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Physics Logic (Physical Science for the Logic Stage) is an inquiry based, hands-on physical science curriculum for middle school students. It is created to provide teachers with the tools and inspiration to engage their students in meaningful, hands-on science and service learning experiences through tangible curriculum, shared resources, and real-world contexts. This curriculum was field tested in the public school classroom and modified for the homeschool or co-op setting.
Physics Logic is comprised of four disciplines (Chemistry, Electricity & Magnetism, Simple Machines & Laws of Motion, and Engineering & Design). The units can stand alone or can be combined for a complete academic year curriculum. The order in which the units are taught is flexible. Alternatively, you may combine an Physics Logic unit with a unit from the Life Logic series or Earth Logic series.
The Engineering & Design unit studies bring hands-on physical science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) activities together with art and science writing in fun and challenging ways. I am delighted to share these activities with you so that you may teach engineering concepts to your children and build on their natural curiosity through hands-on learning. Engineering is, after all, one of the fastest growing industries in the world! The projects and activities outlined in each of these unit studies can be modified for small groups or with individual students. | <urn:uuid:9adc7b76-dbd2-4eda-8de8-6cc671b5b4bd> | CC-MAIN-2021-21 | https://evavarga.net/product/worlds-tallest-buildings/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-21/segments/1620243991801.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20210515100825-20210515130825-00401.warc.gz | en | 0.930936 | 272 | 3.65625 | 4 |
ScienceDaily has a report (here) on a paper by E. Kalbe and others in Cortex, Dissociating cognitive from affective theory of mind: A TMS study. The ability to infer what another person is thinking is an essential tool for social interaction and is known by neuroscientists as “Theory of Mind” (ToM).
The researchers then applied repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to a part of the brain thought to be involved in rational inference — the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex — in order to interfere temporarily with the activity in that part of the brain and test its effect on the ToM abilities of the volunteers…The findings showed that the temporary interference in this particular area of the brain had an effect on the rational inference abilities (cognitive ToM) of the volunteers, but not on their abilities to infer emotions (affective ToM). … this suggests that certain skills and behaviours known as “executive functions,” such as cognitive flexibility and set-shifting, may be important while the brain is working out what someone else is thinking.
This does not tells us about the source of affective ToM. | <urn:uuid:a49e1fad-661e-42d3-98e6-2353bc93dcee> | CC-MAIN-2022-05 | https://charbonniers.org/2010/06/08/two-theories-of-mind/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-05/segments/1642320300624.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220117212242-20220118002242-00153.warc.gz | en | 0.94819 | 242 | 2.859375 | 3 |
Many of us have ancestral roots from a tropical or subtropical region of the world, where sweating outdoors was a natural way of life. Now, due to modern life, we work indoors and even work out in temperature-controlled gyms. Our bodies have actually become more heat intolerant and this could be causing physiological and metabolic changes that prevent us from reaching the best possible health, body composition and fitness. In this post, we are going to take a closer look at whether heat exposure and sauna use helps burn body fat and improves health.
What Happens to Humans in a Sauna?
So first things first, what is actually going on in the body when a person sits in a sauna? Obviously the body heats up, but just how hot? After about 30 minutes in a sauna which is 174 degrees Fahrenheit, the skin typically heats up to about 105 degrees Fahrenheit. This starts compensatory cooling which the body attains through profuse sweating at a rate of 0.6-1 kilograms an hour. When a body sweats, it can give off about 200 watts of heat, which isn’t enough to offset the total heat load. As a result, the body’s insides begin to heat up. This sounds concerning right? Let’s look at how the body reacts. After being exposed to a sauna regularly, the body adapts to the heat and is better suited to handle it. Ways in which this can be seen are as follows:
- An enhanced cardiovascular system and lower heart rate.
- Lowered body temperature when working out.
- Increased sweat pace and sweat sensitivity as a role of increased thermoregulatory control.
- Improved blood flow to skeletal muscles which is known as muscle perfusion.
- Improved muscle perfusion reduces the rate of glycogen depletion.
- Red blood cell count increase.
- Oxygen transported to the muscles is increased.
Research on Sauna Use
There has been research conducted on sauna use in order to get real answers on the benefits. One study was performed to find out if sauna use had an impact on heart health. For over 30 years the health and sauna habits of 2,315 Finnish men around the age of 53 was tracked. The results showed an extraordinary protection from fatal heart attacks by sauna users.
Researchers found that men using a sauna two or three times a week had a 23% lower chance of having a fatal heart attack, compared to men that used a sauna only once a week. Men that used a sauna four to seven times a week had a 48% lower chance of having a fatal heart attack compared to men that only used a sauna once a week!
Additionally, there are several studies that prove that the effects of heat stress can have powerful effects on growth hormone levels. One study from 1976 discovered that Finnish sauna usage increased growth hormone over 140%. Increasing growth hormone levels increases protein synthesis (this includes muscle) and helps with fat loss.
Several health benefits have been identified as resulting from sauna use. The following are some of the most common:
- Lower Oxidative Stress – Oxidative stress is an imbalance between the load of reactive oxygen species in the body and the body’s ability to deal with them. Oxidative stress is what leads to chronic health conditions like arthritis, heart disease, and cancer. It also accelerates aging. Exercise, getting enough sleep, proper nutrition as outlined in my book, meditation, and targeted heat stress can all help lower oxidative stress in both healthy and sick people. Sauna use additionally helps to relieve oxidative stress and keep it in balance.
- Increase Antioxidant Capacity– After oxidative stress is increased, sauna therapy triggers compensatory adaptations and antioxidant defenses in the blood.
- Improve Lipid Profiles– Using a sauna lowers LDL and triglyceride levels while increasing HDL in both men and women.
- Help with Insulin Sensitivity– We want our bodies to be more insulin sensitive to reduce diabetes risk, heart disease risk and to help with body fat loss and it appears sauna use can help with this. In addition, regular sauna use increases the expression of a powerful chemical called nitric oxide which relaxes blood vessels and improves blood flow, mimicking the changes seen from doing aerobic exercise.
Athletic Performance Benefits
As athletes use their bodies more than the typical person, there are additional benefits that they can reap with sauna use.
- Endurance– Plasma volume and blood flow to the heart are increased with sauna use. This reduces cardiovascular strain so the heart rate is lowered, which increases endurance in trained and untrained athletes. Blood flow to skeletal muscles is increased and they stay fueled with glucose, esterified fatty acids, and oxygen. Additionally, by-products like lactic acid are removed. Increased nutrients delivered to the muscles helps to reduce their reliance on glycogen stores. Thermoregulatory control is improved, which operates by turning on the sympathetic nervous system and increasing the blood flow to the skin, thus increasing sweat rate.
- Increased Blood Volume– Blood volume was increased by 7.1% in a particular study and the red blood cell count was increased by 3.5%. Increased blood cell count means more oxygen delivered to the muscles. The heat acclimation increases the red blood cell count through production of the hormone erythropoietin (aka EPO). By the way, synthetic EPO is the illegal drug athletes like Lance Armstrong used to perform “blood doping” to improve their blood’s oxygen delivery. Looks like sauna use and heat exposure are more natural (and legal) ways to derive a blood doping effect.
- Muscular Hypertrophy– Muscle hypertrophy is the increased size of muscle cells and possibly an increase in strength.
Hyperthermic training has become a key way athletes and even recreational fitness enthusiasts exercise to significantly improve performance. Doesn’t always have to involve using a sauna. Even exercising in heated conditions, like on a hot summer day (be sure to adequately hydrate) can get you some of these benefits and perhaps this explains some of the additional benefits from heated yoga techniques popularized by Bikram yoga.
Kinds of Saunas
When deciding to use a sauna, you have a few options. The following are the most commonly found:
Dry saunas are the most conventional and widely known form of sauna, using entirely dry heat. They are usually between 160-194°F and are the ones that researchers have focused on so far. On the other hand, a sauna with steam raises body temperature more than dry saunas, but it might be hard to stay in long enough to get the same benefits.
An infrared sauna uses an infrared lamp to heat your body to precisely the temperature desired. The temperatures are much lower, about 120-130 °F. Waon is an infrared sauna therapy used in Japan to treat heart failure, cardiovascular disease, and fibromyalgia. It may also help improve exercise tolerance and improve wound healing.
There are a few precautions to keep in mind before entering a sauna, as it does put your body under stress initially, which may not be suitable for everyone. First, never drink alcohol or take drugs before going into a sauna, it significantly increases your risk of dying. Also, patients with Multiple Sclerosis may have problems with cognitive function and motor control for about an hour after using a sauna. Avoid sauna use during pregnancy. If you have any chronic health conditions or are at high risk for heart disease, it is best to get clearance from your doctor before implementing regular sauna use.
Be Careful! Heat stress is very taxing so if you think you’re getting too warm, you should probably get out. Heatstroke can happen quickly and without warning. Keep a refreshing drink available, something like coconut water, mineral water, or even regular water with a pinch of sea salt to replenish some of the lost minerals from sweating.
Other Ways to Improve Heat Tolerance
Even if the sauna is not for you, trying to gradually increase your heat intolerance with exercise/activity looks like it carries benefit and mimics the type of activities our ancestors performed. My grandmother did quite a bit of her housework out in the Kolkata, India summer heat. Even taking your laptop or smartphone outside on a hot day to do some essential work might be a way to already start ramping up your heat tolerance.
Also keep in mind that your skin is one of your most potent organs for detoxification. We are exposed to so many chemicals in our foods, through the use of skin care products, BPA-laden packages and food containers, and through the air we breathe, that sweating these out intermittently is a great way to improve health. BPA (Bisphenol-A) is a ubiquitous contaminant known as an “endocrine disruptor” which interferes with our body’s hormonal balance. It’s found in everything from kid’s toys, plastic containers, receipts and pizza boxes (read this for surprising sources). Studies analyzing sweat samples have detected toxins and metals including cadmium, mercury, lead and BPA. So don’t look at sweating as a nuisance. It may be an essential way for your body to purge itself from at least some of the unavoidable toxins of modern day living. Especially if you live in or visit an area of the world where pollution is a major problem, you may need to incorporate some sweat-induced detoxification sessions.
Vitamin D Deficiency: Another Metabolic Consequence
In addition to heat intolerance, many of my Indian and Asian patients are especially sun intolerant, worrying about the societal stigma of a darkened complexion. Whereas tanned bodies are considered exotic in Western countries, it’s quite the opposite in South Asian and East Asian cultures. Sun exposure and perspiration are delegated to laboring classes, not to the affluent. Unfortunately sun avoidance leads to another major metabolic issue that compounds the heat intolerance effects we discussed, and that is severe vitamin D deficiency, which I discuss in detail here. Unless you have serious risk factors for sun-induced skin cancer, intermittent and safe sun exposure is a critical way to boost vitamin D levels.
Hopefully this information gives you a new perspective on your summer trips to India, East Asia, or some hot tropical destination. Don’t confine yourself exclusively to indoor air conditioned spaces. I want you to reframe hot, sunny days from being a calamity, to an ideal opportunity for you to switch on some highly advantageous metabolic adaptations that may potentially help improve body composition, athletic performance, detoxification and prolong life. Now go out and enjoy the sun and heat! | <urn:uuid:bec17345-7503-45bf-a42e-e12af894732a> | CC-MAIN-2018-09 | http://culturalhealthsolutions.com/does-heat-and-sauna-use-help-burn-body-fat-and-improve-health/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-09/segments/1518891812665.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20180219131951-20180219151951-00420.warc.gz | en | 0.936998 | 2,209 | 2.90625 | 3 |
Posted on Feb 03, 2017 by Anisha
BlockBuilders is a Brighton-based start-up that has been using FME to model the city of Brighton and Hove in the popular video game, Minecraft.
Through combining different sets of open source data, they have been able to generate a 1:1 scale map which features the terrain, road networks, surface water area, buildings, rail networks and the wooded areas. On top of this, they have incorporated the key landmarks of the Pavilion, the Palace Pier, West Pier, BA I360 and the American Express football stadium. This process was developed as part of an Innovate UK-funded project, Innovation in Urban Spaces.
The reason BlockBuilders has made this model is to engage a wide range of demographics in the planning process. Due to using Minecraft, their approach is youth-centred which means that they can engage multiple generations at once whilst consulting communities in developments across the private and public sectors.
Minecraft is at the centre of their process as it allows a collaborative conversation about places. Through utilising 3D printing and virtual reality, they can bring these conversations to life.
The combination of youth engagement, digital technology and BlockBuilders’ process enables citizens’ views to be represented and clear actionable data to be fed back to the decision makers. | <urn:uuid:3a858ad9-1b81-4073-80fe-5a77071942ca> | CC-MAIN-2017-39 | http://www.sterlinggeo.com/news-articles/2017/02/03/fme-minecraft-innovation/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-39/segments/1505818689775.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20170923194310-20170923214310-00656.warc.gz | en | 0.947445 | 271 | 2.9375 | 3 |
Continuing with our CSS theme for the tutorial of day, today we're featuring a tutorial on positioning. The best tutorial I'm aware of for explaining how element positioning works in CSS can be found over at BrainJar (there's also a French translation available).
Perhaps the most difficult thing to understand in CSS is the “box model.” When people complain about CSS and cross browser incompatibility, the box model is responsible for 90 percent of the problems.
While BrainJar's tutorial covers many aspects of CSS position elements, it stands out for its dead simple explanation of the box model. From the tutorial: “For display purposes, every element in a document is considered to be a rectangular box which has a content area surrounded by padding, a border and margins.”
How those spacial elements are rendered varies somewhat by browser, but Internet Explorer is the main culprit here since it fails to comply with the box model defined in the W3C's specs.
The box model is what requires the most hacks when trying to get cross-browser perfection from your style sheets, but fear not, the hacks are fairly minor and generally don't mean all that much extra work.
And for the record, lest anyone think I'm Microsoft-bashing, the problem with IE is not so much that it gets the box model wrong, but that it renders it differently than the W3C spec.
The way IE renders the margin and padding on box elements actually makes sense once you understand it and is occasionally even preferable to the W3C specs' definition, but the fact remains, it doesn't adhere to the standards set forth by the W3C, which nearly every other browser uses.
As always, if you know of other tutorials, post them in the comments below. | <urn:uuid:bba865a4-950a-44af-81ad-da14efbe6c46> | CC-MAIN-2019-51 | https://www.wired.com/2006/12/tutorial-o-the-day-css-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-51/segments/1575541308604.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20191215145836-20191215173836-00426.warc.gz | en | 0.941548 | 364 | 2.59375 | 3 |
Driverless cars – also known as self-driving cars and autonomous vehicles – have recently become a heated topic in the US. In the wake of Google’s launch of a test project featuring its own self-driving pods, debate has gone viral on the internet. There’s fear of privacy being violated, hackers taking over control of the car, and loss of personal freedom behind the wheel. On the other side, there’s been much enthusiasm for the technology solving huge problems coming from car crashes and worsening traffic congestion and gridlock.
The polarized debate calls up two images – computerized artificial intelligence system HAL 9000 becoming an antagonist murderously attempting to take control of the spaceship in “2001: A Space Odyssey;” and there’s KITT, a black Pontiac Firebird Trans Am that safely transports do-good action hero Michael Knight in “Knight Rider.” A new white paper on the subject, “Hands off the Steering Wheel – The state of autonomous vehicle government policies, testing projects – and when these vehicles will likely make it to roads,” explores these polarizing issues and what to expect in coming years.
Since Google’s announcement in May of this year, there’s been a wave of debate and analysis over this ground-breaking technology and when it’s likely to show up in large numbers on our roads. Beyond Google, Nissan and other car and truck makers are making bold statements about it, and studies have been released this summer sharing perspectives from consumers and transportation and technology experts. Highlights of this white paper include details on states that have adopted autonomous vehicle testing programs and policies, along with where it stands in the US government and other nations; and the role Google has played in self-driving cars being tested in states, and the company potentially entering the automotive business with its own car. General Motors has played a key role in the history of autonomous vehicles dating back to its
1956 short movie, “Key to the Future.” Technology suppliers like Cisco and Continental are also playing an important role in developing these autonomous vehicle systems.
“Hands off the Steering Wheel” also presents the latest in academic, engineering, and policy studies on the subject matter from organizations including IEEE, SAE, and Navigant Research. Public opinion trends are explored that will likely influence autonomous vehicle resistance and support in the near future.
The white paper was written by Jon LeSage, editor and publisher of Green Auto Market, and media consultant at LeSage Consulting. The consulting practice creates content, marketing communications, and market intelligence in clean transportation, advanced and autonomous vehicles, and urban mobility. Green Auto Market delves into these issues on a weekly basis.
“Hands off the Steering Wheel” digs deep into the subject matter that readers are very passionate and opinionated about – and need to stay current and well informed on where it all stands. While the characters of HAL 9000 and KITT come from science fiction, the topic of self-driving, autonomous vehicles has lately been stirring more passionate comments on social media, blogs, and editorial think pieces than anything else seen for years in the automotive and transportation space. Click here to read more about the white paper. | <urn:uuid:9a60d625-4335-437d-ae60-ef8be87397c7> | CC-MAIN-2017-17 | http://automotivedigest.com/2014/09/hands-steering-wheel-explores-driverless-cars-heading-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917126237.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031206-00526-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.951508 | 665 | 2.71875 | 3 |
Magnetotactic bacteria produce intracellular crystals of magnetite or greigite, the properties of which have been shaped by evolution to maximize the magnetic moment per atom of iron. Intracellular bacterial magnetite therefore possesses traits amenable to detection by physical techniques: typically, narrow size and shape distributions, single-domain size and arrangement in linear chains, and often crystal elongation. Past strategies for searching for bacterial magnetofossils using physical techniques have focused on identifying samples containing significant amounts of single domain magnetite or with narrow coercivity distributions. Searching for additional of traits would, however, increase the likelihood that candidate magnetofossils are truly of biological origin. Ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy (FMR) is in theory capable of detecting the distinctive magnetic anisotropy produced by chain arrangement and crystal elongation. Here we present analyses of intact and lysed magnetotactic bacteria, dilutions of synthetic magnetite, and sedimentary samples of modern carbonates from the Great Bahama Bank, Oligocene-Miocene deep-sea muds from the South Atlantic, and Pleistocene lacustrine deposits from Mono Basin, California. We demonstrate that FMR can distinguish between intact bacterial magnetite chains, collapsed chains, and linear strings of magnetite formed by physical processes. We also show that sediments in which the magnetization is likely carried by bacterial magnetite have FMR spectra resembling those of intact or altered bacterial magnetite chains.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Geochemistry and Petrology
- Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous)
- Space and Planetary Science
- biogenic magnetite
- ferromagnetic resonance
- magnetotactic bacteria | <urn:uuid:cac7236a-91ce-4540-a681-eba9bced24e8> | CC-MAIN-2021-04 | https://collaborate.princeton.edu/en/publications/chains-clumps-and-strings-magnetofossil-taphonomy-with-ferromagne | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-04/segments/1610703521139.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20210120151257-20210120181257-00101.warc.gz | en | 0.859503 | 349 | 2.859375 | 3 |
Fast food is the term given to food that can be prepared and served very quickly. While any meal with low preparation time can be considered to be fast food, typically the term refers to food sold in a restaurant or store with preheated or precooked ingredients, and served to the customer in a packaged form for take-out/take-away. The term "fast food" was recognized in a dictionary by Merriam–Webster in 1951. Americans treat food as a source of immediate gratification. We want it tasty, we want it cheap and we want it now. To meet this demand, American manufacturers pump their food full of sugar, salt, hydrogenated oils, saturated fats, preservatives, dyes, artificial flavors, and a host of bizarre, unpronounceable chemicals that, if you saw them in their pre-processed state, you would never consider putting in your mouth. Our food is almost unrecognizable as food. Additives and preservatives often replace all the nutrients and fiber that is removed from the original food source. Calories that have no nutritional value - such as those found in sugary soda and many fried foods - are called “empty calories.” The portions served by fast food chains and other restaurants are far larger than the recommended portion size for most foods. Food costs for restaurants are relatively low, compared to the costs of rent and labor, so it makes sense for them to offer larger portions that make their customers feel like they are getting a bang for the buck. As American eat out more and more frequently, they become accustomed to those oversized portion, and think that such portions are normal. The high caloric content of these large servings leads to weight gain for regular fast food customers, and obesity can lead to many dangerous health problems. Americans are getting fatter and fatter every year. It is estimated that as many as one in five Americans is obese, a condition defined as being more than 30 percent above the ideal weight based on height or have a BMI of 30 or higher . Even more alarming is that fact that obesity rates for children have doubled over the past 20 years, and overweight children are being diagnosed with obesity-related illnesses such as diabetes, sleep apnea and respiratory illnesses that in the past have only afflicted adults.
Here are the top 10 worst fast food for your health: 1. Triple Baconator at Wendy’s Calories: 1330 Saturated fat: 38 gr Sodium: 3,150 mgr Sugar: 11 gr 2. Supersonic cheeseburger at Sonic Calories: 980 Saturated fats: 24 gr Sodium: 1,430 mgr Sugar: 13 gr 3. BK Quad Stacker Calories: 930 Saturated fats: 28 gr Sodium: 1,430 mgr 4. Bread bowl pasta form Domino Calories: 670 Saturated fats: 22 Sodium: 1780 5. Large beef’n cheddar from Ardy’s Calories: 650 Saturated fats: 11 Sodium: 2200 Sugar: 10 6. Breast-leg biscuit from Popeye’s Calories: 640 Saturated fats: 15.5 Sodium: 1940 Sugar: 2 7. Chipotle steak salad from Taco Bell Calories: 900 Saturated fats: 11 Sodium: 1700 Sugar: 7 8. Stack of 4 cheeseburger from White Castle Calories: 680 Saturated fats: 16 Sodium: 1320 Sugar: 8 9. Jumbo Jack and cheese from Jack in the box Calories: 620 Saturated fats: 15 Sodium: 1250 Sugar: 10 10. Whopper from BK Calories: 670 Saturated fats: 11 Sodium: 1020 Sugar: 11
Be honest… how many of those have you/ are you enjoying?? | <urn:uuid:e1bf859d-4ea3-42dd-ae55-16f4812960ee> | CC-MAIN-2018-22 | http://drmarkscorner.blogspot.com/2012/01/fast-food-danger.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-22/segments/1526794867173.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20180525180646-20180525200646-00116.warc.gz | en | 0.952242 | 748 | 2.84375 | 3 |
Martin Luther felt very strong about the bible. He believed that the bible is the only source of truth; that the bible should be read yourself, so you can interpret and understand what it really means. Since the bible was in Latin and normally priests could only read it, he wanted it to be vernacular.
His Beliefs And 95 Theses
Martin Luther raised his voice of what he thought was corrupt in the church with his 95 theses. He still believed these even though the church and some people thought his teachings led people to hell. Martin Luther spoke for poor people who couldn't afford indulgences because he believed that only god and faith save you, not any money.
Martin Luther started a chain reaction of beliefs. Some people now had their own ideas about the church, and many people took his teachings and adapted them to what they believed. For example, Calvin, Zwingli, and the anabaptists took some of his ideas and made their beliefs known too. Also, he influenced the Jesuits to respond to his actions by making the church look better again. The Jesuits encouraged education, business, and politics.
Martin Luther was a heretic: declared by the diet of Worms. He protested the churches teachings. He disliked the way the church was run. He also went against indulgences which made the church money and people sinless. His teachings led people straight to hell.
Martin Luther made people revolt against the church because of his ideas. He made people think the church was bad with his teachings and his 95 theses. He said the church was doing many things wrong, such as selling indulgences and having a church hierarchy. The Jesuits had to fix the image of the church because of him.
Martin Luther wanted to taint the bible by translating it into other languages other than Latin. Latin is the holy language it was written in, and it is meant to be read and spoken that way; not vernacular. | <urn:uuid:766ba291-5858-4130-b92d-618bd454688a> | CC-MAIN-2017-13 | https://spark.adobe.com/page/qEqkyIOpxjFPf/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-13/segments/1490218203536.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20170322213003-00060-ip-10-233-31-227.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.992218 | 402 | 3.453125 | 3 |
Artes Del Lenguaje – Oraciones
If you were looking for simple and compound sentences, how to write sentences, what is a subject and a predicate, subject and verb agreement and much more, this is your document. This packet has the following:
What are sentences?
Types of Sentences
Example of types of sentences
How to write sentences
Simple sentences and compound sentences
Subject verb agreement
Looking for Spanish products or Bilingual Resources? Click here to check out my store:
Bilingual Teacher Store Be sure to follow my store! Click the follow me button and discover lots of great Spanish and Bilingual classroom resources!
Tags: Spanish | Bilingual | Spanish Resources | Spanish Activities | Spanish Worksheets | Spanish Printables | Spanish Free | Bilingual Activities | <urn:uuid:cfc1e919-beb0-4458-9937-b1bbe6087d99> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://thebilingualteacherstore.com/product/artes-del-lenguaje-oraciones/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510575.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20230930014147-20230930044147-00153.warc.gz | en | 0.912471 | 166 | 3.921875 | 4 |
DATE: November 26, 2018
SNIP: Powerful storms that cause extreme weather conditions such as flooding across Europe and North America, with the potential to wreak social and economic havoc, could increase threefold by the end of the 21st century due to climate change.
Pioneering new research, led by Dr. Matt Hawcroft from the University of Exeter, has shown new and detailed information on projections of the frequency of extratropical cyclones.
The research shows that unless there is a significant reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, there will be a stark increase in their frequency across large swathes of the Northern Hemisphere.
In this new study, the researchers analysed the behaviour of present day and future storms using state-of-the-art modelling and storm tracking techniques. By approaching the analysis in a ‘storm centred’ framework, the team were able to evaluate changes in the frequency and intensity of these extratropical cyclones with more consistency than previous studies have suggested.
Importantly, the research team were able to show that models project there would be a threefold increase in the number of the most intensely precipitating extratropical cyclones in both Europe and North America by the end of the century. | <urn:uuid:ba9b0b47-8664-44b8-bb69-b29cb2e7f212> | CC-MAIN-2021-31 | https://www.fasterthanexpected.com/2018/11/26/climate-change-could-lead-to-threefold-increase-in-powerful-storms-across-europe-and-north-america/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-31/segments/1627046154408.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20210802234539-20210803024539-00596.warc.gz | en | 0.946333 | 253 | 3.625 | 4 |
Austria is a German-speaking nation located in Central Europe. Austria prides itself for being one of the most stable and robust European member states offering its citizen high living standards and well-developed trading markets. Although it is a landlocked country, it provides the perfect environment for investors due to its diverse and healthy economic system characterized by a free market economy. The most significant industries in Austria include construction and building, electronics and electrics, tourism, food and drinks, logistics and transportation, automotive and chemical industries, as well as steel and mechanical engineering.
Construction and Building industries
The construction and building industry plays a crucial role in Austria’s economy with booming infrastructure markets creating a vibrant and diversified platform for new projects. This sector contributes over six percent of the country's gross domestic product. Development in the industry comes from both private and government projects with a high demand for residential properties due to current population growth. The industry covers areas such as organizing projects, production of materials, machines, and engineering tools, services, and civil engineering.
The tourism sector in Austria has been playing a significant role in its economic growth since the 1950s through embracing of modern mass tourism. Moreover, the tourism sector has an expansive character with high levels of employment and sales figures. The country has over 40,000 tourist establishments employing over 200,000 people.
The electronics and electrics industries in Austria have led to an outstanding export ratio of over 69.7 percent. This sector deals in mechatronics, electrical engineering, car electronics, electronic supply industry, automotive suppliers, services and diverse industry, control engineering, electronics wholesales, and plant technicians among others. The electronic industry employs thousands of locals every year. Austria’s electronics sector is popular for its innovativeness, product diversity, research, and know-how.
Food and Drinks
The food economy plays a crucial and integral part of the growth of the country’s GDP contributing 12% to the economy. Austrian groceries enjoy high popularity globally. The country boasts of having high quality modern and traditional resources for handling food productions. Additionally, the innovative manufacturing processes combined with international agricultural trade helps in creating a wide range of food and drinks. The major segments in the Food and drinks industries include food-processing sectors like slaughterhouses and dairy farms; agriculture, and food trade. Additionally, there are brewing companies, non-alcoholic beverage firms, and gastronomy services. The food sector employs over 27,000 people.
Logistics and Transportation
The Austrian logistic, traffic, and transportation sector are booming with the industry reporting growth in employment and productivity. The overland transport includes commuter trains, auto bus, railway, cabs, ships, and air that move cargo and commuters domestically and internationally. Austria has a well constructed and globalized distribution channel for transport of goods through cross-borders and international logistics systems. The various transport and logistics technology standards coupled with efficient innovations, high customer focus, and high technical standard have made Austria rank high in the global transport market. | <urn:uuid:9ebd8deb-014d-48a9-bebe-227a392b420f> | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-are-the-biggest-industries-in-austria.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296950110.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20230401160259-20230401190259-00241.warc.gz | en | 0.946269 | 620 | 2.5625 | 3 |
All cars share some common properties, such as the fact that they have tires, seats, brakes, MPG, and other specifications. Yet, most cars are also different based on their model, year, color, and so forth. These types of relationships between objects occur frequently, and as computer scientists, we want to model these relationships in an organized way such that the objects, containers of data, can help us better solve problems. The paradigm is called Object-oriented programming.
Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time.
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Borrowed from Old French sacrifice, from Latin sacrificium (“sacrifice”), from sacrificō (“make or offer a sacrifice”), from sacer (“sacred, holy”) + faciō (“do, make”). Displaced Old English ansegdniss.
- (transitive, intransitive) To offer (something) as a gift to a deity.
- (transitive) To give away (something valuable) to get at least a possibility of gaining something else of value (such as self-respect, trust, love, freedom, prosperity), or to avoid an even greater loss.
- “Don’t you break my heart / ’Cause I sacrifice to make you happy.” - From the song “Baby Don’t You Do It” by Marvin Gaye
- “God sacrificed His only begotten Son, so that all people might have eternal life.” (a paraphrase of John 3:16)
- Condemned to sacrifice his childish years / To babbling ignorance, and to empty fears.
- G. Eliot
- The Baronet had sacrificed a large sum […] for the sake of […] making this boy his heir.
- (transitive) To trade (a value of higher worth) for something of lesser worth in order to gain something else valued more, such as an ally or business relationship, or to avoid an even greater loss; to sell without profit to gain something other than money.
- Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged
- If you exchange a penny for a dollar, it is not a sacrifice; if you exchange a dollar for a penny, it is.
- Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged
- (transitive, chess) To intentionally give up (a piece) in order to improve one’s position on the board.
- (transitive, baseball) To advance (a runner on base) by batting the ball so it can be caught or fielded, placing the batter out, but with insufficient time to put the runner out.
- (dated, tradesmen's slang) To sell at a price less than the cost or actual value.
- To destroy; to kill.
- (Can we find and add a quotation of Johnson to this entry?)
to offer as a gift to a deity
to give away something valuable in order to gain something else of value
to sell without profit
chess: to give up a piece to improve position
baseball: to advance another player by placing oneself out
- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout#Translations.
Translations to be checked
- The offering of anything to a god; a consecratory rite.
- Great pomp, and sacrifice, and praises loud, / To Dagon.
- The destruction or surrender of anything for the sake of something else; the devotion of something desirable to something higher, or to a calling deemed more pressing.
- the sacrifice of one's spare time in order to volunteer
- Something sacrificed.
- Moloch, horrid king, besmeared with blood / Of human sacrifice.
- (baseball) A play in which the batter is intentionally out so that one or more runners can advance around the bases.
- A loss of profit.
- (slang, dated) A sale at a price less than the cost or the actual value.
something offered to a god
baseball: play in which batter is out to help runner(s) advance
sacrifice m (plural sacrifices)
- “sacrifice” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language). | <urn:uuid:ceb8a701-2372-431f-8890-51f917fc9b2e> | CC-MAIN-2018-39 | https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sacrifice | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267160568.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20180924145620-20180924170020-00491.warc.gz | en | 0.847409 | 821 | 3.296875 | 3 |
| Policy Research and Advocacy Team, Friends of the Earth (HK)
Electric cars, laptops, and smartphones—what do all three have in
common? Lithium ion (Li-ion) batteries are found in increasingly more
applications, thanks to being lightweight but energy dense and also rechargeable.
Electric cars have the added benefit of producing no toxic exhaust at the
roadside and no carbon emissions as well if powered by clean energy.
The age of electric cars is finally here. Major car manufacturers and
countries pledged last year to end of the sales of fossil fuel vehicles
globally by 2040.Even without this push, electric cars are forecasted to dominated more than
half of new passenger car sales by 2035.
Will the world face a new problem with this boom for lithium though?
The battery of an electric car is obviously much bigger than that of your typical
laptop or phone and will much more lithium. It is estimated that the electric
car industry will account for more than three-quarters of lithium demand by
As the 25th most abundant element, planet Earth luckily
has no shortage of lithium—at least more than enough for our global energy
transition. How green our lithium is however is another question.
The majority of our lithium demand is fed by Chile and Argentina,
where it is mined by pumping up groundwater brine and precipitated to extract
the metal. This process depletes local aquifers and leaving behind heavy metals
that can contaminate other water sources. While the actual amount would differ
across car models, one electric car will need anywhere from 4,000-5,000 gallons
of water to produce enough lithium for the battery.Battery-grade lithium production can be an energy-intensive process as well.
Both China and Australia for example employ roasting—a process which uses a
large amount of energy—to extract the lithium from hard rocks.
The abundance of accessible lithium unfortunately means that it is currently
cheaper to extract for new lithium than to recover lithium from batteries of
old electric cars and other electronics—only around 5% of Li-ion battery is
recycled globally today.
To make batteries greener, the EU rolled out a regulatory framework
last year, setting higher battery collection and recycling targets and
mandatory minimums for recycled metal content in new batteries.Such policies can have unintended consequences however, if they encourage
companies scrap batteries prematurely to meet stricter targets.
The typical electric car battery packs will last some 10 years,
retaining 70-80% capacity when they get retired.These old batteries can still find a second life in less-demanding applications
like stationary storage and boats. More incentives need to be in place to
compel the reuse and repurposing of batteries before they reach their end of
The transition to electric cars is a must in tackling the climate
crisis, but it cannot come at the cost of the very environment we want to | <urn:uuid:54698325-ef11-4e37-b370-446d50ad93d5> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.foe.org.hk/en/blog/Policy%20Advocacy/earth%20chat/a%20green%20dilemma%20in%20lithium-ion%20battery | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506429.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922234442-20230923024442-00129.warc.gz | en | 0.9232 | 648 | 3.5625 | 4 |
At some point of your career you will realize that writing powerful speeches is an essential skill. Before writing your speech make sure that you have chosen an interesting and catching topic. A good topic is 30% of success.
When the topic is chosen, you should be ready to outline the factors and issues of the main idea. Write the thesis statement, the main idea of your work, usually it should be written in one or two sentences. Include three basic elements of the paper: introduction where you present the theme, main part with the evidence and the summary.
Using these recommendations to write presentations or speeches, you will make things go much smoother. You should practice a lot, the more you practice the better results you will have.
Speeches Time Frame
Usually speeches should last 30 minutes. Below you will find a schedule:
- opening – 1-2 minutes
- preview – 3 minutes
- main part – 20 minutes
- review – 2-3 minutes
- summary – 3 minutes
It will be a big plus if you write something funny at the summary of your speech in order to leave your reader with a positive final word. Speak slowly, clearly, and loudly. Try to be natural and do not sound rehearsed. Avoid such words as “it’s like”, “um”, “I don’t know”.
Buy Speeches at Flexible Prices
Custom writing companies are in great demand nowadays. As the result of it, you may find a great variety of them. Your main aim is to find the reliable and trustworthy service and to place an order. Receive quality speeches at low and flexible prices, surprise your tutor and your audience with a brilliant speech on any topic. Get rid of research, books and analysis, order your work right now! | <urn:uuid:0fe42f8e-282f-497e-8533-b975fe7d8596> | CC-MAIN-2018-17 | https://writingtoserve.net/speeches.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-17/segments/1524125944982.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20180421032230-20180421052230-00593.warc.gz | en | 0.932665 | 371 | 2.65625 | 3 |
Saturday, 19 August 2023, 22:16
The continuous heatwaves in Spain this summer are causing an "unleashed" spread of the tiger mosquito, the National Association of Environmental Health Companies (Anecpla) has warned.
"When temperatures rise, not only does the biological cycle of the tiger mosquito shorten, but also the viruses it can transmit develop more quickly," the association said.
In addition to the growing increase in temperatures as a result of climate change, Anecpla also pointed out that another reason for the rapid spread of this insect is its great capacity for adaptation. The association explained that although the tiger mosquito needs humidity to reproduce it is also capable of doing so in less humid conditions. Another complicating factor in controlling the spread of this biting insect is that the female can lay her eggs in several batches in different accumulations of water.
The general director of Anecpla, Jorge Galván, said that "it is essential that society as a whole, from local administrations to the public, increase surveillance, prevention and control measures to exercise the necessary containment in the expansion of this dangerous insect", that can transmit serious diseases such as the dengue, zika, or chikungunya viral infections among others.
Galván added that "Spain plays a fundamental role, as it is located in a very important geographical axis of global transit" of this insect. Anecpla issued five recommendations to prevent the tiger mosquito from laying its eggs and stop its spread in private homes and gardens:
- Empty the water from flowerpot dishes.
- Renew the water in plastic pools and cover them when not in use.
- Keep gutters and drains clean and avoid accumulations of water.
- Refill pet watering dishes frequently.
- Cover any objects that can accumulate water.
El Norte de Castilla
Necesitas ser suscriptor para poder votar. | <urn:uuid:2b41063b-bb7f-4ccc-b5d2-94b9c4c4d805> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.surinenglish.com/spain/experts-warn-unleashed-spread-tiger-mosquitoes-spain-20230818221642-nt.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510941.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20231001205332-20231001235332-00776.warc.gz | en | 0.924705 | 416 | 2.96875 | 3 |
Porous Media Flow Simulations for the Mining Industry with AMPHOS 21
Jennifer Segui | October 17, 2013
The mining industry pre-dates sophisticated simulation software and the computers it runs on by thousands of years. As an essential modern industry, however, the technical and analytical capabilities offered by AMPHOS 21, a COMSOL Certified Consultant, are critical for both understanding and optimizing mine operations. Recently, we sponsored a webinar together with NASA Tech Briefs on “Mining and Hydrogeology: Porous Media Flow Simulations with COMSOL”, featuring environmental consultants Jorge Molinero and Elena Abarca from AMPHOS 21. Here are some of the highlights.
Porous Media Flow Example: Multiphysics Simulation of a Leach Pad
Jorge presented many interesting porous media flow examples in the webinar, one of which was a multiphysics simulation of a leach pad. Heap leaching is a metallurgical process used to extract metals and other compounds from the ore recovered from underground mines. The figure below is from the webinar and provides a brief overview of the process.
Image courtesy of AMPHOS 21.
The host or base layer consists of low permeability rock that is covered by an impermeable geomembrane to prevent ground contamination. A drainage system is built on top of the geomembrane that enables collection of the metal-enriched solution. To create this metal-enriched solution, ore is “heaped” on top of the drainage layer and an irrigation system delivers an acidic solution that can dissolve metals from the ore. After some time, additional layers of ore and irrigation are added to the heap.
While I was watching the webinar, this particular example caught my attention largely because it is an intriguing model requiring a hydro-chemical-mechanical physics coupling, as explained below.
The participating physics within the modeled system and their effects on each other. Image courtesy of AMPHOS 21.
Notably, soil mechanics affect permeability, which is a major determinant in groundwater flow. Changes in groundwater flow velocity impact reactive solute transport where the subsequent phase change can, in turn, affect the mechanical properties of the soil. The green arrows in the figure above represent further couplings between the participating physics. This includes the poroelasticity and subsequent deformation of the soil due to the groundwater flow, and the resulting chemical dissolution and precipitation brought about by changes in the pore volumes. This is all explained in more detail in the archived version of the webinar.
A COMSOL Multiphysics simulation of a leach pad for copper recovery produced an interesting model and corresponding array of results, including plots of displacement and stress, saturation and water pressure, pH evolution, copper concentration, mass of copper recovered, and porosity evolution, an example of which is below:
The contribution of chemical and mechanical effects on the porosity over time. Image courtesy of AMPHOS 21.
This plot demonstrates the impact of chemical, mechanical, and combined global effects on porosity evolution in each layer of the leach pad model for a transient analysis that spans many days. Notice the remarkable impact of chemical reactions to increase porosity relative to the mechanical effects. Mechanical effects account for the increased load where adding more layers to the heap causes further compaction and reduced porosity. Irrigation of the ore using acidic chemicals, however, has the opposite effect and dissolution of the materials increases porosity throughout the heap. Global effects take into account both the chemical and mechanical contributions to porosity evolution.
AMPHOS 21 Demonstrates Groundwater Drainage for an Underground Mine
Toward the end of the webinar, Elena showed how to set up and solve a model of groundwater drainage for an underground mine. The demonstration featured many useful tips and tricks for importing and working with complex geometries in the COMSOL environment, as shown below.
Imported surface topography from Elena’s demo in COMSOL Multiphysics. Image courtesy of AMPHOS 21.
A ground surface topography is imported, augmented with rivers and lakes, and then combined with the geometry of an underground mine. The geometry is meshed so that a specific region of interest has a very fine mesh, and then a coarser mesh is used to discretize the surrounding structures. This is a valuable technique that can reduce computational complexity and save time. After associating physics with the imported geometry for this hydrogeology simulation, both stationary and transient study types are used to evaluate groundwater drainage behavior in the model. To conclude the demonstration, Elena provided interesting results and analyses including the evaluation of flow, depth-dependent permeability, 2D cross sections, and a water-mass balance.
Watch the Archived Webinar
What I have shown you here only covers certain aspects of the full webinar. If you missed the live event, you can watch the archived version of it here. For those of you looking to learn more about what AMPHOS 21 specializes in, you should check out the AMPHOS 21 Certified Consultants page.
COMSOL Conference 2013 Boston Keynote Speaker Round-Up
- Certified Consultants 30
- Chemical 48
- COMSOL Now 136
- Conference 102
- Core Functionality 58
- Electrical 118
- Fluid 86
- Interfacing 36
- Mechanical 142
- Multipurpose 14
- Tips & Tricks 32
- Trending Topics 44
- User Perspectives 82
- Video 64 | <urn:uuid:5684cc01-6a06-4cf8-bea2-1fdf27db1110> | CC-MAIN-2014-42 | http://www.comsol.pt/blogs/porous-media-flow-simulations-mining-industry-amphos-21/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-42/segments/1413507447660.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20141017005727-00052-ip-10-16-133-185.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.899079 | 1,138 | 2.625 | 3 |
If your query is not covered by these FAQs, do please contact me directly.
Q: What is the main factor that affects the height of a tide?
A: It's the phase of the moon that has the biggest effect. High tides are highest around the dates of full moon and new moon, with full moon tides generally being rather bigger than new moon tides. The peak actually happens about 2 days after full moon or new moon. Low tides are lowest at these times too.
Q: I checked the tide time in the newspaper and it was very different to the time on this site. Why?
A: Times in the press are usually given for London Bridge, and are often in GMT, even in summer. This site shows the predicted time for each location, and uses local clock times.
Q: Why is the tide height in my newspaper (or another website) different to the one on this site?
A: There are two possible reasons. There are at least three organisations which publish tide height predictions, the Port of London Authority (whose figures I use), the UK Hydrographic Office (part of the Admiralty), and the Proudman Laboratory. Predicting tides is not an exact science, and there are minor differences in predicted heights (and also times) in the tables from these three sources. If the height shown elsewhere is a lot lower than mine, it could be that they are using a local chart datum such as Kew Bridge instead of that for London Bridge.
Q: I thought we had the Thames Barrier to protect us. Why do we still get flooded roads?
A: The Thames Barrier does indeed protect us, and is closed whenever there is a risk of the river getting higher than the flood defences. In most areas, the flood defence is the river wall or bank. But in some places, building a flood defence wall would alter the historic character of the riverside scene, so the flood defence is set back from the river.
Q: I know that 7.3 metres is a very high tide, but how can I tell if it will flood my road?
A: Good question! The tide heights on this site are the heights relative to the chart datum at London Bridge. They are roughly the depth of the water at London Bridge above the lowest possible river level there. Matching those heights to actual situations on the ground further upstream is tricky.
As a rule of thumb, the Embankment road at Putney is liable to flood on a tide of 7 metres or more at London Bridge. Similarly, I reckon that the level of the pavement by Fuller's brewery at the corner of Chiswick Mall and Chiswick Lane South is just covered by a 6.9 metre tide at London Bridge. But the further upstream you go, the effect of the fluvial flow (fresh water from the upper Thames) increases, so these rules of thumb are only a guide. Remember that the weather will also have an effect. Actual tide heights in real time relative to the London Bridge chart datum are available on the PLA site (look at the Tower Pier gauge).
I would like to be able to show the tide height as an altitude above sea level, which can then be compared with known land heights. But that needs more research, so don't hold your breath!
Q: How can I find out if the Thames Barrier has been closed?
A: Just click on Actual River Status on the left-hand menu! (new feature, March 2014) Although the Environment Agency don't give this information in real time, it's possible to detect a closure from the tide heights at Charlton and Silvertown, respectively upstream and downstream of the barrier. | <urn:uuid:0c894c46-5b99-49ca-bff0-4d5bd9f01c0a> | CC-MAIN-2014-49 | http://thamestides.org.uk/Tides-FAQ.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-49/segments/1416931011060.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20141125155651-00058-ip-10-235-23-156.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.950354 | 756 | 2.65625 | 3 |
About David Thompson
David Thompson (April 30, 1770 – February 10, 1857) was a British-Canadian fur trader, surveyor, and map-maker, known to some native peoples as "Koo-Koo-Sint" or "the Stargazer". Over his career he mapped over 3.9 million square kilometers of North America and for this has been described as the "greatest land geographer who ever lived."
Thompson was born in Westminster to recent Welsh migrants, David and Ann Thompson. When Thompson was two, his father died and the financial hardship of this occurrence resulted in his and his brother's placement in the Grey Coat Hospital, a school for the disadvantaged of Westminster. He eventually graduated to the Grey Coat mathematical school and was introduced to basic navigation skills which would form the basis of his future career. In 1784, at the age of 14, he entered a seven-year apprenticeship with the Hudson's Bay Company. He set sail on May 28 of that year, and left England forever.
The Hudson's Bay Company (HBC)
He arrived in Churchill (now in Manitoba) and was put to work copying the personal papers of the governor of Fort Churchill, Samuel Hearne. The next year he was transferred to nearby York Factory, and over the next few years spent time as a clerk at Cumberland House and South Branch House before arriving at Manchester House in 1787. On December 23, 1788, Thompson seriously fractured his leg, forcing him to spend the next two winters at Cumberland House convalescing. It was during this time he greatly refined and expanded his mathematical, astronomical and surveying skills under the tutelage of Hudson's Bay Company surveyor Philip Turnor. It was also during this time that he lost sight in his right eye.
In 1790 with his apprenticeship nearing its end, Thompson made the unusual request of a set of surveying tools in place of the typical parting gift of fine clothes offered by the company to those completing their indenture. He received both. He then entered the employ of the Hudson's Bay Company as a fur trader and in 1792 completed his first significant survey, mapping a route to Lake Athabasca (presently straddling the Alberta/Saskatchewan border). In recognition of his map-making skills, the company promoted him to surveyor in 1794. Thompson continued working for the Hudson's Bay Company until May 23, 1797 when, frustrated with the Hudson's Bay Company's policies, he left and walked 80 miles in the snow to enter the employ of the competition, the North West Company where he continued to work as a fur trader and surveyor.
North West Company
Thompson's decision to defect to the North West Company in 1797 without providing the customary one-year notice was not well received by his former employers. However, joining the North West Company allowed Thompson to pursue his interest in surveying and work on mapping the interior of what was to become Canada. In 1797, Thompson was sent south by his employers to survey part of Canada-U.S. boundary along the water routes from Lake Superior to Lake of the Woods to satisfy unresolved questions of territory arising from the Jay Treaty between Great Britain and the United States. By 1798 Thompson had completed a survey of 6,750 km (4,190 mi) from Grand Portage, through Lake Winnipeg, to the headwaters of the Assiniboine and Mississippi Rivers, as well as two sides of Lake Superior. In 1798, the company sent him to Red Deer Lake (in present-day Alberta) to establish a trading post. Thompson spent the next few seasons trading based in Fort George (now in Alberta), and during this time led several expeditions into the Rocky Mountains.
In 1804, at the annual meeting of the North West Company in Kaministiquia, Thompson was made a full partner of the company and spent the next few seasons based there managing the fur trading operations but still finding time to expand his surveys of the waterways around Lake Superior. However, a decision was made at the 1806 company meeting to send Thompson back out into the interior. Concern over the American-backed expedition of Lewis and Clark prompted the North West Company to charge Thompson with the task of finding a route to the Pacific in order to open up the lucrative trading territories of the Pacific Northwest.
After the general meeting in 1806, Thompson traveled to Rocky Mountain House and prepared for an expedition to follow the Columbia River to the Pacific. In June 1807 Thompson crossed the Rocky Mountains and spent the summer surveying the Columbia basin and continuing to survey the area over the next few seasons. Thompson mapped and established trading posts in Northwestern Montana, Idaho, Washington, and Western Canada. Trading posts he founded included Kootenae House, Kullyspell House and Saleesh House; the latter two of which were the first trading posts west of the Rockies in Idaho and Montana, respectively. These posts established by Thompson extended North West Company fur trading territory into the Columbia Basin drainage area. The maps he made of the Columbia River basin east of the Cascade Mountains were of such high quality and detail that they continued to be regarded as authoritative well into the mid-20th century.
In early 1810, Thompson was returning eastward towards Montreal but while on route at Rainy Lake, received orders to return to the Rocky Mountains and establish a route to the mouth of the Columbia. This was a response by the North West Company to the plans of John Jacob Astor to send a ship around the Americas to establish a fur trading post. During his return, Thompson was delayed by an angry group of Peigan natives which ultimately forced him to seek a new route across the Rocky Mountains through the Athabasca Pass.
David Thompson was the first European to navigate the full length of the Columbia River. During Thompson's 1811 voyage down the Columbia River he camped at the junction with the Snake River on July 9, 1811, and erected a pole and a notice claiming the country for Great Britain and stating the intention of the North West Company to build a trading post at the site. This notice was found later that year by Astorians looking to establish an inland fur post, contributing to their selection of a more northerly site at Fort Okanogan. The North West Company's Fort Nez Percés was established near the Snake River junction several years later. Continuing down the Columbia, Thompson passed the barrier of The Dalles with much less difficulty than experienced by Lewis and Clark, as high water obscured Celilo Falls and many of the rapids. On July 14, 1811, Thompson reached the partially constructed Fort Astoria at the mouth of the Columbia, arriving two months after the Pacific Fur Company's ship, the Tonquin.
Before returning upriver and across the mountains, Thompson hired Naukane, a Native Hawaiian laborer brought to Fort Astoria by the Pacific Fur Company's ship Tonquin. Naukane, known as Coxe to Thompson, accompanied Thompson across the continent to Lake Superior before journeying on to England.
Thompson wintered at Saleesh House before beginning his final journey back to Montreal in 1812.
In his published journals, Thompson recorded seeing large footprints near what is now Jasper, Alberta, in 1811. It has been suggested that these prints were similar to what has since been called the sasquatch. However, Thompson noted that these tracks showed "a small Nail at the end of each [toe]", and stated that these tracks "very much resembles a large Bear's Track".
Appearance and Personality
In 1820, the English geologist, John Jeremiah Bigsby, attended a dinner party given by The Hon. William McGillivray at his home, Chateau St. Antoine, one of the early estates in Montreal's Golden Square Mile. He describes the party and some of the guests in his entertaining book The Shoe and Canoe, giving an excellent description of David Thompson:
I was well placed at table between one of the Miss McGillivray's and a singular-looking person of about fifty. He was plainly dressed, quiet, and observant. His figure was short and compact, and his black hair was worn long all round, and cut square, as if by one stroke of the shears, just above the eyebrows. His complexion was of the gardener's ruddy brown, while the expression of his deeply-furrowed features was friendly and intelligent, but his cut-short nose gave him an odd look. His speech betrayed the Welshman, although he left his native hills when very young. I might have been spared this description of Mr David Thompson by saying he greatly resembled Curran the Irish Orator...
I afterwards travelled much with him, and have now only to speak of him with great respect, or, I ought to say, with admiration... No living person possesses a tithe of his information respecting the Hudson's Bay countries... Never mind his Bunyan-like face and cropped hair; he has a very powerful mind, and a singular faculty of picture-making. He can create a wilderness and people it with warring savages, or climb the Rocky Mountains with you in a snow-storm, so clearly and palpably, that only shut your eyes and you hear the crack of the rifle, or feel the snow-flakes melt on your cheeks as he talks.
Marriage and children
He married Charlotte Small on June 10, 1799 at Île-à-la-Crosse, a mixed-blood child of a Scottish fur trader Patrick Small and a Cree mother. Their marriage was formalized at the Scotch Presbyterian Church in Montreal on October 30, 1812. He and Charlotte had 13 children together; five of them were born before he left the fur trade. The family did not adjust easily to life in Eastern Canada and two of the children, John (aged 5) and Emma (aged 7) died of round worms, a common parasite. Their marriage lasted 58 years, the longest Canadian pre-Confederation marriage known.
Upon his arrival back in Montreal, Thompson retired with a generous pension from the North West Company. He settled in nearby Terrebonne and worked on completing his great map, a summary of his lifetime of exploring and surveying the interior of North America. The map covered the wide area stretching from Lake Superior to the Pacific, and was given by Thompson to the North West Company. Thompson's 1814 map, his greatest achievement, was so accurate that 100 years later it was still the basis for many of the maps issued by the Canadian government. It now resides in the Archives of Ontario.
In 1815, Thompson moved his family to Williamstown, Upper Canada and a few years later was employed to survey the newly established borders with the United States from Lake of the Woods to the Eastern Townships of Quebec, established by Treaty of Ghent after the War of 1812. In 1843 Thompson completed his atlas of the region from Hudson Bay to the Pacific Ocean.
Afterwards, Thompson returned to a life as a land owner, but soon financial misfortune would ruin him. By 1831 he was so deeply in debt he was forced to take up a position as a surveyor for the British American Land Company to provide for his family. His luck continued to worsen and he was forced to move in with his daughter and son-in-law in 1845. He began work on a manuscript chronicling his life exploring the continent, but this project was left unfinished when his sight failed him completely in 1851.
Death and afterward
The land mass mapped by Thompson amounted to 3.9 million square kilometres of wilderness (one-fifth of the continent). His contemporary, the great explorer Alexander Mackenzie, remarked that Thompson did more in ten months than he would have thought possible in two years.
Despite these significant achievements, Thompson died in Montreal in near obscurity on February 10, 1857, his accomplishments almost unrecognized. He never finished the book of his 28 years in the fur trade, based on his 77 field notebooks, before he died. In the 1890s geologist J.B. Tyrrell resurrected Thompson's notes and in 1916 published them as David Thompson's Narrative.
Thompson's body was interred in Montreal's Mount Royal Cemetery in an unmarked grave. It was not until 1926 that efforts by J.B. Tyrell and the Canadian Historical Society resulted in the placing of a tombstone to mark his grave.
In 1957, one hundred years after his death, the Canadian government honoured him with his image on a Canadian postage stamp. The David Thompson Highway in Alberta was named in his honour, along with David Thompson High School situated on the side of the highway near Leslieville, Alberta. His prowess as a geographer is now well-recognized. He has been called "the greatest land geographer who ever lived."
There is a monument dedicated to David Thompson (maintained by the state of North Dakota) near the former town site of the ghost town, Verendrye, North Dakota, located approximately two miles north and one mile west of Karlsruhe, North Dakota. Thompson Falls, Montana and British Columbia's Thompson River are also named after the explorer.
The year 2007 marked the 150th year of Thompson's death and the 200th anniversary of his first crossing of the Rocky Mountains. Commemorative events and exhibits were planned across Canada and the United States from 2007 to 2011 as a celebration of his accomplishments.
Thompson was the subject of a 1964 National Film Board of Canada short film David Thompson: The Great Mapmaker, as well as the BBC2 programme Ray Mears' Northern Wilderness (Episode 5), broadcast in November 2009.
- Fanny born 10 June 1801 (Rocky Mountain House [Alberta]), died 17 May 1884
- Samuel born 5 March 1804 (Peace River [Northern Sunrise Co, Alberta]), died ?
- Emma born 5 March 1806 (Reed Lake House), died 22 February 1814 (Terrebonne)
- John born 25 August 1808 (Boggy Hall [Saskatchewan]), died 11 January 1814
- Joshua born 28 March 1811 (Fort Augustus [Edmonton, Alberta]), died ?
- Henry, born 30 July 1813 (Terrebonne [Quebec]), died 23 October 1855
- Charlotte, born 7 July 1815 (Terrebonne), died ?
- Elizabeth (Ellen?), born 25 April 1817 (Williamstown [Glengarry Co, Ontario]), died ?
- William (John) born 9 November 1819 (Williamstown), died ?
- Thomas born 10 July 1822 (Williamstown), died ?
- George born 13 July 1824 (Williamstown), died 27 August 1824
- Mary born 2 April 1827 (Williamstown), died 1906
- Eliza (Barbara) born 4 March 1829 (Williamstown), died ?"
David Thompson (Explorer)'s Timeline
April 30, 1770
Westminister, London, England
June 10, 1799
February 10, 1857
Longueuil, Canada East
Mount Royal Cemetery, Montreal, Quebec, Canada | <urn:uuid:6e1521d1-5688-41b7-b036-18246635fb91> | CC-MAIN-2014-52 | http://www.geni.com/people/David-Thompson-Explorer/6000000020252709403 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-52/segments/1418802769419.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20141217075249-00089-ip-10-231-17-201.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.98171 | 3,111 | 3.171875 | 3 |
Chromatography of lipids using a glass column filled with a suitable material is a common and useful method for fractionation of lipid classes either on an analytical or a semi-preparative scale. While this methodology leads to fractions which need to be later quantified, HPLC allows to separate and quantify lipid compounds in a single process if a convenient detector is present.
Two types of column (or liquid) chromatography are generally used:
procedure which separates lipid mixtures mainly according to their relative polarities
procedure which is based on the importance of ionic groups present in some lipid molecules | <urn:uuid:28f0e819-dee8-4816-8fa2-ada5ebfe3939> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | http://cyberlipid.gerli.com/techniques-of-analysis/fractionation-complex-extracts/column-chromatography-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100057.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20231129073519-20231129103519-00117.warc.gz | en | 0.911872 | 124 | 2.671875 | 3 |
''Dawn of Happiness''
Sukhothai, meaning the ''Dawn of Happiness'' was the first free Thai city founded in 1238, by two Thai
chieftains, Khun Bang Klang Tao and Khun Pa Muang , this ending Khmer rule from Angkor Wat. In the
early 1300s, Sukhothai enjoyed suzeranity over the Chao Phya River basin, westward to the bay of Bengal
and the entire Peninsula.
The state that is still regarded by Thai historical tradition as the " first Thai Kingdom " was Sukhothai, There
were, in fact, contemporaneous Thai states such as Lanna and Phayao, both in present-day northern Thailand,
but the Thai historical imagination has been most stirred by Sukhothai. Even today, the evocative ruins of
Sukhothai and its twin city Si Satchanalai conjure up images of material prosperity, artistic greatness, and
serene Buddhist piety. Indeed, Sukhothai is remembered as
much for its art and architecture as for its
Sukhothai began life as a chiefdom under the sway of the Khmer empire: the oldest monuments in the city
were built in the Khmer style or else show clear Khmer influence. During the first half of the 13th century the
Thai rulers of Sukhothai threw off the Khmer yoke and set up an independent Thai kingdom. One of the
victorious Thai chieftains became the first king of Sukhothai, with the name of Si Inthrathit [Sri Indraditya].
Sukhothai's power and influence expanded in all directions by conquest [the Khmer were driven southwards],
by a farsighted network of marriage alliances with the ruling families of other Thai states, and by the use of
a common religion, Theravada Buddhism, to cement relations with other states.
Si Inthrathit's son and successor was King Ramkhamhaeng, undoubtedly the most famous and dynamic
monarch ever to rule the Sukhothai kingdom. Much of what we know about Sukhothai in the 13th century
derives from King Ramkhamhaeng's stone inscription of 1292. The inscription is problematic, but it is considered to be a seminal
source of Sukhothai history as well as a masterpiece of Thai literature. It eloquently extols the benevolence
of King Ramkhamhaeng's rule, the power and prosperity of Sukhothai. The king was accessible to his
people. For example, he had a bell hung in front of a palace gate so that any subject with a grievance could
ring it and ask for justice:
" King Ramkhamhaeng, the ruler of the kingdom, hears the call; he goes and questions the man, examines the
case, and decides it justly for him. So the people of.....Sukhothai praise him. "
According to the inscription, the king did not levy road tolls or taxes on merchandise. His liberality was such
that he did not tax his subjects' inheritance at all. Such a paternalistic and benevolent style of kingship has
caused posterity to regard the Sukhothai kingdom's heyday as a " golden age " in Thai history.
Even allowing for some hyperbole in King Ramkhamhaeng's inscription, it is probably true that Sukhothai
was prosperous and well-governed. Its economy was self-sufficient, small-scale, and agricultural. The Thai
people's basic diet was the same as that of many other people in Southeast Asia, consisting of rice and fish
as staple foods. Both, according to King Ramkhamhaeng's inscription were plentiful;
"In the time of King Ramkhamhaeng this land of Sukhothai is thriving. There are fish in the
water and rice in the fields."
Sukhothai may have been self-sufficient as far as food was concerned, but its prosperity also
depended on commerce. During the Sukhothai period glazed ceramic wares known as "sangkhalok"
were produced in great quantities at the kilns of Sukhothai and Si Satchanalai and exported regularly to other
countries in the South China Sea area, specimens having been found in Indonesia and the Philippines.
Sukhothai also traded with China through the traditional Chinese tributary system: the Thai king was content
to send tribute to the Chinese emperor and be classified as a vassal, in return for permission to sell Thai
goods and buy Chinese products.
Although animistic beliefs remained potent in Sukhothai, King Ramkhamhaeng and his successors
were all devout Buddhist rulers who made merit on a large scale. The major cities of the Sukhothai kingdom
were therefore full of monasteries, many of which were splendid examples of Thai Buddhist architecture.
Sukhothai adopted the Ceylonese school of Theravada Buddhism, beginning with King Ramkhamhaeng's
invitation to Ceylonese monks to come over and purify Buddhism in his kingdom. This Ceylonese influence
manifested itself not only in matters of doctrine but also in religious architecture. The bell-shaped stupa, so
familiar in Thai religious architecture, was derived from Ceylonese models. Sukhothai style Buddha images
are distinctive for their elegance and stylized beauty, and Sukhothai's artists introduced the graceful form
of the "walking Buddha" into Buddhist sculpture.
Sukhothai's cultural importance in Thai history also derives from the fact that the Thai script evolved
into a definite form during King Ramkhamhaeng's time, taking as its models the ancient Mon and Khmer scripts.
Indeed, this remarkable king is credited with having invented the Thai script.
King Si Inthrathit and King Ramkhamhaeng were both warrior kings and extended their territories
far and wide. Their successors, however, could not maintain such a far-flung empire. Some of these later
kings were more remarkable for their religious piety and extensive building activities than for their warlike
exploits. An example of this type of Buddhist ruler was King Mahathammaracha Lithai, believed to have been the
compiler of the Tribhumikatha, an early Thai book on the Buddhist universe or cosmos. The political decline
of Sukhothai was, however, not wholly owing to deficiencies in leadership. Rather it resulted from the emergence
of strong Thai states further south, whose political and economic power began to challenge Sukhothai
during the latter half of the 14th century. These southern states, especially Ayutthaya, were able to deny
Sukhothai access to the area.
The Sukhothai kingdom did not die a quick death. Its decline lasted from the mid-14th until the 15th
century. In 1378, the Ayutthaya King Borommaracha I subdued Sukhothai's frontier city of Chakangrao
[Kamphaengphet], and henceforth Sukhothai became a tributary state of Ayutthaya. Sukhothai later attempted
to break loose from Ayutthaya but with no real success, until in the 15th century it was incorporated into the
Ayutthaya kingdom as a province. The focus of Thai history and politics now moved to the central plains
of present-day Thailand, where Ayutthaya was establishing itself as a centralized state, its power outstripping
not only Sukhothai but also other neighbouring states such as Suphannaphum and Lawo [Lopburi] | <urn:uuid:360c1d48-855b-4e7f-92d4-ae4b27e2eb3a> | CC-MAIN-2019-13 | http://tudtu.tripod.com/skpic.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-13/segments/1552912202572.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20190321193403-20190321215403-00430.warc.gz | en | 0.95759 | 1,648 | 2.921875 | 3 |
Chokusai - 5681
This netsuke, in ivory enriched by a dense texture of ink (sumi, 墨) to outline the details, depicts a monkey (saru, 猿) dressed in a sleeveless jacket: the two hind legs are raised to cover the ear lobes, the right front one is positioned over his right eye, while the left one closes the mouth. On the back there are three similar motifs depicting some stylized corollas joined together. The two holes of the himotoshi are located on the belly of the animal. The signature Chokusai (直 齋), placed in a oval cartouche is engraved on the left hind leg.
The subject of this netsuke is a variation on the traditional theme of "Three Monkeys," still today a popular motif in Japan, especially in rural areas. In the most common iconography, there are three monkeys, one of which covers its eyes with his hands, the other its mouth and third its ears. Not seeing, speaking and hearing symbolize that no kind of evil enters the human body through the orifices exposed. The piece also stands out because one of the two eyes remain open, ironically peeking at the observer.
The author of this netsuke is Chokusai, born in Ōsaka in 1877. Skilled in working both wood and ivory, he is distinguished primarily by its ability to freely interpret traditional subjects, producing both okimono and netsuke. | <urn:uuid:0112eaf0-c4e6-4495-8369-a7539d0f1877> | CC-MAIN-2015-35 | http://www.museopoldipezzoli.it/en/node/2262 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-35/segments/1440644064869.18/warc/CC-MAIN-20150827025424-00192-ip-10-171-96-226.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.962927 | 312 | 2.84375 | 3 |
Liver cancer (LCa) is the fifth and eighth leading cause of cancer death for men and women, respectively. However, despite improvements in treatment strategies and options, it has limited therapeutic options. Worldwide, the prevalence of LCa varies widely. Various factors are associated with the development of LCa, and its incidence, morbidity, and mortality rates differ due to disparities that are multifactorial and complex, including genetic and geographic factors. The frequency of LCa varies by race/ethnicity, age and sex and relates to viral infections, lifestyle, nutrition, obesity, and health. In addition, various molecular factors, including cytokines, hormones, apoptosis, and mutations, are involved in disparities in the progression and mortality of LCa. Here, we provide an overall perspective on LCa by presenting available information on these associated factors and discussing their importance in its disproportionate incidences and clinical outcomes. | <urn:uuid:8d9ff10a-a577-4976-a415-c2a1feb2ceba> | CC-MAIN-2020-29 | http://www.companyofscientists.com/index.php/chd/article/view/148 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593655887360.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20200705121829-20200705151829-00340.warc.gz | en | 0.940785 | 182 | 2.71875 | 3 |
Here's the latest article from the Astronomy site at BellaOnline.com.
Voyager 2 - The Grand Tour
Most of our knowledge of Neptune and Uranus is based on Voyager 2's visits. Its grand tour of the four giant planets used a rare alignment of the planets that let the gravity of each one boost the spacecraft to the next one. No other probe has been to either of the ice giants.
Please visit astronomy.bellaonline.com for even more great content about Astronomy.
To participate in free, fun online discussions, this site has a community forum all about Astronomy located here -
I hope to hear from you sometime soon, either in the forum or in response to this email message. I thrive on your feedback!
Have fun passing this message along to family and friends, because we all love free knowledge!
Mona Evans, Astronomy Editor
One of hundreds of sites at BellaOnline.com | <urn:uuid:80713355-a996-4cd9-91a9-285df110822c> | CC-MAIN-2017-17 | http://www.bellaonline.com/newsdtl.asp?name=astronomy&date=3/1/2014%203:16:26%20AM | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917121267.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031201-00534-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.867495 | 193 | 2.515625 | 3 |
How did the early settlers do it? With a finite supply of rations, tools and able hands to help, they ventured where few had gone before. Enduring seemingly endless strings of obstacles and setbacks, many, nevertheless, survived. How did they react when the mule came up lame, their child fell ill, or yet another handle broke out of the felling axe or grubbing hoe?
With no villages to offer sanctuary and without public-funded safety nets to drop into, they learned in a jiffy to be more creative with the resources that Providence had left to their careful management. It was through the much-practiced habit of reaching down to tug at their own proverbial bootstraps that the hardy-in-spirit stepped over or around the stumbling blocks of each new day.
The pioneer struggled to raise his simple shelter in the forest, and prayed that furrows scratched into the new land would yield much-needed foods. Likewise, those who first envisioned a village where only rural farmland existed, were faced with a plethora of decisions that required wisdom and resources.
By the early decades of the 19th century, the rural land of Albemarle County west of the seat of government in Charlottesville had been under cultivation for nearly a century. Travel followed routes very similar to today’s byways, over road surfaces that were totally at the mercy of the day’s weather. Stagecoach routes stuck to main highway arteries like the old Three-Notch’d Road, where post houses or taverns offered various services. Trips across the Blue Ridge Mountains took many days at some expense and risk.
With the building of the Virginia Central and the Blue Ridge Railroad in western Albemarle County c.1850–1858, many saw opportunities at the stations established by the railway planners. Woodville (Ivy Depot), Mechum’s River, Greenwood and Afton, where the locomotives stopped to take on water and fuel, prospered and grew. Water tanks and freight platforms at these locations were soon augmented with passenger shelters and weather-proof depots with wired communication systems.
In 1869 former Batesville native Samuel Miller’s will provided the financial means to establish a boarding facility, Miller Manual Labor School, where the county’s orphans could learn the skills necessary to provide for themselves in an increasingly industrialized society. Design work on this gigantic project was begun in 1874. To facilitate the movement of construction materials and personnel to the remote worksite, school officials, in 1876, requested that the Chesapeake & Ohio Railway Company establish a rail stop at a point three miles west of Mechum’s River Depot.
That same year, hearing the unmistakable sound of opportunity rattling at their farm gates, a petition was signed by landowners in the immediate region requesting that a depot also be established at this place. At a meeting with these petitioners, C&O Vice-President Williams C. Wickham agreed, decreeing the name of the new stop to be “Crozet,” memorializing the Frenchman who had engineered the railroad through the Blue Ridge Mountains during the 1850s.
The new hamlet of Crozet began its life surrounded by farmers who were familiar with one another and accustomed to lending a willing and able hand whenever needed. They were soon joined by entrepreneurs attracted to the traffic being generated by the great project at Miller School.
Immediately, a livery stable and blacksmith were needed. Arriving rail passengers could rent a horse, with or without a buggy or wagon. Others leaving on the train for a day trip or overnight excursion could secure board for their steeds at the livery. The smith on hand could perform repair work on all sorts of equipment.
The locals took in boarders, providing, for a fee, lodging, meals, baths and laundry services. The host’s workload often necessitated the hiring of additional domestic help.
A growing demand for commercial and residential space encouraged the adjoining farms belonging to the Wayland, Ballard and White families to sell off lots from the corners of their properties near the depot.
In the mid-1880’s hoteliers and merchants such as James M. Ellison, who relocated from Augusta County, provided rooms for the business traveler as well as for the growing tourist trade. Ellison’s enterprises dominated the area of town that became known as The Square.
Churches soon located in town. The earliest, Crozet Methodist, received funds from individuals, businesses and the Miller School, and, in 1889, erected their new sanctuary along Main Street, which was known at that time as Miller School Avenue and is now called Crozet Avenue.
Tradesmen of every ilk soon found their place in the progressive town, leaving little to be required from outside the village that could not be brought in easily by rail.
The new opportunity to ship by rail encouraged farmers in the region to follow the lead of the prosperous orchardists in the Covesville area and to develop new orchards of apples and peaches, especially the highly profitable Albemarle Pippin. As these fruit trees matured, Crozet came into its own as a state leader in fruit production.
The Crozet Board of Trade was formed in the first decade of the 20th century. Comprised of local businessmen with a financial interest in fruit production, they marketed the Crozet area far and wide, including hosting orchard owners for seminars and exhibitions.
Civic and fraternal organizations established followings within the village. Volunteers established and manned a free lending library in 1907. The Crozet Volunteer Fire Department was formed in 1910. In addition to protecting the village’s inhabitants from fire catastrophes, it organized an annual community parade and carnival. The Modern Woodmen fraternal band presented outdoor concerts. Dr. E. D. Davis established a hospital downtown next to his office and pharmacy. The all-volunteer Western Albemarle Rescue Squad, located in the fire department’s former squad house, has served the region around the clock since 1978.
By the 1930s, hotels, restaurants, car dealerships, a movie theater, and retail establishments provided services that one would expect to find in much larger cities.
Several decades later, a new generation of business leaders enticed thousands of industrial jobs to Crozet, supplanting the dwindling agricultural jobs and refueling the area’s growth for another solid half-century.
As with any vital, successful community, the appeal of Crozet is determined by the collective assets of its individual citizens: always ready to meet a challenge by digging a little bit deeper, and, whenever necessary, reaching down in the manner of their forebears and pulling themselves upward and onward through their faith and the strength of their character. | <urn:uuid:347f67be-eb42-4b8b-8799-e8f639f62c54> | CC-MAIN-2014-42 | http://www.crozetgazette.com/2012/03/crozets-bootstraps/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-42/segments/1413507442288.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20141017005722-00010-ip-10-16-133-185.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.973985 | 1,410 | 3.609375 | 4 |
What is it used for?
- Acne vulgaris
- Chronic bronchitis
- Chronic inflammatory disorder of the facial skin (acne rosacea)
- Dental infections
- Disease caused by infection with Leptospira bacteria (Weil's Disease/leptospirosis)
- Infection caused by Brucella bacteria (brucellosis)
- Infections caused by Rickettsiae micro-organisms transmitted by lice, fleas, ticks and mites
- Infections of the sex organs and organs associated with urination (genito-urinary infections)
- Lyme disease
How does it work?
This antibiotic contains three ingredients which belong to a group of antibiotics called tetracyclines. They have the ability to inhibit the growth of a wide variety of bacteria. They interfere with the production of proteins that the bacteria need to multiply and divide. This inhibits the ability of the bacteria to grow (bacteriostatic) and therefore stops the spread of the infection.
Use with caution in
- Kidney disease
- Liver disease
Not to be used in
- Children under 12 years of age
- Long-term inflammation of skin and some internal organs (systemic lupus erythematosus)
- Severe kidney disease
This medicine should not be used if you are allergic to one or any of its ingredients. Please inform your doctor or pharmacist if you have previously experienced such an allergy.
If you feel you have experienced an allergic reaction, stop using this medicine and inform your doctor or pharmacist immediately.
Pregnancy and Breastfeeding
Certain medicines should not be used during pregnancy or breastfeeding. However, other medicines may be safely used in pregnancy or breastfeeding providing the benefits to the mother outweigh the risks to the unborn baby. Always inform your doctor if you are pregnant or planning a pregnancy, before using any medicine.
- This medicine should not be used in pregnancy. Seek medical advice from your doctor.
- Significant amounts of this medicine may pass into breast milk. It should not be used by breastfeeding mothers. Discuss this with your doctor.
- Avoid exposure of skin to direct sunlight or sun lamps.
- Do not take iron preparations, milk or indigestion remedies at the same time of day as this medication.
- Take at regular intervals. Complete the prescribed course unless otherwise directed.
- Take this medication an hour before food or on an empty stomach.
Medicines and their possible side effects can affect individual people in different ways. The following are some of the side effects that are known to be associated with this medicine. Because a side effect is stated here, it does not mean that all people using this medicine will experience that or any side effect.
- Visual disturbances
- Inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis)
- Abnormal reaction of the skin to light, usually a rash (photosensitivity)
- Inflammation of the large intestine (colitis)
- Damage to the liver
- Nausea and vomiting
The side effects listed above may not include all of the side effects reported by the drug's manufacturer.
For more information about any other possible risks associated with this medicine, please read the information provided with the medicine or consult your doctor or pharmacist.
How can this medicine affect other medicines?
The absorption of tetracycline is reduced by:
Quinapril (ACE inhibitor)
Calcium salts and dairy products
Tripotassium dicitrato-bismuthate and sucralfate (ulcer-healing drugs)
Tetracycline also reduces the absorption of iron and zinc salts.
Tetracycline may reduce the effectiveness of the combined oral contraceptive pill.
Tetracyclines may increase the blood thinning effects of anticoagulants such as warfarin.
Tetracycline reduces the levels of atovaquone (lipid lowering drug) in the blood.
If tetracyclines are taken with acitretin, isotretinoin or tretinoin there may be an increased risk of developing raised pressure within the skull (benign intracranial hypertension).
Tetracyclines should be avoided in patients on diuretics as it can cause a rise in blood urea nitrogen levels.
Tetracyclines may decrease the effectiveness of penicillins. | <urn:uuid:17d75f36-0142-4443-aae9-82a0eff90ee7> | CC-MAIN-2021-25 | https://www.netdoctor.co.uk/medicines/infection/a6544/deteclo-tablets-discontinued-in-the-uk-october-2007/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-25/segments/1623488512243.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20210622063335-20210622093335-00406.warc.gz | en | 0.87484 | 917 | 2.6875 | 3 |
5 Written questions
5 Matching questions
- Low Tides
- a Low water position corresponding to a tidal trough
- b Eddies do not tend to form in these boundary currents.
- c Waves with ___________ wavelengths move the fastest.
- d These waves move through water shallower than 1/20 their wavelength
- e Which direction do gyres flow in the Southern hemisphere?
5 Multiple choice questions
- Waves transmit _______________.
- Maximum ratio of wave height to wavelength seen in the open ocean. Also known as wave steepness.
- The slowest moving waves.
- The West Wind Drift is an example of this type of boundary current.
- lowest part of a progressive trough
5 True/False questions
Poles → Circular flow pattern of water caused by deflection of water by continents and the ocean basin.
Surf beat → Nearly friction free transfer of energy from molecule to molecule in a circular path.
Ebb Current → water rushing into an enclosed area because of the rise in sea level as a tide crest approaches
Break → These tides occur when the earth, moon and sun are at right angles.
Wind Strength → Horizontal distance between two consecutive wave crests or wave troughs | <urn:uuid:8cfb6c34-3ff7-41f2-80ab-24571eaa18e5> | CC-MAIN-2015-27 | https://quizlet.com/2169212/test | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-27/segments/1435375094501.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20150627031814-00010-ip-10-179-60-89.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.855845 | 256 | 4.0625 | 4 |
By William M. Welch, USA TODAY
Wild horses have been living in the West for centuries, but their ever-growing numbers have led to many being fenced in. A recent government review of the cost of corralling them now has their admirers frantic that a slaughter is imminent.
The U.S. Bureau of Land Management (BLM) says slaughter remains a possibility for some of the more than 30,000 wild horses and burros being cared for in government-run pens.
A Government Accountability Office report issued last week lent support to the agency's assertion in June that the costs of caring for the animals have skyrocketed. The GAO said the agency should consider euthanizing some horses or selling them, likely to a slaughterhouse, as an alternative to keeping them in long-term holding pens for their entire lives.
"We don't want to do euthanasia … but we are up against the wall on our budget," says BLM spokesman Tom Gorey in Washington.
Gorey says the BLM needs no further authority from Congress to take the steps but has made no final decision. On Monday, agency Deputy Director Henri Bisson said the agency would make no decision this year.
Symbol of the Old West
Advocates for animals say a slaughter is unnecessary and an ignominious end for thousands of descendants of animals that arrived with Spanish conquistadors in the 16th century and who are living symbols of the nation's once-wild Western frontier.
"The GAO report has provided adequate cover for the BLM to begin euthanizing horses," says Jerry Reynoldson, head of Wild Horses 4 Ever.
Chris Heyde, deputy director and lobbyist for the Animal Welfare Institute, says his group hopes opposition to slaughter in Congress and a sympathetic Obama administration will cause the BLM to drop euthanasia and slaughter sales.
As a senator, Barack Obama co-sponsored legislation to protect wild horses, Heyde says.
A 1971 law gives the BLM the authority to euthanize animals to manage herds in designated areas. The agency calculates that land set aside for the animals across the West can support 27,500 horses, with more than 16,000 of them in Nevada. There are 33,100 wild horses and burros in 199 herds across 10 Western states, the GAO report said.
To keep the horses from starving to death or from crowding out other species, the BLM uses low-flying helicopters each year to corral enough horses to keep the herds at target populations.
Those horses basically live out their lives in large pens, some for 20 years or more. Today 33,088 horses are being fed and maintained by taxpayers, just as many as roam in the wild.
The GAO report said that rising costs of feed and transportation, combined with lower interest in adopting the wild horses by the public, are pressuring the program.
The BLM offers the horses for $125 to people with the means to care for them, but the number of adoptions has been falling. Last year, 4,772 wild horses were adopted, half the number in 1995, and the number was far outpaced by the 7,726 horses removed from the range in fiscal 2007.
Since 2001, more than 74,000 animals have been removed from the range, and 46,400 of them have been adopted or sold, the report said.
Takes a lot of hay to manage herds
Meanwhile, the cost to care for the animals for life rose from $7 million in 2000 to $21 million in 2007.
Critics accuse the agency of mismanaging the horse program and say the roundup is only made necessary because the BLM favors cattle ranching over wild animals in the competition for water and graze land.
"This isn't the way to do things," says Dawn Lappin, a leader of Wild Horse Organized Assistance, a Nevada group that aids horses.
The critics demand the BLM do more to have horses adopted; the agency says that is not realistic.
After being passed up for adoption three times, horses are sent to long-term holding pens where they may live to as old as 25, far longer than they would in the wild, BLM spokeswoman Celia Boddington says.
"As horses get older, they are extremely challenging if not impossible to gentle," she says.
In the wild, the horses reproduce at a rate high enough to double the herd in four or five years, the BLM says. With drought conditions in parts of the West, the agency says it cannot allow the herds to grow unchecked.
"That would be an environmental disaster," Boddington says.
Turf wars with cattle, mankind
Advocates say that if horses were allowed access to more land and water, more of them could survive.
Deanne Stillman, author of the recently published book Mustang: The Saga of the Wild Horse in the American West, says there are 3 million to 4 million cattle on Western public lands.
"It seems peculiar that our public lands can support that many cattle, but there's a problem with 20-some thousand wild horses," she says.
Boddington says the BLM must consider the entire nation in managing the land of the public. "Conservation, mining, oil and gas, grazing, forestry, recreation — it's very difficult to balance all those interests," she says.
Guidelines: You share in the USA TODAY community, so please keep your comments smart and civil. Don't attack other readers personally, and keep your language decent. Use the "Report Abuse" button to make a difference. Read more. | <urn:uuid:4000576b-e6aa-411c-9bdb-675a8a5d0a8a> | CC-MAIN-2016-07 | http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/nation/2008-11-17-wildhorses_N.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-07/segments/1454701158130.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20160205193918-00009-ip-10-236-182-209.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.962007 | 1,144 | 2.53125 | 3 |
This change happens even though the genetic mutations responsible for malignancy remain, setting up a nature-versus-nurture battle in determining a cell's fate.
According to researchers from the University of California at Berkeley and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, placing mechanical force on malignant mammary cells can actually reverse their irregular growth process and put them back on track for a normal growth pattern.
"We are showing that tissue organization is sensitive to mechanical inputs from the environment at the beginning stages of growth and development," said principal investigator Daniel Fletcher, professor of bioengineering at UC Berkeley and faculty scientist at the Berkeley Lab.
"An early signal, in the form of compression, appears to get these malignant cells back on the right track," he stated.
Throughout a woman''s life, breast tissue grows, shrinks and shifts in a highly organized way in response to changes in her reproductive cycle. For instance, when forming acini, the berry-shaped structures that secrete milk during lactation, healthy breast cells will rotate as they form an organized structure. And, importantly, the cells stop growing when they are supposed to.
One of the early hallmarks of breast cancer is the breakdown of this normal growth pattern. Not only do cancer cells continue to grow irregularly when they shouldn''t, recent studies have shown that they do not rotate coherently when forming acini.
Through a previous experiment at the Berkeley Lab, researchers showed it was possible to prevent these malignant cells from transforming into a tumor by manipulating the cells’ surrounding environment through the use of biochemical inhibitors. Ultimately the surrounding healthy cells could persuade the cancerous cells to grow normally again.
The most recent work from the Berkeley Lab utilizes the same concept, but introduces mechanical inhibitors rather than chemical inhibitors. The researchers grew malignant breast epithelial cells in a gelatin-like substance, which was injected into flexible silicon chambers. They then applied force to the silicon over time, and ultimately witnessed the malignant cells grow into more healthy-looking cells. Time-lapse microscopy showed the change in the compressed breast cells over time.
While the traditional view of cancer development focuses on the genetic mutations within the cell, Mina Bissell, Distinguished Scientist at the Berkeley Lab, conducted pioneering experiments that showed that a malignant cell is not doomed to become a tumor, but that its fate is dependent on its interaction with the surrounding microenvironment.
Her experiments showed that manipulation of this environment, through the introduction of biochemical inhibitors, could tame mutated mammary cells into behaving normally.
The latest work from Fletcher''s lab, in collaboration with Bissell''s lab, takes a major step forward by introducing the concept of mechanical rather than chemical influences on cancer cell growth.
Gautham Venugopalan, a member of Fletcher''s lab, conducted the new experiments as part of his recently completed Ph.D. dissertation at UC Berkeley.
Venugopalan and collaborators grew malignant breast epithelial cells in a gelatin-like substance that had been injected into flexible silicone chambers. The flexible chambers allowed the researchers to apply a compressive force in the first stages of cell development.
Over time, the compressed malignant cells grew into more organized, healthy-looking acini that resembled normal structures, compared with malignant cells that were not compressed. The researchers used time-lapse microscopy over several days to show that early compression also induced coherent rotation in the malignant cells, a characteristic feature of normal development.
Notably, those cells stopped growing once the breast tissue structure was formed, even though the compressive force had been removed.
Researchers further added a drug that blocked E-cadherin, a protein that helps cells adhere to their neighbors. When they did this, the malignant cells returned to their disorganized, cancerous appearance, negating the effects of compression and demonstrating the importance of cell-to-cell communication in organized structure formation.
The findings were to be presented at the annual meeting of the American Society for Cell Biology in San Francisco.
Karen Foster is a holistic nutritionist, avid blogger, with five kids and an active lifestyle that keeps her in pursuit of the healthiest path towards a life of balance. | <urn:uuid:a5263629-b3bd-4075-ad27-bf00ba7de372> | CC-MAIN-2015-18 | http://preventdisease.com/news/12/121912_Stopping-Cancer-Cell-Growth-May-Be-As-Simple-As-Squeezing-Breasts.shtml | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-18/segments/1429246637979.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20150417045717-00033-ip-10-235-10-82.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.946922 | 861 | 3.546875 | 4 |
The Sooty Thrush is a bird similar to the Clay-colored Thrush, the national bird of Costa Rica, but with black plumage. The bill and feet are a striking bright orange, with a light blue iris featuring an orange eye ring. It can be found in the highest mountains in Costa Rica, either flying between trees, or hopping in the ground in typical thrush fashion. Its song is delivered in intervals and has a metallic, harsh quality. In Colombia, there are two species very similar to the Sooty Thrush, one called the Great Thrush and another one called the Glossy-black Thrush, however both have dark irises and yellow eye rings, and look plumpier than the Sooty. | <urn:uuid:a110700c-5f14-4c9c-8d6e-8a48cbf68629> | CC-MAIN-2021-17 | https://thenatureadmirer.com/2017/04/11/sooty-thrush-turdus-nigrescens/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-17/segments/1618039491784.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20210420214346-20210421004346-00281.warc.gz | en | 0.961116 | 152 | 2.734375 | 3 |
Olneya tesota is a perennial flowering tree of the family Fabaceae, legumes (peas, beans, etc.), which is commonly known as ironwood, desert ironwood, or palo fierro in Spanish. It is the only species in the monotypic genus Olneya. This tree is part of the western Sonoran Desert complex in the Southwestern United States, which includes flora such as palo verde, saguaro, ocotillo, brittlebush, creosote bush, and mesquite.
The desert ironwood grows as a bush or tree and reaches heights of about 10 metres (33 ft), and average trunk diameters of about 60 cm (24 in); in exceptional sites in larger protected washes it can reach greater height and a more massive trunk.
In younger trees, the bark is gray, shiny, and smooth; in older trees the bark is broken open. The tree is an evergreen plant, but can lose its leaves if temperatures fall below 2 °C (36 °F). In continual drought conditions leaves will be lost.
Leaves are bluish-green and pinnately compound. Leaves are arranged on a petiole, 6 in (15 cm) long, with 6-9 leaflets-(or variously up to 15, 7, 7-opposite, and one terminal), each being 0.7 to 2.5 cm (0.28 to 0.98 in). At the base of each pinnate leaf petiole grow two thorns, about 1 cm (0.39 in) long.
Bloom time occurs in late April/May to June. Flowers are of 5 unequal petals, in colors of medium purple, magenta-red, or also white to pale pink. Seedpods are 5–8 cm (2–4 in) long, and light reddish brown when seedpods are ripened. Two other species Parkinsonia florida-(Blue Palo Verde), and Acacia constricta-(Catclaw Acacia) have similar light red brownish seedpods. Catclaw acacia's seedpods are noticeably J-shaped and of shorter length.
Range and location
The desert ironwood, Olneya, is native to the southwestern United States and extreme northwestern Mexico in the Baja California Peninsula and the Sonoran Desert, and is partially an indicator species of that desert. Within Mexico its range includes the states of Baja California Sur and Baja California, on the Gulf of California side east of the cordillera ranges, and Sonora state west of the Sierra Madre Occidental cordillera, in the south approaching the northern border of northern Sinaloa state. In the southwestern US its range includes the Colorado Desert of southeast Southern California, a part of the Sonoran Desert, and western and southern Arizona. Olneya does not range into the higher-elevation, colder, southeast of Arizona's Sonoran Desert region, nor into the sky islands of the Madrean Sky Islands region.
Ironwood Forest National Monument in south-central Arizona is named for Olneya tesota.
An indicator species
Olneya tesota is an indicator species of the Sonoran Desert region. The Sonoran Desert has one other species with the identical north-south, and east-west range. The seasonally migrating lesser long-nosed bat follows the bloom season of various species from south to north and extends into the same regions of the Sonoran Desert as Olneya. The bat ranges from southern Baja California del Sur and north into the southwestern United States.
In the north, both species define the Colorado Desert subregion of the Sonoran Desert surrounding the northern end of the Gulf of California; further south in the Baja Peninsula the sub-division is defined as the Vizcaino Desert.
The winter and permanent range of the bat extend into the northern countries of Central America.
The pleasant-tasting sap is consumed by bees and hummingbirds. The silky-flycatcher or phainopepla pose a problem, for when they consume mistletoe berries and excrete them in the cracks of Olneya tesota, the mistletoe will parasitize its host.
Use and workability
The seeds can be eaten by first being roasted.
Olneya ironwood is very hard and heavy. Its density is greater than water and thus sinks; it does not float downstream in washes, and must be moved by current motion.
Due to its considerable hardness, processing desert ironwood is difficult. Final treatment of the wood with solutions can also be difficult because of its high density. As a result, mass processing of this wood is difficult, and most of its commercial usages are artisanal, such as durable wooden sculptures as well as knife handles.
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Olneya tesota.|
- "Olneya tesota". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 2009-10-13.
- Little Jr., Elbert L. (1976). "Map 103, Olneya tesota". Atlas of United States Trees. 3 (Minor Western Hardwoods). US Government Printing Office. LCCN 79-653298. OCLC 4053799.
- Bat range, and article
- Peattie, Donald Culross (1953). A Natural History of Western Trees. New York: Bonanza Books. p. 587.
- Little, Elbert L. (1994) . The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees: Western Region (Chanticleer Press ed.). Knopf. p. 498. ISBN 0394507614.
- Calflora Database: Olneya tesota (desert ironwood, ironwood)
- Jepson Manual eFlora (TJM2) treatment for Olneya tesota[permanent dead link]
- USDA Plants Profile of Olneya tesota (desert ironwood)
- UC Photos gallery – Olneya tesota
- Lesser Long-nosed Bat Ranges – equal to Olneya tesota: | <urn:uuid:bbf10c2c-ddfd-4995-b8a3-c8b0de6cba8c> | CC-MAIN-2021-17 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olneya_tesota | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-17/segments/1618038064520.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20210411144457-20210411174457-00181.warc.gz | en | 0.875079 | 1,301 | 2.859375 | 3 |
The data spiral
Google Earth was great for seeing your house from space. We all had a lot of fun with that. It also turns out to be one of the most important things Google ever did and set them on a path to greatness.
Why mention Google Earth, a 15 year-old technology, in a blog about the future? Because it's a terrific starting point to illustrate the concept of the data spiral. The data spiral is the modern equivalent of Moore's Law, and everyone in business needs to understand it. Because whoever has the data, wins.
Google originally purchased the technology that became Google Earth from a small company called Keyhole Inc. Similarly, Google Maps came from the purchase of a company called Where 2. Boy oh boy, did Google get a bargain. Let me explain.
THE NEW MOORE'S LAW IS THE DATA SPIRAL
The data spiral is a lot like the Moore's Law of old. Engineers have kept Moore's Law going for over half a century by using the chips of the day to power computers that helped them design the chips of tomorrow. These new, faster, cheaper chips were then used to create the next generation after that.
This self-sustaining loop of increasing computing performance benefited us all. New fast chips let us all run ever more complex and demanding software. And that new software then created a vibrant market for faster and faster hardware. And so the world turned.
A new equivalent to Moore's Law has recently emerged. This time it's all about data.
Here's how it works: A software product is created as a way to provide some kind of service, but also to collect and store a new data set. This data set is then used to deliver a new product or service, one that may not have been possible before. This new service in turn gathers an entirely new data set that wasn't possible to gather before. And so on and so on.
GOOGLE AND THE DATA SPIRAL
Google does this all the time. Services like Google Maps and Google Earth rely on a detailed data set of global geography and feature maps. Google uses these data sets to deliver services that let them gather data about you. It then uses that data to make money and develop even better new services. For example, Google logs all the searches you do on Google Maps, tracks your location, and knows your speed of movement. By studying where you are most evenings Google figures out where you live. Similarly it has a pretty good idea where you work. It even knows where you buy your groceries and where your kids go to school. It builds a detailed picture of you as a consumer (which is another juicy data set) that it can then sell to advertisers in the form of advertising services. Google aggregates all that location and speed data to build a traffic data set, which is how navigation services like Google's Waze work. Google wouldn't be able to do any of this without the underlying data set of maps. Google knows that if they invest in creating the right data sets (for example, consider all the effort they put into building images for Google Streetmaps) they will be able to use it to gather even more valuable data sets in the future.
UPS and Fedex optimize their delivery driving routes (saving time and fuel) using data from navigation services. UPS estimate their new ORION routing system will save them 10 million gallons of gas and reduce the distance their drivers travel by 100 million miles annually by the end of the year.
Uber and Lyft rely on navigation and Google traffic services to create their value (and gather passenger data). Google's self-driving test cars use existing navigation data to drive around and gather even more detailed data of streets and environments. Tesla's cars, bristling with modern sensors, are building highly detailed maps of the road network as their drivers zoom around the streets in them. All that data is used as an input to improve its own autonomous driving systems.
DATA MAKES MORE DATA
Google's Google Now personal assistant service builds on Google's understanding of your habits to anticipate what you will do next. That allows them to make smart recommendations and target you with offers in the moment. And as your comfort grows with Google Now and you see how valuable it can be to you, you are increasingly more likely to offer up even more personal information and give Google Now access to your travel plans, your email inbox, and more. The data spiral accelerates and even more data is gathered, processed and stored.
YouTube is another huge source of valuable data for Google. Teaching a computer to "see" is vital to the future of robotics and autonomous machines. By creating a service that enables hundreds of millions of people to share billions of hours of video, Google has built up a gigantic video data set. This treasure trove of videos enables them to build visual recognition algorithms that do an excellent job of understanding scenes, objects, and context. The video data is used as a training set for a new class of deep neural networks able to not just understand what's in a scene, but assess it on aesthetic grounds. Google research has described how they use deep learning techniques to find optimal thumbnails in YouTube videos.
Understanding visual, audio, and other sensory input is a key capability for the future of computers. Expect that even more impressive services (that will of course gather even more data) will be built on top of this ever-improving recognition capability.
THE DATA SPIRAL FUELS ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE BREAKTHROUGHS
Visual recognition is just one component of the research going on in the field of artificial intelligence. The data spiral is vital to the development of these new artificial intelligence platforms. More data sets lead to more insights, and more data.
The new Moore's Law is the data spiral. The companies that embrace the data spiral in the coming decades will do just as well as those that rode Moore's Law through the 80s, 90s and 2000s. Invest and plan accordingly.
Whoever has the data, wins. | <urn:uuid:488715cc-e5f7-4dc1-aa29-7058ef2dd6c9> | CC-MAIN-2018-47 | http://www.baldfuturist.com/blog/2016/8/1/the-data-spiral | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-47/segments/1542039742685.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20181115120507-20181115142507-00191.warc.gz | en | 0.94525 | 1,232 | 2.953125 | 3 |
The History of Joshua R. Giddings Elementary School
Joshua R. Giddings Elementary School /Sports and Health Gym (Former Results Gym)
Originally built in 1887, the J.R. Giddings School is considered a historically significant building due to its role as the first all-black public school in D.C.
The Joshua R. Giddings School was named in honor of Congressman Joshua R. Giddings (1795-1864) of Ohio. Giddings was active in the Underground Railroad and a prominent abolitionist. Recognizing that slavery was a state institution, with which the Federal government had no authority to interfere, he contended that slavery could only exist by a specific state enactment, that therefore slavery in the District of Columbia and in the Territories was unlawful and should be abolished, that the coastwise slave-trade in vessels flying the national flag, like the international slave-trade, should be rigidly suppressed, and that Congress had no power to pass any act which in any way could be construed as a recognition of slavery as a national institution. Initially the school was only eight rooms, but in 1938 an addition including twelve classrooms and an auditorium was built in the Colonial Revival style. | <urn:uuid:0c421b41-0745-4c1e-9462-403214cc9c57> | CC-MAIN-2021-25 | https://www.nmhousedetectives.com/single-post/2017/10/12/The-History-of-Joshua-R-Giddings-Elementary-School | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-25/segments/1623487636559.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20210618104405-20210618134405-00407.warc.gz | en | 0.975904 | 249 | 3.21875 | 3 |
Editor’s note: This is an edited excerpt from Buddhist scholar Sylvia Bay’s Chapter on Morality. Beyond the familiar 5 precepts (training guides for laypeople), she explores deeper into the principles behind them. Principles help colour in the grey areas we sometimes see in ‘rules’. TLDR & Wise Steps have been added by the HOL Team
TLDR: Right or wrong. Can or cannot. Some Buddhists are sticky on rules, some are not. Sylvia Bay shares on taking a step back and understanding the Buddha’s principles towards morality.
For the thinking Buddhist, it is not enough to know what is good or bad, right or wrong and should this or should that not be done.
It is just as important to understand why the moral code is so. By understanding the basis for sīla (morality), we will know what is right and should be done under any circumstances without having to fret about the correct interpretation of precepts or to consult another.
Two key principles need to be highlighted as they underpin Buddha’s teaching on sīla: empathy and spiritual utilitarianism.
1. Principle of Empathy
Buddha had taught that when considering whether an action is right or wrong, we should see things from the recipient’s perspective. What we do not like, it is fair to assume that others would not either.
What we like, they probably would as well. Therefore the point is to treat another, the way you would want to be treated.
The empathy principle underpins four of the five layman moral precepts, the ten unwholesome actions and several of the wholesome qualities mentioned earlier. For instance, on killing, Buddha had said that everyone wished to live and not die and everyone was “fond of pleasure and averse to pain”.
If we dread pain and value our life, then we should not inflict pain on another and intentionally deprive him of his life. Likewise, just as you value your possessions and would experience pain or loss if you were to lose them, then you should not take another’s belongings. You do not like being lied to, then do not lie to another. You do not like to be the object of gossip, slander, angry words and so on, then avoid subjecting others to the same.
Be kind and considerate, show respect, be reasonable and gentle, and so on.
If we go by this empathy principle, we can probably resolve most moral dilemmas ourselves without having to consult another.
For instance, let’s examine some commonly asked ‘controversial’ questions. Should we tell someone who is dying the truth of his prognosis? Is a white lie acceptable? Should homosexuality be condemned?
To answer these questions, simply pose them to yourself with the same questions: if you were dying, would you want to be told the truth? Would you accept being told a white lie? Would you want to be condemned for your sexual preferences? You know your answers.
If you do not extend the same courtesy to others, then you are exercising double standards, aren’t you? How can that be sīla?
2. Spiritual Utilitarianism
By spiritual utilitarianism, it means that an action is skilful, good and should be performed if it increases the well-being and happiness of you and others, and takes you closer to Nibbāna.
Conversely, an action that brings pain and suffering to all and that takes you further away from Nibbāna is unskilful, bad and should be avoided.
Buddha had advised his disciples to reflect as follows before undertaking any action: it should be avoided if it “leads to my own affliction, to other’s affliction, and to the affliction of both; it obstructs wisdom, causes difficulties, and leads away from Nibbāna.”
In a similar vein and a touch of more detail, Buddha instructed his son, Rāhula, to reflect on his actions “like a mirror”, i.e., objectively, and to avoid any “unwholesome bodily action” that leads to “my own affliction or to the affliction of others”, and that comes “with painful consequences, with painful results”.
One may protest and say if one is clueless about Nibbāna, how does one tell if an action will take one closer to or farther away from it?
That is a valid point.
Therefore, for one new to the Dhamma or still struggling with understanding it, Buddha offered another perspective. He said we would know for ourselves when we are feeling calm or agitated, happy or sad, content or troubled and so on.
Intuitively we know that a peaceful state of mind is beneficial and pleasing while a shaky, restless and agitated one is painful and probably harmful. Therefore, undertake actions that lead to a calm and peaceful mind and avoid those that increase yearning, anger, restlessness and worry.
This principle of spiritual utilitarianism underpins the fifth (Precept of Avoiding Intoxicants Which Cause Heedlessness) of the five layman precepts, and the practitioner component of the eight and ten precepts as well as some of the meritorious actions mentioned above.
Develop empathy towards others by reflecting on how we wish to be treated. Rather than sticking to just following the ‘rules’, we also need space to empathise with others
Conduct yourself in a way that increases the overall well-being of oneself and others. Every intentional action we take, mental or physical, either brings us closer to the path of peace or away from it.
Well, if you’re listening to this podcast, I’m pretty sure you ask yourself this question sometimes, because you’re constantly trying to find ways to develop yourself to become a better person. And doing good for others and yourself is such a big part of this self improvement journey, however, is doing good, always good.
Who exactly defines what is good or what’s bad? What is right or what is wrong?
So we have the king of fried rice to king of fruits, the king of the jungle. What about the king of goodness?
Hi, my name is Kai Xin. I’m your host for this episode. And you’re listening to the Handful of Leaves podcasts, where we bring you practical Buddhist wisdom for a happier life.
You know, the path to happiness isn’t a smooth one. We will definitely meet with setbacks and challenges around work, relationships, mental well being and so much more. In this podcast, we discuss these realities of life and explore how we can bring the Dharma closer to home so that we can navigate the complexities of life just a little better.
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In this very episode, we have a chat with Sister Sylvia Bay. She graduated with a BA Honours first class in Buddhist studies from the Buddhist and Pali University of Sri Lanka in 2000. Sister Sylvia isn’t just academically smart. Since 1992. She has been dedicating her life to the practice and serving the community, she has been doing so by dedicating time outside of work to give Dhamma talks and lectures, and practical application of the Dharma is always heavily emphasised in all her sharings.
Today, she’ll be opening our minds on a topic of what it means to be good. And the tipping point when doing good, turns bad. Trust me, it’s filled with so much insights. I personally had a lot of ‘aha’ moments. And I encourage you to take a notepad and start taking down some notes. Now let’s begin.
Kai Xin 02:22
Hi, Sister Sylvia, good to have you here.
Nice to see you too.
Kai Xin 02:27
Yes, it’s really good to have you because today we are exploring something that it’s quiet, I would say, mind-boggling because you know, in Buddhism, we talk about doing good, avoiding evil, and purifying the mind. What I think is mind-boggling is the definition of good. Because you know, people sometimes will justify their actions to say, Oh, I do this because, but it’s a little grey as well. There are a lot of questions that I have for you to kind of explore that grey area. Perhaps we can start off with, what is your definition of good.
This thing about good? People kind of know, right? I mean, we all have all of us, any of us, even the little ones will have some sense of what’s good and bad. And typically, if you ask people, why is this good? Or why is this bad? It will boil it down to a few things. One, it has to do with feelings. Meaning, if you feel really unpleasant, and because it’s so unpleasant, your instinct is to react to that in a way that will cause pain or more problems for yourself or for others. And because you do that, it will create pain, or, or suffering for yourself or others. Generally, it’s like that.
If you think about it, let’s say I get angry. Anger is an unpleasant sensation. When one feels anger, one will say something or do something that allows one to express that anger. And in saying or in doing, the odds are, it hurts someone, whether it’s yourself or another. And when you step back, you who were angry, when you look at the episode, there will arise a sense of maybe conscience, maybe a bit of shame, a sense that maybe I shouldn’t have done that. There’s regret, and there is remorse. Anybody in a similar situation is likely to say that’s bad. That’s not good.
Conversely, suppose let’s say, you were very kind, you saw people hurting, you came forward, you help. And then you turn away and say, ‘That’s a very nice feeling. I really feel happy I feel light there’s pleasant sensation.’
And then others observing that act, and will also say, ‘Oh, that’s a very good act’.’ Because they also feel pleasure, they feel the pleasant sensation. One thing about what’s good or bad has to do with feeling. Which is why for many people, there is generally some common instinctive appreciation of the act as good or bad. We understand the feeling involved in that. But it’s not all about feelings. We know that. For instance, sometimes you feel unpleasant. Like righteousness, right? Someone gets bullied. And then you look at it, and you go, it’s not nice. The sense that this is wrong, there is unpleasant, but you know, when you feel sorry for someone that’s considered good. But the feeling is not good.
Kai Xin 06:26
I hear a couple of things. So one is you yourself must feel pleasant.
Or it has to stem from wanting to do good, then there must be some form of feedback as well. Right? So other people are approving of your act.
However, I’m just thinking of a very grey situation where maybe somebody is bullied. And I feel righteous that this person mustn’t do this. Then, I act on my feelings, and it might either be scolding that person or maybe I might retaliate, and people around me might say, ‘Wow, you’re so brave to do that.’. Then is it still good?
Now we go back and we unpack this one. Okay. Let’s unpack this, when you feel sorry for the victim, at that point, what arises is empathy. Empathy is the condition that allows you to continue doing something good for another. Empathy is a good thing. But because our feelings and actions proliferate fast, they react fast, and they proliferate fast. The result is anger will come up, you basically put it righteousness. Righteousness is anger, a sense of justice, which is anger, okay? When that comes up, what is good is now being stained. What would have been good, has now become somewhat stained by our sense of righteous anger. And that’s why there is also that sensation of unpleasantness that because it’s unpleasant, you want to react, whether to score or to stand up for somebody you want to react, and the words that come out is intended to hurt, to beat the other bully. So all this is downstream.
Now, what was initially would have been a good reaction has now become not good. Because now we are experiencing a lot of wanting a lot, which will create more pain for yourself and for others. If you ask me, what would I consider good, is a speech or an act that will lead to benefits and happiness for yourself and for others. It’s always for Buddhism, it’s always for yourself, and for others, it’s not a zero-sum game. It has to be when there is the raising of common interest, benefit, happiness, welfare. In my mind, that’s what I would consider is good and correct. Anything that leads to pain suffering, it will cause hurt for people. It would diminish interest, welfare, happiness, those are considered bad. No good. It’s actually not difficult. It’s pretty straightforward.
How do you know what is good or not, you will experience it through the feelings, for sure you will have the sensation. I’ll give you an example. Suppose let’s say you lost somebody, someone very close to you. And there is a part in you that griefs. No one would say that’s bad per se because it doesn’t hurt another person. But it’s pain, right? You lost somebody, you miss the person, you experience pain. The fact that you experienced pain means there is attachment. There is longing, attachment, longing, it’s always a condition, for problems now and in the future. And in that sense, any form of craving, or wanting or longing, any form of it is not good, unskilful (Akusala). Any form of it.
Kai Xin 11:08
Let’s go back to what you said about any speech or action should be for the welfare and benefit of others and yourself. How do you measure that benefit? Because I’ll give you an example. I think in today’s day and age, there are a lot of activists, you know, small groups wanting to fight for social justice, or environmentalism. And it’s always, there are two sides to a coin, right, somebody feels that it’s valuable to be a vegetarian. And some people feel like no, it’s not really to my advantage and my welfare, and it’s such an inconvenient thing. And I don’t feel happy about it as well. So then it becomes like a dichotomy, or in the process of wanting to do good, perhaps somebody else’s happiness is being compromised?.
Isn’t it vary based on what an individual would value? Then is that something which everyone would agree upon? Who defines the benefit, and who defines what’s good? Isn’t it very subjective?
Then, of course, there’s some degree of subjectivity. That is true, in fact, in how each person view the world, it’s subjective, in anything that you undertake. If someone perceives that his interest is infringed on that his happiness is compromised, he will perceive you as not nice to him not doing good by him. That is true. There are many causes that people get themselves into that they get very righteous, they are very active and very enthusiastic. But you think a bit harder, it’s questionable about the end results of the causes. That is true, I acknowledged and agreed to that.
Let’s think back about what makes it right and what makes it wrong. The Buddha talked about intention, and how it’s done, and then the results. There are three parts to it.
If your intention was wholesome (Kusala), and you really wish for a common good and everyone can benefit from it. If that’s your intention, then you will experience that it is pleasant. If your intention is pure, your experience will be pleasant. If you say the cause is pure, like protecting life, it is pure, but the way you’re expressing your feeling about it is unpleasant or painful, Then at that point, whatever you say, your motivation is still unwholesome.
I’ll give you an example, let’s say pro-life, people who fight for pro-life and then some of them get so angry, right? That you respect life is pure. But because you’re angry with others who don’t share your views, and therefore, at the point when you feel pain, that motivation has already turned into unwholesome. You just didn’t realise it.
Do you understand? It’s the same thing when you campaign for the weather and climate. You’re doing that because you understand the science that men are paying for the sins of the past. That now you’re angry that there’s a bunch of people who are irresponsible and unreasonable ,and they really don’t care. There is anger. Your cause is maybe good. But because your mind is now narrowly focused on the selfishness of others. The cause is still wholesome, but your motivations are no longer wholesome.
Kai Xin 18:24
Yeah, that’s such a good point. Because I also personally would notice, perhaps there’s some form of attachment, wanting other people to kind of fit my own ideals. And there’s a lot of judging in the process as well. And it’s a valuable point that you pointed out that it doesn’t matter how people judge you because, in my mind, it’s very difficult to please everybody, right, my intention might be pure. And I might go through the motion and execute my pure intention in a skilful way. But if the other person is going to be angry about it, then do I have to feel the need and the sense to fit that person’s ideal, then it will just be a very stressful life to me.
Then you’re in the world, really. It’s in action reaction.
You know, in some countries, in some regional countries really good. They you see pots and pots of water that they left the leaf outside their house for travellers to be able to drink. It’s very pure. It’s like, I want to be timing and take a drink if you need one. And that’s correct or not. You put the you put the item on the table, and you walk away without because then you’re saying I’m not invested in the outcome. I’m only invested in the purity of the act, but the outcome of it, I’ve walked away from it. I don’t want to hang around and be really caught up in why is it not working.
Kai Xin 19:58
Speaking of that, when you talk about not being invested in the outcome?
Personally, I think it’s very difficult because the outcome is the most tangible. People can’t read minds. And you know, when we talk about being good, we have certain guidelines to follow, don’t lie, don’t kill. And that is the experience also in the process, like, oh, perhaps I have accidentally told a white lie, or I’ve like intentionally out of habit. And then I go into this self guilt kind of mode. How do you reconcile because the outcome is bad, right? I’m not supposed to lie. But then I’m judging my intention.
How does one not be invested in the outcome?
You know, we’re talking about campaigning for the climate. And that’s a cause, a social cause, a social set of conditions that you’re trying to create what you were referring to separately, it’s about precepts, not telling lies and not killing, not stealing, meaning, the choices you make at a very narrow tactical level.
The other one is you’re talking about a goal. In its most strategic things, it’s like, how do I live my life? How do I raise children, that’s a goal. In that goal, there are many steps and many acts. Many things that you do those minute ones is a separate thing.
Can we take them separately?
Specifically on this issue about precepts, keeping to precepts, that you’re feeling bad because you didn’t do it right. I believe if you understand why the rules are crafted like this, meaning what is the larger objective, then you know how to calibrate your life, calibrate the choices, and you don’t feel bad when you are calibrating. I’ll give you an example. Let’s take lying. The reason is that the consequences on our mind if you generate shades to explain reality, and your shades do not directly correlate with reality, you’re shading the truth, right? When you do that, your mind starts to store your version. In the process of all these narratives being stored in all the different shades, not absolute truth, you’re murky with the truth.The point will come when the mind can’t quite tell, accurately, what is the fact and what is not? The perception of reality of fuzziness, becomes very fuzzy, at some point becomes your reality.
For anyone who’s practising seeing reality as is, this condition of the mind really will be a huge obstacle to practice – to realising the true nature of the mind and be able to kind of shrug away the negative instincts and become a good, wholesome, wise, clear person. Your effort to become all these is going to be seriously undermined by fuzziness. That’s one part of it.
The second part of it is regarding your reputation in society. This is the part that not many people talk about because they don’t realise they may or may not realise that this is an important point, which is something that Buddha had talked about, when someone does not tell absolute truth. It will hit his credibility, social standing, his credibility, his words will not be taken seriously. In assembly, this is how it was set in the Sutta. You think about it, you shade truths, people find out about your shading because truth has a certain way of kind of emerging, right? Then at some point, you have a reputation, she’s very loose with truths. Now you have a problem. You have a credibility problem.
For yourself internally, you can’t quite tell what’s real. For the world, externally. Your words are questionable. If people say, is this a lie? If you’re asking me that, the odds are, you know, you’re being loose with the fact, then you decide do you want to proceed with the elusiveness knowing that at some point, it may cost you your ability to see things clearly. And why do you want to do that?
We uphold these precepts, whether it’s about the truth, whether it’s about not being greedy, and taking things not given to you, whether it’s about honesty in relationship, etc. It really is because all these choices, leaves serious imprint on the mind, it can change your character, it can affect your relationship with people, it can cost you what I call it, social costs, your standing in society, and so on. Those are the practical ones.
Now comes the bigger issue, the most strategic one — the goal, the end goal, the big cause. How can one not be invested in the outcome. If you’re invested with any outcome, there is in you, a clinging, a craving, a desire. It’s not right or wrong, you must know that the more invested you are, the more stress you will feel, the more pain you will experience, the more disappointment is likely to come your way. The more intense your attachment, the more you must be prepared to accept disappointment. That’s the cost.
Kai Xin 26:42
I’m hearing a lot of common thread in your points that the attachment to the desire, having anger, these are considered unwholesome. But does that mean that we shouldn’t have desire at all? How about the desire to be good? At what point would we know that the desire for good will actually turn sour and become bad?
Desire for good is good only because it leads to good.
Desiring to be good means it’s the start point of downstream choices that will lead to an outcome where you experienced peace, calm, contentment, the cessation of angst, that’s why the desire for good is good. Any other forms of desire that leads to an increase in agitation, increase in pain and suffering, then those desires are unconducive for your welfare too for some it sounds “Oh this is so tall order” for some people. You just have to bring it down to your personal level, bring it home to your daily experience practice. If you say I wish to be a good person, I want to learn to be a good person.
What does it mean downstream? I will read up on what makes a good person, I listen to talks, I watch shows and I try and model behaviour to learn from others. And if you’re very serious about wanting to be a good, person, you will build upon your sense of guilt when you are not good, you feel shame when someone tells you “This is not nice” you feel shame. You’re basically quietly gently generating the conditions that will keep you on track to be a good person who causes nobodies harm and create pain for others, when people in your space they enjoy being with you, okay?
Now let’s take it differently. Let’s say I now desire to push for vaccination for everybody. Can you see the difference? You get agitated. You go ahead. Send out paper flyers, go and hound somebody. What is wrong with you? Why are you not vaccinated? Let me explain to you. As you talk you get more agitated, the fellow listeners get more agitated, the whole world around you get more agitated.
Kai Xin 29:34
What I’m hearing is that there are many causes. They really are a means to an end. Like I want to keep my precepts, or I want people to take the vaccine at the end of the day. It’s really about the welfare, the harmony or feeling peace. I will use my mental state as a yardstick. But you also mentioned shame and guilt. In the Buddhist space, we talk about Hiri Ottapa, this sense of moral shame. And then I’m also thinking on behalf of the listener and the viewers, isn’t shame and guilt an unpleasant feeling?
Some people might think, ‘I don’t think I am moral enough ,or I’m good enough to even be on the path.’ Or I cannot, you know, it’s too hard. I cannot meditate because I’m always not very peaceful. I feel like shame, it is very unpleasant. Is shame and guilt or unpleasant feeling part of the process, we have to be patient with it and see the peace, and again how do we tell it’s so such a fine balance?
Okay, Hiri Ottapa, Hiri is moral conscience, this is internal, you like it or not it’s there it’s built into all humans the condition, and we know that it’s built in because studies have shown that psychopaths don’t have, that it cannot be turned on that part of the brain doesn’t light up. It actually lights up, okay? And what the Buddha has taught is use this natural state to protect yourself in your practice, it’s considered a good thing because it’s what will keep you from undertaking actions that will cause you problems in your cultivation exercise. For instance, you know these precepts, don’t lie, don’t take what’s not given. If you have conscience, you don’t need this precept to tell you that you cannot do that, you cannot kill. You just don’t want to do it because you know when you do it you feel bad. Then on days when you’re very angry, very, very angry. You want to smack someone. But that part of you that holds you back is this conscience it is very strong, you are reminded that there is a cost to undertaking an action that costs another pain, you will be reminded so that you are taught never to do it. Not that you will never do it. But if you’re constantly reminded, don’t do it because you cannot sleep at night. Then when you’re confronted that situation a new situation, but it’s similar you will not do it because you remember, it will cost you sleepless night. That’s conscience.
Shame (Ottapa) is this sense of a need for communal approval and I believe that this is also in a DNA this part about needing the approval of others, right, I believe this I have no proof. I believe this is also part of our DNA because possibly built in during the time when men was living in a very dangerous world, and the only way he can survive this way he has others like him, and together they help each other in order to be able to continue staying with others, then you must conform to a certain behaviour that communally they agreed to. Your sense of shame is cultural, it is a condition or thought. It changes over time, but it’s really because there is a constant internally, you want to be accepted. And the manifestation of that is you will mirror behaviour, you will follow what people do, you will learn where all the OB markers (“out of bounds marker”) are so that you are accepted within this community. These two pillars for practice, right? It is to help the individual navigate and stay on the path that will give him a sense of peace, when you undertake an action that straight out of these two OB markers, you will have no sense of peace, they are what I call the hard parents smack you then you “I will not transgress” because they are hard.
Initially, it is difficult. But over time you can appreciate it, you can appreciate these two, if you are generally okay. And these two in your life, hold you to a wholesome path. You’re okay with it. Overtime, you feel very peaceful, then you are very grateful for these two that had kept you in check initially.
Conversely, you’re very angry person then this two you will resent then you act on your anger, you get more frustrated. These two fellows now come very hard at you. And they’re trying very hard to hold you in check. But if you refuse to at some point, you drop these two. “Heck I am already so bad, who cares” You will drop your conscience ,you will not allow people to shame you right, now you’re forcefully removing these two pillars, you have no sense of shame, you have no sense of guilt, you will continue to do whatever you want. Creating more pain, discomfort, no peace of mind, more things for yourself. Now you’re spiralling into the negative. It’s very hard to attain these things because really they are conditional.
And you just basically pick a point in this circle, that chicken and egg story. You pick the chicken, and you work from there ,and it leads back to the egg and lead back to the chicken. It sounds like that. Unfortunately, that’s why you just got to start somewhere.
Kai Xin 36:07
I know because some people would say I need to be peaceful first, and then I do all this, you know, good causes, but some people say okay, I do causes first and then eventually I will feel more at peace right then that’s where the chicken and egg comes.
I think it does require some kind of patience, isn’t it? To kind of go through that bump to say, I’ve tried so hard, but I’m constantly getting it wrong. And then dealing with the guilt that is very intense. How would you then advise people to be a bit more patient when they’re trying to be good?
I always try to start on the side choice because that part you can control. I mean, to the degree that you can, “Do I scold or do I not scold?” “Do I speak out, or do I not speak out? ” At that point you still have a choice. The condition of your mind at that point you didn’t choose. I mean you get angrier and angrier and angrier, it just happens. You didn’t choose to be angry. But once the anger starts, you can choose to react or not. If you have clarity, that if you give into anger today thinking that it’s temporary venting. Now it doesn’t work like that, for whatever choices that you make, it would leave some kind of an imprint on the mind leaving similar imprints for stretches, means those imprint very hard to erase.
That’s why we must start somewhere if you want to overcome anger and become a more peaceful person, you must make a determination to say anger hurts, it causes problems for physical form for the body for the mind, it causes problem, it leaves lingering effects. Therefore, I will learn to moderate my anger, I will learn to tame it, make the determination that you must get started, every time anger peaks its head out, you must smack it back and say, I will not give it to you. I will now bring up friendliness, you will choke on trying to cough up friendliness initially. But if you link these two, I will moderate my anger I will bring up friendliness I will moderate my anger I will bring up friendliness. At some point, that balance will tilt, it becomes easier to bring up friendliness than anger. And it all started with you saying you know what I have enough of this anger, I would get started.
Kai Xin 39:02
Does that require some sense of wisdom and internalisation; otherwise it can sound quite wilful, right? Like we are just clenching our teeth and say, I will be friendly, I’ll be friendly. I mean, speaking for my own experience, when I started walking on the path, I was picking myself up a lot. And there’s a lot of agitation in the process. And sometimes I kind of just want to throw in the towel, you know, and it’s like, how do I do it?
How do people do it? Why are they so nice, you know? How do you balance striving to be good? But then at the same time not being too wilful and just like you know just accepting things as they are and have that restful state.
You know, in the method right in the training for lay people I always talk about four mental states that you need, sometimes the Buddha mentioned five, but sometimes he mentioned four. You have faith, morality, generosity, wisdom, and you notice wisdom tags number five, four or five. If it’s five, it will be faith. I use the Pali word Saddha which means having confidence, conviction having faith in the teaching the teacher and so on, then morality, and then he introduced one more Sota which is learning the doctrine. I repeat, it can be four, or it can be five mental states. When it is 4 mental states, it is faith, morality, generosity, wisdom. If he talks about 5 mental states the third one, faith, morality, learning, generosity, wisdom. The extra one is learning. Now, why these five mental states right, when you have faith, faith in itself is a pleasant sensation. Very powerful, very pleasant. If you have faith in Buddha, Dhamma or Sangha.
The Buddha, his teaching, the monastic practice. If you have faith, people carrying that mental state will experience a pleasant sensation will be pleasant. Will not be painful. Then you say, but sometime faith is painful. Nope. Faith is not painful. What is painful is something else. Depending on the individual got to figure out what it is, but it’s not faith, faith in itself is very pleasant.
You believe it or not, if you don’t believe me, you just sit down there at where you are. You say to yourself “I have faith, I believe” and you just pause awhile to look at the mind. You will see the mind as either neutral or for those of you with very strong faith you will immediately experience a surging joy. That’s how powerful it can be. This is not difficult to polish for a Buddhist, every day, you go before the Buddha statue, the Buddha Rupa, you take a bow, and you say to yourself, I have faith in you. You just have to do this every day, momentarily, you will experience joy. And this joy, this faith, is very important. It’s very inspiring, motivating. It keeps people saying, I know it’s difficult, but because I have faith I can continue.
Kai Xin 42:59
Would it be different if we turn it inwards? I mean, for those who are non-religious, can they say, ‘I have faith in myself to be a good person or to be happier, to be more at peace.’? Would that be a difference?
There is a slight difference. Because if for the longest time you were not exactly the nicest person, you say, I have faith in myself to be a nice person. Great. At that point, you enjoy a little “Yes, I do feel good about this”. Then you don’t know how, if you don’t know how, you only say I can do it, but you don’t know how to do it. At some point, disappointment, doubt, will start.
That is why you need other mental states. Faith is step one, right?
And step two is morality then generosity, then wisdom, right? These are the mental states, they work collectively, to inspire you and keep you on the practice. You take away the other mental states, and you have only faith, nothing else. Then this faith is not strong. It’s not sitting on some foundation. It is where that individual say, I believe in Buddha, then when life hits you all kinds of curveballs and you at some point, your faith will wear thin for sure because you have nothing beyond faith.
If you have faith, and you are a good person, so morality right, I’m a good person I learned to do good avoid evil etc. Then I practice generosity, and generosity is another lecture by itself. But let’s say that you practice generosity, giving is just one small part of generosity, generosity of spirit, generosity of its forgiveness, generosity, embracing another’s generosity, giving up your views and your biases is generosity, etc. You have generosity and then you have wisdom.
Wisdom is understanding the transient nature of life. Understanding mortality, so to speak, learning not to hold on to things because holding on will only give you pain, so all these as a whole there is yet another series of talks there. But all these understanding of the nature of mind, all these put together that then you have the relevant tools that will keep you anchored to being good doing good. You are only occasionally true. Because you’re overwhelmed by emotions, and then you tripped a bit. But you basically hop on to the train again, and you are okay. On this wholesome adventure, you’ll be fine.
Kai Xin 46:25
Do you have a mantra or a sentence to help people who are too harsh on themselves?
You said earlier was correct, patience. But having said that, I will be a bit careful here. Patience must not be used as an excuse. I’m patient, and therefore I can forgive myself anything. It should not be used as an excuse for laziness or for giving yourself a discount on the practice. Patience is to me it’s more like you moderate the harshness moderate part of you that is very judging that you hold yourself to very high standards, and you judge yourself to fall short of that standard that you set. And you tell yourself, it’s okay to moderate. Patience to me, is moderation. It’s accepting that there are some conditions that are hard to overcome. And you moderate expectations. And you at every step, when you do well, you tell yourself now, this is the correct thing to do. Well done, good job. You learn to pat yourself on the back so patience lead to this kind of practices.
Patience is powerful because if it sits on wisdom. Understand that, in our practice in our cultivation, the mental states are not held in isolation, they must work in conjunction with others. Which is why if you look at the Buddha’s teaching, very often they tell you about seven factors of enlightenment, or the five powers of the mind, or the four Iddhipada, superpower states of mind, etc. It’s always a few mental states, all of them are mental states. And all these mental states are always taught as a cluster. Because alone, it doesn’t work. You need a few to hold together a set of conditions conducive for practice, conducive for staying good. Why? Because you are overcoming habits and instincts, and habits and instincts have been formed through a millennium a long time, you cannot overcome these states overnight, can’t be done. When I said earlier about patience, moderation, lowering your bar and all those things, is in recognition that whoever you are, whatever you are, today has been form through millennium. If you don’t even remember all the conditions in the past that led to a takeaway. Set baseline that now, centuries later still surface, you don’t remember what was the condition. But now you got to bear with it. When you understand enough that who you are is the result of conditions from a long ago, therefore it needs time. To understand yourself better, you need time to learn to overcome or overwrite an earlier setting of your instincts, you need to overwrite the earliest software to create new software.
Kai Xin 50:29
So, it can’t just be a sit back and see what happens kind of patience, but it requires an active and deliberate effort to say I forgive, and now I’m acting with certain mental models or framework to be better. How do we know when it’s okay to give in to our desires, say if I have a stressful day at work, I know meditating will help me relieve stress. And it’s good for me. But I don’t have the mental capacity and energy to sit on the cushion. I would rather watch YouTube videos. And then again, the cycle repeats. Oh, guilt trip. ‘Why do I do this?’
Is it more helpful to say it’s okay for me to just indulge in sensual desires and pleasures for just one day until I have the capacity to be more spiritual again. How do you know when to give in to desires and when to not give in to desires?
No hard and fast rule about these things. It’s individual maturity. And this is what the Buddha had said that if you truly understand through direct knowledge and understanding, we truly understand impermanence meaning, mortality and the pain of birth, if you truly appreciate that and truly get it, that can generate its own momentum for not letting up on practice.
It’s true understanding and wisdom, that then you won’t cave in. The rest of us are not to that level of direct knowledge and understanding. In fact, for many of us, our embracing of the Dharma and the practice is abit of I want my cake and eat it. What do I mean, I experienced Dukkha periodically, I find it so frustrating, life is so Dukkha, I agree. Therefore, going to the Dharma, in anticipation that we practice, my experience of Dukkha diminishes. We go into Dharma to raise the pleasure quotient to reduce the Dukkha quotient.
And because of that, actually, we are still attached to pleasure, we have never really understood, we just want our cake and eat it. We want to enjoy sensual pleasure and life as we always do without the punishment. That sense of pain that comes about because we don’t understand dhamma. For most of us, we fall into this category. And that is why in our practice, our so-called meditation, the putting time aside for meditation, right? It’s always lower on the list of things to do. Most of us are like that meditation, oh gosh, it’s like upstairs, my mind just going to be so boring. Because on the list of pleasurable things, meditation doesn’t usually rank really high. Meditation becomes like duty, which then adds on to the unpleasantness of it, and we equate practice with meditation, which is really jialat because that’s not true.
Practice is not meditation. Meditation is one part of the practice. If you have true wisdom, true insight, true understanding, you will never let up. Because if you don’t have true wisdom, true insight true understanding, then practice is just a list of things you want to do. And sometimes it’s higher (on the list) because you’re inspired. Sometimes it drops to rock bottom because on these games, the world beckons, it is just like that.
Is there a right or wrong? There is no right or wrong, I would like to say right means: no press on full steam ahead! But we are laypeople. And laypeople means priorities a little different, and the priorities will start to change only with growing understanding and wisdom. The wisdom is what will cause you to reprioritise at some point because you now rank practice very highly. Because of that, your progress, your insight, your understanding, will take on a new momentum.
And then it will spin in that wholesome and very energetically in the Dhamma way by itself. It’s like you’re driving on the floor. Initially, you have all these road bumps, so you cannot go very far. But at some point, you have overcome the road bumps. And now the road is clear here. And you can speed up and how fast it takes for you to speed, depends on how fast you want to get there, how fast you set the condition in place. And how fast you want to set the condition in place depends on how much pain you are now seeing.
Kai Xin 56:23
What I understand from your explanation on wisdom is that when we truly internalise that, this is something that can be more sustainable than the fleeting pleasures, then it really just propels us there’s no sense of like willpower, I have to do it. It’s a chore. And that’s a very important quality, right? Because I also noticed that some people can feel very gung-ho at the start and say, ‘I want to meditate’. It’s all about clocking the number of hours of meditation. And of course, that’s just one part of the practice.
Or some would say, ‘oh, I am so good at keeping my precept. What is this other person doing? Why is he not living up to that particular moral standard?’
But that itself might lack wisdom, because it’s not so much about transcending Dukkha and it’s not so much about being more at peace and that then becomes like the yardstick isn’t it?
Wisdom is the essential mental quality to really help us be on the right track. And then circling back to where we started. In the process, when we have wisdom, we will naturally feel pleasant, when we’re doing a good act or doing a good cause, did I get it right?
Wisdom is a very deep mental state. And you can approach this from a different angle, when there is wisdom, there is understanding, understanding of the concepts taught by the Buddha. Correct understanding at a deeper level, when there is wisdom, there is not just understanding, but there is an ability to notice that in your daily life, you form a conclusion that correlate with the teaching. Oh, I can see this. This is what the Buddha meant when he said all these things, capture in this Sutta or this is what the Buddha meant. Wisdom is an enabler, it enables you to understand the teaching, be able to observe the phenomenon in daily life, in direct reflection of the teaching. And wisdom also enables you to make the right choices, it means the choices that will help you grow in understanding, be a more peaceful and calmer person, more content, more at ease. Wisdom enables you to pick wisely, choose wisely. Focus your attention correctly, all gearing you towards realising the driving forces of your mind, how it works. And so you continue in daily life, you continue to do the thing that will enable you to be happier.
Wisdom fundamentally, enables you to live happily, there is no unhappy, wise person. I mean, you can have bad conditions. But when there is wisdom, you don’t feel too bad about your experience. Not great. But it’s okay, I can live with this. Wisdom helps you to accept, and therefore you’re okay. Even though the conditions are bad, this person knows how to let go. He may not know how to articulate to you how he managed to let go but he knows how to. Buddha is just so brilliant. He captured it into a training formula, DIY for everyone. Buddha wisdom is superior to everyone else because he knows how to sum up the driving forces that leads to growth of wisdom. Therefore, growth of happiness.
Kai Xin 1:00:45
I have one last question to wrap up this episode. Talking about wisdom, do you have any actionable tips that the listeners can take away to grow in wisdom and happiness?
What is this wisdom that, I think, would really help is to constantly remind ourselves whatever is transient, whatever is impermanent, feeling perceiving from mental polishing or activities and so on so forth. For everyone, they last for a mere nanosecond. The state itself lasts for mere nanosecond grief, pain, anger, frustration, lalalala. Whatever it is, all that short in a snap of a finger, it’s over. The only time you really realise the meaning of this teaching, right? That in what is impermanent, it is painful. It’s when you are diagnosed with a terminal illness or someone you love is dead. But the reality is, it’s always a condition of life. It is a condition of life that we will all die. But you see, we will happily blindly roam through life completely oblivious, of what is an inevitable situation. In what is inevitable, we are oblivious. Aha! that’s our problem. Because of that, we have the delusion of control. What are you talking about? The illusion of control, I can control people’s mind, I can convince people, so I can get the outcome I want, isn’t it? It’s all about control. When you are mindful of this, its transient and impermanent, and therefore actually, the reality is to Dukkha. And because of that. You don’t have control. Control is a figment of our imagination. Then why is it so important to get this, internalise this, why is it so important? So that you have an incentive to avoid evil, be good? And why is that important? Only then can you be happy, only when you can build your life rich with kindness, compassion, patience, etc. Then moment to moment, you are at ease, not disease, dis-ease, you are at ease you are peaceful.
Kai Xin 1:03:46
To remind ourselves of the fleeting nature of life, we can do it through reflecting on death. And also in the process, we would see the first noble truth which is, there is suffering, that is Dukkha. And that will propel us to then do what is beneficial, what is right. And through this cycle. That’s where we become wiser. We are more aware and mindful of our actions, and it is like rinse and repeat. Correct?
Kai Xin 1:04:48
All right. Thanks a lot, Sister Sylvia. It’s been such a pleasure to hear from you and alot of insights. Thank you.
Thanks, listeners for tuning in. I hope you got as much value as I did. Please share with us what is your biggest take away, you can do so on our telegram channel or wherever you are listening to this podcast. Please give us a review because it would really help us to reach more people. And please share if you know anyone who can benefit from this. In the next episode, my co-host Cheryl and I will be touching on this topic a little deeper, exploring perspectives of how we can stand up for what is right in the Buddhist way, and whether Anger is ever justified. How can we treat a person who has committed a bad deed?
Stay tuned for the next episode. Meanwhile, stay happy and wise.
Special Thanks to:
Sopisa for helping with the transcript
Key Seng Tan, and Lynn Leng for sponsoring this podcast
Ghost Month Series: This series explores different angles of the 7th Lunar Month, also known as the Ghost Month. Festivals, Cultures, and Religions often mix together in one place, offering space for different interpretations. We, like you, are keen to explore more. Discern what is helpful to your practice and discard whatever is not.
TLDR: Cultivating a harmless and blameless way of life gives you internal confidence in the face of fear. We can also try to practice compassion towards supernatural beings, in place of fear.
If you clicked on this article because you read the title and thought “that’s me!” – there is no shame. I feel like most people have some level of fear around the supernatural – even those who claim to believe in scientific evidence, who say they don’t believe in ghosts. Put anyone in a graveyard in the middle of the night and all rationality goes out the window!
When I was a kid, I was definitely afraid of ghosts.
When I told my mum this, she said something like: “If you never do anything bad, why would they need to come after you?” She always said this with such conviction and fearlessness.
Her statement was a teaching in sīla (morality). It’s the idea that when we take care of our speech and conduct, we offer the gifts of harmlessness and fearlessness to ‘limitless numbers of beings’. In return, we gain a share in this freedom from harm and danger (see AN 8.39).
I once heard a story from my Ajahn, a monk from the Thai forest tradition, who said that one shouldn’t practice in the forest if one’s sīla is not well-kept. He told of an incident where an Ajahn brought a group of monks to stay in the forest for a few days. In the end, all the monks made it out except two who had died during the journey. When asked why this happened, the Ajahn replied that it was because they did not have good sīla.
In case you didn’t know, the Thai forest Ajahns are super hardcore. They live in deep forests with nothing material for protection, putting their lives on the line to do the practice – that’s the depth of their faith in the Buddha and his teachings.
That may have made you go ‘sure anot’, but I resonate with it because I’ve seen the impact of practising sīla in my life. When I was younger, I had a lot of fear around the idea of supernatural beings. But I found that as I grew up and started practising Dhamma, that fear began to reduce and a sense of confidence began to grow. In situations where fear arises (e.g. alone in my apartment at night, in a dark forest on a retreat), I recollect my sīla. Knowing that I have done my best to keep my precepts well and to live a wholesome life helps to soothe that fear.
Since I consistently put in effort not to harm other beings, I have no reason to be harmed or to fear being harmed. It’s reassuring, and not in a ‘wishful thinking’ kind of way – it’s a sense of real confidence in my actions and their results.
Good Vibes Are Important
I believe that cultivating wholesomeness creates wholesome energy. OK, this may sound a bit like hippie flower child stuff but hear me out.
Have you ever been to a monastery or church and the energy there just feels serene and safe? I think it’s because the activities and intentions carried out there are peaceful and wholesome, and this translates into the energy of the place.
In 2019, I stayed at Wat Buddha Dhamma (WBD) in New South Wales for a retreat. This monastery was located deep in the forest of a national park and there were times where I felt fear walking from the meditation hall back to my hut in the dark of the night, with only my torch and the moon for some light. But I realized that this fear was all in my mind; there were probably no beings around that would harm me. That’s because I could feel that the energy of the monastery was light and wholesome, given that all activities there were aimed towards peace.
I think wholesome energy is important because energy attracts and influences, a bit like how we attract or gravitate towards like-minded people. If one constantly aims to cultivate wholesomeness in thought, speech and conduct, this is bound to permeate one’s surroundings. A good example is a friend of mine who has had many (sometimes aggressive) encounters with ghosts throughout their life.
Recently, they noticed that since performing more acts of generosity and wholesomeness, they haven’t been visited by such beings lately.
Perhaps a good landmark example of the importance of “good vibes” can be found in the teachings of the Buddha: In the time of the Buddha, there was a group of monks who were disturbed by certain beings when they tried meditating in a particular forest. When they went to the Buddha and informed him of this, he taught them the Discourse on Loving-Kindness (Metta Sutta) for their protection.
The monks then went back to the forest, practised this instruction, and radiated thoughts of loving-kindness, so much so that the beings were subdued by this and allowed them to meditate in peace.
What are Ghosts Really?
I think movies and stories throughout human history have created a universal perception of ghosts as scary beings that pop up out of nowhere and want to kill you for some reason. But actually, what is a ghost?
The Hungry Ghost Festival is celebrated every July of the Lunar calendar in Chinese culture. It is believed that during this time, ghosts are allowed to come to earth for a visit… In my mind, the concept that ghosts wait all year to ‘come out’ only to hang around for one month and then obediently ‘go back’ to where they came from is pretty funny. I think ghosts are everywhere all the time since they’re just another type of being in one of the 31 planes of existence according to Buddhist teachings.
They are born into this lower realm because of past unwholesome deeds or the lack of wholesome deeds. They are in a state of constant deprivation, equivalent to beggars or homeless people in the human realm who need help because they don’t have enough to fend for themselves.
Based on the principle of rebirth, these beings could even be people we knew, such as departed relatives and friends, who may come to us looking for help.
If we keep this in mind, then we don’t need to be afraid – what they need from us is compassion and merit.
I have another friend who often has supernatural encounters at home. It’s come to a point where we no longer speak about these beings in a taboo or fearful way; they are like any other being in need of help. Following the Buddha’s advice, my friend makes offerings on behalf of them and shares the merit with them as an act of generosity and compassion.
The Bottom Line
If you took nothing else away from this article, just remember this: continue cultivating wholesome qualities and abandoning unwholesome qualities, and trust in the strength of that for protection.
Mindfully watch the fear in your body.For me, fear arises in the heart space like a sharp, cold sensation. Centring your attention on bodily sensations can help you focus on the reality of the fear rather than the narratives in your mind being fueled by it.
Recite the Metta Sutta and emit thoughts of loving-kindness.
TLDR: ‘Right’ Effort is not always obvious. Walking the Middle Way applies – especially to our actions during the current pandemic. While it’s important to adhere to guidelines, it’s important to practice self-compassion.
In the Ambalatthika-rahulovada Sutta, the Buddha advised his son that if an action is viewed to bring harm of any sort, then it should not be done.
“If, on reflection, you know that it would lead to self-affliction, to the affliction of others, or to both; it would be an unskillful bodily action with painful consequences, painful results, then any bodily action of that sort is absolutely unfit for you to do…”
The global pandemic is a situation where one person’s actions could harm themselves, others, or both. So it seems that the wise thing to do would be to stay home as much as possible.
Extreme #1: Going out 238423 times a week
Some people may outright ignore this advice. They may even be in denial, downplaying the dangers of the virus and thinking “aiya, I won’t get it one la”, or “I probably already got it and am immune to it already”.
When looking at the mind, it seems that the desire to go out unnecessarily comes from restlessness. Because we usually find it hard to sit with unpleasant feelings like boredom and depression, we search for distractions.
As Ajahn Jayasaro recently said, one of the most severe forms of punishment in our society is solitary confinement – putting someone in a room with nothing to stimulate the senses. The lockdowns and restrictions we are facing globally are similar but on a grander scale.
As people generally have not trained themselves to find a reliable form of happiness from within, this condition seems unbearable. So it’s understandable why people would find it challenging to adhere to guidelines.
These conditions are tough, and something we can empathise with and have compassion for.
Extreme #2: Hermit mode
Some people (*raises hand slowly*), however, veer towards the other extreme. At the beginning of the pandemic, I made it a point not to go out except when necessary – even if government restrictions allowed it. I turned into a full-fledged hermit.
When considering whether to go out, I would ask myself, “Am I doing this out of necessity or just for pleasure?” Knowing that my actions could put lives at stake, then if this came from a desire to indulge in sense pleasures, I wouldn’t really act on it.
I would miss important family gatherings like the Winter Solstice. Or when Aunty cooked her special homemade chicken noodles for the whole family. Or when a relative turned 60.
I practically never saw my friends, even though I was due for many catchups after coming back from overseas.
In Chinese culture, family, togetherness, customs and tradition are incredibly important. So what I was doing seemed pretty blasphemous.
I received remarks from my relatives like:
“Why you so long never come visit me???”
“But it’s legal what”
“Your head square square one la”
Despite all this, I stood my ground, believing that I was keeping my sīla very well. I thought people around me just couldn’t deal with being cooped up at home and were being heedless.
I called up my Dhamma friends and ranted to them, complaining that I didn’t feel understood. People didn’t bother understanding my good intentions.
I reflected that a benefit of keeping sīla is freedom from remorse. I thought to myself, in the future, I’ll feel at ease knowing that amidst all the suffering, sickness and death endured during the pandemic, I did my best not to consciously contribute to that.
That probably sounds well and good… except for the fact that I was miserable and depressed.
The Middle Way
Recently I had a series of insights that have helped me move closer to the ‘right’ effort. I realized that self-imposed isolation (on top of other things) was causing me depression and that it’s actually not a crime (literally and figuratively) to go out. As we’re social beings, we do need adequate levels of human connection, and I’ve learned that it’s especially important to me personally.
Close friends of mine know that I have a strong defilement of self-denial and borderline asceticism, which often throws me off the middle way. My behaviour during the pandemic has been a case in point.
Let’s revisit the Buddha’s advice introduced at the beginning.
This whole time, I thought I was doing the right thing because by isolating myself:
1. I’m not harming myself physically
2. I’m not harming others physically
3. I’m neither harming myself nor others physically
But I never really considered my mental health when reflecting on this. And even though I knew I was feeling depressed, I thought that it was better for me to endure that state of mind than put lives at risk.
I thought I was doing the right thing, especially when I looked to the monks as role models. Even in ordinary circumstances, my Ajahn (monastic teacher) rarely ever left the monastery unless there was a good reason (e.g. to visit sick devotees at the hospital). This sent the message that Dhamma practitioner should focus less on the external world and more on doing inner work. As long as there is food, shelter and medicine, a practitioner can remain in one place, limiting their movements and restraining the senses. This solitude is important for the practice.
Again – all well and good. If you can practice the Dhamma at that level – Great. Amazing.
But personally, I was punching above my weight. I was trying to practice like that and it was not working. I was just not at that level yet, but I was forcing this onto myself because my logical mind willed itself to do something that I was not emotionally and intuitively ready to sustain. It was an effort, but it was the wrong effort.
I’m reminded of a quote by Ajahn Chah:
“When you practice, it has to be in line with your own strength. Here you have a single cart and your ox is the size of your fist, and yet you want the cart to carry as much as a ten-wheeled truck. You see ten-wheeled trucks passing you on the road and you want to be like them. But you’re not a ten-wheeled truck. You’re just a cart.It’s sure to break down. You’re what’s called a fruit that’s ripe even before it’s half-ripe, food that’s burned even before it’s cooked.”
(In the Shape of a Circle by Ajahn Chah, translated by Ajahn Thanissaro)
So in realizing this, I tweaked my behaviour.
Now, I make a conscious effort and set aside specific times during the week to spend quality time with close friends and family.
In addition to that, I’ve also taken a gentler approach in my practice (e.g. it’s OK to be watching more Netflix), as I feel that this is just what I need at this time.
That being said though, I’m still careful not to be heedless – not to veer towards Extreme #1. I give myself a quota: two outings or gatherings a week – just enough to keep me uplifted and mentally well. I do this with the underlying intention to take care of myself, not simply out of pure, unrestrained pleasure.
I think this is ‘the middle way’ for me – although it may look different for other people.
Over the years, I’ve learned that sīla and right effort are not black and white. It’s more of a gradual training in skillfulness and understanding rather than something that you ‘get right’ or a list of ‘to do’s’ to check off. The ‘right thing’ can look different, depending on circumstances and your capacity to practice at that time. For example, the monks observe 227 rules, and some do it with great ease – but if I tried to make myself do that right now, I’d probably have a nervous breakdown.
I think what’s most important is one’s intention – knowing what our intention is when doing something, and how pure it is. You could tell yourself that you don’t have much capacity for self-restraint, so you HAVE to go out 10 times a week. But is that really true? Or are you just making excuses and being heedless? It’s therefore also very important for us to be honest and true with ourselves. Then, we can truly act with goodness in our hearts, bringing goodness to others and ourselves. I believe this is right effort.
Reflect on the middle way and ‘right effort’ for you, so that you can rest assured that you’re not being heedless and also taking care of yourself. Set up systems and take intentional actions, like setting a quota for how much you go out per week.
If you’re experiencing peer pressure from others to go out more than you’re comfortable with, practice establishing right view. Reflect wisely so as to establish goodwill and empathy in your mind. Reflect on how all beings are the owners of their actions and its results and know that your actions do matter.
Practise gentleness and self-compassion. The pandemic has shaken up the world. While we work towards cultivating an unshakeable mind amidst turbulent conditions, it’s important to have mettā as a foundation during these tough times, accepting and receiving whatever we may be going through before trying to ‘fix’ any of it. | <urn:uuid:60442ae1-f108-4488-9fc3-069ef1e64efe> | CC-MAIN-2022-49 | https://handfulofleaves.life/tag/morality/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446711114.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20221206192947-20221206222947-00497.warc.gz | en | 0.960225 | 15,497 | 3.125 | 3 |
However that is where the commonality ends. The traditional medical model suggests that too much acid secretion in conjunction with lowered LES pressure.
CHECK YOUR STOMACH FOR SUFFICIENT HYDROCHLORIC ACID. To test for sufficient hydrochloric acid – You need betaine hydrochloride tablets plus enzymes – they are available from health food shops.
Apr 8, 2018. Acid reflux is caused by stomach acid creeping up into the esophagus. acid reflux symptoms are not caused by too much acid in the stomach.
The PH scale runs from 0 to 14. 0 being the most acidic while 14 is the most alkaline. 7 is neutral. The level of acid in the stomach is usually in the 1 to 3 range, very acidic.
I am so grateful to have found your site and to you for taking the time to answer my questions and for the time it must have taken you to have such an understanding of these types of problems.
Oct 30, 2018. Bile reflux may accompany the reflux (backwash) of stomach acid (gastric. Upper abdominal pain that may be severe; Frequent heartburn — a burning. In many cases of bile reflux, the valve doesn't close properly, and bile.
Digestive Health, Stomach Acid & Enzyme. – Something must be going on with stomach acid. We’ve received over 50 emails in the last 30 days on stomach acid. Yes, we get 10,000 emails a month, but getting 50 on one topic is highly unusual.
Feb 21, 2018. Chrissy Teigen took to Twitter Tuesday night to pose the question: Can you. Late Tuesday night, Chrissy Teigen tweeted a question many of us have. as it's technically known—occurs when stomach acid flows back up into.
Many times this acid causes symptoms of heartburn, but not always. Sometimes the first indication that a person may have GERD is the erosion of the enamel on the molars or on the. Stomach acid eats away at the enamel on your teeth.
When the digestive system is functioning normally, food travels down the esophagus to the stomach. The stomach works to ensure adequate mechanical digestion (by churning of the stomach) and production of stomach acid until the chyme is brought to the proper pH level.
Oct 27, 2018. The test is done after you have not eaten for a while so fluid is all that remains in the stomach. Stomach fluid is removed through a tube that is.
Stomach acid, also referred to as gastric acid is a digestive liquid consisting of hydrochloric acid that is produced in the stomach. The contents of stomach acid.
Is It Gerd Or Gallbladder Similarly, gallbladder patients often suffer from GERD or GERD-like symptoms. Their link to Barret’s esophagus – Related to the first item, Barret’s esophagus is a serious complication of GERD. According
Hi Gillian, Yes it is possible to take too much betaine hcl though it will be different for everyone. If you have low stomach acid supplementing with HCL may help control SIBO.
Some people struggle with stomach problems in which too much acid is produced. When the epithelial cells can’t keep up with the task of protecting the stomach lining , stomach acid can damage the lining of the stomach , creating what doctors call gastric ulcers.
We’ve been told by the conventional medical world that too much stomach acid is the cause of reflux and heartburn. This simply isn’t correct.
In fact, no organ has the acid resistance of the stomach, so even small amounts of acid in the esophagus can result in major symptoms and damage. In short, ANY amount of acid can cause symptoms! If it is too little acid (as it appears to be in 90% of people with GERD), the problem is with the prolonged gastric emptying time, leading to fermentation as opposed to digestion.
The government cares about you being vaccinated. No, they don’t necessarily care about the negative effects of the vaccination or your concerns, but they do invest millions of dollars to ensure as many people as possible receive things like the flu vaccine every year.
10 Ways to Improve Stomach Acid Levels: These are tips to help improve your digestion if you have lower stomach acid levels. By following these strategies, you reduce stress on your digestive system and absorb nutrients more effectively.
It may seem like there is too much HCL acid because of heartburn, sour stomach, If it makes your symptoms worse, then you may have too much stomach acid.
Nov 13, 2017. Read about risk factors, including diet and lifestyle, and the many home. The stomach contains hydrochloric acid, a strong acid that helps.
Jul 18, 2018. The stomach is very acidic and breaks down the food into an even more. you experience reflux and indigestion not because of too much acid,
Acid Reflux Foods To Avoid Gerd In Infants Gerd Information Is It Gerd Or Gallbladder Similarly, gallbladder patients often suffer from GERD or GERD-like symptoms. Their link to Barret’s esophagus – Related to the first item, Barret’s esophagus is a
Why Stomach Acid is Good for You by Jonathan Wright, MD and Lane Lenard, PhD M. Evans and Company Tums, Rolaids, Nexium, the purple pill: if the endless […]
Stomach acid performs an essential digestive function by reducing food clumps (bolus) into smaller particles (chyme), so that the intestines can absorb nutrients quickly and effectively. The effect of suppressing stomach acidity with drugs is to decrease nutrient absorption to such a degree that there can be long term health consequences.
That is a big jump and that is why it is so important to improve stomach acid levels for optimal digestion. 7 Major Functions of Stomach Acid. Sterilizes the Food: Whenever we consume food, bacteria and other microorganisms come in with the food (even if it was cooked or pasteurized).
6 days ago. As a result, food will get into the stomach but won't be fully broken down. This causes fermentation and gas production that feels like too much.
Your stomach produces natural acids that help your body digest food. Sometimes. Another concern is the dry mouth caused by many acid reflux medicines.
Dec 5, 2017. Acid can build up in the stomach due to diet, excessive alcohol consumption, abnormally high acid production, or it can simply be hereditary.
Feb 12, 2018. When the LES is loose or too relaxed, acidic gastric juices (the stuff in. excessive stomach acid in your esophagus, you're likely to be in a lot.
There are special protective cells that line the stomach to prevent the acid from. Many times the pain of acid reflux can be mistaken for the pain of a heart attack.
Excess Stomach Acid Causes, Symptoms, Diet, Remedy, Treatment Posted by Dr. Chris Excess stomach acid or hyperacidity is when the volume of stomach acid is higher than normal or the pH is lower than usual resulting in a more acidic gastric secretion.
It may seem like there is too much HCL acid because of heartburn, sour stomach, or overall stomach upset, nausea, and pain, but having too little stomach acid can cause exactly the same symptoms as.
Feb 14, 2019. If the LES doesn't close all the way or if it opens too often, acid. One common cause of acid reflux disease is a stomach abnormality called a hiatal hernia. In many cases, lifestyle changes combined with over-the-counter.
Acid Reflux Burning Throat And Chest Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), also known as acid reflux, is a long- term condition in which stomach contents rise up into the esophagus, resulting in either symptoms or complications. Symptoms
So, you need to find a way to reduce stomach acid. You want to cut the problem of heartburn and stomach ulcers as much as possible. While there are medications to help, you can also help to reduce stomach acid naturally. These tips will help to deal with the symptoms of heartburn at the same time.
Helpful, trusted answers from doctors: Dr. Acharya on why does my stomach get upset everytime i eat: There are a number of causes of upset stomach after eating. These include gastritis (inflammation of lining of stomach), an ulcer (either in the stomach or the upper part of intestines), gallstones, food sensitivity/allergy, or reflux disease.
I found out I have Acid Reflux of which I am taking Lansprasol tablets. Just under my breast at my rib cage this part of my stomach is very swollen! It is now becoming a problem because when I sit down there is this roll of fat that I never had before. Can GERD cause swelling like this or could | <urn:uuid:95887f64-d1d4-4705-8f59-9ea42df435df> | CC-MAIN-2019-39 | https://649mset.org/why-is-there-so-much-acid-in-my-stomach/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-39/segments/1568514574501.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20190921125334-20190921151334-00084.warc.gz | en | 0.932199 | 1,889 | 2.875 | 3 |
Posts Tagged «solar»
New nano-material could boost solar panel efficiency as high as 80% October 17, 2013 at 1:11 pm
A new nano-material being developed to improve thermal emitters could help conventional solar cells scoop up more of the sun’s rays by withstanding higher temperatures.
Transforming mirror-bots could help rovers explore the darkest depths of alien worlds August 28, 2013 at 11:44 am
A new proposal from NASA would see transforming robots support rovers and other tech by bouncing light into dark places.
Harvard uses distributed computing and quantum mechanics to dream up new solar cells June 25, 2013 at 8:00 am
The future may be bright with organic solar cells. A new public database from Harvard lists thousands of new molecules that could hold the key.
Firm bets solar phone screens will be the answer to slow-moving battery tech June 14, 2013 at 10:16 am
Startup SunPartner Group, located in France, wants to challenge our reliance on batteries, and aims to attach a smartphone screen that collects solar power and delivers it to the phone. Their transparent overlay has already been developed and is currently undergoing testing.
A cheap nanowire ink that can boost existing solar cell efficiency by 25% April 10, 2013 at 6:41 am
Sol Voltaics, a Swedish startup founded by nanotech master Lars Samuelson, has announced its first product: Solink — an ink made from nanowires that, when slathered onto existing solar panels, can boost efficiency by 25%. Not only could this give solar power the efficiency boost needed to compete with other energy sources, such as fossil fuels, but the method in which the ink is created is also very exciting.
Norwegians trap sunlight with microbeads, produce solar cells that are 20 times thinner, cheaper January 29, 2013 at 10:08 am
Researchers from the University of Oslo have used a bunch of “wonderful tricks” to produce silicon solar cells that are twenty times thinner than commercial solar cells. This breakthrough means that solar cells can be produced using 95% less silicon, reducing production costs considerably — both increasing profits (which are almost nonexistent at the moment), and reducing the cost of solar power installations.
Stanford creates flexible, high-efficiency peel-and-stick solar cells December 24, 2012 at 8:48 am
Researchers at Stanford University have created the first peel-and-stick solar cells. These cells are flexible, can be attached to a variety of surfaces (windows, business cards, clothing), and most importantly they can be produced using conventional, industry-standard facilities and materials. Furthermore, it should be possible to use Stanford’s new process to create peel-and-stick computer chips and LCD displays.
Princeton’s nanomesh nearly triples solar cell efficiency December 11, 2012 at 7:01 am
A research team at Princeton has used nanotechnology to create a mesh that increases efficiency over traditional organic solar cells nearly three fold. We’ll obviously still be using fossil fuels for decades to come, but this research and other breakthroughs like it are accelerating the rate at which we can move to alternate energy sources.
The first flexible, fiber-optic solar cell that can be woven into clothes December 7, 2012 at 8:13 am
An international team of engineers, physicists, and chemists have created the first fiber-optic solar cell. These fibers are thinner than human hair, flexible, and yet they produce electricity, just like a normal solar cell. The US military is already interested in weaving these threads into clothing, to provide a wearable power source for soldiers.
MIT’s sun funnel could slit solar power’s efficiency bottleneck November 28, 2012 at 8:45 am
This week, a team of researchers at MIT hope to start our great global austerity measure, the elimination of the middle-men, and the rise of true, sustainable solar power. | <urn:uuid:32a03851-23fc-4f96-bea7-57e775a9ec00> | CC-MAIN-2015-18 | http://www.extremetech.com/tag/solar/page/2 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-18/segments/1429246647589.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20150417045727-00161-ip-10-235-10-82.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.931951 | 816 | 3 | 3 |
Anxiety isn’t just worrying, although if you have anxiety, you do worry. Anxiety preoccupies your mind and can serious restrict and affect your quality of life.
A certain amount of anxiety can be dealt with naturally, as long as it stays within our ‘safe levels’. However, when it becomes too much for you to cope with it can affect your quality of life an can even start to take over and control what you can or can’t do and effect those around you.
Excessive or prolonged sanxiety can lead to illness, physical and emotional exhaustion, and even panic attacks. When you come under excessive pressure from your home, work or social factors, you will tend to respond with either anxiety, anger or depression or a combination of all three.
In the therapy room we hear frequently “everyone worries, don’t they?” – well, no they don’t! Of course there are times when we worry about something in particular which passes when the problem is resolved or the situation changes, but anxiety isn’t just worrying.
Anxiety and anxiety disorders could be described as ‘extreme worrying’ and sometimes even become an OCD (Obsessive Compulsive Disorder) or manifest itself in physical illnesses such as IBS or other mental or emotional issues, some of which are listed on the right.
How does Hypnotherapy treat Anxiety?
Hypnotherapy for anxiety reduces your anxiety levels now and helps you to understand why it is happening and how you can prevent the anxiety reoccurring in the future. Giving you the 'ïn' to your anxiety, and allowing you to view it as an external entity to you.
Many people find help for anxiety in hypnotherapy which gives you the ability to cope in different situations in a calm and effective way; it is probably the number one reason why clients see us. At The Hypno Clinic, our solution focused approach based on the science of the brain, helps you to understand what is causing the anxiety in the first place or why it’s happening. | <urn:uuid:ffd2e9d3-f252-4161-87ac-adf365d22d57> | CC-MAIN-2021-39 | https://www.hypnoclinic.com.au/copy-of-depression | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780060803.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20210928122846-20210928152846-00597.warc.gz | en | 0.958831 | 427 | 2.515625 | 3 |
The next president of the United States of America may not be what we need. We need a real leader who will bring real solutions to the challenges facing our economic infrastructure and national security. We will get the candidate who can best manage the nomination process, party politics and public perception.
Too many presidential candidates fail to truly grasp the process, party and perception dynamics. Many credible candidates from both major parties have faltered because they failed at one or more of these critical pillars of caucus and primary success. A candidates’ message must resonate with the likely voters in the key early states, but staying on message is not enough to win a state and the party’s nomination.
The process for selecting the presidential nominee from the two major political parties is unlike any other election held in the U.S. Nearly every other election at the state and local levels requires the voter to simply register to vote, go to the appropriate poll on Election Day and cast a ballot for his favorite candidate. The candidate with the majority of votes wins. The process for selecting the Democratic or Republican nominee and, ultimately, the president is a yearlong endeavor that tests the candidate’s campaigning stamina, party acceptance and popularity.
Though the order of the states’ presidential preference caucuses and primaries changes every four years, three states – Iowa, New Hampshire and South Carolina – have kicked off the process in recent elections. Due to the media’s horserace-style coverage of the nominating process, a candidate must finish well in these three states to show that his message and perceived leadership style resonates with a cross section of American voters. Success in Iowa, New Hampshire and South Carolina garners media coverage, an edge in fundraising and increased support in the later primary contests.
The first-in-the-nation Iowa caucus can be understood as a neighborhood political gathering. Party leaders, issue activists and others interested in selecting their party’s nominee gather in one of the state’s 2,000 voting precincts to discuss their party’s platform, select delegates to the ensuing county, state and national conventions and vote for their preferred presidential nominee. Because the caucus meeting can last for hours, those who attend are generally the state’s most active party, issue and organization leaders. Perhaps 20 presidential contenders from both parties will converge on Iowa over the next year, meeting as many voters face-to-face as possible and securing commitments from key political figures. The candidates who win the state’s Democratic and Republican caucuses will have to invest millions of dollars in field staff, grassroots turnout efforts and radio, television, print and direct mail media. A very similar dynamic exists in New Hampshire, another sparsely populated state where voters expect to meet the candidate before giving him their vote.
Though the Democratic and Republican parties hold caucuses or primaries in every state, the race will likely be down to one or possibly two candidates in each party after February 5, 2008. The Democrats will hold primaries in eight states that day, and the Republicans will hold primaries in 10. The candidates who fail to place high in the first three nominating contests will have a scant chance of performing well on February 5, and the candidate with the most states won by then will have nearly all the momentum and media coverage on his side.
Part of managing the nominating process includes managing relationships with the political party establishments in each early state. The media’s talking heads, political pundits and even some likely candidates often refer to the necessity of “appealing to the party base” of likely caucus or primary voters, but the base of likely voters is not a monolith. The successful presidential nominees must recognize the dichotomy of opinions and priorities held by the voters in the key early states.
Given the sheer number of candidates seeking the Democratic and Republican nominations, managing the public’s perception of a candidate is as critical as managing the process. History is the best teacher of the importance of managing perception. In 2004, Howard Dean was that year’s rock star in the Democratic Party. He formed an unparalleled nationwide grassroots network of activists who pledged their time and money to his candidacy. Dean was the fresh face on the Democratic block, and early on looked like a legitimate contender for his party’s nomination. Then came the scream.
Following his disappointing third place showing in Iowa, Dean unleashed his now famous “I Have a Scream” speech on America. The media and Internet sites replayed his speech ad nauseam. He scared the bejeezus out of voters in New Hampshire and South Carolina and forced mothers to bring their children in off the streets. Howard Dean, the once and future darling of the unhinged left, was finished as a presidential candidate.
Many in the media will attempt to select the two candidates through their styles of coverage, bias and spin. The public must not allow that to happen. The informed voter will focus on substance and real leadership characteristics, and not just on which candidate can best manage the “three P’s” of process, party politics and public perception.
There is always hope that whoever becomes the next president will possess the leadership mettle we need, and not just the leadership – or lack thereof – that we get. History has a way of providing America with the leadership she requires at her most critical junctures. Perhaps that leader will emerge in 2008 from the arduous presidential process.
Let’s hope the next president we need is in the race. | <urn:uuid:6f21ad91-bdcd-4bfa-af3f-351519a9bd5d> | CC-MAIN-2016-30 | http://townhall.com/columnists/hermancain/2007/01/22/a_strange_way_to_seek_a_true_leader | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-30/segments/1469257832939.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20160723071032-00325-ip-10-185-27-174.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957515 | 1,114 | 2.515625 | 3 |
Treating Autism is not about changing who the person is, treatment is also not about curing Autism. It is about giving those with these disorders power and skills to manage the challenges that Autism present to them. Being different does not make you any less normal but what does, is the stigma of what is considered normal by society’s standards that pose one of the biggest challenges to adapting to life with Autism. Most importantly, Autism treatment is not an ONE SIZE FITS ALL scenario. Each and every person with an ASD’s has needs and their treatment plan must be no different. Treatment can take educational approaches, teaching the person skills and giving them self-help tools to improve their quality of life and give them a fair opportunity at independence.
No Quick Fix
Autism treatment can involve a number of treatment approaches, it is important to remember that you are treating symptoms, challenges, and not a disorder. Treatment will differ from one person to another, each individual is unique and their treatment plan must be adjusted to fit their requirements. Treatments can include:
- Therapy Treatments such as behavioral therapy, physical therapy or even speech therapy.
- Medicines – It is important to remember that people with autism could have other medical concerns such as seizures that would need to be managed and treated.
- A combination of treatment options.
There are a number of treatment approaches and the assessment will give you a better indication of which is most suitable for the person. The Top 8 Autism therapies as reported by parents include: (Excerpt)
- Occupational Therapy
- Speech Therapy
- ABA Therapy
- Social Skills Classes
- Hippotherapy (OT through horseback riding)
- GFCF Diet
- Psychiatrist/Psychologist sessions
- Floor Time, RDI, PECs, Swimming, PRT
It is important to remember that treatment plans are determined through the developmental needs of the person. These needs can be determined through assessment. What works for one person might not necessarily work for another, treatment is as unique as each person is. Other useful resources for learning about early intervention and autism therapies include The Thinking Person’s Guide to Autism and the CDC’s Autism Page.
Therapies and Treatments are Best Achieved as a Team
Families are encouraged to take part in treatments and therapies. With the right support and guidance, you can offer your support to continue therapy outside the therapist’s office. Learning to teach a person skills and self-care will extend the purpose of therapy but it will also take time and patience. Chat to your therapists and support groups, take advice but always remember to adapt that advice to best suit the person needs. There are a number of skill packages, books, you tube videos and forums where people caring for and supporting a person.
Once you can determine what form of therapy would best suit the Autistic person, take the time to read research and make notes. Once you are comfortable enough, make the appointment and go armed with questions and history. Also remember to stay informed, ask for updates and feedback on progress. It is important that you adjust your home approach to include any changes.
You Need Support, to Give Support
Join support groups and ask for advice on how best to approach the decision to go for the assessment or start treatment. Treatment and change can be a challenging and anxious time for the family. It helps to have a pillar to lean on. Learn to ask questions, help, chat to other parents or care givers, sharing knowledge is a powerful tool and approach to treatment. Most importantly, BE AN ADVOCATE and give people with ASD’s a voice. | <urn:uuid:0721af30-f985-4d7c-8931-0beaf3afccb9> | CC-MAIN-2018-26 | http://www.autube.tv/treatment-autism-important/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-26/segments/1529267864387.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20180622084714-20180622104714-00003.warc.gz | en | 0.960205 | 750 | 3.15625 | 3 |
Primary and Secondary Credit Programs
When the Federal Reserve System was established in 1913, lending reserve funds through the Discount Window was intended as the principal instrument of central banking operations. Although the Discount Window was superseded long ago by Federal Reserve open market operations as the most important tool of monetary policy, it still plays a complementary role. The Discount Window functions as a safety valve for relieving pressures in reserve markets; extensions of credit can help relieve liquidity strains in a depository institution and in the banking system as a whole. The Discount Window also helps ensure the basic stability of the payment system more generally by supplying liquidity during times of systemic stress.
Discount Window policies and programs have evolved in response to the changing needs of the economy and financial system. Currently, primary credit is a principal safety valve for ensuring adequate liquidity in the banking system and a backup source of short-term funds for generally sound depository institutions. Most depository institutions qualify for primary credit. Secondary credit may be available to meet backup funding needs of depository institutions that do not qualify for primary credit.
Description of Programs
The Discount Window is administered in accordance with the Federal Reserve Act, Regulation A and Operating Circular 10. Federal Reserve credit is available to eligible banks, savings and loans, and credit unions.
Primary Credit. Primary credit is available to generally sound depository institutions on a very short-term basis, typically overnight, at a rate above the Federal Open Market Committee’s target rate for federal funds. Depository institutions are not required to seek alternative sources of funds before requesting occasional primary credit advances. The Federal Reserve expects that given the above-market pricing of primary credit, institutions will use the Discount Window as a backup rather than a regular source of funding.
Secondary Credit. Secondary credit may be available to financial institutions that are not eligible for primary credit. The purpose of secondary credit is to help institutions return to market funding sources. Some secondary credit loans are subject to the frequency limitations in the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Improvement Act of 1991 (FDICIA).
- Institutions that Reserve Banks deem generally sound are eligible to obtain primary credit. Eligibility is based largely on an institution’s supervisory examination rating and capital status. Typically, institutions with composite CAMEL(S) ratings of 1, 2 or 3 that are at least adequately capitalized are eligible for primary credit.
- Generally, primary credit will be extended on a very short-term basis. Primary credit may be extended up to a few weeks to small institutions that cannot obtain temporary funds in the market at reasonable terms, so long as they are in sound financial condition.
- Institutions need not seek alternate sources of funds before requesting occasional short-term advances from the primary credit program.
- There is no prohibition against using primary credit to fund sales of federal funds.
- Depository institutions will not be questioned about the reason for borrowing primary credit, except in unusual circumstances.
- The secondary credit program entails a higher level of Reserve Bank administration and oversight than primary credit.
- All Discount Window loans must be secured by acceptable collateral.
Primary credit is granted at a rate of 50 basis points above the Federal Open Market Committee’s federal funds target rate. The secondary credit rate is 50 basis points higher than the primary credit rate. These spreads, which were announced when the primary and secondary credit programs were launched, are subject to change.
By enhancing the availability of Discount Window credit, the Federal Reserve’s primary credit program offers depository institutions an additional source of backup funds for managing short-term liquidity risks and thus can enhance the diversification of contingency funds. Liquidity contingency planning is critical to the ongoing maintenance of any financial institution’s safety and soundness.
Interagency guidance dated July 23, 2003, notes that sound liquidity plans include adequate diversification of the potential sources of funds to be used in a contingency. If an institution incorporates primary credit into its contingency plans, the guidance indicates the institution should ensure that it has in place the necessary documentation and collateral. This is particularly important when the intended collateral consists of loans or other assets that may involve significant processing or lead time for pledging to the Reserve Bank.
It is a long-established practice for institutions to periodically test all sources of contingency funding. Accordingly, if an institution incorporates primary credit in its contingency plans, management should occasionally test the institution’s ability to borrow at the Discount Window. The goal of such testing is to ensure that there are no unexpected impediments or complications should such contingency lines be required.
Finally, the guidance notes that occasional use of primary credit for short-term contingency funding should be viewed as appropriate and unexceptional by both management and supervisors. At the same time, the guidance emphasizes that the primary facility is only one of many tools institutions may use in managing their backup liquidity needs and that institutions should maintain access to a diversified array of funding sources. The use of primary credit, or any other potential source of contingency funding, is a management decision that must be made in the context of safe and sound management practices.
Prior to borrowing, certain basic legal documents must be executed as set forth in Operating Circular 10. Reserve Bank staff can assist you in completing these documents.
All loans made by Reserve Banks must be secured by acceptable collateral, including, but not limited to, U.S. government and agency obligations, municipal securities, CMOs, and commercial, consumer and real estate loans. Our credit analysts will be happy to discuss options with you, including borrower-in-custody arrangements, and walk you through the pledging process.
Borrowing and Repayment
Once the necessary legal agreements and collateral are in place, an authorized individual from your institution may contact the Credit, Risk and Reserves Management Department by telephone to request a loan. A credit will typically be made to your master account with the Reserve Bank or designated correspondent's account on the day the loan is requested. An automatic debit is made to the same account on the day the loan matures. You may prepay your loan, either partially or in full, prior to maturity. Your institution may request a loan or make payment from 8 a.m. until the close of Fedwire (typically 5:30 p.m. Central time), Monday through Friday. Except in unusual circumstances, credits and debits will post to your account at the close of Fedwire on the day of borrowing or payment.
For additional information Discount Window information visit www.frbdiscountwindow.org.
For additional information on these credit programs and policies, please contact the Credit, Risk and Reserves Management Department of the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas at:
- Toll-free telephone: 877-682-3256
- Fax: 214-922-5334
Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas
Credit, Risk and Reserves Management Department
P.O. Box 655906
Dallas, Texas 75265-5906 | <urn:uuid:383330e9-58af-485a-912d-345819e10b3c> | CC-MAIN-2019-35 | https://dallasfed.frswebservices.org/banking/discount/primary | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-35/segments/1566027322170.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20190825021120-20190825043120-00211.warc.gz | en | 0.93055 | 1,414 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Description of Historic Place
Standing five storeys tall at an important intersection in Winnipeg's Exchange District, a national historic site of Canada, the Bate Building is one of the district's oldest structures, completed in 1883. The City of Winnipeg's designation applies to the building on its footprint and public areas inside.
The Bate Building was one of the first substantial brick warehouses that came to define Winnipeg's Exchange District, a dense collection of warehouses that was the basis for wholesale trade in Western Canada from about 1885 to 1920. Before 1885, the district was more typically composed of smaller brick buildings that contained manufacturing and small warehouse operations. After that date, buildings like the Bate Building (originally called the Lyon Block) came to predominate, many designed with reference to the Romanesque Revival style, an architecture whose muscular form and detailing made it suitable for massive brick buildings. The Bate Building is a good example of the style, and boasts high levels of architectural integrity inside and out. In its functional evolution from warehouse to offices, and in the two-storey addition made in 1905, the building also recalls the changing economic face of the district, as the demand for premium downtown commercial space spread beyond the traditional Main Street business centre. The Bate Building is also an important element in maintaining the historical continuity of the streetscape at the McDermot Avenue-Albert Street intersection.
Source: City of Winnipeg Council Meeting Minutes, May 19, 1981
Key elements that define the Bate Building's landmark qualities include:
- its location at the northeast corner of McDermot Avenue and Albert Street in the Exchange District, with its south and west walls aligned with other adjacent buildings
- the historical and visual connections to other notable buildings at the same corner, including the Telegram and Silvester-Wilson buildings and the Albert Block
Key elements that define the exterior of the Romanesque Revival-style building, and its modification on the first floor for retail/commercial space in 1905, include:
- the bulk of the building's five-storey height, with its two main facades (west and south) defined by their brick walls and stone accenting, the division of the elevations made with brick pilasters with stone capitals, etc., and the utilitarian north wall and east wall, which is of unrelieved brick and which also features a large painted sign at the southern topmost edge
- the large number of arched windows (first to fourth floors) arranged in pairs, the flat-headed windows of the fifth floor, the arched doorways on the west side and the delicate brick hood-moulding and ornamental brickwork accenting openings on the first three floors
- the complete entablature featuring a heavy overhanging modillioned metal cornice
- the 1905 stone-clad ground-floor retail and office entrances on the south side (wrapping around to the west side), including the recessed and columned double entrance at the southwest corner, the recessed entrance at the southeast corner, the large display windows, the modillioned cornice above, etc.
- the narrow fire escape on the west wall
Key elements that define the Lyon Block's office function, dating to 1905, and continuing in 1942 and renamed as the Bate Building, include:
- floor plans on levels two through five that feature on each floor a long hallway with high ceiling, numerous sturdy doors that open off the hallway, with glass panels and tall glassed transoms, interior windows in south-facing offices, decorated safe doors along each hallway, etc.
- finishes and details in each hallway and offices, including heavy, dark baseboards, railings, casings around doors and windows, opaque patterned glass in most doors and windows, decorative pressed metal ceilings in many offices, etc.
- the tall-ceilinged, airy spaces of the ground floor with elaborate pressed tin ceilings
- the wooden staircase, with plain wooden railing and balusters, the delicately detailed steel cage passenger elevator, the hand-operated elevator in the northwest corner, etc.
- the words 'BATE BUILDING' in the frieze on the south facade and the signage on the building's east facade | <urn:uuid:7e110ff2-b38d-47f5-9974-403a8ce1371d> | CC-MAIN-2018-05 | http://www.historicplaces.ca/en/rep-reg/place-lieu.aspx?id=8491 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-05/segments/1516084887024.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20180117232418-20180118012418-00017.warc.gz | en | 0.943043 | 862 | 2.65625 | 3 |
U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1373
High-Resolution Geologic Mapping of the Inner Continental Shelf: Cape Ann to Salisbury Beach, Massachusetts
The inner continental shelf between Cape Ann and Salisbury Beach, Massachusetts, exhibits a complex assemblage of sediment textures related to the inherited geologic framework and reworking during postglacial sea-level changes. Rapidly changing environments associated with glaciation and deglaciation of the region have exposed the inner shelf to a variety of marine and terrestrial processes (fig. 4.12). High-relief bedrock is locally exposed on the seafloor (Rocky Zone, Shelf Valley) but otherwise is buried beneath relatively thick deposits of glacial and non-glacial sediment. The glacial deposits consist of till and glacial-marine sediment, which are overlain by deposits of fluvial, estuarine, deltaic, and marine sediment. The Merrimack River, one of the largest rivers in New England, delivered abundant sediment to construct a large sandy delta graded to a lowstand of sea level at a depth of about –50 m. Ongoing transgression across the paleodelta's upper surface (Nearshore Ramp) has removed significant material from shallow areas above the lowstand depth and eroded a distinct unconformity on top of the Pleistocene sedimentary sequence. Surficial deposits of Holocene sediment, which overlie the regional transgressive unconformity, are relatively thin and unevenly distributed. The mobile sandy sediments range in thickness from less than 0.5 m in the northern and central parts of the study area to 9 m in the south near Cape Ann. This distribution indicates long-term net transport of sediment in a southerly direction. These deposits contain approximately 121 million m³ of fine sandy sediment in the nearshore area alone, where we have sufficient seismic-reflection data to accurately map its thickness. Along with sediment derived from reworking of older deposits along the coast and inner shelf, sandy sediment supplied by the river has constructed a large barrier system. Modern processes interact with bedrock and glacial sediment to create the sandy beaches, tidal-inlet complexes (Ebb-Tidal Deltas), and other present-day landforms along the present shoreline. In depths below about –50 m, the seafloor was not exposed during the postglacial sea-level lowstand. A complete stratigraphic section is preserved in these deeper areas (Outer Basins) where fine-grained sediment is accumulating, presumably derived from erosion of shallow, formerly emergent areas of the shelf. These different sedimentary environments provide habitat for a variety of benthic-dwelling marine organisms. Geologic mapping at this scale is the first step toward determining the distribution, type, and quality of subtidal marine habitats in the Massachusetts coastal ocean. | <urn:uuid:9427d20f-e9b3-42dc-99d2-7abea1a19063> | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1373/html/summary.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224646652.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20230610233020-20230611023020-00181.warc.gz | en | 0.897757 | 591 | 2.84375 | 3 |
Over a century ago, more than one million Attwater’s Prairie- Chickens adorned the Texas and Louisiana Gulf Coast prairies. Each spring, males gathered to perform an elaborate courtship ritual. They inflated their yellow air sacs and emitted a deep, booming sound across a sea of grasses. Today, less than one percent of the original 6 million acres of coastal prairie remains. With so little of its home left, the Attwater’s Prairie-Chicken has come very close to extinction.
See our award-winning documentary, “The Little Grouse on the Prairie”! Come meet the amazing Attwater’s Prairie-Chicken, discover the tremendous collaborations involved in its recovery, and join us in supporting these efforts!
Be a Friend
As the Friends of Attwater Prairie Chicken Wildlife Refuge, our goal is to avoid extinction and prolong the lives of the Attwater’s prairie chicken as well as preserve their habitat, the coastal prairie ecosystem. We welcome you to join us to assist the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and our many partners in enhancing and promoting the Attwater Prairie Chicken Refuge in Eagle Lake, Texas. Whether you become a member, volunteer, donor and/or sponsor you can assist us in our efforts to recover the endangered Attwater’s Prairie-Chicken and restore the native Texas coastal prairie for the benefit of present and future generations. You can help us celebrate the continued existence of the Attwater’s Prairie-Chicken and our efforts to restore its prairie habitat by joining us annually for the Attwater’s Prairie-Chicken Festival, “Booming”-N-“Blooming”, held the each spring. Mark you calendars for the 26th Annual “Booming”-N-“Blooming” Attwater’s Prairie-Chicken Festival, on March 28th & March 29th, 2020. This is one of the few opportunities to observe the outstanding “booming” exhibit of the Attwater’s Prairie-Chicken on its traditional mating grounds, or “leks.” Guided birding tours, wildflower walks and refuge tours are also offered during this weekend event.
Battling the Red Imported Fire Ant (RIFA)
The Attwater Prairie-Chicken (APC) and other birds, like (Northern Bobwhite) quail, depend on insects as a primary food sources for young chicks. Red imported fire ants (RIFA) devastate insect numbers on the prairie and therefore negatively impact young chicks’ ability to feed when they hatch in the spring. Studies show captive-bred APCs can successfully raise their broods in the wild. To ensure chicks have the insects they need to survive, the Attwater Prairie Chicken National Wildlife Refuge has been treating for RIFA since 2009. Plans are to expand ant treatments on the refuge and other areas where APCs are located. These treatments will not only help increase the endangered Attwater Prairie-Chicken’s survival, but also will benefit other native species like Northern Bobwhite and white-tailed deer. Join the Friends group and make a donation to the “Fire Ant Suppression/Brood Survival Fund” today. Read more about the Effects of RIFA on APC Survival
Student Festival Art Contest
The Friends of Attwater Prairie Chicken Refuge strives to provide opportunities that will assist in developing a deeper appreciation for our refuge system, the prairie, and all the species that call the prairie “home.” In an effort to bring nature into the classroom and the lives of future generations, The Friends of Attwater Prairie Chicken Refuge and Blisswood Bed and Breakfast are pleased to sponsor the Student Festival Art Contest. The contest is held annually, and the winner is announced at the “Booming”-N- “Blooming” Festival at the Refuge each spring. The deadline for entries is January 30, 2020. The contest is open to students from kindergarten to grade 12 in Brazos, Bellville, Columbus, Rice, Sealy, and Washington school districts. Congratulations to our 2019 Grand Prize Winner, Sydney Delos Santos of Brazos High School! Pictured here is Sydney’s winning entry!
The Friends of Attwater Prairie Chicken Refuge and Blisswood Bed and Breakfast encourage parents and teachers to engage our youth with lessons provided on the Kid Zone of our website, www.Attwater.org, or through other sources to further learning and foster an appreciation for the prairie and the wildlife that live among us. After reviewing subjects/concepts of nature like the Attwater’s Prairie-Chicken, endangered species, prairies, ecology, refuges, etc. with your students, future generations express themselves through art. The Student Festival Art Contest is a perfect avenue to engage the power of art to help youth feel more connected with nature and is a valuable experience for students.
Rules and entry form are available by uploading the 2020 Student Festival Art Contest package. And don’t forget- the deadline for entering your art submissions is January 30, 2020! | <urn:uuid:90e98bcb-0650-4b79-824a-64b46738c35a> | CC-MAIN-2020-16 | https://attwater.org/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585370511408.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20200410173109-20200410203609-00451.warc.gz | en | 0.917483 | 1,049 | 2.765625 | 3 |
Ms. Frier Explores Change
This eBook was created for the awesome Kindergarten students
at Winnonia Park Elementary in Decatur, Georgia.
MKN1. Students will connect
numerals to the quantites they represent.
H. Identify coins by
name and value (penny, nickel, dime, and quarter)
Learning Outcome: Students
will identify different types of coins and determine the value for
Next page... Penny! | <urn:uuid:9b3ac3ac-c77e-4d2a-b949-88e00f69a7f0> | CC-MAIN-2014-15 | http://ww2.valdosta.edu/~rvfrier/ebook.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-15/segments/1398223205375.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20140423032005-00612-ip-10-147-4-33.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.740414 | 96 | 3.125 | 3 |
Japanese holdouts (残留日本兵 Zanryū nipponhei?, "remaining Japanese soldiers") or stragglers were Japanese soldiers in the Pacific Theatre who, after the August 1945 surrender of Japan ending World War II, either adamantly doubted the veracity of the formal surrender due to strong dogmatic or militaristic principles, or simply were not aware of it because communications had been cut off by the United States island hopping campaign.
They continued to fight the enemy forces, and later local police, for years after the war was over. Some Japanese holdouts volunteered during the First Indochina War and Indonesian War of Independence, to free Asian colonies from Western control despite these having once been colonial ambitions of Imperial Japan during World War II.
Intelligence officer Hiroo Onoda, who was relieved of duty by his former commanding officer on Lubang Island in the Philippines in March 1974, and Teruo Nakamura, who was stationed on Morotai Island in Indonesia and surrendered in December 1974, were the last confirmed holdouts, though rumors persisted of others.
- Captain Sakae Ōba, who led his company of 46 men in guerrilla actions against US troops following the Battle of Saipan, did not surrender until December 1, 1945, three months after the war ended.
- Major Sei Igawa (ja:井川省?) volunteered as a Viet Minh staff officer and commander. Igawa was killed in a battle with French troops in 1946.
- Navy Lieutenant Hideo Horiuchi (堀内秀雄?) volunteered as an Indonesian volunteer Army Lieutenant Colonel. Horiuchi was arrested by Dutch troops on August 13, 1946, while his wounds were being treated in a village after the battle with Dutch troops.
- Lieutenant Ei Yamaguchi and his 33 soldiers emerged on Peleliu in late March 1947, attacking the U.S. Marine Corps detachment stationed on the island. Reinforcements were sent in, along with a Japanese admiral who was able to convince them the war was over. They finally surrendered in April 1947.
- On May 12, 1948, the AP reported that two Japanese soldiers surrendered to civilian policemen in Guam.
- Yamakage Kufuku and Matsudo Linsoki, two IJN machine gunners, surrendered on Iwo Jima on January 6, 1949.
- Major Takuo Ishii (石井卓雄?) continued to fight as a Viet Minh adviser, staff officer and commander. He was killed in a battle with French troops on May 20, 1950.
- The Associated Press reported on June 27, 1951 that a Japanese petty officer who surrendered on Anatahan Island in the Marianas two weeks before said that there were 18 other holdouts there. A U.S. Navy plane that flew over the island spotted 18 Japanese soldiers on a beach waving white flags. However, the Navy remained cautious, as the Japanese petty officer had warned that the soldiers were "well-armed and that some of them threatened to kill anyone who tried to give himself up. The leaders profess to believe that the war is still on." The Navy dispatched a seagoing tug, the Cocopa, to the island in hopes of picking up some or all of the soldiers without incident. The Japanese occupation of the island inspired a movie.
- Private 1st Class Yūichi Akatsu continued to fight on Lubang Island from 1944 until surrendering in the Philippine village of Looc on March 1950.
- Corporal Shōichi Shimada (島田庄一?) continued to fight on Lubang until he was killed in a clash with Philippine soldiers in May 1954.
- Lieutenant Kikuo Tanimoto (ja:谷本喜久男?) volunteered as a Viet Minh adviser and commander. Tanimoto returned to Japan in 1954, after Vietnamese Independence and division.
- Seaman Noburo Kinoshita, after his November 1955 capture from the Luzon jungle, hanged himself rather than "return to Japan in defeat."
- In 1956, nine soldiers were discovered and sent home from Mindoro.
- Private Bunzō Minagawa held out from 1944 until May 1960 on Guam.
- Sergeant Masashi Itō, Minagawa's superior, surrendered days later, May 23, 1960 on Guam.
- Corporal Shoichi Yokoi, who served under Itō, was captured on Guam in January 1972.
- Private 1st Class Kinshichi Kozuka held out with Lt. Onoda for 28 years until he was killed in a shoot out with Philippine police in October 1972.
- Lieutenant Hiroo Onoda, who held out from December 1944 until March 1974 on Lubang Island in the Philippines with Akatsu, Shimada and Kozuka, was relieved of duty by his former commanding officer in March 1974.
- Private Teruo Nakamura, a Taiwan-born soldier (Amis: Attun Palalin) was discovered by the Indonesian Air Force on Morotai, and surrendered to a search patrol on December 18, 1974.
- The Asahi Shimbun reported in January 1980 that Captain Fumio Nakaharu (中晴文夫) still held out at Mount Halcon in the Philippines. A search team headed by his former comrade-in-arms Isao Miyazawa (宮沢功) believed it had found his hut. Miyazawa had been looking for Nakahara for many years. However, no evidence that Nakahara lived as late as 1980 has been documented.
- In 1981, a Diet of Japan committee mentioned newspaper reports that holdouts were still living in the forest on Vella Lavella in the Solomon Islands, and said searches had been conducted several times over the decades, but said the information was too scant to take any further action.
In popular culture
- One episode of the American TV comedy Ensign O'Toole titled "Operation Holdout" shown on October 28, 1962, the crew finds four stranded soldiers on an isolated island, two American and two Japanese, who think World War II is still underway.
- The episode "So Sorry, My Island Now" of the American TV comedy Gilligan's Island revolves around a Japanese sailor and his mini-sub; the Skipper (Alan Hale, Jr.) remarks how every few years, a Japanese soldier is found who does not know the war is over.
- A 1965 episode of the series Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea entitled "And Five of Us are Left..." involves a group of Americans and one Japanese who have been trapped in an undersea cave for twenty-five years. The Japanese refuses to believe the war is over, and hampers rescue efforts.
- One episode of the American TV comedy Northern Exposure features a Japanese businessman who pretends to be a holdout until his business textbooks are discovered.
- The episode "The Last Kamikaze" of The Six Million Dollar Man finds Col. Steve Austin being held prisoner by a Japanese holdout. Steve uses his Polaroid camera to take an instant photo of his captor, in an attempt to prove to him how far the world has moved on, and notes the "Made in Japan" label on the device.
- The February 1978 episode of Three's Company, "Days of Beer and Weeds," had Jack remarking on the size of Mr. Roper's garden by saying, "There are still pockets of Japanese soldiers in there that don't know the war is over."
- The second episode of 1979 TV series Salvage 1, Shangri-la Lil, centers on the accidental discovery (and reintegration) of a Japanese holdout.
- The 1980 film The Last Flight of Noah's Ark featured two elderly Japanese soldiers who have lived on an uncharted island for 35 years.
- The 1981 film A Friend Is a Treasure, starring Bud Spencer and Terence Hill, features a Japanese soldier who maintains an entire base to protect a treasure.
- The album Nude (1981) by the British rock band Camel reworked the story, with a twist–after returning to "civilisation", the soldier was so appalled by what society had become that he later disappeared, presumed headed back to the peace and serenity of his island.
- The novel The Seventh Carrier, written by Peter Albano in 1983, describes a situation where a fictitious Yamato-class battleship-turned aircraft carrier named Yonaga — like the real-world carrier Shinano — and its crew were trapped in a secret base in Siberia's Chukchi Peninsula just before Operation Z was to be launched in 1941. Trapped there until 1983, the remaining crew escaped with their ship and launched an attack on the forty-second anniversary of their comrades' attack, causing considerable damage even with antiquated aircraft and bombs against then-modern attack helicopters and jet fighters.
- The film American Ninja (1985) featured John Fujioka, a Japanese holdout and ninja master, who finds and trains Michael Dudikoff to be an American ninja in the Philippines.
- The film Savage Beach (1989) featured a Japanese holdout who resided on a remote island which was used to stash gold bars from the Philippines.
- The 1997 novel "Flying to Pieces" by Dean Ing is about a group of aging American WWII pilots who hear about a cache of Japanese warplanes stashed on a remote island in the Philippines and go to investigate, only to discover the planes have been maintained and are operational, having been tended to for over 50 years by a Japanese holdout.
- The 1999 children's novel Kensuke's Kingdom by Michael Morpurgo is set in the 1990s and centres on the friendship between a Japanese straggler and a lost British boy.
- The action thriller Shima (2007) explores the psychological trauma faced by an officer of the Imperial Army. The film is loosely based on the life on Lieutenant Hiroo Onoda and other Japanese holdouts.
- The fictional Asian island nation of Panau in the video game Just Cause 2 includes an island occupied by Japanese holdouts. These men, several of them centenarians by the time of the game, had been building a superweapon for the Imperial Japanese Army, a giant tower which emits an electromagnetic pulse, disabling any approaching aircraft and disrupting radio communications. Thus, they never got the news that the war was over.
- Cursed soldiers
- Forest Brothers
- Hermann Detzner
- Ishinosuke Uwano
- Kalibata Heroes Cemetery
- Operation Haudegen
- Volunteer Fighting Corps
- "ベトナム独立戦争参加日本人の事跡に基づく日越のあり方に関する研究" (PDF). 井川 一久 (in Japanese). Tokyo foundation. October 2005. Retrieved 2010-06-10.
- "日越関係発展の方途を探る研究 ヴェトナム独立戦争参加日本人―その実態と日越両国にとっての歴史的意味―" (PDF). 井川 一久 (in Japanese). Tokyo foundation. May 2006. Retrieved 2010-06-10.
- "Lt Ei Yamaguchi, Surrendered – April 1947", Profiles of Known Japanese Holdouts, Wanpela
- "Hirohito Photo with MP's Induces Japs to Give Up". Albuquerque Journal. May 12, 1948. p. 6.
- "Japanese Surrender After Four Year Hiding". Pacific Stars and Stripes. Jan 10, 1949. p. 5.
- "Yamakage Kufuku". "Profiles of Known Japanese Holdouts". Wanpela. Retrieved 2012-06-05.
- "ベトナム独立戦争参加日本人の事跡に基づく日越のあり方に関する研究" (PDF). 井川 一久. Tokyo foundation. October 2005. Retrieved 2010-06-10.
- "日越関係発展の方途を探る研究 ヴェトナム独立戦争参加日本人―その実態と日越両国にとっての歴史的意味―" (PDF). 井川 一久. Tokyo foundation. May 2006. Retrieved 2010-06-10.
- "Pacific War Finally Ends for 19 Die-Hard Japanese". Pacific Stars and Stripes. Jun 27, 1951. p. 1.
- Three Jap Stragglers Hold Out on Tiny Isle, The Lima (O.) News, April 8, 1952: 5
- Onoda Home; 'It Was 30 Years on Duty', Pacific Stars and Stripes, March 14, 1974: 7
- Japanese Soldier Finds War's Over, Oakland Tribune, May 21, 1960: 1
- Straggler Reports to Emperor, Pacific Stars and Stripes, June 8, 1960: 1
- Kristof, Nicholas D (September 26, 1997), Shoichi Yokoi, 82, Is Dead; Japan Soldier Hid 27 Years, The New York Times
- The Last PCS for Lieutenant Onoda, Pacific Stars and Stripes, March 13, 1974: 6
- The Last Last Soldier?, Time, January 13, 1975
- Asahi Shimbun, January 18, 1980
- Still fighting, 35 years after V-J day (PDF), Finger Lakes Times (Fulton History), April 10, 1980: 1
- Soldier's hut found in Philippines, Milwaukee Sentinel (Google News), April 5, 1980, part 1: 3 Check date values in:
- 宮沢, 功 (1957). "連載 サラリーマン男のロマン ミンドロ島戦友捜索奮戦記". 実業之日本 (Jitsugyo no Nihon Sha) 83 (6): 102–105.
- "第０９４回国会 社会労働委員会 第７号 昭和五十六年四月十四日（火曜日）". Kokkai.ndl.go.jp. Retrieved 2014-01-18.
- Holdouts, Wanpela
- "Two more Japanese holdouts in the Philippines", Far outliers, Wordpress, 2005-05-27 | <urn:uuid:3033e0b2-65af-4b0f-b9aa-59e5fb6a48b0> | CC-MAIN-2014-42 | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_holdout | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-42/segments/1413507446943.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20141017005726-00337-ip-10-16-133-185.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.948245 | 3,197 | 3.421875 | 3 |
They said it couldn’t be done, but the technology has changed the rules of the game with ground based telescopes and VLCEARE Imageprocessing, VLCE (Very Low Contrast Enhancement) & ARE (Adaptive Resolution Enhancement)
On this webpage you can find photo editing technics far beyond the borders of the impossible (Astrophotography beyond the limits). The resolution achieved is thousands of times higher than the resolution of the used optics and CCD chip.
How these results are possible is not completely clear, what I do know is that a higher dynamic range is made between small nuances (example-1, VLCE-1, VLCE-2). In the selected area is the highest and lowest light measured. These measured values are spread over a 100% scale. This causes greater differences between the measured light values. Many critics say that this are artifacts but I don’t agree with this explanation, I thought (1-nov-2002), maybe the CASSINI-HUYGENS can proof it when it reaches Titan and the first images are made, and it did.
Of course, this technique and the results cause intense debate but I find it worthwhile and it’s my right to investigate this and publish the results and discoveries on this webpage. You can find more results on the webpage “Discover the mysteries“. | <urn:uuid:aeeec13b-35c4-463f-b9e5-829f2e8395a4> | CC-MAIN-2021-04 | http://titans-cctv-observatory.nl/?page_id=232 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-04/segments/1610703529128.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20210122051338-20210122081338-00519.warc.gz | en | 0.928997 | 282 | 2.765625 | 3 |
If you are diagnosed with a spinal disorder, deformity, or potential problem that can be helped through the use of external structural support, your physician may recommend the use of a back or neck brace. Braces offer a safe, non-invasive way to prevent future problems or to help you heal from a current condition.
The use of braces is widely accepted. They are effective tools in the treatment of spine disorders. In fact, more than 99% of orthopedic physicians advocate using them.
Braces are really nothing new. They have actually been around for centuries. Lumbosacral corsets (for the lower back) were used as far back as 2000 B.C.! Bandage and splint braces were used in 500 A.D. in an effort to correct scoliosis (a spine with a sideways curve). Recently, braces have become a popular way to actually help prevent primary and secondary lower back pain from ever occurring.
There are more than 30 types of back supports available for spine disorders. This website will discuss several common types and why they are used.
Neck braces are used to provide stability of the cervical spine after neck surgery, a trauma to the neck, or as an alternative to surgery. They are probably the type of spinal brace you most commonly see people wearing. There are several types available, including:
This flexible brace is placed around the neck. It is typically used after a more rigid collar has been worn for the major healing. It is used as a transition to wearing no collar.
This is a more rigid/stiff collar that has a front and back piece that attaches with Velcro on the sides. It is usually worn 24 hours a day until your physician instructs you to remove it. This collar is used for conditions such as: a relatively stable cervical (upper spine) fracture, cervical fusion surgery, or a cervical strain. Another similar type is the Miami cervical brace.
Sterno-Occipital Mandibular Immobilization Device (SOMI)
A SOMI is a brace that holds your neck in a straight line that matches up with your spine. It offers rigid support to a damaged neck and prevents the head from moving around. With this brace, you are unable to bend or twist your neck. The restriction of motion helps the muscles and bones to heal from injury or surgery.
If you look at what the name means, you will better understand what a SOMI does: “sterno” means your upper and middle chest, “occipital” is the base of your skull, “mandibular” refers to your jaw and chin, and “immobilization” describes the support and movement restriction the brace offers. The SOMI is worn on the parts of the body for which it is named. First, there is a chin piece that the lower jaw rests on. Second, the chin piece connects by straps to a headband that is worn across the forehead. Third, the chin piece connects to a chest piece by a front metal extension. Finally, the chest piece then rests on the upper and middle chest – sort of like a vest. This connects to the occipital piece, which supports the base of the head.
This brace is obviously a bit more complicated and cumbersome than some of the others, but it provides excellent support for an injured neck.
The main purpose of the halo is to immobilize the head and neck. This is the most rigid of the cervical braces. It is only used after complex cervical spine surgery or if there is an unstable cervical fracture. The halo looks a lot like the word sounds. It has a titanium ring (halo) that goes around your head, secured to the skull by four metal pins. The ring then attaches by four bars to a vest that is worn on the chest. The vest offers the weight to hold the ring and neck steadily in place. The Halo is worn 24 hours a day until the spine injury heals.
The trochanteric belt is usually prescribed for sacroiliac joint pain or pelvic fractures. The belt fits around the pelvis, between the trochanter (a bony portion below the neck of your thigh bone) and the iliac (pelvis) ridges/crests. It is about five to eight centimeters wide and it buckles in front, just like a regular belt.
The lumbosacral belt helps to stabilize the lower back. These belts are usually made of heavy cotton reinforced by lightweight stays. The pressure can be adjusted through laces on the side or back of the belt. These belts range in widths between 10 to 15 centimeters, and 20 to 30 centimeters. The sacroiliac belt is used to prevent motion by putting a compressive force on the joints between the hipbone and sacrum (base of the spine).
Corsets provide rigidity and support for the back. Corsets can vary in length. A shorter or longer corset will be prescribed, depending upon your condition. A short corset is typically used for low back pain, while a longer one is used for problems in the mid to lower thoracic spine. When people think of corsets, they usually conjure up images of women from earlier centuries who used them to make their waists look smaller. Today, in the treatment of back problems, corsets refer to a type of back brace that extends over the buttocks and is often held up by shoulder straps. Like the corsets of old, these lace up from the back, side, or front. There are metal stays that provide the appropriate rigidity and support for the back.
These braces are typically prescribed for low back pain and instability. If greater rigidity is needed to support the spine than can be found in standard back supports, rigid frame spinal bracing is often prescribed. These are stiff braces. They usually consist of rear uprights that contour to the lumbar (lower) spine and pelvis, along with thoracic bands. There are also fabric straps on the braces that provide pressure in the front. Common types of rigid models are:
This brace is designed to prevent excessive bending, and it is often prescribed to treat frontal compression fractures that have occurred around the junction of the thoracic and lumbar spine. The brace can also be used for post surgery healing from a spinal fusion.
These braces offer support that allows anterior (front) pressure unloading of the thoracic vertebrae by restricting flexion (bending) of the thoracic and lumbar spine.
Hyperextension braces have a front rectangular metal frame that puts pressure over the upper sternum and the pubis/pubic bone. This encourages spinal extension. There is opposing pressure applied over the T-10 level (the tenth vertebra in your thoracic spine). The braces offer what is called “three-point stabilization” to the spine through a front abdominal pad, a chest pad, and a rear pad at the level of the fracture.
By applying pressure in three-points – sternal, pubis and rear Lumbosacral – the spine is extended/stretched. The sternum is the narrow, flat bone in the front middle of thorax. The thorax is the portion of body between the base of the neck and the lower diaphragm.
The most common types of Hyperextension Braces are Knight Taylor and Jewett.
These jackets are designed to distribute pressure widely over a large area. By immobilizing the patient from the neck to the hips, pressure is distributed evenly, taking excess pressure off overloaded or unstable areas. These jackets were originally made of plaster of Paris, but now are typically made out of molded plastic.
These belts are designed to reduce low back strain and muscle fatigue that can occur when you are lifting heavy objects. The belt circles around the waist, covering the lumbar region of the spine, and closes in front. These belts are usually made of cloth or canvas and do not have stays. Some models also have lordosis pads.
The braces/supports are most frequently used to treat: low back pain, trauma, infections, muscular weakness, neck conditions, and osteoporosis. Braces, belts, and jackets are designed to immobilize and support the spine when there is a condition that needs to be treated. Depending on the model that is used, they can put the spine in a: neutral, upright, hyper-extended, flexed, or lateral-flexed position.
Spinal bracing is used for a variety of reasons such as to: control pain, lessen the chance of further injury, allow healing to take place, compensate for muscle weakness, or prevent or correct a deformity. More specifically, lumbar corsets and braces compress the abdomen, which increases the intra-abdominal pressure. This act allows pressure on the vertebral column to unload, providing some relief.
There are other reasons bracing is used. One is the theory that they insulate the skin, producing increased warmth that decreases the sensation of pain – much like a heating pad. Another reason is that the increase in abdominal pressure produces hydraulic support for the back. Finally, certain types of movement may cause stress to the pain generators in the back. The decrease in range of movement by using bracing may relieve this type of pain.
Though the effects of bracing are primarily positive, they can lead to a loss of muscle function, due to inactivity. Bracing can sometimes lead to psychological addiction, so that even when the patient is healed and ready to be taken off the back brace, he or she feels dependent upon it for physical support. | <urn:uuid:62611fc9-7d5b-4325-a2e2-d084edfcbd92> | CC-MAIN-2020-34 | https://www.nynjcmd.com/spinal-care/back-neck-braces/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-34/segments/1596439737050.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20200807000315-20200807030315-00105.warc.gz | en | 0.950262 | 1,997 | 3 | 3 |
One of the foundations of modern science is that if something cannot be measured, cannot be observed and verified, it may as well not exist. Science at least attempts to deal with tangible things, such as Newtonian physics, while less tangible things, like the human mind, start to create problems. Scientists strive to be objective, but the human mind is subjectivity itself.
There's debate as to whether the study of the mind, psychology, even qualifies as science. It doesn't help that a lot of what used to masquerade as good psychology is verifiably false. Many of Freud's theories were never proven, but that didn't stop psychologists from treating them like objective facts. That's how religions get created, not how science is supposed to work.
Now science wants to be objective while the mind itself is biased, and it can't help but be biased. Because of this, science tries to steer clear of the human mind as much as possible, while simultaneously being wholly dependent upon the human mind. Science itself was born from the mind, and science itself has no objective existence, it only “exists” within human minds. It's purely subjective objectivity, but that thought creates so much cognitive dissonance within most scientists that they can't help but ignore it.
The trees, the rocks, planet Earth, the Universe, they are what they are, while science is a method for figuring out what they are and how they work. There's a belief that science will lead us to this ultimate truth, this Unified Theory that will explain the base nature of the Universe. The problem is that for every question science answers, two more questions arise. Instead of making the Universe less mysterious, the Universe keeps becoming more mysterious. Primitive, simplistic ideas keep being dispelled, while more and more we get this image of a Universe that's unimaginably complex. The more we know, the more we realize how much we don't know. If nothing else, it's good job insurance for scientists.
Now, back to one of the fundamentals of science, that if something can't be measured, it may as well not exist, at least as far as science is concerned. Compare that to what was discovered through the double-slit experiment, and recently re-confirmed: that reality doesn't exist until you measure it. That can't just be coincidence, that for something to be “real”, at least as far as science is concerned, it has to be measurable, and now science has discovered that reality doesn't exist until it's measured. Science has come full circle, and that ought to be mind-blowing to scientists, but it's another one of those things that creates cognitive dissonance, conflicting thoughts. Science wants answers, yet this opens up all sorts of questions.
One of the obvious questions is, what's reality before it's measured? Of course, Lao Tzu already addressed this thousands of years ago:
The tao that can be told
is not the eternal Tao
The name that can be named
is not the eternal Name.
The unnamable is the eternally real.
Naming is the origin
of all particular things.
That's what science just discovered! To name something, you must qualify and quantify it, which is what measurement is. Then it can be known, and then it can be shared with others, it can be told. The Tao te Ching described one of the fundamentals of quantum physics thousands of years before quantum physics even existed! Difficult to believe that's mere coincidence.
Beyond the measured reality is the Tao, and I could write a whole book about the Tao without ever actually capturing what the Tao is. It's easier to describe it by what it isn't, it's not what you can know. The Tao has plenty of other “names” as well, I like to call it the Unknowable. Many people know it as God, and in the New Age it's often called Source. Of course, the names are all just fingers pointing at the Moon, don't get so caught up in the finger that you miss what it's pointing at. When you see the Moon, who cares about the finger?
The Tao isn't something you can grasp with your mind, it's fundamentally unscientific, it's the realm of the mystic. I know there's many scientists who want to steer clear of mystical things, what they often call “woo”, but it's very difficult to separate mysticism and science. The father of modern science, Newton, was an alchemist and a theologian. The Big Bang theory, the prevailing theory about the origin of the Universe, came from Georges Lemaitre, a Catholic priest who was inspired by Christian theology. Then there's Max Planck, whom quantum physics originated from:
“As a man who has devoted his whole life to the most clear headed science, to the study of matter, I can tell you as a result of my research about atoms this much: There is no matter as such. All matter originates and exists only by virtue of a force which brings the particle of an atom to vibration and holds this most minute solar system of the atom together. We must assume behind this force the existence of a conscious and intelligent mind. This mind is the matrix of all matter.”
I like science, as a quest for knowledge it's a beautiful thing, and science has certainly proven its usefulness. However, it's currently being used as a tool by militaries, governments and major corporations to further their own wealth and power. Where science used to be largely controlled by universities, it's now mainly controlled by private businesses. It's no longer a quest for truth, but a quest for more money.
People are wise to be skeptical of this kind of science. Science isn't being used to discover what's best for humans and their environment, instead the major driving force is corporate profits. Just like with politics, the influence of money has proven over and over again to be a corrupting influence, yet scientists as a whole seem to be okay with this. Of course, they get paid more, so it's not really a mystery as to why many support that system.
A scientific study can say what's best for the average person, the only problem is, there's no such thing as the average person. Even if something is proven to be good for most people, there's no guarantee it's good for you. Science attempts to disregard the anecdotal and the subjective, but the problem with this is that our whole lives are anecdotal and subjective. It's a fact that no human being has ever even seen this objective world that science is so concerned with. Obviously we have this shared experience, but the true nature of it remains a mystery to the limited mind.
The Galactic Free Press
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This is our gift to you! If you enjoyed this message, please consider returning the energy by helping us spread our messages or donating. This will assist us in being able to put more energy into the Galactic Free Press! | <urn:uuid:8f54b43b-953d-4ef8-9ee1-c21540defaf8> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://soundofheart.org/galacticfreepress/content/science-comes-full-circle | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141181482.18/warc/CC-MAIN-20201125071137-20201125101137-00599.warc.gz | en | 0.972713 | 1,453 | 2.6875 | 3 |
Whether you suffer from a sleep disorder or just an occasional night of insomnia, here are some tips to help promote a refreshing night’s sleep:
- Avoid the use of cigarettes close to bedtime or during the night.
- Exercise regularly, but keep vigorous workouts for earlier in the day.
- Try to go to bed only when you are drowsy.
- Avoid ingestion of caffeine within six hours of bedtime.
- Avoid reading, watching TV or other non-sleep related activities in the bed.
- Avoid napping during the daytime. If you nap, try to sleep for no longer than one hour.
- Light snacks before bedtime can help promote sound sleep, but avoid large meals and spicy foods.
- Establish pre-sleep habits to help you relax such as a warm bath, a short period of reading or a light bedtime snack.
- Keep a regular schedule for meals, medications, chores, and other activities. This keeps your body’s inner clock running smoothly.
- If you are not drowsy and are unable to fall asleep after 20 minutes, get up and leave the bedroom and engage in a short period of soothing activity.
- Try to keep a routine of getting up at the same time every day, even on days off work and on weekends.
- Do not use alcohol to help you fall asleep at night. Alcohol disturbs your sleep after the first few hours, and will worsen sleep apnea and some other sleep disorders.
- Establish a “worry period” well before bedtime. Bedtime is not the time to plan the upcoming day or review the events of the previous day.
Call 314-362-4342 to schedule a consultation visit to discuss your current sleep problems, in addition to available treatment options. | <urn:uuid:a5a7c70e-a4b9-4ab3-a469-61cf1ca70b96> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://sleep.wustl.edu/patient-resources/tips-for-sleeping-well/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510516.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20230929122500-20230929152500-00589.warc.gz | en | 0.905875 | 372 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Flying unmanned helicopters for science in Michigan
You might’ve heard that Amazon is hoping to one day deliver packages to your door by little unmanned helicopters.
Now, scientists are getting into the act, too.
“This is our unmanned aerial vehicle; an electronically powered helicopter,” Benjamin Heumann says as he unpacks a 6-foot helicopter. We’re in the middle of a rare wetland called a prairie fen near Chelsea. Heumann directs the Center for Geographic Information Science at Central Michigan University.
“I’m a remote sensing scientist, so I collect and analyze imagery collected from the air or space,” he says.
Usually, scientists like Heumann use images from satellites or manned planes to study ecosystems. But he says this little helicopter lets them see a lot more, in much finer detail.
“With aerial photography, you’re looking at trees. With this sort of thing, we’re looking at flowers, individual flowers. So it really changes the type of analysis we can do,” Heumann says.
He attaches a digital camera and battery packs with industrial strength Velcro.
"Sparrows we win, goose we lose"
Heumann is the pilot. He’ll fly the helicopter with a remote control while his students, Rachel Hackett and John Gross, keep an eye out for anything that could collide with the helicopter.
“Birds do generally stay away, luckily. When I did my training with the manufacturer, the joke was: sparrows we win, goose we lose. But we do keep an eye on the birds because they could come close to it but usually we’re looking for manned aircraft," he says.
This helicopter has a price tag of $70,000, so you kind of want to avoid a crash.
The team does a pre-flight check. And then they call the FAA.
"Yes, I'm calling to notify you about unmanned aero-systems activity," Heumann says over the phone. The FAA clears him for takeoff.
The chopper looks like a giant dragonfly when it’s in the air. It buzzes around above us as Heumann tells it where to go. It takes a photo once every second during the 15-minute flight.
The team does two flights and that’s it for their field day.
More information in less time
Normally, Rachel Hackett would spend a couple days surveying these plants. But she’s not worried remote control helicopters will put her out of a job.
“You definitely need people on the ground to be able to identify the species, because there’s a lot of species that look very similar; (like) a lot of the asters which are one of the dominant families in prairie fens,” she says.
This is the first summer the helicopter’s in the air. They’re also testing it out at Wilderness State Park in northern Michigan and on a farm near Mt. Pleasant.
Heumann says there are not a lot of groups using UAVs for science yet. But he says Michigan State University is using them, and so is the University of Florida.
“So instead of going out and wrestling an alligator and trying to measure how long it is, they take a picture and say, there’s a 10-foot alligator!” he says.
Barriers to using the sky for science
He adds that there are a lot of researchers who’d like to use unmanned aerial vehicles. But he says federal rules are tight, there are piles of paperwork, and sometimes people worry about privacy.
“We only fly on public lands or with permission of the private landowner. It’s quite different than the paparazzi who are using little quad copters to look in people’s bedroom windows. I don’t think you could use this — our airframe — for that, it’s a little loud and it’d be kind of noticeable,” he says with a laugh.
Heumann says the work they’re doing right now is a proof of concept. He hopes to eventually get involved in some big projects that are monitoring the health of the Great Lakes. | <urn:uuid:656b63ff-ecfe-4ee8-b1b8-75eb78426dda> | CC-MAIN-2015-18 | http://michiganradio.org/post/flying-unmanned-helicopters-science-michigan | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-18/segments/1429246661675.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20150417045741-00281-ip-10-235-10-82.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.941527 | 897 | 3.09375 | 3 |
Northern Humboldt High School District teachers and staff are putting the final touches on a strategy aimed to benefit both educators and students by increasing training and gathering more data.
The district received a $4.6 million, five-year grant in 2010 called the Teacher Incentive Fund. Northern Humboldt was one of 62 entities in the nation granted the funds through the U.S. Department of Education. The first installment of the funding was sent out in September, and with it, the district is developing a program called Together Honoring Rigorous Instruction for Valued Education, or THRIVE.
Testing Coordinator Bob Wallace said the basic idea is to provide professional development to train teachers, develop midyear assessments to determine where students are in every subject and reward teachers for student growth. By pinpointing the "power standards" for each course, teachers can better assess how students are progressing.
"All of our course teachers are involved in the same process," Wallace said.
School staff had its fourth full training day of the year on Friday, working to develop assessments for each subject. McKinleyville High School English Department chair Rachel Watson said the collaboration has been beneficial, but also a challenge as there are varying opinions. All classes across the district will have coordinated assessments every six weeks, and Watson said the English departments are still deciding on a format, whether it be multiple choice, writing assignments or some combination.
By assessing students every six weeks, teachers can better track where each pupil is excelling and where they need assistance.
"So the numbers are more concrete, and we're not just going by our gut," Watson said.
At Arcata High School, Kelly Helms teaches vocational technology and business courses, which will likely have different assessments than core classes.
"Multiple choice doesn't really work for us," Helms said of technology classes.
During the year, students work toward building a portfolio in the courses she teaches. A four-point rubric assessment will likely be the option that she and other technology teachers go with. According to a federal Fermilab Office of Science Education article, rubrics provide assessments based on students meeting certain objectives.
The collegiate classroom visits will also be useful so teachers receive more feedback from their peers, she said. It will also allow those that make the visits to "beg, borrow and steal ideas" for their own classrooms, she joked.
The process of creating the assessments has brought out many ideas with course teachers working together.
"The collaboration across the district has been the best part, in my opinion," Helms said.
AHS math teacher Will Bagnall said he looks forward to using the data to see how his students progress and where he needs to focus more time.
"This is something that's never been done before," he said.
Math standards lend themselves to periodic assessments, but now tracking student progress will be consistent across all classes, he said.
"I think it can only be a good thing," Bagnall said.
The district will begin a trial run of the program with collegial classroom observations after spring break.
Allison Edrington can be reached at 441-0506 or email@example.com. | <urn:uuid:e7d6832f-a016-4595-8531-a9899815ed5f> | CC-MAIN-2015-32 | http://www.times-standard.com/20110411/putting-it-all-together-nohum-district-forming-thrive-to-track-student-teacher-progress | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-32/segments/1438042987662.63/warc/CC-MAIN-20150728002307-00270-ip-10-236-191-2.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.970144 | 659 | 2.734375 | 3 |
There is an extensive information regarding the main causes of infertility. There are biological physical causes related to our bodies and non-biological causes related to our energy and well-being.
Regarding to biological causes we can separate them in female and masculine causes.
The female causes are:
– Ovulation disorders: these ones can be related to hormonal disorders, which prevents the egg to be released from the follicle of the ovary. These hormonal disorders may be related to genetic predisposition, disorders in our diet, tumours, injuries. Causes of these disorders can be related to polycystic ovarian disease, hyperprolactinemia, hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism, hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism.
– Endometriosis: which is presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus. This can be painful and affect the function of the ovaries.
– Fallopian tube damage or blockage: | <urn:uuid:2ac2eca7-589b-4006-8dd4-bd11b895d5d8> | CC-MAIN-2018-34 | http://fertilityonline.blogspot.com/2015/09/biological-and-non-biological-causes-of.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-34/segments/1534221210243.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20180815161419-20180815181419-00520.warc.gz | en | 0.89576 | 195 | 2.71875 | 3 |
Marine sediments cover more than two thirds of the Earth’s surface and have been estimated to contain as much as one-third of Earth’s prokaryotic biomass (Whitman et al., 1998). Despite this, relatively little is known about this deep biosphere, and essentially nothing is known about the presence of microbial eukaryotes in sediments deeper than a few centimeters. Through consumption of dissolved organic matter and by selective grazing in subsurface horizons where bacterial and/or archaeal numbers are high, protists and fungi may significantly impact carbon cycling in the marine subsurface.
The first analyses of eukaryotic small subunit ribosomal RNA gene (18S rRNA) sequences obtained from deep marine subsurface sediments, the first metagenome, and a cultivation study based on those samples show that fungi dominate eukaryotic life in the buried marine subsurface. Novel fungi continue to be reported from deep marine environments, and and there is fossil evidence of filamentous structures highly suggestive of fungi within carbonate-filled vesicles within the upper oceanic crust. In collaboration with J. Biddle at U.Del, and A. Teske at UNC Chapel Hill, our group used RNA-based approaches to investigate microbial eukaryote (protist and fungi) communities in deep subsurface samples from around the globe to determine whether fungi dominate the eukaryotic communities in all deep subsurface samples. This study produced intriguing results suggesting that fungi are metabolically active in the subsurface sediment cores studied. We are pursuing a more detailed understanding of the metabolic activities of fungi in the deep marine subsurface and their ecological impact with collaborator Gaetan Burgaud at University of Brest, France, and his postdoc Vanessa Redou. This study involves eukaryote focused transcriptomics, culture studies, and analysis of metabolic activities of cultured isolates from several oceanic provinces. | <urn:uuid:1511adae-cf3e-4808-96ff-aac79d1359ac> | CC-MAIN-2015-32 | http://www.whoi.edu/page.do?pid=80537 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-32/segments/1438042986444.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20150728002306-00231-ip-10-236-191-2.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.93072 | 400 | 2.6875 | 3 |
5 Tips to Get You Started
Before you begin, it's important to understand why kids enjoy playing sports. Here's a hint: it's not about winning.
A survey of 28,000 girls and boys found the No. 1 reason they played sports was because it was "fun," followed by "to do something I'm good at," and "to improve my skills," according to the USTA's parents guide to 10 and Under Tennis. "Winning" didn't even make the top 10.
1. Let them play
Tennis has distinct rules and successful players have spent years developing the techniques and skills required to keep the ball in play. Forget about all the dos and don'ts when you're first introducing a child to tennis.
Once you've covered the very basics, such as how to hold the racquet, encourage unstructured free play using mini-courts and foam or low compression balls that slow down the game and make it easier for kids.
Allowing children to play spontaneously, to experiment and to risk, turns tennis into a haven where they can get away from their over-structured lives and learn to move, play and create on the court, says USTA in its guide.?
2. Keep it short and active
Drop the long lectures on how to properly swing a racquet. Just get them in action. Start with short, fun games that help improve their coordination. For example, the Koosh ball pass is an easy way to start that you can do anywhere.
The Koosh ball pass involves passing a beanbag from your racquet to theirs and back again. Once you've successfully passed it several times, step back and toss gently back and forth. You can make the game more challenging by standing on one leg, tossing the bean bag low or high.
If you have a group of kids, make sure they're always moving. For example, if you've set up a mini-court and more than four children are present, keep them constantly rotating so they're not sitting out for long. Challenge the kids who are sitting on the sidelines to count how many ball bounces or dribbles they can get in a row.
4. Make it fun
If you follow one rule, this is it.??Every time you're about?to introduce a new drill, ask yourself 'Is this fun?' If you aren't sure, it probably ins't.
Check out the USTA's parents' guide to 10 and Under Tennis for fun, easy activities designed for kids.
5. Add friends to the mix
Kids like to play with their friends. So, why invite them along?
If you don't have the resources -- or space -- to include several other children seek out team tennis program geared for young children in your community.
Have some ideas about how to introduce kids to tennis? Share your thoughts and ideas below.
Search for your next tennis event. | <urn:uuid:eca2616b-500b-4e08-ad1e-3147081cdd51> | CC-MAIN-2015-11 | http://www.active.com/parenting-and-family/articles/5-tips-to-get-kids-excited-about-tennis?page=2 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-11/segments/1424936463460.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20150226074103-00207-ip-10-28-5-156.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.964982 | 597 | 2.78125 | 3 |
Music moves us, taps into our power of imagination, and connects us together – regardless of languages and cultural barriers. But being a musician isn’t easy. Some of the best musicians “live fast and die young,” but their contribution to music is undeniable.
Becoming a great musician takes drive, passion, and hard work. If you’re needing some inspiration to motivate yourself from time to time, check out these 10 famous expressions from legendary musicians. May their words of wisdom be with you!
1. Billie Holiday
“You can’t copy anybody and end with anything. If you copy, it means you’re working without any real feeling. No two people on earth are alike, and it’s got to be that way in music or it isn’t music.”
What can we learn from the incredible Ms. Holiday? It’s important to be yourself. That’s the only way you can bring the real depth of emotion and intensity to the music you create.
2. Dizzy Gillespie
“It’s taken me all my life to learn what not to play.”
Silence enhances music. Sometimes it’s not about what you do play, but what you do not play. The temptation to add more is strong, but remember to subtract. Quality triumphs over quantity.
3. Louis Armstrong
“If I don’t practice for a day, I know it… for two days, the critics know it… three days, the public knows it.”
A single key ingredient in improving your musicianship is the amount of time you spend playing well. Deliberate practice builds confidence and consistent performances. And when you don’t practice? It shows.
4. Miles Davis
“You should never be comfortable, man. Being comfortable fouled up a lot of musicians.”
A great bit of advice from Miles Davis! Push yourself hard. When you challenge yourself, you unfold new boundaries. It’s not only about getting better as a performer – you’ll also want to work on building your network, community, songwriting, and so on.
Go beyond your limitations. You might fail, but you might also discover something remarkable.
5. Coleman Hawkins
“If you don’t make mistakes, you aren’t really trying.”
Mistakes are inevitable and indispensable. They enable you to progress. Don’t be discouraged by the mistakes you make. Continue to practice and work hard on areas that give you trouble. Your perseverance is what makes you a great musician.
6. Pat Metheny
“Listening is the key to everything great in music.”
Active listening is critical when playing. It’s engaging, intimate, and focused. It enriches your musical life and helps you unearth and appreciate any piece of music. Read more about what our bassist friend, Chris Tarry, has to say about listening in our interview with him.
7. Thelonious Monk
“I say, play your own way. Don’t play what the public want – you play what you want and let the public pick up on what you[‘re] doing – even if it does take them fifteen, twenty years.”
Don’t let the voice of others cloud your own music. People come and go in life, so take your time and focus your attention on bettering yourself.
8. John Cage
“I can’t understand why people are frightened of new ideas. I’m frightened of the old ones.”
Don’t be afraid to experiment with new things. It’s a great way to explore your creativity as a musician.
9. Jeff Beck
“I don’t care about the rules. If I don’t break the rules at least 10 times every song, then I’m not doing my job.”
Innovate! Go beyond what’s been established. It’s how music evolves. Venture out and find new ways of doing things or creating new sounds. You might even find a new way to get a deep understanding of the fundamentals of music.
10. Louis Armstrong
“Musicians don’t retire; they stop when there’s no more music in them.”
We couldn’t help but list the great Louis Armstrong twice! His musical advice is timeless. Remember: age is just a number. If you love what you do, you’ll keep on doing it.
What’s your favorite music quote? Share with us in the comments below!
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Try 7 days free! | <urn:uuid:f329701c-179a-481a-af31-d9c552179969> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | https://www.musical-u.com/learn/famous-musician-quotes/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257646875.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20180319101207-20180319121207-00280.warc.gz | en | 0.914571 | 1,120 | 2.578125 | 3 |
The Christmas Star of Bethlehem features in Matthew’s story of the wise men. Your kids will love making simple Star of Bethlehem ornaments.
Christmas is a wonderful time to spend with family, making crafts to gift and to keep.
This Christmas season, make ornaments that will help your kids consider the biblical story of the coming of Jesus.
The Star of Bethlehem
Read Matthew 2:1-12 with your kids.
Before making your ornaments, discuss:
- Where was Jesus born? (Matthew 2:1)
- Who was the king at that time? (Matthew 2:1)
- Who came to see Jesus? (Matthew 2:1)
- How did they know he had been born? What did they come to do? (Matthew 2:2)
- What prophecy did they chief priests and scribes know about Jesus? (Matthew 2:3-6)
- How did Herod scheme against Jesus? How did God protect Jesus from Herod? (Matthew 2:7-8, 12)
- Where did the wise men find the star? (Matthew 2:9)
- How did the wise men react to young Jesus? Why did they react that way? (Matthew 2:9-11)
- Who sent the star to rest over the place where Jesus was? Why was Jesus worthy of worship? (God, Jesus is God the Son in human flesh–fully God and fully human)
Take time to talk to your kids about the Star of Bethlehem before you create your ornaments.
Christmas Star of Bethlehem Ornaments
Check out this fun video of the Star of Bethlehem ornaments!
Tips for Making Bible Crafts with Kids
Doing art projects with kids can be a challenge. For that reason, many parents forgo this valuable time altogether. As an art major and a parent who has done frequent art projects with my four children, I have a few suggestions for you.
- Cover your space. Use painting drop cloths and plastic to keep your furniture and flooring protected.
- Cover your kids. Grab a couple of your old T-shirts and throw them over your kids, buy them painting aprons, or designate clothes specifically for crafting.
- Do the prep work in advance. Do as much prep work for a project as you can before you get the kids involved. Not everything on the page needs to be their work. It’s OK to help.
- Schedule several short sessions for one project. Children need several days to be able to create larger projects. Art is time-consuming and requires energy.
- Encourage your kids. Children are likely to be frustrated by the disconnect in the artwork they envision and the art they actually create. Remind your kids that they improve every time they create, and tell them how much you love their work (even if you don’t know what it is!). Also, stick figures are fabulous.
- Operate the hot glue gun and X-ACTO knife. Hot glue burns are terrible and X-ACTO knives are razor sharp. Until your kids are old enough to cook, I’d advise you do the hot gluing and razor cutting. For this project, you may want to pre-cut the Nativity Scene.
Supplies Needed to Make Your Christmas Star of Bethlehem Ornaments
You’ll need a few supplies to make your project. You may have a few of these items already. If not, these are all fairly inexpensive and will serve you well for multiple projects.
Air Dry Modeling Clay; 2.2 lb., WhiteRolling Pins and Mat with Star & Heart Cookie CuttersStar Cookie Cutter Set – 3 Piece – Stainless Steel2 Wooden Handle Clay ToolsChristmas Baker’s Jute Twine160 Christmas Wood BeadsTapestry Needles
- Air Dry Clay (White)
- Rolling Pins and Mat
- Star Cookie Cutter
- Clay Cutting Knife
- Decorative Beads
- Tapestry Needles
Make Your Christmas Star of Bethlehem Ornaments
Here are the steps for your star ornaments:
1) Roll out the clay for your Star of Bethlehem ornaments.
Knead the clay on your rolling pin board, then roll the clay into a ball.
Use your rolling pin to flatten the clay ball to about 1/4 inch.
Books Make Great Christmas Gifts!
Help Your Kids Learn and Love the BibleWho was Martin Luther? (Who What Why)What was the Gutenberg Bible? (Who What Why)Why did the Reformation Happen? (Who What Why)When Lightning Struck!: The Story of Martin LutherWonderfully Made: God’s Story of Life from Conception to Birth
2) Cut out your Christmas stars.
Peel the excess clay away from your Christmas star cutouts.
Smooth the rough edges of each star with your finger tips.
Use a tapestry needle to make a hole in each Star of Bethlehem ornament that is big enough for your twine to pass through.
3) Let your clay ornaments air dry overnight.
Your Star of Bethlehem ornaments need time to dry before they are painted and decorated, so set them aside in a warm, safe place overnight… like your laundry room or on top of the fridge.
4) Paint and decorate your Christmas Star of Bethlehem ornaments.
Fold the twine in half, and thread a few beads onto the twine. Then, knot the top of the twine.
Your Christmas Star of Bethlehem ornaments are perfect for hanging on your tree or tying onto Christmas gifts or cookies for the neighbors!
Great Books about Jesus, the Reason for Christmas
30 Prophecies: One Story: How God’s Word Points to JesusThe History of Christmas: 2,000 Years of Faith, Fable and FestivityI Spy At Christmas: Jesus is More Important than Crackers and TinselThe Christmas Story: The Bible VersionThe Very First ChristmasThe Very First Christmas
Help Your Kids Learn and Love the Bible
Looking for a family discipleship book that will give you a crash course in leading your kids through God’s Word? I’ve got you covered.
You want your kids to learn and love the Bible.
You want to teach the Bible…
As parents, we deeply desire the best for our kids. We look for the right schools, we make them eat right and exercise, and we get them involved in extracurricular activities. We take our job as parents seriously.
But are we also putting our time and energy into
teaching them the Bible? Giving them the life-changing, soul-nourishing words of Scripture is not only doable, it’s an essential part of parenting kids for Jesus. And the good news is, studying God’s Word as a family doesn’t have to be difficult!
2 Timothy 2:15, ESV, says:
Do your best to present yourself to God as one approved,
a worker who has no need to be ashamed, rightly handling the word of truth.
Our job, as parents who love Jesus, is to help our kids become approved workers, unashamed and rightly handling the word of truth.
The good news? Teaching the Bible isn’t hard. Your family can learn the Bible together.
…and you can!
A Crash Course in Teaching the Bible to Your Kids
Danika Cooley’s book, Help Your Kids Learn and Love the Bible, will give you the tools and confidence to study the Bible as a family. It will help you identify and overcome your objections and fears, give you a crash course in what the Bible is all about and how to teach it, and provide the guidance you need to set up a family Bible study habit.
You will finish this book feeling encouraged and empowered to initiate and strengthen your child’s relationship with the Lord through His Word.
Help Your Kids Learn and Love the Bible will equip you with everything you need to know to teach the Bible to your kids!
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Teach your children to pray with this fun project that includes 7 printable sets! | <urn:uuid:b12d1fd1-892d-4318-bca5-cd86af4f249a> | CC-MAIN-2021-49 | https://www.thinkingkidsblog.org/christmas-star-of-bethlehem-ornaments/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-49/segments/1637964362619.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20211203091120-20211203121120-00118.warc.gz | en | 0.924662 | 1,729 | 2.890625 | 3 |
There is much talk today about a universal skill set which is important to develop to be a successful person. This set of skills is not directed to work but to developing the whole person. The set assumes the basic skills such as reading and writing and some computer knowledge etc. If you like the idea of them, it would be easy to at least introduce your child to them and work on them as a family.
Many of these a common sense but it is good to see them in a list. There is some debate about what should be included in the skill set but the general ones are:
1. Being able to manage and to prioritise your time
This is about learning to focus and separate what is important from what is not. It is especially important in our busy society with many distractions.
2. Having an organised, clean space
Our exterior spaces do have an influence on our interior selves. If the spaces we live in are clean and organised, the chances are that our thinking will reflect that. If we can find what we need easily, it saves time and helps us focus.
3. Ability to think critically and analyse information
In the Information Age in which we live, it is essential to be able to sift what is important and what is not; and to relate different pieces of information to one another.
4. Making informed decisions
This is about being able to respond well to situations with the information you have. Part of this is also know how to find information you may need to make important decisions.
5. Having at least a basic understanding of money and budgeting
This is an important skill to help you survive in our society.
6. Being able to communicate and negotiate effectively
Avoid reading other people’s minds and expecting them to read yours. Most problems begin with poor communication. Speak honestly and give others a voice. Communication includes good written expression.
7. Being able to relax
Increasingly stress is identified as a significant factor in health and social issues. Slow down. Breath. Give yourself permission to take a short break. Relaxation can help us reflect on our work or lives. A good sense of humour is part of relaxation.
8. Relationship networking
Having a good network can help the flow of ideas and information and provide some support when needed. Being a team player is important in many life situations.
9. Be positive
Attitude is vital! We don’t see things as they are; we see things as we are. People who are optimistic see the world as providing many opportunities. As the saying goes: fake it till you make it: Even when you don’t feel positive, don’t act out of your emotions.
This is a skill and is the ability to focus and overcome distractions. It involves acting from your thoughts not your feelings and can require sacrifice.
At Angel’s Paradise, we seek to develop these skills in our everyday planning and programs. | <urn:uuid:2fb99312-9f04-441b-a7aa-be23fb789998> | CC-MAIN-2021-25 | https://www.angelsparadise.com.au/makes-successful-person/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-25/segments/1623487625967.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20210616155529-20210616185529-00639.warc.gz | en | 0.957868 | 604 | 2.890625 | 3 |
There is no true substitute for proper and timely sleep in order to maintain the physical and mental health of human body. Sleep ensures that the body gets adequate rest and it serves as a sort of repair mechanism for the body, ensuring we are fit and fine to perform our regular duties. People suffering from insomnia face immense difficulty in going to sleep. Even though they close their eyes,they continue to feel restless and alert. Even a slight disturbance can wake them up.
Lack of sleep used to be a common problem in individuals who are over 50 years old, but the problem has become widespread these days with middle aged people and even youngsters falling prey to sleep sickness or insomnia. Changing lifestyle patterns and anxiety pertaining to education, jobs, personal lives, etc are some of the common factors. Moreover, insomnia is not a disease, but is more of a symptom.It may occur as a result of medical conditions like hypertension, diabetes, vertigo and even psychological conditions like obsessive compulsive disorder , schizophrenia, delusions, hallucinations,etc.
Insomnia is categorized as primary insomnia and secondary insomnia.While the former involves acute and chronic insomnia, the latter involves temporary insomnia. This condition leads to heightened levels of stress and anxiety in human body due to an increase in the levels of cytokines in the body. In turn, insomnia can also lead to many conditions and problems like headache, vertigo, hypertension, diabetes, vision problems, difficulty in walking, altered tooth, reduced power of thought and analysis.
As in any condition, homeopathy offers a long lasting cure by working on the root cause of the conditions.The treatment method addresses the major ailment that causes insomnia like depression, physical health problems, etc, and also triggers brain cells, lowering the levels of cytokine production.
Homeopathy acts remarkably in reducing hallucinations in people and halting the abnormal discharge of electrons in the brain. Homeocare International offers a new hope for people suffering due to sleep sickness, assuring a new phase of health and happiness.
For a free consultation,contact: 1800-108-1212
Homeocare International Pvt.Ltd,
For more Details log on to:- http://www.homeocare.in/ | <urn:uuid:5c4bed72-34fc-4d44-9c9e-31d31d0199ce> | CC-MAIN-2017-47 | http://blog.homeocare.in/overcome-insomnia-through-homeocare.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-47/segments/1510934809746.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20171125090503-20171125110503-00032.warc.gz | en | 0.929125 | 446 | 2.515625 | 3 |
A ‘Long Walk’ to learn empathy
Loveland Intermediate School (LIS) sixth grade students walking the sidewalks of Loveland neighborhoods with gallon jugs of water in tow; it was not your typical classroom experience Friday, Oct. 20 – but it was a learning opportunity now in its fourth year. Called “Walk for Water” the students read the book “A Long Walk to Water” by Linda Sue Park, which is based on a true story about the difficulty to obtain clean water in Africa. The 1.2 miles the students walk – again, gallon jugs of water in tow – is symbolic; they carry the water to represent the very real water crisis in Africa.
“I continue this lesson each year because I think it is important to teach our students that there are many people in the world who struggle to survive each day and that we should always be grateful for what we have,” said LIS English Teacher Jennifer Kirby. “For most of us, our worst day does not even come close to comparing to what people in less fortunate areas of the world struggle with.”
In addition to the walk, students raised $7382.06 to help build a well in South Sudan, surpassing the goal of $6,000. Students also donated about 400 gallons of water to Matthew 25: Ministries.
“Each year I continue to be amazed that our students take the main character, Salva's, story to heart and go above and beyond the goal that we set,” said Kirby. “I hope that the take away for the students is that one person can make a difference. I hope they think of the children of the village where our well will be built and know that they have made the lives of those children and their families so much better.”
Photo caption: Loveland Intermediate School students walked 1.2 miles carrying gallon jugs of water and raised more than $7,000 to combat the water crisis in Africa during a special lesson Friday, Oct. 20. | <urn:uuid:1a79fae9-19a6-4c5b-b2a4-dd34edb1bc09> | CC-MAIN-2018-22 | http://www.lovelandschools.org/protected/ArticleView.aspx?iid=50PIPI&dasi=3IU2 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-22/segments/1526794867309.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20180526033945-20180526053945-00303.warc.gz | en | 0.969043 | 420 | 2.859375 | 3 |
Down syndrome is a genetic disease resulting from a chromosomal abnormality. An individual with Down syndrome inherits all or part of an extra copy of Chromosome 21. Symptoms associated with the syndrome include mental retardation, distinctive facial characteristics, and increased risk for heart defects and digestive problems, which can range from mild to severe. The risk of having a child with Down syndrome rises with the mother's age at the time of conception.
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Down syndrome is a condition that was first described in the mid-1860s by Dr. Langdon Down in England who noticed that there are number of individuals who had some of the same sorts of facial features and also tended to have impaired intellectual abilities. Back in the 19th century, there were no good ideas to what caused Down syndrome. Actually, it took almost 100 years after Dr. Down first noticed this condition for us to figure out that it's caused by having an extra copy of Chromosome 21, which is often referred to as Trisomy 21 for the fact that there are three, or "tri", copies of Chromosome 21 rather than the usual two copies of the chromosome that most people have. We know that by having this extra chromosome that it causes some of the problems with brain development that can lead to the impaired intellectual development that's common in individuals with Down syndrome, as well as some of the typical facial and other features that we've seen in individuals with Down syndrome. But we've also come to learn that while there are some commonalities amongst individuals with Down syndrome, there is great diversity amongst people with Down syndrome. Great diversity in terms of intellectual abilities and great diversity in terms of physical features and other sorts of things.
Alan E. Guttmacher, M.D.
Former Acting Director, National Human Genome Research Institute
Dr. Alan Guttmacher is the former acting director of the National Human Genome Research Institute, helping oversee the institute's efforts in advancing genome research, integrating the benefits of genome research into healthcare, and exploring the ethical, legal and social implications of human genomics. Dr. Guttmacher received his M.D. from Harvard Medical School in 1981. From 1982 to 1985, he completed an internship and residency in pediatrics at Children's Hospital Boston. In 1985, he earned a two-year National Research Service Award from the US Public Health Service as a fellow in medical genetics at Children's Hospital Boston and Harvard Medical School. | <urn:uuid:0dd788f8-5952-4bae-8040-bf860bfe915c> | CC-MAIN-2017-47 | https://www.genome.gov/glossary/index.cfm?id=54 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-47/segments/1510934805708.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20171119172232-20171119192232-00688.warc.gz | en | 0.96333 | 517 | 3.71875 | 4 |
Main Menu Sites
Age. Bulk of fauna ca. 4,855±70 (DIC-591) (Gillespie, pers. commun.), but woodrat middens within the shelter are dated at as 5,550±130 (A-2115), 9,460±160 (A-2116), 10,030±150 (A-2123), 10,500±250 (A-2411), 10,600±200 (A-2139) (Betancourt and Van Devender 1981). Lemmiscus suggested as earlier than rest of fauna (Gillespie, pers. commun. 1981).
General Description. Atlatl Cave is located on the north wall of Chaco Canyon.
The faunal elements listed here are, according to Gillespie (1985), early Holocene (Lemmiscus curtatus) and middle Holocene (Sigmodon hispidus and Microtus ochrogaster). The presence of Sagebrush Vole may indicate that it was able to hang on south of its present range until middle Holocene climatic change extirpated it. Sigmodon hispidus and Microtus ochrogaster are covered here because they are of interest in terms of biogeography and how relatively moderate climatic changes may allow notable geographic range changes.
The Hispid Cotton Rat currently occurs at some distance to the south and east, and the Prairie Vole reaches west only into northeastern New Mexico in our area. Neither makes it even close to the San Juan Basin nor, in northern New Mexico, close to the continental divide that, today, is inhospitable habitat for these rodents. Their presence, along with the occurrences in the middle and late Holocene of the Yellow-faced Pocket Gopher (Lyman 1983), suggest that warm grasslands allowed these taxa to pass over the continental divide. Once west of the divide, a wide area of lowland habitat would have been available.
Lemmiscus curtatus—Sagebrush Vole
Microtus ochrogaster—Prairie Vole
Sigmodon hispidus—Hispid Cotton Rat
Literature. Betancourt and Van Devender 1981; Gillespie 1985; Lyman 1983.
Last Update: 4 Oct 2008 | <urn:uuid:84780391-4958-44dc-ab12-c7708b03e45d> | CC-MAIN-2016-07 | http://www.utep.edu/leb/pleistNM/sites/atlatlcave.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-07/segments/1454701157212.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20160205193917-00143-ip-10-236-182-209.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.882087 | 472 | 2.8125 | 3 |
Health Benefits of Doenjang during covid19 pandemics
What is Doenjang?
Doenjang or soybean paste is a kind of fermented bean paste made totally of soybean and saline solution. It is additionally a result of soup soy sauce creation. It is here and there utilized as a relish. Doenjang is made totally of matured soybean and saline solution. Soup soy sauce is likewise made during the doenjang creation.
How Doenjang Produced?
Meju, a Korean soybean block, is made around ipdong toward the beginning of November. Soybeans are splashed, for the time being, bubbled in saltwater, and afterward beat in a mortar (jeolgu) or coarsely ground in a grindstone. About a doe (≈1.8 liters) or two does of beat soybean is pieced, compacted, and molded into a solid shape or a circle called meju. The meju blocks are then dried in a cool, concealed territory for seven days to a little while until firm. At the point when the blocks solidify, they are attached with rice straws to the roof of the house, or put in the warm ondol live with rice straws, foraging. In Jeongwol, the main month of the lunar year, all-around aged meju blocks are washed and sun-dried.
Health Benefits of Doenjang-
Doenjang is plentiful in flavonoids and advantageous nutrients, minerals, and plant hormones (phytoestrogens) which are some of the time professed to have anticarcinogenic properties. In Korean conventional dinners, the menu has focused on vegetables and rice, yet doenjang, which is made of soybeans, has a lot of lysines, a basic amino corrosive that rice needs. Linoleic corrosive (53% of the unsaturated fats) and linolenic corrosive (8% of the unsaturated fats) have a significant part in the ordinary development of veins and the anticipation of vein related ailment. Doenjang’s adequacy actually exists in the wake of bubbling, in dishes, for example, doenjang jjigae.
Doenjang is viable in forestalling malignant growth. Soybeans, the fundamental element of doenjang, contain excellent proteins as amino acids which acids help absorption. Plentiful measures of nutrient An and C can be enhanced by adding pumpkins when making doenjang. Doenjang is additionally powerful in forestalling and treating clogging and lose bowels by expanding the exercises of the digestive organs. What’s more, Doenjang Contains high amounts of isoflavones which are hostile to cancer-causing. The maturation cycle of doenjang makes it significantly more powerful here than with new soybeans. It additionally brings down pulse, mitigates clogging, and brings down circulatory strain. It is against maturing and wealthy in enemies of oxidants. Matured soybean glue is likewise brimming with flavonoids, nutrients, minerals, and hormones.
All matured nourishments, doenjang is the best in treating disease. The counter malignant growth properties of doenjang don’t vanish in any event when the glue is bubbled or warmed. As per one investigation performed on mice with malignancy, mice that were taken care of doenjang jjigae (a customary Korean soup produced using soybean glue), had 80% fewer disease cells than those that were definitely not. Day by day utilization of doenjang is one of the 15 guidelines for malignancy counteraction set out by the Korean Cancer Association. The malignancy forestalling properties of doenjang are in effect formally perceived by increasingly more wellbeing establishments and specialists. Late examinations have uncovered that doenjang is viable in regarding disease as well as forestalling it.
Lowers circulatory strain-
The histamine-leucine amino corrosive in doenjang is viable in improving the physiological actuation of the protein, which lightens cerebral pains, brings down circulatory strain, and decreases blood cholesterol. Therefore, veins become considerably more flexible.
Strengthens the liver-
The liver is one of the main organs of our body, as it appropriates supplements to each piece of the body. Conventional doenjang is viable in reestablishing liver capacities and detoxifying the liver. It additionally lessens the initiation of glycosyltransferase, an estimation of the liver toxin. Numerous examinations indicating the liver reinforcing properties of doenjang have been delivered.
Doenjang is successful in detoxifying the toxins in fish, meat, vegetables, and mushrooms. They are likewise valuable in detoxifying snake toxin and honey bee poison.
The lecithin in soybeans builds mind action. Saponin, another substance found in soybeans, is a practical substance that brings down blood cholesterol levels and forestalls maturing and decrepit dementia by stifling the arrangement of greasy peroxide. Moreover, doenjang contains cancer prevention agents substances that moderate the maturing cycle. The forces of these substances are fortified in the maturing and maturing measure. Simultaneously, it has likewise been indicated that the remarkable sautéing marvel of doenjang assumes a huge part in forestalling maturing.
Doenjang is food that all the while expands hunger and is effectively edible. There is no compelling reason to stress over acid reflux while having doenjang for lunch. As indicated by conventional Korean cures, acid reflux can be restored by eating slim doenjang soup.
Prevention of osteoporosis-
Isoflavone subsidiaries, otherwise called vegetable estrogen, forestall the re-assimilation of bones and help make the new bone tissue. In this manner, it is viable in forestalling female osteoporosis. VitaminD, which is bountiful in mushrooms, helps the retention of calcium and makes our bones more grounded.
Partial treatment of diabetes-
Melanoidin upgrades the emission of insulin and treats diabetes. Counteraction of stoppage and fat Pumpkins, mushrooms, and grain are wealthy in fiber. Fiber forestalls weight, treats and forestalls stoppage, and helps assimilation by quickening digestive tract action.
Prevention of heart illnesses and cerebrum tumors-
Protein found in mushrooms refines our blood, controls coagulation, and diminishes blood consistency. Subsequently, it is powerful in forestalling mind tumors and heart infections.
Treatment of spots and skin staining-
Linolenic corrosive fixes spots and skin staining by forestalling the compounding of melanin. Mushrooms and pumpkins make the skin look glossy and solid, and furthermore fix skin break out and hypersensitive skin infections.
Suggested Doenjang Brand you can purchase-
This profound, crazy doenjang (articulated dwen-jahng) is rich and flavorful. Add a touch of this strangely tasty normally matured soybean glue to your dish, you got a moment to move up to your flavor. Jookjangyeon doenjang is pungent, exquisite with a touch of funk (think blue cheddar). Cook, blend, or plunge, mess around with Jookjangyeon Doenjang to add profundity and flavor to your #1 dish. Keeping the customary procedure that has been passed down for ages, it takes 1,000 days to age each container of Jookjangyeon Doenjang. Made with just normal fixings, matured soybeans, 3-yr sun-dried ocean salt, separated regular bedrock water, and above all, time. No substance added substances, for example, additives, fake colorings, or engineered preparing. Just the unstoppable force of life and insight of time in this container. Without gluten. You can buy it from Kimcmarket. | <urn:uuid:60953877-5937-4630-acb8-6ddf6d6f817d> | CC-MAIN-2021-31 | https://rewardbloggers.com/blog/17973/post | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-31/segments/1627046153980.55/warc/CC-MAIN-20210730185206-20210730215206-00481.warc.gz | en | 0.915706 | 1,676 | 2.75 | 3 |
Who Wrote The Bible?
Who Wrote the Bible - A Letter from God
“Who wrote the Bible” is a question that is undoubtedly asked by many who are familiar with the impact this book has made on people around the world. The Bible gives guidance in our journey through life to eternity, as well as leads us to a relationship with the God of the universe. It is a historical book that is backed by archeology, and a prophetic book that has lived up to all of its claims thus far. In light of all these facts, asking, “who wrote the bible,” is a vital question that deserves serious investigation and a serious response. The Bible is God’s letter to humanity collected into 66 books written by 40 divinely inspired writers. These writers come from all walks of life (i.e., kings to fishermen) and spans over a period of 1,500 years or more. These claims may seem dramatic (or unrealistic to some), but a careful and honest study of the biblical scriptures will show them to be true.
Who Wrote the Bible - Evidence of Divine Inspiration
“Who wrote the Bible” is a question that can be definitively answered by examining the biblical texts in light of the external evidences that supports its claims. 2 Timothy 3:16 states that “All scripture is inspired by God….” In 2 Peter 1:20-21, Peter reminds the reader to “know this first of all, that no prophecy of scripture is a matter of one’s own interpretation, …but men moved by the Holy Spirit spoke from God.” The Bible itself tells us that it is God who is the author of His book.
God does not leave us with just claims of His divine handiwork in the Bible, but also supports it with compelling evidence. The design of the Bible itself is a miracle. Written over more than 1,500 years by vastly different writers, yet every book in the Bible is consistent in its message. These 66 books talk about history, prophecy, poetry, and theology. Despite their complexity, differences in writing styles and vast time periods, the books of the Bible agree miraculously well in theme, facts and cross-referencing. No human beings could have planned such an intricate combination of books over a 1,500-year time span. Bible manuscripts (remember, there were no printing presses until 1455) have survived despite weather, persecution and time. Most ancient writings written on weak materials like papyrus have vanished all together. Yet many copies of the Old Testament scriptures survived. For instance, the Dead Sea Scrolls contain all books of the Old Testament, except Esther, and have been dated to before the time of Christ. Consider Julius Caesar’s Gallic Wars. Only ten copies written about 1,000 years after the event are in existence. In comparison, there are over 24,000+ New Testament manuscripts, the earliest one dating to within 24 years after Christ.
The Bible also validates its divine authorship through fulfilled prophecies. An astonishing 668 prophecies have been fulfilled and none have ever been proven false (three are unconfirmed). An honest study of biblical prophecy will compellingly show the divine authorship of the Bible. Further, archeology confirms (or in some cases supports) accounts in the biblical record. No other holy book comes close to the Bible in the amount of evidence supporting its divine authorship.
Who Wrote the Bible - A Question of Eternal Significance
“Who Wrote the Bible” is indeed a question that everyone must ask. If indeed it is the Word of the living God, then no other book gives us more insight into our lives, more hope for our future, and a true path to a relationship with God. Search the Bible with openness and honesty and see for yourself what the Creator of the universe wants to tell you!
What is your response?
Yes, today I am deciding to follow Jesus
Yes, I am already a follower of Jesus
I still have questions | <urn:uuid:89756ae2-6955-44ec-ac22-0cb6af0ca02a> | CC-MAIN-2016-26 | http://www.allabouttruth.org/Who-Wrote-The-Bible.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-26/segments/1466783393442.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20160624154953-00078-ip-10-164-35-72.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957505 | 827 | 2.734375 | 3 |
Department or Administrative Unit
Although textbooks in intermediate microeconomics and managerial economics discuss the first-order condition for profit maximization (marginal revenue equals marginal cost) for pure competition and monopoly, they tend to ignore the second-order condition (marginal cost cuts marginal revenue from below). Mathematical economics textbooks also tend to provide only tangential treatment of the necessary and sufficient conditions for profit maximization. This paper fills the void in the textbook literature by combining mathematical and graphical analysis to more fully explain the profit maximizing hypothesis under a variety of market structures and cost conditions. It is intended to be a useful primer for all students taking intermediate level courses in microeconomics, managerial economics, and mathematical economics. It also will be helpful for students in Master’s and Ph.D. programs in economics and in MBA programs. Moreover, the paper provides instructors with an effective supplement when explaining the profit-maximization concept to students
Carbaugh, R. & Prante, T. (2011). A primer on profit maximization. Journal for Economic Educators, 11(2), 34-45.
Journal for Economic Educators
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 International License. | <urn:uuid:573a0a76-1349-47df-b303-740af2163bc2> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://digitalcommons.cwu.edu/cobfac/123/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506320.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922002008-20230922032008-00326.warc.gz | en | 0.801574 | 281 | 2.625 | 3 |
” … an encyclopedia for creative activism.”Sandra Cuff, Vancouver Media Co-op
“Gandhi’s greatness lay in doing what everyone could do but doesn’t.”—Louis Fischer, Gandhi’s biographer1
Any collection of creative actions worth its salt would include a reference to Gandhi’s famous march — and the conversation would be flavored with strategic and practical lessons still resonant today.
In 1930, the Indian National Congress adopted satyagraha (essentially, nonviolent protest) as their main tactic in their campaign for independence. Mahatma Gandhi was appointed to develop a plan of action; he proposed marching to the sea to make salt in defiance of the Salt Act of 1882. Violation of the Salt Act, which made it illegal for anyone to collect or produce salt except for authorized British nationals, did not immediately catch the imagination of the delegates, and was reportedly met with some laughter in the Congress. The Raj (as the British empire in India was known) did not take this idea as much of a threat either. Viceroy Lord Irwin actually wrote back to London to report, “At present the prospect of a salt campaign does not keep me awake at night.”
This would soon change, however, as the salt march, which began with about eighty men, quickly gathered supporters on its way to the Indian Ocean. Gandhi framed the 240-mile march from his ashram to the sea within a traditional cultural practice known as the padyatra (a long spiritual march). Not only did this help make the whole program more understandable to the Indian public, it opened up the possibility to do outreach, gather more supporters, educate and provide training, and work the national and international press. Advance teams worked the route and followers slept out in the open in each town to be more accessible.
When he and more than 12,000 supporters finally reached the sea, the day chosen to make salt was the ten-year anniversary of the first round of national resistance actions. The British were slow to react at first, allowing more Indians to join in the protest. As salt making spread, and the British responded brutally, the empire’s facade of civility slipped and then fell away entirely.
The salt march had profound cultural resonance for Indians across lines of caste and class because Gandhi did his strategic planning homework by travelling (always third class) all over India for a year.3 In the process of talking the pulse of the country, he recognized that in order to attract unified masses across caste and religious lines, the campaign to win something as ethereal as independence needed to be linked to a tangible manifestation of that demand. The more it affected or appealed to the poor and lower classes, and the greater the benefit for the majority of Indians, the greater the chance of expanding the movement, and therefore winning.
When people could hold the physical distillation of their labor — salt — in their hands, the esoteric, long-term goal of independence became concrete and immediate. This was action design at its most brilliant.
The act of marching and the culminating act of making salt by the sea’s edge, while seemingly simple, actually offered the masses a chance to act courageously through both coordinated and dispersed action. As the march attracted more adherents, and as the movement grew, so the pillars of the empire’s power see THEORY: Pillars of support were seriously undermined. The salt march set the stage for India’s eventual independence as Indians and Brits alike realized that rule was not practicable without the consent of the governed. That consent had dissolved into the sea.
Making salt married an improvement in quality of life to political aspirations for independence, and provided a pattern for “constructive work” that was the backbone of a myriad of Indian resistance efforts, which included advocacy of homespun cloth, schools and gardens. In fact, the entire march was set up to prefigure an alternative way of life and social structure that modeled an ideal (and economically self-reliant) Indian society and prepared Indians to assume political leadership.
The public defiance of the salt march put the empire in a classic double bind: Each salt maker arrested would become a martyr for the movement and expose the brutal hand of the regime. Of course, by doing nothing, they also gave space for the movement to grow, and even worse, for onlookers to think that the English had either lost the will or the ability to control the situation.
Challenging the British Salt Tax perfectly embodied the injustice of the British rule. The burden of this regressive tax fell disproportionately on those who could least afford it. It also provided a way for anyone with access to seawater — upper class or untouchable, Hindu or Muslim — to participate. Outreach and education events were used throughout the march to broaden its reach. | <urn:uuid:51b63042-2b21-40e9-bb09-ea2c0bc8d6a5> | CC-MAIN-2019-39 | https://beautifultrouble.org/case/the-salt-march/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-39/segments/1568514573439.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20190919040032-20190919062032-00347.warc.gz | en | 0.972254 | 993 | 3.671875 | 4 |
Is it okay to want nice things? Is it acceptable to be stereotypical? Do people really mean what they say? These are just a few of the questions explored in David Ives’ “Ancient History,” directed by Will Sartorius ’16. Performed in the Benjamin Mayes Center, this two-person play reminded its viewers of the inherent flaws in human nature and the ways that people do or do not overcome them.
When the house lights dimmed and the set went to black, the anticipation level in the audience was immediately palpable. When the lights came up we meet the couple around whom the play revolves, Jack and Ruth, played by Jonah Greenawalt ’16 and Natalie Silver ’16 respectively. There is nothing outwardly remarkable about these two. They are ordinary people in their mid-thirties.
As the play progressed, however, the audience was given access to the subconscious thoughts of both Ruth and Jack. You may ask, how is this possible? How is it possible to show a person’s thoughts to the audience during a live performance? With the ring of a telephone and a spotlight, Sartorius created an environment that allowed the audience to step inside the characters’ minds in order to see what they were thinking but not outwardly voicing.
As the play goes on, Ruth’s Jewish roots and Jack’s Catholic ones start to cross more and more. Finally, Ruth is able to vocalize that she craves a house in the suburbs with a white picket fence and 2.1 children while Jack is still completely content being a quasi-socialist who lives on six thousand dollars a year.
Let us not forget that the entire play happens in the span of one night, just seventy minutes for the audience. In those seventy minutes, however, the audience becomes attached to the characters in front of them.
The chemistry between the two characters, so carefully cultivated by Greenawalt and Silver, makes it all the more heartbreaking when the couple makes their inevitable split. Greenawalt said, “The most gratifying part of the project has been building the chemistry between Nat and I. Playing a couple that’s been in a long-term relationship requires a deep familiarity that I think we’ve really cultivated over the past few months of rehearsal.” The empathy that these two actors are able to extract from the audience is a direct correlation to their stellar acting.
Greenawalt noted that, while playing his character, “There’s usually room for spontaneity. The script paints him as an off-the-cuff, overly performative guy, so I’ve never felt like I have to hold back.” This breathing room Ives left for the actor in the script allowed for a more fluid performance and believable portrayal of the character.
It is also important to recognize all the hard work that goes on behind the scenes. There are many steps to executing a play such as this, including directing. Sartorius said that the best part of directing for him is “the sense of creative collaboration. It’s amazing what can happen when you combine a handful of very talented, motivated people.” Successful collaboration behind the scenes translates to a stronger performance by the actors on stage. This production certainly reflected this.
Sartorius was originally thinking that he wanted to do a farcical play but he said, “After reading numerous farces, I determined that a farce lacked the depth and emotional pulls that I really wanted from a play.” With the help of his playwriting professor, Cory Hinkle, and his friend Sam Myers ’16, Sartorius found this play. He admitted, “Once I read ‘Ancient History,’ I was hooked. It was just as hysterical as it was gut wrenching, the exact themes I was looking for.”
As any theatergoer can tell you, the play does not happen without the Stage Manager. This was senior Fiona Frick’s first time stage-managing at Bates. She notes, “I’ve always wanted to try my hand in the theater department and ‘Ancient History’ truly has been such a rewarding experience.”
Using the Benjamin Mays Center as a venue was a different experience for everyone involved. Frick said, “It’s an awesome space that could definitely be used more for future productions. The space lends itself very well to the play, perhaps even more so than Shaeffer or Gannet.” The Mays Center provided a homey feel that was vital to this performance.
I left this production thinking. I thought about both my own future and what goes unsaid. “Ancient History” was a production that stuck with the viewer long after the sound of the last clap. | <urn:uuid:f9ed1e8c-a1ef-43cb-a217-bf98b10414b1> | CC-MAIN-2019-04 | https://thebatesstudent.com/2016/03/23/ancient-history-delivers-a-thought-provoking-performance/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-04/segments/1547584415432.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20190123213748-20190123235748-00021.warc.gz | en | 0.972912 | 1,006 | 2.625 | 3 |
GeekWrapped | Cognitive Bias Survival Guide
What are Cognitive Biases?
Here’s the deal: Research suggests that there are a number of intellectual stumbling blocks which can get you entangled in wrong judgment without you even noticing. They are called Cognitive Biases. The result is errors and irrational decisions that can hold you back. To help all of us escape this mental quicksand we’ve put together this real-world Cognitive Bias Survival Guide. It’s designed to reduce wrong conclusions and bad choices, plus protect you from charlatans trying to exploit ignorance. Think of it as anti-virus software for the brain! | <urn:uuid:85e48d6e-0e6a-42b0-9cb3-469a88e661d4> | CC-MAIN-2018-09 | http://liminalhose.blogspot.com/2017/05/overcome-what-no-longer-serves-you.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-09/segments/1518891812841.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20180219211247-20180219231247-00486.warc.gz | en | 0.921301 | 134 | 2.6875 | 3 |
Discover how Accelerated Learning System is helping (across the country and
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problem-solving skills from any different opportunities.
When students attend GeniusBrain Centre, they not
only learn skills, They learn how to learn! | <urn:uuid:1cfa83ad-4126-42f2-915b-d9e3ae78fa93> | CC-MAIN-2016-30 | http://geniusbrain.com/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-30/segments/1469257825124.55/warc/CC-MAIN-20160723071025-00286-ip-10-185-27-174.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.937173 | 274 | 2.65625 | 3 |
For more Strength and Stability: 5 Effective Exercises to Get through the Winter healthy
Especially in the cold months you should take good care of your body, because in addition to the ongoing pandemic comes the flu wave.
Due to the bad weather and the current home office duty, many people suffer from lack of exercise. However, health expert Alexander Srokovskyi knows what to do. “To strengthen the body in a targeted manner, the defense system, stability and strength can be promoted through special training sessions,” he explains. In the following article, the physiotherapist and expert in pain management explains five exercises that have a positive effect on the body, especially in winter.
Train your immune system properly
First of all, it is important to know that a short time after starting a training exercise, there is an increase of killer cells in the body. These are important for fighting off cells that have become infected with viruses. At the same time, crucial defense cells are stimulated by the physical activity. In this way, the exercises not only help stabilize the metabolism, heart and circulation, but also boost the immune system.
However, care must be taken not to over-exert the body. In principle, sporting activity has a positive effect on the organism. However, if too much training leads to exhaustion, there is a risk of temporary impairment of the body’s defenses. Between three and 72 hours, for example, there may be a higher risk of infections
Pay attention to the right amount of training
Whether sporting activities have a beneficial effect on the immune system, similar to a vaccination, or whether it proves to be more of a poison, depends on the amount of exercise. For example, if a run is made over hills, it takes two days for the body to regenerate. The amount of white blood cells decreases during this period, which in turn gives pathogenic viruses and bacteria an advantage.
Exercise 1: How smart is the body?
The first exercise is for an upright posture and should be held for one minute. To do this, the legs are placed shoulder width apart. The arms move a little away from the body, the fingers are spread and stretched. Then it goes slightly into the squatting position. The knees must not protrude above the tips of the toes. If the feeling of tipping in the back direction occurs, it is better to reduce the depth of the squat.
Next, tighten the abdomen and buttocks and increase the pressure under the feet. This applies simultaneously to the outer side and the big toes on the ball of the foot. For three seconds this tension is built up. This is followed by relaxation, also for three seconds, while continuing to maintain the basic position.
Exercise 2: Mobilize the nerves of the upper extremities
The following exercise helps against tension and should be repeated ten times: The first step is to stand against a wall. The arms are stretched horizontally away. The chin is pulled to the chest, while the head should remain against the wall. The resulting tension is held for three seconds.
Exercise 3: smart posture
The 45-second exercise “Smart Posture” strengthens the deep muscles. It involves moving slightly into the squat position. The buttocks are largely pushed backwards. There should be a slight pull on the back of the thighs as the knees are pushed back. The arms are stretched up next to the head. The fingers should also be extended with the thumbs pointing towards the ceiling.
Übung 4: Planke
The fourth exercise has a strengthening effect on the trunk muscles and should be held for one minute. The plank involves assuming a position on the abdomen and placing the elbows. The next step is to raise the body from the floor to the forearms and toes.
Exercise 5: Doing sports with endurance
Finally, Alexander Srokovskyi gives the tip to do endurance sports for at least 150 minutes a week to boost the immune system. This includes sports such as swimming, cycling, running, water gymnastics and yoga.
C&C-Autor aus Baden-Baden
Alexander Srokovskyi, Geschäftsführer der ProVita Physiotherapie in Baden-Baden, bietet seinen Patienten als Experte eine ganzheitliche und wissenschaftliche Diagnostik und darüber hinaus eine Behandlung in einem familiären Umfeld. | <urn:uuid:fd7bc67c-4e86-4ba3-8783-0a073d529696> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.cultureandcream.com/exercise/?lang=en | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100535.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20231204214708-20231205004708-00370.warc.gz | en | 0.919345 | 926 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Thousands of events occur not just on this day but throughout March to mark the economic, political and social achievements of women.
Organisations, governments, charities and women’s groups around the world choose different themes each year that reflect global and local gender issues.
“Connecting Girls, Inspiring Futures” is the 2012 theme of the internationalwomensday.com website and this has been widely used by hundreds of organisations including schools, universities, governments, women’s groups and the private sector. Each year the United Nations declares an overall International Women’s Day theme. Their 2012 theme is “Empower Rural Women – End Hunger and Poverty”. Many organisations develop their own themes that are more relevant to their local contexts. For example, the European Parliament’s 2012 theme is “Equal pay for work of equal value”.
“Connecting Girls, Inspiring Futures”. With the popularity of social media, girls have probably never been more connected than they are today. Yet within each one of us there lurks a desire for a deeper connection, more meaningful social interaction, than Facebook or the like permits. We each yearn to know and to be known – not just in a virtual way, but in a real, authentic way. Facebook is covered with messages which state things like: ‘I love those people who stay with me after knowing how I really am’ and ‘Don’t judge me till you’ve walked in my shoes’. We want others to understand us, to know us, to like us, to love us.
I would contend that it is only within a relationship with our Creator that we can hope to have that yearning fulfilled. The One who made us is the only one who truly understands us, who knows how we are wired, who can fulfil that longing to be understood. Once we have that relationship with Him, we can begin to connect with others in a more meaningful, authentic way. If I need to come to the Cross and you need to come to the Cross, then before the Cross we are equal. There we can begin to let down our guards and be ourselves – broken women who need forgiveness and healing, godly women who want to follow Jesus, courageous women who are willing to make sacrifices for the cause of the kingdom, normal women who make mistakes but who get up and try again. As we learn to take off our masks and begin to know and understand one another, true connections can begin to take place. We can know and be known for who we are.
Then together we can walk into the future, inspiring one another to take up the baton and make a difference. I am inspired by the older women I have known who have had a profound influence on my life. I am also inspired by the younger women I know who are stepping out into their worlds, passionate to make a difference in their day.
Today I happened to be reading Proverbs 31. If you are a woman and know that chapter, you probably inwardly groan as you think it is an impossibly high standard of an unrealistically perfect woman. But I was encouraged to read this note in the ESV:
‘This lofty portrait of excellence sets such a high standard that it can be depressing to godly women today until its purpose is understood. First, the woman embodies in all areas of life the full character of wisdom commended throughout this book (of Proverbs). This shows that even though the concrete situations up to now have generally envisioned a cast of males, the teaching of the entire book is intended for all of God’s people. Second, as with other character types, this profile is an ideal; a particular example of full-scale virtue and wisdom toward which the faithful are willing to be moulded. It is not expected that any one woman will look exactly like this in every respect.’
Phew! But I like the thought that the chapter is ‘a particular example of full-scale virtue and wisdom toward which the faithful are willing to be moulded’. On this International Women’s Day, as I think about connecting with other women and inspiring futures, my prayer is that I would do that by being willing to be moulded into the kind of woman God wants me to be – learning my dependence on Him as well as my inter-dependence on others, willing to take my mask off and seek authentic connections.
My favourite verse in this chapter? ‘Charm is deceitful and beauty is vain, but a woman who fears the Lord is to be praised’ (verse 30). | <urn:uuid:41ac3dfb-193a-4948-be2f-04d092179d44> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | https://talesfromtaughlumny.wordpress.com/2012/03/08/international-womens-day-and-proverbs-31/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257647584.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20180321063114-20180321083114-00772.warc.gz | en | 0.965282 | 954 | 2.59375 | 3 |
Dan is an old Scandinavian given name with disputed meaning.
Dan is also a Hebrew given name, after Dan, the fifth son of Jacob with Bilhah and founder of the Israelite Tribe of Dan.
It is also a given name or a nickname for people named Daniel.
Dan, or the acronym DAN may refer to the following:
Dan (king), several kings of Denmark, known from pre-Christian medieval Scandinavian texts, including Dan Mikilláti, from whom Denmark took its name.
Dan (Chinese:旦; Wade–Giles:tan), is the general name for female roles in Chinese opera, often referring to leading roles. There are a few different kinds of dan in Chinese opera. The commonly seen ones are 'Guimen Dan', 'Hua Dan', 'Daoma Dan', 'Wu Dan', 'Lao Dan' and 'Cai Dan'. Each different kind of dan has its own unique characteristics.
Guimen Dan (闺门旦) is the role of the virtuous lady. It is also known as Qingyi (青衣）or Zhengdan (正旦). Qingyi means 'green robes' in Chinese, although the term traditionally extends to the colour black. This kind of dan used to wear black robes. Qing Yi are normally mature and sometimes married women. They may be rich or poor, young or of middle age, but they have to be mature women to fall under this category. Qingyi focus more on singing and they have little movement. They sing in a very high pitched and piercing voice which many people who do not appreciate Chinese opera find difficult to like. Opera schools in China have difficulty recruiting students for this kind of role, since it requires a good voice, good looks and a good height. The most famous qingyi of the last century was Mei Lanfang. Examples of Guimen Dan are Du Liniang (杜丽娘) from The Peony Pavilion (牡丹亭) and Wang Baochuan (王宝钏）from Wujiapo （武家坡).
Offshore (1979) is a novel by Penelope Fitzgerald. It won the Booker Prize for that year. It recalls her time spent on boats on the Thames in Battersea. The novel explores the liminality of people who do not belong to the land or the sea, but are somewhere in between. The epigraph, "che mena il vento, e che batte la pioggia, e che s'incontran con si aspre lingue" ("whom the wind drives, or whom the rain beats, or those who clash with such bitter tongues") comes from Canto XI of Dante's Inferno.
"Offshore", when used relative to hydrocarbons, refers to an oil, natural gas or condensate field that is under the sea, or to activities or operations carried out in relation to such a field. There are various types of platform used in the development of offshore oil and gas fields, and subsea facilities. | <urn:uuid:7aecf95d-dbec-44cf-a811-a9ac5d91586b> | CC-MAIN-2018-30 | https://dantechoffshore.com/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-30/segments/1531676592636.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20180721145209-20180721165209-00103.warc.gz | en | 0.952291 | 644 | 3.0625 | 3 |
Dogs that bark excessively can be a source of great irritation for neighbours. There are many reasons why dogs bark and a lot of the time the dog’s owner may not realise the barking is causing an annoyance to other people.
Why is my dog barking
There are many reasons why a dog may bark including:
- Boredom or lack of stimulation, both mental and physical
- Separation anxiety
- Lack of companionship
- Guarding its territory or fear
- Lack of exercise
- Inadequate yard space
- Inadequate shelter from weather
- Hunger or thirst
- Medical conditions/illness
- Provocation and/or disturbances
- Change to a new environment or family structure
Tips to reduce dog barking
To reduce barking, consider trying the tips listed below:
- Take your dog on more frequent walks (once or twice daily) and include it on family outings, so it can explore the outside world more.
- Provide your dog with toys, puzzles and play tricks with it to enhance mental stimulation and reduce boredom.
- If your dog is barking at passers-by or other animals, block its view of movement outside the property with solid fencing, shade cloth or hedging. Alternatively, if the source of provocation is a human, try to discuss the problem with them.
- Do not reward your dog for barking. Don’t let the dog inside or give it attention when it barks. Instead, give the dog attention when it is quiet.
- Enrol your dog in obedience training.
- Check with your vet to ensure your dog is in good health.
What can I do if my neighbour has a barking dog?
Attempt to notify your neighbour
If a barking dog is becoming an issue, start by speaking with your neighbour. This may resolve the issue without any further action.
If you feel uncomfortable speaking to your neighbour, try writing a letter to them. It may be useful to keep a log of times that the dog is barking and provide this information to your neighbour as they may not be aware of the issue.
Unsure of what to write? Use our sample letter to help guide you.
You can find more resources and information about resolving disputes on the Dispute settlement centre of Victoria website.
Lodging a complaint with Council
Before lodging a complaint with Council you must first show that you:
- have attempted to resolve the nuisance issue with your neighbour
- identify the address where the dog resides and a description of the offending dog/s
- are willing to complete a barking dog diary
If you have been unable to resolve the matter with your neighbour, submit a complaint to council by contacting us via email at email@example.com or mail to P.O BOX 105, Anderson Street Lilydale, Vic 3140. You will need to provide your name, address and the address of where the dog is located. | <urn:uuid:167ba3e1-89e8-4d34-9cba-f76cb13b48a5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.yarraranges.vic.gov.au/Environment/Pets/Owning-a-pet/Barking-dogs?lang_update=637921865805161982 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00718.warc.gz | en | 0.93911 | 608 | 2.640625 | 3 |
Saturn’s largest moon, Titan, looks more like Venus and Mars than astronomers ever suspected—at least when it comes to suffering a severe strike from the solar wind.
NASA’s Cassini spacecraft made a flyby of Titan in December 2013 that offered a unique opportunity for scientists, in newly reported observations. For the first time, scientists caught a close glimpse of the large moon when it was outside Saturn’s protective magnetic field.
The solar wind, basically fast-flowing charged particles, continually blasts out from the sun and past the entire solar system.
Earth’s magnetic field shields the atmosphere from being stripped away by the solar wind. By studying the solar wind’s impacts on worlds lacking a global magnetic field, like Venus, Mars, and now Titan, scientists learn about their atmospheres and how their chemistry changes under solar assault.
Titan spends about 95 percent of its time around Saturn, within the planet’s strong, protective magnetosphere. So Cassini mission planners were excited to observe the moon exposed and naked in the solar wind during the 2013 flyby. The visit allowed them to see the shock wave produced around Titan as the fast-flowing solar particles slammed directly into the moon’s unprotected atmosphere.
“We observed that Titan interacts with the solar wind very much like Mars, if you moved it to the distance of Saturn,” said Cesar Bertucci of the Institute of Astronomy and Space Physics in Buenos Aires, who led the research with colleagues from the Cassini mission.
Despite the complicated chemistry of thick methane-rich skies, Titan’s atmosphere seems to have responded to the solar wind in essentially the same way as the red planet, which has a much thinner atmosphere than Earth or Saturn's big moon.
“We thought Titan in this state would look different,” Bertucci said. “We certainly were surprised.”
Now researchers believe these new findings suggest that regardless of where unmagnetized planets lie in the solar system, they all interact with the solar wind in the same way.
See for Yourself
Backyard sky-watchers can glimpse both Saturn and Titan through even the smallest telescope. Look for the stately lord of the rings in the southern sky just before dawn.
Saturn is the yellow-tinged bright object standing above the orange-hued star Antares, which is the lead member of the constellation Scorpius, the Scorpion. At the tip of one of the claws of the mythical arachnid is Saturn.
While the ringed planet itself is easily viewed with unaided eyes, to resolve its majestic rings and its retinue of moons, a small telescope is needed.
Shining at ninth magnitude, Titan is the second largest moon in the entire solar system and the only one to possess a thick atmosphere. Not surprisingly, it is the brightest and easiest of the 62 moons, and counting, of Saturn to spot. | <urn:uuid:d3d55dad-c87c-417c-b8b8-12bd64a1ce20> | CC-MAIN-2018-05 | https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2015/01/150130-starstruck-titan-saturn-moon-planets-science/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-05/segments/1516084888302.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20180119224212-20180120004212-00533.warc.gz | en | 0.937488 | 608 | 4.0625 | 4 |
At this point it’s common knowledge that smoking is not good for your health. While tobacco smoking remains the most prevalent form, smoking cannabis has grown in popularity nationwide.
Reports and research suggest that the use of marijuana and other cannabis products in the United States has almost doubled since 2013, with an estimated 13% of adult Americans now consuming cannabis products, either medically or recreationally, on a regular basis. While a Federal ban remains in effect, many states have enacted legal consumption laws, providing an avenue for individuals to gain more easy access to marijuana and a wide array of cannabis products.
With this rise in consumption, more and more attention is being paid to the health risks that may be involved. Understanding the implications of your oral health of regular use of cannabis is essential.
As more and more states introduce legalized use of cannabis, new and different products are coming to market. While the vast majority of cannabis is smoked, new products are widely available, including edibles, where cannabis is baked or otherwise processed into foods that are consumed, and topical products, creams, oils and ointments that contain THC, the active compound in cannabis.
How does smoking cannabis affect my oral health?
Anytime you introduce a new substance to your teeth and oral cavity there could be implications, especially if smoking is involved. Several studies have reported that chronic use of marijuana likely leads to higher incidences of gum disease, cavities, oral cancer, gingivitis, and periodontal disease.
Health care practitioners generally voice concern about the negative impacts to your oral hygiene when it comes to smoking both marijuana and tobacco products, but by limiting smoking and practicing good oral hygiene techniques it is possible to prevent the more harmful impacts smoking can have on your oral health.
Below are the more common ways that cannabis smoking can negatively affect your teeth and mouth, and tips to limit the impact.
What are some of the more common oral health issues that arise from smoking cannabis?
Research has shown that regular cannabis use, which is defined as using cannabis at least once a month, can result in an increased risk of attachment loss. Attachment loss is the leading indicator of periodontal disease. Many regular cannabis smokers are unaware of the potential damage that can occur to the periodontium. Also, patients with other risk factors for a periodontal disease like diabetes will see even more elevated risk with cannabis use.
Another common oral health problem that arises from regular cannabis use is xerostomia, commonly known as cottonmouth. One of the chemical compounds in cannabis has the effect of sending signals to brain receptors to temporarily limit saliva production. Saliva is critical to oral health and hygiene in that it helps prevent cavities and reduces the chances of oral infections. Saliva also plays a critical role in preventing halitosis, or bad breath and in preventing the build-up of plaque on teeth.
The most visible and prevalent risks of smoking cannabis, however, are loss of teeth, yellowed and stained teeth, and gum disease. Smoking can also cause oral edema, signs of which include tenderness and pain on and under your tongue, difficulty swallowing, and pronounced drooling. Smoking cannabis may also case small sores, or cankers, to develop and has been shown to cause bleeding, tender and painful gums.
If you experience any pain or discomfort at any time, it is critical that you consult with your dentist immediately.
What about mouth and neck cancers?
All kinds of smoking, whether tobacco or cannabis, introduces carcinogens into your oral cavity that will greatly affect your teeth and gum health. Burning plant-based materials involve high temperatures that irritate oral tissues and can lead to cellular disruption in some cases. Since many cannabis smokers are also tobacco smokers, it’s difficult to study whether one or the other carries more significant risk.
One known oral abnormality that can result from regular use is leukoplakia or cannabis stomatitis. This condition may result in the development of malignant neoplasias and should be closely monitored by your dentist. Cannabis smokers are also at elevated risk of aggressive head and neck cancers, which studies have linked to regular cannabis use, though research into the linkage is still underway and somewhat inconclusive at this point.
How can I help prevent cannabis-related oral health issues?
The best and most effective way to prevent cannabis-related oral health issues is to practice a regular oral hygiene regimen. Brushing twice daily and flossing regularly is critical. Also, regular topical fluoride has been shown to decrease the risks. To combat cottonmouth, many dental professionals recommend chewing sugar-free gum, which has the effect of stimulating saliva production.
And of course, making sure you have your regular cleanings and screenings with your dentist is the best line of defense. Proper professional care will always help you maintain a great smile. Give us a call at Westerville Dental Associates to learn more or schedule an appointment at 614-882-1135. | <urn:uuid:febc35e3-ed7f-4d09-a249-effc82906ab4> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.westervilledental.com/cannabis-and-your-oral-health/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679518883.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20231211210408-20231212000408-00267.warc.gz | en | 0.944171 | 1,015 | 2.734375 | 3 |
Objects may be the lifeblood of museums, but sometimes open spaces, such as the hallway delineated by majestic white columns at the National Museum of American History, also compel our attention. Like other Smithsonian historic spaces, this re-creation of the Cross Hall of the White House closely resembles the real article, down to the same Roman Doric capitals, cornices and pilasters that greeted Presidents from Theodore Roosevelt to Harry Truman. Rooted in antiquity, such architectural elements were popular in America in the 18th century. But their serene authority here bears the lasting mark of the 20th century — and of a few of its strongest wills.
Today, we take for granted that the President lives and works in the White House, with its elegant parlors of various hues and shapes. But back in 1792, when James Hoban presented his design for an executive residence to President George Washington, no one knew exactly what the President’s Palace, as it had been fancifully termed, would — or should — be.
An immigrant from Ireland, Hoban drew inspiration for his design from an aristocratic Dublin house. For the Presidential dwelling, he inked a plain first-floor entrance hall set off by columns from what would become an 80-foot-long transverse hall connecting all the first floor reception rooms. Though it seemed immense, Washington was unperturbed. The President’s house, he wrote Thomas Jefferson, “ought to be upon a scale far superior to any thing in this Country.”
And for more than half a century, it was. With room for the country’s business and the President’s domestic life, the Executive Mansion was probably America’s largest house until the Civil War. When not holding large dinner parties in the capacious entrance hall, President Jefferson arranged for antlers, pelts and Indian costumes brought back by explorer Meriwether Lewis to be displayed there.
But as the growing country demanded more of its Presidents, so it did of the building that housed them. By 1900, the Executive Mansion was clearly overburdened, and not just by office seekers wanting audience with the President, whose second-floor offices were crammed next to the family’s living quarters. When more than 40 guests came for dinner, the Cross Hall was pressed into service for the inevitable overflow from the small state dining room at the west end. The addition of pipes and wiring had carved up old supporting structures. From the 1880s on, large receptions were preceded by a shoring up of the shaky floors with 10-inch by 10-inch timbers.
Some attempts at fixes created quite unforeseen problems. When a pair of fireplaces on either side of the entrance hall failed to prevent the adjacent Cross Hall from becoming a wintry wind tunnel, a glass screen was placed between Hoban’s slender Ionic columns. Problem solved — at least until the screen’s redesign in 1882 by Louis Comfort Tiffany. With red, white and blue glass set with Tiffany’s signature flair, the screen turned the once plainly Federal Cross Hall into a strikingly mismatched, if memorably colorful, mosaic.
Not surprisingly, by the turn of the century, tearing down or significantly altering the tired manse had been bandied about for years. But the nascent 20th century brought new ideas, including renewal of the city of Washington itself. Deploring the undifferentiated mass of trees, railroad tracks and scattered buildings where the National Mall now stands, the newly formed McMillan Commission called for a sweeping vista from the Capitol to the Potomac, lined by neoclassical buildings. Like President Theodore Roosevelt himself, Senator James McMillan, the commission’s godfather, wanted to preserve the Federal splendor of the President’s home in the redesigned city.
Ironically, the White House, as it had been officially named by Roosevelt, was a far cry from the commission’s vision. Heavy Victorian decoration overwhelmed the once simple interior, including oversize chandeliers, abundant furniture and, not least, Tiffany’s fantastic screen. By 1901, the East Room (at the east end of the Cross Hall) was so crowded with potted palms and settees that it resembled a jungle from which the rambunctious Roosevelt children sprang like wild animals. To make space for her large brood, First Lady Edith Roosevelt sought help from architect Charles Follen McKim of the eminent firm McKim, Mead & White. Renowned for his design of the Boston Public Library, McKim also served on the McMillan Commission. If anyone understood classical design and the clean lines of grandeur, it was McKim.
His solution for the Roosevelts was more than the mere redecoration commissioned by prior Presidents. In his inspection, McKim found electric wiring “not only old, defective, and obsolete, but actually dangerous” and noted that the second floor had settled so much that a new floor was needed. Such “perils to health, and even to life itself,” McKim loftily concluded, meant only radical change.
Ordered by Roosevelt to complete the work in just six months, McKim in 1902 reshaped the White House to close to what we see today. The President’s offices were moved into a new wing to the west. Instead of crowding the entrance hall, visitors now entered through a rebuilt east wing. The state dining room was enlarged by relocating the grand staircase to the other end of the Cross Hall. Down the hall, an oak-paneled elevator provided transport for the President — and, on one memorable occasion, for Algonquin, the Roosevelt children’s pet pony. | <urn:uuid:08e58ea3-d257-4ec3-820d-a4f648de1304> | CC-MAIN-2015-18 | http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/presidential-designs-34028748/?page=1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-18/segments/1430450367739.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20150501031927-00015-ip-10-235-10-82.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.961928 | 1,173 | 3.171875 | 3 |
Málaga Fair: Background
Every summer, in mid-August, the city of Málaga organises its traditional fair, commemorating Málaga’s annexation to the Kingdom of Castile and the arrival of the Catholic Queen and King on 19 August 1487.
In 1491, joining the religious celebrations hosted by the Cathedral Chapter, the Municipal Council organised a popular festival to be held on 15 August. In 1887, marking the 400th anniversary of the arrival of the Catholic Queen and King in Málaga, the fair reached a new level of magnificence and popularity.
Today, Málaga’s August Fair is the most important summer event in town – an international, cosmopolitan affair showing the character of Malagueños to the world. | <urn:uuid:879f668f-42d5-46ee-bd71-fd9b05de5cb8> | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | https://visita.malaga.eu/en/meet-malaga/festivals/august-fair/malaga-fair-background | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296943484.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20230320144934-20230320174934-00146.warc.gz | en | 0.918455 | 165 | 3.046875 | 3 |
After Arabs completed the invasion of Western Iran and Tispoon (Ctesiphon), they continued their way to the east. They conquered Kermanshah and Khoozestan and opened Isphahan and Estakhr. In Pars, they faced the local people’s armies that tried to drive them back, but Arabs defeated locals in several fights.
Around this time, the news of the assassination of second Islamic Caliph, Omar, spread throughout the Islamic territories. An Iranian prisoner called Peerooz, killed Omar while he was on prayer. Omar’s successor, Othman, who was a very weak ruler did not encourage Arab armies to continue their conquests as fast as they did during Omar’s reign, so Iranian freedom fighters got more time to organize themselves. These early revolutionaries were usually from the noble families, called “vasteriushan” in Sasanid empire, they really did nothing, mostly because of lack of popularity.
In the next 20 years, Arabs completed their conquest of Iran, and they established their first empire, Omavid Dynasty. Omavid rulers where amongst the most cruel of the Islamic rulers. During their 98 years of Caliphate, many of the invaded territories began their independence movements.
During the first three decades of Arab rule to Iran, a Sasanid prince called Dabooyeh, a descendant of Peerooz established a little principality on the northern part of the country. His territory was located between the Alburz mountains and Caspian sea, an area called Deylaman. The people in Deylaman were Zoroasterian and they did not convert to Islam for a long time(since 1000 AD), so they supported Dabooyeh and his successors, who were also Zoroasterian. He was able to keep his territories independence, and he did not let the Arabs come to his land.
Dabooyeh’s dynasty ruled Deylaman for 150 years. After that, two other branches of Sasanid princes divided Dabooyeh’s territory between themselves. One of them was called “Padoospanian”(descendants of Dabooyeh’s brother, Padoospan) and another one called, Bavandi(descendants of Kavoos, brother of Khosro I). These two dynasties later converted to Islam(in the 11th century AD), but they never lost their territories to Arabs, and they ruled it for 950 years! Longest of any dynasty in Iranian history.
Around 750 AD, an Iranian military genius called “Abu-Moslem” leaded the armies of “Saffah” against the last Omavid caliph, Marvan II. Saffah was a great-grandson of Abbas, prophet Mohammad’s uncle, thus he called the new dynasty “Abbasid”.
Abbasid dynasty is the most famous dynasty of Islamic world. They were the patrons of Islamic arts and civilization. Many of the Caliphs were cruel and un-just, but they all were supporters of cultural developments throughout their country.
Mansour, Saffah’s brother and successor, killed Abu-Moslem and tried to decrease the Iranian influence in the Caliphate, but he was not very successful in his act. Iranian culture and governmental system continued to play an important role in the Islamic world. Some of most famous Abbsid rulers are: Haroon al-rashid (the caliph that opened the relations with Charlemagne), Ma’moon(the first half Iranian Caliph), and Motevakkel(the cruelest Caliph). After Ma’moon’s death (around 830 AD), one of Iranian nationalists separated a part of Eastern Iran from the Caliphate and called himself king, his name was “Taaher” and his dynasty, which is the first Islamic -Iranian dynasty, is called Taaherian.
Iranian Independence Movements
After Taaher, other Iranian revolutionaries started to make their own kingdoms, some of them are: Yaghoub Leis (Saffaris, 868-908 AD), Amir Esmaeel(Samanids,874-998), Mardavij(Ziary,928-1077), and Booye brothers(Booye,932-1055). “Booye” or “Aal-e Booye”, was established by three brothers, Ali, Hassan, and Ahmad, sons of Booye. They were from Deylaman, and they were living under the Bavandi rule(see above). They raised an army and began conquering northern and western parts of the country. In December of 945, Ahmad the youngest brother, invaded Baghdad, the capital of Abbasid caliphs, and deposed the caliph and blinded him. From then on, the caliphate was always under Iranian influence and Iranian rulers could install the caliphs of their own choice.
Booye dynasty, also known as Deylami because of their birth place, ruled most of Iran for over 150 years. They were great kings who loved their country, and they were great supporters of Iranian traditions and culture.Their most famous and beloved ruler was “Panah-Khosro Ezad-al-doleh” who was the creator of many cities and constructions in Iran. Their last ruler, Sama-al-doleh was deposed by his uncle.
Ghaznavid, Saljuqs, and other Turkic dynasties
After Booye, their territory broke to pieces and divided between local rulers. Around 1040 AD, a local ruler in Ghazna(now in Afghanistan) named Mahmoud, claimed all of the Booye territories. Mahmoud was from a Turkic origin, and his parents where soldiers and commanders in Booye army. Mahmoud called himself Sultan, and started conquering Iranian and northern Indian lands. By 1060 AD, he was ruling a country almost as large as Sasanid empire. After him, his successors lost most of the country to another Turkic tribe called “Saljuqs”.
The leader of Saljuqs, called Toghrol, chose Isphahan as his capital. His successors, Aleb Arsalan and Malek Shah, were among the most powerful of Islamic rulers. Malek Shah invaded Syria and Anatolia(present day Turkey), and his country was the biggest country in the Islamic world. After his death (1092), the country divided to three parts: Iran went to his sons, Turkey went to his cousin, and Malek Shah’s brother, Tatesh, established his rule in Syria.
The last Saljuqid king of Iran, Toghrol III, was deposed by Eel Arsalan, king of Kharazm. He was the first king of “Kharazmshahian” dynasty, the dynasty that ruled most of Iran until the Mongol attack.
Esmaeelian , Kharazmshahan, and Mongol Attack
One of the branches of Islam is called Esmaeeli. From the beginning of Sultan Mahmoud’s reign, they were living in concealment because the Turkic rulers were very prejudice sunnies who believed that Esmaeelis are heretics. During the reign of Malek Shah, one of the Esmaeeli leaders called “Hassan-e Sabbah”, started a revolt (around 1080 AD), and because he wanted to protect his followers, he took refuge in a grand and out of reach fort in northern Iran. This fort was called “Alamoot”. Hassan orders his followers to capture the forts throughout the country, and when they did, he organized a system called “Esmaeeli brotherhood”, better known to westerners as “Assassins”. This organization was the first establishment to use murder and terror as a weapon to reach its goals.
Hassan and his followers made a country within a country. Esmaeeli forts and castles were independent from the government and they had a better and most successful economy than other parts of the kingdom, selling herbal medicines and armors. Although they were great in making herbal medicines, it is a myth that Esmaeelis were under drug use when they did their murders, it was only the power of Hassans will and their faith that guide them through their assignments.
Hassan’s successors continued to rule Iran until the Mongol attack, when the last Esmaeeli ruler, Khoor Shah, was executed by Hologu Khan. Another branch of Esmaeelis in Syria were active players in Crusades, where they killed Baldwin II of Jerusalem.
Kharzmashahans, the dynasty that ruled northern and eastern Iran after the Saljuqs, were also from Turkish descend. The last of Kharazmshah’s, Alaa ol-Din Mohammad, was living in 13th century. He is most famous for his encounters with the great Mongol conqueror, Ghenghis Khan. Ghenghis(pronounced “Chan-geez” in Iran), invaded Mohammad’s country in 1219. He and his successors sacked Iranian cities, killed hundreds of thousands of innocent people, and ruled the country for over three generations.
The most famous Mongol ruler in Iran, after Ghenghis himself, is Hologu Khan, the founder of Il-Khans. He became Mongol ruler of Iran in 1256, after his brother Guyuk was elected as great Khan of all Mongols. Hologu’s descendants ruled Iran until 1342, when their last ruler, Abu-Saeed was killed by his commander. Mongols accepted Islam, and defused in Iran’s culture, but they also left their influence in Iranian’s soul, eternal fear! An Iranian historian wrote something that is the best way to describe Mongol attack “They came, they killed, they sacked, they burned, and they took, and they left!”.Back to Iran's History | <urn:uuid:16e14f12-64ae-429b-b2cf-c30f6e31180d> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://irane-man.tripod.com/Islam.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141750841.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20201205211729-20201206001729-00074.warc.gz | en | 0.983799 | 2,136 | 3.359375 | 3 |
A 300-million-year-old tropical forest preserved by volcanic ash in Inner Mongolia, China has been studied and reconstructed in paintings.
A research team from the National Tsing Hua University in Taiwan is challenging conventional notions of where long-term memory is formed in the brain.
Linguists from National Geographic’s Enduring Voices project who are racing to document endangered languages have unveiled an effective new tool: talking dictionaries.
A new study proposes that over-the-counter anti-inflammatory drugs may be useful in stopping the spread of cancer cells via the lymphatic system.
Exercise is the key to reversing the adverse metabolic effects passed on to offspring by their overweight mothers, says a new study from the University of New South Wales.
Researchers have completed a study of the human genome, revealing how genes interact with each other from distances that are relatively far apart.
A new poll finds that the world is a happier place than in 2007, with two percent more global citizens reporting that they are ‘very happy.’
A Yale study has predicted the formation of a new supercontinent called Amasia in 50 to 200 million years, through the collision of the Americas and Eurasia.
Having a simple, easy-to-pronounce name is more likely to win you friends and favor in the workplace, a unique study has found.
A new planet that lies 22 light-years from Earth has been identified by an international team of astronomers as a likely candidate for hosting liquid water. | <urn:uuid:b889bd14-c169-4cb8-b12f-d67577081e2c> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.asianscientist.com/category/in-the-lab/page/30/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368703748374/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516112908-00019-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.952108 | 306 | 3.015625 | 3 |
The great thing about staff rooms is that they are excellent place to hear about a task and then use it in your class, so that’s what I am going to share with you today. A cool task on citations/ referencing.You can do this with your learners if you teach EAP or writing classes that require research and referencing. My colleague John, who works at the ELTC at Sheffield University, told me about this one, so shout out to him. I did change it a bit though.
- Give your students one publication/source each. If you have 12 students, you need 12 sources. I used books, journal articles, and a newspaper (I told them that one of the sources could not be used in their academic writing projects and that’s why the newspaper was in it. My students are not journalists and the newspaper was the Metro paper which is a free paper).
- Put students in a circle and tell them that they only need a piece of paper and a pen.
- Each student has about 30 seconds to find the author and the date of the source and write it down as they would as part of their in-text citation.
- After the 30 seconds, students give their source to the person next to them and move on to the next source. This is done clockwise.
- At the end, give them a couple of minutes to check what they have written on their paper and make necessary corrections.
- In order to check their answers, each student comes to the board and writes what they have written. One source per student. | <urn:uuid:1c953360-12e7-4e82-bfc0-da951cdf4ffd> | CC-MAIN-2019-18 | https://myeltrambles.com/2016/08/05/2887/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-18/segments/1555578533774.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20190422015736-20190422040749-00002.warc.gz | en | 0.977293 | 323 | 3.171875 | 3 |
Instruments and Experimentation in the History of Chemistry. Edited by Frederic L. Holmes and Trevor H. Levere. xxii + 415 pp. The MIT Press, 2000. $50.
Humphrey Davy held the early "world's record" for discovering chemical elements—six. In Elements of Chemical Philosophy, he modestly attributed his success to the voltaic pile—a new instrument in the chemist's armamentarium—rather than to his own acumen, stating that "The active intellectual powers of man in different times are not so much the cause of the different successes of their labours, as the peculiar nature of the means and artificial resources in their possessions."
Histories of chemistry usually trace the evolution of great ideas or the interplay between great scientists. The essays in this collection examine the evolution of the field through its apparatus. This presents an interesting challenge since, unlike the attractive and robust microscopes, telescopes and astrolabes of earlier centuries, chemical apparatus was more modest, even homely, and especially more fragile and, therefore, highly disposable and disposed of. Its more valuable parts (such as metal rings) were stripped and recycled. Thus, little ancient alchemical glassware exists today; for example, the number of true pelicans (glassware for recycling distillation) that have survived is quite small. We rely on ancient manuscripts containing highly stylized figures and on the texts of the 16th and 17th centuries, which were often stylized versions of these stylized pictures, in some cases probably describing apparatus fabricated only in the mind of the author.
Following a helpful introduction by the editors are 14 contributed chapters organized chronologically into three sections: The Practice of Alchemy; From Hales to the Chemical Revolution; and The Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries. The editors also introduce each section with a brief explanatory essay. The chapters, 20 to 40 pages in length, are uniformly well written and well edited, and most are well illustrated. They are written both for chemical historians and for a more general readership, since unfamiliar terms are defined, and often the workings of unfamiliar apparatus are explained. Each chapter ends with an extremely useful summary.
The first chapter ("The Archaeology of Chemistry"), by Robert G. W. Anderson, summarizes the discoveries of fragments of ancient chemical glassware from Egypt, Arab lands, India, early Europe and Renaissance Europe. Four important early books are scrutinized for details of Renaissance chemical practices. It is both humbling and reassuring to note the relative "stability" of chemical glassware and "continuity" of change through the ages. However, Anderson cautions us not to take these texts at face value, noting that much more may eventually be learned from careful study of the archaeological fragments.
In "Alchemy, Assaying, and Experiment," William R. Newman makes a case for the very early use of the blowpipe for chemical investigations—well before its employment by Johann Kunckel in the 17th century. Quantitative accuracy in alchemical investigation, commonly unanticipated, is implied by the famous glass-cased balance in Elias Ashmole's 1652 Theatrum Chemicum Britannicum (the plate is a virtual copy of the illumination from Norton's 15th-century manuscript Ordinal of Alchemy). The glassware in the figure suggests alchemy, not simply the assaying or weighing of gemstones. Thus the quantitative analytical work of alchemists may have been more sophisticated than is generally assumed.
Lawrence M. Principe (in "Apparatus and Reproducibility in Alchemy"), arguing against Jungians who attribute alchemical imagery to psychic states, makes a case for precise chemical apparatus as an indicator of the reproducibility desired by chrysopoeians (alchemists devoted to making gold). Evidence includes a discussion of the symbols in the keys of Basil Valentine, presumably readily decipherable by any true adept. One very interesting feature of this chapter is Principe's experimental recreation of a "Philosopher's tree" inside a glass flask.
In "Slippery Substances," Maurice Crosland neatly explains how and why chemists were so unconcerned with gases until the work of Stephen Hales and thoroughly depicts the evolution of studies of gases through the 18th century.
Trevor H. Levere (in "Measuring Gases and Measuring Goodness") treats the long-forgotten eudiometer, initially developed by Joseph Priestley as a volumetric instrument for measuring the purity of "dephlogisticated air" as well as the "goodness of air" through reaction with nitric oxide. This instrument quickly evolved to include sparking wires and in other ways to make it suitable for testing other gaseous reactions. The illustrations of gasometers, which fed measured amounts of gases into reactions, include the elaborate apparatus of Antoine Laurent Lavoisier.
Lavoisier's wealth and precision afforded him a laboratory of unrivaled apparatus. Frederic L. Holmes ("The Evolution of Lavoisier's Chemical Apparatus") quotes Jan Golinski's observation that "To Priestley and his followers, expenditure on this scale was not only undesirable but reprehensible, because it foreclosed the possibility of Lavoisier's experiments being replicated by others who lacked his wealth." A key insight offered to the reader is that most of Lavoisier's great works were actually accomplished using relatively simple apparatus, often adapted or "jerry-rigged" from earlier pieces.
Bernadette Bensaude-Vincent ("The Chemist's Balance For Fluids") treats hydrometers and their cousins areometers. Thought initially to have great potential as scientific instruments, hydrometers were useful for measuring the "goodness" of wine, among other commercial liquids.
Jan Golinski ("Fit Instruments") reminds us of the important role Herman Boerhaave played in transforming the thermometer from an instrument used to quantify our senses (a "cool" breeze has the same temperature as motionless air) into a scientific instrument both used on its own and incorporated into more complex apparatus.
In "Platinum and Ground Glass," William A. Smeaton describes Louis Bernard Guyton de Morveau's exploitation of these innovations in his portable laboratory. The agronomist Arthur Young visited Guyton in Dijon in 1789 and found "such a variety and extent of apparatus, as I have seen nowhere else." This apparatus was the standard for other such chemistry "kits" on both sides of the Channel and across the Atlantic during the early 19th century.
The final section begins with an insightful essay by Melvyn C. Usselman ("Multiple Combining Proportions") that analyzes the experimental work associated with the law of multiple proportions. John Dalton, whose experiments verified his theory, did not provide experimental support as strong as that of William Hyde Wollaston, who had no theoretical bias. The strongest experimental evidence was contributed by Jacques Étienne Bérard, who received the least recognition, because the theory was already generally accepted.
In "Organic Analysis in Comparative Perspective," Alan J. Rocke provides an excellent description of Justus Liebig's development of the Kaliapparat, which permitted the gravimetric measurement of carbon dioxide from large quantitities of organic compounds, thus revolutionizing the accuracy of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen analysis. His accounts of Liebig's interactions with Jacob Berzelius, Friedrich Wöhler and Jean-Baptiste Dumas are informative and entertaining. Liebig was skeptical of Dumas's "French chemistry," but Dumas ultimately perfected the difficult analysis of nitrogen.
"Chemical Techniques in a Preelectronic Age," by Colin A. Russell, treats the ingenious chemical apparatus designed by Edward Frankland in the latter half of the 19th century. Trying to trap the radical "ethyl," Frankland made pyrophoric diethylzinc instead and ushered in the era of organometallic chemistry.
The theme of Seymour H. Mauskopf's "Bridging Chemistry and Physics in the Experimental Study of Gunpowder" is the use of physics to determine the ballistic force of gunpowder.
The final chapter, "Laboratory Practice and the Physical Chemistry of Michael Polanyi," by Mary Jo Nye, provides a wonderfully focused description of the Hungarian Jew who left the continent in the stormy and dangerous aftermath of World War I to make seminal contributions to x-ray crystallography in Manchester in the 1920s. His polymathic interests led him eventually to exchange the title of professor of physical chemistry for a chair of "social studies" at Manchester.
This book is a must for all institutional libraries and for anyone even mildly interested in the history of chemistry.—Arthur Greenberg, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham | <urn:uuid:66ed65ed-ef40-4876-8e6c-21319fd65c38> | CC-MAIN-2016-07 | http://www.americanscientist.org/bookshelf/pub/apparatus-and-acumen | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-07/segments/1454701149377.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20160205193909-00300-ip-10-236-182-209.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.938095 | 1,807 | 3.1875 | 3 |
English 'beat French to frogs legs' claim after Wiltshire dig finds
- 15 October 2013
- From the section Wiltshire
A major archaeological dig in Wiltshire has unearthed evidence of frogs legs being eaten in Britain, 8,000 years before France, it has been claimed.
The team, which consists of Mesolithic period experts, also found other types of food including salmon and nuts.
David Jacques, from the University of Buckingham, said people living there thousands of years ago were eating a "Heston Blumenthal-style menu".
The team hopes to confirm Amesbury as the UK's oldest continuous settlement.
The dig will run until 25 October.
It is being filmed and made into a documentary by the BBC, Smithsonian, CBC and others to be screened at a later date. The project is being led by the University of Buckingham.
Mr Jacques added: "This is significant for our understanding of the way people were living around 5,000 years before the building of Stonehenge and it begs the question - where are the frogs now?"
The latest information is based on a report by fossil mammal specialist Simon Parfitt, of the Natural History Museum.
He examined the discoveries from the dig which has resulted in 12,000 finds, including 650 animal bones, all from the Mesolithic era.
Andy Rhind-Tutt, chairman of Amesbury Museum and Heritage Trust and co-ordinator of the community involvement on the dig, said the studies at Amesbury could help explain why Stonehenge was created.
"No one would have built Stonehenge without there being something unique and really special about the area," he said.
"There must have been something significant here beforehand and Blick Mead, with its constant temperature spring sitting alongside the River Avon, may well be it.
"I believe that as we uncover more about the site over the coming days and weeks, we will discover it to be the greatest, oldest and most significant Mesolithic home base ever found in Britain."
He added: "Currently Thatcham - 40 miles from Amesbury - is proving to be the oldest continuous settlement in the UK with Amesbury 104 years younger.
"By the end of this latest dig, I am sure the records will need to be altered."
The site already boasts the biggest collection of flints and cooked animal bones in north west Europe.
The term Mesolithic refers to specific groups of archaeological cultures defined as falling between the Palaeolithic and the Neolithic periods. | <urn:uuid:70807aa0-611b-4fde-8b50-654c96abd467> | CC-MAIN-2016-40 | http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-wiltshire-24522240 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-40/segments/1474738662698.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20160924173742-00151-ip-10-143-35-109.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.961463 | 514 | 2.546875 | 3 |
As champion of truth
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Considered revolutionary because of how it champions the cause of the untouchables and exposes India’s social evils, Untouchable was well received and highly regarded both domestically and abroad. Within India, it caused a generation of educated Indians to think about how India’s internal colonialism was preventing the country’s progression to a modern civil society. Outside India, prominent novelists of the age such as E.M. Forster hoisted up Anand’s novel as having both historical and literary significance. Though India’s caste system is still in place today, books like Untouchable raised awareness about the crushing inequalities and injustices the system fosters. This has resulted in the passage of numerous anti-discrimination laws and affirmative action initiatives along caste lines in contemporary India. Furthermore, the appearance of one Mahatma Gandhi in the novel explicitly places the book in a distinctive historical context. Finally, from a literary standpoint, Untouchable stands out because of its inclusion of Punjabi and Hindu idioms in English. | <urn:uuid:df04cb62-2f64-4612-850d-f99440f2b9c2> | CC-MAIN-2017-13 | http://www.gradesaver.com/untouchable/q-and-a/anand-304189 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-13/segments/1490218189680.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20170322212949-00027-ip-10-233-31-227.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.93153 | 223 | 3.109375 | 3 |
This journal features advice and strategies from leading educators and internationally renowned researchers on ways to prepare students for a rapidly changing world.
Future EDge draws upon the research of the Education for a Changing World initiative. Working with leading educators and researchers, this initiative indicates that the demands of an uncertain future are best met by some of the longest-standing goals of education: a strong foundation in the core skills of literacy and numeracy, deep content knowledge in a range of disciplines, and the ability to problem solve and reason ethically, critically and creatively.
Issue 3 - 'Teaching and technology'
The third issue of Future EDge considers the rewards and risks of bringing emerging technologies, including AI, into the classroom, and the importance of including students and teachers in conversations about using these technologies to support learning and teaching.
This issue includes a foreword by the Minister for Education and Early Childhood Learning, the Hon. Sarah Mitchell MLC, and features contributions from:
- Associate Professor Erica Southgate from the University of Newcastle, who discusses the importance of teacher involvement in the design and implementation of AI in schools, and some potential benefits and risks of emerging technologies in classrooms.
- Department Secretary Mark Scott, who reflects on an extraordinary year for students and teachers, why students must be at heart of technology use in the classroom and what the NSW AI strategy means for education.
- Leading US data privacy experts Professor Evan Selinger and Amelia Vance from the Future of Privacy Foundation, who provide a practical guide to engaging students in learning about AI privacy and ethics, and highlight the importance of managing the risks of bringing AI into the classroom.
- Professor Genevieve Bell and Dr Amy McLennan from the 3A Institute at the Australian National University, in conversation with recently retired department Deputy Secretary Leslie Loble, about how education should shape technology design, and how the education system can create and support the next generation of designers. | <urn:uuid:0ba15d0e-2af0-4828-ab76-37f2be2a6128> | CC-MAIN-2021-04 | https://www.education.nsw.gov.au/teaching-and-learning/education-for-a-changing-world/future-edge | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-04/segments/1610703522133.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20210120213234-20210121003234-00716.warc.gz | en | 0.926599 | 387 | 2.546875 | 3 |
Raymond is very good at Connect 4. He thinks that regular Connect 4 is boring, so he plays a 3D version instead. The 3D version consists of ~6~ parallel ~6\times6~ Connect 4 boards. Two players use red and yellow chips to attempt to connect 4 of their same color horizontally or vertically, across any of the three dimensions. Diagonal lines will not be counted for simplicity. Raymond is too lazy to check the board after a game himself, so he will pay you in points to check for him. Raymond always plays red.
The input will consist of ~6~ line-separated ~6\times6~ grids, each denoting the chips in one slice of the 3D gameboard, and containing 36 characters that consist of
R (for a red chip) and
Y (for a yellow chip).
Output the number of distinct occurrences where 4 red chips are in a horizontal or vertical line in any of the three dimensions. If there are no such occurrences, output
lost (Raymond is very competitive).
Note: Do not prompt for input, as this will cause the judge to take the prompt as the solution.
RYRRRY RRYYRY YYRYYR YRYYRR YYRRYR RRYYRY RYRRRY RRYYRY YYRYYR YRYYRR YYRRYR RRYYRY RYRRRY RRYYRY YYRYYR YRYYRR YYRRYR RRYYRY YRYYYR YYRRYR RRYRRY RYRRYY RRYYRR YYRRYY YRYYYR YYRRYR RRYRRY RYRRYY RRYYRR YYRRRY YRYYYR YYRRYR RRYRRY RYRRYY RRYYRR YYRRRY | <urn:uuid:f74081a9-9974-4b13-b456-9606d62e403e> | CC-MAIN-2020-45 | https://dmoj.ca/problem/3dconnect4 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-45/segments/1603107869933.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20201020050920-20201020080920-00706.warc.gz | en | 0.866159 | 383 | 2.78125 | 3 |
is essentially made out of flour, water, oil, eggs (could be without), seasoning and herbs. It could be any combination of those ingredients, which are then mixed together to form a dough. The dough is then rested, after which it is rolled thin and cut into different shapes (rectangles for lasagne, long narrow strips for spaghetti, and long flat strips for linguine…etc). These are the main traditional ingredients used in making Pasta, but of course there are other variations.
Forms, Shapes and Flavours
There are many forms of Pasta. Most are categorised as Italian or Oriental. The Italian variety is classically durum-wheat based. The Oriental pasta, on the other hand, is made out of different flours and starches and is usually long strips of pasta, known as noodles. With that said, the former classifications are of the new world, as in ancient times it was quite different. But that is a whole other discussion that I will leave for another time.
There is a good range of Italian pasta that is non-wheat based and made with other flours instead. These are mainly for health food markets in order to cater for those who are wheat intolerant for instance, or eliminating wheat products from their diets.
Rice pasta and Buckwheat pasta are to name a few, but with the increased interest in grains and other starches, nowadays you can find many other varieties.
Pasta is either fresh (Pasta Fresca) or dried (Pasta Secca). It can be shaped in a variety of shapes. It can also be flavoured with an array of aromatics, herbs, and flavourings.
The earliest known reference to Pasta (in Italy) is traced to Middle Ages Sicily and has been a basic food in Italy ever since, especially in Naples and Rome. However contrary to common belief, Pasta did not originate in Italy, it is in fact an Arabic creation that moved to Italy by means of the Arabs through Sicily (more to follow in a dedicated post). Because Pasta was globally popularised from Italy, it is therefore most known and referred to as ‘Italian-Pasta’.
The industrial manufacturing of pasta replaced home-made pastas and made it available everywhere. Since then Pasta has become a part of many cuisines, who have adopted this ingredient into their offerings.
Fresh Pasta (Pasta Fresca) – is the same product as dried pasta (Pasta Secca),
only it has not been hung – after rolling and cutting – on pasta hangers and left to dry. The hard form of pasta is used and cooked in the same manner as fresh pasta. The only difference is that it might require a few minutes longer to cook. However, dried Pasta has a longer shelf life, whereas fresh pasta has to be consumed within a few days. Also worthy of notice that fresh pasta is mainly made using durum wheat and at times regular wheat flour, however the dry pasta is best made using semolina.
A wide variety of ingredients could be used to flavour fresh or dried pasta some of which are vegetables such as spinach, sun-dried tomatoes and recently sweet potato. Herbs like oregano, basil, rosemary and sage are also used in flavouring pasta and so are some spices such as nutmeg, allspice and at times even saffron (a very common ingredient in Sicilian cuisine, which is very well influenced by the historic Arabic cuisine)!
The most traditional Flavouring ingredients used with Pasta are: Spinach and Tomato. But other ingredients can be used as well not only to flavour but also to colour Pasta! Beetroot for example gives pasta a strong colour and a mild flavour. Black pasta is essentially made using squid ink, and green pasta comes from the use of spinach. This kind of treatment in colour and flavour is what allows you to create signature dishes that are unique and stand out from the rest. Black Pasta, for instance, is gorgeous and adds a dramatic touch to your plate. After all, when constructing a dish, colour is an important aspect to take into consideration; just as important as flavour and texture. The same applies to flavour. If you can incorporate pesto into the pasta dough, that will add a layer of flavouring and make your pasta way more interesting. This is why making your own pasta is far better than buying the ready made generic ones. Don’t get me wrong, there is nothing wrong with buying pasta, we all do, and there are very good quality pastas in the market. But for more interesting pasta concoctions, and for more unique dishes, making your own will definitely step up the play. It becomes a whole different ball game!
Pasta Categories and Names
The term ‘Baked Pasta’ refers to dishes that contain Pasta and are baked. The pasta in those dishes had to be boiled then assembled in a dish with the rest of the ingredients. These days manufacturers are producing baking pastas – like lasagne, tortiglioni, bucatini, conchiglie and caravattine – that do not need to be pre-boiled before baking. They can rather be stuffed or layered dry then baked in generous proportions of sauce. The liquids from the sauce, and being covered with foil at first to build steam, will all cook the pasta without the need to pre-cook.
Another dimension to pasta and just as important is: stuffing. Stuffed pasta varieties include: Ravioli, Tortellini as well as Agnolotti, Cappelletti, Cannelloni, Lumache, and Manicotti…etc. Some will be available stuffed dried or fresh. Others will have to be boiled then stuffed by you. Stuffing may consist of cheeses, vegetables and |or meats. Obviously, the ready stuffed ones cannot even compare to those made at home! The work, the patience and creativity that goes into making your own stuffing makes it way better than the generic, and usually poorer manufacturer’s stuffing.
manufacturers have to think in terms of profit and loss, as such sometimes the margins are determined in terms of the generosity in quantities as well as quality of the ingredients. Using 2 cheeses and a variety of mushroom types in the filling, is much more expensive than using 1 cheese and an herb. Also using the real Parmigiano Reggiano is more expensive than the processed simulation of Parmesan cheese… and so on… you get the drift!
Another variety of pasta, just as important as all the previous ones are, ‘Soup Pastas’. These are fairly small in size and are added to soups towards the end of cooking. These mini pasta have also become very famous in Salads. Soup Pasta include Vermicelli, Linguine, Pennette, Stelline, Risoni, Anellini and Conchigliette.
The pasta needs to be able to move freely in the boiling water, therefore use a big pot and enough water for large quantities. Otherwise, it will become too starchy and sticky.
Cooking and Serving Pasta
Pasta is cooked in a heavy bottomed saucepan, 3/4 full of salted water. You can, if you wish, add flavoring to the boiling water, such as freshly cracked black pepper, herbs, spices, garlic, Parmesan shavings…etc. Flavoring the boiling water this way will eventually flavor the pasta.
But you do not need massive amounts of water to cook your pasta in. A general rule of thumb is that the pasta must be sealed with the boiling water. Long dried pasta, like spaghetti, need to be gradually pushed into the water. You will put the pasta in the pot and wait till it softens, then push it in slightly, and so on until its covered.
The perfect doneness of pasta is called ‘Al dente’; which is when the pasta is softened and no longer hard to chew, yet still retains a slight bite, and is still firm and holds shape. With fresh pasta, Al Dente is hard to achieve. So cook it until it is still firm and holds shape, but not and too soft because that is when it becomes overcooked. Fresh pasta never has a proper bite. But make sure you do not overcook the pasta – until it is too soft and loses shape.
The cooking time depends on the quality of the pasta, the type of wheat used in its making, its size and the amount of pasta being cooked. As a general guide (but do check your pasta while cooking to make sure): Dried vermicelli takes 4-5 mins; dried long pasta like spaghetti take 11-12 mins, and large pasta take about 12-15 minutes. All fresh pasta take from 3-8 minutes, depending on their size.
Tip – Timing for pasta cooking begins when the water returns to boiling after the pasta had been added.
When using Pasta in a salad, immediately after removing from the water, drizzle it with Olive Oil so it doesn’t clump as it cools down. If the Pasta is to be served hot, then drain it after the cooking has finished, and do not rinse. Then add the sauce it’s served with immediately, and serve it hot. In some recipes, you might have to allow 1-2 extra minutes of cooking with the sauce. In this case, reduce the first cooking time.
One trick to make the sauce stick to the pasta is to add a little bit of the boiling water to the sauce. The starches released into the boiling water will act as adhesives allowing the sauce to stick to the pasta.
There is a huge variety of sauces to be served with pasta. Many are tomato based, but there is also white sauce, flavoured white sauces, browned or burnt butter sauces, creams, cheese sauces, Bolognese, Milanaise…etc. Pasta dishes often include meats, fish, shellfish, ham…etc. They are often served with herbs, cheeses, vegetables…and the fillings may include: Meat, spinach with white sauce and cheese, mushrooms, sausages, livers…etc.
Pasta is usually served as a starter to a meal, usually followed by a meat/poultry/fish dish, but could also be served as a side to a main dish or as main at times.
Pastas and Their Commonly Used Names:
2. Mini Bow Ties
9. Fine Egg Noodles
11. Orzo (rosamarina)
14. Small Shell Macaroni
17. Wide Egg Noodles
19. Long Ziti
20. Capellini (angel Hair)
21. Lasagne Noodles
23. Ruote (Wagon Wheel Macaroni)
25. Acini di peppe
28. Tortellini (tortelloni is the same but larger)
29. Ditalini (tiney Thimbles)
34. Nested Vermicelli (Nested Spaghetti)
Related Links that you might find interesting
- Making Fresh Egg Pasta from Scratch
- Making Ravioli filled with Fresh Ricotta & Spinach from Scratch
- Spinach & Ricotta Ravioli In Tomato & Cream Sauce
- Understanding Sauces – A Background
- Spicy Clams and Parsley Sauce Pasta
- Spaghetti Alla Carbonara
- Mushroom Fettuccini Alfredo
- Pasta with Baked chicken, mushrooms, and roasted garlic
- Macaroni and Cheese
- Home-made Italian Basil Pesto
Let’s talk about the huge Italian movement out there whose aim is to reclaim Italian cuisine! Did you know of this?
Well, yes there is! These people behind the movement believe that because Italian cuisine is the most popular and loved cuisine in the world, Many people have started cooking their versions of “Italian foods and concoctions”. As such and with time, these “Italian dishes” became very far off from their original and authentic source, at times not even Italian at all, except for the use of an Italian ingredient such as pasta or Parmesan cheese or truffles to name a few.
Restaurants not following the authentic Italian way of making the food have led to many people around the world being confused what real Italian food and cuisine is. So much so that when in Italy tourists complain that the food they have in the restaurants there is “not Italian”! The Italian chefs and people took this to heart and started a movement to reintroduce authentic Italian cuisine and “real” Italian food to people all over the world and thus the movement came to life.
What do YOU think? Are you a purist who looks for the authentic experience? Or are you OK with fusions, mixes and matches so long as they taste good? Do you feel that the authenticity of cuisine should be preserved? Or are you with the view that supports the notion of ‘leaving the things of the past in the past and today the world is a global village and everything goes’?
I really love to hear your thoughts so do let me hear them 🙂
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15th Annual Smithsonian.com Photo Contest
Sunset over the Salar de Uyuni
Sunset over one of many islands on the salt flats of "Salar de Uyuni".
Vast, stunning, barren, harsh, surreal — all of these words characterise the southern Bolivia’s Salar the Uyuni and its surrounding high desert. It’s a stark and beautiful reminder of how small we humans are, particularly in the face of "Pacha Mama".
The beauty of salt flats with it's islands, motley mountains and chromatic lakes is in contrast with the hostility and harshness faced by people living in this environment. There are few places on earth where people survive in such a high, cold and barren region as the Altiplano and yet the striking people of indigenous Aymara tribe learned to make a living here centuries ago besides the pink flamingos, ancient cacti and the chinchillas.
© Matjaz Krivic.
All rights reserved.
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December 28, 2012
Consider This 2013 Health Resolution If You’ll Be 50 This Year
If you're turning 50 this year, you may want to consider adding a colorectal cancer screening to your New Year to-do list. The reason is simple. Recent studies confirmed that screening contributes to decreased colorectal cancer death rates, according to the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE).
Here are the facts. Colorectal cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in men and women and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. What's more, because the disease disproportionately affects African Americans, some experts suggest that black folks should begin screening at age 45. Doctors also offer the same advice to people with the following risk factors: a family history of colorectal polyps (fleshy growths on the inside of the colon), colorectal cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, type 2 diabetes and factors relating to diet, weight, physical inactivity, smoking and alcohol use, among other lifestyle habits.
The ASGE advises people to discuss their risk factors with their doctor to determine when they should begin colorectal cancer screening and how often they should be screened.
Doctors consider colorectal cancer a "silent killer" because often there are no symptoms of the disease until it is too late to treat the condition. Doctors also stress that even people who lead a healthy lifestyle can still develop polyps and cancer. Physicians also urge all men and women, age 50 or over, to discuss colorectal cancer screening with their doctor.
The preferred screening test is called a colonoscopy and is a preventive exam that finds and removes precancerous polyps during the examination. People who are at average risk with normal colonoscopy results don't usually need another exam for 10 years.
Both African Americans and Latinos are far more likely than whites to develop polyps in the colon that can lead to cancer. Click here to read more.
Search: American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, colorectal cancer, colonoscopy, African Americans
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Other Names for this Disease
- Chronic Idiopathic Jaundice
- Conjugated Hyperbilirubinemia
- Dubin-Sprinz disease
- Hyperbilirubinemia 2
hyperbilirubinemia with a relatively benign course. Symptoms may include a yellowish color to the skin (jaundice), and a liver that is sometimes enlarged and tender. The symptoms often do not present until puberty or adulthood. The syndrome interferes with the body's ability to move bilirubin from the liver. In most cases, treatment is not required.Dubin-Johnson syndrome is a type of hereditary
Last updated: 12/19/2008
- Habashi SL, Lambiase LR, MK Anand, KJ Mishark, Nguyen C . Dubin-Johnson Syndrome. eMedicine. October 10, 2006; http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/173517-overview. Accessed 12/19/2008.
- Dubin Johnson Syndrome. National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD). 2007; http://www.rarediseases.org/search/rdbdetail_abstract.html?disname=Dubin%20Johnson%20Syndrome. Accessed 12/19/2008.
- Dugdale, DC. Dubin-Johnson syndrome. MedlinePlus. July 22, 2008; http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000242.htm. Accessed 12/19/2008.
- Genetics Home Reference (GHR) contains information on Dubin-Johnson syndrome. This website is maintained by the National Library of Medicine.
- MedlinePlus was designed by the National Library of Medicine to help you research your health questions, and it provides more information about this topic.
- The National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD) is a federation of more than 130 nonprofit voluntary health organizations serving people with rare disorders. Click on the link to view information on this topic.
- Medscape Reference provides information on this topic. You may need to register to view the medical textbook, but registration is free.
- Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) is a catalog of human genes and genetic disorders. Each entry has a summary of related medical articles. It is meant for health care professionals and researchers. OMIM is maintained by Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.
- Orphanet is a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs. Access to this database is free of charge.
- PubMed is a searchable database of medical literature and lists journal articles that discuss Dubin-Johnson syndrome. Click on the link to view a sample search on this topic. | <urn:uuid:9f91820e-86cd-4c64-a703-63b50f472157> | CC-MAIN-2015-35 | https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/gard/6289/dubin-johnson-syndrome/resources/1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-35/segments/1440645340161.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20150827031540-00188-ip-10-171-96-226.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.840788 | 563 | 2.546875 | 3 |
If you have high blood pressure, you aren't alone: more than half of everyone between the ages of 55 and 74 has blood pressure higher than 120/80.
But just because it's common, don't take high blood pressure lightly.
High blood pressure - also known as hypertension - is dangerous because it makes your arteries and your heart work too hard. It also increases your risk for cardiac disease and stroke.
While there are no obvious symptoms and no cure for hypertension, here are some tips to help you maintain healthy blood pressure for a lifetime:
Swallow your medicine - if your health care provider prescribes medication to lower your pressure, take it as directed;
No butts about it - smoking is tough on your arteries, so if you smoke, quit;
Limit alcohol - excess alcohol use has been linked with high blood pressure, so drink only in moderation. For women, that is a maximum of one drink daily while for men, that is a maximum of two drinks daily;
Eat smart - a healthful diet, including reduced salt intake, can reduce blood pressure. Visit the National Institutes of Health's Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, or DASH, eating plan for pointers at NIH.gov;
Weigh your options - being overweight raises your blood pressure, so ask your doctor if you need to drop some pounds;
Fit for life - exercise helps to lower your blood pressure. Try to include 30 minutes of moderate activity almost every day;
Westfield Memorial Hospital offers free blood pressure screening the first and third Wednesday of each month from 2 to 4 p.m., in the hospital's front lobby. For more information, call 326-4921. | <urn:uuid:8f422794-084e-4b95-8deb-28c4ff05cb5a> | CC-MAIN-2015-11 | http://www.westfieldrepublican.com/page/content.detail/id/517003/Make-high-blood-pressure-a-high-priority.html?nav=5063 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-11/segments/1424936535306.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20150226074215-00334-ip-10-28-5-156.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.937967 | 343 | 2.96875 | 3 |
3D technology has remarkable potential and the possibility of its widespread domestic usage has the capacity to change the very way goods are designed and obtained.
How about creating your aspirin or antacid tablet right at home? This way, you can avoid the midnight trips to the pharmacy. The growing popularity of 3D printing may make this scenario a reality in the future.
3D printing is quite an old idea now. It is described as the process of making three-dimensional objects from a digital file. Accomplished using additive process, here an object is created by laying down multiple layers of material. It differs from the traditional process wherein the material is got rid of by drilling or cutting.
Medication Manufactured Using 3D printed Technology Gets Approval
A medicine manufactured using 3D printed technology got approval in August 2015. Spritam, made in a 3D printer, is manufactured depositing thin layers of powdered medication on a given surface. After depositing the layer of medication, the printer sprays it lightly with a liquid solution. This helps it to hold shape before the next layer is deposited. Spritam is a water soluble pill that prevents seizures in epilepsy patients.
Though this is the first pill to receive approval, the 3D printed pills have been in coming since quite some time and are a really promising step towards the creation of custom medication for the patients. Like the ink used in regular printers, the ink to be used in 3D printers is possible to be made of key pharmaceutical ingredients. Using the right ink, you can customise the texture, shape, stability and the solubility of the medicine to meet specific requirements of the patient.
Customised pills can open new avenues in the future. Instead of prescribing multiple medicines, the health care providers can create a pill combining all the prescribed medicines. This will help the patients living in isolated areas with little access to cutting edge treatments or medical facilities get treated. 3D printing also allows layers of medicine to be packaged tightly in the right dosage. With this, the health care providers need not follow the one-drug-fits-all approach but can make them custom ordered, based on patient needs.
A Glimpse of the Future
You may be questioned on your weight and get the percentage of body fat measured the next time you visit the pharmacy. This will help the medication to be printed according to your need.
It will be easier to make your kid take medicines with the personalised medication as you can choose the shape, design and the colour of the tablet. Your child will happily take pills if he finds it designed as his favourite superhero.
The access of this technology is expanding. Will it be safe to use 3D printed medication? What are the potential downsides? Can it lead to the proliferation of illegal drugs?
The vision behind 3D printed medication is that it will be customised for individuals to help it be safer as well as significantly more effective. Spritam used the 3D printed technology for the creation of a porous pill that is easy to swallow.
Since a drug has been approved, more drugs are likely to make its presence in the market. There are high chances of the pharmacists to tailor and print out personalised drugs by the next decade. Presently, the readymade drugs are possible to adapt and produced by 3D printed technology. This technology is acting like a proxy robot that mixes individual constituents like a cocktail maker.
The real challenge here is digitisation of chemistry so that you have a blueprint for the molecules and build drugs right from scratch. This blueprint can be encrypted to ensure that the drugs are made according to a validated blueprint. As it is the case with any new technology, anticipating and managing the downsides can be a race against time. Critics have raised concern about mislabelled blueprints and drugs filed under wrong description. Mistakes can be caused due to manual error as well.
There is also a concern about blueprint hacking. Though the encrypted codes are possible to hack, personalised medication will include an inbuilt validation system that allows drugs to be checked against known standards.
The 3D printed technology is up and running in several areas. It allows surgeons print artificial bones, architects print houses, fashion designers print odd dresses and food companies printing hamburger. The customised grafts and surgical implants are a crude adaptation of existing materials. The most exciting part of the innovation, the ability to create bespoke materials is yet to come.
Information by http://www.icreate3d.com/ | <urn:uuid:d30fca2c-a0a1-4593-8db9-78b2559eb9f7> | CC-MAIN-2018-30 | https://lerablog.org/general/3d-printing-opens-new-prospects-for-medicine/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-30/segments/1531676590329.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20180718213135-20180718233135-00216.warc.gz | en | 0.938013 | 918 | 2.84375 | 3 |
Artificial organs, manufactured limbs and robotic surgery long ago moved from the realm of science fiction to become routine components of modern medical care. Researching and designing those devices, as well as creating the equipment that provides sophisticated diagnoses and treatment for a host of diseases, is one of the most exciting, creative and rewarding careers there is.
Biomedical engineering brings together the highly technical principles of engineering and medical science, but it also has a distinctly person-to-person element. Its practioners need to be excellent communicators as they collaborate with medical professionals and explain complex concepts to others who don’t share their specialized technical background.
As an engineering student considering a masters degree in this field, be aware that the best biomedical engineering schools require students to complete equivalent amounts of coursework in biology and engineering, often combining the two subject areas to apply engineering principles to biological problems. Elective courses on subjects such as material science, medical imaging and neural imaging offer the background necessary for specializing in specific areas of interest.
So what career path specializations can you pursue in biomedical engineering? Here are some of them:
Bioinstrumentation is the field of designing and developing tools and equipment used to diagnose and treat diseases. Biomedical devices combine traditional biology and chemistry with sensors, electronics, microcontrollers, computer programming, optics, mechanics and mathematics to create technologies for recording and transmitting physiological information. Advances in the field have been used in techniques such as DNA sequencing, microarray analysis and mass spectrometry and have led to the new fields of genomics and proteomics.
Biomaterial engineers design and develop implant materials that are safe and compatible for use in the human body. The goal is to create materials that are chemically stable and inert as well as structurally sound enough, in some applications, to last a lifetime. Working with both manmade compounds and living cells and tissues, the results of biomaterial engineering have included heart valves, hip joint replacements, dental and hearing loss implants, vascular stents, medical staples and sutures, dissolvable dressings, biosensors and systems that deliver drugs to disease targets within the body.
Biomechanical engineers focus on designing and developing products that assist with motion inside the body. It’s been described as mechanics applied to biology, and work in the field has provided the basis for enhanced rehabilitation therapy practices and the design and manufacture of medical implants and orthotic devices. Biomechanics is also a tool used in exercise and sports training and the design of exercise and sporting equipment as well as the study of causes, treatment and prevention of sports injuries.
Cellular, Tissue and Genetic Engineering
This field focuses on the microscopic level, concentrating on cellular activity to understand the progression of diseases and develop methods of remediating or stopping them before they advance. It also includes the study of platforms to expand, implant and mobilize stem cells for tissue repair and replacement as well as the means of stimulating and of generating new tissue for disease treatment.
The work of medical imaging engineers has led to the marvels of non-invasive diagnostic equipment such as the MRI, CT and PET scanners, ultrasound devices and other technologies that provide and record real-time views inside the human body for diagnosis and treatment of injuries and diseases.
Clinical engineers work alongside doctors, nurses and other medical professionals in hospitals and healthcare facilities to help them implement and operate new technologies. Patient care has become increasingly dependent on these advanced technologies, and the clinical engineer is an important bridge between modern medicine and the engineering that supports it.
Bioengineers in this specialty design and develop implants and other medical products that are used to augment or replace damaged or diseased bones, muscles, cartilage, discs, joints and ligaments.
Closely allied with orthopedic bioengineering, the primary focus of this field is to design and develop prosthetics that allow patients to regain function in damaged body parts or to replace them entirely.
This specialty uses the tools of engineering to understand how systems in living organisms function and respond to changes in their environment. It combines experimental, computational and theoretical studies to advance the understanding of of the physiology of humans and other living creatures. | <urn:uuid:e55810af-60bf-4ac4-baa3-70531eaa63c1> | CC-MAIN-2018-43 | http://thealmostdone.com/2018/07/30/hot-careers-in-biomedical-engineering/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-43/segments/1539583515088.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20181022134402-20181022155902-00392.warc.gz | en | 0.94635 | 847 | 3.34375 | 3 |
|Part of a series of articles on the|
|Soviet space program|
The Voskhod programme (Russian: Восхо́д, IPA: [vɐsˈxot], Ascent or Dawn) was the second Soviet human spaceflight project. Two one-day crewed missions were flown using the Voskhod spacecraft and rocket, one in 1964 and one in 1965, and two dogs flew on a 22-day mission in 1966.
Voskhod development was both a follow-on to the Vostok programme and a recycling of components left over from that programme's cancellation following its first six flights. The Voskhod programme was superseded by the Soyuz programme.
The Voskhod spacecraft was basically a Vostok spacecraft that had a backup, solid-fueled retrorocket added to the top of the descent module. As it was much heavier, the launch vehicle would be the 11A57, a Molniya 8K78M with the Blok L stage removed and later the basis of the Soyuz booster. The ejection seat was removed and two or three crew couches were added to the interior at a 90-degree angle to that of the Vostok crew position. However, the position of the in-flight controls was not changed, so the crew had to crane their heads 90° to see the instruments.
In the case of Voskhod 2, an inflatable exterior airlock was also added to the descent module opposite the entry hatch. The airlock was jettisoned after use. This apparatus was needed because the vehicle avionics and environmental systems were air-cooled, and depressurization in orbit would cause overheating. A solid-fueled braking rocket was also added to the parachute lines to provide for a softer landing at touchdown. This was necessary because, unlike the Vostok, the Voskhod descent module landed with the crewmen still inside.
Unlike Vostok and the later Soyuz, Voskhod had no launch abort system, meaning that the crew lacked any means of escape from a malfunctioning launch vehicle.
Voskhod had a solid-fueled backup retrorocket on top of the capsule in case the main one failed (as it did on Voskhod 2). While Vostok lacked this feature, it was not considered a problem since the spacecraft would decay from orbit within 10 days. Relatively lightweight Voskhod was well below the 11A57 booster's lift capacity, meaning that it launched into a much higher orbit and would not decay as quickly.
The Voskhod flights, with launch dates:
|1||Voskhod 1||12 October 1964||1 d 0 h 17 m 3 s||13 October 1964||V. Komarov||K. Feoktistov||B. Yegorov||First multiman spacecraft.|
|2||Voskhod 2||18 March 1965||1 d 2 h 2 m 17 s||19 March 1965||P. Belyayev||A. Leonov||First spacewalk.|
While the Vostok programme was dedicated more toward understanding the effects of space travel and microgravity on the human body, Voskhod's two flights were more aimed towards spectacular firsts. Although achieving the first EVA ("spacewalk") became the main success of the programme, beating the U.S. Project Gemini to put the first multiman crew in orbit was the objective that initially motivated the programme. After those goals were realized, the programme planned to focus on other advances the spacecraft could accomplish, such as longer duration and a second female flight. However, there were delays preparing for Voskhod 3, and during that time the Gemini programme accomplished most of what had been planned for future Voskhods. In the end, the Voskhod programme was abandoned, aided by a change in Soviet leadership which was less concerned about stunt and prestige flights, and this allowed the Soviet designers to concentrate on the Soyuz programme.
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Voskhod program.| | <urn:uuid:6ca81e7b-90e1-4e42-9e8d-9b1313bb29bd> | CC-MAIN-2021-17 | https://www.knowpia.com/knowpedia/Voskhod_programme | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-17/segments/1618038468066.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20210418043500-20210418073500-00304.warc.gz | en | 0.972866 | 864 | 3.78125 | 4 |
HELPING YOUR TEEN COPE WITH DEPRESSION
Feeling low-spirited and down occasionally for a few days is normal for teens, but when the feelings of sadness or irritability last for a few weeks or even months, the cause might be depression. Recent surveys across the USA determined that up to 29% of high school students might be depressed. So, how do you know if your teen is depressed?
The most common signs of depression are a persistent low mood that affects feelings, thoughts, and behaviors. Feelings of sadness, irritability, hopelessness and worthlessness, a lack of energy, changes in eating habits, and trouble sleeping are also frequent symptoms.
In order to distract themselves from these feelings, teens may engage in harmful behaviors such as drinking, drug use, truancy, and hurting themselves or getting into fights. As a parent, you can help your teen cope with depression.
Here are a few strategies:
1. Let your teen know you are interested in how she is feeling. Make sure she knows you are available to listen to and to talk to her. Let her choose the moment when she is ready to open up. Invite her to have a conversation, but do not force her.
2. Empathize with your teen. When your son/daughter starts to talk, do not jump into solutions for your teen. Instead, listen actively without judgement and do your best to understand emotionally what your teen goes through. Do not try to fix him/her, but simply be there for her.
3. Encourage your teen to keep up with her daily activities, even if this is for shorter time periods. Participating in activities she enjoys will distract her, help her relax, and feel connected to others.
4. Give your teen opportunities to be active without being critical. For instance, instead of saying: “You should really get up and do something.” say: “I am going to the mall for an errand. Let me know if you want to come with me.” Inviting your teen to do something with you shows that you care and respect her without forcing her.
5. Accentuate the positive. It is important to recognize the positive things your teen is doing such as going to school, holding down a part-time job, or doing the dishes. We all like to be appreciated for doing a good job, even when it is expected from us. So, let her know you are proud of what she does and that she could be proud of herself as well.
6. Suggest your teen keep a journal. Writing about feelings, drawing, coloring, or writing poetry are some ways that can help teens express themselves. Often being able to identify and express feelings will improve how your teen feels.
7. Talk to your teen about seeing a professional who should be able to provide treatment. A mental health professional, a health care provider, a school counselor, or a clergy person might be persons who can help your teen get better.
Depression is a tough time for your teen. Showing her support by building empathy and understanding will help her not feeling alone. Oftentimes, when your teen shows several signs of depression, she probably needs professional attention.
WHAT TO SAY AND NOT TO SAY TO YOUR ANXIOUS CHILD
When your child is feeling anxious, even the most well-meaning parents may unknowingly pronounce hurtful words to their child. So, instead of alleviating your child’s anxious feelings, you will dismiss them. It is essential to remain calm and positive when encountering your child’s anxiety.
Here are 7 phrases to avoid and what to say instead:
1. “Don’t worry.” Saying these words will not prevent your child from worrying as She already does. This statement implies that her worries are unreasonable or unacceptable. Instead, say to your child “Can you tell me more about your worries?”
2. “It is not big deal.” Children generally know that their worries are indeed a big deal as they can affect their school performance, their relationships with their peers or their family. So instead, try this: “I notice you are feeling very anxious about this. Let’s do deep breathing exercises together.”
3. “You will be fine.” Your child will not feel reassured by this statement, as it does not resonate with what she experiences. Instead, give her some emotional support by saying “I am here to help you.”
4. “There is nothing to be afraid of.” Children do fear a lot of things in their daily life: judgement, peer rejection, failure at school or in sport/artistic activities. To ease your child’s fear, open the conversation by saying “Let’s talk about that.”
5. “I will do it.” When a child gets stuck because she is anxious, you might be tempted to do the task yourself. However, this does not help your child build coping skills. Instead, support your child by saying “I know you feel anxious about this. I am here to support you. What do you think is the best way to do it?”
6. “Stop thinking about that.” Your child would probably love to do this but cannot. So, instead give her support by saying “Let’s talk to your worried brain by telling it positive stuff.”
7. “I don’t know what you need.” This statement will frighten your child as she relies on you to help her. If you express helplessness, your child’s anxiety will spike. Try this phrase: “Let’s find strategies to help calm your mind right now.”
Coping with anxiety is a learning process that takes time, patience, and practice. By responding with compassion and by exploring with your child different strategies, she will progressively become better at dealing with her anxiety.
As a parent and a therapist, I want to offer some tips on how to raise happy and healthy kids. Please feel free to comment on my posts. | <urn:uuid:8b0618d0-3eaf-4bcf-a84a-e8ec82aff654> | CC-MAIN-2022-21 | http://www.therapistsophie.com/parenting-blog/archives/01-2019 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662530066.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20220519204127-20220519234127-00754.warc.gz | en | 0.96461 | 1,301 | 3.140625 | 3 |
A tale as old as time itself. The argument that shapes the Supreme Court and our everyday lives. How do we interpret the Constitution of the United States? While you might be thinking that this has everything to do with where a person might fall on the political spectrum, it really does not. In fact, this debate is more ideological and philosophical over everything.
When reduced down to the basics, the two views on the constitution are originalists and non-originalists. In common language, they are understood as understanding the constitution as a living, breathing document, and a stagnant document.
Here is the information regarding the two viewpoints…
Constitutional originalists believe that the constitution should be interpreted exactly how it was written and understood by the founders. In effect, they believe that there is little to no flexibility when it comes to understanding the law, even in modern day.
Even though times have drastically changed since the constitution was written, the intent is exactly the same as it was when the country was founded.
Originalists tend to be much more conservative in their views, especially when cases arise in regards to social issues, such as same sex marriage, etc.
Non-originalists believe that the constitution is a living, breathing document. In effect, this basically means that the constitution is much more flexible, and the passing of new laws that are brought to the Supreme Court must be analyzed and decided upon depending on both the constitution, as well as changing attitudes of the general populace.
Non-originalists tend to lean more towards liberal progressivism in terms of the kinds of things they deem constitutional or non-constitutional.
Despite whatever judges on the Supreme Court are currently serving, they all have the same intention in mind – to discuss and deem the legality of new laws and cases being brought to them. | <urn:uuid:cbb9595a-77ca-405e-acf6-cf685493390e> | CC-MAIN-2018-05 | https://www.vannormanlaw.com/2-views-constitution/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-05/segments/1516084893300.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20180124030651-20180124050651-00315.warc.gz | en | 0.969965 | 364 | 3.46875 | 3 |
The Pacific Swift (Apus pacificus), or Fork-tailed Swift, is a small bird, superficially similar to a House Martin. It is, however, completely unrelated to those passerine species, since swifts are in the order Apodiformes. The resemblances between the groups are due to convergent evolution reflecting similar life styles.
These birds have very short legs which they use only for clinging to vertical surfaces. The scientific name comes from the Greek ?????, apous, meaning "without feet". They never settle voluntarily on the ground. Pacific Swifts spend most of their lives in the air, living on the insects they catch in their beaks.
Pacific Swifts breeds from central Siberia eastwards through Asia. This species is migratory, wintering south to Australia. It is a rare vagrant in western Europe, but has been recorded as far west as Norway and Great Britain.
These swifts build their nests on cliffs, laying 2-3 eggs. A swift will return to the same site year after year, rebuilding its nest when necessary.
Pacific Swifts are similar in size to Common Swift, and they are black except for a white rump. They can be distinguished from a partially leucistic Common Swift by the deeper tail fork, longer wings, bigger head and larger white throat patch. | <urn:uuid:7e456245-f6a4-4236-99c4-83a1d27c231d> | CC-MAIN-2017-43 | https://www.kiwifoto.com/galleries/birds/fork_tailed_swift/index.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-43/segments/1508187825147.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20171022060353-20171022080353-00871.warc.gz | en | 0.951196 | 273 | 3.515625 | 4 |
Trials help producers find soybean varieties that mature earlier
Soybeans aren’t something new for Texas producers, but one Texas AgriLife Extension Service expert is trying to develop a production system that will help combat drought and include varieties that mature earlier.
• Texas AgriLife Extension seeks earlier-maturing soybeans.
• Beans are sought that bloom in more favorable conditions.
• Indeterminate varieties are better suited to Texas weather.
Texas always has been the westernmost state growing soybeans, with about 200,000 to 250,000 acres planted annually. Recently, though, drought conditions caused a drop in acreage, according to Travis Miller, associate department head and AgriLife Extension program leader in the Texas A&M University soil and crop sciences department, College Station.
Soybeans are a riskier crop than sorghum or wheat, he says. But having more than $14-per-bushel prices means there’s good money in beans “if you can make a crop.”
2 crop types
Miller is participating in the Mid-South Consortium trials being grown in Texas, Oklahoma, Louisiana and Arkansas under the direction of Larry Purcell with the University of Arkansas.
Soybeans can be a determinant or indeterminate crop, says Miller. Indeterminate means the crop can put on blooms and keep growing at the same time.
Determinant, or late-maturing soybeans, must reach a certain photoperiod, or day length, before they bloom.
“We are looking for varieties that can be early planted and which the bloom date coincides with more favorable growing conditions,” Miller says.
College Station is the southernmost trial. This trial includes eight varieties mixed between determinant and indeterminate varieties, with each planted on four different dates. The earliest planted was on March 26, and the latest planted was early June.
“We’re looking at the number of nodes per plant, plant height, bloom date — all factors that are affected by photoperiod and growing conditions,” Miller says.
He says they would like to find plants that are less photoperiod-sensitive to plant in regions with available sunshine and moisture.
Much faster beans
Determinant soybeans generally grow from May to September, or about 160 days, while the indeterminate varieties can be planted as early as March and harvested in late July or early August, or at less than 140 days, Miller says.
The indeterminate plants will grow and set pods at the same time, allowing more height and more nodes, “and that’s what pays,” he says.
“It also fits our weather patterns better,” Miller notes. “We know we get rain in April and May, and that’s the ideal time to set pods, so we would be able to use the weather patterns if we find indeterminate varieties for this region.”
Cut down on risk
“The overall goal is to minimize the risk and better utilize the weather and resources that we have,” Miller says.
Texas soybeans are primarily grown in the upper Gulf Coast, south of Houston and near Beaumont, northeast Texas along the Red River, and a smattering of irrigated acres on the High Plains, Miller says.
Once completed, the data on Miller’s 2012 trials, as well as past trials, can be found at varietytesting.tamu.edu.
Ledbetter is with Texas A&M Agriculture Communications, Amarillo.
EARLIER IS BETTER: Very early-planted indeterminate soybeans, on the right, work best in Texas, according to Travis Miller, Texas AgriLife Extension Service program leader, in College Station. Plants on the left were taller with later planting dates, but yields were not better.
bean HARVEST comes early: In a previous field trial, the early-planted indeterminate soybeans were ready to harvest much earlier in the season than later-planted beans. Texas AgriLife Research photos by Kathleen Phillips
This article published in the July, 2012 edition of THE FARMER-STOCKMAN.
All rights reserved. Copyright Farm Progress Cos. 2012. | <urn:uuid:988b0f3b-95c3-4ab9-8d75-000637633ec8> | CC-MAIN-2013-48 | http://farmprogress.com/library.aspx/trials-help-producers-find-soybean-varieties-mature-earlier-25/28/1817 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-48/segments/1386164844212/warc/CC-MAIN-20131204134724-00051-ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.944141 | 886 | 2.71875 | 3 |
K-means clustering is a data partitioning method and a combinatorial optimization problem. It is especially used in unsupervised learning. Given a set of points (as observations) and an integer k, the problem is to divide the given set of points into k partitions, often called clusters, in order to minimize a certain function. We consider the distance of a point to the average of the points of its cluster; the function to be minimized is the sum of the squares of these distances. There is a classic heuristic for this problem that is used in a wide range of applications. The problem is also studied as a classical optimization problem, with, for example, approximation algorithms.
USE CASE : FOXES UNDER SELECTIVE PRESSURE
In this imaginary use case, the dataset contains the level of three kinds of steroid hormones found in female or male foxes living in regions in which either they are intensively hunted, either they are protected. The following graph shows the dataset in a 3D space where each axis correspond to one steroid hormone level among Cortisol, Progesterone and Testosterone. The data points are organized in four classes (TYPE column) : Male and protected (value : 0, color : green), Male and intensively hunted (value : 1, color : red), Female and protected (value : 2, color : blue), Female and intensively hunted (value : 3, color : black). This graph shows that the higher the selective pressure on the animals, the higher their steroids hormones level, and the higher their survival abilities (high cortisol=high robustness and hunting abilities, high testosterone/progesterone=high fertility).
The purpose here is to ignore the TYPE column from the dataset and, using the K-means clustering method, to find a k-partition of the dataset close to the one provided by the TYPE column.
Here follows the 40 first rows (over 484) of the dataset : | <urn:uuid:e497d992-90ab-446b-ae14-e7f594d96616> | CC-MAIN-2021-39 | http://www.semspirit.com/artificial-intelligence/machine-learning/clustering/k-means-clustering/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780060803.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20210928122846-20210928152846-00629.warc.gz | en | 0.880781 | 399 | 3.3125 | 3 |
Rabies is a terrifying disease that poses a potential threat to humans, causing severe symptoms and even death. It is a zoonotic disease, meaning it can be transmitted from animals to humans, and dogs are among the common carriers of rabies.
What are the Risks of Getting Rabies from a Dog’s Lick?
In order to shed light on the risks associated with a dog licking you, be it your mouth, lips, or hand, I decided to delve into my research. I spent an entire afternoon sifting through notes from government agencies, medical websites, and the World Health Organization to gather all the necessary information about rabies and dog licking.
Getting Rabies from a Dog’s Lick
Before we dive into the details, let me give you a quick answer to the question: Can you get rabies from a dog licking you? The answer is yes, it is possible to contract rabies if a dog licks your mouth, lips, or an open wound where the virus can enter your body through their saliva. However, there is no need to panic right away.
If you reside in English-speaking countries such as the United Kingdom, Australia, or the United States, the likelihood of contracting rabies from a dog’s lick is extremely low. In fact, rabies has been virtually eliminated in these countries, with only a few reported cases of animal-to-human transmission each year.
Nevertheless, it is important to exercise caution in countries where rabies is still prevalent and avoid allowing dogs to lick you, especially around your mouth and open wounds. We will discuss these high-risk countries in more detail later on. But first, let us hear what the World Health Organization (WHO) has to say about contracting rabies from a dog’s lick:
“The rabies virus is mainly transmitted from the saliva of a rabid animal when it bites or scratches a person. Licks to wounds, grazes, broken skin, or to the lining of the mouth and nose can also transmit the virus.” (source)
Can a Dog’s Lick Cause Rabies?
While it is possible to contract rabies from a dog’s lick, several factors must align for transmission to occur. Let’s take a closer look at some important points I came across during my research:
- Rabies is not spread through unbroken skin: You cannot get rabies from a dog licking your hand, arm, or face unless their saliva enters an open wound or mixes with your own saliva.
- Rabies spreads through saliva: The primary mode of transmission for rabies is through a bite, where saliva containing the virus passes from the animal to the human. Consequently, you could potentially contract rabies if a dog licks your mouth or an open wound.
- Rabies is short-lived outside the body: Rabies virus can only survive outside the body for a short period, typically a couple of seconds. This means that if a rabid dog licks your hand, the virus will cease to be contagious once the saliva dries up.
- Rabies is rare in English-speaking countries: The occurrence of rabies in countries like the UK, Australia, the United States, and Canada is extremely rare. The disease has been effectively eradicated in these regions, with minimal reported cases.
Having covered these important points, let’s delve deeper into specific scenarios where dog licking could potentially result in rabies transmission, as well as explore the countries where caution is paramount.
Can You Get Rabies from a Dog Licking Your Mouth?
It is indeed possible to contract rabies if a dog licks your mouth, nose, or even your lips. The World Health Organization explains that rabies can be transmitted through dogs licking the mucous membrane lining your mouth, which naturally includes your lips.
You can get rabies from a dog licking your mouth, but the dog will need to be rabid in the first place. (Image source)
Can You Get Rabies if a Dog Licks an Open Wound?
Yes, you can get rabies if a dog licks your open wound, but this assumes that the dog is indeed infected with rabies. The World Health Organization provides the following advice on their website:
“People exposed to rabies should receive prompt post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) to prevent clinical rabies. PEP consists of wound washing, a series of rabies vaccinations, and in some cases, rabies immunoglobulin.”
They further emphasize the importance of washing wounds and scratches immediately with soap or detergent, thoroughly flushing them with water for approximately 15 minutes. If soap is unavailable, flush with water alone. Swift wound washing is the most effective first-aid measure against rabies.
Can You Get Rabies from a Dog Licking Your Hand, Feet, or Legs?
The chances of contracting rabies from a dog licking your hands, feet, or legs are highly unlikely, unless you have open wounds or cuts in these areas. The World Health Organization explicitly advises against allowing dogs to lick areas with broken skin, as this provides an entry point for their saliva into your body.
Bites and Scratches are More Dangerous
Dogs account for 99% of all reported rabies cases worldwide, but relatively few cases are attributed to dog licks. The majority of dog-to-human rabies transmissions result from bites or scratches.
Even if you are bitten by a rabid dog while abroad, the risk of infection is low, with a 2008 study suggesting a 15% chance of contraction. The study also emphasizes the importance of immediately and thoroughly washing any wounds, scratches, or mucous membranes with soap and water. If available, a povidone-iodine compound should also be used. Seeking medical treatment without delay to receive post-exposure vaccination is crucial.
As I mentioned earlier, the risk of getting rabies from a dog lick is very low in Western and English-speaking countries. Let me share some interesting data I found regarding various countries.
Rabies Statistics in the USA and Canada
Although rabies is not completely unheard of in North America, cases of transmission from dogs to humans remain scarce. Between 2009 and 2018, only 25 cases of human rabies were reported, and of those, 7 were acquired while traveling abroad.
Therefore, it is highly unlikely that you would get rabies from a dog lick in the United States or Canada. However, it is still advisable to avoid allowing dogs to lick your mouth, lips, or wounds as other diseases and illnesses can be transmitted this way.
Rabies Statistics in the UK
According to the UK government’s public health website, the risk of contracting rabies in England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland is minimal. Rabies does not circulate among wild or domestic animals in the UK, although certain species of bats can carry a rabies-like virus. Since 1902, no cases of human rabies have been reported in the UK, except for a single case in 2002 where an individual sustained multiple bat bites. Between 2000 and 2017, five cases of human rabies associated with animal exposures abroad were reported.
Based on this information, I am confident in assuring you that you will not contract rabies from a dog lick in the UK as of July 2020, when I conducted this research.
Rabies Statistics in Australia
Australia presents a similar scenario to the UK, indicating that the risk of contracting rabies from a dog lick is relatively low. The Australian government’s health portal states that the rabies virus does not exist among land-dwelling animals in Australia, although Australian Bat Lyssavirus (ABLV) occurs in bats and can be transmitted to humans and other animals. Since its identification in 1996, only three cases of human infection with ABLV have been recorded.
As in the UK and the USA, it is advisable to avoid your dog licking your face and mouth in Australia, as it could lead to other illnesses despite the low possibility of rabies infection.
Which Countries Pose a Higher Risk?
The risk changes when you travel abroad, as rabies is present in other countries where the chances of contracting the disease from a dog licking your mouth, wound, or hand are higher. Once again, I refer to the World Health Organization, which published the following statement on their website:
“Rabies is estimated to cause 59,000 human deaths annually in over 150 countries, with 95% of cases occurring in Africa and Asia. Due to underreporting and uncertain estimates, this number is likely a gross underestimate. The burden of the disease falls disproportionately upon rural poor populations, with around half of the cases affecting children under 15 years of age.”
For an up-to-date list of countries deemed high risk for rabies by the UK government, please refer to the Gov.uk website.
Reducing the Risk of Rabies
While it is highly unlikely for you to contract rabies from your dog licking you in the Western World, the same cannot be said when traveling abroad. If you are planning to travel, here are some measures you can take to reduce the risk of contracting the rabies virus:
- Cover any open wounds with plasters and bandages.
- Avoid approaching stray dogs in foreign countries.
- Refrain from allowing dogs to lick you, especially in proximity to your mouth, lips, or any open wound.
- Do not carry food near areas where stray dogs congregate.
- Receive a rabies vaccination before traveling.
Disclaimer: I am neither a veterinarian nor a disease specialist. The information provided in this article is based on my research as of July 2020 and should not be considered definitive. For professional opinions and expert advice, always consult relevant authorities and specialists.
I hope this article has put your mind at ease regarding the risk of contracting rabies from your dog’s lick. Unless you have a dog with rabies, which is uncommon in the UK, the United States, Canada, and Australia, the chances of getting rabies in these countries are incredibly low.
However, if you plan to travel to countries where rabies still poses a threat, please take extra precautions. If you have children, make sure they inform you if they have been licked or patted by a dog so that you can take appropriate measures.
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I regularly write about topics like this, and here are some recent articles that cover rabies and related diseases. | <urn:uuid:fe5ed053-d541-44c7-866b-ee60c2b4c80c> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | http://thenerdydog.com/can-you-get-rabies-from-a-dog-licking-your-mouth-lips-or-hand/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506623.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20230924055210-20230924085210-00092.warc.gz | en | 0.945661 | 2,171 | 3.0625 | 3 |
The Tower Bridge spans the Thames immediately below the Tower, and in the opinion of many its size unduly dwarfs that historic pile. 'Curiously unbeautiful, yet appropriately designed for its purpose and its propinquity to the ancient fortress that once was London's defence, this 'Gateway of the City' is strangely impressive, especially at dusk or dawn' (M. C. Salaman). The bridge, about 800 feet long between the abutment towers, was designed by Sir Horace Jones and Sir John Wolfe Barry, and was built in 1886-94 at a cost of �800,000 (including the approaches, �1,500,000). It has three horizontal spans. The lateral spans are suspension bridges, each 270 feet long, hung on huge chains passing from portal towers on the banks of the river to two lofty square Gothic towers, 200 feet apart, which rise from massive piers in the stream. These tall towers, the most conspicuous parts of the design, are connected with each other near the top by lattice-work footbridges (reached by staircases and lifts within the towers, but now closed), stretching like the lintel of a gateway 112 feet above the carriage-way forming the central span. This carriageway is formed of two bascules or drawbridges, 29+ feet above high-water, each weighing about 1000 tons and raised in 1+ minutes by hydraulic machinery to permit the passage of vessels through the bridge.
St. Katherine's Docks adjoin the north approach to the Tower Bridge, and London Docks are a little lower down the river. Edmund Spenser (circa 1522-99) was probably born in Upper East Smithfield, which bounds St. Katherine's Docks on the north. | <urn:uuid:71409de3-3c4c-48b6-922a-63cbca6d8032> | CC-MAIN-2019-47 | https://www.gardenvisit.com/book/london_and_its_environs_1927/33_the_tower_and_tower_hill/tower_bridge | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-47/segments/1573496670821.55/warc/CC-MAIN-20191121125509-20191121153509-00202.warc.gz | en | 0.963476 | 370 | 3.203125 | 3 |
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