00083.warc.gz | en | 0.935132 | 241 | 3.109375 | 3 |
Oxidative stress is thought to play a role in the development of cancer, heart disease, and many other chronic diseases. In general, the body has the ability to prevent and repair the cell damage caused by reactive oxygen species. However, when this capability is overwhelmed, oxidative stress occurs, resulting in damage to DNA and other cell components. Some vitamin and mineral supplements, such as Vitamin C, Vitamin E and selenium, are thought to have an antioxidant effect. This is of great interest because of its potential for disease prevention. However, little is known about the effects of specialty (non-vitamin, non-mineral) supplements, such as glucosamine, chondroitin, ginseng, and garlic, on oxidative stress and DNA damage and repair.
Drs. Elizabeth Kantor, Emily White, Cornelia Ulrich and colleagues in PHS, CRD, and the German Cancer Research Center in Heidelberg investigated the associations between oxidative stress, DNA damage and repair, and ten specialty supplements thought to have anti-inflammatory or antioxidant effects. 209 subjects from the VITamins And Lifestyle (VITAL) biomarker study were included, and they were interviewed about their use of glucosamine, chondroitin, fish oil, coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), methylsulfonylmethane (MSM), garlic, ginseng, ginkgo, saw palmetto, and fiber. Subjects also provided blood and urine samples, which were used to estimate oxidative stress and DNA damage and repair capacity. Two biomarkers of oxidative stress were measured in urine, including 8-isoprostane and PGF2-α, and both were corrected for levels of urinary creatinine. DNA damage was estimated using the Comet assay, a single cell measurement of DNA double strand breaks, and DNA repair capacity was evaluated at 15 and 60 minutes after irradiation of viable lymphocytes.
After accounting for differences in potential confounding factors, none of the specialty supplements were associated with levels of 8-isoprostane. People who had reported taking at least 14 glucosamine pills per week had 40% lower levels of PGF2-α, the other measure of oxidative stress, compared to non-users (p-value for trend: 0.01). Similarly, use of chondroitin (at least 14 pills per week) was associated with 47% lower PGF2-α compared to non-users (p-value for trend: 0.003). Since all chondroitin users were also taking glucosamine, investigators looked for an association among the 19 subjects using glucosamine alone, and observed no association. Dr. Kantor and co-authors pointed out that this may be due to the smaller sample size (and thus limited statistical power) in this analysis, or it may be that chondroitin alone is responsible for the observed association. It may also be that glucosamine and chondroitin act in concert; biologic studies provide some evidence for this. PGF2-α concentrations were also 43% lower among people who reported using at least 1 fiber supplement per week during the previous month (p-value: 0.01). This is consistent with some prior studies showing antioxidant effects of fiber in humans, but in those studies the fiber was taken in combination with other dietary factors, and so it was difficult to assess the role of fiber alone.
In terms of DNA damage and repair, use of CoQ10 was the only supplement associated with baseline DNA damage (58% lower among users versus non-users; p-value: 0.003). Past studies investigating the effects of CoQ10 on DNA damage have been sparse and have had mixed results. No supplements were associated with DNA repair capacity at 15 minutes after irradiation. One supplement, MSM, was associated with decreased repair capacity at 60 minutes post-irradiation (47% vs 64% of induced damage was repaired at 60 minutes in users versus non-users of MSM), even though in vitro studies have suggested that MSM reduces oxidative stress. Further studies will be necessary to confirm or refute these associations.
"This research is exciting, as it is the first human study to suggest that glucosamine and chondroitin use is associated with reduced oxidative stress, Dr. Kantor noted. This is consistent with in vitro and animal studies which have suggested that these supplements may reduce oxidative stress. Furthermore, the use of glucosamine and chondroitin have been linked to a lower risk of colorectal and lung cancers, and so this study provides a possible biologic mechanism for this association. However, Dr. Kantor acknowledged that more research is needed, to better understand these associations and the chemopreventive potential of these supplements."
Kantor ED, Ulrich CM, Owen RW, Schmezer P, Neuhouser ML, Lampe JW, Peters U, Shen DD, Vaughan TL, White E. 2013. Specialty supplement use and biologic measures of oxidative stress and DNA damage. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. Aug 5. [Epub ahead of print] | <urn:uuid:662e436b-b158-42c4-af8b-a30e5ff5c02d> | CC-MAIN-2018-26 | http://www.fredhutch.org/en/news/spotlight/imports/oxidative-stress-in-relation-to-the-use-of-specialty-dietary-sup.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-26/segments/1529267865098.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20180623152108-20180623172108-00153.warc.gz | en | 0.959886 | 1,054 | 2.640625 | 3 |
Found 1 items, similar to Adhesive slate.
English → English
Definition: Adhesive slate
(sl[=a]t), n. [OE. slat, sclat, OF. esclat a
shiver, splinter, F. ['e]clat, fr. OF. esclater to shiver, to
chip, F. ['e]clater, fr. OHG. sleizen to tear, slit, split,
fr. sl[=i]zan to slit, G. schleissen. See Slit
, v. t., and
1. (Min.) An argillaceous rock which readily splits into thin
plates; argillite; argillaceous schist.
2. Any rock or stone having a slaty structure.
3. A prepared piece of such stone. Especially:
(a) A thin, flat piece, for roofing or covering houses,
(b) A tablet for writing upon.
4. An artificial material, resembling slate, and used for the
5. A thin plate of any material; a flake. [Obs.]
6. (Politics) A list of candidates, prepared for nomination
or for election; a list of candidates, or a programme of
action, devised beforehand. [Cant, U.S.] --Bartlett.
(Min.), a kind of slate of a greenish gray
color, which absorbs water rapidly, and adheres to the
tongue; whence the name.
, or Alum slate
(Min.), a kind of slate
containing sulphate of alumina, -- used in the manufacture
(Min.), a soft species of sectile clay
slate, impregnated with bitumen.
(Min.), a slaty rock, consisting
essentially of hornblende and feldspar, useful for
flagging on account of its toughness.
or Slate axe
, a mattock with an ax end, used in
shaping slates for roofs, and making holes in them for the
(Geol.), an indurated clay, forming one of the
alternating beds of the coal measures, consisting of an
infusible compound of alumina and silica, and often used
for making fire bricks. --Tomlinson.
, a globe the surface of which is made of an
artificial slatelike material.
, a pencil of slate, or of soapstone, used for
writing on a slate.
(Min.), rocks which split into thin lamin[ae],
not necessarily parallel to the stratification; foliated
(Min.), a variety of calcite of silvery white
luster and of a slaty structure.
, a plate of translucent material, as
ground glass, upon which a copy of a picture, placed
beneath it, can be made by tracing. | <urn:uuid:48cc21c8-0657-4a85-b7dd-280be42fdcd0> | CC-MAIN-2018-34 | http://kamus.landak.com/cari?emang=Adhesive+slate | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-34/segments/1534221218899.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20180821191026-20180821211026-00267.warc.gz | en | 0.742994 | 611 | 2.921875 | 3 |
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM:Two departments in Kerala University Kariavattom campus will begin a three-year research project to study jellyfish blooms, which cause a dip in the catch of fish. Kerala State Council of Science, Technology and Environment has awarded a `25 lakh project to Department of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries as well as Centre for Venom Informatics, Department of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics.
To underscore the effect jellyfish blooms have on sardine (‘mathi’) catch, A Biju Kumar, Head, Department of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, quotes a study which Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute published in 2015. According to the study, jellyfish blooms devour on the plankton stages of sardine in large quantities. This does not just affect the recruitment of sardine, but screws up the entire food chain as plankton is also food for small fish species. “ Scientists started taking note of jellyfish blooms only in the past five or six years. The Madras Atomic Power Station, at Kalpakkam, had reported a problem of jellyfish clogging water inlets at the plant. A couple of years ago, swarms of dead jellyfish were washed ashore at Shangumugham. Now, the reports of blooms are more frequent, and that’s where this study will be helpful,” said Biju Kumar. The project ‘Taxonomic Diversity, Venom Characterization and Environmental Impacts of Jellyfish Blooms Along Kerala Coast’ will primarily start working on the documentation of jellyfish species off Kerala coast. The researchers will identify which type of jellyfish species have the tendency to form a bloom. They will also work on the characteristics of the venom of various jellyfish species. “ In Philippines, every day a person dies because of jellyfish sting. In Australia, there is a set of safe practices to protect people from jellyfish attacks,” Biju Kumar added.
Research conducted in western waters show that many of the causes for jellyfish blooms are manmade. Eutrophication or water becoming rich in nutrients, introduction of exotic species and overfishing are some reasons. “ Reduction in bill fish and dolphin fish as well as marine turtles, might create a conducive condition for a jellyfish, as these are some of its very few predators,” said Biju Kumar. | <urn:uuid:28175f31-e4d5-4f00-82af-39aac9197015> | CC-MAIN-2021-25 | https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/2015/nov/07/Research-to-Study-Jellyfish-Blooms-to-Begin-839947.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-25/segments/1623487622234.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20210616063154-20210616093154-00485.warc.gz | en | 0.950234 | 503 | 3.171875 | 3 |
Before a department may redistribute, sell, or dispose of computing equipment to another entity, all data must be removed from the storage device(s) to comply with IU Purchasing policy (FIN-PURCH-11). Departments must choose and correctly use a tool that performs at least a 1-pass wipe of the storage device. UISO has verified that the tools that can satisfy this requirement, if used correctly, are DBAN and Mac OS X's Disk Utility.
If a storage device is inoperable or cannot be wiped using one of these tools, then remaining options include degaussing and drive destruction. The UISO recommends against degaussing and encourages departments to use the IUB/IUPUI Surplus Data Destruction Service (see Destruction section below).
When a file is deleted using the usual methods inherent in an operating system, these methods typically only remove the pointers to the files -- NOT the actual files themselves. The data remains on the hard drive as unallocated space and can easily be recovered with readily available tools.
Another common misconception is that using system utilities like fdisk and re-formatting a hard drive will securely delete all data on the hard drive. Like rm and del, these utilities modify file system attributes but do not remove the actual data.
CD-ROM's, since they are read-only, introduce a different challenge in that there is no way to programmatically and securely delete the contents of the CD. Inoperable hard drives are also a challenge since they cannot be connected to a system and accessed through software.
Disk wiping is a term used to describe a method that writes a series of 1's and/or 0's over the disk to securely remove the data. Since tools that do this have to overwrite the entire disk, this process can be time-consuming.
For tools that securely wipe of hard drives see KB doc - How can I securely wipe disk drives?
For media that has contained highly sensitive data or for media that cannot be wiped (e.g., inoperable hard drives, DVD's) or degaussed (e.g., CD-ROM's), destruction of the media is the most effective means of ensuring that the data cannot be recovered.
The University has data destruction services available.
In order to be effective, the destruction has to be thorough. For example, a simple whack with a hammer leaves the majority of data on the media readable.
Degaussing is a process by which magnetic storage media is subjected to a powerful magnetic field to remove data on the media.
Since a degausser that meets the performance requirements set forth by the National Security Agency/Central Security Service, NSA/CSS, can be cost prohibitive, and is ineffective with optical media such as DVDs and CDs, the UISO recommends that departments take advantage of the Data Destruction Service offered by IUB/IUPUI Surplus (linked above).
Shred it! Information classified as Critical, when stored in paper form, must be properly destroyed. For low volume paper document destruction, units may consider purchasing a small cross-cut paper shredder. For high volume needs, a document destruction vendor may be the best solution. The Office of Procurement Services maintains a list of contracted vendors for document destruction.
I have an inoperable hard drive that contains sensitive data. What should I do?
Since disk wiping can’t be used, physical destruction is the best alternative.
I have a computer that is being replaced by a newer model and I would like to transfer this machine to another user in my department. The system has been used to store FERPA protected student records. What should I do?
Disk wiping is the best alternative.
I have a computer that is being replaced by a newer model and I would like to transfer this machine to another department on campus. The system was bought new and used as a public access terminal. It has never maintained sensitive data, but it does have applications installed on it that were licensed from a software vendor. What should I do?
Since data storage is not an issue, the simplest method would be to fdisk the system and reformat the hard drive. This process will ensure that any individually licensed software
I have a computer that is being replaced by a newer model and I would like to transfer this machine to another department on campus. The system has been used to store sensitive data. What should I do?
Once again, secure disk wiping is probably the best alternative.
I have a computer that has reached the end of its life and I cannot find another department at the University that wants it. What should I do?
University Purchasing has two policies that discuss this:
I have a hard drive containing sensitive data that has a mechanical failure, and the computer manufacturer is requesting that the drive be returned for replacement under warranty. What should I do?
Try informing the manufacturer that the drive contains sensitive data and that would prefer not to return it. If the manufacturer subsequently insists on return of the damaged drive before sending a replacement, then request a formal letter from the manufacturer stating that they will ensure all data is securely removed from the hard drive. If the vendor continues to refuse, purchase a replacement drive and destroy the damaged disk using one of the university’s destruction services (IU's Surplus Data Destruction Service).
I have a very large volume of media to be retired that contains sensitive data. What are my options?
University Purchasing can work with a professional shredder company that can come on campus and shred the media. When finished, they will also provide a certificate of destruction. Contact your campus Purchasing department for additional information.
I will no longer be using my BlackBerry or iPhone/iPad/iPod Touch. Must I remove all of my personal data from it? If so, how do I do that?
Yes, all data must be removed from smartphones, tablets, and other mobile devices that have been used to access, store, or manipulate institutional data.
Please consult the following Knowledge Base documents:
I may have sensitive data cached in my office copier or multifunction device. What do I do?
Read our article on Protecting Data in Copiers and Multifunction Devices.
Contact the Office of Procurement Services with any specific questions about equipment or related purchases. | <urn:uuid:1f201146-0b06-4ca5-916b-841b6c848ace> | CC-MAIN-2021-17 | https://informationsecurity.iu.edu/personal-preparedness/data-removal.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-17/segments/1618038067870.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20210412144351-20210412174351-00025.warc.gz | en | 0.934544 | 1,297 | 3.15625 | 3 |
Question: "Why should the Bible be our source for morality?"
Answer: If the Bible isn’t the Christian’s source for morality, then the question needs to be asked, “What should be?” The Christian worldview is based on two foundational axioms: 1) God exists, and 2) God has spoken to us in the Bible. If these two presuppositions aren’t the starting point in a Christian worldview, then we’re just like everyone else, trying to find objectivity in a sea of subjectivity.
According to the Bible, man was created in God’s image. Part of that image makes man a moral being. We are moral agents who make moral choices and are able to differentiate between right and wrong. The basis upon which we differentiate between right and wrong is our knowledge of God’s law, and that knowledge comes from two sources—revelation and conscience. Revelation is self-explanatory. God gave a commandment to Adam and Eve in the Garden. He gave Ten Commandments to the Israelites after the exodus in Sinai, and Jesus boiled those Ten Commandments down to two essential commandments—love God and love your neighbor. All of these represent God’s revelation of His law, which is simply a reflection of His moral character to His people.
The Bible also says that God wrote His law on our hearts (Romans 2:15). This is conscience. In other words, even without God’s revelation in the commandments, we intuitively know God’s law based on the fact that we were created in His image. However, due to the fall (Genesis 3), that image is marred and disfigured, including our conscience. So even though we know God’s law through our conscience, we tend to distort it to our advantage. That is why we need revelation.
The Bible, which contains God’s revealed moral will in His law and commandments, is His revelation to His people. As such, the Bible becomes our source of morality because the Bible is the very Word of God in written form (2 Timothy 3:16; 2 Peter 1:21). If the Christian wants to know God’s will, he turns to the Bible. If the Christian wants to discern right from wrong, he turns to the Bible.
What happens if the Christian doesn’t turn to the Bible as his or her source for morality? There are many ways to answer this question, but the bottom line is we all tend to trust our conscience, whether implicitly or explicitly. The human conscience can be likened to an alarm system; it warns us when we transgress our moral standard. The catch is our conscience is only as good as the moral standard that informs it. If it’s not the Bible, then we inevitably inform our conscience by various other means.
The current reigning “competitor” to biblical morality in our society is social consensus. In other words, our morality is shaped and changed by the culture around us. It should be easy to see that if social consensus is our moral compass, then we have built our morality on a foundation of shifting sand. Social consensus is just that—a consensus. It’s a picture of the general social mores of the day. A generation or two ago, homosexuality, divorce and adultery were still not accepted, even considered sinful. Nowadays, both homosexuality and divorce are normal and adultery isn’t as stigmatized as it once was. Basically, what we have with social consensus is what happened to the Israelites a couple generations after conquering the Promised Land: “Everyone did what was right in his own eyes” (Judges 17:6). The people abandoned God, and within two generations they were doing what was evil in the sight of God.
So why should the Bible be our source for morality? Because without it, we are like ships adrift at sea. At the end of the Sermon on the Mount, our Lord said these words: “Everyone then who hears these words of mine and does them will be like a wise man who built His house on the rock. And the rain fell, and the floods came, and the winds blew and beat on that house, but it did not fall, because it had been founded on the rock” (Matthew 7:24-25). The Word of God, the Bible, is the only rock upon which to build morality. | <urn:uuid:be6948ba-18ed-423d-a460-724a5f3042c2> | CC-MAIN-2016-18 | http://www.gotquestions.org/Printer/Bible-morality-PF.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-18/segments/1461860117783.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20160428161517-00027-ip-10-239-7-51.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.964203 | 923 | 2.578125 | 3 |
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These are technologies that were developed to let doctors look inside the human body without cutting into it. Your doctor will choose which of these procedures is the most appropriate based on a number of criteria. Because each person’s treatment path and ultimate prognosis are often tied to the results of the various scans, many cancer patients develop “scanxiety” (i.e. scan anxiety) either during their scans, or while awaiting the results. These days many scan (and other medical test results) are sent directly to the patient via a patient portal as soon as they become available. My advice is to NOT look at your scan results in advance of going over them with your doctor. That’s because the descriptions often cannot be correctly interpreted without medical knowledge, and it’s easy for a patient to think that a particular phrase suggests something bad when it fact it does not. You’ll have to wait to discuss treatment options (based on the scan results) with your doctor until you meet in person, so I suggest going over the scan at the same time.
Here are some basic descriptions, but these techniques can be used in different ways depending on circumstances:
X-rays: An x-ray involves exposing a part of the body to a small dose of ionizing radiation to produce pictures of the inside of the body. X-rays are the oldest and most frequently used form of medical imaging. They are relatively inexpensive. Often used to visualize injuries to arms and legs.
Ultrasound: Ultrasound imaging (also called sonograms or sonography or ultrasound scanning) uses high-frequency sound waves to obtain images from inside the human body. Unlike x-ray radiography or CT scanning, there is no ionizing radiation exposure with sonography. It’s good for visualizing fluid filled cavities such as the womb (hence its use in pregnant women to see the developing fetus), the heart, and the gallbladder.
MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an exam that uses a strong magnet to take pictures of internal organs and tissues. There is no ionizing radiation, as with X-rays or CT scans. The level of detail with MRI is extraordinary compared to any other imaging technique. However, it does not do a good job at seeing inside air filled cavities, such as the lungs. It is expensive and time consuming. Some people don’t like to get MRI exams because they get claustrophobic inside the MRI machine.
CT scan: A computed tomography (CT or CAT) scan allows doctors to see inside your body. It shows more detail than a regular X-ray. CT scanners use a narrow X-ray beam that circles around one part of your body. This provides a series of images from many different angles. A computer uses this information to create a cross-sectional picture. Like one piece in a loaf of bread, this two-dimensional (2D) scan shows a “slice” of the inside of your body. This process is repeated to produce a number of slices. The computer stacks these scans one on top of the other to create a three-dimensional (3D) image. This can give your doctor a better view of your organs, bones, or blood vessels. The dosage of X-rays from a CT scan is much, much greater than from a single X-ray. It can give 70 to 200 times as much radiation as a chest X-ray. It is also significantly more expensive than an X-ray.
PET scan: A positron emission tomography (PET) scan is an imaging test that uses a special dye containing radioactive tracers. These tracers are either swallowed, inhaled, or injected into a vein in your arm depending on what part of the body is being examined. Certain organs and tissues then absorb the tracer. The tracer will collect in areas of higher chemical activity, which is helpful because certain tissues of the body, and certain diseases, have a higher level of chemical activity. These areas of disease will show up as bright spots on the PET scan. Today, almost all PET scans are performed on instruments that are combined PET and CT scanners. The combined PET/CT scans provide images that pinpoint the anatomic location of abnormal metabolic activity within the body. The combined scans have been shown to provide more accurate diagnoses than the two scans performed separately. PET scans are also very expensive.
Note: PET scans are often done as part of the initial workup of newly diagnosed HPV+ head and neck cancer patients, where they can show how far the disease has spread. However, they have also been done as part of follow up surveillance for patients post-treatment. A study was done to determine if this was equally valuable: Corpman, D.W. et al Posttreatment surveillance PET/CT for HPV‐associated oropharyngeal cancer. Head and Neck 41, 2, 456-462 (2019). Here are the results: “Surveillance PET/CT demonstrated 100% negative predictive value and sensitivity, 59.9% specificity, and 13.4% positive predictive value. Surveillance PET/CT led to 90 imaging studies and 31 biopsies; 91.1% and 77.4% were negative for recurrence, respectively. Surveillance PET/CT led to meaningful salvage therapy in 1.6% of cases. PET/CT‐detected recurrences did not have improved survival compared to clinically detected recurrences.” Their overall conclusion: “For HPV+OPSCC patients, surveillance PET/CTs frequently lead to unnecessary testing and rarely to meaningful disease salvage. They have no demonstrated survival benefit and should be interpreted cautiously to prevent patient harm.”
In simple terms, PET scans rarely find any cancer recurrences, and as a result, many places have eliminated them once patients have gotten past the first couple of years. Recurrences are usually found by the patients themselves as they develop symptoms, at which point they contact their doctors.
Just to be clear: I am NOT a doctor. The information contained in this website is NOT intended as a recommendation for the self management of health problems, medical conditions, or wellness. It is not intended to endorse or recommend any particular type of medical treatment, physician, or treatment facility. Should any reader have any health care related questions, I strongly suggest you call or consult your physician or healthcare provider before looking into other things on the internet. The information contained in this website should NOT be used by any reader to disregard medical and/or health related advice or provide a basis to delay consultation with a physician or a qualified healthcare provider. HPV Cancer Resources disclaims any liability based on information provided in this website. | <urn:uuid:d1e823a4-e305-4f1f-9a7c-29d80b4fd945> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://hpvcancerresources.org/patientinfo/scans/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141542358.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20201201013119-20201201043119-00166.warc.gz | en | 0.946997 | 1,386 | 2.875 | 3 |
4 Stretch questions and wicked problems
Week 1 discussed wicked problems – those that defy known, technical solutions. We can now progress our thinking around wicked problems a step further. When a problem is approached as a ‘tame’ problem (i.e. one that can be tackled with a managerial or technical approach), the tendency is to ask less questions or for the questions posed to be narrower in scope, focusing on refining a known approach.
Grint (2005) provides the decision by the United States government and its allies to invade Iraq in 2003 as a case in point. Grint outlines how George W. Bush and his advisors approached the problem of Iraq first as a crisis problem and then as a tame problem. Talking about something in crisis terms enables a response that tends to focus power in the hands of a commander who claims to know best: we are made to feel as though we are facing an immediate danger and hence are more prepared to sacrifice our discretion and even sometimes democratic rights in order for decisive action to be taken. The second move of Bush, according to Grint, was then to approach the war and its aftermath in managerial terms: fighting a traditional war with a definable beginning and end against a known and identifiable enemy.
Missing in Bush’s approach, according to Grint, was the presence of stretch questions, open questions that could have redefined the very problem strategists and politicians believed they were trying to solve. Such questions would seek to make people think about the problem in more complex, less immediately solvable but, in the longer term, more helpful ways.
The chairs of voluntary organisations often see their jobs as asking these kinds of questions of their organisations: of exploring and even gently provoking staff into exploring what they do not know about a problem.
There are salient lessons in here for leadership. Namely, that the leadership response of opening an issue up with a stretch question may be the course that is the hardest for people in positions of authority. But, then again, since when was leadership about taking the easy path?
Ideally, asking stretch questions is not the sole preserve of people in official leadership roles. On the contrary, we want to be in a situation where anyone within an organisation feels able to ask such questions and, furthermore, to be rewarded for doing so. More than any other practice, being able to collectively pursue a questioning approach is the hallmark of healthy, participative and collaborative leadership.
Activity 3 Stretch questions in your organisation
Visit your learning journal and spend 15 minutes reflecting on whether your organisation is currently equipped to allow people to ask stretch questions. If yes, then can you think of any examples or point to anything in particular in the organisation that seems to make this practice possible. If no, can you think of anything that might enable this practice to take root? Make sure you title the post with the week number and the number of this activity, Week 4 Activity 3.
Of course, we are not naïve idealists. We recognise that asking tough questions can be hard. This is especially the case when the person asking the question has little or no official positional power. Such people can be labelled troublemakers (and sometimes they are!). It is therefore of absolute importance that organisations think about how they can make such behaviour not only acceptable but also desirable. You might work in an organisation, however, where this kind of stretch questioning practice is simply off limits, for one reason or another. If this is the case but you would still like to practice in a safe environment, you could always adopt the strategy of stretch questions informally with friends or family – think of it as training to better equip you for work in the next organisation you join. | <urn:uuid:766de601-e719-4c56-a62c-ef2b49426a7d> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.open.edu/openlearncreate/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=105443§ion=4 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233511386.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20231004152134-20231004182134-00613.warc.gz | en | 0.964631 | 749 | 2.734375 | 3 |
LinuxPlanet: Linux Home Networking, Part 5Oct 10, 2000, 13:10 (0 Talkback[s])
(Other stories by William Wong)
"Setting up a Linux server as a router with two Ethernet network adapters is more straightforward compared to the dynamic dial-up connection presented in this article because of two things. The first is the fixed IP addresses involved. Second, routing and NAT configuration is static. With a dial-up connection these change. The IP address for the dial-up connection is normally assigned using DHCP by the ISP when a connection is made. Likewise, the routing configuration must be changed to accommodate the new IP address."
"This article takes a look at how to configure pppd. Pppd is the Linux point-to-point protocol (PPP) daemon. It provides a network interface to a serial connection that is typically an analog modem or possibly an ISDN adapter. PPP is also used on some non-dial-up connections. More specifically, some ISPs provide DSL and cable modem connections using PPP. In this case, the connection to the PC is via an Ethernet connection is the same as using fixed IP addresses but a protocol called PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE) is used. PPPoE operates the same way PPP does so we will not look at this in any more detail but concentrate on pppd. Typically just the programs are different and some configuration details differ."
"Two items must be addressed for the dial-up connection to be used. The first is the pppd program that provides the connection. The second is the ipchains program."
0 Talkback[s] (click to add your comment) | <urn:uuid:bbcb64eb-7f1a-4f85-b82f-f327249d126d> | CC-MAIN-2015-48 | http://www.linuxtoday.com/infrastructure/2000101000521NWHWSV | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-48/segments/1448398471441.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20151124205431-00175-ip-10-71-132-137.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.922467 | 348 | 2.875 | 3 |
On Thursday, the Bureau of Labor Statistics released its annual American Time Use survey, a peek into how Americans divvy up the 168 precious hours they have in every week. And while new studies show that four in ten women in the U.S. are the main person responsible for bringing home the bacon, the survey shows that in 2012 they were also still responsible for cooking it, too:
On an average day, 82 percent of women and 65 percent of men spent some time doing household activities such as housework, cooking, lawn care, or financial and other household management.
On the days they did household activities, women spent an average of 2.6 hours on such activities, while men spent 2.0 hours.
On an average day, 20 percent of men did housework–such as cleaning or doing laundry–compared with 48 percent of women. Thirty-nine percent of men did food preparation or cleanup, compared with 65 percent of women.
These numbers are statistically identical to the results of last year’s survey, save for the fact that men worked for pay on average 55 minutes more than women in 2012, as compared to 47 minutes more in 2011. Indeed, among the full-time workforce, men worked an average of 8.5 hours a week compared with women’s 7.9 hours.
Such statistics lend credence to the idea that even the most financially successful women are stuck with a “second shift” when they get home from work. Adding insult to injury, women are also still facing a pay gap compared to their male colleagues, meaning that they’re doing the same work, getting paid less to do it, and are still expected — even by their partners — to fulfill the gender stereotyped role of woman-as-caregiver/housekeeper/cook. | <urn:uuid:5818ce4f-3dbb-45dc-8cdb-842b857c70f9> | CC-MAIN-2015-27 | http://thinkprogress.org/economy/2013/06/21/2193581/breadwinners-housework-time-use/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-27/segments/1435375096780.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20150627031816-00173-ip-10-179-60-89.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.97622 | 371 | 2.625 | 3 |
Without proper law enforcement, the rule of the law would mean nothing. Concept of pure concept of Law:- At the time of Kelson there are Ist world was which destricted the property of human beings at worldwide level. So he gave power to the worldwide law and avoiding the destructions of the world. Secondly throughout that point many nations adopted written structure. So Kelson also get influenced from these written constitutions and gave his personal concept which relies on grandnorms.
In the development of society, law developed and with the event of law the concept of authorized character come into existence. Within the ancient times there was no idea of authorized persona but because the society developed the person was recognised because the representative of the State and a separate character was given to him. Within the due course of time corporation and companies got here into existence such firms and company were given the separate character so in this approach these our bodies are actually known as as legal persons.
People keep unhappy with the merchandise they buy particularly and often with cars. They believe that there’s fault of their automotive. It must be taken to the restore store again and again. On this case, some law is introduced that gives options to satisfy the particular person and make him sure that the product meets his requirements. The law is the lemon law.
1. Goods and companies displayed and launched at commerce gala’s and exhibitions in Vietnam are permitted to be offered, introduced as gifts or provided at such commerce fairs and exhibitions; for imported items, registration thereof must be made with customs offices, apart from the instances laid out in Clause 2 of this Article.
In historic instances, almost way back to recorded history, an thought was developed that there were only two places individuals could possibly be; they could be “on land” or “on water.” This concept goes as far again into history as ancient Babylon, and was particularly essential to the Roman Empire. | <urn:uuid:48f7ca36-9574-4674-875b-0e707c90b774> | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | https://angelawalkerrealestateagentazletx.com/tag/gaming/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296950422.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20230402074255-20230402104255-00090.warc.gz | en | 0.982636 | 396 | 2.703125 | 3 |
A Vox article, American energy use, in one diagram, shows that US Scientists using the metric system are Mormons Making Coffee, without adding any coffee. A diagram is presented for 2016 energy use in the United States:
The units used are in quadrillion BTUs. BTUs are not even a well defined unit. It is stated that a BTU is about 1055 joules. So, a quadrillion BTUs is about 1055 Petajoules. The chart has this run-down for energy consumed in the US:
Because the energy values are BTUs nested inside of a name called a Quad, this is even worse than using Olde English prefixes. The actual energy unit is hidden in a nickname. Clearly it could be worse, the different energy sources could be a mixture of KWh, “metric tons” of coal, and so on. The Quad is simply an Argot, used by insiders to make what they do less transparent. See my essay, John and the Argot-nauts. The author of the article tries to put a Quad in perspective by offering this list of Quad equivalents.
A “quad” is one quadrillion (a thousand trillion) BTUs. Here, according to Wikipedia, are a few things equivalent to a quad:
8,007,000,000 gallons (US) of gasoline
293,071,000,000 kilowatt-hours (kWh)
36,000,000 metric tons of coal
970,434,000,000 cubic feet of natural gas
25,200,000 metric tons of oil
So a quad is a lot of energy. The US consumed 97.3 quads in 2016, an amount that has stayed roughly steady (within a quad or so) since 2000.
This list of units seems to ask a reader to add apples, oranges, grapes, strawberries, blueberries and then compare the sum to bananas. In the metric system we choose but one fruit for comparison. In this case the choice of Petajoules will produce integer comparison values for the smallest and the largest values.
If we use Naughtin’s Laws to rewrite this list in metric we obtain:
The data is presented in all integers and the numbers are easily comparable. Solar and Geothermal do not contribute much of the total, but Natural Gas, Coal, and Petroleum do. Even in the US, a joule is almost certainly a more recognizable energy unit than a Quad, as is the metric prefix modifier Peta- (Petabytes of data storage). The units are suppressed in the original diagram, so we could indicate all values are in Petajoules (PJ) and simplify the table further:
The article notes that most people immediately notice the amount of wasted energy, which is about two thirds according to the article, or about 68 435 Petajoules.
The same diagram from 1970 is presented, also in Quads:
It shows that in 1970 we generated about 71 213 Petajoules of energy and wasted 32 178 Petajoules. Wow, we now officially waste about as much energy as we generated in 1970!
In 1950 the total generated energy was 32 810 Petajoules, of which about half was
The larger point is that scientists at LLNL continue to express energy values the same way they did in 1950. There is also a strange implicit assumption that if the values are presented in pre-metric units, that somehow they will be understood better by the public. This is probably just a rationalization for using internal argot to express these values. One can only speculate why there has never been a change. One thing that is certain, is there has been a significant change in the complexity of our energy generation in the US since the 1950s. The 1950 diagram has four energy inputs, today we have nine. To best understand this information, one should examine how it has been presented in the past and consider a simpler, more intuitive way of expressing this data. The metric system would be a good start, and perhaps reading Edward Tufte might be the next step for government scientists to investigate better ways to express this data, assuming they actually want to, not just for public understanding, but for scientists, engineers and others.
Thanks to Peter Goodyear for bringing this article to my attention.
If you liked this essay and wish to support the work of The Metric Maven, please visit his Patreon Page
The Metric Maven has published a book titled The Dimensions of The Cosmos. It examines the basic quantities of the world from yocto to Yotta with a mixture of scientific anecdotes and may be purchased here. | <urn:uuid:4945b8bd-1f45-4aeb-baf0-4d73f20393cd> | CC-MAIN-2019-47 | http://themetricmaven.com/?m=201707 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-47/segments/1573496669730.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20191118080848-20191118104848-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.930839 | 962 | 3.03125 | 3 |
- (botany) Any member of the family Cactaceae, a family of flowering New World succulent plants suited to a hot, semi-desert climate.
- Any succulent plant with a thick fleshy stem bearing spines but no leaves, including euphorbs.
In modern English, the term cactus properly refers to plants belonging to the family Cactaceae. With one exception, all are native to the New World (the Americas). The sole exception is Rhipsalis, a jungle epiphyte found in tropical Africa, Madagascar, and Sri Lanka, as well as North and South America. Informally, cactus is used to refer to any stem succulent adapted to a dry climate, notably species from genus Euphorbia with forms reminiscent of Cactaceae. To be precise, these succulents are correctly described as "cactoid" or "cactiform" unless they are actual members of the Cactaceae.
- (member of Cactaceae): succulent
cactus (not comparable)
- (Australia, New Zealand, slang) Non-functional, broken, exhausted.
- 2009, Will Chaffey, Swimming with Crocodiles: An Australian Adventure, page 108,
- ‘It′s cactus,’ Rod, the helicopter pilot, said at the sound of the piston ring shattering.
- Hyphenation: cac‧tus
cactus m (plural cactus)
- “cactus” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
- cactus in Charlton T. Lewis & Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “cactus” in Félix Gaffiot (1934), Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Paris: Hachette. | <urn:uuid:5fe21d24-5db7-494d-9f34-0707a6764a7d> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/cactus | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721405.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00375-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.650116 | 402 | 3.140625 | 3 |
Historically, Canada has looked to Great Britain for its military culture. During the First and Second World War, the Canadian army was virtually interchangeable with the British army. However, the decline of the British military power starting in 1940 increasingly caused Canada to gravitate towards her neighbour to the south.
"From Mother Country to Far Away Relative: The Canadian-British Military Relationship from 1945,"
Canadian Military History:
1, Article 7.
Available at: http://scholars.wlu.ca/cmh/vol18/iss1/7 | <urn:uuid:51e9e91b-4909-4aac-b222-d960edfc7b44> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://scholars.wlu.ca/cmh/vol18/iss1/7/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719465.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00223-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.918878 | 112 | 2.953125 | 3 |
Academic Program Goals
Approved by Faculty on November 11, 2011
Communicate clearly and cogently.
Write and discuss as means of learning and discovery.
Read texts critically.
Reason effectively with words, numbers, and symbols.
Locate, analyze, evaluate, and share information using emerging and established technologies.
Create and interpret ideas using various modes of representation.
Seek intellectual risks and grapple with ambiguity and uncertainty.
Exploration, Discovery and Integration
Explore and experience various modes of creative expression.
Build a broad disciplinary and inter-disciplinary knowledge base.
Understand that knowledge is embedded in multiple contexts (e.g., social, historical, cultural, scientific, ethical, etc.).
Develop and apply different modes of inquiry to pose questions and address problems.
Engagement and Social Responsibility
Understand the multiple contexts (e.g., cultural, ethnic, racial, national, socioeconomic, religious, biological, etc.) that shape our construction of human differences.
Recognize how hierarchies and disparities shape and are shaped by institutions and social relations.
Make principled decisions as individuals and citizens of local, national, and global communities.
Develop a capacity to act on the basis of one’s own reasoned beliefs. | <urn:uuid:02c52a9d-1513-43a9-9151-d51500868434> | CC-MAIN-2015-11 | http://www.muhlenberg.edu/main/aboutus/provost/AcademicProgramGoals.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-11/segments/1424936462331.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20150226074102-00186-ip-10-28-5-156.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.865728 | 256 | 2.921875 | 3 |
Two things that never fail to bring bundles of joy into most of our lives are our gardens and our pets.
And while we try our best to look after both as best we can, are there potential hazards lurking in our gardens that could be harmful to our cats and dogs?
Renowned animal charity, People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA), has released information to all dog and cat owners warning them of a common weed in British gardens that can be harmful – and in the worst of cases, deadly – to both species.
In addition, it's not just in our gardens that we need to take care – PETA also highlight that dogs are just as exposed during walks.
The weed is a grass called foxtail and can often be seen in the form of a spikelet that carries the foxtail seed.
PETA warn that the sharp tip of the spikelet, which is used to drill into the ground so the seed can germinate, can get lodged in the animals' skin, feet, nose, mouth, ears or genitals.
Once lodged, the weed can continue to bury and, in worse case scenarios, reach the brain or vital organs. This can cause pain, infections, abscesses, perforated lungs and, potentially, death.
Which dogs are at risk?
Long-haired dogs are at a higher risk of coming into contact with foxtail seeds as they can get swept up and caught in their coat.
Dogs with upright ears are also vulnerable as there is less of a barrier to stop foreign bodies from entering the ear canal.
How can pet owners decrease the risk?
PETA suggest keeping dogs away from overgrown, grassy areas and, if possible, choosing a walk along the road or through a forest as opposed to open meadows.
What can you do if you find foxtail on your dog?
If a foxtail spikelet is only slightly lodged into your animal, remove it carefully with tweezers. If, however, it is buried quite far, consult your vet immediately.
For more information and advice about foxtail, ask your vet. | <urn:uuid:e0a42a54-6d11-4c88-88c6-3f31355a5bdc> | CC-MAIN-2017-22 | http://www.countryliving.co.uk/homes-interiors/gardens/news/a690/foxtail-weed-harmful-to-dog/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-22/segments/1495463608067.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20170525121448-20170525141448-00006.warc.gz | en | 0.966268 | 442 | 3.109375 | 3 |
Students and professors at University of North Carolina Wilmington have a small contraption that they believe can simultaneously solve environmental and economic issues by turning plastic, a pollutant, into oil, a commodity. Now, those involved with the project are working to convince local business leaders and government officials to implement the concept.
The piece of equipment is called a tabletop depolymerizer, and UNCW is the first university to receive one, said Scott Davis, Plastic Ocean Project business development intern. The college partnered on the research with national nonprofit Plastic Ocean Project and PK Clean, the makers of the technology.
The U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) reports, “In the United States, plastics are not made from crude oil. They are manufactured from hydrocarbon gas liquids (HGL) and natural gas. HGL are byproducts of petroleum refining and natural gas processing. These liquids are used as feedstocks by petrochemical manufacturers to make plastic and are used as fuels in the manufacturing process.”
Plastic Ocean Project executive director Bonnie Monteleone was the driving force behind UNCW acquiring the technology, Davis added. Monteleone, who also works in the chemistry department at UNCW, has completed countless expeditions to gather data and marine plastic.
The equipment’s location at UNCW means not only can Monteleone use it, but grad students and members of the college’s chapter of Plastic Ocean Project can too. Currently, Davis said, they are working to figure out what type of plastic creates what type of oil — and, subsequently, how each type of oil can be used. They’ve been able to form oil out of all types of plastic except PVC.
The technology hasn’t caught on yet because earlier versions made by other companies yielded a toxic byproduct, Davis said, and there hasn’t previously been data to prove a return on investment.
He hopes municipalities will take interest in PK Clean’s large-scale unit, which can process 10 tons of mixed recycling daily. Local industries showing interest in the technology are asphalt and petrochemical, he said. Davis and Monteleone are also spreading the word around campus, holding informational events April 4, and April 5 they presented the equipment and research to a few of the New Hanover County Commissioners.
Plastic Ocean Project’s main mission is keeping plastic out of the ocean, which PK Clean’s new technology would do. Plastic Ocean Project estimates there are 600 million pounds of plastic in the ocean, where it can be consumed by marine life.
PK Clean’s technology would also keep plastic out of landfills. Three hundred million tons of plastics are produced globally each year, brochures distributed during the April 4 meeting stated, yet only about 10 percent is recycled. Davis said there’s just not enough motivation to recycle.
One problem for consumers is convenience — there aren’t always nearby recycling bins and some municipalities, like Davis’ Wrightsville Beach community, don’t offer curbside recycling. For municipalities, the issue is economic.
“Right now, New Hanover County is losing about $40 per ton of plastic that they collect out of the recycling stream because as oil prices drop, plastic waste loses value,” Davis said.
PK Clean’s data shows the large-scale unit, with the ability to process 10 tons daily, will pay for itself in less than three years.
Davis believes if people and municipalities know their recycling efforts go directly toward creating a valuable commodity like oil, they will be more likely to recycle.
“Once people know that it’s actually going to serve a purpose, create more revenue for municipalities, then you’re much more inclined to throw it in the recycling bin,” he said.
Davis, Monteleone and representatives from PK Clean are working to get others to buy into the concept by appealing to people’s minds and pocketbooks but also to their hearts, by encouraging them to be part of solving what Davis calls the “completely avoidable problem” of plastic pollution.
“Hope, that’s my biggest selling point,” he said. | <urn:uuid:cbd34453-1ace-40e8-884c-0e71b33d1214> | CC-MAIN-2020-24 | http://luminanews.com/2016/04/technology-turns-plastic-into-oil/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-24/segments/1590347409337.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20200530133926-20200530163926-00308.warc.gz | en | 0.954521 | 866 | 3.0625 | 3 |
As farms and cities in the central United States flourished, prairie grasses disappeared. Tallgrass prairies are now among our most endangered habitats--only about 4 percent remain. Prairie birds have shown the most sustained population declines of any bird group in North America. Audubon is partnering with ranchers who own remaining grasslands to develop market-based management that benefits prairie birds while sustaining the livelihoods of the ranchers. A pilot effort starting in Kansas, Nebraska, and Missouri will focus on such species as the Henslow's Sparrow, Greater Prairie-Chicken, and Upland Sandpiper. Work to advance grassland-bird-friendly beef production in the Great Plains is modeled on early efforts in the Southern Cone Grasslands of Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, and Paraguay.
The Bottom Line: Conservation impact on 20 million U.S. acres and 2.5 million acres in South America; improved outcomes for six priority bird species. | <urn:uuid:77ade22a-ff4b-442c-b1cd-db7132cc74d9> | CC-MAIN-2014-10 | http://conservation.audubon.org/incubator-project-prairie-birds | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-10/segments/1394011098060/warc/CC-MAIN-20140305091818-00084-ip-10-183-142-35.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.883298 | 194 | 3.390625 | 3 |
What is eczema?
Eczema is a skin condition that is characterised by inflammation, redness and itchiness. The most common type of eczema is atopic dermatitis or atopic eczema. Skin will become dry and may even become sore and cracked. It can affect the whole body but the most likely culprits are the hands, back of knees, inside of elbows, face and scalp.
What causes eczema?
Eczema occurs when the function of the skin barrier becomes compromised. This barrier is called the natural moisture factor. It may be affected by:
- Using harsh skincare products
- Over exfoliation
- Harsh peels
- UV damage
- Low-fat diets
What can I do to improve eczema?
- Use gentle skincare products. Visit a reputable skin clinic for advice.
- Avoid perfumed products.
- Eat a healthy balanced diet.
- Use mindfulness techniques to avoid stress.
What foods might trigger eczema?
Some foods are associated with triggering eczema breakouts. They are often considered to be common allergens.
- Cows milk
Other foods may also cause a response such as tomatoes, citrus and certain spices
If you suffer from eczema and would like to see if avoiding these foods we recommend trying an elimination diet by cutting the listed foods out one at a time to identify if they are contributing to your condition. We always advise that you get advice from your doctor, who might also suggest an allergy test.
What foods may help reduce symptoms of eczema?
There is evidence to show that a healthy immune system will help to improve overall wellbeing and have an effect on your skin too. Having a healthy digestive system with a diverse range of bacteria in the gut can help to boost the immune system. There is evidence to show that eating probiotic foods to promote gut bacteria may be effective in combating eczema. There are many probiotic supplements available, however, it is also beneficial to add probiotic foods to your diet. Add foods such as yoghurt, kimchi, sauerkraut, miso, tempeh and kombucha to your diet.
Sugar has been linked to rising obesity levels, it is also one of the guilty parties in the increased number of eczema sufferers. Eating a diet high sugar and refined carbohydrates leads to increased insulin levels which causes inflammation within the body.
Replace refined sugars with fruits and eat whole grain with plenty of fresh vegetables.
Increase your zinc intake
Zinc is particularly beneficial for many skin conditions. You can improve your zinc levels by introducing red meat, dark chocolate, seafood and pumpkin seeds. Collagen Shots can provide your daily intake of zinc.
How Flavonoids can help to beat eczema
Flavonoids are plant nutrients that often give our fruits and vegetables their radiant rich colours, for example, the deep reds in berries and vibrant orange in carrots. These plant molecules are associated with many health benefits and one of those benefits is the rebalancing of the immune system. Studies suggest that these super potent nutrients reduce the histamine release and boost the skins ability to fight infection.
Research has shown that many different flavonoids especially quercetin has proven to be particularly effective and it can be found in high amounts in red onions.
Omega 3 to nourish the skin?
Omega 3 can help to minimise skin irritations; it can help to reduce overall inflammation in the body that leads to itching. Omega 3 is a combination of DHA and EPA and it is the EPA that helps to ‘waterproof’ skin cells by boosting the cell membrane. This, in turn, moisturises the skin from the inside out. Traditionally the best source of Omega 3 was from oily fish, however, Rejuvenated’s Aliol is a perfect for all dietary types as it is a totally natural vegan source of Omega 3. Aliol is formulated with the algae that the fish actually feed on.
Can a collagen supplement help with eczema?
A high-quality collagen supplement helps to stimulate fibroblasts which naturally promotes the synthesis of collagen. Collagen is the most abundant protein in the skin and drinking a collagen supplement will help to promote healthy skin on the outside. Find out more about how collagen can improve the quality of your skin here. | <urn:uuid:40d21cbf-8b87-4e02-ab94-e844c959fed6> | CC-MAIN-2021-31 | https://rejuvenated.com/us/what-is-the-best-natural-eczema-treatment/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-31/segments/1627046150134.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20210724063259-20210724093259-00488.warc.gz | en | 0.940794 | 910 | 3.15625 | 3 |
PWM. - Here is Introduction 8 Channel Proportionally Spaced PWM For AVR Microcontrollers without Circuit Schematic. The assembly code given here was written to see what it would take to make an AT90S1200 generate 8 channels of proper PWM. In this case, by proper, I mean with the maximum high frequency content consistent with the needed duty cycle and give clock. Take a look at the scope shots below and notice that when the data value is =$02, there pulse frequency is twice that which occurs when the data value is =$01. The significance of this is that the percent of ripple voltage out of the low pass filter stays much more constant as the data values change than they would with a conventional PWM that merely varies the width of a single pulse (see the auto zero code for the RF Field Strength Probe for an example of code that does this). Take a look at the pictures below to see the effect. | <urn:uuid:eb6af91f-0cc7-4f77-bcd1-ab4193e3b155> | CC-MAIN-2017-09 | http://electronicindex.blogspot.com/2015/02/introduction-8-channel-proportionally.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-09/segments/1487501174167.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20170219104614-00100-ip-10-171-10-108.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.942239 | 193 | 2.765625 | 3 |
Here’s an interesting ‘graph from an even more interesting article:
Black holes are frustrating, though, because their extreme gravity exposes the major inadequacy in our current scientific understanding of the universe – we don’t know how to reconcile quantum mechanics and general relativity. With general relativity, we can make accurate predictions about objects with certainty, but on the tiny scale of quantum mechanics it’s only possible to talk about the behaviour of objects in terms of probability. When we do the maths on what happens to things that fall into black holes, using relativity gives results that break quantum mechanics; the same goes vice versa.
Another astounding note: “The choice for physicists, once again, was to: a) accept the firewall, and throw out general relativity, or b) accept that information dies in black holes, and quantum mechanics is wrong.”
Perhaps a better explanation of it, tho longer, is found here: Nature – Steven Hawking: there are no black holes…
The interesting thing about all this to me is that it shows just how confused science is about what’s actually going on in the universe. Despite the fact that our old science and a little general relativity work pretty well on the practical scale so that rockets shot at the moon actually get there and such, it’s much less satisfying on the philosophical level. It doesn’t work at all when it comes to answering really fundamental questions like ‘what is the source of gravity?’ or ‘what is the nature of light?’ or ‘how do we know that what we know is accurate?’.
From another source, an even better formulation of the problem:
As I have mentioned in previous articles, physics is fractured. It has produced two theories that are shining beacons of modern science: quantum mechanics and general relativity. Both are accurate to the limits of our ability to measure them, and both have predicted results that were years ahead of their time and later experimentally verified. However, the similarities end there. At the heart of quantum mechanics is a mathematical framework of linear equations that describes the very small bits of the universe as probabilistic. General relativity is described by an elegant set of highly nonlinear equations that detail the very big in a completely deterministic manner: polar opposites that stand in stark contrast with one another. This discrepancy has reared its ugly head every now and again, but one place it is clearly demonstrated is the “information loss paradox.”
— From Matt Ford in ArsTechnica A potential solution…
Though this paradox seems to have been resolved here: Astrophysics — it’s still a basic contradiction between General Relativity and Quantum Mechanics, and leaves many questions unanswered. And raises as many new ones as it answers, at least for me:
… presenting physicists with a stark choice: either accept that firewalls exist and that general relativity breaks down, or accept that information is lost in black holes and quantum mechanics is wrong1. “For us, firewalls seem like the least crazy option, given that choice,” says Marolf.
The failings of science are even more pronounced when we get into questions about why and how all this is even here in the first place. Personally, I’ve always preferred the ancient formula — “What happens at the end of a kalpa? The Iron Tree blooms in the Void.” | <urn:uuid:2d200384-201a-4ef9-b1fd-42c34fb52931> | CC-MAIN-2021-21 | https://shunyatasapprentice.com/2014/01/28/aha-no-black-holes/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-21/segments/1620243991641.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20210511025739-20210511055739-00037.warc.gz | en | 0.95178 | 705 | 2.6875 | 3 |
As a grower, you’ve likely read about maximizing yield size by supplementing your crop’s feeding regimen with carbohydrates. You’ve probably also seen on the shelves of your local hydro store various carbohydrate supplements for plants. And you may have even heard seasoned growers talk about the benefits of the simple carbs found in molasses.
But what’s the real truth about carbohydrate supplementation for plants? Is there any actual benefit to using such supplements, and if so, what are the best carbs for your crop?
In this article, we’ll dive deep into those questions and more. But first, let’s understand exactly what carbohydrates are and the roles they play in plant growth.
Plant Carbohydrates 101
Put simply, carbohydrates are compounds made of oxygen, carbon and hydrogen. However, carbs can take on many different forms, including as cellulose, starches and sugars — which can be further broken down into monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides, depending on the number of sugar units contained within the molecule.
The Function Of Carbohydrates In Plants
Carbohydrates are essential to organic life and play several significant roles within plants.
Firstly, carbohydrates in the form of glucose serve as a primary source of energy, fueling various plant functions, including growth. Secondly, the carbohydrate cellulose serves as the main structural component of cell walls within plants. That’s right — carbs are heavily utilized in the construction of your plant roots, shoots, stems, leaves and blooms.
In fact, glucose is the primary and most abundant product of photosynthesis, providing crops the energy as well as the building blocks they need to survive and grow.
The Benefits Of Carbohydrate Supplements For Plants
At this point, you may be asking yourself, “If my plants produce glucose naturally through photosynthesis, then why would I bother feeding them supplemental carbs?” It’s a valid question, so let’s break it down.
You see, during the vegetative stage, your plants are not just synthesizing glucose through the process of photosynthesis, they’re also manufacturing and storing carbohydrate reserves for later use once production slows down in the flowering stage.
When ripening sets in — during which time your flowers and blooms make their biggest weight gains — carbohydrate manufacturing comes almost to a complete halt and your crops must rely solely on their carb reserves to power flower production.
Ultimately, your plants will produce enough carbohydrates on their own to survive, provided all the other basic requirements for life are met. But it’s not enough to merely survive; you want your crops to thrive, and to push the biggest, heaviest yields they’re genetically capable of. Adding a quality carbohydrate supplement to your plant feeding regimen can help you achieve that.
But how? Here are a few key ways that adding carbs to your crop will help your plants:
- Providing your crops supplemental carbs frees up energy for other vital processes. Put simply, it takes energy to make energy, so by providing extra carbohydrates, your crops expend less energy on manufacturing carbs, and can direct more energy toward synthesizing amino acids and other important metabolites.
- Supplemental carbohydrates keep your plants’ carb reserves topped off — particularly during ripening, when they need it the most. Remember, your plants’ carbohydrate reserves can store enough to survive, but if you want them to push the biggest yields possible, you want to ensure those reserves are always full.
- Extra carbohydrates help feed beneficial microbes in your root zone so they can carry out their vital functions of breaking down dead debris and keeping your roots clean and bright.
How To Apply A Carbohydrate Supplement
When it comes to feeding plants, there are two generally accepted methods: Foliar application and root system application. But when applying a carbohydrate supplement, root system delivery is definitely preferable.
Spraying supplemental carbohydrates onto your plants’ leaves can be risky. Sugars are a form of carbohydrate, and sugars are sticky, which means you run the risk of gumming up your leaves’ stomata, the pores found in plant tissue through which they exchange oxygen for carbon dioxide. Additionally, sticky leaves may be more attractive to harmful insects and pests.
Clearly, root system delivery is ideal for carbohydrate supplementation in your high-value crops.
Molasses As A Carb Supplement
So, what about molasses? If you’ve been in the grow game long enough, you’ve probably heard about using molasses as a supplement, which contains simple forms of carbohydrates like fructose and sucrose.
The truth is that molasses can be a valuable supplement — if you’re growing in soil. However, for hydroponic growers, molasses simply is not the best choice for a couple of reasons.
First of all, gooey molasses can easily clog up your system’s lines, as well as cause residue buildup in your reservoir, grow medium and even the roots themselves. Residue buildup in your root system is especially dangerous, as it can lead to such complications as root rot.
Secondly, molasses — and other forms of over-the-counter sugar — are wildly inconsistent when it comes to quality and composition. And when it comes to your valuable crops, you need to ensure you’re providing high-quality, reliable, consistent supplementation.
Advanced Nutrients Bud Candy: The Carbohydrate Supplement Specifically Designed For The Crops You Grow
Now that we understand the function of carbohydrates in plants and the benefits of carb supplementation, let’s talk about the carbohydrate supplement that’s designed specifically for the special crops you grow: Advanced Nutrients Bud Candy.
You see, it’s not enough to feed your crops just any ol’ carb supplement. In order to get the biggest benefit, you need to use a supplement that is tailored to the exact needs of the high-value plants you grow, which is exactly what Bud Candy is.
So, what makes Bud Candy a first-class carbohydrate supplement?
- Bud Candy boasts a variety of high-quality carbohydrate sources: Carbs come in a variety of forms — from simple sugars like monosaccharides, to complex compounds like cellulose. These carbohydrates are utilized in different ways, so any carb supplement you use needs to contain the right varieties for maximum effectiveness. Advanced Nutrients Bud Candy contains five high-grade sources of carbohydrates, each of which play a specific role in the crops you grow.
- Bud Candy utilizes a highly efficient root-system delivery: This is preferable over foliar delivery for carbohydrate supplementation. What’s more, oxygen substantially increases the rate of carbohydrate absorption within healthy plant roots, which means Bud Candy is perfect for oxygen-rich grow environments, whether in soil or a hydroponic system.
- Bud Candy represents decades of research, development and real-world testing: Like all Advanced Nutrients products, Bud Candy has been meticulously developed over decades of R & D, led by a team of 25+ Ph.D. botanists, organic chemists and microbiologists. Moreover, this formulation has been rigorously tested on the same type of high-value plants that you grow, resulting in a top-notch carbohydrate profile that’s proven to work.
How To Use Bud Candy
Knowing that carbohydrate production ceases almost completely once ripening sets in, Bud Candy is best used during weeks one through six of the bloom phase. This is the time when your plants are really pushing flower and bloom growth — and when those high-quality supplemental carbs will best be put to use.
Get The Big, Tasty, Aromatic Yields You Crave With Advanced Nutrients Bud Candy
Along with providing your plants the fuel needed to push big, bulky blooms, Bud Candy brings out the best of your crop’s natural aroma and flavor profiles — resulting in sweet, sugary flowers that taste as good as they smell.
The bottom line? If you want to provide your valuable crops high quality, effective, proven forms of supplemental carbohydrates and push your yields to their genetic potential, then Bud Candy is the carb supplement for you.
Simply head to your nearest Advanced Nutrients authorized retailer to pick up a bottle — we guarantee you’ll see the difference in your next harvest, or your money back.
And if you’re an organic grower, then you must check out Advanced Nutrients Bud Candy Organic OIM.
Enjoy This Article? Get More For Free!
Get high-quality information and articles delivered right to your inbox by signing up for the Advanced Nutrients newsletter. Subscribe for free today! | <urn:uuid:97522e3f-8b87-4e5f-ab23-b20353d5e9b5> | CC-MAIN-2021-04 | https://www.advancednutrients.com/articles/carbohydrate-supplements-plants/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-04/segments/1610703531702.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20210123001629-20210123031629-00018.warc.gz | en | 0.92175 | 1,784 | 2.65625 | 3 |
What is Consent?
At Project Consent, we think that consent is simple - if it’s not yes, it’s no. Consent must be present to participate in any form of interaction, and it is the only way to know that everyone is in agreement with the following actions. For consent to be given, the person must not be guilted, pressured, or coerced into saying yes. Manipulation, of any shape or size, is a form of non-consent. Consent is what makes sex an enjoyable experience!
Planned Parenthood defines consent as:
- Freely given
Consent has to be communicated by all parties, and saying ‘yes’ once does not mean that the individual is agreeing for future encounters. Every time you engage in a sexual activity, consent must be received. You have the right to say yes to one activity and no to another. You also have the right to turn down sexual activity at any time, even if it is with someone you have had sex with before. Just because you said ‘yes’ at one point, it does not mean that you are unable to change your mind. If at any point you are uncomfortable, you have the right to stop.
Please remember that without consent - it isn’t sex, it is sexual assault and that is illegal. If you are unsure of what constitutes as consent, a person cannot give their consent if they are:
- under the influence of drugs or alcohol
- under threat or coercion
- a minor
- impaired in a way (physically or mentally) that inhibits them from giving clear and active consent
It is against the law to violate someone and without proper consent, that is what you are doing. It is estimated that one out of five women will be sexually assaulted in their lifetime. For men, the estimate is one in six. Sex is supposed to be fun - so why ruin it for someone else with selfish actions? It is never worth it and the repercussions of being sexually assaulted can last forever. Communication is key when it comes to consent. Both you and your partner should talk about what you each feel comfortable with, activities that you do not want to engage in, and your boundaries.
The bottom line is that consent is necessary for any sexual activity that you want to engage in. To simplify it a bit further, here’s a short video:
How you can help promote a culture of consent?
We unfortunately live in a world where many sexual assault cases favor the offender while victims are continuously ridiculed and questioned about how much they had to drink or what their outfit was. No matter what an individual is wearing or how intoxicated they are, they are NEVER asking for it. To help promote a culture a consent, we need to eradicate the current rape culture present in our society. Project Consent defines rape culture as a global epidemic in which sexual assault is trivialized or belittled. In popular culture, rape is often sexualized or used as a joke in entertainment. Rather than accepting this way of thinking, we advocate a better future in which sexual assault is condemned without a second thought.
First things first - we need to build a consent culture. By promoting consent, we are reminding society that violations of someone's agency should never be taken lightly. Rather than continuing to teach that the blame is on victims, we want it known that consent is always an established right, not a removable luxury. Creating a consent-based culture is the groundwork to battling sexual assault as a whole and while we don't expect it to eradicate sexual assault altogether, we believe that it's a message worth putting out there.
You may wonder how you can help or you may think that it’s hard to help establish a culture of consent. It may be hard but with everyone’s help though, it is possible. The smallest action can help in promoting a consent culture, and the more people we reach, the more attainable the goal is.
If you or someone you know has been sexually assaulted, speak up. Do not let yourselves be silenced in fear. If someone confides in you about their sexual assault, do not shame them but be there for them. The next time someone says a rape joke, ask them to stop and explain why it is not funny because rape is never a joke. Instead of slut-shaming others, support one another.
Why is a promoting a consent culture important?
Because victims shouldn’t feel guilty about what happened to them and offenders should be persecuted justly. Speaking out and educating others is important because the more we speak out to change the culture we are part of, the less people there are who think that these tweets are funny:
Remember, anyone can make a difference by simply listening and speaking out.
In June of 2014, Project Consent began as a simple statement to open up discussion of a consent-based culture, as opposed to a culture where rape victims are stigmatized and sexual assault is swept under the rug. Lunette Menstrual Cup is helping to foster this discussion by donating 10% of their US online store profits March 15th through the 22nd, so that Project Consent can continue their mission. | <urn:uuid:ecdcfbed-7dbf-42e1-bc92-d430088a0714> | CC-MAIN-2018-39 | https://lunette.co.nz/blogs/news/what-is-consent | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267156780.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20180921033529-20180921053929-00364.warc.gz | en | 0.965886 | 1,059 | 2.640625 | 3 |
This week in Clipboard Health’s Nursing News round-up …
Britain Trials ‘No-Swab’ Saliva Test for Coronavirus
Current tests for the coronavirus require health care professionals to stick a long swab up your nose to the back of your throat. It isn’t very comfortable, and it can’t be done at home by just anyone. A new test that Britain is currently piloting would only need a swab of saliva to test for coronavirus. If the trial run goes well, then the hope is to make coronavirus testing available for at-home use.
Women Taking Diabetes Drug Could Lower Risk of Dying from COVID-19
A recent study that looked at women taking the diabetes medication Metformin found that women who take this medication are about 20% less at risk of dying from COVID-19. The study also looked at men in similar circumstances and found that it did not have the same effect in men.
Younger People May Be Less Susceptible to COVID-19
Age likely plays a major role in who is at greater risk for getting the coronavirus, a new study shows. Researchers have found that those who are younger than 20 years old are half as likely to get COVID-19 compared to those over the age of 20.
The goal of studies like this is to determine where governments and health organizations should focus their intervention plans. It’s especially important as schools determine if they can reopen.
Nursing Homes Face Staffing Shortages as Staff Choose Unemployment
With schools canceled and coronavirus positive cases rising, many nursing home staff have found themselves choosing unemployment over going to work. With the CARES Act paying these staff more through unemployment than they get at work, a large percentage are avoiding the risk of possible infection and choosing to stay home with family, especially kids who are otherwise left alone at home. This has left many nursing homes understaffed and struggling to cover shifts. | <urn:uuid:c6288a32-03cd-4974-947d-241609d55332> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://clipboardhealth.com/nursing-news-june-23-2020 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141185851.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20201126001926-20201126031926-00394.warc.gz | en | 0.958558 | 412 | 2.515625 | 3 |
Ascites is an abnormal increase in fluid within the peritoneal (abdominal) cavity.
The normal abdominal cavity has a small amount of fluid (usually less than 150 mL). Cirrhosis (chronic liver disease)
with associated portal hypertension (blood pressure within the liver above the normal range of 5 to 8 mm Hg)
is the most common cause of ascites. Other causes of ascites include cancer, heart failure, kidney failure, tuberculosis, and pancreatic disease. An abdominal paracentesis involves the surgical puncture of the abdominal cavity with a needle and placement of a catheter line for the removal of excess fluid. The procedure can be diagnostic in helping identify the cause of ascites or may be used as a therapeutic measure if a large volume of fluid can be removed to lessen discomfort and improve breathing. The March 12,
2008, issue of JAMA includes an article about paracentesis techniques. It identifies ways to decrease the risk of complications and to improve diagnostic accuracy. | <urn:uuid:8cb5f106-817b-4dd3-961a-b61bfd8abbbd> | CC-MAIN-2016-40 | http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=181607 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-40/segments/1474738662541.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20160924173742-00289-ip-10-143-35-109.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.891622 | 205 | 3.75 | 4 |
The abdominal aorta is a major blood vessel in the body that carries blood from the heart to the major organs in the chest and abdomen. An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a balloon-like bulge of the aorta. If an AAA grows to over 5.5 cm in diameter (the length from one side to the other), the chance of the AAA rupturing (bursting) is increased. Ruptured AAAs cause death unless surgery is carried out soon after the event to repair the rupture. Surgery is recommended for people with AAAs bigger than 5.5 cm in diameter or who have pain due to the AAA, to decrease the risk of rupture and death. Complications following planned surgery for AAA are common. Exercise before surgery for AAA could help people make a better recovery from surgery. At the moment we do not know if exercise before surgery will help people make a better recovery after AAA surgery. We found only a few trials which looked at whether exercise before AAA surgery helps people make a better recovery, so more trials are needed before we can be certain the exercise helps.
Study characteristics and key results
We searched the literature on 6 July 2020, and we found four trials that included 232 participants with AAA who were on a waiting list for AAA surgery. The trials randomly assigned participants into two groups, one with exercise before surgery and another with usual care (no exercise before surgery, participants maintained normal physical activity). The types of exercise included circuit training, moderate-intensity continuous exercise and high-intensity interval training. In three of the four trials, the participants in the exercise group were supervised by healthcare professionals in hospital when they did their exercise sessions. In the other trial, the first exercise session was supervised in hospital, and the following sessions were completed by the participants on their own in their own homes. The number and length of the exercise sessions was different in the trials. Some exercise sessions took place three times a week and some took place six times a week. In some trials participants exercised for one week and some trials' participants exercised for six weeks before their surgery.
Limited information from a small number of trials showed that exercise before AAA surgery might slightly reduce heart and kidney complications after surgery, compared to no exercise (usual care) before AAA surgery. We are uncertain whether exercise before AAA surgery reduces death within 30 days of AAA surgery, lung complications, the need for further treatment or bleeding after surgery, compared to no exercise before AAA surgery. There was little or no difference between the exercise and usual care groups in length of intensive care unit stay, length of hospital stay and quality of life. None of the studies reported information for the number of days participants were on a ventilator and change in AAA size before and after exercise.
Certainty of the evidence
The certainty of the evidence is low or very low because of the way the studies were designed (risk of bias), and small number of people in the trials. Larger, well-designed trials are needed in order to increase our confidence in any benefits of exercising before AAA surgery for reducing complications.
Due to very low-certainty evidence, we are uncertain whether prehabilitation exercise therapy reduces 30-day mortality, pulmonary complications, need for re-intervention or postoperative bleeding. Prehabilitation exercise therapy might slightly reduce cardiac and renal complications compared with usual care (no exercise). More RCTs of high methodological quality, with large sample sizes and long-term follow-up, are needed. Important questions should include the type and cost-effectiveness of exercise programmes, the minimum number of sessions and programme duration needed to effect clinically important benefits, and which groups of participants and types of repair benefit most.
An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is an abnormal dilation in the diameter of the abdominal aorta of 50% or more of the normal diameter or greater than 3 cm in total. The risk of rupture increases with the diameter of the aneurysm, particularly above a diameter of approximately 5.5 cm. Perioperative and postoperative morbidity is common following elective repair in people with AAA. Prehabilitation or preoperative exercise is the process of enhancing an individual’s functional capacity before surgery to improve postoperative outcomes. Studies have evaluated exercise interventions for people waiting for AAA repair, but the results of these studies are conflicting.
To assess the effects of exercise programmes on perioperative and postoperative morbidity and mortality associated with elective abdominal aortic aneurysm repair.
We searched the Cochrane Vascular Specialised register, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) databases, and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform and ClinicalTrials.gov trials registers to 6 July 2020. We also examined the included study reports' bibliographies to identify other relevant articles.
We considered randomised controlled trials (RCTs) examining exercise interventions compared with usual care (no exercise; participants maintained normal physical activity) for people waiting for AAA repair.
Two review authors independently selected studies for inclusion, assessed the included studies, extracted data and resolved disagreements by discussion. We assessed the methodological quality of studies using the Cochrane risk of bias tool and collected results related to the outcomes of interest: post-AAA repair mortality; perioperative and postoperative complications; length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay; length of hospital stay; number of days on a ventilator; change in aneurysm size pre- and post-exercise; and quality of life. We used GRADE to evaluate certainty of the evidence. For dichotomous outcomes, we calculated the risk ratio (RR) with the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI).
This review identified four RCTs with a total of 232 participants with clinically diagnosed AAA deemed suitable for elective intervention, comparing prehabilitation exercise therapy with usual care (no exercise). The prehabilitation exercise therapy was supervised and hospital-based in three of the four included trials, and in the remaining trial the first session was supervised in hospital, but subsequent sessions were completed unsupervised in the participants’ homes. The dose and schedule of the prehabilitation exercise therapy varied across the trials with three to six sessions per week and a duration of one hour per session for a period of one to six weeks. The types of exercise therapy included circuit training, moderate-intensity continuous exercise and high-intensity interval training.
All trials were at a high risk of bias. The certainty of the evidence for each of our outcomes was low to very low. We downgraded the certainty of the evidence because of risk of bias and imprecision (small sample sizes). Overall, we are uncertain whether prehabilitation exercise compared to usual care (no exercise) reduces the occurrence of 30-day (or longer if reported) mortality post-AAA repair (RR 1.33, 95% CI 0.31 to 5.77; 3 trials, 192 participants; very low-certainty evidence). Compared to usual care (no exercise), prehabilitation exercise may decrease the occurrence of cardiac complications (RR 0.36, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.92; 1 trial, 124 participants; low-certainty evidence) and the occurrence of renal complications (RR 0.31, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.88; 1 trial, 124 participants; low-certainty evidence). We are uncertain whether prehabilitation exercise, compared to usual care (no exercise), decreases the occurrence of pulmonary complications (RR 0.49, 95% 0.26 to 0.92; 2 trials, 144 participants; very low-certainty evidence), decreases the need for re-intervention (RR 1.29, 95% 0.33 to 4.96; 2 trials, 144 participants; very low-certainty evidence) or decreases postoperative bleeding (RR 0.57, 95% CI 0.18 to 1.80; 1 trial, 124 participants; very low-certainty evidence). There was little or no difference between the exercise and usual care (no exercise) groups in length of ICU stay, length of hospital stay and quality of life.
None of the studies reported data for the number of days on a ventilator and change in aneurysm size pre- and post-exercise outcomes. | <urn:uuid:e713efee-7608-41bc-84d8-714960122ab2> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.cochrane.org/CD013662/PVD_exercise-planned-surgery-abdominal-aortic-aneurysm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100534.18/warc/CC-MAIN-20231204182901-20231204212901-00755.warc.gz | en | 0.942181 | 1,727 | 3.09375 | 3 |
In this lesson, we'll attempt to give a brief
catalog of the very different classes of planets in the universe. We'll discuss Pulsar planets, hot Jupiters, Super Earths, ice and water worlds, and many more.
Scientists had initially believed that there were indeed other solar systems out there like our own but that these systems were more or less the same as our own—that is to say a system containing a single star orbited by no more then perhaps a dozen planets like our own solar system. Also, we had initially believed that the formation of exoplanets in other star systems was something which rarely occurred. And if it did occur, we believe that those particular star systems in the universe would be more or less as plain and vanilla as our own—stars orbited by a handful of planets.
Our own solar system in this nook of the universe began as a flat accretion disk with an ultra dense and hot core. This core's mass, temperature and density would increase by pulling in adjacent particles according to Newton's law of gravity. This process of matter slowly accumulating in the core would continue until this core became sufficiently hot and dense to burn hydrogen into helium through a process known as nuclear fusion. This was the birth of the Sun. Smaller aggregates and clumps of matter in the accretion disk would also pull in adjacent particles via the force of gravitation. This process would continue until those clumps formed the then nine known planets. In this scheme, the final phases of our system's evolution occurred with the formation of organic chemistry and eventually life. All of these processes which shaped the evolution of our solar system and of our home planet occurred according to the laws of physics and chemistry. But the laws of nature are the same throughout the Cosmos. And it was for this reason that scientists had initially believed that all other star systems are very similar. But as we shall learn in this lesson, the latest scientific discovered prove that each star system is very unique and different from the others. We have, for example, discovered multi-star systems (up to four stars) orbited by planets. We have discovered strange exoplanets unlike any other planet in our system. And, furthermore, we have discovered that stars and planets are not the only things which are interesting about star systems. Indeed, just like our solar system has the Kuiper belt and Oort cloud, we speculate that perhaps most other star systems have the equivalent; this is something we'll discuss in greater detail below.
The Ubiquity of Liquid Water in our Solar System
Our first hint that star systems were far more complex than merely a single star orbited by a handful of planets began with new explorations of our own solar system. Initially, we thought of running liquid water as rare in our solar system occurring only on the planet Earth. But our space probes and rovers reveal that liquid water exists in vast subsurface oceans on the planet Mars, the dwarf planet Pluto, and the Jovian moons Europa and Enceladus. Initially, we had believed that the extent of places which could be called "worlds" ended at Pluto. But Pluto, far from being a lonely isolated world at the edge of the solar system, is in fact the beginning of a vast realm of our solar system containing dozens of other planets and about a trillion icy comets. Every one of those planets and nearly all of those comets can be rightly claimed as worlds. These outer reaches of our system are known as the Kuiper belt. The discovery that star systems, contrary to what our natural philosophies (i.e. theoretical constructs formulated in the sciences of physics and chemistry) had lead us to believe about star systems being vanilla and uniform, are instead full of surprises and greatly varied echoes the sentiment in the Shakespearean quote mentioned at the begining of this article. In other words, as Feynman would say, nature is far more clever and imaginative than we are.
Pulsar Planets and "Hot Jupiters"
The realization that other solar systems can be very different from our own occurred when the first exoplanet was discovered in 1992. This planet orbited a type of star known as a pulsar—an extremely tiny and dense star which can rotate up to about 30 revolutions every second! The fact that it was even possible for a pulsar to be orbited by planets shook the very foundation of our understanding of how planetary systems form. This is because a pulsar is formed when a very big star dies during a supernova. Supernovae are the most titanic explosions in the universe since the occurrence of the Big Bang some 13.8 billion years ago. Any planets orbiting a star should get obliterated after that star goes supernova. And yet, here was an intact planet orbiting a star even after the occurrence of a supernova, something we had originally thought to be impossible. Although there are hypotheses attempting to explain how there can be a planet orbiting a pulsar (one of these hypothesis states that the planet formed from materials ejected by the supernova explosion), the truth is that still to this day we are unsure how these kinds of planets got into orbits around pulsars.
Another surprise came when we discovered gas giant planets, typically several times more massive than Jupiter, orbiting on average closer to their home star than does the planet Mercury orbit the Sun. (These particular kinds of exoplanets are often referred to as hot Jupiters.) These exoplanets were discovered by measuring the alteration in their home stars motion and deducing those planets mass (and, hence, their existence as well) using Newton's law of gravity. (This is something which we discussed in greater detail in the following article.) We had originally thought that gas giants could only form in locations very far away from their home star like the gas giants in our solar system. But this discovery demonstrated that we were wrong yet again about our understanding of planetary formation. In 2014, humanity launched the Kepler space telescope. This telescope detected exoplanets by observing a star dim as a planet passed in front of it. This method was profoundly limited since only planets which passed in between their home star and our line of sight could be detected. But despite this limitation, since the launch of the Kepler space telescope we have discovered over 3,500 exoplanets. Extrapolating this number to possible planets in star systems in our galaxy which cannot be detected by Kepler, astronomers deduced that there must be more planets than there are stars in the Milky Way. The formation of planets, far from being a rare occurrence, is actually very common. And, lastly, we discovered that all of those other planets are far stranger and more diverse than we could have ever imagined.
Diamond World: 55 Cancri E
The earliest techniques used for finding exoplanets involved measuring the gravitational wobble of a star caused by the gravitational force exerted by a planet in orbit around that star. Very massive planets, such as gas giants, caused a much bigger wobble in its parent star and are therefore much easier to detect. It is therefore little wonder why astronomers kept detecting so many so-called hot Jupiters—these are the kinds of worlds which cause the biggest wobble in there parent star and are thus the easiest to detect using this method. For a while, astronomer had been detecting so many star systems with these hot gas giant worlds that they began to wonder if any other star system was like our own. But, as it turned out, the reason why we were finding so many hot Jupiters was because of the detection method we were using.
Since we humans launched the Kepler space telescope in 2009 we have discovered thousands of new exoplanets. (As of June 2, 2018 Kepler had confirmed the existence of 3,786 exoplanets.) The Kepler space telescope points at and searches for exoplanets in a very small section of the sky in portions of the constellations Cygnus, Lyra, and Draco. All of those thousands of diverse worlds were discovered by looking at a very small portion of the sky only a little bigger than the portion of the sky containing the Moon. These exoplanets therefore represent a very small—albeit representative—sample of the stars and exoplanets contained within our galaxy.
When astronomers pointed the Kepler telescope at a star system known as 55 Cancri in the constellation Sygnus, it discovered an exoplanet named 55 Cancri E. This planet is one of the most exotic and strangest worlds we know of. If we were to hypothetically approach this world in a spacecraft, it would appear dark black with bright, white-hot, glowing lines interlaced on the planet's surface. The reason why the exoplanet would look black is because its atmosphere is composed primarily of carbon and the surface is made of mostly graphite. And the bright lines are materials spewing from the exoplanet's mantle through cracks along its crust. The mantle contains liquid diamond, a substance unknown to the Earth. When this material is spewed through the cracks along this exoplanet's crustal surface, some of that liquid diamond will crystalize as it gets ejected into the sky. This results in both spectacular light effects and dazzling landscapes of pure diamond dispersed across the planetary surface. 55 Cancri E is a diamond world.
Here on Earth auroras are a phenomenon due to the interplay between the Earth's magnetic field and the Sun's stellar wind. Some of the high energy particles ejected from the Sun reach the Earth's magnetic field. The magnetic field exerts a force on these particles sending some of them on a collision course with the molecules in Earth's atmosphere at the north and south poles. The collision of the Sun's stellar wind with these molecules are what causes the stunning auroras we see here on Earth or from the vantage point of the International Space Station as depicted in the image on the right. On the exoplanet 55 Cancri E, these same kinds of effects occur but they are much more intense. 55 Cancri E orbits much closer to its parent star than does the planet Mercury orbit the Sun. 55 Cancri E orbits in a portion of its star's atmosphere known as its chromosphere; this exoplanet orbits, quite literally, inside of a star. For this reason, the stellar winds reaching this exoplanet's magnetic field are vastly more powerful than those interacting with the Earth's magnetic field. When some of the particles comprising this stellar wind are deflected by 55 Cancri E's magnetic fields along paths which result in those particles colliding with particles comprising 55 Cancri E's atmosphere, auroras are produced which are so intense that even the "dark side" of 55 Cancri E's surface (that is, the side facing away from its parents star) is bright and glowing. If one could stand on the surface of this planet without being vaporized and if they peered upwards the sky would appear to be glowing in an intense green and yellow color. This light show would be far more intense than even the most spectacular auroras seen on Earth or from the ISS.
Given the ubiquity of diamond landscapes and the intensity of this world's auroras, visiting such a world and being there present on its surface would be an artist's dream. Imagine the jet black surface, the diamond mountains, the white hot magma spewing from the planet's mantle, and the spectacular auroras overhead. The problem, though, is the planet's 3,200 degree Fahrenheit surface would be a bit hot for the artist to stand on!
Astronomers believe that more than half of all stars in the universe are orbited by planets. But there are also planets out there which do not orbit any star. These worlds are called rogue planets. A planet can become rogue by getting gravitationally flung away from its solar system by neighboring planets, planetesimals, and moons. Such an event typically occurs during the early stages of a solar system's formation when a protostar is surrounded by an accretion disk. Scientists believe that during these early stages of our own solar system's formation, dozens of planets were ejected from our system—they became rogue planets. It is also believed many worlds (including both planets and moons) got ejected from most of the other solar systems in the universe when those systems were very young and still forming. It is estimated that there are 2 to 100,000 times as many rogue planets as there are planets orbiting stars.
But one might be tempted to argue that there is nothing interesting about those worlds. That is to say, such worlds—without a parent star as an energy source —are just cold, dark, lifeless and baron places. This assumption, however, is both naïve and in many cases wrong. As surprising as it might sound, a planet or a moon does not need a star as an energy source, to heat that world, or to sustain liquid water and life on that world. The best example of this is Jupiter's moon Europa. After over a decade of studies, we are nearly certain that this world contains a vast subsurface ocean of liquid water with a several kilometer layer thick ice sheet on top. The question that we used to ask ourselves is how does this ocean stay warm? What is the energy and heat source that sustains this water in its liquid state and which prevents it from freezing away? The answer is that Europa's ocean is heated by tidal forces associated with Jupiter's gravity. Allow me to explain. A portion of Europa's ocean closer to Jupiter will experience a bigger gravitational pull (this pull is, of course, caused by Jupiter's gravity) than a portion farther away from Jupiter. (This fact is a direct consequence of Newton's law of gravity which states that the force of gravity diminishes inversely with the square of the distance.) This causes any two adjacent portions of water (one a little closer and one a little farther) to rub against each other; this friction generates heat. This is how Europa's ocean maintains its temperature. The nice thing about this whole process is that no star is required for it to occur. In other words, if the Sun disappeared right now, Europa's oceans of liquid water would continue to stay warm and heated. This same mechanism could apply to a moon orbiting around a rogue planet. But there are also additional sources of energy for rogue worlds. Namely, these sources of energy are:
1. Heat still being generated after a world's formation—If a rogue planet is sufficiently large, then even billions of years after the formation of that rogue world, that world's core could still be hot and giving off energy and heat.
2. Energy from radioactive decay—Heat released by the radioactive decay of heavier elements could provide additional energy and heat.
Imagine a hypothetical—and, by the way, totally plausible—situation in which a planet is formed close to the Milky Way's center. Suppose that this planet is a gas giant containing a handful of small moons and one large Earth-sized moon. Since star formation occurs more frequently near the center of our galaxy, we'd expect such a planet and all of its satellites to contain a lot of heavy metals. (Astronomers use the term "metal" to refer to all other elements in the periodic table besides hydrogen and helium.) Such a planet and its satellites would contain radioactive materials in their cores providing a source of energy and heat.
Each moon would also generate heat and energy by the tidal action of the planet and the heat still being generated after those moons formation. It is the Earth-sized moon which would be of particular interest to us because this moon is so large that it would continue to generate heat after its formation for a very long time. Indeed, if that rogue moon contained a thick atmosphere with carbon dioxide or other greenhouses, heat generated from its core could get trapped and keep the moon warm. It would be possible for such a moon to have a subsurface ocean and possibly even an ocean on its surface. And it is also entirely possible that such a moon could support life. Thus, a planet or moon need not require a parent star for life—at least, simple life—to evolve on them.
Super Earths, Archipelago Worlds, and Kepler 186f
The Kepler space telescope discovered an entire new class of exoplanets which, before Kepler, were completely unknown to us. This class of exoplanets is known as Super Earths—rocky, Earth-like planets ranging in size from slightly larger than the Earth to a little smaller than Neptune. One such planet is known as Kepler 186f located 490 light years away from the Earth. When the discovery of Kepler 186f was first announced in 2014, it generated a great deal of excitement within the scientific community. The reason being that this was the first exoplanet ever discovered which both was Earth-sized and orbited in its parent star's continuously habitable zone—a region of space surrounding a star which, if a planet orbited within that region, would orbit at just the right distance to maintain a surface temperature which is not too hot and not too cold for liquid water to run along that planet's surface. This means that if water is present on the surface of Kepler 186f, it would be in its liquid state.
But is there water on this world's surface? As we discussed in this article, the prevailing theory of the formation of Earth's seas is that during the period of Late Heavy Bombardment, scores of icy asteroids and comets impacted the Earth and deposited water on its surface. Scientific evidence also suggests that the planets Mars and even Venus once had bodies of liquid water running along its surface. Analysis from our own solar system suggests that running streams of liquid water on a rocky, inner-planet's surface is not all that uncommon. Evidence suggests that liquid water almost certainly existed on Mars' surface, maybe on Venuses' surface, and we of course know for sure that Earth has liquid water on its surface. Thus, liquid water existed on possibly 3 out of 4 of the surfaces of inner-planets within our system. And because rocky, inner-planets certainly, at least in some solar systems, formed in more or less the same way as the ones in our system, we suspect that liquid water on the surfaces of "Super Earths" in other solar systems is fairly common.
Super Earths such as Kepler 186f are far too distant and our instruments far too feeble to use techniques like spectroscopy to determine these worlds compositions. Thus, due to the limitations of present day technology, we do not know for certain whether or not Kepler 186f contains water. Nor can we know for certain what this planet's atmosphere, weather, and geology are like. Because Kepler 186f is both Earth-sized and orbits in the so-called Goldilocks zone around its star and given the commonplace nature of liquid water appearing on rocky inner-planets within our own system, it would be reasonable to guess that Kepler 186f currently, or at some past epoch, contained liquid water on its surface.
Inner-planets tend to be rocky planets and so we'll guess that Kepler 186f is also a rocky planet. If this is the case, then we can estimate that this planet is roughly 40% more massive than the Earth. And if this planet is more massive than the Earth, then it will exert greater tidal forces on portions of its atmosphere. This results in any two adjacent portions of Kepler 186f's atmosphere to be compressed more greatly than on Earth. Thus, the atmosphere on this world is far denser and contains much more particulates of matter for any given unit volume. If we guess that this planet rotates like the Earth, then the planet would generate wind within its atmosphere.
Assuming that Kepler 186f has tectonic plates, then the collision of those plates would result in the formation of new mountain ranges or other possible geological features. But this world's atmosphere is so dense that abrasion against those geological features caused by this world's wind would flatten out such geological features over enormous time intervals. We suspect that the surface of Kepler 186f is very flat containing many separate rocky islands each separated by small basins and lagoons of liquid water. This is how Kepler 186f and other exoplanets like it get the name "Archipelago world."
To be perfectly clear, everything that I have said about Kepler 186f's surface features is pure speculation. Though highly unlikely, the actual surface features might be completely different from everything that we have discussed up to this point. But from the estimates of the sheer number of Super-Earth that are out there, even if just a tiny fraction of them orbited in the continuously habitable zone we can be certain that at least some of them are like what we have speculated about up to this point. This is a near certainty due to the sheer number of Super-Earths out there.
Ice Worlds and Water Worlds
If you stood at the right location on Pluto's surface, you would see a range of mountains several kilometers tall. But what would be so breathtaking about this sight is the fact that the mountains on Pluto are made entirely of frozen water. The sky would be totally black except for a light blue along the horizon and the portions of sky just above the mountains. The ground you'd be standing on would have a strange reddish color. You can see some of the surface features we have discussed from the images of Pluto's surface (see image above) obtained by the spacecraft New Horizons as it flew by the tiny dwarf planet in 2015. This image shows, in stunning detail, what the surface of this small world looks like. Even within our own solar system - specifically, within the realm of the Kuiper belt - we expect to find dozens of other planets just like Pluto. We'll call such planets "ice worlds." There are likely many more ice worlds in the Kuiper belt and in other star system in the Milky Way.
The exoplanet Kepler-623 is a super-Earth located in the constellation Lyra and it is 1,200 lightyears away from the Earth. Like the exoplanet Gliese 1214b - which is also a super-Earth - astronomers think that Kepler-62e is what's known as a water world or an ocean world. A water world is a planet whose entire surface is covered by a world wide ocean. Not only that but astronomers also discovered that Kepler-62e has a very cloudy, humid, and warm atmosphere. The physical characteristics of Kepler-62e make this world an excellent candidate to find life on. The star Kepler-62 is also orbited by another distant planet called Kepler-62f. Kepler-62f is also believed to contain an enormous worldwide ocean; but unlike Kepler-62e, the oceans of this world would be covered by a tick layer of ice. Unlike the exoplanets Gliese 1214b and Kepler-62e which are bonafidewater worlds, Kepler-62f is more akin to a ice world.
Super-Earths, Rocky Planets, and TRAPPIST-1 Planets
In 2015 and 2016 astronomers using the Transiting Planets and Planetesimals Small Telescope (TRAPPIST) and the Spitzer Space Telescope in collaboration with ground-based telescopes discovered a star system—just 39 and a half lightyears away from Earth—consisting of seven rocky, Earth-like planets orbiting an ultra-cool red dwarf star. The star was named TRAPPIST-1 and the planets TRAPPIST-1 b, c, e, f, g, d, and h. This star is only slightly larger than Jupiter and its mass and luminosity are a tiny fraction of that of the Sun. All seven of this star's entourage of Earth-like planets orbit closer to their parent star than does the planet Mercury orbit the Sun. Imagine seven planets crammed inside of an orbit smaller than Mercury's orbit around the Sun—that is precisely the situation in the TRAPPIST-1 star system. These planets are so close to one another that if you were standing on one of their surfaces, you could see, with a naked eye, all of the other TRAPPIST-1 planets in the sky; the nearest one could appear twice as large in their sky as does the Moon appear in our sky. The scientists who originally discovered the TRAPPIST-1 planets regarded the TRAPPIST-1 system as both "unbelievable" and like something straight from science fiction; indeed, although it is far too early to know for sure, I anticipate that the discovery of this system will inspire many future science fiction writers.
(Consider that for the majority of humanity's 200,000 year long history, although we had speculated about the nature of the heavenly bodies in the sky it wasn't until the 17th-century when Galileo peered at these bodies using a telescope did the view that these bodies might actually be other "places" or even whole new worlds become widely recognized. Only in the last century has humanity sent spacecraft to some of those wandering points of light in the sky including the Moon, the planets, and over 60 other moons besides that of the Earth's. And only in the 21st-century has the prospect of colonizing other worlds and industrializing other worlds for interplanetary trade become economically feasible. Imagine, as Carl Sagan once did, a familiar series of events transpire on other worlds. And, in particular, imagine that a very similar progression of events unfold on some of the TRAPPIST-1 planets. Shortly after those planets form, simple life arises in a fairly short amount of time—something which we'd expect to happen based on our knowledge of early-Earth history. But, because intelligence is far more difficult to evolve, the first thinking and intelligent beings do not arise until billions of years after those planets form. Like us, they too speculated about the celestial bodies in their skies for hundreds of millennia. And then, they discover the scientific method and learn the laws of nature governing the universe (incidentally, they would discover all the same laws of science that we humans did) and use that knowledge to create telescopes. When they peer at the other TRAPPIST-1 planets in their sky using telescopes, they might discover tantalizing hints of other intelligent beings living their. A few centuries later they invent radio, intercept their messages and, in the process, confirm the existence of those intelligent beings. And finally, one century later, they send spacecraft to those other worlds and, when they arrive, come into physical contact with another intelligent species besides their own.)
That sci-fi tangent aside, all of the TRAPPIST-1 planets move in extremely compact orbits that are very close to their parent star. But because the star TRAPPIST-1 is so much cooler and fainter than the Sun, it turns out that three of the planets orbiting this star—namely, TRAPPIST-1 e, f, and g—are actually orbiting in their parent star's habitable zone. That is, a distance that is neither too hot nor too cold for liquid water to exist on those planets surfaces.
Not only are the temperatures of these planets what we are looking for in our search for life, but so too are the sizes, masses and compositions. It turns out that all seven of these planets have sizes, masses, and compositions similar to that of the Earth. Let me explain the techniques used by astronomers to arrive at these conclusions. These planets were discovered by observing them pass in between their parent star and the Earth's line of sight. This is called a transit and is like a mini eclipse. The bigger the planet the more light it blocks out; the smaller the planet the less light it blocks during a transit. Based on how much light that planet blocks (which is to say, based on how big or small the dip in measured luminosity is), we can determine the size of that planet. This is essentially how we determined the sizes of all seven of the TRAPPIST planets. We were also able to determine the masses of these planets by measuring their gravitational interactions with each other. By measuring both the size and mass of each planet, astronomers were able to estimate the average density of each planet.
Knowing the density of an exoplanet is very important because it gives us a hint of what that planet's composition is like. For example, gas giant planets (i.e. Jupiter, Uranus, WASP 121-b, Osiris, etc.) tend to have low densities because a given amount of gaseous mass tends to occupy a fairly large volume. Now, planets that are rocky with metallic cores tend to have much higher densities because, for some given amount of mass, rock and metals occupy a smaller volume than gaseous materials found in gas giant planets. From the measured densities of the TRAPPIST-1 planets, we are pretty certain that they are rocky planets with metallic cores. This is corroborated by a recent spectroscopic study which confirmed that at least two of the TRAPPIST-1 planets definitely are not gas giant planets.
These observational discoveries evoke new questions and mysteries such as: Do these planets harbor life? Do they contain liquid water oceans on their surfaces or underneath ice sheets? How did these worlds acquire such compact orbits so close to their parent star? Do these worlds have atmospheres? All of these questions are, of course, deeply interrelated. For example, if liquid water does exist on these planets (we are pretty certain it does), that has implications about the possibility of life on those worlds. Furthermore, whether or not these planets have atmospheres and what the compositions of those atmospheres are like also have implications about the possibility of life in the TRAPPIST-1 system. Of those four questions I have posed, we are fairly certain of the answer to only one of those questions and that is, how those worlds acquired there particular orbits. The prevailing theoretical explanation is that these planets formed much farther away from their parent star; due to their gravitational interactions with one another, they migrated inward to orbits which were more compact and more close to their parent star. Their orbits then eventually stabilized due to a phenomenon known as orbital resonance.
But the other questions, which are essentially a deeper inquiry into the precise compositions of these planets, cannot yet be determined. But using the next generation of telescopes we'll be able to use spectroscopy to determine the compositions of these worlds atmospheres and determine whether or not they even have atmospheres. The James Web Telescope, which is due for launch sometime in March 2021, will bear this task. This telescope will allow us to determine the compositions of these world's atmospheres, using spectroscopy, and it'll be able to detect traces of molecules like water vapor, oxygen, methane, and carbon dioxide if those molecules are present. This telescope is anticipated to be revolutionary and one of the reasons why is because it'll allow us to come much closer to answering the question of whether or not life exists elsewhere in our galaxy. Using this telescope, we'll be able to search for the precursors of life on other worlds; these precursors are molecules such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water vapor.
This article is licensed under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license.
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5. SUMMERS, M. (2018). EXOPLANETS: Diamond worlds, super earths, pulsar planets, and the new search for life beyond our... solar system. S.l.: SMITHSONIAN BOOKS. | <urn:uuid:fbe39769-35dc-4e1c-bec9-81ead46034a3> | CC-MAIN-2018-51 | https://www.gregschool.org/new-blog/2018/6/20/the-diversity-of-exoplanets-in-the-galaxy-me459 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-51/segments/1544376827252.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20181216025802-20181216051802-00386.warc.gz | en | 0.9552 | 6,619 | 4.03125 | 4 |
With the hands-free law going into effect Aug. 1, Mayo Clinic Health System and Mayo Clinic Ambulance Service are reminding the public of the importance of staying focused behind the wheel.
“‘Distracted driving’ may include putting on makeup, looking down to tune the radio, using a navigation system or even eating a meal while driving,” says Gail Norris, regional trauma program manager for Mayo Clinic Health System’s southwest Minnesota region. “But cellphone use and texting are the biggest issue. When you text while driving, you are combining all three types of distraction: visual, manual and cognitive.”
Visual distraction occurs when drivers take their eyes off the road to text, which on average lasts for five seconds. (At 55 mph, that’s the length of a football field in distance traveled.) Manual distraction occurs when the hands are taken off the wheel.
Cognitive distraction occurs when a driver’s mind is taken off of the act of driving, and Mayo Clinic researchers found texting does more than just create a lapse in attention; it actually changes a person’s brain waves. The brain waves of 129 patients were monitored over a period of 16 months through electroencephalograms combined with video footage, and a unique “texting rhythm” was found in approximately 1 in 5 patients who were using their smartphones to text message while having their brain waves monitored.
“There is simply no way to drive safely while texting,” says Norris. “The safety of drivers, passengers, pedestrians and other people on the road is much more important than responding to a text.”
With the hands-free law going into effect Aug. 1, Norris and other Mayo Clinic experts offer these tips to keep you focused on driving:
- Make it a group effort. Encourage your friends and family to designate their cars a “no-phone zone” when driving.
- Put your phone somewhere you can’t reach it. Put your phone in the back seat or trunk before driving.
- Use “airplane mode.” In the settings on your cell phone, set your phone on airplane mode, which temporarily disables Wi-Fi and data, meaning you won’t be distracted by notifications from incoming calls, texts or app alerts.
- Use safety settings on your cell phone. Many phones have a setting that allows for an auto-reply to be sent to an incoming text message when a vehicle is in motion. Use the setting to automatically reply that you’re driving and that you’ll respond when you are parked.
Visit mayoclinichealthsystem.org for more information. | <urn:uuid:a9a7bf0c-cd04-4d4c-944c-607597e28678> | CC-MAIN-2022-27 | http://minnesota93.com/2019/07/22/mayo-offering-tips-on-hands-free-law/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656103922377.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220701064920-20220701094920-00601.warc.gz | en | 0.931034 | 554 | 3.03125 | 3 |
So lets take a look at step 04.) Set bool_four equal to the result of not not True or False and not True. So first, lets take at each key conjunction word and then take each part step by step. First: And,
Link to Lesson 6.) And https://www.codecademy.com/en/courses/python-beginner-BxUFN/2/2?curriculum_id=4f89dab3d788890003000096
The boolean operator and returns True when the expressions on both sides of and are true. For instance:
1 < 2 and 2 < 3 is True;
1 < 2 and 2 > 3 is False.
Second: Or, Link to Lesson 7.) Or https://www.codecademy.com/en/courses/python-beginner-BxUFN/2/3?curriculum_id=4f89dab3d788890003000096
The boolean operator or returns True when at least one expression on either side of or is true. For example:
1 < 2 or 2 > 3 is True;
1 > 2 or 2 > 3 is False.
Finally: Not, Lesson Link to 8.) Not https://www.codecademy.com/en/courses/python-beginner-BxUFN/2/4?curriculum_id=4f89dab3d788890003000096
The boolean operator not returns True for false statements and False for true statements.
not False will evaluate to True, while not 41 > 40 will return False.
Now that we have reviewed all three boolean operators, lets break the step down. So first off, bool_four can only equal True or False. There is no other option for it to equal. So one could just guess and pass the lesson with ease. However, we don't learn from that so lets learn why it is what it is.
not not True
As we noticed, not basically returns the opposite of the value it is attached to. You want to look at this not not True like this: not (not True) First, we have to figure out what not True is because the second not is attached to not True. Not True is obviously False. So now we have not (False) so not False is equal to True! So now our equation per say looks like this: True or False and not True.
Next lets look at:
False and not True
Now as we know not True equals False so we really have False and False. As we know from our review that and returns True when the expressions on both sides of and are true. However, with False and False it is false. So now we have as our official equation per say True or False.
True or False
Now we simply need to evaluate this simple or statement to determine our final answer. As we know from our review or returns True when at least one expression on either side of or is true. And since one of our sides of or is True our final answer for bool_four is True.
bool_four = True | <urn:uuid:f59e7849-13d3-445e-a5d8-253def504410> | CC-MAIN-2018-43 | https://discuss.codecademy.com/t/conditionals-control-flow/82230 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-43/segments/1539583513760.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20181021052235-20181021073735-00435.warc.gz | en | 0.890281 | 665 | 4.28125 | 4 |
The natural environment of Hastings is surprisingly diverse and rich, with sandstone cliffs, gill woodland, reedbeds, vegetated shingle beaches and flower-rich meadows. Even the most built up areas of the town can be home to unusual and colourful wildlife. The Black Redstart is a great example of this. So the next time you are shopping in the town centre or waiting for a train at Ore station listen out for its scratchy warbling song or look out for the flash and flicker of its orange tail at the top of buildings or on rail side fences.
(Photo above by Mali Halls)
Identifying Black Redstarts
Black Redstarts (Phoenicurus ochruros) are closely related to robins, wheatears and nightingales all of which are in the thrush family Turdidae. Black Redstarts are immediately recognizable with their charcoal grey plumage and bright orange red tail. Adult males are particularly distinctive with their black face mask and white wing patches.
The only similar looking bird to be found in Britain is the Common Redstart which has an orange red breast and white streak above the eye. The female Common Redstarts pale orange breast and belly contrasts with its brown back and wings, whereas a female Black Redstarts brownish grey breast and belly is very similar in colour to its back and wings.
Where do they live?
Black Redstarts live amongst rocky outcrops and scree within most of Europe’s mountain ranges. They also breed on rocky sea cliffs, quarries and within urban habitats, especially industrial estates and derelict brown field sites. They are widespread throughout Europe even breeding as far north as Finland. There is estimated to be between 3-6 million pairs throughout Europe.
In winter most Black Redstarts winter along the Mediterranean coast and then migrate north in early spring sometimes reaching southern Britain as early as late February to reach their breeding grounds further north and east to start breeding in April. A small number, about 500, spend the winter in coastal habitats in southern Britain.
The breeding population in Britain is very low and fluctuates between about 25 to 100 pairs. So even though they are easy to see when on holiday in the Mediterranean or in central Europe it is always a delight to see them breeding in Britain due to their relative rarity. They first bred in Britain in 1923 on the cliffs in Hastings and the area remains a stronghold for the species in Sussex with between 2 and 8 pairs breeding each year (although some years no count is taken). Black Redstarts can be seen all year round in Hastings with migrants appearing in gardens and green spaces throughout the town from February to May, breeding pairs from April to July and autumn migrants and wintering birds from August through to March.
Where can they be seen in Hastings?
The most reliable places to see Black Redstarts in Hastings are probably Glyne Gap beach (near the base of the cliffs or on the sea defence rocks) in winter and the cliffs below the East Hill, Hastings Country Park Nature Reserve in spring and summer. In spring and autumn they can turn up anywhere and if you live near the sea you might see them almost every year in your garden, although they only usually stay for one or two days before moving on.
When watching for Black Redstarts on the cliffs at Hastings Country Park, bear in mind the risk of falling rocks and getting cut off by the rising tide. The best time to look for them is at low tide when it is possible to walk at a safe distance from the base of the cliff along the beach. Binoculars or a small telescope will be needed to scan the cliffs for movement, but once found you can get good views of the birds hunting for food.
Black Redstart Habitats
On migration and during winter Black Redstarts will stop and feed anywhere there is food and that has an open structure and perching posts such as gardens, heathland, vegetated beaches etc. They primarily feed on insects and spiders so a garden or green space that is managed with wildlife in mind will provide a large diversity of insects and spiders for them to feed on. Setting aside a portion of your lawn that is only cut once a year will provide an abundance of food for birds and mammals that feed on insects. Digging a small shallow pond that dries out in summer is also very beneficial as well as planting native species of trees and shrub such as hawthorn, elder, guelder rose and honeysuckle.
To breed they need bare rocky areas such as the cliffs at Hastings Country Park Nature Reserve or a substitute for bare rocky areas such as rubble on derelict brown field sites or the concrete flat roofs on the top of tall buildings. To ensure cliffs always have bare ground and cliff base debris it is important no measures are taken to stabilise the cliffs or prevent erosion. This is why the management plan for Hastings Country Park Nature Reserve lists objectives for allowing the free functioning of coastal erosion without human intervention.
Development on brown field sites can replace lost habitat by creating green roofs, or even better rubble roofs on any new buildings especially tall building where a green roof would remain undisturbed. Distributing some building rubble or rocks and patches of sand and gravel on top of a green roof will also provide homes for insects and spiders providing food for any resident Black Redstarts. | <urn:uuid:4a713040-04f3-499e-9961-b9653b0cf45f> | CC-MAIN-2017-34 | https://wildhastings.wordpress.com/biodiversity/species/birds/black-redstart/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-34/segments/1502886105961.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20170820015021-20170820035021-00038.warc.gz | en | 0.946064 | 1,092 | 3.359375 | 3 |
Flemish-born sculptor Giovanni da Bologna was a sculptor known for his marble and bronze statues, which he completed in the late Renaissance, or Mannerist, style. Spending most of his life in Florence, Bologna was influenced greatly by Michelangelo s sculptures.
The Rape of the Sabine Women is a complex marble sculpture, depicting three figures compact, yet spiraling upward. This prime example of the Mannerist style of sculpture is considered Bologna s masterpiece. The Mannerist style of sculpting was marked by an emphasis on refined surfaces rather than emotion. This change also signified a move away from the sculptures of classical antiquity that Bologna studied as a young man.
Bologna was the most successful sculptor of his time, making the Mannerist style an international phenomenon and directly influencing the Baroque style of sculpture, in particular, the sculptures of Gian Lorenzo Bernini. | <urn:uuid:193ba353-4947-4ac6-b8f4-f8404f010be6> | CC-MAIN-2014-52 | http://www.designtoscano.com/category/artist/giovanni+da+bologna.do?page=all | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-52/segments/1419447548651.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20141224185908-00061-ip-10-231-17-201.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.972037 | 191 | 3.078125 | 3 |
Bulba - a kind of duodenitis.If duodenitis is involved in the inflammation process immediately adjacent part of the duodenum to the stomach.Bulba - an inflammation of the bulbs directly 12ti duodenum.Bulb opens in excretory ducts of the gallbladder, pancreas.It gets the contents of the stomach.It immediately neutralized.It also begins to produce digestive enzymes.
Often the disease is accompanied by gastritis.Gastritis - an inflammation of the gastric mucosa and has similar symptoms to him.That's why in gastroenterology use a term such as "stomach Bulba".
bulbita There are several types: erosive bulbit, catarrhal bulbit, surface bulbit, acute and chronic bulbit bulbit.
reasons for the development of bulbita may be several.In the duodenum there bryzzheyki, but there are cases where fetal bryzzheyka saved.Then too, the mobile intestine, thereby forming additional loops.This causes them to jam in the part of the food mass flowing through 12perstnuyu intestine.As a resu
addition improperly positioned intestine relative to the axis of the body and over its mobility, there is the relationship of gastritis and gastric bulbita.
Gastritis is also a provocateur bulbita.Gastritis is produced, as a rule, a large amount of hydrochloric acid, which can be thrown into the duodenum.Formed surface bulbit.Generally, because of this there is then erosive gastritis.
Note that helminthic disease, giardiasis and Crohn's disease are also important in the formation of inflammatory bowel 12tiperstnoy.But it often becomes a chronic form of the disease.
Injuries gastrointestinal reception irritating foods, alcoholic beverages and certain medications may trigger an acute bulbit as duodenal mucosa is very sensitive to this kind of influence on it.
also proved that Helicobacter pilory contributes to inflammation of the mucous membrane of the stomach and duodenum, which leads to a significant change in the acidity of ph-content bulbs.Thereby fails digestive process, because of which develops irritation, then inflammation.Result - catarrhal bulbit .
According to scientists, genetic predisposition also has a role in causing bulbita duodenum.
This disease may occur with different symptoms and over.It can occur as a inconspicuous symptoms, or may in the acute form.
Bulba In acute gastric and duodenal ulcer pain can be strong enough, can be accompanied by nausea and repeated vomiting, sometimes with bile.In the mouth may feel bitter taste.Provoking such bulbita often the abuse of drugs or after severe poisoning.This can be explained by the fact that the composition of the tablets always contains a chemical compound that is a strong irritant to the mucous membrane.
Acute bulbit can also be confused with a bout of gastroenteritis or acute pancreatitis, in which the characteristic cramping epigastric pain or zoster character.
Catarrhal and bulbit chronic duodenal ulcer is characterized by aching, arching pain "in his stomach."Sometimes they can give to the right upper quadrant or in the navel.Typically, slack pain, usually triggered by poor diet, for example, after a heavy meal, usually after about two hours after a meal.Sometimes these symptoms may be accompanied by nausea not strong, but without retching.For these kinds of bulbita characteristic for long-term, in the form of seasonal exacerbations.
Erosive bulbit manifested by pain of varying intensity.They can occur at different times of day.There may also arise from hunger - the so-called "hunger pains".At the same time, they are practically permanent.When erosive Bulba can be complications of bleeding, which is accompanied by severe pain, persistent vomiting, bloody, general malaise, fever and headaches.In a patient with such an attack may be a state of shock.
In connection with the violation of motor and secretory functions of the gut 12tiperstnoy its contents periodically thrown into the stomach.As a result, there is heartburn, regurgitation of bitter with the phenomena.
Diagnostics of any kind bulbita is easy.It includes fibrogastroduodenoscopy, X stomach, gastric juice study.In some cases, resorted to probing.
When the attack bulbita advisable to immediately take antacids (Gastal, Reni, Maalox, and so on.).But it is temporary relief.An important factor in the successful recovery is, of course, properly chosen tactic in treating certain types of bulbita.
Acute Bulba prescribed addition of antacids, analgesics (Nospanum, Baralgin, papaverine).These drugs help relieve pain attacks by relaxing smooth muscle tone.It is also advisable to appoint during the first days of the disease hunger, and later strict diet.It is best treatment of acute gastric bulbita carried out in a hospital environment, where you may need a gastric lavage to rule out poisoning.May also appoint a drip of saline to remove the symptoms of intoxication.There you will spend additional methods of inspection, when the results of which will be chosen the most profitable tactics bulbita treatment of acute duodenal ulcer.
In chronic and catarrhal Bulba prescribed antibiotic therapy, since this type of bulbita usually develops due to H. pylori infection.Antibiotics are prescribed based on susceptibility to them.It may be a certain group of antibiotics that act on the cell of the pathogen - amoxicillin, Vilprafen, Summamed De-nol, and others.Sometimes it may appoint metronidazole.But nowadays its effectiveness to potential "killers" Helicobacter contested.Also in this type of long-term diet bulbita appointed.In addition, you need to quit smoking.If possible, avoid stressful situations.You must refuse to accept all kinds of food additives, they can also be a precipitating factor for acute catarrhal and hronichekogo bulbita.Also in stressful situations during the treatment of this type of bulbita prescribed tranquilizers and sedatives.It should be understood and to be psychologically prepared for what will have to reconsider their way of life, as the treatment is complex and lengthy.
On the surface, and wound healing erosive bulbita prescribed drugs (metilarutsil) enveloping drugs in suspension that better encapsulates the gastric mucosa (antacid Maalox, Almagel, Reni and Atropine, Hofitol).Assign a mandatory prescriptions of hydrochloric acid blockers (omeprazole, Metiklopramid, ranitidine).It is one of the successful treatment of this kind bulbita as hydrochloric acid was cast on the affected area provokes the development of ulcers and erosions.The above products do not allow the acid being produced in excessive amounts, and threw in the damaged areas.Particularly effective in this regard Metiklopramid.It also relieves nausea, the cause of which is the increased activity 12tiperstnoy intestine.Also for complex effects on the digestive system can be used Wobenzym (broad-spectrum drugs, consisting of a set of enzymes and acids that are actively involved in the metabolism of many processes in our body), Essentiale (medication to improve liver function, which will be very susceptible to stress duringbulbita treatment).It will also be useful to physiotherapy and spa vacation.
should also talk about diet during treatment bulbita.This is a very important factor on the road to recovery.
Proper nutrition is necessary for each person.It's good.But as a rule, it is impossible to monitor their diet, but most people do not know what the proper nutrition.Particularly it is important for a person suffering from inflammatory gastrointestinal disease.Diet - it's not just the identity of the products that are approved for use, as all diseases are individual, like every organism.
dietician together with the doctor-gastroenterologist will help to choose the right diet, which will have to adhere to for a sufficiently long period of time - about six months.And even if the symptoms have passed, still need to continue to adhere to the diet.
In acute bulbita important to immediately abandon irritate the products - coffee, strong tea, alcohol, spicy, smoked, salty and fatty foods.After all, they then began provoking element in the event of an attack.
In the first days after the attack need only eat liquid food.Since the food for such a patient should be easily digestible, and even a kind of "unloads".Subsequently, a prerequisite for treatment should be separate and split meals.Meals should be increased to six times per day.Food should always be in the form of heat.Table salt is limited to 5 grams a day, sugar - 50 grams.
the first week of the products are allowed to eat soft-boiled eggs, scrambled eggs, steamed mucous oatmeal, baked apples, chicken soup and fillet, stewed fruit and jelly, to four glasses of milk, dairy and cereals soups, meat and fish in a souffle.Bakery products are prohibited.
After two weeks of treatment it is possible to slightly increase the diet products to include white bread yesterday, crackers, cookies galetnoe, low-fat sour cream, butter, cottage cheese, fat-free, steam cutlets of pork, boiled veal, pasta.As for drinks, you can turn on until just tea, and the rather weak.And non-acidic fresh juices from fruits and vegetables.Nutritionists may also recommend the use of half an hour before eating olive oil in the amount of one tablespoon.So twice a day - in the morning and evening.It is well suppresses the secretion of gastric contents and helps in the treatment of disease.
Sample menu diet for one day at Bulba:
1. Scrambled eggs, steamed stuffed with carrots.
2. A glass of weak, lightly sweetened tea with milk.
1. Puree apples.
snack.11 hours 30 minutes
1. The broth from the hips
Lunch.12 hours 30 minutes
1. Soup with chicken meatballs.
2. Boiled rice with steam cutlet of veal.
1. A glass compote
Uzhin.17 hours 30 minutes
1. Carrot salad
2. Souffle fish.
second dinner.19 hours
1. Pudding of crackers with pear puree.
2. A glass of tea.
before bedtime.21 hours
1. A glass of milk.
important to remember that if you suddenly stop compliance with this diet, you can go back "full circle" and then have to start treatment again.It is also important to listen to the recommendations of experts. | <urn:uuid:37e2e4d8-cbdd-4de9-ba3b-855f46dba409> | CC-MAIN-2018-09 | http://diets-doctor.com/en/pages/851443 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-09/segments/1518891812405.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20180219052241-20180219072241-00690.warc.gz | en | 0.913624 | 2,333 | 3.015625 | 3 |
Traumatic brain injury, also called TBI, occurs when the brain is injured by a sudden force, or trauma. The brain can be driven into the side of the skull by a sudden blow, or by the force of shaking or “whiplash”. In either case, the brain can suffer bruising and swelling, and in some cases the impact will be sufficient to tear blood vessels in the brain, causing intracranial bleeding.
If the trauma results in damage to the skull itself, such as a crack or break, the trauma is considered a penetrating head injury. More difficult to diagnose are closed head injuries, in which the brain is injured but the skull remains undamaged. This can occur from a blow or impact, or from severe back-and-forth shaking, such as whiplash. Babies and small children can suffer such injuries from being shaken, the so-called “shaken baby syndrome”.
In any case of closed head TBI, it is necessary to study the symptoms that follow the accident in order to diagnose the condition. Anyone who has sustained a blow to the head or whiplash-like injuries should be evaluated by a medical professional to determine if TBI has taken place. In many cases the symptoms may be so slight as to escape the victim’s notice, but if treatment is not available, further injury can develop. Often the symptoms may be delayed for many hours, until swelling in the brain reaches a point that if affects the victim.
TBI can cause serious, life-threatening events and can result in permanent irreversible damage to the brain. It can lead to paralysis, seizures, blindness, memory loss, impaired communication skills, and many other disabilities. Symptoms may be as obvious as coma or as subtle as a change in emotional behavior. TBI can have a profound effect on quality of life, including inability to work, inability to interact socially and within the family, loss of normal body skills, etc. | <urn:uuid:a21d621f-15d0-427e-910c-827514dbaca3> | CC-MAIN-2021-17 | https://www.jplegal.com/traumatic-brain-injury | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-17/segments/1618038066568.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20210412023359-20210412053359-00323.warc.gz | en | 0.955505 | 403 | 3.390625 | 3 |
It’s a hot summer day and you head out the door and rush down the street to catch the bus. Sweating and breathing heavily, you climb aboard the bus to be greeted with cool refreshing air inside. What’s better than the cool relief provided by air conditioning in the sweltering heat? Heating and cooling in cars, planes, trains and buses make our commutes and travel much more convenient, but it’s not necessarily an easy task and each mode of transportation presents unique challenges. Heating and air conditioning in transportation does more than keeping us comfortable while getting from point A to B, it also plays an important role under the sea and in outer space as well. Let’s explore the technology that makes heating and cooling on the move possible.
HVAC on the Road Again
The air conditioning systems in our cars are run by the cars’ engines
Driving a car in the summer without air conditioning can make for a brutal journey, so keeping comfortable and safe on the road makes all the difference. Heating is also necessary while driving in the winter. The air conditioner compressor in a car is coupled with the crankshaft of the engine to drive the compressor in place of an electric motor. Automobile heaters are essentially radiators that pass hot fluid through the tube of a heat exchanger between the fluid and cabin air. Whether on the way to work or out for an afternoon drive, we can thank these systems for keeping us happy.
HVAC on Track – Trains
Train HVAC components
While train and subway HVAC systems are less standardized, they operate under similar basic principles and surely get the job done. HVAC systems in trains are often composed of multi unit inverter condenser and evaporator sections mounted on top of the train or beneath the floor in the undercarriage, although they can also be mounted on the side of the train as well. The systems can also be split so that cooling is distributed from the ceiling within the cabin and heat is distributed from the floor. HVAC systems must be particularly efficient at ventilation on subway cars not only to provide quality air to passengers but also for safety reasons in case of a fire or other emergencies.
Air conditioning can make all the difference on your daily commute
The HVAC on the Bus Goes Round and Round – Buses
Basic bus HVAC diagram
Buses are an easy and convenient way to get around whether traveling long distances or just commuting around the city. Air conditioners on buses operate similar to those on trains, but there are additional conditions. HVAC units on buses are commonly housed on the top or rear of the bus with the compressor being run by the engine as in cars. In recent years, roof mounted units have grown in popularity due to their improved energy efficiency. Constant exposure to the elements and rough road conditions can take their toll on the compressor of a bus HVAC system, so protecting the compressor is crucial to the longevity of the HVAC system.
Cooling a crowded bus can be a life saver!
Cooling the Friendly Skies – Airplanes
Air conditioning packs system on an airplane
There seems to be a consistent supply of cool air on airplanes, but how do these HVAC systems keep us comfortable? Air conditioning in modern commercial aircraft are primarily operated through 2 types of ECS (Environmental Control System). Simpler ACM (Air Cycle Machine) systems are ideal for large turbine aircraft with a plentiful supply of bleed air, or air compressed by the turbine, to be used as a medium for cooling. Less expensive VCM (Vapor Cycle Machine) systems use special refrigerants for cooling and are better suited for aircraft with limited engine air bleed capacity. On large aircraft, the heating and cooling system components are all combined together in what is known as an air conditioning ‘pack’. The pack will include components such as a flow control valve, a by-pass valve, controllers, a mixing unit and the ACM or VCM.
Vapor condensing from cool air entering the cabin of an airplane
An HVAC Odyssey – Spacecraft
The International Space Station has a unique system in place for heating and cooling
The HVAC systems above are all systems we have frequently experienced. But what about HVAC…in space? Space shuttles and stations like ISS also need climate control to keep their occupants comfortable and safe. To begin with, MLI (Multi Layer Insulation) plays a major role in thermal regulation on a spacecraft. MLI limits the level of heat transfer with the help of thin layers of reflective material. Compact fluid loop heat exchangers run with mechanical pumps are effective in controlling the thermal environment on spacecraft and have advantages such as flexible integration into other systems, stability, controllability and the capacity to handle high variations in temperature including extreme heat. Small electric heaters are also used throughout spacecraft to supply heat as well as strategically placed mirrors outside the spacecraft that direct sunlight into the ship through windows to distribute heat to the occupants.
The HVAC Aquatic – Submarines
The basic working of a submarine HVAC system
Let’s also take a journey under the sea to have a look at how cooling is managed in submarines. There is only a small amount of space for occupancy in a submarine, but within the inner hull, heat is constantly being produced by elements such as engines, storage batteries, stoves, electric lights and even people. With this heat, moisture is also continuously being produced. Only a few cubic feet of space is available for housing air conditioning equipment, but air conditioning is crucial not only for the comfort of the occupants but to control this level of moisture. The temperature at which the air becomes saturated with moisture is called the ‘dew point’ and this dew point must be managed to limit the amount of moisture on board the submarine. To achieve this, air from inside the submarine is drawn by fans into an evaporator that removes moisture from the air and that water is drained away and stored in a tank away from the internal environment of the submarine. The drier, cooler air is returned to the interior of the submarine for a drier and cooler environment.
Limited space in a submarine leaves little room for an HVAC system
Air conditioning can be found in places we may have never even considered before. HVAC systems on our many forms of transportation have truly changed our daily experience. The next time you’re making your commute, keep your cool. Just remember there are people taking advantage of similar HVAC technology deep beneath the sea or even out in space! | <urn:uuid:c504122e-d683-46cb-9864-969bd33ce3f4> | CC-MAIN-2019-43 | https://www.lghvacstory.com/hvac-on-the-move-land-air-sea-and-space/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-43/segments/1570987838289.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20191024012613-20191024040113-00108.warc.gz | en | 0.949673 | 1,358 | 2.9375 | 3 |
Lepromin skin test
The lepromin skin test is used to determine what type of leprosy a person has.
Leprosy skin test; Hansen disease - skin test
How the Test is Performed
A sample of inactivated (unable to cause infection) leprosy-causing bacteria is injected just under the skin, often on the forearm, so that a small lump pushes the skin up. The lump indicates that the
The injection site is labeled and examined 3 days, and again 28 days later to see if there is a reaction.
How to Prepare for the Test
If your child is to have this test performed, it may be helpful to explain how the test will feel, and even demonstrate on a doll. Explain the reason for the test. Knowing the "how and why" may reduce the anxiety your child feels.
How the Test will Feel
When the antigen is injected, there may be a slight stinging or burning. There may also be mild itching at the site of injection afterward.
Why the Test is Performed
This test is a research tool that helps classify the different types of leprosy. It is not recommended as the main method to diagnose leprosy.
People who don't have leprosy will have little or no skin reaction to the antigen. People with a particular type of leprosy, called lepromatous leprosy, will also have no skin reaction to the antigen.
What Abnormal Results Mean
A positive skin reaction may be seen in people with specific forms of leprosy, such as tuberculoid and borderline tuberculoid leprosy. People with lepromatous leprosy will not have a positive skin reaction.
There is a very small risk for an allergic reaction, which may include itching and rarely,
Dupnik K. Leprosy (Mycobacterium leprae). In: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, eds. Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 250.
James WD, Elston DM, Treat JR, Rosenbach MA, Neuhaus IM. Hansen disease. In: James WD, Elston DM, Treat JR, Rosenbach MA, Neuhaus IM, eds. Andrews' Diseases of the Skin. 13th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 17.
Review Date: 08/25/2019
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Information developed by A.D.A.M., Inc. regarding tests and test results may not directly correspond with information provided by UCSF Health. Please discuss with your doctor any questions or concerns you may have. | <urn:uuid:1b6946df-fdd0-49d1-a2e0-7c40b7fc7026> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.ucsfhealth.org/medical-tests/lepromin-skin-test | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510501.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20230929090526-20230929120526-00422.warc.gz | en | 0.873737 | 688 | 3.25 | 3 |
| A RIVER
RUNS UNDER IT:
A HOG RIVER HISTORY
text by Sandra
photos selected by Nancy
printer friendly version
Park River circa 1900.
HAS ITS OWN RIVER, one it doesn't share with Springfield or Middletown.
Once upon a time it was called the Little River, so it would not
be confused with the Great (Connecticut) River. After Bushnell Park
was created around it in the mid-19th century, the stream became
known as the Park River. This rather generic, genteel name was fitting
for a city that specialized in insurance and avoided risk.
Before Bushnell Park, though, it was the Hog River. That colorful
name came from the river's function when the city was in its first
spurts of growth and prosperity: it received the refuse and waste
from the tenements and factories that hugged its edges. The name
conveys a sense of willfulness and reluctance to be tamed which
was appropriate, for the river did not do its job. Instead of reliably
flushing nasty messes from the city, it brought disease when its
waters were low and devastation when they were high. It was dangerous,
and changing its name and putting it in a park did not lessen its
potential to cause destruction.
Living along the Park River, circa 1895.
The disease carried by the river in the summers was accepted as
part of life, especially since only the poorer of the city's citizens
lived near enough to be affected by the water-borne illnesses. The
floods, however, were a different matter. When the Connecticut River
was high, it backed up Hartford's river into the city. Unlike the
slow, chronic wasting of health and life the dirty waters inflicted
on the tenement dwellers, floods were dramatic, their devastation
quick and obvious. They damaged property, and the post-flood cleanups
cost lots of money.
The floods of 1936 and 1938 were particularly expensive, and city,
state, and even federal authorities paid attention. After the 1936
flood, Mayor Spellacy established a Flood Control Commission, and
the even bigger flood two years later added urgency to that commission's
work. Also by late 1938, the U.S. War Department was interested,
for increasing concern over the likelihood of war in Europe meant
America's rapidly expanding defense industry in the Hartford area
had to be protected from any loss of time or materials. Plans for
a system of dikes along the Connecticut River and for putting Hartford's
river underground in what was known as the Park River Conduit were
first created by the Hartford Department of Engineers and then taken
over and finalized by the Office of the District Engineer of the
War Department. That office also supervised construction, which
began in September 1940 and was completed in November 1943.
Conduit workmen. The project proceeded
through densely populated areas of the city, often very close
to the factories and tenements that lined the riverbank. People
went about their daily lives during the construction; note the
laundry hung out to dry. July 1942.
The conduit, made of reinforced concrete, was just over a mile long
(5,800 feet) and ran from the Connecticut River to the space between
the Capitol and Armory buildings. The river was confined in two
tubes, each 30 feet wide and 19 feet high; these ran under Commerce,
Front, Prospect, and Main Streets and were covered by a roadway.
The section under the park was covered by grass, and a small pond
was created so the park would not be entirely devoid of water.
Reports of the cost of the Park River Conduit vary, but it seems
to have been somewhere between $3,000,000 and $4,300,000. We know
little about the people who carried out the construction. The contractor,
B. Perini & Sons, was from Massachusetts. In speeches at the
1943 ceremony during which the U. S. Army Engineers gave the conduit
to the city, Governor Raymond E. Baldwin was the only one to refer
to the "individual workmen," noting that their successful
completion of the job symbolized cooperation among local and federal
agencies. Hartford's Engineering Department documented the project
with hundreds of photographs. These show that the workforce was
racially integrated, though who held which jobs, how many people
worked on the project, what their hours were and what they were
paid, where they were from, and where they went when finished are
Since the 1940s, the flood control system has been refined and
extended, and newcomers to Hartford are surprised to discover that
the city once had a river running through it. Adventurers know how
to gain access to the buried river in canoes (at low water only)
and report that it is a bit spooky and dark, but clean and quiet
in the conduit. The river is still there. What is its name now?
Top and bottom images from the Hartford Collection at the Hartford
Public Library. Middle image is from the Taylor Collection, Connecticut | <urn:uuid:ab262d6c-f593-49c0-86c7-7404414ea569> | CC-MAIN-2014-41 | http://www.hogriver.org/issues/v01n01/hog_river_history.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-41/segments/1410657131238.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20140914011211-00176-ip-10-196-40-205.us-west-1.compute.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.976472 | 1,080 | 2.8125 | 3 |
Freemason Obelisk Dedicated To William Mckinley In Buffalo, NY
The McKinley Monument is a 96-foot (29 m) tall obelisk in Niagara Square, Buffalo, New York. Its location in front of Buffalo City Hall defines the center of the city and Buffalo’s major roads converge on it.
The monument was commissioned by the State of New York and dedicated September 6, 1907 to the memory of William McKinley, 25th President of the United States, who was fatally shot while attending the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo on September 6, 1901.
Architect Daniel H. Burnham (a suspected Freemason) called in to consult on the project, had suggested an obelisk, with fountains at the base and decided where it should be placed. In the end, the monument consists of a Vermont and Italian marble obelisk with surrounding Italian marble lions ( Lions Represent Egyptian Sphinx In Masonry) each 12 feet (3.7 m) long and weighing 12 tons. It was designed by architects Carrère and Hastings, who had led the design of the Exposition, with animal sculptures by Alexander Phimister Proctor that include sleeping lions, and turtles Source: Wikipedia
Measurements Source: ci.buffalo.ny.us
| Unit Measure
|| Object Height
|| Object Width
|| Object Depth
|| Object Diameter
Using occult numerology this monument works out to be 666. 96 feet high breaks down to 6. Take 9+6=15 then add 1+5=6. Height breaks down to 6. Width is 6 and Depth is 6. 666 the number of the beast mentioned in Revelation of the Bible. This monument was dedicated to Freemason William Mckinley by the Freemasons. William Mckinley was assassinated in Buffalo, NY on the steps of the Temple Of Music. | <urn:uuid:4accba41-1a93-4731-85f9-abce6bbc7b5c> | CC-MAIN-2020-45 | https://fourhorsemen66.com/2008/08/20/freemason-obelisk-dedicated-to-william-mckinley-in-buffalo-ny/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-45/segments/1603107865665.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20201023204939-20201023234939-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.927726 | 387 | 3 | 3 |
A new research study has revealed low levels of numerous medicines including carcinogenic chemicals and mercury in oysters that grow in Oregon bays. Other medicines found include antibiotics, antihistamines and pain relievers. Elise Granek, Associate Professor of environmental science and management at POrtland State University is a coauthor of the study published in the Journal Science of the Total Environment.
The pharmaceuticals and chemicals enter the bay through groundwater runoff and wastewater that is discharged to inland rivers ending up in the ocean. Some of the antibiotics found included azithromycin. Also found were ibuprofen and naproxen.
Many medical studies have shown that antibiotics can be endocrine disruptors.
Federal and state governments are concerned about the results of their own tests on drinking water,
Jeffrey Newman represents whistleblowers. | <urn:uuid:10ee61ff-856b-438d-b425-817cef063fc3> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://jeffnewmanlaw.com/new-study-finds-medicines-and-carcinogenic-chemicals-and-mercury-in-oysters/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233511021.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20231002200740-20231002230740-00415.warc.gz | en | 0.935861 | 165 | 2.671875 | 3 |
The Lancet, Volume 383, Issue 9935
, Pages 2136 - 2143, 21 June 2014
doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62630-6Cite or Link Using DOI
Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved.
Efficacy of a monovalent human-bovine (116E) rotavirus vaccine in Indian infants: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Rotavirus is the most common cause of severe dehydrating gastroenteritis in developing countries. Safe, effective, and affordable rotavirus vaccines are needed in these countries. We aimed to assess the efficacy and tolerability of a monovalent human-bovine rotavirus vaccine for severe rotavirus gastroenteritis in low-resource urban and rural settings in India.
We did a randomised double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial at three sites in Delhi (urban), Pune (rural), and Vellore (urban and rural) between March 11, 2011, and Nov 5, 2012. Infants aged 6—7 weeks were randomly assigned (2:1), via a central interactive voice or web response system with a block size of 12, to receive either three doses of oral human-bovine natural reassortant vaccine (116E) or placebo at ages 6—7 weeks, 10 weeks, and 14 weeks. Infants' families, study investigators, paediatricians in referral hospitals, laboratory staff, and committee members were all masked to treatment allocation. The primary outcome was incidence of severe rotavirus gastroenteritis (≥11 on the Vesikari scale). Efficacy outcomes and adverse events were ascertained through active surveillance. Analysis was by intention to treat and per protocol. The trial is registered with Clinical Trial Registry—India (CTRI/2010/091/000102) and ClinicalTrials.gov
4532 infants were assigned to receive the 116E vaccine and 2267 to receive placebo, of whom 4354 (96%) and 2187 (96%) infants, respectively, were included in the primary per-protocol efficacy analysis. 71 events of severe rotavirus gastroenteritis were reported in 4752 person-years in infants in the vaccine group compared with 76 events in 2360 person-years in those in the placebo group; vaccine efficacy against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis was 53·6% (95% CI 35·0—66·9; p=0·0013) and 56·4% (36·6—70·1; p<0·0001) in the first year of life. The number of infants needed to be immunised to prevent one severe rotavirus gastroenteritis episode was 55 (95% CI 37—97). The incidence of severe rotavirus gastroenteritis per 100 person-years was 1·5 in the vaccine group and 3·2 in the placebo group, with an incidence rate ratio of 0·46 (95% CI 0·33—0·65). Prevalence of immediate, solicited, and serious adverse events was similar in both groups. One case of urticaria in the vaccine group and one each of acute gastroenteritis and suspected sepsis in the placebo group were regarded as related to the study product. We recorded six cases of intussusception in the vaccine group and two in the placebo group, all of which happened after the third dose. 25 (<1%) infants in the vaccine group and 17 (<1%) in the placebo group died; no death was regarded as related to the study product.
Monovalent human-bovine (116E) rotavirus vaccine is effective and well tolerated in Indian infants.
Department of Biotechnology and the Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council, Government of India; Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to PATH, USA; Research Council of Norway; UK Department for International Development; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA; and Bharat Biotech International, Hyderabad, India.
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a Centre for Health Research and Development, Society for Applied Studies, New Delhi, India b KEM Hospital Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India c Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India e Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Gurgaon, Haryana, India f National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA g Blair & Co, Greenwich, CT, USA h Advancing Rotavirus Vaccines Development Project, PATH, France i Stanford University School of Medicine, USA j Bharat Biotech International, Genome Valley, Andhra Pradesh, India k Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, India l Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India, India m Vaccine Development Global Program, PATH, USA Correspondence to: Dr Maharaj Kishan Bhan, Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India, New Delhi 110017, India | <urn:uuid:128bab02-a40e-4a31-bb41-817416af8f9b> | CC-MAIN-2014-49 | http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(13)62630-6/fulltext | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-49/segments/1416400376728.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20141119123256-00241-ip-10-235-23-156.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.878201 | 1,186 | 2.5625 | 3 |
In many scientific fields, such as economics, political science and electrical engineering, ordinary least squares (OLS) or linear least squares is the standard method to analyze data. In my eyes, every scientist, data analyst or informed person should have a minimal understanding of this method, in order to understand, interpret and judge the validity of results presented in studies and reports. This page provides an overview and introduction of the ordinary least squares estimator, sometimes also referred to as the classical regression model (CLRM).
What does the OLS estimator do?
In data analysis, we use OLS for estimating the unknown parameters in a linear regression model. The goal is minimizing the differences between the collected observations in some arbitrary dataset and the responses predicted by the linear approximation of the data. We can express the estimator by a simple formula. You can find the general OLS formula and its exact mathematical derivation here.
Why exactly OLS?
Generally, we are looking for the best estimator when analyzing your data. In data analysis the best estimator is refer to as BLUE (best linear unbiased estimator). The Gauss-Markov theorem shows that, if your data fulfill certain requirements, OLS is the best linear unbiased estimator available, i.e. that OLS is BLUE. The mathematical proof that OLS is the best linear unbiased estimator when our data fulfill all required assumptions can be found here.
When to use OLS?
The OLS estimator is consistent when the Gauss-Markov assumptions (sometimes called OLS assumptions or assumptions of the CLRM) are met. You can find an overview and a more profound discussion of these assumptions here. In summary, the OLS estimator requires that the explanatory variables are exogenous and there is no perfect multicollinearity. Furthermore, OLS is optimal in the class of linear unbiased estimators when the errors are homoscedastic and serially uncorrelated. Under these conditions, the method of OLS provides minimum-variance mean-unbiased estimation when the errors have finite variances. Under the additional assumption that the errors be normally distributed, OLS is the maximum likelihood estimator. | <urn:uuid:4f2e3912-7939-4b3c-8b67-31833a29d79b> | CC-MAIN-2020-05 | https://economictheoryblog.com/ordinary-least-squares-ols/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250604397.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20200121132900-20200121161900-00191.warc.gz | en | 0.868838 | 447 | 3.875 | 4 |
One of the consistent elements in political discussions is the influence of religious belief on attitudes toward government. And typically it’s assumed that a high degree of religiosity is synonymous with a high degree of moral conviction – they’re popularly thought to go hand-in-hand. So, if someone’s attitude toward governmental authority is influenced by his or her religiosity, it should logically follow that this attitude is further buttressed by his or her moral conviction; the influence should be the same.
But is that true?
A new study in the journal Psychological Science sought to find out how religiosity and moral conviction influence attitudes toward authority. A survey was administered to a representative sample of 727 Americans, ages 19-90, to asses the degree of trust or mistrust people have in major decisions made by the Supreme Court (in this case, physician assisted suicide, a.k.a ‘PAS’). The sample drew from a wide socioeconomic and educational background.
Measures evaluated via the survey included:
- Support or opposition to PAS
- Level of strength or weakness of support or opposition (to gauge attitude extremity)
- Overall level of moral conviction
- Trust in Supreme Court to make decisions regarding PAS
- Length of time it takes to give an opinion on level of trust in Supreme Court (to reveal the degree of visceral emotion linked to this opinion; more emotion = less time)
- Level of overall religiosity
Here’s what researchers found out: First, the stronger a person’s moral conviction, the less they trust the Supreme Court to make a judgment about PAS. Conversely, the higher the degree of a person’s religiosity, the MORE they trust the Supreme Court to make a decision on this sensitive issue.
Just to be clear about that — the results for moral conviction were exactly the opposite of those for religiosity.
Also, the stronger a person’s moral conviction, the faster they responded to the trust question, indicating a visceral reaction as opposed to a more considered one. Likewise, the higher the degree of someone’s religiosity, the faster they responded to the trust question. So in the case of both moral conviction and religiosity, responses were significantly visceral.
At least two major implications can be drawn out from this study. The first is that the typical assumption that religiosity and moral conviction are necessarily synonymous is false. Moral conviction in this study was strongly linked to distrust in legitimate authority, while religiosity was strongly linked to trust in legitimate authority.
The second implication is that morally convicted people don’t merely “react” to decisions with which they don’t agree. Instead, it’s clear that they don’t trust legitimate authorities to make the right decisions in the first place. Their reaction is simply a projection of a predisposition already strongly held.
The one crucial area this study didn’t tease out fully enough, in my opinion, is where religiosity and moral conviction overlap. Presumably, level of moral conviction would trump level of religiosity on attitudes toward authority (at least it certainly seems this way) – but it’s also possible that religiosity has a moderating effect on moral conviction’s influence in some cases. It would have been useful to see this worked out more carefully in the study; nevertheless, the results are telling.
UPDATE: It’s always great when an author of a study reviewed here comments on the post. Dr. Linda Skitka, one of the authors of this study, left the comment below, which provides an important clarification. Many thanks!
I’m one of the authors of this article. FYI: we did test whether religiosity moderated the effects of moral conviction, and it did not–in other words, the effects of moral conviction on trust in the Supreme Court did not change as a function of whether the perceiver was low or high in religiosity. We measured both general religiosity, as well as whether people’s feelings about PAS were based on religious convictions, and got the same pattern of results regardless of which way we operationalized “religiousness”. Interestingly (and counter-intuitively), about one-third of those whose attitude about PAS reflected a strong religious conviction did not report that their attitude about PAS was a strong moral conviction.
Wisneski, D., Lytle, B., & Skitka, L. (2009). Gut Reactions: Moral Conviction, Religiosity, and Trust in Authority Psychological Science, 20 (9), 1059-1063 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02406.x | <urn:uuid:65aeacf4-0f7d-4142-97ff-703858a7a62b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://neuronarrative.wordpress.com/category/about-religion/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284270.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00177-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957218 | 973 | 2.5625 | 3 |
In 1849 the ideal French woman was often depicted in the artwork of the recent Impressionist movement as beautiful, idolized, and silent. In that same year George Sand’s work La Petite Fadette presented an alternative image of a woman; one who was strong and intelligent. La petite Fadette is a multi-faceted character who both embodies traditional female roles and puts them into question, most notably the role of beauty. However, through these critiques and representations one must question whether Sand is truly liberating women from traditional roles, or reaffirming the belief that it will always be the beautiful who are most accepted in society. Regardless, Sand illustrates that an ideal woman should not be one put upon a pedestal, but instead an intelligent woman worthy of a voice, a voice which she gives.
Beth Lueck, ’08 Westminster, CO
Sponsor: Devan Baty | <urn:uuid:62ed154e-d2cd-4f42-b626-70b516b4c5f0> | CC-MAIN-2018-34 | https://symposium.cornellcollege.edu/2008/04/29/une-voix-forte-pour-une-femme-idealea-discussion-of-feminine-representations-in-george-sands-la-petite-fadette/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-34/segments/1534221218122.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20180821112537-20180821132537-00441.warc.gz | en | 0.949644 | 187 | 2.9375 | 3 |
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