text stringlengths 222 548k | id stringlengths 47 47 | dump stringclasses 95 values | url stringlengths 14 1.08k | file_path stringlengths 110 155 | language stringclasses 1 value | language_score float64 0.65 1 | token_count int64 53 113k | score float64 2.52 5.03 | int_score int64 3 5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
- Prior to the quarter, we need to have students test our on-line materials to ensure that they are functioning as we had expected;
- We need a clear structure in place prior to the start so that students can figure out how to navigate through the material.
Monday, September 26, 2011
Pete and I are attempting to trial our collaboration of next quarter in this quarter. The first week was rocky. This is what we learned:
I have to say that it has truly been a beautiful thing to work with Pete. About a year ago, it would have been disastrous for both of us. But since that time, both of us have gained some facility with seeing into our own assumptions and suspeding our viewpoints. From my assessment, Pete is far better than I at noticing his feelings and articulating them. This is an area where I really need to grow.
We sort of tripped on the starting line by not being ready with the students and they were angry by day 4, in my view. The primary problem was that the tool to help them learn physics was not showing them the answers, so it was an exercise in pure frustration. :O!
I am also working with three honors students on pulling together content for posting: learning objectives, video tutorials, homework problem sets for practice (not graded). It is remarkable what letting go of control will do to open up new possibilities. I have been thinking this was all my task and I am so amazed by how quick the students are. They can work circles around me! | <urn:uuid:e23c3cb7-c98f-4e64-88d3-7e0d0059d715> | CC-MAIN-2017-22 | http://3rdpersonnetwork.blogspot.com/2011_09_25_archive.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-22/segments/1495463612013.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20170529034049-20170529054049-00111.warc.gz | en | 0.987476 | 313 | 2.84375 | 3 |
‘Jagdamba ki Jai Ho! Those were the words spoken during the 1971 Bharat-Pakistan war by a wounded yet determined and courageous 2nd Lt Arun Khetrapal, when he went on to destroy Pakistani battle tanks, undeterred by the injuries he had sustained.
Risaldar Prayag Singh, who was the driver of Khetrapal’s tank named ‘Famagusta’, during a conversation with IANS shared the details of the last day of the war.
“Khetrapal was a devotee of ‘Maa Jagdamba’ and raised these slogans to infuse motivation,” he said.
Narrating the war story, Singh said: “The 17 Poona Horse was assigned to the command of the 47th Infantry Brigade during the India-Pakistan War of 1971, which was involved in the Battle of Basantar in the Shakargarh sector. The brigade had to build a bridgehead across river Basantar. On December 15, it captured its objective, despite it being filled with extensive mines by the enemy, preventing deployment of tanks of Poona Horse.”
Singh from 17 Horse said: “It was a joint operation by 17 Horse, 4 Horse (two armoured regiments), 16 Madras and 3 Grenadiers. The engineers cleared the mines halfway while the Indian troops noticed alarming activity of the enemy armour asking for air support. At this juncture, the 17 Poona Horse decided to push through the minefield.”
“On December 16, Pakistani armour launched its first counter-attack. The commander of the squadron immediately called for reinforcements. Second Lt Arun Khetarpal from a squadron stationed close by responded promptly, along with the rest of his regiment and launched a ferocious counter attack.”
“He was able to subdue the enemy advance with his tanks successfully. However, during the battle, the commander of the second tank got injured. Left alone as the in-charge, Khetrapal continued his attack on the enemy. However, the enemy did not retreat despite heavy casualties. Khetrapal attacked the incoming Pakistani troops and tanks, taking down an enemy tank in the process. However, Pakistani forces counter-attacked. In the ensuing tank battle, Khetrapal with two remaining tanks held his ground and destroyed 10 enemy tanks.”
“However during the fierce tank battle, Khetrapal’s tank was hit by enemy fire, but he did not abandon the tank… instead, he kept fighting. The tank was hit by fire and he had injured his legs. I climbed on the tank and doused the fire. But in the meantime, he was martyred,” said Singh.
His final words over the radio to a superior officer who ordered him to abandon his burning tank were, “No Sir, I will not abandon my tank. My main gun is still working and I will get these b******s.”
Saying these words, he set about destroying the remaining enemy tanks. The last enemy tank, which he shot, was barely 100 metres from his position. At this stage, his tank received a second hit and the shell entered the tank through its cupola, ripping his stomach. Khetarpal met a hero’s death, trying to deny the Pakistani Army the intended breakthrough.
The enemy could not get the passage it was so desperately seeking and not a single enemy tank could get past him.
“I also received bullet injury in my leg which slowly healed,” said Singh.
“While 2nd Lt Khetrapal got Param Vir Chakra, I got my name Mention-in Despatch which describes a member of the armed forces whose name appears in an official report written by a superior officer and sent to the high command, in which their gallant or meritorious action in the face of the enemy is described,” Singh said.
(The story has been published via a syndicated feed with minor edits to conform to HinduPost style guide) | <urn:uuid:ddd00b39-9141-4cca-a39d-29f1ae6a9ffb> | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | https://hindupost.in/history/jagdamba-ki-jai-ho-2nd-lt-arun-khetrapals-battlecry-in-1971-war/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224647639.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20230601074606-20230601104606-00375.warc.gz | en | 0.984179 | 857 | 3 | 3 |
If you thought the human genome project was impressive its scope and scale. think about the human connectome project.
I recently shared with you the fruit fly brain atlas, comprised of about 100,000 neurons, and compared it to the human brain with some 100 billion neurons.
The first high resolution images of the “connectedness” of the human brain are beginning to emerge:
Mapping of the human connectome offers a unique opportunity to understand the complete details of neural connectivity. The Human Connectome Project (HCP) is a project to construct a map of the complete structural and functional neural connections in vivo and in various individuals. The HCP represents the first large-scale attempt to collect and share data of a scope and detail sufficient to begin the process of addressing deeply fundamental questions about human connectional anatomy and variation. A collaboration between MGH and UCLA, the HCP is being developed to employ advanced neuroimaging methods, and to construct an extensive informatics infrastructure to link these data and connectivity models. Working closely with other HCP partners based at Washington University in St. Louis we will provide rich data, essential imaging protocols, and sophisticated connectivity analysis tools for the neuroscience community.
This is an amazing example of collaboration across disciplines of medicine, genetics, neuroscience, computer science and imaging technologies.
So far, their conclusions:
Through this comprehensive white matter mapping project we will provide the neuroscience research community with a novel resource for connectomics that will have a significant impact for our enhancing our understanding of the rich neuroanatomical connectedness of the human brain.
I predict that years from now, we will look upon these beautiful images with a level of understanding that we can only imagine now. Who knows? Such meta-cognition might even guide us towards more profound discoveries. | <urn:uuid:4278f770-0f6b-478c-abfc-0293e87333d0> | CC-MAIN-2015-14 | http://scienceblogs.com/deanscorner/2010/12/27/human-connectome-our-brains-at/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-14/segments/1427131299114.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20150323172139-00178-ip-10-168-14-71.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.91738 | 364 | 2.703125 | 3 |
.. an electrochemical cell which captures the electrical energy of a chemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen, in a reverse electrolysis, and converts it into electrical current, releasing water as exhaust.
In simple terms, a fuel cell uses hydrogen and oxygen (from the air) to produce energy, with heat and water produced as by-products. The electrochemical cell captures the electrical energy of the chemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen and converts it into electrical current.
Fuel cells are combined to form a 'stack', in order to provide the levels of power output required for practical use.
The team at Auriga Energy has developed fuel cell systems incorporating our control and power management units, combined with our engineering experience, to produce high-efficiency systems for a number of product families.
With cheap and easily accessible oil coming to an end together with the realisation that gas supply will peak in just twenty years the need to find clean, alternative energy sources is becoming increasingly important.
Generating electricity from hydrogen is a clean, highly efficient, electro-chemical process, producing no emissions or toxic waste.
..an array of solar or photovoltaic cells, semiconductor devices that converts solar energy into usable electrical energy, using the photovoltaic effect.
Through our sister company, Auriga Solar, we aim to bring the benefits of solar photovoltaic power to the user to benefit from the micro-generation feed-in-tariff incentives | <urn:uuid:289b7202-2de9-4681-abe9-e3751e61afe2> | CC-MAIN-2018-51 | http://www.auriga-energy.com/technology/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-51/segments/1544376823320.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20181210080704-20181210102204-00143.warc.gz | en | 0.905981 | 292 | 3.375 | 3 |
Also called Cannabis, hemp is a modern fiber. Characterized in different manners relying upon which country you are in. Most nations see THC < 1% to be a non-drug type of (cannabis for drug use is generally more than 10% THC). Smoking hemp is bound to create cerebral pain more than everything else! There are an assortment of notable uses for hemp; today we will inspect how to cultivate this plant legitimately.
Non Toxic Agriculture
To grow cannabis, it offers a considerable lot of the credits of cannabis development. Hemp and cannabis develop and look a similar way. Hemp requires no pesticides or herbicides to fill effectively In contrast with cotton, this is significant, as cotton crops have 24% of the world’s pesticides showered on them, yet cotton just has a 2.4% worldwide piece of the pie!
The harvest should be filled in all around prepared soil for a decent yield. Hemp is adequately flexible to fill in various soil types however fills best in sandier soils. In the same way as other harvests, the better the dirt, the higher the yield. Similarly as with all plants, nourishment is acquired from the dirt in which the plant develops. Some accept this is the thing that kept hemp from staying a standard yield. Mono-refined hemp ranches must be upheld by the expansion of synthetic substances.
Mechanical hemp is ideal subsequently, in harvest revolution cultivating where a manageable permaculture is set up. With a huge tap root, hemp can remove supplements from profound inside the dirt. As the plants bloom and are collected, falling leaves mulch into valuable nourishment to keep the dirt sound. The yield from a hectare of the plant is in the area of 9 tons of fiber in <100 days and 2 tons of seed in < 120 days! Utilizing quality seeds and planting with the right dividing is the most ideal approach to guarantee an ideal yield. Scope is a significant factor to consider when picking seed assortment. Prior to planting the main harvest, the state of the current soil ought to be surveyed.
Deciding harvest time will rely on either the development of the seed or the degree of defoliation. Join collectors are the typical technique for gathering seed from the harvest while fiber is cut/cut. Reap timing can be influenced by the hemp assortment and the sort of harvest required. Elective gathering procedures incorporate;
The yield is gathered finished and baled nearby prepared for the pulping cycle. For fiber and hurd/shiv creation, the Hemp tail should be gathered finished.
This is a normally natural cycle where the hurd/shiv is isolated from the fiber. It is imperative to get a decent ret in light of the fact that it has a significant influence in fiber quality and helps in preparing. Retting can be accomplished through various techniques;
- Dew retting
- Water Retting
- Synthetic Retting
- Crailar Enzyme retting
Contingent upon the technique utilized it takes somewhere in the range of 1 and 5 weeks to finish hemp retting. Accomplishing a decent yield and great hemp fiber is reliant after planning the retting accurately. Prior to baling and capacity, the windrows ought to be turned with the goal that the retting is even across the harvest. Prior to baling and capacity, the windrows ought to be turned so the retting is even across the yield. A chaffer with strainer utilized in-field will create around a 25% cross pollution of the hurd/fiber blend.
Partition of the fiber from the hurd is called decortication and as a rule requires a sizeable structure. To be productive, a decortication office needs to accomplish high throughput; such plants cost around $10 to construct. Around the globe today there are just 10 significant decortication offices. MDF creation likewise requires a plate purifier. Material creation will ordinarily require scotching, hackling and brushing. | <urn:uuid:e89ab5f8-0bd1-41c5-86da-b11215c1a811> | CC-MAIN-2022-21 | https://sistempemerintahanindonesia.com/growing-industrial-hemp/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662560022.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220523163515-20220523193515-00606.warc.gz | en | 0.940407 | 819 | 2.703125 | 3 |
2017 may have been the greenest year for electricity ever in the UK, but as recently as 2015, a report by the International Energy Agency found that four-fifths of the energy that goes directly into energy supplies around the world comes from fossil fuels. We all know by now that this continued reliance on ‘dirty’ methods of energy generation isn’t sustainable for lots of reasons. This is why, in our new report, we ask: ‘What’s the real cost of fossil fuels?’
Cost is the key word here, and is the core focus of the report. After all, the impact of continued fossil fuel use isn’t just associated with a financial cost; there are environmental, health and sociological costs that stack up with each lump of coal that’s burnt.
Let’s pull a few headline points from the report as an example - fossil fuels contribute to increased health problems due to polluted air, a wider gulf of inequality between the rich and poor, and military conflicts in areas rich in oil.
To highlight and explain the relationships between these problem areas and how they tie into the wider climate change debate, we spoke to experts from organisations including the NHS and World Wildlife Fund, who work to combat these issues every day.
Our report isn’t all doom and gloom though, as here at Good Energy we’re very much about providing a solution to the climate change problem (that’s why we spend all day talking about renewables!). As our CEO Juliet Davenport concludes:
“It’s about thinking across the board holistically and coming up with new thoughts about what we can really do as society going forwards.”
You can read the full report here. | <urn:uuid:a5a1a37a-eba5-4d00-b8e5-e7e7a2004b7c> | CC-MAIN-2018-09 | https://www.goodenergy.co.uk/blog/2018/01/19/cost-of-fossil-fuels/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-09/segments/1518891811243.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20180218003946-20180218023946-00494.warc.gz | en | 0.963788 | 360 | 3.03125 | 3 |
Fortress of Cosel
Origin and History
At the beginning of the Seven Years' War, Cosel (present-day Kędzierzyn-Koźle) was one of the medium sized fortresses in Silesia.
Its first fortifications dated back to the time of the Second 2nd Silesian War (1744-1745) despite claims by certain author that the place was already a stronghold in Austrian time (see G. Podruczny research). Indeed in 1744, General Gerard Cornel Walrave directed the construction of these main fortifications. The inner fortress adopted the shape of a five branches star with 4 ravelins put in the concave angle of its branches with a covert way and moat. The outer works where also star shaped but with nine branches.
The main reason to set up a fortress at Cosel was its natural defensive value. The fortress was located on the right bank of the Oder River between two rivers: the Oder and the smaller Klodnitz River (present-day Kłodnica), flowing into it. The western access to the city could only be made through a bridge connecting the fortress to the left bank of the Oder. The fortress was located on the left bank, covering this bridge which was also protected on the right bank by small fortification works. Access from the West was difficult by Wiegschütz Lake (present-day Większyce) and from North and South through swamps.
As a new conflict was approaching, fortifications were rebuilt and fixed.
During the Seven Years' War, the fortress was under the command of:
- since December 11 1753: Christoph Fredrich von Lattorf
- from April 3 1762: Gerard von Sass
Garrison during the War
From 1756 and during the entire war, the fortress was garrisoned as follows:
- Garrison Artillery (1 coy of about 130 men once reinforced by invalids from the field artillery)
- Miners (1 detachment)
- Hussars (1 unidentified detachment of about 100 men)
- Artillery (unknown quantity) N.B. in 1746 the artillery of the fortress consisted of
- 7 iron guns
- 2 x 10-pdr iron howitzers
- 1 x 30-pdr mortar
- 17 x 12-pdr bronze guns
- 8 x 6-pdr bonze guns
- 14 x other bronze guns
- 4 x 10-pdr bronze howitzers
- from August 2 1756 to the beginning of 1758
- Grenadier Battalion 28/32 (1 bn) under Major Johann Fredrich von Kreytzen (left soon after the outbreak of the war)
- I./Garrison Regiment VI von Lattorf (1 bn)
- II./Garrison Regiment VI von Lattorf (1 bn)
- III./Garrison Regiment VI von Lattorf (1 bn) raised on August 1 1756 and sent to Brieg in 1758
- IV./Garrison Regiment VI von Lattorf (1 bn) raised on August 1 1756 and soon included into the Field Corps of General de La Motte Fouqué
- from the beginning of 1758 to November 16 1758 (about 1,300 men)
- from November 11 1758 till 1759 (?)
- from 1760 to 1762
- from August 2 1756 to the beginning of 1758
Events during the War
1756-1757 – Preparing for war
On July 3 1756, the garrison started to collect wood for defence work (palisades and others works).
In September, new traverses were raised, and the palisade and other works like outposts were completed.
In October, the ravelins were improved.
In November, the laboratory, where bombs and grenades were filled with powder) was finished.
From December 1756 to March 1757, the supply and powder magazines were surrounded with a palisade.
From January to March 1757, two draw bridges were built and the construction of advanced defensive works on the left bank of the Oder started under the supervision of Lieutenant-colonel von Wrede. Meanwhile, work was also done on the main fortress and on Lunette No. 5.
From September to November, palisades were erected around the small outpost redoubt (so-called Wiegschütz redoubt) near the lake.
In December, a palisade was erected around the covert way.
1758 – Fortress service
At the beginning of 1758, the fortress served mainly as a big, protected supply magazine. Its proximity to the Oder made it a good starting point to transport provisions towards Moravia during the Prussian invasion.
On June 21, a supply convoy of 818 wagons left Neisse (present-day Nysa) and Cosel for Moravia where the Prussian army had undertaken the 1758 - Siege of Olmütz. This convoy was escorted by 8 bns (2,000 recruits and convalescents) and 1,100 cavalry under the command of Colonel Friedrich von Mosel. The first and second battalions of the Garrison Regiment V von Mützschefahl also formed part of this escort while the third and fourth battalions of this regiment were attached to the garrison of Cosel. The 2 battalions accompanying the convoy later took part in the ambush at Domstadtl.
On July 25, an Austrian detachment of 3 grenzer bns (1,500 men) and a few hundreds hussars under Lieutenant-colonel Kalinerk appeared in front of Cosel. On July 31, this detachment blockaded Cosel from Pogorzelec.
From the end of July to November 14, the Austrians undertook the siege of Cosel.
On November 14, a Prussian relief force led by Carl Christoph von Goltz and Paul von Werner ("Standing" Grenadier Battalion V von Rath, IR42 Markgraf von Brandenburg Fusiliers, 400 dragoons and 5 sqns of HR6 Werner Hussars) arrived at Reinschdorf (present-day Reńska Wieś). It had been sent by General de La Motte Fouqué to relieve the fortress. It left its heavy baggage and satchels behind, crossed swamps and bushes and attacked the Austrians. Meanwhile, Lattorf made a sally from the fortress. The Austrians were thus attacked from both sides and soon broke and run, leaving 130 men on the field, 50 men taken prisoners and 18 wagons. Goltz and Werner pursued the Austrians. "Standing" Grenadier Battalion V von Rath and 50 men from HR6 Werner Hussars remained in Cosel to reinforce the garrison.
On December 22, Lattorf received the “Order of the Black Eagle” for his conduct during the siege.
1759 – Calm before the storm
In 1759, Cosel was once more used as a large magazine of supply and siege materials (woods, poles and fascines).
In March, work was resumed for the repair of the palisades. The city's coffers were nearly empty.
On June 17, an Austrian force (1,500 grenzers and hussars) under Kalinek and Klein blockaded Cosel from the eastern side of the Oder. The blockade lasted till July 15.
On November 12, General de La Motte Fouqué visited the fortress.
1760 – A year of siege
Loudon soon sent small detachments towards Cosel, Ratibor (present-day Raciborz), Leobschütz (present-day Głubczyce) and Neustadt (present-day Prudnik). On March 26, one of these detachments appeared in front of Cosel but soon retired to Kranowitz (present-day Krzanowice).
In July, Frederick II, ordered to execute all deserters without trial.
In the Fall, Loudon appeared in front of Cosel. He held a council of war where it was decided to lay siege to the fortress. From October 7, heavy rain delayed the beginning of the siege.
On October 20, Loudon (20,000 men) marched in 2 columns from Oberglogau (present-day Głogówek) and began the siege of Cosel which lasted till October 29 when the Austrians abandon their endeavour in face of an approaching Prussian relief force.
On October 30, the rest of the Austrian units retreated, burning all fascines before leaving. One small detachment under Colonel Hieronim Baron Liubibraticha von Trebynia (2 grenzer bns, 100 hussars) had been previously sent to Urbanowitz (present-day Urbanowice) to reconnoitre the region around this stronghold but it was now forced to retreat to Ratibor (present-day Racibórz) by Loudon's retreat from Cosel. Austrian main forces went to Oberglogau (present-day Głogówko).
Lattorf admitted that he had lost no more than 7 men wounded during the siege. Other sources mentions only 2 dead and wounded overall. Austrians losses are unknown.
1761 – Year of financial difficulties
During the campaign of 1761, Cosel was behind the lines of the main operations. Frederick II instructed Lattorf to draft soldiers from the units garrisoning the fortress to reinforce his own army. Lattorf also informed the king of the situation on the border. An Austrian force (5 bns, 2 grenadier coys, 13 sqns, for a total of 4,600 men and 12 guns) led by Bethlen blockaded Cosel.
Later the same year, General Draskovitz arrived with dragoons and 2 additional infantry regiments to take command of the blockading force.
In September, Draskowitz (13 bns 15 sqns) withdrew to Silberberg, leaving Bethlen corps (4 bns, 2 grenzers bns, 17 sqns) to resume the blockade.
At this time, Cosel started to mint its own coins, bearing the legend “COSEL/1761”.
1762 – Year of peace
On April 3 1762, Colonel Gerard von Sass assumed command at Cosel, replacing Lattorf.
On May 12, General Paul Werner started to assemble a strong corps in Cosel to threaten Moravia.
On June 13, another Prussian Corps under the command of Major-General Karl Christoph von Zeuner arrived at Cosel, bringing some baggage and wounded soldiers. This corps forced the Austrians to withdraw and prevented a new siege of the fortress.
On June 16, a new Prussian detachment arrived and encamped along the Klodnitz River (present day Kłodnica).
Tomasz Karpiński from Gniezno/Poznań for the initial version of this article. | <urn:uuid:88df9985-ce24-4df1-b74d-cf4a360d1278> | CC-MAIN-2019-39 | http://www.kronoskaf.com/syw/index.php?title=Fortress_of_Cosel | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-39/segments/1568514575860.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20190923022706-20190923044706-00227.warc.gz | en | 0.951746 | 2,344 | 3.578125 | 4 |
“Overflow” is the excess or surplus fluid unable to be contained by any available space; a vessel filled beyond its own capacity; to spill over, to rise above the rim and stream forth.
Overflow Sign > The poor and needy seek water, but there is none, their tongues fail for thirst. I, the LORD, will hear them; I, the God of Israel, will not forsake them. I will open rivers in desolate heights, and fountains in the midst of the valleys; I will make the wilderness a pool of water, and the dry land springs of water. I will plant in the wilderness the cedar and the acacia tree, the myrtle and the oil tree; I will set in the desert the cypress tree and the pine and the box tree together, that they may see and know, and consider and understand together, that the hand of the LORD has done this, and the Holy One of Israel has created it. (Isaiah 41:17-20 NKJV)
Perpetual Overflow > Every living thing that gathers where the river goes will live. There will be very many fish, because these waters go there and make the salt water clean again… All kinds of fruit trees will grow on both sides of the river. Their leaves will not dry up, and they will never stop giving fruit. They will give fruit every month, because their water flows from the holy place. Their fruit will be for food and their leaves for healing. (Ezekiel 47:9,12 NLV)
- Emptiness – “Empty” means containing nothing, poured out and dry as dust, having no value or clear purpose. Life without Jesus Christ is desolate and worthless. Let us confess our exhaustion, admit our dissatisfaction, and repent of our wandering away.
- Emancipation – “Freedom” is deliverance out of slavery into eternal sonship; from lost and wandering to adopted and beloved. Our Father so loved us, that he sent Jesus Messiah to cast our shackles into the sea and place us in favored seats at his table.
- Escalation – “Escalate” means rapid increase, growing intensity, to skyrocket above the earth and soar beyond the stars. Once we are satisfied in Jesus and listening to our Shepherd’s voice, the Banner of All Nations will cultivate increasing fruitfulness.
Holy Spirit Prayer
- Give me clear sight to discern those around me who are poor and seeking water.
- Father, thank you for not forsaking us; thank you for leaving the 99 to carry us home.
- Our Heavenly Father is the Wellspring Tender: he creates living water in desolation.
- The nations will recognize the presence of the Holy Spirit; he will draw them to Jesus.
- Let us go down to the river to pray; let us gather at the river to praise the Lord in Spirit!
- The Holy Spirit moves at the Father and Son’s pace; let us not run ahead or fall behind.
- Help us to be vessels of gospel acceleration while resting alone in Christ.
Personal Reflections > What are the initial signs of my spiritual burnout and emotional exhaustion? How do these Scriptures give me strength to face difficult times and dry seasons? When will I spend more time during this new week enjoying and releasing Holy Spirit overflow?
Maranatha Overflow Verses
Abundance > “Along the bank of the river, on this side and that, will grow all kinds of trees used for food; their leaves will not wither, and their fruit will not fail. They will bear fruit every month, because their water flows from the sanctuary. Their fruit will be for food, and their leaves for medicine.” (Ezekiel 47:12 NKJV)
Depend > Happy are those who have the God of Jacob to help them and who depend on the LORD their God, the Creator of heaven, earth, and sea, and all that is in them. He always keeps his promises; he judges in favor of the oppressed and gives food to the hungry. The LORD sets prisoners free and gives sight to the blind. He lifts those who have fallen; he loves his righteous people. He protects the strangers who live in our land; he helps widows and orphans, but takes the wicked to their ruin. (Psalm 146:5-9 GNT)
Holy Spirit > “When, however, the Spirit comes, who reveals the truth about God, he will lead you into all the truth. He will not speak on his own authority, but he will speak of what he hears, and will tell you of things to come. He will give me glory, because he will take what I say and tell it to you.” (John 16:13-14 GNB)
Horn of My Salvation > I love you, O LORD, my strength. The LORD is my rock and my fortress and my deliverer, my God, my rock, in whom I take refuge, my shield, and the horn of my salvation, my stronghold. (Psalms 18:1-2 ESV)
Mighty Warrior > Mighty warrior, strap your sword at your side. In your majesty and splendor – in your splendor ride triumphantly in the cause of truth, humility, and justice. May your right hand show your awe-inspiring acts. (Psalms 45:3-4 HCSB)
Radiance of God’s Glory > The Son is the radiance of God’s glory and the exact expression of his nature, sustaining all things by his powerful word. After making purification for sins, he sat down at the right hand of the Majesty on high. So he became higher in rank than the angels, just as the name he inherited is superior to theirs.” (Hebrews 1:3-4 HCSB)
Vine > “Remain united to me, and I will remain united to you. A branch cannot bear fruit by itself; it can do so only if it remains in the vine. In the same way you cannot bear fruit unless you remain in me. I am the vine, and you are the branches. Those who remain in me, and I in them, will bear much fruit; for you can do nothing without me.” (John 15:5-6 GNB)
Yahweh Our Righteousness > “The days are coming” – this is the LORD’s declaration – “when I will raise up a Righteous Branch of David. He will reign wisely as king and administer justice and righteousness in the land. In his days Judah will be saved, and Israel will dwell securely. This is what he will be named: Yahweh Our Righteousness.” (Jeremiah 23:5-6 HCSB)
Want more lessons & videos? Please visit our site > blazingtrees.org/maranatha
#Jesus #maranatha #storytellers #overflow | <urn:uuid:dd2d8b4d-ec03-4ebd-b98c-4c866247217a> | CC-MAIN-2020-05 | https://blazingtrees.org/2019/08/05/maranatha-overflow-isaiah-41-maranatha-storytellers-church/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579251700988.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20200127143516-20200127173516-00121.warc.gz | en | 0.944406 | 1,461 | 2.75 | 3 |
Earth Day will be commemorated this Saturday, 22 April. It marks the anniversary of the contemporary environmental movement that started in the 1970s. On this day, environmental issues are thrown into the spotlight, to be pondered and reflected upon, and hopefully be solved. On this day, we celebrate the planet’s environment and raise public awareness about the many woes that our planet is facing, largely due to our own actions – and inactions.
From oil spills and pollution, to massive waste and deforestation; the world’s demand for economic progress has led to much developments globally. More often than not, they are done at the expense of the environment. Here in Southeast Asia, a slightly more insidious process is happening which is affecting the region’s environment greatly – urbanization.
Currently, over half of the world’s population lives in urban areas and the United Nations predicts that by 2050 over two-thirds of people will live in cities. While urbanisation has been a trend for a while in Europe and North America, the shift is just beginning to take place in Asia and Africa. 90 per cent of the increase in urban populations through 2050 is expected to come from those two continents. A migration and massive shift of people—that is estimated to reach a whopping 1.5 million people a week—is bound to have major consequences. Climate change is already an issue that ASEAN countries are grappling with. The combined effects of climate change and urbanisation could potentially be devastating to societies across the region.
This has already been acknowledged by the Association of Southeast Asia Nations (ASEAN). ASEAN recently convened the eighth East Asian Summit (EAS) Seminar on Sustainable Cities in Chiang Rai, Thailand in a bid to push out sustainable urbanisation initiatives. The establishment of the ASEAN Initiative on Environmentally Sustainable Cities (ESC) forms a beacon of hope for a long-term strategy to promote and expedite on more sustainable actions to keep the adverse effects of massive urbanisation at bay.
ESC prioritises low-carbon technologies and encourages cities to strive for a carbon-neutral economy. It also promotes responsible use of natural resources and waste-to-energy initiatives. Private companies and city governments have come up with an array of creative solutions and the Internet of Things (IoT) is forming up to be one of the most promising tactics and solutions. From electric buses and autonomous vehicles, to smart street lighting and smart power grids – IoT will be able to drastically reduce carbon emissions and environmental impact by virtue of being connected to the Internet. Some of the biggest opportunities lie in placing devices on a smart grid — a highly efficient power grid that uses advanced programs and wirelessly connected devices to distribute power without wasting it. This can in turn be used in buildings, which take up significant space in urban areas.
Local governments and city councils recognise the value of IoT in helping cities achieve their sustainability goals. In our upcoming events in Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, and Philippines, government and public service representatives from different agencies (e.g Thailand’s Metropolitan Electricity Authority, Indonesia’s Jakarta Smart City and DISKOMINFO Depok City) will be attendance and they will be looking out for IoT solutions that not only make cities more efficient and high-tech, but also sustainable and environmentally-friendly.
If ASEAN cities are going to make the urbanization trend environmentally sustainable, businesses, citizens, and the government will have to continue to work together to come up with innovative solutions.
If you are interested in introducing and showcasing your green IoT solutions to our esteemed participants across ASEAN, please contact me at email@example.com for more information. | <urn:uuid:a5955d25-f0cb-4ea8-a5e0-3c8e104f18d2> | CC-MAIN-2019-09 | http://iotbusiness-platform.com/blog/earth-day-special-alleviating-environmental-woes-asean-iot/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-09/segments/1550249490870.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20190223061816-20190223083816-00181.warc.gz | en | 0.933608 | 754 | 3.078125 | 3 |
UGA Extension publications offer research-based, free information to
Georgians on topics including agriculture, the environment, families, food, lawn and garden,
Your Household Water Quality: Odors in Your Water
Water Quality and Common Treatments for Private Drinking Water Systems
Conversion Tables, Formulas and Suggested Guidelines for Horticultural Use
Native Plants for Georgia Part I: Trees, Shrubs and Woody Vines
Turfgrass Fertility: Soil Texture, Organic Matter, Aeration, and pH
Successful lawn care requires a basic understanding of soil properties. A healthy plant starts with healthy soil. Soil is a complex relationship of soil minerals, organic matter, soil inhabiting organisms, and plants along with water and air. Understanding when and how to aerate the soil and understanding what pH is and how it affects plant health is essential for turfgrass health. This publication aims to help homeowners and landscape professionals improve soil fertility through the techniques discussed. Published on Nov 7, 2014.
Starting Plants From Seed for the Home Gardener
A number of plants, particularly vegetables, annuals, and herbs, can be grown from seed. There are many advantages to propagating plants from seed. This publication provides information on seed selection, materials, seeding techniques, thinning, and transplanting. A step-by-step, quick reference guide is also included. Published on Oct 1, 2014.
Windows User-Friendly Feed Formulation for Poultry and Swine
This publication (WUFFDA) provides a program designed to help formulate feeds for poultry and swine. It is available in the following languages: Afrikaanse, Chinese, Croatian, English, French, Korean, Minnesotan, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Turkish and Farsi. Published on Oct 30, 2014.
Using Cover Crops in the Home Garden
Cover crops can be an important component to any home garden. They are used for various reasons, including building the soil, controlling soil erosion, and limiting the initiation and spread of certain diseases and insects in the soil. This publication is designed for homeowner and Master Gardener audiences and discusses the benefits, selection, planting and use of cover crops in the home garden. Published on Sep 30, 2014. | <urn:uuid:d514caa7-318b-4689-afc3-2fc0abe48218> | CC-MAIN-2014-49 | http://extension.uga.edu/publications/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-49/segments/1416931009825.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20141125155649-00104-ip-10-235-23-156.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.897529 | 459 | 3.046875 | 3 |
What is an HTTP API?
Send textSMS using an HTTP API URL using the internet. An HTTP API is a simple set of query parameters in a URL, allowing website owners and programmers to send SMS using the internet.
Using an HTTP API is one of the most common ways programmers use to allow the Web to send text SMS to handsets. (Application to Person or A2P messaging – this type of messaging could be application to handset/user or user to application also known as replies).
Programmers combine API URL’s with a web form and a script to enable website users to send SMS to handsets.
In our previous article, we described how to send text SMS using a website. This website is an example of our HTTP API at work.
How does an HTTP API work?
An HTTP API is in simple terms a query string which users may use in a web browser to send a text SMS. There are different API’s and each text SMS supplier has their own documentation. HTTP API’s are in general not charged for as it is seen as supplying a service to customers.
Our API URL looks like this:
User/systemid = Username – we set users up with a test account and supply a Username and password
pass = password
sid = sender id of the message
mno = destination mobile number
text = message text
type = message type [0, 1, 2, 3, 4,5 ]
esm = esm class for message
dcs = data coding scheme
Concatenated Unicode message type =0 esm = 64, dcs =8 , limit(280)
( Note :esm for any concatenated message will be 64)
Concatenated English message type =5 esm = 64, dcs =0 , limit(280)
Ring Tone message type = 0 esm = 64, dcs =245, limit(320)
Greek message type = 0 esm = 0, dcs =0 , limit(320)
English message type = 1 esm = 0, dcs =0,
Unicode message type = 2 esm = 0, dcs =8
WAPPush message type = 3, esm=64,dcs=245
Flash message type = 4 esm = 0, dcs =8
Special character type = 5, esm=0 dcs=0 (160 char message)
Bulk SMS clients may use up to 50 commas (,) separated numbers per HTTP POST – one number per HTTP POST will lead to latency so please use one number per URL only if sending streaming SMS.
How to test the textSMS API URL:
Do the following to ensure your API URL is working when you receive your test account and documentation:
- Open Notepad or any other text editor.
- Edit the URL:
https://username:email@example.com/websms/webmsg?user=&pass=&sid=&mno=&text=&type=&esm=&dcs=with the parameters supplied in order to test the URL in a browser.
- Your URL will look like this:
- Open a browser and copy and paste the above URL with the details you want to send to the browser:
- Check your phone:
- Look in your browser – you will note:
Response ID: 2264874This is a response id linked to the message in our database. You have to keep a record of these response ids in order to query textSMS if errors occur.
The above test confirms that the HTTP API URL is working and you or your programmer may now proceed to set the HTTP API up to work with a programming language of your choice. This will enable you and or your clients to send SMS from your website.
Important note before we proceed:
GSM number format is required to send textSMS: Country code + network prefix + number for example: 076 123 9696 will be: 27761239696. (There may be no zero and no plus sign at the beginning of destination numbers or sender id’s.
Combine the HTTP API URL with a web form and a script to send textSMS:
We will use PHP as a scripting language in our example. We do, however, have sample scripts available for the following scripting languages:
- Visual C#
- Visual Basic
In our example you or your programmer will need three files:
- Web form (HTML file).
- Script file (PHP or any of the above-mentioned scripts).
- Thank you file to redirect to after the textSMS is sent (HTML file or a redirect link).
In this example, we want to set website visitors up to test a specific route before they register for a test account.
We create a simple web form where a user may enter their number to send a test SMS.
The HTML part looks like this:
The second step it to set up the PHP file or script:
Create a thanks.html file or redirect the users to the PHP script to a page you wish, for example, a contact or registration form.
Upload your files to a directory on your server and send a test using the form. That is it!
Our HTTP API allows users to send the following types of textSMS:
- English message 160 characters including punctuation.
- Flash message
- Concatenated Unicode
- Concatenated English message (more than 160 characters – amount of credits used will depend on the number of characters)
- Greek messages
- WAP Push (this is mostly for older handsets. Link Text messaging replaced WAP Push messages)
- Special characters (ÉAUÖUÖOÜìöüòöùéàü'”+!%/=()%26@%3C%3E,;.:$Ł”>&@<>,;.:$Ł) – subject to route support.
- Message status check – response id is required.
- Remaining wallet or credit check.
Your programmer may use different forms and set up different scripts to send the different type of textSMS messages.
Programmers will also be able to build advanced functionality into your site for you.
Contact us to get your test account and HTTP API documentation today! | <urn:uuid:4e8ac8b3-335d-4481-b38e-0a89aaf6b1d5> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | https://e-spectations.com/digital-blog/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257650993.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20180324190917-20180324210917-00667.warc.gz | en | 0.775839 | 1,339 | 2.53125 | 3 |
[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WD93tBGimpo]A few years ago, checking that the site worked in the two main browsers (Firefox and Internet Explorer) was all that mattered; the validity of the markup was not deemed important. You will still hear people talking about “both browsers” as if nobody ever used anything other than Internet Explorer or Firefox, but this is a very outdated attitude.There are so many different devices now (such as PDAs, tablets, smartphones, screen and Braille readers for the visually impaired, and a variety of alternative web browsers) that building a site for each of them would be impossible. Even if you managed to cover all devices currently in use, something else will be released next week. Your best hope is to comply with the standards.
The latest generation of web browsers (Internet Explorer, Chrome, Firefox or Safari) are the most standards-compliant ever. Browser manufacturers have realized that standards are a good thing.
Back in 2000 when Netscape released Netscape 6, they dropped backward-compatibility for many of the hacks and proprietary code that had been developed for their version 4 browsers, in favor of developing a browser that displayed code written to comply correctly with the W3C recommendations.
This phasing out of deprecated markup could easily happen again with mainstream browsers, as they continue down the path of compliance with the W3C recommendations. So if you write non-standards-compliant markup, it may not be readable in future browsers.
Additionally, many of the presentational tricks in common use today are exploitations of browser behavior. There is nothing to say that a newer version of the browser will behave in the same way. Validating your document will give you peace of mind knowing that the latest and greatest version of Internet Explorer, Chrome, Firefox or another browser won’t leave you with a broken web site.
Accessibility is becoming a legal requirement in many countries. Even in those where it is not, ensuring that everyone can use your site is an excellent aim. Should laws be applied to the organizations you are creating your sites for in the future, you will not need to begin rebuilding in order to comply with them.
Complying with web standards will assist you in ensuring that your web site is accessible to those with disabilities. Though you can still create an inaccessible site when adhering to the standards, compliance with the standards does, at the very least, offer a greater chance that devices such as screen readers and Braille readers can interpret the markup correctly and make your content understandable. With a solid base of valid markup, you will be on a good footing to ensure that your site is fully accessible to all web users.
Accessibility need not just apply to users with disabilities—those using limited devices such as PDAs and web phones will also benefit from clean, compliant code, as will search engine robots (which understand the standards and use them to help them spider and index the content of sites and decide where in the ranking a site should be placed).
Ease of Debugging
As we have already mentioned, standards-compliant code can be far quicker to debug. Often, by simply validating and fixing errors that are flagged up, you can isolate and correct a display issue. Even if the process does not correct the problem, you will be well placed to work out where the problem lies.
If you post to design- and development-related mailing lists with a problem, you are likely to get a better response if you can demonstrate that you have validated your markup and that this has not corrected the problem. It also makes it easier for someone to look over your code in order to give you some help and advice on the issue, so you are more likely to receive helpful replies to your queries.
Working As a Team
Working to the standards also makes it easier for other people working on your project, or taking on the project after you, to pick up where you left off. Many designers create HTML pages that will be used as templates for a content management system or other dynamic site. By creating templates that conform to standards, you will make it far easier for those who then need to incorporate that design into server-side code. You’ll also enhance your appearance as a professional who knows what he is doing—neat, valid markup looks far more impressive than a tangled mess of incorrectly nested tags and proprietary code. | <urn:uuid:194e3dcb-7fa4-4e83-91bd-5175df9c827e> | CC-MAIN-2021-21 | https://lerablog.org/technology/web-design/the-importance-of-web-standards/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-21/segments/1620243988696.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20210505203909-20210505233909-00639.warc.gz | en | 0.935087 | 912 | 2.703125 | 3 |
b. 26/01/1880 Little Rock, Arkansas. d. 05/04/1964 Washington DC.
DATE OF MOH ACTION: 07-12/1941 Bataan Peninsula, Luzon, Philippines.
Douglas MacArthur was born in Little Rock, Arkansas, on January 26, 1880, the son of Arthur MacArthur, Jr. and Mary “Pinky” Hardy. Arthur MacArthur was an army officer and a Union hero of the American Civil War. “Pinky” was the daughter of a cotton merchant from Norfolk, VA. During the Civil War, her brothers fought for the Confederacy.
Douglas MacArthur was the youngest of three children. As a young boy, MacArthur accompanied his family to various military posts across the United States from New Mexico to Washington, D.C. As a young man, MacArthur attended the U.S. Military Academy at West Point. He began his studies there in 1899. While at West Point, MacArthur managed the football team and played on West Point’s baseball team. MacArthur excelled at West Point. When he graduated in 1903, he was first in his class and had one of the best academic records in the history of West Point.
Following graduation, MacArthur was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. His first duty assignment was in the Philippines, where his father had been military governor from 1900-1901. In 1905 MacArthur accompanied his father, who was at this time a Major General, on an official tour of Asia. During this time, MacArthur visited military bases in Japan, China, Malaysia, Indonesia, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Sri
Lanka. Shortly after returning to the United States, MacArthur reported to Washington, D.C. for duty. For a while, he served as an aide to President Theodore Roosevelt in the White House.
In 1914, the United States occupied the port city of Vera Cruz, Mexico. MacArthur was sent to Vera Cruz on a special intelligence gathering mission. With several guides, MacArthur ventured into enemy territory to find locomotives that the Army could use to transport troops and supplies into Mexico. MacArthur and his guides were attacked by bandits several times. Armed with only a .38 caliber revolver, MacArthur killed seven attackers, and escaped with only four bullet holes in his clothing. He was nominated for the Medal of Honor for this action, but the award was denied.
When World War I started, a then Major MacArthur was involved in the creation of the 42nd “Rainbow Division.” The 42nd Division was made up of men from twenty-six different states. MacArthur coined the term “Rainbow” because he described the multi-state 42nd Division as stretching from coast to coast – like a rainbow. MacArthur was promoted to Colonel and was made Chief of Staff of the 42nd Division. In November of 1917, the 42nd Division arrived in France. Once there, the 42nd
Division took part in some of the fiercest fighting American forces were involved in during World War I. MacArthur served with distinction during World War I,
earning two Distinguished Service Crosses, a Distinguished Service Medal, and seven Silver Stars. In 1932, he was awarded two Purple Hearts for injuries sustained in World War I as the result of two separate mustard gas attacks. By the end of the war, MacArthur was a Brigadier General.
After the war, MacArthur returned to the United States and was named superintendent of the U.S. Military Academy at West Point. Today, MacArthur is considered the father of modern West Point. During his tenure as superintendent, he updated West Point’s curriculum and made athletics a core part of the program. These innovations met with strong resistance at the time, but were more accepted in later years. In 1922, MacArthur married Louise Cromwell Brooks, a wealthy socialite.
Louise disliked army life and the couple divorced in 1929.
During the 1920’s, MacArthur also served two tours of duty in the Philippines, and later led the U.S. Delegation to the 1928 Olympics in Amsterdam. In 1930 he was appointed Chief of Staff of the U.S. Army, by President Herbert Hoover. During his tenure as Chief of Staff, MacArthur was involved in the controversial Bonus March.
During the Great Depression, President Franklin Roosevelt extended MacArthur’s term as Chief of Staff. On President Roosevelt’s request, MacArthur helped
organize the Civilian Conservation Corps – a New Deal program that put tens of thousands of young men back to work. When MacArthur stepped down as Chief
of Staff in 1935, he once again returned to the Philippines. He was named Field Marshal of the Philippines and was given the responsibility of preparing the armed
forces of the Philippines for independence as well as preparing the Philippine Islands for defence against possible Japanese aggression.
In 1937, MacArthur married Jean Marie Faircloth, a wealthy socialite from Tennessee who he had met on the way to Manila in 1935. In 1938 the couple had a son – named Arthur MacArthur IV in honor of MacArthur’s father. When World War II started in the Pacific in 1941, the family was living in the Philippines. When the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, they also attacked the Philippines. As the United States entered the war, MacArthur was ordered to organize
the defence of the Philippines and to defend against a Japanese invasion. MacArthur’s efforts stalled the Japanese but did not prevent the invasion. His forces eventually retreated to the Bataan Peninsula and the Island of Corregidor, where they bravely continued their resistance.
World War II was fought on two fronts – the European Theatre and the Pacific Theatre. When the war began, President Roosevelt decided on a “Europe First” strategy – which meant that the bulk of the war effort would be aimed at defeating Nazi Germany first. When that was accomplished, it was decided that the focus would then shift to defeating Japan. Although promises were made concerning the rescue of the forces in the Philippines, nothing substantial was done to aid MacArthur and his forces. In early 1942, as the situation in the Philippines became more desperate, President Roosevelt ordered MacArthur to escape the Philippines and go to Australia.
When MacArthur arrived safely in Australia, he promised to return and liberate the Philippines. For his defence of the Philippines, in the face of overwhelming odds, MacArthur was awarded the Medal of Honor – the highest military honor in the United States. It would take him more than two years to keep his promise to return to the Philippines, but gradually MacArthur led his forces towards the Philippines by retaking other islands that the Japanese had conquered. MacArthur’s strategy of
bypassing Japanese strong points and attacking weaker areas was called “Island Hopping.”
Wading ashore at Leyte on October 20, 1944, MacArthur kept his promise to return to the Philippines. Shortly thereafter, MacArthur was made a five-star general –
one of only five men elevated to the five star rank of General of the Army. By early 1945, the eventual defeat of Japan seemed certain – it was just a question of how
much longer the war would last and how many more lives would be lost. Around this time, MacArthur was involved in planning the anticipated invasion of Japan. If Japan was invaded, Allied and Japanese causalities were expected to be extremely high. To avoid further bloodshed, Potsdam Declaration was sent to the Japanese in July 1945. This declaration called for the Japanese to surrender or face total destruction. When the Japanese refused these terms, President Truman decided to use the atom bomb against Japan to force an end to the war and thereby minimize casualties on both sides.
The first bomb was dropped on Hiroshima on August 6, 1945. Defying expectations, Japan did not surrender. As a result, on August 9, 1945, a second bomb was dropped on Nagasaki. Despite opposition from military leaders, Emperor Hirohito decided that it was his duty to save the lives of his subjects and end the conflict. The Japanese formally surrendered on September 2, 1945. MacArthur presided over the surrender ceremony. Following the surrender of Japan, MacArthur took over the
administration of the Occupation of Japan. During this time, he and his family lived in Tokyo.
From Tokyo, MacArthur personally oversaw the rebuilding and democratization of Japan. MacArthur refused American pressure to strip Emperor Hirohito of his throne and played a role in crafting a new Japanese constitution that outlawed war and gave Japanese women the right to vote. In addition, during the first year of the Occupation, the Japanese were faced with starvation. In response, MacArthur ordered food and other supplies to be made available to the Japanese. For these efforts, MacArthur became very popular with the Japanese people.
In 1950, while MacArthur was still in Japan, communist North Korea invaded South Korea. MacArthur was placed in charge of a multinational UN force and was ordered to push the North Koreans out of South Korea. MacArthur was very successful in doing this, and was on the verge of unifying North and South Korea, when hundreds of thousands of Chinese communist troops began pouring into North Korea. MacArthur’s troops were surprised by the Chinese, and were eventually forced to retreat. MacArthur wanted to strike back at the Chinese, but President Truman was worried that the conflict would escalate into World War III. Over time, both men publicly disagreed over the strategy and policy of the war. As a result, Truman eventually relieved MacArthur of his command on April 11, 1951.
After an absence of 14 years, MacArthur returned to the United States. He received a hero’s welcome. On April 19, 1951, MacArthur addressed a joint session of Congress and delivered his famous speech “Old Soldiers Never Die.” The speech itself was only 36 minutes long, but it was interrupted at least 50 times by applause and standing ovations. For a time, MacArthur’s popularity soared, and in 1952 he was even considered a possible presidential contender. MacArthur never became President, but General. Dwight D. Eisenhower, a man who had once served as MacArthur’s aide, won the presidential election of 1952. In later years, MacArthur met
with and advised President Eisenhower, President Kennedy, and President Johnson.
Towards the end of his life, MacArthur wrote his autobiography Reminiscences and was awarded West Point’s prestigious Thayer Award. In accepting the award, MacArthur delivered his famous “Duty, Honor, Country” speech. On April 5, 1964, MacArthur died at Walter Reed Army Hospital in Washington, D.C. He was 84 years old and was survived by his wife Jean and his son Arthur.
MacArthur’s body lay in state at the 7th Regiment Armory in New York, then at the Capitol Building in Washington, D.C., and finally at the MacArthur Memorial in Norfolk, Virginia. On April 11, 1964, the thirteenth anniversary of his dismissal by President Truman, MacArthur was buried with full honors at the MacArthur Memorial in Norfolk, Virginia.
Since then, more than 4.5 million people have visited the MacArthur Memorial to learn about the life and times of General Douglas MacArthur. His legacy continues.
For conspicuous leadership in preparing the Philippine Islands to resist conquest, for gallantry and intrepidity above and beyond the call of duty in action against invading Japanese forces, and for the heroic conduct of defensive and offensive operations on the Bataan Peninsula. He mobilized, trained, and led an army which has received world acclaim for its gallant defense against a tremendous superiority of enemy forces in men and arms. His utter disregard of personal danger under heavy fire and aerial bombardment, his calm judgement in each crisis, inspired his troops, galvanized the spirit of resistance of the Filipino people, and confirmed the faith of the American people in their Armed Forces.
BURIAL LOCATION: OLD NORFOLK CITY HALL MEMORIAL CEMETERY, NORFOLK, VIRGINIA.
GRAVE IN CENTRE OF BUILDING, MAIN FLOOR.
LOCATION OF MEDAL: FAMILY. | <urn:uuid:55779ef3-b039-4937-9668-ae65737cb92b> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://victoriacrossonline.co.uk/douglas-macarthur-moh/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100674.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20231207121942-20231207151942-00170.warc.gz | en | 0.978739 | 2,486 | 3.1875 | 3 |
Specific White Matter Patterns Linked to Youth PsychopathologyLast Updated: January 29, 2018. General psychopathology is a heritable trait in youth that may be detected early in life through brain structural connectivity, according to a study published online Jan. 24 in JAMA Psychiatry.
MONDAY, Jan. 29, 2018 (HealthDay News) -- General psychopathology is a heritable trait in youth that may be detected early in life through brain structural connectivity, according to a study published online Jan. 24 in JAMA Psychiatry.
Dag Alnæs, Ph.D., from Oslo University Hospital in Norway, and colleagues analyzed clinical symptoms, as well as cognitive function, in 6,487 individuals (aged 8 to 21 years from Nov. 1, 2009, to Nov. 30, 2011) participating in the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort. A subset of 748 participants had diffusion magnetic resonance imaging brain scans.
The researchers observed a significant association with general psychopathology levels and cognition. The feature most associated with both of these traits was a brain white matter pattern reflecting frontotemporal connectivity and crossing fibers in the uncinate fasciculus. Across a range of clinical domains and cognitive test scores, this feature's transdiagnostic importance was confirmed with univariate analysis. Both the general psychopathology (16 percent; P = 0.05) and cognitive factor (18 percent; P = 0.01) were heritable, with a negative genetic correlation.
"Dimensional and heritable general cognitive and psychopathology factors are associated with specific patterns of white matter properties, suggesting that dysconnectivity is a transdiagnostic brain-based phenotype in individuals with increased susceptibility and symptoms of psychiatric disorders," the authors write.
|Previous: Pre-Op Physical Therapy May Cut Pulmonary Complications||Next: MRI Diagnostic for Differentiating Low-Grade Bladder Cancers|
Reader comments on this article are listed below. Review our comments policy. | <urn:uuid:61e2d13e-d685-40fb-998e-ad5d248186de> | CC-MAIN-2018-47 | https://www.doctorslounge.com/index.php/news/pb/78060 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-47/segments/1542039742316.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20181114211915-20181114233915-00448.warc.gz | en | 0.89459 | 396 | 2.75 | 3 |
- Your due-date is probably not your child's birthday.
That's because a mere 5% of babies are actually born on their estimated due date. A due date is just an estimation of when labor is most likely to start based on the average time it takes to conceive and carry a baby to term.
- The human body is far too unique for medical averages
The due date calculate is based on the average time of four distinctly unique events - namely, when you ovulated, conceived, the zygote implanted, and of course, your child's rate of growth in your more-unique-than-average body.
- Your true due date hides in the fog right up to labor
Estimating your individual due date based on multiple variable averages is like trying to select a due date on a tiny calendar with giant sausage fingers: it's going to be approximately in the right region, but could easily be off by up to a week or more. | <urn:uuid:baa636e5-82cf-4950-b4dd-5fe4364e1096> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://center.babygaga.com/learning/s/a/due-dates-are-wrong | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719815.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00303-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957503 | 195 | 2.84375 | 3 |
COLUMBUS — In January the Ohio High School Athletic Association approved a new, nationally-mandated pitch count regulation set forth by the National Federation of State High School Associations.
This new regulation sets a pitch count standard that replaces the old regulation in Ohio. The previous rule was that a high school pitcher could pitch up to 10 innings within a three-day span. Now, a pitcher may pitch up to 125 pitches in one day but with some stipulations attached to their count. The number of pitches thrown in a day determines how much rest must be provided to the hurler between game appearances.
If a pitcher throws 1-30 pitches during a contest, zero days of rest are required. If the pitcher reaches anywhere between 31-50 pitches, a one-day rest period is required. Between 51-75 pitches thrown will make a two-day rest period necessary and 76+ pitches thrown means that the pitcher must rest at least three days before their next appearance.
“I think the vast majority of high school coaches are very aware of overuse injuries and manage their ballplayers well,” said Galion varsity coach Phil Jackson. “Some players can handle more pitches per outing or per day than others. Some of the reasons may be muscle and body development or the development of proper throwing technique. The counts that Ohio has adopted are fairly liberal compared to other states”
“I think 80 percent of the coaches follow that rule anyway,” Clear Fork coach Rusty Staab said. “I think the rule is for the coaches who overuse or abuse a pitcher’s arm for the victory and do not appear worried about the future of that student athlete’s arm.”
If a pitcher’s team is scheduled to play in a doubleheader that day and throws more than 31 pitches in the first game, that particular pitcher is not allowed to pitch in the second game later.
If a pitch count maximum (125 pitches) is met during an at bat, the pitcher is allowed to exceed the pitch count but only to finish the dual with the current batter.
If a game is suspended or interrupted, due to weather or darkness for example, the pitches thrown in that contest will count towards this newly accepted regulation.
In the case of scrimmages or preview games, all pitches thrown in those particular contests also count towards the regulation.
Jackson said it will force some adaptations to long-time strategy.
“(We will) not be able to bring a pitcher back to close a later game a couple of days after he pitches, like we could before,”he said. “This could lead to the development of a “closer” role for many teams. It also could mean higher scoring games and late inning comebacks because with the earlier removal of the starters — usually the teams best pitchers — teams are more likely to rally against relievers, which are typically not quite as dominate as starters. Teams will likely have to carry one or two more players on their varsity roster in the event the first couple of pitchers struggle early in the game.”
Jackson says he expects a deep, and talented, pitching staff this year for the Tigers.
“This year I feel the Galion pitching staff is both talented and deep. We have a good mix of veterans and young arms to help us compete. With the new rule, a deep staff is more vital than ever and I like where we stand with that.”
Coaches are required to submit pitching data for all pitchers involved in the contest to a designated data collection system at the conclusion of the game. The data kept on all pitchers must also be made available to the OHSAA upon request.
If a player violates the pitch count regulation, victories will be forfeited.
“It won’t be much different from our standpoint,” Highland coach Don Kline said. “We’ve been very cognizant of player health for a long time, so it won’t be much of a difference. If anything, it gives credence to the philosophy of pounding the zone and taking pitches on offense.
“Overall, for strategy, it will force coaches to look at both sides and possibly take more pitches and see how the defense counters,” Kline said.
Rusty Staab, head baseball coach at Clear Fork High School, kept his offering on the change in regulation short.
The baseball season is right around the corner for area high school teams. Hours of conditioning have already been put in and soon the cleats shall be laced up and outfields around the state roamed. It appears that most coaches already keep an eye out for the overall safety and protection of a student athlete’s arm on the mound. Soon we shall see exactly the impact, if any, the new regulation has on the ebb and flow of the game. | <urn:uuid:c0086fd6-6a19-4ec0-bc16-9fb2669d0774> | CC-MAIN-2019-18 | https://www.galioninquirer.com/sports/16999/baseball-coaches-will-adjust-to-new-ohsaa-pitch-count-rules | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-18/segments/1555578528523.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20190420040932-20190420062932-00340.warc.gz | en | 0.971473 | 1,007 | 2.578125 | 3 |
This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages)(Learn how and when to remove this template message)
|Part of a series on|
Various Marxist authors have focused on Marx's method of analysis and presentation (historical materialist and logically dialectical) as key factors both in understanding the range and incisiveness of Karl Marx's theoretical writing in general and Das Kapital in particular. One of the clearest and most instructive examples of this is his discussion of the value-form, which acts as a primary guide or key to understanding the logical argument as it develops throughout the volumes of Das Kapital.
Marx himself presents a simplified explanation in the Appendix to the first German edition of Das Kapital published in English translation in Capital & Class. The need for this appendix was suggested by Engels and there is an exchange of correspondence concerning its purpose and form.
The two principal components of marxist science are the dialectical method of logical deduction and genetic synthesis and its application to the evolution of real social history. While in each of these areas considered separately there are at least a number of scholarly works, there are few examples of substantial exegesis and fewer still successful applications of marxian method to the fundamental obstacles to class-consciousness today. This is reflected both at the general level of lack of understanding of the social nature of technological change embodied in Marx's theory of the value-form, reflected in widespread ignorance of the detail of the 'rational kernel' of Hegel's dialectic whose the principal 'forms of being' Marx used to structure the whole of the work on 'Capital'. His analytical evolution of the relation between subjective and objective development and their qualitative and quantitatively measured forms and functions which make up the logical skeleton in his presentation are almost universally ignored. Compare Hegel's Logic for instance with Marx the value-form.
More than any other twentieth century marxist Lenin selfconsciously assimilated the fundamentals of this methodological approach (to the careful study of which he returned at the most critical political moments and set about the task of applying it to the 'burning questions of our movement'. His appreciation of the importance of the knowledge of real social movements is apparent from his studies: The development of Capitalism in Russia and his Notebooks on Imperialism.
Lukacs' revolutionary career is made more problematic by his intellectual capitulation to the pressures of stalinism. The essays from his period of active revolutionary leadership however are of unparalleled importance for their reassertion of Hegel's contribution to marxism. In addition his critical review of Bukharin published as Technology & Social Relations remains of seminal importance as one of the few direct attempts to deal with the problem of the methodological degeneration of communist theory on this question utilising an adequate level of theoretical and historical understanding.
Rubin's 'Essays' shared this appreciation of the weakness of communist theory (as did the work of KORSCH & JAKUBOWSKI) but with the exceptions of Henryk Grossman's work at the Frankfurt Institute for Social Research, and Evgeny Preobrazhensky's New Economics, Rubin was in this period almost alone in articulating the central methodological content embodied in Marx's theoretical concepts. Roman Rosdolsky's valuable study The making of Marx's 'Capital' which re-emphasises the importance of use-value in Marx's two-fold analysis, was a result of his discovery of one of the rare copies of Grundrisse Marx's previously unpublished rough draft for 'Capital'.
Whereas Lenin had come to his understanding of the importance of Hegel's Logic by extensive study, Grossman's emphasis grew out of the need to re-articulate the structural method of 'Capital' in dealing with imperialism at the necessary level of theory. Rosdolsky was however able to read Marx directly asserting his enormous debt to Hegel and exploring out-loud the methodological problems of the relation between the investigation and presentation of his 'critique'.
Lukacs in 1930 had a similar experience in his reading of the then recently deciphered Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844 on which he subsequently commented: "the overwhelming effect produced in me by Marx's statement that objectivity was the primary material attribute of all things and relations...that objectification is a natural means by which man masters the world and as such can be either a positive or a negative fact...it became clear to us that even the best and most capable Marxists, like Plekhanov and Mehring, had not had a sufficiently profound grasp of the universal nature of Marxism. They failed, therefore, to understand that Marx confronts us with the necessity of erecting a systematic aesthetics on the foundations of dialectical materialism.". It was in this period that Lukacs began his twin study of The Young Hegel and The Destruction of Reason on the one hand looking at the contribution Hegel made to the rational scientific basis of dialectical materialism and on the other how in a direct reaction to the development of Marxism the irrationalist elements of Hegel's thought were promoted and the revolutionary critical element dismembered in the process of the degeneration of bourgeois philosophy.
The immediate post-war period produced little that was marxist by these criteria, with perhaps the sole exception of Paul Mattick's essays which defended the orthodox theoretical marxism, particularly on the issue of Marx's theory of crisis, against revisionists such as Paul Sweezy. Mattick's essay Technology and the Mixed Economy (1966) was a rare articulation of the limitations and social origin of the drive for labour productivity. Mattick drew substantially on Grossman's 1929 study The law of accumulation and the breakdown of capitalism defending its analysis against Sweezy 1942] and other anti-marxists who sought to eradicate the connection between capitalist accumulation and the theory of crises. Mattick argued that despite the appearance of the post-war boom capitalism would continue to retard the development of productive forces and that the limits to capital accumulation would reassert themselves. Until Grossman's work becomes fully available in English, Mattick's Economic Crisis and Crisis Theory remains the most readily available articulation of the necessity of revolutionary theory for today's conditions. The 1970s saw a resurgence of marxist studies which sought to assimilate the theoretical gains which had been lost to working class politics in the middle decades of the twentieth century.
Drawing on these and other forgotten works in the marxist tradition and a renewed study of the methodologically explicit drafts and early writings and correspondence of Marx, a tendency began to emerge which struggled to return theoretically to an authentic "Marx's Marxism" and come to terms with the outstanding problems facing marxist critique of capitalist society in the second half of the twentieth century. Unfortunately the political hiatus caused by the largely unexpected collapse of the Soviet Union, resulted in a widespread fragmentation and demoralisation even amongst those marxist writers who were critical of the stalinist state formations.
The nature of the Soviet Union, the political tenacity and character of stalinism itself, an explanation of the political hold of and contemporary forms of Reformism in the working class and the restatement of the fundamentals of the marxist struggle against the state, and the bourgeois ideological weapons of nationalism, imperialism and the oppression of nations and nationalities, racial and women's oppression and the economic role of the family under capitalism. This tendency has yet to re-articulate Marx's critique of ideological power of the politics of productivity theoretically in challenging the revisionist acceptance of technological mystification.
Readings on Marx’s method
- Henryk Grossman focussed considerable effort in often difficult circumstances in pursuing fundamental research into Marx’s method. His studies resulted amongst others in his masterwork: The Law of Accumulation and the breakdown of the Capitalist System: Being also a theory of crises Pluto 1992.
- Evald Ilyenkov The Dialectics of the Abstract and the Concrete in Marx's Capital Progress Moscow 1982
- Andrey Maidansky "The Dialectical Logic of Evald llyenkov and Western European Marxism"
- Franz Jakubowski in his Ideology and Superstructure in Historical Materialism Pluto 1990
- Karl Korsch Three Essays on Marxism Pluto 1971 and Marxism and Philosophy Monthly Review 1970
- György Lukács in "What is Orthodox Marxism?", defined orthodoxy as the fidelity to the "Marxist method"
- Karl Marx 'The Value-Form' Appendix to the 1st German edition of Capital, Volume 1, 1867
- Geoffrey Pilling Marx’s Capital: Philosophy and political economy RKP 1980
- Roman Rosdolsky particularly in The Making of Marx's Capital Pluto 1980
- Isaak Illich Rubin Essays on Marx’s Theory of Value Black & Red 1972
- Jindřich Zelený The Logic of Marx Blackwell 1980
- Victor Alekseyevich Vaziulin The Logic of K. Marx's "Capital" 1968
- Victor Alekseyevich Vaziulin The Making of K. Marx's Scientific Research Method 1975
- Karl Marx 'The Value-Form' Appendix to the 1st German edition of Capital, Volume 1, 1867
- Marx, Karl & Engels, Frederick Letters on ‘Capital’ New Park
- Engels to Marx, June 16, 1867 Letters on ‘Capital’
- Marx to Engels, June 22, 1867 Letters on ‘Capital’
- Engels to Marx, June 24, 1867 Letters on ‘Capital’
- Marx to Engels, June 27, 1867 Letters on ‘Capital’
- HEGEL's Logic Oxford
- Hegel's Logic Oxford
- Marx The value-form
- Lenin Collected Works v14
- Lenin [1914-16] Collected Works v38
- Brewster, Ben (September–October 1966). "Introduction to Lukács on Bukharin". New Left Review. New Left Review. I (39).
- Isaak Illich Rubin Essays on Marx’s Theory of Value Black & Red
- Karl Korsch Three Essays on Marxism Pluto 1971
- Franz Jakubowski 1976 'Ideology and Superstructure in Historical Materialism' Allison & Busby
- Lukac's History and Class Consciousness p.xxxvi-ii
- Marx, Karl & Engels, Frederick 1983 Letters on ‘Capital’ New Park
- Appendix to the first German edition | <urn:uuid:380eb061-9492-46b0-9ac8-586b7b0c1578> | CC-MAIN-2018-30 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marx%27s_method | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-30/segments/1531676591150.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20180719164439-20180719184439-00117.warc.gz | en | 0.927994 | 2,178 | 2.796875 | 3 |
Plastic was to the 1960's what cryonics was to the 1980's -- symbolic of the Future. While freezing one's head after death never really made it to the mainstream, plastics are all around us. With a couple of recent developments, plastic may well again be the wave of the future.
MIT has just announced the development of a new method for creating and forming plastics. Normally, plastic shapes are made at fairly high temperatures, melting polymers and pouring them into molds. Plastic objects made in this way have limited recyclability, as the heating and cooling process weakens the polymers -- so called "thermal degradation." The MIT method can shape plastics at room temperature using high pressure, resulting in "baroplastics" which can be reshaped with no thermal degradation. Plastic objects created with this process require less energy to be produced, too. Less energy use, more recyclable... works for me.
But squeezing plastics into shape isn't the only recent breakthrough. An Engineering professor at USC has invented a low-temperature method of doing plastic sintering, more popularly known as 3D printing or fabbing. 3D printers are a relatively recent invention, using powdered polymers (and, occasionally, metals) and a high-powered, laser to build up objects layer-by-layer. Originally used for rapid prototyping, 3D printers are now used by aerospace companies for direct manufacturing of components. The USC method dramatically reduces the heat necessary for sintering, which in turn greatly lowers the cost.
This is pretty big news. 3D printing, if brought down to consumer-level prices, would reshape the way we make and use various home and office products. If all you need to make a toy or kitchen device is a fabber, a supply of raw polymer powder, and a design file, how long before we see "Napster Fabbing?" Things get even more revolutionary if the plastics used can be easily recycled to be used for the next bit of 3D printing.
And we're not just talking about dolls, garlic presses, and iPod pouches. Electroactive polymers -- "flexonics" -- allow for electronic circuits to be embedded in fabbed objects. This would make printing out a new individually-fit ergonomic keyboard, for example, just as easy as printing out a coffee cup.
Although the next wave of plastic manufacturing sounds promising and very interesting, it still does not offer any solution to som of the basic problems that the plastic industry has created; waste. already plastics could be recycled much more than they are, but it has not happened yet for a veriaty of different reasons, both social and economical. The Plastics that have captured my imagination and suggest a positive future with a reasonable change in the consumers habits seems to be bioplastics.
Bioplastic got a bad name in the late 90's becuase they were selling lawn bags that biodegrade, which they did, unfortunately they biodegraded into microscopic plastic polymers that poisoned the ground and water. Since then there have been great advancements in the field of bioplastic, now the polymer (the building block) biodegrades instead on bond that holds them together (the morter). furthermore the polymers are now created from corn, an anually renewable resource, instead of petroleum which most plastics are made from. They have also figured out how to control how long the bioplastic will last before it will start to biodegrade.
For more information and positive test results look up the 2000 winter Olympics in Sidney Austrial were all the venders had to use packaging that was either recyclable or biodegradable. The main reason why we aren't seeing bioplastic in our daily lives is because it is still very expensive, and without either legislation or technology advancements to help even out the price, bioplastics will remain in the shadows.
Call me cynical and/or paranoid, but I somehow doubt that we'll ever see a Napster Fab (Fabster?) movement. Instead, we'll get a systems that lets us license furniture for limited periods, subject to annual fees. Electroactive polymers, combined with DRM, would mean that you could build objects that warp into useless shapes if you fall behind on your payments.
Another world *is* here: Bioplastic in our daily lives
Wild Oats Natural Marketplace (grocery stores) introduced "Made from Corn" plastic containers in its Portland, Oregon area stores last May. They've since expanded to other their markets as well.
The containers are biodegradable, but not in home compost bins, which don't get hot enough. Wild Oats collects the used containers and then transports them to a facility where they are composted.
The containers are made from Cargill Dow's NatureWorks PLA.
For more, please see: http://www.wildoats.com/app/cda/oat_cda.html?pt=Department&departmentId=29
Biodegradable and compostable granulate for bioplastic products
i want hear more technical side of the plastic in the future.
i am student needed information regarding bio platics in detail also soe technical data regarding tht.
need to know stuctures mechanisms etc for some bioplastics i.e. PLA orPHB NOWHERE HAS THEM!!!
thta would be cool thanks | <urn:uuid:740719de-357e-43c1-b16c-8b65468da9d1> | CC-MAIN-2014-49 | http://www.worldchanging.com/archives/000133.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-49/segments/1416400378724.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20141119123258-00023-ip-10-235-23-156.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.950501 | 1,115 | 3.65625 | 4 |
By: Duane Craig
The mysterious contamination of the Donna Reservoir and Canal in southern Texas continues to confound since its discovery in 1993. The reservoir system covers 400 acres and serves the local human population and agricultural businesses.
Sediment samplings and samples from fish alerted two Texas agencies to polychlorinated biphenyl, or PCBs, contamination, but after a two-year investigation, no sources could be found. The fish were banned for human consumption and even possessing them was in violation of the ban. Still, people continued to catch and eat the fish. The incidence of that decreased when agencies went door-to-door to warn people of the dangers of eating the contaminated fish. The state also embarked on a large-scale fish-removal program to try to reduce the numbers of tainted water life and reduce the potential environmental issues.
No source for polychlorinated biphenyl or PCBs found
PCBs don’t occur naturally in the environment, and once in water they stay suspended, making them easily consumed by fish. Once inside the fish, the chemicals contaminate the meat. PCBs are generally considered to be a carcinogen, and they accumulate in the body’s tissues where over time they contribute to reproductive problems and behavioral defects in newborns and infants.
The Environmental Protection Agency is preparing a Remedial Investigation and Feasibility Study, or RI/FS, to ultimately decide on a remediation process. A plan is expected to be complete by late 2012, according to the agency’s update. | <urn:uuid:ff4a5ed7-6565-44f2-b842-2d7fabc4617d> | CC-MAIN-2018-30 | http://contaminatednation.blogspot.com/2011/12/mystery-remains-in-donna-reservoir.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-30/segments/1531676591150.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20180719164439-20180719184439-00545.warc.gz | en | 0.952324 | 316 | 3.125 | 3 |
Categories English Summary of social learning leaders/hashtags/communities. Post author By Kirinkai Kitamonic Post date February 10, 2020 Summary of social learning leaders/hashtags/communities. 500 words ← Evaluate the extent to which the Articles of Confederation were effective in solving the problems that confronted the new nation. Why was the Constitution necessary? → How can I become a writer at HomeworkMarket ? | <urn:uuid:8f7ff466-ca80-4256-a0ae-16c4d7759aa1> | CC-MAIN-2021-17 | https://easyhomeworkhelp.com/summary-of-social-learning-leaders-hashtags-communities/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-17/segments/1618038084601.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20210415065312-20210415095312-00198.warc.gz | en | 0.95325 | 86 | 2.90625 | 3 |
|This aerial view shows the Shang Dynasty’s relics unearthed in Shaanxi province. (Photo/ Shaanxi Provincial Institute of Archaeology)|
Chinese archaeologists unearthed ruins of a huge ancient construction with double corridors in Qingjian county, Shaanxi province in 2013. With a total dimension of 4,200 square meters, the ruin, which dates back to the late Shang Dynasty (17th Century B.C.-11th Century B.C.), is the second largest ruins discovered so far following Yin Dynasty ruins.
This discovery offers more information for the research on bronze ware and is also very significant for studying bronze culture and the political geography of that era. | <urn:uuid:0ae2d74b-f56a-4f12-88c8-861969fe91ae> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://en.people.cn/98649/8533311.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719033.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00388-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.898767 | 136 | 2.71875 | 3 |
A design used to show how companies or industries are affected by external factors. The six-force model expands on Harvard Business School professor Michael Porter's five-force model with the addition of "complementors," or companies that produce closely related products or services, as a sixth factor.
Taobiz explains Six-Force Model
The five-force model on which the six-force model is based describes the impact of existing rivals, bargaining power of customers, bargaining power of suppliers, substitutes and new entrants on a business or industry's success. These models can be used to analyze a business or industry's current position and its competitive advantage . | <urn:uuid:65aa38aa-1987-4e08-8ae6-1ce61918e379> | CC-MAIN-2019-04 | http://university.ipo.hk/5/20482.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-04/segments/1547583763149.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20190121050026-20190121072026-00474.warc.gz | en | 0.925864 | 129 | 2.75 | 3 |
What is Ketosis?
Before you can completely comprehend ketosis, we should cover some essentials about the body. The most important source of energy in the body — is a compound named glucose.
You normally get glucose from your eating routine by eating substances like:
- Beans and vegetables
These carbs either transform directly into glucose in the body or are put away as glycogen in the body to be utilized as glucose later. Notwithstanding, here and there the body will have a low supply of glucose, otherwise called blood sugar. This could be on the grounds that a man is eating a low-carb eat less.
At the point when there is not any more glucose for the body to utilize, it swings to your backup supply of glucose: your fat stores. It takes the fat stores and the liver separates them to make glucose. Also, when this happens, components referred to as ketones are produced as a result of this procedure.
There are three fundamental sorts of ketone bodies that shape in your body amid this conversion:
- Beta-hydroxybutryate (BHB)
When ketones are developed, your body can utilize them as a temporary fuel.
Ketosis For Weight Loss
Presumably the most generally discussed use for ketosis at this moment is using it for weight reduction. Truth be told, the ketogenic eating routine is worked around making ketosis occur in the body.
Ready to get started? Here is The Top 30 Day Plan To Get to Ketosis Fast!
There are a few advantages you can encounter when your body enters ketosis:
Breakdown of Fat Put Away in the Body
A low-calorie diet, which is utilized to encourage ketosis, is regularly favored for weight reduction since it can urge the body to begin consuming its own particular fat stores specifically for its required day to day supply of energy.
Other than helping you consume fat, going into ketosis can likewise influence you to have lesser cravings for food. This makes it less demanding to adhere to a ketogenic diet in light of the fact that it’s not really required to tally calories especially for weight reduction. You can better trust and tune in to your body’s own particular appetite signals.
The standard eating routine program has individuals eating an excess of refined starches and sugars that keep on spiking their glucose levels, which can keep you feeling hungry and furthermore lead to fat stockpiling due to the overabundance of sugar consumption.
In any case, ketosis can help people trim their excess layers of fat by following a simple diet that concentrates on loads of good fat, protein sources, sound vegetables, without starving themselves.
Keeping in mind the end goal to go into ketosis, you should eat a ketogenic diet that abstais from food items that contains excessive calories that for the most part includes between 20-50 grams of carbs every day, a number that can shift per individual. Here is a great article on how to get into ketosis fast. To do this implies the disposal of high-carb nourishments from your day to day diet:
- Sugar-loaded soda pops
- Processed pulses
- Some other variants of refined sugar
You’ll additionally need to eliminate your consumption of even carbs that are entire sustenance based, for example,
- Natural products such as milk and butter
- Whole wheat
- Potatoes and other heavy carb vegetables
Health Benefits Of Ketosis
Other than advancing a sound weight, ketosis can likewise be advantageous for mental and physical health as well.
Ketosis for Brain Health and Energy
In spite of the fact that glucose is the favored type of energy source for the body, an extensive piece of our brains can likewise use ketones as fuel for mental execution on a low-carb ketogenic count calories. In addition, the body can likewise utilize protein to give glucose to the mind (through gluconeogenesis) amid ketosis.
Ketosis has likewise been utilized to help control seizures in youngsters with epilepsy by keeping neurotoxicity from an excess of carbs. It’s likewise been appeared to have benefits for individuals with Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s illnesses and also those with type I and II diabetes.
Maximize your results with these killer recipes!
Ketosis for Athletic Performance
Amid long stretches of activity, the body utilizes both what you’ve as of late eaten and whatever is stored as glycogen to push you through. Be that as it may, when those glycogen amasses have been spent, the body must swing to protein or fat for more vitality. This isn’t an exceptionally effective process — unless the body has adjusted to being in a ketogenic state.
Competitors and individuals who perform long exercise routines may see enhanced yield from ketosis since it enables fat to be reduced all the more immediately when the body needs more energy.
Final Ketosis Verdict
Ketosis has numerous advantages for the body as far as weight reduction, wellbeing, and digestion. In case you’re occupied with utilizing the ketosis procedure for your own particular advantage, utilize this as a manual to kick you off. Also, remember that getting your body adjusted to ketosis can take half a month, so don’t get disheartened and give yourself an opportunity!
Need More Help With The Keto Diet?
Check out our proven 28 day Keto Diet Meal Plan. There have been over 1000 people that have tested it out and loved it!
So stop wasting your time and money on diet plans that don’t work and check it out now. Click the image below: | <urn:uuid:01a1e258-4f77-47c0-a851-e2d056049b27> | CC-MAIN-2020-24 | https://ketodietguidelines.com/what-is-ketosis-how-does-it-help-you-with-weight-loss/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-24/segments/1590348509264.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20200606000537-20200606030537-00206.warc.gz | en | 0.939634 | 1,154 | 2.859375 | 3 |
State Lawmakers Make Curricular Demands of Schools
It’s not unusual for lawmakers to debate aspects of the American political system, but a recent discussion in Utah’s House of Representatives wasn’t merely theoretical.
The bill under consideration, since signed into law, requires public schools to teach that the United States is a “compound constitutional republic.” The curriculum also must provide a “thorough study” of key historical documents, it says, such as the U.S. Constitution, the Mayflower Compact, and Supreme Court decisions.
Speaking in opposition, Rep. Carol Spackman Moss said the bill represented a “slippery slope”—indeed a “double black diamond slope”—of legislative interference. “A ‘no’ vote on this just would say, we don’t believe in micromanaging the curriculum,” the Democrat argued.
Although decisions on what gets taught are usually seen as the purview of school districts and state school boards, the legislators in Utah aren’t the first, and certainly won’t be the last, state lawmakers to try to influence the curriculum. Other recent examples span the country and content areas—civics and science, financial literacy, arts education, sex education, and anti-bullying measures that call on schools to work the issue into health classes.
Especially in a time of tight state and district budgets, and in the face of an already crowded curriculum, some observers suggest that such measures can prove particularly burdensome.
But whether sponsored by Republicans or Democrats, the legislative proposals keep coming.
In California, a bill approved in mid-April by the state Senate would require public schools to incorporate the history and contributions of homosexuals into social studies classes. The Tennessee House of Representatives last month passed a bill that would require state and local educational authorities to “assist teachers to find effective ways to present the science curriculum as it addresses scientific controversies,” including evolution and global warming. It also would protect teachers from disciplinary action for analyzing and critiquing those topics.
And Wisconsin lawmakers in late 2009 pushed through a mandate to revamp the state’s social studies standards to include teaching the history of labor unions and collective bargaining—a requirement that’s taken on an ironic cast with a new legislature’s curbs on public-employee unions.
Lawmakers have introduced, and in some cases passed, legislation mandating additions to or changes in the curriculum taught in public schools. Recent examples include:
SB 48 | Status: Senate approved, April 14, 2011
Adds lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender Americans, as well as persons with disabilities, to the list of groups whose roles and contributions must be “accurately portrayed” in social-science instruction and instructional materials. Prohibits the state or districts from adopting textbooks or other instructional materials that “reflect adversely” on a person’s sexual orientation.
HB 105 | Status: Gov. Charlie Crist signed, May 11, 2010
Requires the successful completion of at least one semester-long civics education course in the middle grades. Students must pass a new end-of-course assessment in civics to receive course credit.
SB 2313 | Status: Gov. Deval Patrick signed, May 3, 2010
Requires the state to set academic standards for instruction in bullying prevention and requires both public and private schools to provide age-appropriate instruction on the topic.
AB 2920 | Status: Assembly approved, March 14, 2011; Senate approved, March 21, 2011
Requires the state to develop a policy for school district dating violence and requires all districts to incorporate age-appropriate dating-violence education into health curriculum.
HB 1412 | Status: House defeated, 47-47, Feb. 18, 2011
Requires school districts to teach concepts of personal finance at least once during the 6th, 7th, or 8th grade.
HB 368 | Status: House passed, April 7
Requires state and local educational authorities to “assist teachers to find effective ways to present the science curriculum as it addresses scientific controversies,” including evolution and global warming. Prohibits state or local authorities from preventing a teacher from helping students “understand, analyze, critique, and review in an objective manner the scientific strengths and scientific weaknesses of existing scientific theories covered in the course.”
HB 220 | Status: Gov. Gary R. Herbert signed, March 25, 2011
Requires American history and government instruction to address forms of government, including the United States as a “compound constitutional republic. Requires school curricula to include a “thorough study” of American historical documents, such as the U.S. Constitution, the Mayflower Compact and Supreme Court decisions
AB 172 | Status: Gov. James E. Doyle signed, Dec. 10, 2009
Requires the inclusion of “the history of organized labor in America and the collective bargaining process” in the state’s model academic standards for social studies.
Michael W. Kirst, a professor emeritus of education at Stanford University, said lawmakers in California and elsewhere have long tried to wade into the curriculum.
In contrast, the federal government is prohibited from doing so by language in the law establishing the U.S. Department of Education, as well as in the Elementary and Secondary Education Act.
“They usually insert very narrow things that are disconnected from the broader flow of the curriculum,” Mr. Kirst said of state legislators. “[The measures] pile up over the years and lead to somewhat of a disjointed process.”
‘Checks and Balances’
In Utah, Republicans led by Rep. Michael T. Morley championed the civics education bill, which in part calls on schools to contrast the U.S. form of government with others.
“I think we gloss over a little too quickly the very essence of what makes our country so great,” Rep. Morley said in an interview, “and why it’s so important that all of these checks and balances are in there, and what the founders so masterfully put together.”
The GOP lawmaker said the measure was spurred in part by complaints he’s heard that some teachers aren’t providing accurate or thorough instruction on the U.S. government and its nature.
The particular wording about the U.S. government morphed during the legislative process.
As originally introduced, it said the government should be taught as a “republic.” That was later amended to say a “constitutional republic.” The Senate added the word “compound” to signal the mix of federal and state authority.
While Rep. Morley concedes that the final phrase might be unfamiliar to many people, that doesn’t trouble him. “It will require a little more discussion ... that goes deeper into the whole [issue] of what the checks and balances are,” he said.
But the effort has encountered some stiff criticism.
“We maintain that delving into particular curricular items is going beyond their constitutional mandate and duty,” said Debra G. Roberts, who chairs the Utah school board. “Practically speaking, the legislature has long delved into curricular issues. Is that healthy for the system? No, I don’t believe it is.”
She also expressed concern about the law’s particulars, including the phrase “compound constitutional republic,” which she suggests might be confusing to some educators and students.
“It isn’t wordsmithing the curriculum that’s needed, it’s finding a way to tell that unique American story in a way that helps engage [students],” she said.
Matthew J. Burbank, an associate professor of political science at the University of Utah, said the measure supplies “a rather unusual phrase” to describe the U.S. government, though he added that, “in political science terms, it’s a perfectly accurate thing to say.”
Mr. Burbank said he did find it striking that the conservative lawmakers who pushed it left “democracy” out of the description.
“It’s not like schools don’t already teach this,” he said, “but how much do you emphasize democracy and how much do you emphasize republic?”
A House Democrat offered an amendment to call the nation a “democratic constitutional republic,” but Republicans said no.
The mandate that schools teach a list of historical documents “thoroughly” also sparked debate.
“I can think of a lot of things I’d like to be taught thoroughly,” Rep. Moss, who voted against the measure, said during floor debate in February. “The place for this to be handled is at the local level.”
Ms. Roberts said she believes students should study key U.S. historical documents and suggests that many schools already do so.
But she also said schools face limits, given how much academic content they must cover.
“It becomes a matter of time when you look at the long list [of documents identified],” the state board leader said. “Finding the time to put those into a teacher’s lesson—that will be challenging.”
Meanwhile, California Democrats have championed a bill that would require public schools to include the history and contributions of lesbian,gay, bisexual, and transgender individuals in social studies courses.
Sen. Mark Leno, the lead sponsor, said the bill aims to combat what he sees as the “censorship” of such information from many classrooms. He also argues that promoting awareness would curb anti-gay stereotypes and thereby reduce bullying of and violence against LGBT students. ("Calif. May Mandate Inclusion of Gay History in Curricula," April 27, 2011.)
The state Senate passed the bill April 14 on a party-line vote of 23-14. With Democrats controlling the state Assembly and the governorship, advocates say they’re hopeful it will become law.
Some Republicans and conservative activists have attacked the bill for what they see as inappropriately promoting the widespread acceptance of homosexuality.
But that’s not the only line of criticism. The Los Angeles Times editorial board, while saying that gays’ struggles against discrimination have a “legitimate place” in the curriculum, issued its own rebuke last month.
“Years ago, California made the wise decision to have experts draw up a balanced social studies curriculum,” the editorial said. “Legislators aren’t improving education in the state by stuffing the curriculum with new politically correct requirements.” It continued: “If more is added, ... something else will have to be deleted or treated more shallowly.”
The Wisconsin measure on the teaching of labor history and collective bargaining was enacted about a year before the state saw a political sea change, bringing the issue of collective bargaining into sharp focus. First-year Republican Gov. Scott Walker recently signed a bill to curtail the bargaining rights of many public employees.
The curriculum measure, strongly backed by state labor unions and signed by then-Gov. James E. Doyle, a Democrat, came when Democrats controlled the legislature, now in GOP hands.
Steven J. Cupery, the president of the Wisconsin Labor History Society and a union representative for the Wisconsin Education Association Council, said the 2009 legislation was needed because the history of unions and collective bargaining is “not taught in many schools.”
“Many teachers feel intimidated when it comes to talking about unions and collective bargaining in the classroom,” he said. “We want to make clear that the state has a policy that this be incorporated into the curriculum, so teachers feel ... they have some backing when it comes to teaching those subjects.”
But M. Scott Neederjohn, an associate economics professor at Lakeland College, near Sheboygan, Wis., called its passage “more a political maneuver than an educational maneuver.”
“My concern is it’s just another mandate that schools have to meet without any support,” said Mr. Neederjohn, who recently completed a study on civics education.
The bill passed by the Tennessee House in April on classroom instruction in scientific theories is seen by critics as a thinly veiled attempt to undermine the teaching of evolution. A companion bill in the state Senate, however, was recently withdrawn by its author.
Louisiana enacted a similar measure in 2008, but the debate isn’t over. Recently, a bill was introduced to repeal the law. Opponents of the law held a rally at the Statehouse last month, and a group of 42 Nobel Prize-winning scientists wrote a joint letter urging lawmakers to repeal it.
Some Oregon lawmakers are trying to move away from curricular demands. A bill the Senate passed last month with backing from many education groups and the state education department would eliminate a variety of legislative mandates, including measures that require instruction on the Irish potato famine, the arms race, and conflict resolution.
“It’s not that I don’t think [these] are important issues,” said Sen. Suzanne Bonamici, a Democrat and the lead sponsor. “It’s, do we need to have a statutory requirement that those be included?
“If they’re an important part of history,” she said of the potato famine and the arms race, “teachers will include instruction about them without being told by the Oregon legislature to do so.”
Vol. 30, Issue 30, Pages 1, 18Published in Print: May 11, 2011, as Lawmakers Set Curricular Demands | <urn:uuid:77d7df82-f1d7-4ae1-b564-bf142b4cc6c5> | CC-MAIN-2018-22 | https://www.edweek.org/ew/articles/2011/05/11/30curriculum_ep.h30.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-22/segments/1526794867254.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20180525235049-20180526015049-00626.warc.gz | en | 0.952912 | 2,888 | 2.6875 | 3 |
The Experimental Fabrication Facility's five-axis router creates a mold. (NASA Photo / Tom Tschida)
› View Larger Image Increasingly complex composite components and parts require the latest industry-standard equipment. Recently, the Dryden Experimental Fabrication Facility began operation of such a machine.
The five-axis router enables easier fabrication of composite parts, frees up other machinery and allows the fabrication facility to handle the creation of the latest composite parts and components, explained Ed Swan, Experimental Fabrication branch chief.
Increasing numbers of aircraft are made of, or are using, composite materials like lightweight and stronger carbon-carbon fibers. That includes several Dryden planes, such as the Global Hawks and Ikhana aircraft.
Though other fabrication facility tools are capable, the five-axis router is dedicated to making composite parts and does not require the delays caused by waiting for the other machines to be freed up to make the part, he added. The parts are also more easily and efficiently made on the router, without the day to set up, one to two days to do the work on it and a day to clean up from using another machine, he said.
The router, which is dedicated to composite work, can be programmed to cut a mold. Simultaneously, the technician prepares the composite set-up so everything is ready to make the part without delays or holding up work on other projects. It takes half the time to fabricate a mold for a part or component using the router.
The new machine also specializes in making molds out of a number of materials and can fabricate parts as a single piece. Once the mold is made, the composite material can be applied to it and then pulled off.
The Experimental Fabrication Facility recently began operations with a five-axis router that expands the facility's capabilities. From left in front of the router are Jeromy Robbins, Aaron Pahs, Eric Nisbet and Ed Swan. (NASA Photo / Tom Tschida)
› View Larger Image The equipment was an essential addition to the fabrication facility's capabilities in order to keep pace with industry standards for making composite parts. The addition of the machine allows Dryden the capability of making parts here, rather than contracting out for the work, Swan said.
Besides providing more control of schedule and costs, Swan said it also allows more flexibility in meeting the needs of the researcher or technician that needs a special one-of-a-kind component or part.
For example, he said the part design might be the first of its kind and the engineer might not have the exact specifications and notice changes are needed as his or her research continues. Because the part is made at Dryden, the center doesn't have to pay for changes that are required along the way and the needs of the researchers and technicians can be met without losing more time, he said. Already fabricated by the new router are parts for the G-III, the ER-2 and the Global Hawk.
Whatever the composite part or component fabrication job, the fabrication facility is now better prepared to handle it. | <urn:uuid:5dece0a7-0fb8-4007-8c41-59781b9ac61b> | CC-MAIN-2015-11 | http://www.nasa.gov/centers/dryden/news/X-Press/composite_machine.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-11/segments/1424936461332.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20150226074101-00277-ip-10-28-5-156.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.932461 | 629 | 2.921875 | 3 |
Supply chains are essential to everyday life, bringing materials to factories, food to your plate, and fuel to your car.
The links in those chains – the manufacturers, logistics companies, warehouses and retailers – combine to form dynamic systems driven by customer demand. But a small, unpredictable change in demand can have major ramifications, as seen with the recent queues and rising tempers at petrol stations in the UK.
This is because modern supply chains are not designed to cope with large levels of uncertainly around time, supply or demand. Instead, businesses have focused on developing operations which reduce costs
But a cheaper supply chain often means a weaker supply chain. And problems arise when lean systems lack resilience and flexibility.
This was perfectly illustrated by the disruption to the fuel supply chain in the UK which started in the distribution of supplies to petrol stations. Then the temporary closure of some forecourts triggered widespread stockpiling and panic buying. This, in turn, created a surge in demand for fuel, exacerbating the original disruption.
There have been warnings that a similar situation could arise with supplies in the coming months – for everything from food and toys to Christmas trees. And it will take more than a few thousand extra lorry drivers to truly strengthen these supply chains.
That said, more lorry drivers would be a good place to start. The UK currently needs at least 90,000 people driving HGVs, a shortage which leads to longer waiting times at ports, more congestion, and more frequently empty shelves.
But the government’s plan for 5,000 three-month visas for European drivers is not going to make a huge difference (and might not even attract any, given that Europe itself needs another 400,000) Current applications to the scheme are said to total 27.
Longer lasting visas would probably be more attractive to some foreign drivers, and allow them to get familiar with the road networks in the UK, and make appropriate personal arrangements. The next step to addressing the long standing shortage would be to look at improving working conditions, reviewing pay levels and even tax incentives.
A long road
Beyond driving vehicles, there are about 2.5 million people working in haulage and logistics in the UK, covering road, rail, air and water. And while that sounds like a lot, it has been estimated that around 840,000 additional workers are needed in the sector to manage growing demand.
The logistic sector has a reputation for being low paid and harsh with long hours and poor working environments. Improving that reputation would attract more young people, as would more apprenticeships and better training.
In the long term, major infrastructure changes are needed, with improvements to ports, road, rail and inland waterways. One freight train removes 43 to 76 lorries from the roads, and one freight barge can remove about 24.
But using these alternatives is restricted by a lack of network and capacity. The new high speed railway linking up London, the Midlands, the North and Scotland (HS2) will free up additional capacity on the existing railway network, to allow more freight trains to be run.
Higher efficiency and effectiveness in operation is also necessary, through consolidating consignments into fewer shipments to reduce cost, to reduce the number of lorries in road, to reduce damage risk, and to improve quality control.
The whole sector needs to improve its use of digital technology to automate processes and improve efficiency and productivity while reducing reliance on labour. This would make the whole industry more resilient and dynamic, and not as exposed to the effects of staff shortages.
Reliance on fragile global supply chains can be somewhat re-balanced by investing in localised production and diversification of supply. This could involve firing up an old coal power plant (albeit this is at odds with climate goals) to meet the electricity needs in the UK temporarily, or investing in domestic production of controlled environment vegetable crops (currently 69% of fresh vegetables are imported from Spain and the Netherlands). This would reduce the UK’s dependence on “risky” overseas sources of energy, food and pharmaceuticals, and transporting less food would mean fewer emissions and longer shelf life.
Away from the industrial side of things, that key element of the supply chain – the customers – need to be mindful of the way they consume goods. They need to shop responsibly and sensibly, so that the links they depend on are not put under too much strain.
If consumers get a sense that there are shortages, then panic buying ensues as it did with toilet rolls and petrol, and this causes repercussions down the supply chain. Politicians and industry leaders are often at pains to get across the message that there is enough to go round – and usually there is.
Only by taking a broader approach to improving the supply chain and logistics industry will we be able to ensure that it is fit for purpose – and that global, or even national events do not cause shortages in shops or at fuel pumps. This means an approach supported by the industry and governments working together, but also by consumers, who will need to manage their own actions and expectations.
Tom Stacey receives funding from ERDF, investigating new energy sources.
Ying Xie works for Anglia Ruskin University. She receives funding from ERDF. She is affiliated with Anglia Ruskin University and Digital Catapult.
Read the full article here.
This content was originally published by The Conversation. Original publishers retain all rights. It appears here for a limited time before automated archiving. By The Conversation | <urn:uuid:2bc2ff7b-5785-494b-8204-2b8b3d386f22> | CC-MAIN-2021-43 | https://globaladvisors.biz/2021/10/08/supply-chains-can-easily-break-heres-how-they-can-be-made-more-resilient-to-prevent-shortages/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323585181.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20211017175237-20211017205237-00210.warc.gz | en | 0.962939 | 1,122 | 2.59375 | 3 |
24 year old Anthony Mutua of Kenya has developed an ultra-thin chip that, when placed into the soles of a shoe, can charge mobile phones . Basically, the technology can generate electricity when put under pressure, which would be a variant of the Electro-Kinetic technology, where the gravity-induced pressure from cars can create electricity. Anthony’s technology was among the innovations on show at the Science and Innovation Week taking place at the Kenyatta International Conference Centre in Nairobi Tuesday of this week. Through a process that he has patented with the Kenya Industrial Property Institute, Anthony’s technology has the capability to harvest energy and turn it into electricity each time a user walks.
He said that the chip is inserted in the sole of any shoe and that electricity is generated through the act of walking and running. He also said that electricity can be harvested in two ways. One way is to charge the phone while still in motion through a thin extension cable that runs from the shoe to the pocket. The other alternative, Anthony explained, is to charge the phone immediately after a walk because the crystals have the capacity to store the electric energy. Unfortunately, there’s no data no how much walking is required to charge a device like a phone, but to give you some context, it’s not unusual for people in certain regions of Africa to walk for hours every day to go on their normal business. Yet, previous Electro-Kinetic ideas like this have been dismissed in the past because they could not provide practical amounts of energy.
That didn’t prevent the Kenya National Council of Science and Technology of funding this project for mass production of the chips. David Ngigi, a Senior Science Secretary , said that the National Council for Science and Technology has been financing the development of ideas to prototype levels, but because most innovators lack funds for commercialization, innovations never reach the market. “We are changing this,” Ngigi said. When asked what to do in case a shoe equipped with such technology gets worn out, Anthony answered that you can always transfer it to a new one.
Filed in Energy.. Read more about | <urn:uuid:fdeba728-4d81-46ac-8597-c307ac004ddb> | CC-MAIN-2020-10 | https://www.ubergizmo.com/2012/05/shoe-technology-using-ulta-thin-chips-can-charge-mobile-phones/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875145859.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20200223215635-20200224005635-00373.warc.gz | en | 0.952142 | 438 | 3.015625 | 3 |
A low sodium level has many causes, including consumption of too many fluids, kidney failure, heart failure, cirrhosis, and use of diuretics.
Symptoms result from brain dysfunction.
At first, people become sluggish and confused, and if hyponatremia worsens, they may have muscle twitches and seizures and become progressively unresponsive.
The diagnosis is based on blood tests to measure the sodium level.
Restricting fluids and stopping use of diuretics can help, but severe hyponatremia is an emergency requiring use of drugs, intravenous fluids, or both.
(See also Overview of Electrolytes Overview of Electrolytes Well over half of the body's weight is made up of water. Doctors think about the body's water as being restricted to various spaces, called fluid compartments. The three main compartments are... read more and Overview of Sodium's Role in the Body Overview of Sodium's Role in the Body Sodium is one of the body's electrolytes, which are minerals that the body needs in relatively large amounts. Electrolytes carry an electric charge when dissolved in body fluids such as blood... read more .)
Causes of Hyponatremia
Hyponatremia occurs when the body contains too little sodium Overview of Sodium's Role in the Body Sodium is one of the body's electrolytes, which are minerals that the body needs in relatively large amounts. Electrolytes carry an electric charge when dissolved in body fluids such as blood... read more for the amount of fluid it contains. The body may have too much, too little, or a normal amount of fluid. In all cases, however, sodium is diluted. For example, people with severe vomiting or diarrhea lose sodium. If they replace their fluid losses with just water, sodium is diluted.
Disorders, such as kidney disorders (for example, glomerulonephritis Glomerulonephritis Glomerulonephritis is a disorder of glomeruli (clusters of microscopic blood vessels in the kidneys with small pores through which blood is filtered). It is characterized by body tissue swelling... read more ) and other disorders (for example, cirrhosis Cirrhosis of the Liver Cirrhosis is the widespread distortion of the liver's internal structure that occurs when a large amount of normal liver tissue is permanently replaced with nonfunctioning scar tissue. The scar... read more , and heart failure Heart Failure (HF) Heart failure is a disorder in which the heart is unable to keep up with the demands of the body, leading to reduced blood flow, back-up (congestion) of blood in the veins and lungs, and/or... read more ), can cause the body to retain sodium and fluid. Often the body retains more fluid than sodium, which means the sodium is diluted.
Certain conditions may cause people to drink too much water (polydipsia), which can contribute to the development of hyponatremia.
Thiazide diuretics (sometimes called water pills) are a common cause of hyponatremia. These drugs increase sodium excretion, which increases water excretion. Thiazide diuretics are usually well-tolerated but can cause hyponatremia in people prone to low sodium, particularly the elderly.
Role of vasopressin
Vasopressin (also called antidiuretic hormone) is a substance naturally produced in the body that helps regulate the amount of water in the body by controlling how much water is excreted by the kidneys. Vasopressin decreases water excretion by the kidneys, which retains more water in the body and dilutes the sodium. The pituitary gland produces and releases vasopressin when the blood volume (amount of fluid in the blood vessels) or blood pressure goes down or when levels of electrolytes (such as sodium) become too high.
Pain, stress, exercise, a low blood sugar level, and certain disorders of the heart, thyroid gland, kidneys, or adrenal glands can stimulate the release of vasopressin from the pituitary gland. The following are some of the drugs that stimulate the release of vasopressin or enhance its action at the kidney:
Antipsychotic and antidepressant drugs
Aspirin, ibuprofen, and many other nonprescription pain relievers (analgesics)
Carbamazepine (an anticonvulsant)
Chlorpropamide (which lowers the blood sugar level)
Clofibrate (which lowers cholesterol levels)
Ecstasy (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine [MDMA])
Oxytocin (used to induce labor)
Vasopressin (synthetic antidiuretic hormone)
Vincristine (a chemotherapy drug)
A frequent cause of hyponatremia is the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone Syndrome of Inappropriate Secretion of Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH) The syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone develops when too much antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin) is released by the pituitary gland under certain inappropriate conditions... read more (SIADH), in which vasopressin is inappropriately secreted in a variety of other situations (such as certain cancers, infections, and brain disorders).
Other causes of hyponatremia include
Blockage of the small intestine
Brain disorders such as head injury Overview of Head Injuries Head injuries that involve the brain are particularly concerning. Common causes of head injuries include falls, motor vehicle crashes, assaults, and mishaps during sports and recreational activities... read more , bleeding, stroke Overview of Stroke A stroke occurs when an artery to the brain becomes blocked or ruptures, resulting in death of an area of brain tissue due to loss of its blood supply (cerebral infarction) and symptoms that... read more , infections, or tumors
Burns, if severe
Consumption of too much water, as occurs in some mental disorders
Drugs such as barbiturates, carbamazepine, chlorpropamide, clofibrate, diuretics (most common), opioids, tolbutamide, and vincristine
Syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone Syndrome of Inappropriate Secretion of Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH) The syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone develops when too much antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin) is released by the pituitary gland under certain inappropriate conditions... read more (SIADH)
Symptoms of Hyponatremia
The brain is particularly sensitive to changes in the sodium level in blood. Therefore, symptoms of brain dysfunction, such as sluggishness (lethargy) and confusion, occur first. If the sodium level in blood falls quickly, symptoms tend to develop rapidly and be more severe. Older people are more likely to have severe symptoms.
As hyponatremia becomes more severe, muscle twitching and seizures may occur. People may become unresponsive, aroused only by vigorous stimulation (stupor), and eventually cannot be aroused (coma). Death may follow.
Diagnosis of Hyponatremia
Measurement of sodium level in the blood
Hyponatremia is diagnosed by measuring the sodium level in blood. Determining the cause is more complex. Doctors consider the person’s circumstances, including other disorders present and drugs taken. Blood and urine tests are done to evaluate the amount of fluid in the body, the concentration of blood, and content of urine.
Treatment of Hyponatremia
Restricting fluid intake
Mild hyponatremia can be treated by restricting fluid intake to less than 1 quart (about 1 liter) per day. If a diuretic or other drug is the cause, the dose is reduced or the drug is stopped. If the cause is a disorder, it is treated.
Occasionally, people are given a sodium solution intravenously, a diuretic to increase excretion of fluid, or both, usually slowly, over several days. These treatments can correct the sodium level.
Some people, especially those with the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone Syndrome of Inappropriate Secretion of Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH) The syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone develops when too much antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin) is released by the pituitary gland under certain inappropriate conditions... read more , need long-term treatment for hyponatremia. Fluid restriction alone is often not enough to prevent recurrence of hyponatremia. Salt tablets can be used in people with mild to moderate chronic hyponatremia. Depending on the cause of hyponatremia and the amount of fluid in the person' body, several drugs are available for treatment.
Severe hyponatremia is an emergency. To treat it, doctors slowly increase the level of sodium in the blood with intravenous fluids and sometimes with a diuretic. Newer drugs, called vaptans, are sometimes needed. Increasing the sodium level too rapidly can result in severe and often permanent brain damage.
Drugs Mentioned In This Article
|Generic Name||Select Brand Names|
|Anacin Adult Low Strength, Aspergum, Aspir-Low, Aspirtab , Aspir-Trin , Bayer Advanced Aspirin, Bayer Aspirin, Bayer Aspirin Extra Strength, Bayer Aspirin Plus, Bayer Aspirin Regimen, Bayer Children's Aspirin, Bayer Extra Strength, Bayer Extra Strength Plus, Bayer Genuine Aspirin, Bayer Low Dose Aspirin Regimen, Bayer Womens Aspirin , BeneHealth Aspirin, Bufferin, Bufferin Extra Strength, Bufferin Low Dose, DURLAZA, Easprin , Ecotrin, Ecotrin Low Strength, Genacote, Halfprin, MiniPrin, St. Joseph Adult Low Strength, St. Joseph Aspirin, VAZALORE, Zero Order Release Aspirin, ZORprin|
|Advil, Advil Children's, Advil Children's Fever, Advil Infants', Advil Junior Strength, Advil Migraine, Caldolor, Children's Ibuprofen, ElixSure IB, Genpril , Ibren , IBU, Midol, Midol Cramps and Body Aches, Motrin, Motrin Children's, Motrin IB, Motrin Infants', Motrin Junior Strength, Motrin Migraine Pain, PediaCare Children's Pain Reliever/Fever Reducer IB, PediaCare Infants' Pain Reliever/Fever Reducer IB, Samson-8|
|Carbatrol, Epitol , Equetro, Tegretol, Tegretol -XR|
|Oncovin, Vincasar PFS| | <urn:uuid:84387916-1cae-427c-b390-d3004b9f4dfb> | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/hormonal-and-metabolic-disorders/electrolyte-balance/hyponatremia-low-level-of-sodium-in-the-blood?query=hyponatremia | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224656788.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20230609164851-20230609194851-00463.warc.gz | en | 0.877958 | 2,393 | 3.53125 | 4 |
The First Amendment guarantees every American freedom of speech. That freedom includes the right to spend money on speech. Without money, a political group cannot buy ads, print fliers, organize protests, or hire staff. Short of shouting one’s opinions on a street corner, it takes money to spread a message. Recognizing this relationship, the Supreme Court has long prohibited the government from limiting how much individuals can spend on political speech. Absent the ability to spend money disseminating political views, the political rights protected by the First Amendment are rendered meaningless.
This stance has led to much handwringing about the amount spent on campaigns, and the implications of that spending. To this end, thousands of laws and regulations have been enacted to attempt to restrict or limit political spending in one form or another. These laws miss the point. Any government-mandated limit on the amount of money a group or individual can spend on political speech is effectively a limit on speech itself. Since more political speech is a boon to democracy, fears of political spending are drastically overblown. | <urn:uuid:5a3c0623-e584-4036-80ea-3914a4da209c> | CC-MAIN-2022-27 | https://www.ifs.org/blog/political-spending-civic-engagement-is-not-a-threat-to-democracy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656103329963.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20220627073417-20220627103417-00413.warc.gz | en | 0.950283 | 214 | 3.140625 | 3 |
Reading Your Meter
If you are a residential or business customer with the City of Justin Water Department, you have a RG3 direct read meter that tracks your water usage.
It's important for you to understand how much water your home or business uses each month. By tracking your water usage, you can quickly identify leaks within your home or business as well as discover ways you can help conserve water during the summer months.
Tracking Water Usage
- Locating Your Meter Box: First, you will need to Locate Your Meter Box. The meter will reside inside a meter box. Carefully remove the lid by inserting a large screwdriver into one of the holes located on the lid. Once the screwdriver is firmly inside the hole, use the screwdriver to pry the lid off the meter box.
- Reading the Odometer: Once the meter box lid is opened, you will see the water meter. There is a dial and an odometer on the meter face. The last two digits in the far upper right are NOT included in your reading. The dial measures the amount of water that your home or business is using throughout the day. For the typical residential meter, one full rotation of the dial equals ten gallons of water usage, The odometer is a cumulative reading of the total water usage from the day when the City of Justin installed the meter. In order to track your water usage, record the numbers on the odometer as well as the date you recorded the information. Once you have recorded the odometer reading, it is important that you replace and secure the lid by sliding it back into place on the meter box.
- Tracking Your Use: After seven days, read the odometer again and record the water usage and date. By subtracting the first reading from the second reading, you will be able to determine your water use in gallons for that week. If you want to know your average daily water usage during this period, divide the water usage in gallons by the number of days between readings.
Keep in Mind
Please keep in mind that you may check the water meter and record your usage on a different date than the City of Justin uses for its billing purposes. This could result in a slight difference in the amount you find on your water meter in comparison to the water usage used to determine your bill. However, if your reading is considerably higher than what is on your bill, check for a leak or try to determine the source that may use a large amount of water.
Identifying a Leak
To test for leaks, turn off all equipment and appliances within the property that use water. Once you are sure that no water should be coming into the home or business, return to the meter; if the leak indicator is moving, water is still flowing through the meter and there is probably a leak somewhere in your system.
If your reading is significantly lower than the reading on your bill, please contact the City of Justin Water Department at 940-648-2541, ext. 102 or email us to request someone to come and re-read your meter. | <urn:uuid:062bc5c1-0fbf-4eac-bb56-2cba06883e68> | CC-MAIN-2022-27 | https://cityofjustin.com/189/Reading-Your-Meter | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656103941562.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220701125452-20220701155452-00550.warc.gz | en | 0.942357 | 627 | 2.640625 | 3 |
When the Bill of Rights was proposed, it was unthinkable that the right to vote would be included. That would have meant extending it to women, free Black people, and white people without property. Article I, Section 2 of the Constitution gave the states the power to determine who could vote in federal elections.
That provision was subsequently modified by constitutional amendments, the 15th and 19th, that granted voting rights to newly freed Black people and women, respectively. However, as New York Governor Charles Evans Hughes noted in 1907 — 13 years before he became Chief Justice of the Supreme Court — “We are under a Constitution, but the Constitution is what the judges say it is …”
Judicial discretion allowed the Supreme Court during the Jim Crow era to uphold Southern laws that denied power to Black voters through devices such as literacy tests and whites-only primary elections. The Court privileged states’ authority under Article II over the 15th Amendment’s guarantee of the right to vote.
The Supreme Court shifted its position in the 1960s when it upheld the 1965 Voting Rights Act as a valid exercise of Congress’s power to enforce the 15th Amendment. The act authorized federal officials to go into states with a history of voter suppression to register eligible citizens and required these states to get clearance from the Justice Department before making any changes in their voting laws. For the first time in our nation’s history, nearly every U.S. citizen who wanted to vote could do so without facing an undue burden, such as passing a literacy test.
That era has ended. In the early 2000s, Republican legislators in Indiana and Georgia enacted laws requiring residents to have a government-issued photo ID, such as a driver’s license or passport, to register to vote. Minority group members, young adults, and people with low income — all of whom tend to vote Democratic — are the Americans least likely to have a passport or driver’s license.
The constitutionality of a government-issued photo ID law was challenged as violating the 14th Amendment’s equal protection clause. In 2008 the Supreme Court, in a 6-3 decision with Republican appointees casting the six votes, rejected the challenge, saying that, although the law had a partisan motive, it was only one of the motives behind the law. The Court’s decision gave a green light to other states to pass similar laws. Two dozen Republican-controlled states did so.
Five years later the Supreme Court gutted key provisions of the 1965 Voting Rights Act. In Shelby County v. Holder (2013), a 5-4 decision with all five of the majority votes cast by Republican appointees, the Supreme Court invalidated the requirement that required designated states to get clearance from the Justice Department before changing their voting laws, holding that the formula for identifying such states was obsolete.
The Court’s decision set off a race to the bottom in southern states. Within a year, every state previously subject to the preclearance requirement, all of which had a Republican-controlled legislature, had changed its voter eligibility rules.
Texas’s new law required voters to have an approved form of photo ID. On the approved list was a concealed handgun license. Omitted from the list was a state or local government employee ID. A college ID was also left off the list. Government workers, college faculty, staff, and students? Mostly Democrats. Gun owners? Mostly Republicans. The law was challenged as a violation of equal protection, but the Supreme Court upheld it in 2014.
In 2017, North Dakota’s Republican-controlled legislature passed a law requiring residents to have a residential address to be eligible to vote. Nearly all white residents, who tend to vote Republican, had one. But many from North Dakota’s strongest Democratic voting bloc didn’t. They are the Native Americans living on reservations, which don’t have street names and numbers on all their roads. The Supreme Court allowed the North Dakota law to stand.
In 2021, the Republican appointed justices further weakened the Voting Rights Act by upholding a law enacted by Arizona’s Republican-controlled legislature that made it a crime for campaign workers and community volunteers to collect voters’ absentee or mail-in ballots and deliver them to a polling place or post office. The practice was concentrated on Arizona’s Native American reservations where polling places and post offices are often a long distance from people’s homes.
The Republican-appointed Supreme Court justices now appear set to assign the Voting Rights Act to history. In their new term, they have asked to hear a Voting Rights Act case challenging North Carolina’s new law that would block state courts from reviewing cases involving the rules for federal elections. The law if upheld could conceivably allow a state legislature to void election results and handpick the winner.
Texas, Georgia, and Florida are among the more than a dozen Republican-controlled states that have enacted more restrictive voting laws since the 2020 election, many of them aimed at suppressing Democratic turnout. A Georgia law, for example, restricts the number of Sundays on which early voting and registration can occur. Sunday was traditionally a time when Black congregations after church services would collectively register and vote. None of the voting laws enacted by Republican-controlled states since the 2020 election has been struck down by the Supreme Court.
The cumulative impact of states’ efforts to control access to the ballot will not be known until after the November votes are counted but it could be large enough to affect control of the House and Senate. Journalists might consider reminding their audience about what’s required to register and vote in their state.
Thomas E. Patterson, Bradlee Professor of Government & the Press at Harvard’s Kennedy School, is the founder of The Journalist’s Resource and author of several books, most recently “Is the Republican Party Destroying Itself?” JR plans to post a new installment of his Election Beat 2022 series every week leading up to the midterm elections. Patterson can be contacted at firstname.lastname@example.org.
“Voting Laws Roundup: May 2022,” Brennan Center for Justice, NYU, 2022.
“Block the Vote: How Politicians are Trying to Block Voters from the Ballot Box,” ACLU, 2021.
“The Missing Right: A Constitutional Right to Vote,” Jonathan Soros, Democracy 28, Spring 2013. | <urn:uuid:fa67c6ac-6133-41d5-a138-be24aa90a3c2> | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | http://airnzdeals.com/index-103.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296949506.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20230330225648-20230331015648-00026.warc.gz | en | 0.964263 | 1,321 | 3.71875 | 4 |
What is a clinical research study?
A clinical research study, also known as a clinical trial, is a carefully designed study in which participants are asked to take an investigational drug under the supervision of a doctor and other research professionals.
Clinical research studies must be reviewed by an institutional review board (IRB) or ethics committee (EC). An IRB or EC is a group of people that is responsible for helping to protect the rights and welfare of study participants. In addition, every study participant is monitored with medical tests and study-related exams before, during, and sometimes even after the study.
What should I expect for my child?
Before your child participates in a study, a detailed description of the study, as well as possible risks and benefits, will be provided in writing in an “informed consent document” and discussed with you. You will be asked to review and sign the informed consent document prior to your child participating. Your child’s medical history will be reviewed, and your child will be given a study-related physical exam and laboratory tests.
If your child qualifies, he or she may be enrolled in the study. Once enrolled, feel free to discuss your child’s research care with the study doctor or research staff members at any time during the course of the study. Information collected during a clinical research study may or may not ultimately lead to the investigational drug being approved by the FDA or other regulatory health authorities, and may result in future developments of new drugs.
It is important to:
- Attend all scheduled visits with your child
- Help your child describe his or her feelings and well-being accurately and honestly to the study doctor
- Discuss any questions regarding the study with the study doctor
As a study participant, you (on behalf of your child) will have the right to contact the study’s IRB or EC representative regarding your child’s rights as a research participant. Your child will also have the right to leave the study at any time.
See If Your Child May Qualify | <urn:uuid:958707e4-7f64-439f-ac26-2d292f25c685> | CC-MAIN-2018-39 | https://childrensasthmastudy.com/faq | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267157351.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20180921170920-20180921191320-00229.warc.gz | en | 0.959114 | 419 | 3.265625 | 3 |
Turmoil in Palestine: The Basic Context
As the occupied Palestinian territories suffer their worst paroxysm of violence in years, with the casualties, as always, overwhelmingly Palestinian, the mainstream media, also as always, focus on peripheral questions, offer misleading answers, and ignore the underlying causes of the conflict. The fundamental, neglected reality is that the Palestinian people have been denied their basic rights for years by the Israeli government, aided and abetted by its Washington ally.
More than half a century ago, the United Nations (which at the time had comparatively few Third World members) recommended the partition of Palestine into Palestinian and Jewish states, and an internationalized Jerusalem, with the Jewish minority to receive the majority of the land, as well as most of the fertile land. A civil war and then a regional war ensued and when the armistice agreements were signed there was Israel, the Jewish state, but no Palestinian state and no international Jerusalem, both of these being taken over and divided between Israel and Jordan. The occupying Israelis, however, were not content to block the emergence of a Palestinian state; they wanted as well to expel as many Palestinians as possible. This ethnic cleansing -- forced expulsions facilitated by acts of terror -- drove hundreds of thousands of Palestinians from their ancestral lands, to refugee camps where they lived in squalor, longing to return. In 1967, Israel conquered Jordan's share of Palestine, creating a new wave of Palestinian refugees, and subjecting many more to ruthless Israeli rule in the occupied territories.
Through all the peace plans and negotiations this is the central question: how can Palestinians achieve the right of self-determination that has so long been refused them? To the Israeli government, justice for Palestinians has always been subordinated to the Israeli desire for land, for scarce water resources, and for military supremacy in the region. And the United States government has likewise disregarded Palestinian self-determination and human rights, motivated by its desire to see a dominant Israel that could help keep radical Arab nationalism in check in a region of great economic and strategic value.
This past week's violence was sparked by the visit of the leader of Israel's right-wing opposition Likud Party, former general Ariel Sharon, to Haram al Sharif, a Muslim holy site in Jerusalem, revered by Jews as the Temple Mount. The media has asked what Sharon intended by his visit, what role Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Barak played in Sharon's decision to go there, and whether the Palestinian response was spontaneous or orchestrated by the Chairman of the Palestinian Authority, Yasir Arafat. But these limited questions cannot be answered without considering the recent history of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict.
Yasir Arafat was Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) in 1974 when it was recognized by the U.N. (and by nearly every survey of Palestinian opinion) as the sole, legitimate representative of the Palestinian people. But, by the mid-1980's, Arafat and his lieutenants had been away from Palestine for many years, and their connection with Palestinians living in the occupied West Bank and Gaza Strip began to weaken. In December 1987, after 20 years living under the systematic violence of Israeli rule, Palestinians in the occupied territories began wide-spread resistance known as the intifada. The intifada, often remembered for its vivid images of Palestinian children throwing stones at Israeli soldiers who responded with automatic weapons, included, in fact, highly organized non-violent resistance in addition to the more spontaneous stone throwing. Impressively, the intifada with its remarkable self-discipline and courage was an indigenous uprising – neither initiated nor controlled by the PLO leadership-in-exile -- indicating that Arafat no longer spoke for the Palestinian people.
It thus came as something of a surprise when Arafat joined with then-Israeli Prime Minister Yitzak Rabin to sign the 1993 Oslo Accords. The peace process agreed to by Arafat and Rabin called for the redeployment of Israeli troops from most areas of dense Palestinian concentration to other parts of the West Bank, but not for their full withdrawal from the territory. Israeli settlements -- whose presence even Israel's closest ally, the United States government, had always considered a violation of international law -- were to remain in place. Israel retained authority over most of the land, and all the settlers, roads, water, and borders, while the Palestinians gained civil control -- not sovereignty -- over a tiny portion of the West Bank, which essentially meant that they became responsible only for maintaining order over a population seething in grueling poverty and despair. While Israeli analysts saw this arrangement as more manageable than direct Israeli military rule over masses of Palestinians, it was clear that a peace process that did not provide justice and self-determination to a long-suffering people was unlikely to provide much peace either.
Why did Arafat accept this raw deal on behalf of his people? It appears that Arafat was more interested in being the ruler of a Palestinian State, whatever its condition, than in continuing to seek a just solution to the Palestinian-Israeli conflict. Since his return to Palestine in the wake of the Oslo process, Arafat has ruled the Palestinian Authority with a brutally authoritarian fist and, despite some public posturing, has made further concessions to the Israeli government -- most notably giving up the refugees' right of return, something demanded by the U.N. since 1949, and the Palestinian claim to any part of Jerusalem. In so doing, Arafat has further alienated himself from the Palestinian people, who no longer see him as a brave freedom fighter but as a corrupt collaborator.
And what of the other players focused upon by the mainstream media? Ariel Sharon, who has received some criticism in the press, is no stranger to being vilified, or more precisely to being a villain. He is best-known for his role in Israel's invasion of Lebanon in 1982, where -- as even the Israeli Kahan commission found -- he bore indirect responsibility for the indiscriminate slaughter of hundreds of Palestinians in the refugee camps of Sabra and Shatila. He has long been an opponent of any negotiations with Palestinians and rejects any Israeli territorial concessions. Perhaps his visit to Haram al Sharif last week was intended as a provocation to thwart any progress in the peace process (though no real progress was in the offing); perhaps he saw an opportunity to bloody some more Palestinians; or perhaps it was all part of a maneuver to secure his leadership of Likud against a challenge from former Prime Minister Benyamin Netanyahu. But the exact mix of motives here doesn't really matter. No one could possibly have doubted that going to Haram al Sharif and proclaiming it eternal Israeli territory would ignite a firestorm.
As for Prime Minister Ehud Barak, also a former general and the leader of the Labor Party, he is portrayed in the press as a pursuer of peace, willing to make concessions on important issues. But his fundamental position allows no compromise. In 1998, Barak declared that Labor has a "set of red lines which it will under no circumstances cross.... A united Jerusalem must remain under full and unequivocal Israeli sovereignty; most of the population of the settlements will remain under Israeli rule in large settlement blocs; under no circumstances will we return to the 1967 lines" (Jerusalem Post, 13 May 1998, p. 1). So whatever other concessions Barak might be willing to entertain, any that might offer the Palestinians real justice has been automatically excluded.
What role did Barak have in Sharon's decision to go to Haram al Sharif? All indications are that Barak knew of Sharon's visit before it occurred. The extent to which Barak would have been able to prevent the visit had he so desired is not clear, but there is no evidence that Barak had any such desire. In recent weeks, even before the latest outbursts of violence, as Barak's support in the Israeli Knesset (parliament) had been waning, there had been rumors that he was seeking to form a coalition government with Sharon's Likud Party. His inaction did nothing to belie these rumors. In any event, however, the role Barak played in Sharon's visit is less important than Barak's overall role in the latest violence. In addition to his support for a peace process that offers no justice and thus no peace, it is he and his Cabinet who are ultimately responsible for the Israeli military's vicious lack of restraint during this past week: the killing of an unarmed, cowering 12-year-old boy, the killing of an ambulance driver who tried to save the boy, the killings of dozens of others (more than seventy at this writing), the maiming of many hundreds of others, the tank and helicopter gunships blasting apartment buildings.
As for Arafat's role in the latest violence, he can be viewed as the initiator only to the extent that his role in the Oslo process has made conditions in the occupied territories ripe for violence. What has inflamed the Palestinians -- and world opinion, at least outside Washington -- was the provocation of Sharon and the bloody actions of the Israeli military; no orders from Arafat were needed to bring thousands of enraged Palestinians into the streets. On the other hand, while not indicating a causal relationship as many of Israel's supporters have argued, it must be acknowledged that given Israel's savage history with respect to the Palestinians, Arafat might have anticipated this sort of Israeli over-reaction, perhaps allowing him to regain some of his lost credibility and putting some international pressure on the Barak government. But neither Arafat's attempts to keep up with Palestinian popular sentiment nor the occasional mindless excesses by some frustrated Palestinians (such as the trashing of Joseph's tomb, a Jewish holy place) change the basic situation: what has transpired in these past two weeks has been a legitimate, indigenous response to the denial of Palestinian rights, Israel's brutal occupation, and Arafat's capitulation.
What will come of this latest violence is unclear. Certainly the dire poverty in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, the repression by Arafat's police, and the hopelessness of the Oslo process are factors which make another intifada possible. And Barak has made clear how he would answer any such uprising: the Israeli military would use "all means at their disposal" and they would do so "[e]ven if it is against the whole world." (Karin Laub, Laura King, both AP, 7 Oct. 2000) And indeed Israel is unlikely to concern itself with international pressure as long as the United States continues to flak for Israeli barbarism. U.S. officials may work to quiet outbursts of violence, but they still fail to insist that Israel offer justice to the Palestinians. Peace and justice in the Middle East will never occur until Washington stops giving Israel a blank check. And that will require decisive action by the American people.
Alex R. Shalom spent five months in 1998 studying in Jordan, Israel, and Palestine; Stephen R. Shalom teaches political science at William Paterson University. | <urn:uuid:7e4f337a-54bb-4569-a2cc-43bd71d5caff> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.zcommunications.org/turmoil-in-palestine-the-basic-context-by-stephen1-shalom | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368698238192/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516095718-00085-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.972225 | 2,243 | 3 | 3 |
On this page, you will find lots of links and media addressing e-safety. We all use the Internet for a whole variety of purposes and online safety is of paramount importance. Technology is changing all the time and young people are no longer passive recipients of online information. The use of digital technology is fully integrated into their lives and children are encouraged to use technology to boost their confidence and skills. However, their knowledge and awareness of the inherent issues, risks and dangers is usually very low.
Teaching your child about technology should be seen as another part of keeping them safe, just like crossing the road, stranger danger and learning to swim.
We can only be successful in keeping children safe online if we work with parents to ensure the e-Safety message is consistent. It is important that parents speak to their children about how they can keep safe and behave appropriately online.
Information for parents and children about how to stay safe when using the internet can be found on the links below:
Please find below a useful video link on how to keep children and young people safe in a digital world.
Please find below a range of support resources about keeping your child safe on Snapchat. Please note that the legal age for Snapchat is 13.
Online Safety Settings Guide
National Online Safety App
National Online Safety have launched a new app which has a large library of parent guides and helpful tips.
Google's Be Internet Legends
Use the link to access 'The Legends Family Adventure.'
Ollee, is a new app designed to help children’s wellbeing.
Ollee is a virtual friend for children aged 8-11, funded by BBC Children in Need’s A Million & Me initiative. It helps children understand their emotions and talk to their parents about what’s troubling them – or what’s making them happy.
It’s also packed with advice about subjects including school, friendships, family life and the internet. | <urn:uuid:aac3aff5-e279-4513-899b-184c99d13491> | CC-MAIN-2022-05 | https://www.priestsicprimaryschool.co.uk/online-safety/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-05/segments/1642320300253.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220117000754-20220117030754-00249.warc.gz | en | 0.948861 | 399 | 3.515625 | 4 |
However, he thinks libraries are much more important than colleges and universities. Bradbury began to publish science fiction stories in fanzines in 1938.He became a full-time writer by the end of 1942. His first collection of short stories, Dark Carnival, was published in 1947. Many of Bradbury's works have been adapted into TV shows or films and he is particularly known for his novel Fahrenheit 451. The veldt was published originally as “The Word the Children Made” in The Saturday Evening post and later republished in “The illustrated man” in 1951. The rise in the popularity of T.
V. had a direct influence on “The Veldt. At the time the story was written, many American families were acquiring their first television sets, and no one was sure exactly how this new technology would impact the relationships among family members and this fear is reflected in “The Veldt”. Characters George Hadley: is the father of the family Hadley and also one of the protagonists of the story he can be considerate as a round character. At the beginning of the story we know he is in admiration whit all the things technology can do.He can’t imagine his life without the happy-life home. He seems to work a lot because he wants the best things for his kids however all during the story we will notice that his opinion about the technology will change.
Lydia Hadley: Is his wife and she can also be considerate as a protagonist in this story. She is also well described we know her feelings thought the dialogs and we have a good idea of her personality and her values. The way she acts let us know she don’t fell comfortable whit all that technology. Wendy and Peter are Mr. and Mrs. Hadley kids and they are also the antagonist of the story.Bradbury will give us a physical description of the kids but they are less described than their parents, probably because they just appear at the middle of the story.
They can both be considerate as flats characters even if Peter is more describe than Wendy. Peter really makes us understand that there is a conflict between the kids and the parents through the actions he makes and the things he said. David McClean: is the psychologist George Hadley will call. He is not a major character in the story and we can consider him also as a flat character. He will try to help Mr. and Mrs.Hadley to resolve the problem they have with their kids and the nursery.
The nursery: I think the nursery is almost like a character. The nursery is probably more important for the kids than their own parents and they consider it like something alive. The nursery will act at the and against Mr. and Mrs. Hadley so it can be considerate also like an antagonist of the story. Summary This is the story of Lydia and George Hadley and their two kids, Wendy and Peter. They live in a Happy-life Home.
The house does everything for the family.It dresses them, brushes their teeth and cooks the food. The house also contains a high-tech nursery. Is the heart of the house, a new technology that is able to read the mind of the person in the room and project it on to the walls. It feels real in almost every way, including smell and sound. One day George and Lydia realize that something is wrong with the nursery. It appears to be stuck in an African setting, whit lions hunting and killing.
They have been hearing strange screams and they do not understand why their children would be concerned with Africa or with death. George and Lydia will decide to call a psychologist.The psychologist David McClean will suggest them to turn off the room and the house, and leave. But before turning off the nursery the children asked their pa rents for one last nursery visit. After a few minutes the kids will call George and Lydia and when they will enter in the nursery to see what was happening the children will lock them in. It seems quite clear that the children are more connected to the house than they are their own parents. At this moment we understand that besides the African setting, George and Lydia find personal recreations of their belongings in the nursery.
Structural analysis . At the beginning of the story we have a description of the situation. We know the story happens in the future. We know there is a family who lives in a mechanical house but the situation is normal and realistic. The complication in this story will be the nursery because it seems to be stuck in an African setting. it will create a real conflict between the nursery and the parents and also between the kids and the parents because they are actually the ones who create that African veldt. The tension increase during the story when for example, Mr.
nd Mrs. Hadley heir screams coming from the nursery, when they saw the nursery door trembling as if something had jumped from the other side, when Gorge realized he had forgotten to lock the nursery door or when they find George’s wallet with drops of saliva and blood smears. And even if Mr. and Mrs. Hadley will try to resolve the problem for example calling the psychologist they will not be able. The climax of the story occurs when the kids lock their parents in the nursery. We will see that there is no a happy ending but just the kids acting like if nothing had appended.
Foreshadowing Bradbury uses foreshadowing when George and Lydia Hadley are in bed and they hear screams coming from the nursery. Lydia comments, “Those screams—they sound familiar. ” ( page 116 paragraph 146) Later, the reader realizes that the screams sound familiar to Lydia because they are actually her screams and those of her husband. (170) Peter will said to his father when they are talking about turning off the nursery “ I don’t think you’d better consider it anymore, Father” because he know his father will be kill by the African veldt if try to turned off.Flashbacks We know kids had some problems whit their parents a few months ago. “They had been acting funny ever since you forbade them to take the rocket to New York a few months ago. ”(136) we know also George close the nursery because kids did not make their homework (199) and Lydia notice kids have been cool toward her and her husband since all that happen.
So the reader know that kids have some reasons to be in conflict with their parents and they can anticipate that they will maybe do something to their parents. Setting the setting of the veldt is external and very general. The action of this story occurs in two places in the happy-life home and in the nursery. The nursery is a very fictional place where they are disconnected whit reality and the happy-life home it’s the place where the live the reality but thought technology.Obviously everything happen in the future, we don’t have an exactly date or year but we can understand by the technology that it is in a far future. Style “The Veldt” has a very high level of concreteness. Bradbury uses a lot of description and dialogue to make the reader imagine the story.
He make us discover the African veldt through specific descriptive passages such as “The hot straw smell of lion grass, the cool green smell of the hidden water hole, the great rusty smell of animals, the smell of dust like a red paprika in the hot air. Or “And here were the lions now, fifteen feet away, so real, so feverishly and startlingly real that you could feel the prickling fur on your hand, and your moth was stuffed with the dusty upholstery smell of their heated pelts, and the yellow of them was in your eyes like the yellow of an exquisite French tapestry, the yellows of lions and summer grass, and the sound of the matted lion lungs exhaling on the silent noontide, and the smell of meat from the panting dripping mouths. ” (29) The descriptions create a sensory atmosphere. The ambience lets the reader know that there is a good possibility that something terrible might happen.Because Bradbury will use a lot of dark words like: scream,(24) terrible green-yellow eyes, blood (66) death (66), murder in the heat (72) blood smears (122) terrible screaming (181) persecuted (207) to die (216) dead bodies (230)kill everything ( 231) There are also a lot of repetition for example all during the story we will find “this is a little to real” (15) so real (29)”they look real” (37) it’s too real (38) a bit too real (72) the lions look real (208) so the repetition creates in the reader mind the idea of maybe all what happens in the nursery is real. SimileBradbury uses similes throughout “The Veldt”. For example, when George is in the nursery and the door is opened he said the can see his wife far down the dark and she is like a framed picture.
Or when Wendy walks to the nursery and “The home lights followed her like a flock of fireflies”. Bradbury will also use similes to increase the tension in the story. After George Hadley turns off the house, he writes, “It felt like a mechanical cemetery. ”(page 118 paragraph 230) This description provides a clear image of the association of technology and death. Personification n the text we will also see a personification of the nursery and the house because Bradbury attributes emotions to these inanimate objects, “‘I don’t imagine the room will like being turned off,’ said the father. ‘Nothing likes to die—even a room. I wonder if it hates me for wanting to switch it off? ”(Page 117-118 paragraphs 215-217) and we will see also that Peter talks to the house and the nursery like if the house could heir hi and to whatever he said.
“Don’t let Father kill everything” (231) and “don’t let them switch off the nursery and the house” (256) | <urn:uuid:b4a03f6d-fa72-4447-a2bc-47503efbfd91> | CC-MAIN-2022-21 | https://innovisops.com/essay/the-veldt-158459 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662515501.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220517031843-20220517061843-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.971954 | 2,122 | 2.703125 | 3 |
When a woman ovulates, various hormones in her body are synchronized to prepare her for ovulation, fertilization and implantation. Ovulation occurs approximately 10-12 hours after the LH peak. Here are the primary hormones involved in ovulation in women:
1. Progesterone - The ovaries produce significant amounts of progesterone during the 2 weeks or so that follow ovulation. Progesterone thickens the nutrient-rich endometrium in preparation to receive a fertilized egg. It also acts on the breasts to prepare them for milk production (lactation).
2. Estrogen – Estrogen is produced in increasing quantities prior to ovulation, helps the uterus rebuild its lining (or endometrium) after menstruation. In addition, estrogen and progesterone also act as feedback controls on the brain hormones LH and FSH. In other words, these sex hormones travel to the brain to increase or decrease LH and FSH production. This feedback mechanism helps to regulate the timing and the events of the menstrual cycle.
3. Estrogen and progesterone are both made primarily in the ovaries from cholesterol. Initially, the ovaries use cholesterol to derive progesterone and the male sex hormone testosterone. Then the ovaries convert a good portion of the progesterone and almost all of the testosterone into estrogen. After ovulation occurs, more progesterone is made than can be converted; consequently, significant amounts of progesterone are secreted only during the latter half of the cycle.
4. LH- The LH surge is initiated by a dramatic rise of estradiol produced by the preovulatory follicle. The LH surge occurs 34 to 36 hours prior to ovulation and is a relatively precise predictor for timing ovulation. The LH surge stimulates luteinization and stimulates the synthesis of progesterone responsible for the mid cycle FSH surge. Also, the LH surge stimulates resumption of meiosis and release of ovum.
5. FSH- Estradiol levels fall dramatically immediately prior to the LH peak. Elevated FSH levels at this time are thought to free the ovum from the follicular attachments. Progesterone is responsible for stimulating the mid cycle rise in FSH. The mechanism causing the postovulatory fall in LH is unknown. The decline in LH may be due to the loss of the positive feedback effect of estrogen, due to the increasing inhibitory feedback effect of progesterone, or due to a depletion of LH content of the pituitary from downregulation of GnRH receptors.
Find out what is ovulation and what are the physical signs of ovulation. | <urn:uuid:9971816b-66d3-48cb-860c-7f7ec8eac44e> | CC-MAIN-2018-43 | http://flutterofhope.blogspot.com/2006/06/hormones-in-action-when-woman-ovulates.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-43/segments/1539583511365.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20181018001031-20181018022531-00403.warc.gz | en | 0.907672 | 540 | 3.78125 | 4 |
However, as with most fruit trees, your Avocados will each produce more fruit with two trees. Keep in mind, though: You will need to use a different type of tree for your avocado yield to increase. You want an A type and a B type tree to produce the most fruit.
Will a single avocado tree produce fruit?
So one reason why an avocado won’t produce fruit is simply because it is not a mature grafted variety. … Avocados have a unique flowering behavior called ‘protogynous dichogamy. ‘ All that this cumbersome phrase means is that the tree has both functional male and female organs in each flower.
Do avocado trees need to grow in pairs?
For the best yields of fruit, two avocado trees are required. … Both flower types produce and are receptive to pollen at different times of day, and the best pollination and fruit set occur when type A and B avocado cultivars grow together.
Do you need 2 avocados to fruit?
People also often say “do I need to have two trees to get fruit, and the answer is no, but if you have two trees you will increase your chances of getting more fruit. The reason for this is that avocado trees actually have male and female flowers on the same plant.
How long does it take for an avocado tree to bear fruit?
Whether you start from seed or a nursery-grown tree, one essential for success is patience. Plant a tree, and you’ll wait three to four years for fruit. Start with a seed, you may wait 13 years or more. Even so, there’s something special about homegrown avocados that make them worth the wait.
Do you need two trees to make fruit?
Most fruit trees require pollination between two or more trees for fruit to set. Pollination occurs when the trees blossom. Pollen from the anthers (the male part of the plant) has to be transferred to the stigma (the female part of the plant). Completed pollination fertilizes the tree and fruit grows.
Do Hass avocado trees self pollinate?
Hass avocado trees are self-pollinating, but if you want a more plentiful harvest, consider planting another type of avocado tree. … Hass avocado trees are type A, meaning that they flower from February through May. When the flowers first open in the morning, they are female until they close in the afternoon.
Is Wurtz avocado self pollinating?
The variety Wurtz is a A flowering type. It is very self-fertile but planting a B type nearby may improve fruit set in cooler climates (Fuerte and Sharwill are suitable B type pollinators).
Will a potted avocado tree bear fruit?
Do not expect fruit when growing avocados in containers. Indoor plants need cool nights to force blooming and fruiting. They can also take up to ten years to get to fruiting stage. If you do get fruit, the flavor is not as good as those commercially produce from rootstocks.
Do avocado trees need another tree to pollinate?
The avocado pollen of one tree is compatible with itself and quite capable of pollinating its own flowers — known as self-pollination. … Other trees open first in the afternoon as functionally female, close and then reopen the next morning as functionally male (type B flowering sequence).
How many times do avocado trees produce fruit in a year?
A mature avocado tree (5 to 7 years old) can produce 200 to 300 fruits per year. Here we can see avocado buds. Avocado trees will not produce fruit for at least a few years after planting.
How far apart should avocados be planted?
If you have soil that doesn’t drain well, work in sand or other gritty matter to increase its drainage. Also, you need to leave 8 to 10 feet (2.5 to 3 m.) from buildings and up to 30 feet (10 m.) of space apart when planting avocado trees.
How do you know if an avocado tree is male or female?
Each flower is female when it first opens. That is, its stigma will receive pollen from other avocado flowers, but its stamens (male organs) do not shed pollen at this first opening. The petals and sepals, which look alike in the avocado, protect the delicate sex organs while they develop.
How many avocados does a tree produce a year?
The California Avocado Commission says an average tree in that state typically averages 150 avocados a year, totaling 60 pounds of avocados, although a single tree is capable of producing 500 avocados, weighing 200 pounds, in one year.
How big do avocado trees get?
Outdoors, this fruit-bearing tree will reach heights of 15 to 20 feet and a width of 5 to 8 feet at full maturity. But when it’s container-grown, it will reach a height between 5 to 7 feet, allowing easy harvesting.
What is the fastest growing fruit tree?
Top 10 Fastest Growing Fruit Trees
- Apple Trees. USDA Zones: 3-8. …
- Citrus Fruit Trees. USDA Zones: 8-10 (in-ground) …
- Apricot Trees. USDA Zones: 5-8. …
- Mandarin Fruit Trees. USDA Zones: 8-10 (in-ground) …
- Cherry Trees. USDA Zones: 4-7. …
- Fig Trees. USDA Zones: 8-11 (in-ground) …
- Pear Trees. USDA Zones: 3-10. …
- Moringa Trees. USDA Zones: 8-10.
Can a apple tree pollinate a pear tree?
An apple tree cannot pollinate a pear tree, or any other non-apple tree for that matter. Pollination in plants is just like sexual reproduction in animals: the species need to be the same for pollination or offspring to occur.
Do you have to plant more than one fruit tree?
Do you have to plant fruit trees in pairs? Often, but not always. Most fruit trees need to be pollinated with at least two or three compatible trees. This means if possible, you should plant a couple of trees to encourage pollination, giving them about 50-feet of space between the trees.
Do fig trees self pollinate?
Almost all figs are self-pollinating, Marc, the only exception I know of is a variety grown in California from which them tasty Fig Newtons are made. But variety choice is important for other reasons, namely the type and color of figs produced and the number of crops you can expect in a season.
How many fruit does a Hass avocado tree have?
Hass avocado yield per tree
A unit of tree if irrigated well will provide 1,000 fruits per year. Proper pest and disease control, plant density and soil fertility are the major factors affecting the yields of hass avocado.
How many fruits does a Hass avocado tree produce?
Hass avocado investment is bigger than coffee. One properly watered tree of hass avocado can give you 1,000 fruits a year, which comes to Sh8,000.
Do avocado trees need bees to pollinate?
Honeybees Lend a Helping Hand
In doing so, they often transfer pollen from the male flowers of one tree to the female flowers of another, thereby achieving pollination and – in some cases – fruit set. Honeybees aren’t the only insects that participate in avocado tree pollination, but they are among the most helpful.
What does a Wurtz avocado tree look like?
The tree has a distinctive weeping growth habit with a dense cover of leaves and small limbs. This is an A-Type avocado and will produce fruit on its own.
|Skin Color When Ripe||Green|
How big do Wurtz avocado trees get?
Compared to other avocado trees, which can grow up to 80 feet, a Wurtz avocado tree grows to about 10 feet. Due to its small size, the Wurtz avocado tree can be grown in a large container (such as a half wine barrel) and is a good option for smaller front and back yards.
How much fruit does a Wurtz avocado tree produce?
The “Wurtz” is small enough to grow in a container. The tree produces dark green fruits 8 to 14 ounces.
Can you keep an avocado tree small?
With a small number of cuts done every year, and possibly some pinches, you can keep an avocado tree down to 15 feet (my Hass), 12 feet (my Reed), even 10 feet. … And if the pruning cuts are done at the right place and in the right time, our trees will still make quite a lot of fruit for their small size.
Can I grow a fruiting avocado tree indoors?
It’s a challenge. Avocado trees are evergreen and need good light year round to bear fruit. Indoor trees need the sunniest, most south-facing windows in the house. … The resulting tree bears fruit identical to that from which the branch was taken, and does so within only two or three years of planting.
Are avocado plant indoor or outdoor?
Avocado trees (Persea americana) can grow indoors in any growing zone, making great low-maintenance houseplants. However, it can take up to 10 years for the tree to bear fruit in its natural growing conditions, and it can reach 40 feet tall or more when grown in the ground.
How long does it take for an avocado to grow from a flower?
Taking up to eight months between bloom and harvest, you will see edible fruits between June and October, depending on the growing conditions and local environment.
What temperature is too hot for avocado trees?
How hot is too hot for avocado trees? Protect them when over 75 degrees? Fortunately, avocado trees can thrive in heat well above 75 degrees as long as they’re watered sufficiently.
Can I plant an avocado tree next to a citrus tree?
Plant dwarf or semidwarf cultivars of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis), avocado (Persea americana) and mango (Mangifera indica) trees to ensure there’s enough room for your trees, especially since the avocado tree width can shade an entire garden when mature.
Are avocado trees hard to grow?
Avocado trees are the most difficult to plant of any tree I know. This is mostly because avocado roots are uniquely brittle. It’s difficult not to break any during planting, and yet, breaking roots during planting sets the tree’s growth back.
How many avocado trees can be planted in an acre?
According to the society, a farmer can plant 100 trees in a one acre piece of land. In this, one tree can yield between 600 to 800 fruits per season meaning a farmer can harvest between 60,000 and 80,000 fruits per acre in two and half years’ time.
Are eggshells good for avocado trees?
Eggshells can also be used as planters for small seedlings and be put directly in the ground for planting. … They are particularly useful on those plants for which you would apply an ‘acid food’ such as evergreens, azaleas, roses, camellias, avocados, and certain fruit trees.
Can I plant two avocado trees in the same hole?
Planting two trees of different varieties in one hole is a great option for a yard with little space or for a person or couple who only need one tree’s worth of avocados.
What does a pollinated avocado flower look like?
Avocado Won’t Fruit? How To Pollinate An Avocado Tree For Self …
How much do avocado farmers make?
According to Currier, “an extremely good” grower might get 15,000 pounds per acre, but the average for the state is more like 5,500 pounds. Fallbrook grove owner Folkedale says the profit from every 60 or 70 avocado trees equals about $3,000 per year after expenses, not including taxes.
Why do small avocados fall off the tree?
2- water stress, either too much or too little, can cause the fruit to drop. Avocado trees require well-draining soil, so overwatering can cause root rot. Too little water, especially in hot weather can also cause stress and fruit drop.
Can you overwater an avocado tree?
In general, avocado trees need little water, so overwatering them can produce a bevy of issues, such as avocado tree leaves curling. Identifying an overwatered avocado tree is not difficult, however.
Can I cut the top off my avocado tree?
Snip the top of the avocado tree off when it reaches approximately 12 inches in height, cutting the tree back to 6 inches. … When the tree has produced several crops of fruit, it is desirable to remove the entire top of the tree, then prune yearly to maintain the tree at a workable height.
What is the hardest fruit tree to grow?
Some fruits are easier to grow than others, but all will require special care. Fruits listed, from the easiest to grow to the most difficult, are: apples, pears, sour cherries (sweet cherries do not grow well here), plums, apricots and peaches.
What’s the easiest fruit tree to grow?
Pears are THE easiest fruit to grow on a tree! The round, gritty “sand pears” (derived from Asian pears) are among the easiest fruit bearing trees to grow.
What trees are self pollinating?
Depending on the variety you choose, some fruit trees are self-pollinating and some require a pollinator. Self-pollinating fruit trees include apricots, nectarines, peaches, and sour cherries, whereas fruit trees that require pollinators include apples, pears, plums, and sweet cherries. | <urn:uuid:497f0bce-1c49-4048-a14a-fb5f7bb3026d> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://tchaise.com/2020/09/13/do-you-need-2-avocado-trees-to-produce-fruit/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764494974.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20230127065356-20230127095356-00181.warc.gz | en | 0.921714 | 2,971 | 3.203125 | 3 |
Listen Now Download as mp3 from the show Cheese Making and Cake Baking: The Chemistry of Cookery
Rosemary, Somersham asked:
Why don't animals and birds get food poisoning?
Nick - I guess sometimes they might, but they just don't tell us! I think there are some important differences between animals and ourselves. Many animals, of course, live on rotting carcases, and are designed to be able to cope with that. One of the main protections we've got against food poisoning is the acid in our stomachs, and some animals are able to ingest food poisoning organisms and destroy them within their stomachs before they get down to the gut. Then there are other animals that we know carry food poisoning organisms naturally, for example chickens carry Campylobacter and Salmonellas, Cattle carry E. coli 157, and they don't seem to be affected by these organisms, presumably because they don't have the right receptors in their gut for the organism to bind to and cause disease.
Chris - So the bottom line is, those animals in nature that are not equipped with the ability to cook food or keep it clean are therefore endowed with better immunity, better resistance mechanisms, or just don't actually respond to whatever toxin the organism uses to make us ill.
Nick - Absolutely. | <urn:uuid:a1495a34-049d-47f2-85c8-bfc7edba3ccb> | CC-MAIN-2015-35 | http://www.thenakedscientists.com/HTML/questions/question/3163/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-35/segments/1440645359523.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20150827031559-00122-ip-10-171-96-226.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.954455 | 266 | 2.9375 | 3 |
This essay will discuss how Mark Twain uses superstition to develop the plot of his novel while also satirizing religious belief in the America of the 1800’s. I will discuss how the author uses his characters to reflect his own views and uncertainty in this subject while also discussing how these superstitions relate to real-life.
Superstition runs though Mark Twain’s Huckleberry Finn and is infused into the plot and character development process. Often, the superstitious qualities relate directly to the ideas of hope and fear and the characters tend to equate their actions with having an effect on how their path continues. Almost immediately in chapter one, Huck tells us about how he accidentally flicks a spider into the flame of a candle: “I didn’t need anybody that that was an awful bad sign and would fetch me some bad luck…” (Twain, 1885, p 4) Huck then performs an extraordinary dance in trying to undo his misfortune: “I got up and turned around in my tracks three times and crossed my breast every time; and then I tied up a little lock of my hair, to keep witches away.” (Twain, 1885, p 4) This scene instantly creates the image of Huck Finn as being superstitious and being genuinely concerned with the consequences of this action which suggests he does believe in superstition.
Arguably, the book parodies religion by using superstition to represent the beliefs of people in real life, and the extent which they would go to in order to avoid bad luck. Much like religious people do in real life, Huck and Jim use superstition to explain away inexplicable events; they take credit when something good happens but when something bad happens, they seem keen to blame it on their bad luck instead. This is often the case with religion, although people tend to take the view that good and bad things happen because God saw fit to do so. It is through religion that Twain manages to link the superstition of the novel to real life superstition: he compares the two and suggests that religion is on a par with superstition, which would have been a very controversial view in the 1800’s.
Potentially another link to religion is the superstition concerning the snake skin. A well-known Biblical story tells of Eve being approached by the snake in the Garden of Eden; eating the apple and cursing the human race for eternity. This connects to Jim’s belief that it is unlucky to touch a snakeskin with your hands. In chapter ten, Huck endeavours to dissuade Jim of this belief and says, “Well here’s your bad luck! We’ve raked in all this truck and eight dollars besides. I wish we could have some bad luck like this every day, Jim.” (Twain, 1885, p 56) The mocking tone suggests that Huck does not believe in Jim’s superstition to quite the same extent but he is proven wrong when later in the chapter, Huck plays a trick on Jim by placing a dead snake at the foot of his blanket. However, by the time they retire to bed, the dead snake’s “mate” is waiting and bites Jim. This suggestion that superstition is both silly but also realistic suggests that Twain may well have had his doubts as to whether it was real or not, but that he didn’t want to flaunt his uncertainty in case he was wrong, like Huck. This is often the case in real life with both superstition and religion. A lot of uncertainty surrounds both areas and the majority of people would prefer to hedge their bets rather than commit to definitely or definitely not believing.
Salt has a lot of lore attached to it concerning luck and misfortune: supposedly, it is good luck to throw some salt over your left shoulder. The Ancient Greeks considered salt to be sacred and as a source of life, and in some cultures, salt was used to purchase goods. In chapter four of Huckleberry Finn, Huck spills some salt at the breakfast table and worried about the potential bad luck, he wants to throw some over his shoulder but can’t because Miss Watson won’t let him. Huck says, “The widow put in a good word for me…” meaning that she would pray for him, “but that warn’t going to keep off the bad luck.” (Twain, 1885, p 16) This suggests that Huck puts more faith into superstition than he does religion, unlike Miss Watson who clearly thinks that by praying for him, his bad luck will be kept at bay. Huck adds that he was “on the watch out” (Twain, 1885, p 17) presumably, for any bad luck. This suggests Huck has a heightened concern when regarding superstition: he does not want anything to bad to happen to him because he knocked over the salt shaker. Salt is a common form of superstition in real life and even today, a lot of people bother to throw some salt over their shoulder to counter-act any misfortune. This particular sign holds up a mirror to the contrast between Huck and Miss Watson’s beliefs: both believe in something which potentially has no real basis in reality but still affect show they live their day to day lives.
Huck and Jim both lead lives that are following a very negative path. Jim is a slave and Huck’s Father is the town drunk and so both of the boys are born into lives which are destined to be difficult and heart-breaking. Arguably, the two boys would like to believe that their fate is controlled by a series of superstitions and by doing things such as throwing salt over their shoulder; they feel as though they are controlling that fate and hopefully diverting it on to a more positive route. As they are unable to change their fate directly, the boys will resort to superstition as a desperate attempt to change their fortune. This is often the case with religion: people who suffer a great deal of misfortune will often pray to God in the hope that this will change their fate, although both religion and superstition are, arguably, faith-based and therefore there is no proof that either of these things help to change a person’s fate. Jim, in particular seems keen to focus on his belief in superstition as being the answer to all his troubles: nearly everything he encounters is passed off as being superstition-related. Because of this, Huck becomes cynical about superstition (as demonstrated by the aforementioned snake incident) and it begins to show Huck’s thoughts that Jim is gullible and naïve. Huck’s views point to Twain’s point of view of superstition and religion (because the links made between the two throughout the book) as being nonsense and the beliefs of less intelligent people. That said, Jim uses his superstition to lure Huck into fully accepting his own stereotypical beliefs about Jim as a black slave in order to hide his real intelligence and ability to manipulate.
However, the superstitious signs do also play a big part in Huck’s life, for example in chapter four, Huck notices footprints in the snow: “There was a cross in the left bootheel made with big nails, to keep off the devil.” (Twain, 1885, p 17) This gives us a big insight into Huck’s inner-mind: his Father is religious and Huck is quite cynical about religion and to some extent, superstition so we are led to believe that Huck is perhaps actively acting against his Father’s beliefs. Huck’s Father is an alcoholic and an un-fit parent and as such, Huck would not be to blame for wanting to be the opposite of his Father. The sign of the cross is a religious symbol which represents Christ’s crucifixion in the name of his Father. The connection between the cross’ meaning and it appearing in the boot prints of Huck’s father is unlikely to be a coincidence. The repetition of superstitious signs throughout the book is designed to satirize religion and when Huck notices the cross, this is Twain quite blatantly making that connection and commenting on his own attitude towards both.
The superstition in this novel often pre-empts plot developments; for example, when Huck decides to escape he deliberately makes a note of the June rise on the river because this rise has always brought him luck and it does here too; he finds a canoe which allows him to make his escape. Twain refers to luck as bringing good fortune like this on a number of occasions and seems to be keen to present a Janus-faced view of superstition as he seems keen to suggest that good omens and signs bring good fortune when recognised such as when Huck finds the canoe; but alternatively, he also gently mocks it through Huck’s voice such as when Huck mocks Jim with the dead snake. Twain also regularly relates superstition to religion and appears to be actively satirizing it: he is saying that religion (and superstition, in turn) can mean absolutely nothing but that it can mean the world to some people; if you want to see something, then you will. Huck represents Twain’s cynicism and Jim represents his optimism but it is unclear whether Twain has fallen down solidly in either camp. He relates superstition to events in the plot as a way of inducing the reader into relating to the text; everyone has a small superstition of some nature which they either allow to guide them or comfort them.
1. Robinson, F. G. (1988). The Characterization of Jim in Huckleberry Finn. Nineteenth Century Literature, 43(3). Retrieved February 21, 2011 from http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/3044898.pdf?acceptTC=true
2. Frantz, Jr. R. W. (1956). The Role of Folklore in Huckleberry Finn. American Literature, 28(3). Retrieved February 22, 2011 from http://www.jstor.org/stable/2922585
3. Haun, J. 2004, October 20. Superstition in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn [Web log message]. Retrieved from http://blogs.setonhill.edu/JenniferHaun/005420.html
4. Twain, M. (1885). The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Mumbai: Orient Longman Ltd.
5. Egan, M. (1977). Mark Twain’s Huckleberry Finn: Race, Class and Society. Sussex, UK: Chatto and Windus.
6. Briethaupt, J L. (1978). Superstition in Huckleberry Finn. Ohio: Ohio State University.
7. Baldanza, F. (1955). The Structure of Huckleberry Finn. American Literature, 27(3). Retrieved Febraury 22, 2011 from http://www.jstor.org/stable/2922155
8. Robinson, F. G. (1986). In bad Faith: the dynamics of deception in Mark Twain’s America. USA: First Harvard University Press. | <urn:uuid:00c47253-8a22-4c2c-96a1-c160db29599b> | CC-MAIN-2021-17 | https://www.wowessays.com/free-samples/research-paper-on-how-mark-twain-uses-superstition-in-hucklberry-finn/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-17/segments/1618038064520.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20210411144457-20210411174457-00322.warc.gz | en | 0.967324 | 2,295 | 3.0625 | 3 |
Routing without source information and Traffic self-similarity
boydn at jacana.lcs.mit.edu
Thu Sep 18 21:03:26 UTC 1997
> Okay... I'll bite...
> Maybe I am just naive but if the IP header did not contain a source
> address, how would TCP acknowledgement, windowing, or re-transmission take
> How would a request for data be serviced? Would responses always be in
> the form of a all-nets/all-hosts broadcast? How else would the response
> get back to the originating host?
The point is that the source address is not explicitly *required* in the
*header*. Thus, a source and destination could "setup" an IP session by
negotiating a "session ID" or something - the first packet from source to
destination would include the source's address in the *payload* along with
information to start the negotiation process. I am describing, in other words,
something like an ATM transport layer that would live below IP.
> Routing Protocols.... we need source addressing so we know, at the IP
> layer, who our sources of information are, and then, who can we accept
> information from and who we should refuse information from. In addition,
> access-lists, route-filters, and other types of security would be
> non-functional without source addresses.
Now you're addressing (so to speak ;) the kind of issues that I am concerned
with: without mandating source information in the header, how can the
destination make decisions about rejecting/accepting traffic? alternatively,
how can middle agents (e.g., routers) do filtering, etc.? how can we
possibly prevent spoofing?
> Lastly, how would you accomplish a traceroute on a network with no source
> addressing? Where would the ICMP ttl expired messages be directed if
> there was no source address in the packet?
I don't know! You tell me! Do we make each intermediate router "aware" of
the negotiated session ID? Doesn't sound tractable to me.
I hope this clarifies this - I don't think it is so strivial as my initial
email led you to believe.
More information about the NANOG | <urn:uuid:c105606c-f8da-478e-8c70-0849ec1ef5e3> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://mailman.nanog.org/pipermail/nanog/1997-September/123706.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499829.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20230130201044-20230130231044-00538.warc.gz | en | 0.921739 | 524 | 2.890625 | 3 |
The Food Sector includes agricultural production (crops and livestock) as well as food preparation, consumption, and waste. This essential human activity is responsible for a major share of greenhouse gas emissions today: crop and livestock production is the source of about 1/8 of anthropogenic emissions. Land clearing (which is mostly for agriculture) is the source of another 1/8 of emissions (IPCC, 2014). Many of Project Drawdown’s supply-side agricultural solutions reduce emissions from farming and ranching, while also sequestering significant amounts of carbon. Demand-side solutions like a plant-based diet and reduced food waste reduce the need for land clearing.
Each solution in the Food Sector was modeled individually, and then integration was performed to ensure consistency across the sector and with the other sectors. Information gathered and data collected are used to develop solution-specific models that evaluate the potential financial and emission-reduction impacts of each solution when adopted globally from 2020-2050. Models compare a Reference Scenario, that assumes current adoption remains at a constant percent of the current total land area, with high adoption scenarios assuming a reasonably vigorous global adoption path. In doing so, the results reflect the full impact of the solution, i.e. the total 30-year impact of adoption when scaled beyond the solution’s current status.
Supply-side Food Sector models define the Total Land Area as the area of land (in hectares) suitable for adoption by solutions. Data on global land is acquired from Global Agro-Ecological Zones database, developed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA). The Drawdown Land-Use Model categorizes and allocates land according to agro-ecological zones based on the following factors: thermal climate, moisture regimes, soil quality, slope, cover type, and degradation status. These characteristics influence the suitability of different practices, and solution adoption scenarios are restricted by one or more of these factors.
Demand-side solutions utilized other model structures. Composting uses the Drawdown Reduction and Replacement Solutions (RRS) Model to evaluate the global organic municipal solid waste stream; clean cookstoves uses the RRS model to evaluate terawatt hours (therms) of heating energy for cooking. Reduced food waste and plant-rich diet use fully customized models due to the inherent complexity in measuring food demand. These models use over 450,000 data points relating to country-specific consumption patterns of different commodities (see reduced food waste and plant-rich diet for more details).
Three general Project Drawdown scenario were developed for the Food Sector:
Each solution model uses unique adoption trajectories evaluated based on meta-analyses of existing prognostications of solutions, extrapolations from historical data, or scenario analyses depending on the availability of global and regional data.
Agricultural Production Clusters
Drawdown’s approach seeks to model integration between and within sectors, and avoid double counting. Several tools were developed to assist in this effort. The Agroecological Zone (AEZ) model categorizes the world’s land by: current cover (e.g. forest, grassland, cropland), thermal climate, moisture regime, soil quality, slope, and state of degradation. Both Food (supply-side) and Land Use solutions were assigned to AEZs based on suitability. Once current solution adoption was allocated for each zone (e.g. semi-arid cropland of minimal slopes), zone priorities were generated and available land was allocated for new adoption. Priorities were determined based on an evaluation of suitability, consideration of social and ecological co-benefits, mitigation impact, yield impact, etc. For example, Indigenous peoples’ land management is given a higher priority than forest protection for AEZs with forest cover, in recognition of indigenous peoples’ rights and livelihoods. Multistrata agroforestry is highly prioritized in tropical humid climates due to its high sequestration rate, food production, and highly limited climate constraints.
Each unit of land was allocated to a separate solution to avoid overlap between practices. The exception to this are farmland irrigation, nutrient management, and women smallholders, which can be implemented in addition to other practices. The constraint of limited available land meant that many solutions could not reach their technical adoption potential. The AEZ model thus prevents double-counting for adoption of agricultural and land use solutions.
Food Demand Cluster
Total food demand is calculated based on global population (from the family planning and educating girls solutions from the Women and Girls Sector) and dietary trends (from the plant-rich diet and reduced food waste solutions from within the Food Sector). The adoption of plant-rich diet intersects with reduced food waste by restricting the total potential food wasted. Both plant-rich diet and reduced food waste are adopted at 50 percent, 75 percent, and 100 percent in the Plausible, Drawdown, and Optimum Scenarios, respectively. Reduced food waste restricts available organic waste feedstocks, impacting composting, waste-to-energy, large-scale methane digesters and landfill methane capture in the Energy Sector.
Drawdown’s yield model calculates total annual global supply of crops and livestock products based on their area of adoption in each of the three scenarios, and global yield impacts of each solution (including both gains due to increased productivity per hectare and losses due to reduction of productive area due to adoption of non-agricultural solutions, e.g., loss of grazing area due to afforestation of grasslands). Grain surpluses in the yield model were also used to set a ceiling for the amount of crops available for use as feedstock for the bioplastic Materials solution.
The yield model matches demand and supply as an integrated system. Both Reference Scenarios showed a food deficit in the high and medium population scenarios (see family planning and educating girls solutions). This would require the clearing of forest and grassland for food production, with associated emissions from land conversion.
All three Drawdown scenarios show agricultural production sufficient to meet food demand and provide a surplus that can be used in bio-based industry, for example as feedstock for bioplastic production. Due to this surplus, no land clearing is necessary, resulting in impressive emissions reduction from avoided deforestation. Because population change (resulting from educating girls and family planning), plant-rich diet, and reduced food waste are the principal drivers of this effect, Drawdown allocates the resulting reduction in emissions from land clearing to these solutions. However, as the impacts of population on yield and food demand are highly complex, we do not include avoided land conversion emissions associated with population change in the final emissions calculations for those solutions.
Biosequestration does not have limitless potential. In most cases, there is a maximum amount of carbon that can be stored in soils and aboveground perennial biomass before they become saturated. Biosequestration continues after saturation but is offset by more or less equal emissions. In most cases soils, and biomass can return to their approximate pre-agricultural or pre-degradation levels of carbon. This takes anywhere between 10-50 years in agricultural cases, and sometimes somewhat longer in the case of ecosystems like forests. Data about saturation time is very limited.
The Drawdown land model takes the conservative approach that all land units currently adopted for agricultural solutions like conservation agriculture or silvopasture have already achieved saturation, and will not be contributing additional sequestration. New adopted land is assumed to sequester for at least 30 years before achieving saturation.
Note that there are some important exceptions to saturation. Certain ecosystems continue to sequester soil carbon for centuries, notably peatlands and coastal wetlands. Some scientists argue that tropical forests can continue to sequester carbon at a slower rate after saturation. The addition of biochar to saturated soils may be able to overcome this constraint, as does the use of biomass from bamboo or afforestation in long-term products like buildings.
In Drawdown’s Plausible Scenario, Food Sector solutions are responsible for 30.6 percent of total emissions mitigation impact. In the Drawdown and Optimum Scenarios, they contribute 29.3 percent and 31.7 percent, respectively.
© 2017 Project Drawdown
Food Sector solutions include supply-side solutions (i.e. agricultural production) and demand-side solutions (i.e. diet, cooking, and waste). Demand-side solutions account for 48.0 percent, 44.7 percent, and 40.7 percent of Food Sector emissions reductions in the Plausible, Drawdown, and Optimum Scenarios, respectively.
© 2017 Project Drawdown
|Total Atmospheric Greenhouse Gas Reduction (in Gigatons)|
|Plausible Scenario||Drawdown Scenario||Optimum Scenario|
|Improved rice cultivation||11.34||16.82||20.16|
|Reduced food waste||70.53||83.02||93.72|
|System of Rice Intensification||3.14||4.99||5.89|
|Tropical staple trees||20.19||31.81||47.15|
© 2017 Project Drawdown
Per-hectare impacts were calculated using meta-analysis. Tables 2 and 3 show the ranges, which were determined based on one standard deviation above and below the mean of all data collected. Sequestration types include soil organic carbon (SOC), aboveground biomass (AGB), or both. Emissions reduction includes carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O).
|Food Sector Solution||Data Range||Model Input||Sequestration Type|
|Low||High||SOC or AGB|
|Conservation agriculture – tropical humid||0.25||1.18||0.71||SOC|
|Conservation agriculture – temperate/boreal humid||0.08||0.62||0.35||SOC|
|Conservation agriculture – tropical semi-arid||-0.20||1.42||0.61||SOC|
|Conservation agriculture – temperate/boreal semi-arid||0.10||0.38||0.25||SOC|
|Improved rice cultivation||-0.21||3.12||1.45||SOC|
|Regenerative agriculture – tropical humid||0.25||1.18||1.18||SOC|
|Regenerative agriculture – temperate/boreal humid||0.08||0.62||0.62||SOC|
|Regenerative agriculture – tropical semi-arid||-0.20||1.42||1.42||SOC|
|Regenerative agriculture – temperate/boreal semi-arid||0.10||0.38||0.38||SOC|
|System of Rice Intensification||0.35||0.40||0.37||SOC|
|Tree intercropping – protective systems||-0.30||2.11||0.90||both|
|Tree intercropping – temperate||0.27||2.43||1.35||both|
|Tree intercropping – tropical||0.30||5.05||2.67||both|
|Tropical staple trees||2.30||7.20||4.75||both|
© 2017 Project Drawdown
|Food Sector Solution||Data Range||Model Input||Greenhouse Gas Type|
|Low||High||CO2, CH4, or N2O|
|Improved rice cultivation||-6.92||17.35||5.22||all|
|Nutrient management||0.01||1.08||0.14||CO2 and N2O|
|System of Rice Intensification||0.73||9.98||5.36||all|
© 2017 Project Drawdown
Taken as a whole, the food sector offers considerable financial savings. Some solutions have no net cost as they require no new inputs or equipment. Instead, they involve a different system for managing the same farm or ranch elements.
|Net Cost||Net Savings|
|Improved rice production||$0||$519.10|
|Reduced food waste||N/A||N/A|
|System of Rice Intensification||$0||$677.80|
|Tropical staple trees||$120.10||$627.00|
© 2017 Project Drawdown
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) publication Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change, Table 11.4, reports the impact of diet change and food waste reduction at 1.3-13.3 gigatons of carbon dioxide-equivalent emissions reductions by 2050. Drawdown’s combined plant-rich diet and reduced food waste solutions mitigate 3.5, 5.0, and 6.5 gigatons per year by 2050 for the Plausible, Drawdown, and Optimum Scenarios, respectively. This is right in the center of the IPCC’s range.
A recent study in Nature by Paustian, et al estimates agricultural biosequestration at up to 8 gigatons of emissions per year. Drawdown’s model calculates 7.3 gigatons per year for agricultural biosequestration in the Plausible Scenario by 2050, in line with Paustian, et al. Annual mitigation impacts are 10.0 and 12.2 gigatons per year in the Drawdown and Optimum Scenarios, respectively. Drawdown’s results are higher in these aggressive scenarios as a result of our emphasis on high-carbon solutions like tree intercropping, silvopasture, multistrata agroforestry, and tropical staple trees (not central to Paustian’s approach). This is somewhat offset by our greatly reduced adoption of afforestation in the Land Use Sector, compared to the IPCC and others.
The food sector is of critical importance to achieving drawdown. Demand-side solutions avoid emissions from land clearing for agriculture and provide additional emissions reductions as well. Supply-side solutions sequester substantial carbon and reduce emissions from agriculture. Particularly good news – few of these solutions were developed for climate mitigation. Instead, most were created to increase agricultural productivity and resilience while improving ecosystem services from farms and ranches. Mitigating climate change through the food system thus results in multiple co-benefits, from healthier diets to increased water-holding capacity on farmland. Drawdown’s emphasis on high-carbon strategies including agroforestry and perennial crops places these strategies in the limelight where they belong.
Many farmers and land managers implement more than one of these solutions on the same land (e.g., conservation agriculture with tree intercropping). Insufficient data is available to permit modeling of the impacts of adopting more than one solution per site, so Drawdown allocated only one biosequestration solution per given land unit. However, the Research Team determined that emissions reduction strategies could be applied to the same land as biosequestration solutions, so that nutrient management, for example, can be on the same land as regenerative agriculture. It would be desirable to model the impacts of adoption of multiple sequestration solutions on the same land units in the future. Albedo impacts are not modeled but would be useful to include in future upgrades.
How can you be sure that you didn’t double-count by allocating more than one solution to the same land? How did you divide up the world's land to these various solutions?
Our Agro-Ecological Zone Model divides the world's land by climate, soil fertility, degradation status, and slope. We first allocated the current adoption of all agricultural and land management solutions. Then we developed a list of priorities for each land type, and allocated solutions to land units using those priorities. Many solutions were unable to reach their theoretical adoption potential due to the limited space available. Thus, we avoided double-counting and generated a more realistic scenario than a single-solution approach might offer.
Many farms practice more than one of these solutions on the same land. Does this provide additional carbon benefits? Do you model that kind of multiple practices here?
We found little data showing the climate impacts of practicing multiple solutions on the same land (e.g., conservation agriculture with tree intercropping). We do know that many farmers do this, and imagine that it could show a higher impact. However, we opted to be conservative and limit most land to one solution for any given hectare. The exceptions were a few emissions-reduction solutions, notably women smallholders, biochar, and farmland irrigation.
I don't see my favorite solution. Is there a list of other solutions that you considered, and why they did not make the cut? Is there a place to propose additional solutions?
Did you model the future impacts of climate change on land solutions?
We did not model the impacts of climate change on agriculture or ecosystems. While, in terms of impacts on agriculture, there will clearly be winners (mostly at high latitudes) and losers (particularly in the tropics), it is very challenging to model these impacts. Thus, our solutions model a "business as usual" climate.
How close does the scenario in the book come to the technical maximum for sequestration?
Rattan Lal reports the maximum global technical potential for sequestration in soils and biomass at 320 gigatons of carbon, or 1,174 gigatons of carbon dioxide. This maximum could only be reached if all ecosystems were somehow restored to their pre-anthropogenic state, with no houses, farms, or parking lots remaining. Drawdown's Plausible Scenario 84.4 gigatons of carbon, or 309.6 gigatons of carbon dioxide. So, while it is an impressive impact, the scenario represents only 26.5 percent of the theoretical maximum. Even our Optimum Scenario attains only about 42 percent of the theoretical maximum.
What about intensification through increased use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and GMO crops? Isn’t this the most responsible approach to avoided deforestation?
Intensification is a critical component of agricultural mitigation, along with emissions reduction, biosequestration, and climate change adaptation. The aim is to increase yields on existing farmland, to avoid the need for clearing additional forest or grassland for agriculture. “Green revolution” techniques like the spread of hybrid seeds and chemical fertilizers do indeed increase yields over the business-as-usual practices in many regions. Our conservation agriculture solution is an example of this form of intensification. Others have critiqued this form of intensification as just more environmentally unsustainable agriculture. We also model several agro-ecological intensification solutions that increase yields with fewer negative impacts, including farmland irrigation, managed grazing, silvopasture, regenerative agriculture, and System of Rice Intensification. Lastly, we look at intensification through resource parity for women farmers in our women smallholders solution.
Can your agricultural strategies feed the world of 2050 without additional deforestation to clear land for agriculture?
Our yield model shows that our farming strategies can provide the world's food needs in 2050 with additional deforestation, but only if other solutions like plant-rich diet, food waste reduction, educating girls, and family planning are also implemented.
What about local agriculture to reduce food miles?
Local agriculture does not necessarily have lower climate impacts from transportation. This is because of the great efficiency of large-scale shipping, and the poor efficiency of smaller trucks and individual cars driving to the farm to pick up food. One recent study found that only farmers within 25 miles of the customer were more carbon-efficient. Food hubs, delivery, and in-city distribution can all help make local agriculture more climate-friendly. Likewise, long-distance transportation can also be made more efficient; see the solutions in our Transport Sector.
Isn’t carbon in biomass like trees highly vulnerable to being lost though fire, deforestation, etc.? Isn’t soil a more secure storage?
According to the IPCC, both soil and biomass (like the wood of trees) are temporary and reversible though natural disaster and/or changes in management. Trees can be cut down or burned, while soils can be returned to tillage or badly-managed grazing. Drawdown advocates aggressive sequestration in both soils and perennial biomass.
We would like to stay in touch with you. Please sign up for updates to discover ways you can participate in the work of Drawdown. | <urn:uuid:206af6ce-ce06-4d48-9bbd-6a4936ac0241> | CC-MAIN-2018-09 | http://www.drawdown.org/solutions/food | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-09/segments/1518891813322.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20180221024420-20180221044420-00126.warc.gz | en | 0.887728 | 4,280 | 3.625 | 4 |
(Phys.org)—A team of researchers at Zhejiang University in China has created a small, soft-bodied robot able to swim twice as fast as others of its kind. In their paper published in the journal Science Advances, the team describes how they came up with a unique way to power the robot, how well it works, and likely applications for it.
Scientists have concluded over the past few years that the best way to propel a robot underwater is to emulate nature—that means soft bodies, fins and soft parts. To make such robots, engineers have used bendy materials for the body but have found it difficult to create a power source that is bendable as well. In this new effort, the researchers got around that problem by eliminating the need for a motor and using the water in which the artificial fish swims as the ground electrode.
The team made the body out of soft silicone with a pocket for a battery, a small amount of electronics for wireless control and an electrode that runs into the fins. Components are made of a type of hydrogel that reacts to a small electrical current—turning a charge from the battery on and off causes the hydrogel to contract and ease like muscles, which results in flapping, pushing the robot through the water. They also added a tail that is moved using an electromagnet. The result is a 9.3 centimeter robot that looks similar to a manta-ray—one that can swim three centimeters per second for approximately three hours on a single charge, which is twice as fast as any other robot of its kind. It can also operate via tether for unlimited power and faster swimming, handle hot and cold water, and is strong enough to carry a small video camera.
The researchers suggest future generations of their robot could be used as water monitors in lakes, streams or the ocean. It could also be used to look for survivors of plane crashes or boat accidents or by the military as a spy drone—the entire robot can be made transparent except for the battery, receiver and electrode.
More information: Tiefeng Li et al. Fast-moving soft electronic fish, Science Advances (2017). DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1602045
Soft robots driven by stimuli-responsive materials have unique advantages over conventional rigid robots, especially in their high adaptability for field exploration and seamless interaction with humans. The grand challenge lies in achieving self-powered soft robots with high mobility, environmental tolerance, and long endurance. We are able to advance a soft electronic fish with a fully integrated onboard system for power and remote control. Without any motor, the fish is driven solely by a soft electroactive structure made of dielectric elastomer and ionically conductive hydrogel. The electronic fish can swim at a speed of 6.4 cm/s (0.69 body length per second), which is much faster than previously reported untethered soft robotic fish driven by soft responsive materials. The fish shows consistent performance in a wide temperature range and permits stealth sailing due to its nearly transparent nature. Furthermore, the fish is robust, as it uses the surrounding water as the electric ground and can operate for 3 hours with one single charge. The design principle can be potentially extended to a variety of flexible devices and soft robots.
Journal information: Science Advances
© 2017 Tech Xplore | <urn:uuid:f5183a40-e50c-41e8-9f42-936a319af5b8> | CC-MAIN-2022-27 | https://techxplore.com/news/2017-04-flexible-faster-manta-ray-robot.html?deviceType=mobile | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656103850139.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20220630153307-20220630183307-00414.warc.gz | en | 0.95836 | 686 | 3.796875 | 4 |
ESSENTIALS OF DIAGNOSIS
Classic biliary pain (“episodic gallbladder pain”) characterized by infrequent episodes of steady severe pain in epigastrium or right upper quadrant with radiation to right scapula.
Gallstones detected on ultrasonography.
Gallstones are more common in women than in men and increase in incidence in both sexes and all races with age. In the United States, the prevalence of gallstones is 8.6% in women and 5.5% in men. The highest rates are in persons over age 60, and rates are higher in Mexican Americans than in non-Hispanic Whites and Blacks. Although cholesterol gallstones are less common in Black people, cholelithiasis attributable to hemolysis occurs in over a third of individuals with sickle cell disease. Native Americans of both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres have a high rate of cholesterol cholelithiasis, probably because of a predisposition resulting from “thrifty” (LITH) genes that promote efficient calorie utilization and fat storage. As many as 75% of Pima and other American Indian women over 25 years of age have cholelithiasis. Other genetic mutations that predispose persons to gallstones have been identified. Obesity is a risk factor for gallstones, especially in women. Rapid weight loss, as occurs after bariatric surgery, also increases the risk of symptomatic gallstone formation. Diabetes mellitus, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance are risk factors for gallstones, and a high intake of carbohydrate and high dietary glycemic load increase the risk of cholecystectomy in women. Hypertriglyceridemia may promote gallstone formation by impairing gallbladder motility. The prevalence of gallbladder disease is increased in men (but not women) with cirrhosis and hepatitis C virus infection. Moreover, cholecystectomy has been reported to be associated with an increased risk of NAFLD and cirrhosis, possibly because gallstones and liver disease share risk factors. Gallstone disease is associated with increased overall, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality.
The incidence of gallstones is high in individuals with Crohn disease; approximately one-third of those with inflammatory involvement of the terminal ileum have gallstones due to disruption of bile salt resorption that results in decreased solubility of the bile. Drugs such as clofibrate, octreotide, and ceftriaxone can cause gallstones. Prolonged fasting (over 5–10 days) can lead to formation of biliary “sludge” (microlithiasis), which usually resolves with refeeding but can lead to gallstones or biliary symptoms. Pregnancy, particularly in obese women and those with insulin resistance, is associated with an increased risk of gallstones and of symptomatic gallbladder disease. Hormone replacement therapy appears to increase the risk of gallbladder disease and need for cholecystectomy; the risk is lower with transdermal than oral therapy. Gallstones detected by population screening have been reported to be associated with an increased risk of right-sided colon cancers. A low-carbohydrate diet and a Mediterranean diet as well as physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness may help prevent gallstones. Consumption of caffeinated coffee appears to protect against gallstones in women, and a high intake of magnesium and of polyunsaturated and monounsaturated ... | <urn:uuid:844130a1-a4fd-4034-b313-b9a140d8911c> | CC-MAIN-2021-43 | https://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=3081§ionid=258966109 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323585270.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20211019140046-20211019170046-00264.warc.gz | en | 0.945633 | 713 | 3.109375 | 3 |
Eye-tracking research provides insight into long-term advertising
Just recently the Australian marketing professor Karen Nelson-Field has published a second eye-tracking study into the effects of video advertising around TV content (TV and online), Facebook and YouTube. This new research, called Decay, shows that the effect of video advertising on the consumer’s purchase decisions continues for up to a month after he has seen a video advertisement. The effect between advertising around TV content and advertising on YouTube and Facebook is very different.
The objective of this research is to help in the best possible use of video advertising. Professor Nelson-Field observes in her research that advertisements placed between TV content on TV or online have a much longer influence on purchase decisions than advertisements on Facebook or YouTube. This is independent of what type of screen they are viewed on. It appears that the recollection of TV advertising is so strong that the effect on sales after 28 days is even greater than the effect of the video ads on Facebook and YouTube during their peak, immediately after being seen on these platforms. According to the research, this is due to the superior visibility of TV commercials.
To exclude human influence on the data collection during the Benchmark Series research program, artificial intelligence (AI) machine learning technology and eye-tracking software are used.
Short-term versus long-term sales effects
This research examines how long the exposure to the video advertising has an impact on the purchase decisions (sales) for the three main video platforms: Facebook, YouTube and TV, depending on the screen that is being watched.
Initially, the short-term sales effects were investigated by asking more than 2,500 respondents to choose products in an online supermarket, immediately after they had been exposed to several ads. In this follow-up study, the same respondents were asked again to visit the same online supermarket and choose products after 14 days and after 28 days after exposure to the advertisements.
According to this, the short and long-term effects of video advertisements differ significantly per platform and screen:
- With the repeat measurements, TV and video on demand (VOD) have the strongest impact on sales compared to Facebook and YouTube, regardless of which screen was viewed.
- Ads that are viewed within TV content have a greater impact on sales immediately after exposure than ads on Facebook and YouTube, via any screen.
- The ads on Facebook and YouTube are quickly forgotten and the effect on sales takes a little more than 6 days while the effect of TV advertising lasts 10 times as long.
The effects of TV advertising are more sustainable
As an explanation of the research results, Professor Nelson-Field comments: “The new results show that some platforms are better in delivering the crucial element of media effectiveness: The ability to anchor something in the memory. TV advertising not only delivers a larger sales effect in the short term, that sales effect is also more sustainable because the TV commercial stays in the memory for a longer period. TV advertising continues to hold this impact because of the visibility (viewability). The main reason why TV advertising attracts so much attention and impact is that TV advertising uses the entire screen and because of a large number of pixels. As TV ads fill the entire screen, they are 100% visible and do not suffer from ‘below the fold’ scrolling. So, TV wins on two fronts, the impact is immediately bigger from the start and it decreases less”.
All Response Media viewpoint
This research clearly shows that TV is not only the best video platform in terms of short-term sales effect but also in terms of a long-term effect, since the creative content is better remembered. And long-term effects are important for brand growth. All advertising is eventually forgotten, but TV commercials are the most striking and less likely to be forgotten. As a result, they have more impact, a greater impact on sales and a better campaign reminder. So, if you want your advertising to have an impact on your target group for a longer period, VOD works best on the smartphone. And for the long term, TV content on a TV screen is the best way to influence consumer behaviour.
For more information on the TV services we offer click here. | <urn:uuid:f828b61a-73b7-4aab-97f4-394267bbff35> | CC-MAIN-2019-39 | https://www.allresponsemedia.com/eye-tracking-research/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-39/segments/1568514573570.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20190919183843-20190919205843-00557.warc.gz | en | 0.956019 | 847 | 2.515625 | 3 |
The Greenland National Park is the largest national park in the world encompassing an area of 375, 000 square miles of the northeastern part of Greenland. The park includes part of the inland icecap and part of the surrounding ocean.
As opposed to the American national parks, the Greenland National park was set up as biosphere reserve, rather than for the enjoyment of the people. Hence, in the past it was difficult to secure a permit to enter the park without having a specific research project in mind. Today the rules are a little more lenient, but still the permit process is complicated and time consuming.
No one lives in the park on a permanent basis. The Danish army patrols the coastline of the Greenland National Park with dog sleds. The patrol unit is called the Sled Patrol Sirius, named after the Sirius star. 6 teams of 2 men each, skis with their dog sleds along different areas of the coastline. Each man serve two years in Greenland and uses his second year to teach a new recruit.
The Sirius Patrol’s headquarters, called Danneborg, is located in the southern part of the National Park. A few hundred miles north of Danneborg is a weather station called Danmarkshavn. It is manned by 7 men.
Still farther north on the coast is a military installation called Station Nord that is maintained from year to year by 3 to 5 men. Station Nord was a refueling station for American planes during the Cold War. Now it is basically an eyesore and a sad reminder of the incredible damage that vehicles can do to the fragile arctic ecology.
During the summer the park receives a larger number of visitors. Most of them are scientists carrying out various research projects. A few climbing and trekking expeditions may also visit the park. Most of these expeditions concentrate in the southern end of the park. | <urn:uuid:7aeb6186-5080-4d73-8c3f-1175dd8a7718> | CC-MAIN-2017-17 | http://www.arcticthule.com/history/national-park | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917122629.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031202-00375-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.964312 | 377 | 3.1875 | 3 |
Lee, a 25-year-old student living outside of the South Korean capital Seoul, is part of the feminist group Haeil, which means “tsunami” in Korean. Like Lee, another members of Haeil have joined the boycott of Squid Game in hopes that it is going to send a message to writer-director Dong-hyuk Hwang that women korean women deserve better. For now, crucial conversations have taken place on feminist forums as the boycotters say they averted posting on wider platforms for worry of harassment in a rustic where feminists routinely face online vitriol.
The influence of Korean women on the country’s life began to extend at a tremendous fee. Along with the emergence of prominent female politicians, public figures, and enterprise leaders, the Korean economy began to flourish. Many strong Korean women defended their nation and gave their lives for his or her homeland. Spycam recording is an invasion of privacy involving a disregard for human rights, and it could have a significant influence on its victims.
The Features Of Korean Girls
To revitalize feminism, which has been fading since the 2000s, it is time to seek more important and sensible consciousness of girls’s reality. The Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination towards Women states that discrimination towards women is about equality of rights and human dignity. The political and social rules of the state violate the principle of respect for sex and are equal to that of males. Pointing out that it’s an impediment to participation in the financial, cultural lifetime of the country. For the sake of development and human welfare and peace, girls are equal to males in all areas.
As of December 2000, the proportion of feminine civil servants was solely zero.9 p.c among the highest ranks , while on the fourth rank it was 1.6 % , and at the fifth rank it was 3.2 percent . Kim Dae-jung’s imaginative and prescient of creating a gender-equal society elevated women’s participation in society and improved women’s welfare within the first few years of his administration. [newline]However, the historical and cultural affect of Confucianism, authorized bias in laws, and excessive financial progress of South Korea dampened his objectives for ladies empowerment. Therefore, in 1997, democratic consolidation in South Korea was further strengthened when women participation in election grew to become evident as women accounted for half of the voters. It was an unprecedented election that showed women’s consciousness change as women’s energetic political participation gave a big opportunity to establish their social significance in society. The inauguration on February 25, 2013 of the first girl president of South Korea, Park Geun-hye was a turning level within the function of girls in South Korean politics.
The Idiot’s Guide To Korean Girls Explained
You are advised to call your supervisor if something unhealthy happens however they don’t pick up. The work is fulfilling and the shoppers are nice however it’s hard to handle life with an ever-changing schedule. My supervisors are quick to get again to me if I really have a query or want a change. I’ve realized that even on days the place clients may have struggles and it is more tense that I have an incredible assist system in my management team and might ask for help once I want it. I love the pliability as a father or mother and that they’re quick to accommodate for my appointments and work with me. Miller, who lived in the North Korean capital between 2017 and 2019, advised RFA she regularly interacted with female officers of the North Korean Labor Party and with single women from privileged households.
Last 12 months, the country recorded more deaths than births for the first time, and its birthrate fell to 0.84 per girl, the bottom on the earth. Still, as of final yr, the proportion of ladies in South Korea who’re economically active has stagnated at around 50 percent — about 20 points decrease than men. She stated girls’s perceptions of marriage and motherhood started to shift away from conventional duties in the late Eighties and the Nineties — notably after South Korea’s monetary crisis in 1997 and 1998. The steerage based mostly on outdated gender stereotypes was later deleted, however the controversy has re-energized the debate in South Korea round how girls are seen in society. Asia Society takes no institutional position on coverage points and has no affiliation with any authorities. An essay about Korean ladies’s role in society and its speedy change in the last century.
Most Korean girls expect a person to pay the restaurant bill and different entertainment on a minimum of a quantity of first dates. As long as two folks get to know one another better, they could pay in flip or come up with one other handy choice for each of them.
The CEO was so money-driven the shoppers don’t get the correct care that they deserve. As a supervisor, you are required to take care of a minimal quantity of served hours to hold up your job.
In the political historical past of South Korea, ladies elected within the parliament constitute a very small share of representation. From 1948 to 2004 the typical percentage of ladies in the South Korean National Assembly averaged 2.9 percent. Except within the years 1973, 2000, and 2004, women were noticeably elected to less than 5 percent of the National Assembly seats. South Korea has the best gender wage gap among the rich international locations.
If there were no faculties or obstetrics and gynecology clinics in the sampling space, they were changed by the closest one. We randomly sampled 3000 ladies in every stage of the life cycle for a reliable and representative research design. For random sampling, a multi-level, stratified, probability-proportional statistics extraction method was used as a sampling framework using the 2010 Population and Housing Census. In order to generalize the survey results, the themes had been selected by random sampling for sixteen cities and provinces .
In order to reduce errors in the coding course of, skilled coding employees members have been selected, and preliminary schooling on the coding pointers was carried out. Punching error was minimized by operating a double punching system in which two folks simultaneously punched the same questionnaire for all items. Male dominated, authoritarian, under-the-table politics have so far saved girls out of politics. Under democracy, the sort of politics that relies heavily on the informal, private, favor-exchanging and unique networking politics will disappear, eventually widening the scope of women’s political participation. As a lot about empowerment as handball, the movie brought the story a bunch of girls deemed too old to achieve something at the Olympics to a nationwide stage and and took handball slightly closer to the hearts of the Korean folks.
The absolute majority of Korean ladies would take it as a sign you’re not interested in dating them. Lots of them don’t speak English, plenty of them are not thinking about dating a overseas man, plenty of them have a boyfriend/husband, and lots of them discover it creepy when a stranger tries to satisfy them on the streets. 100 days, 200 days, 300, 500 — all these marks are essential for Korean ladies. You don’t need to purchase an expensive present, after all, however you have to show that it’s important for you, too. Looking engaging on a date is extremely essential in relation to relationship Korean ladies — in any case, that’s how you make an excellent first impression. It appears stupid, but among the reasons why South Korean girls love foreigners is themselves to death because they’re sick and bored with relationship men who drink and smoke.
7 Methods to Guard Against Korean Woman
Also relying on the productivity of your supervisor, you’re given either ample amount of hours to be labored, or not sufficient. Beside working for them as a caregiver, they do enable advancement in the company. On a optimistic observe I would like to conclude by saying if you really get pleasure from caring for and spending time with the elderly it’s good firm to work for. Kim Seo-yeong and Lee Su-jin left North Korea to make a harmful three,700-mile-trek to freedom not solely to escape a tyrannical government and a dire economic system. They also needed to flee a relentlessly patriarchal society that may have tied their destinies to the lads of their lives.
In particular, Familism, which has been emphasised through the industrialization course of, has continued to be family-centered and patriarchal, emphasizing the security of the entire family quite than the person. This Familism consequently infringed on women’s unique rights by defining girls as secondary to their household composition. In South Korea’s history, which has disparaged women’s rights, gender inequality has been strengthened, reproduced through the family’s life culture. For instance, the traditional marriage and kinship system, which used girls as objects of paternalism, has excluded women from ancestor worship, inheritance, and possession. However, the current debate over the abolition of the household headship system in South Korea has emerged as an essential social issue. So, girls’s makes an attempt to respect their rights and decisions as people are spreading beyond their households to social areas. | <urn:uuid:ce59e719-3ce4-4e84-8f30-7421a09d7f83> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://lnfc.med.ly/hidden-solutions-to-korean-woman-unveiled/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506420.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922134342-20230922164342-00174.warc.gz | en | 0.962231 | 1,913 | 2.578125 | 3 |
February 1, 1998
By Barry Schiff
Accidents resulting from inadvertent stalls and spins continue to claim a tragic number of victims each year. This occurs despite improved stall-awareness training. We know what causes stalls and how to recover from them. So why do stalls continue to get the upper hand?
Pilots know that stall recovery demands lowering the nose, and most of us do this with ease when practicing. Such stalls, however, are performed at altitudes so high that the altitude loss resulting from a stall cannot be sensed visually. Recovery is merely an academic exercise.
A stall at low altitude obviously should not be practiced. Therefore, we are unable to develop an appreciation of what it is like to stall so close to the ground and to experience the sight of the terrain rushing up to meet us. Such an unexpected threat causes us to react by abandoning our lessons and reverting to a fatal instinct. Instead of releasing back-pressure on the control wheel, we worsen the situation by increasing back-pressure in a futile attempt to arrest the descent.
Intellectually, we know how to recover from a stall at low altitude. Each of us can accurately describe the procedure. But can we execute the recovery with equal aplomb? Probably not. I am convinced that the single most difficult task in aviation is exercising the will needed to lower the nose at a time when altitude is in critically short supply and its loss is visually threatening. Such a recovery requires extraordinary discipline, which is why an inadvertent, low-altitude stall usually results in a cloud of dust, bent metal, and spent lives.
There are a few misconceptions that contribute to the development of this fatal instinct. One is the manner in which we learn and refer to elevator usage. From the first lesson, a student pilot is instructed to use the control wheel to raise the nose or lower it. He or she is told to pull the nose up and push it down. Such terminology instills and intensifies the belief that the elevators are always used to make an airplane to go up and down. Although this is a somewhat accurate perception during normal flight, it obviously is inapplicable to stall-recovery procedures. This may be why a pilot reverts to pulling back on the control wheel during a stall with the nose pointed earthward. He tries to do what he has been taught since lesson one. He pulls aft on the control wheel to make the airplane climb.
There are other times when pulling the control wheel does not raise the nose. Hauling back on the wheel during a very steep turn does little more than increase turn rate, and doing the same during inverted flight pulls the nose down.
Perhaps we should discontinue referring to the control wheel as a nose-up, nose-down control. Perhaps it is time to heed the advice of Wolfgang Lange-wiesche, author of the classic book Stick and Rudder. He wrote 54 years ago that the elevators should be regarded as an angle-of-attack control. A pilot taught in this manner might be less likely to induce a low-altitude stall and more likely to recover from one. He would be less vulnerable to an instinct to pull back on the control wheel at a time when he should do otherwise.
It is natural for instructors to use expressions such as "pull the nose up" and "push the nose down," but they instill reactions that are counterproductive during stall recovery at low altitude.
There is another misuse of terminology that misleads and possibly contributes to mismanaging stall recovery. I refer to the terms high and low angles of attack. Stalls and slow flight, it is said, occur at high angles of attack, while cruise flight occurs at low angles.
Before flying I had never heard angles described as being high or low. I was aware of large and small angles; geometry teaches about right, acute, and obtuse angles. But the notion of high and low angles of attack seems illogical and dangerous. It implies that a stall occurs only as the result of a nose-high attitude.
This misleading reference is reinforced by the unusual nose-high attitudes commonly used to teach and practice stall entry.
Pilots should be trained to understand and believe that stalls can be induced with the aircraft in any attitude (especially when the nose is at or below the horizon). This requires being taught how to enter and recover (with minimum altitude loss) from stalls that occur at relatively nose-low attitudes. As a matter of fact, there may be no need to practice stalls resulting from genuinely nose-high attitudes (which can be alarming to student pilots). We rarely enter such stalls inadvertently. Exaggerated nose-high attitudes are such effective and visual warnings of an impending stall that they almost preclude the possibility of an inadvertent stall.
The inadvertent stall responsible for so many accidents each year is typically entered with the nose relatively low and at an altitude from which the loss of altitude is both apparent and frightening.
An effective way to practice such stalls would be with a visual simulator programmed to allow a student to peripherally and directly perceive the ground rushing upward toward the aircraft (complete with realistic sound effects in the event of a failure to recover). In this way, he can develop the discipline needed to overcome his fatal instinct.
Safety and Education
With Super Bowl XLIX around the corner, AOPA sat down with the commander in charge of national air defense.
Tom Haines talks with NORAD Commander Adm. Bill Gortney about TFRs, fighter intercepts, and general aviation and Navy flying.
A Seattle pilot on a ferry flight from California to Maui deployed his airframe parachute near Hawaii and was videotaped by the Coast Guard.
VOLUNTEER AT AN AOPA FLY-IN NEAR YOU!
SHARE YOUR PASSION. VOLUNTEER AT AN AOPA FLY-IN. CLICK TO LEARN MORE >>>
VOLUNTEER LOCALLY AT AOPA FLY-IN! CLICK TO LEARN MORE >>>
BE A PART OF THE FLY-IN VOLUNTEER CREW! CLICK TO LEARN MORE >>> | <urn:uuid:63264ddc-8b73-4be9-b40b-e76a20ad1b6e> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://www.aopa.org/News-and-Video/All-News/1998/February/1/Proficient-Pilot-(2).aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422115858583.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124161058-00207-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957155 | 1,256 | 2.921875 | 3 |
Frictionless commerce is a method of using data from devices, apps and websites to integrate buying opportunities as simply and seamlessly as possible into consumers’ everyday activities and natural environments. The goal of frictionless commerce, also known as contextual commerce, is for any customer to buy a product or service when and where they wish with as few clicks or other steps as possible.
The theory of frictionless commerce reasons that consumers who do not need to take extra time to think about what they are buying or how they are buying it may be more willing to make a purchase while using an e-commerce website. For example, registration or sign-in to a retail site that requires too many steps creates unwanted friction, potentially causing the buyer to abandon his or her online shopping cart.
Advances in location-based, social and smartphone technologies, mobile payment systems and a decrease in technology costs over time are helping to expand the concept of frictionless commerce. Amazon’s 1-click purchasing on their desktop website offered an early example of a fast and simple transactional process.
Companies that provide frictionless commerce through mobile apps include Uber, Lyft and Starbucks, which have credit card connectivity built into their apps; Square, which has frictionless payment systems; and Apple, which has its own marketplaces. Other types of frictionless commerce include Amazon’s Alexa, Pinterest and Instagram click-to-buy buttons that encourage in-app impulse buying.
Despite advances in frictionless commerce, even essential parts of the online purchasing process like security measures create extra steps, so there continues to be pressure to reduce friction overall. As a result, developers are now looking to new technologies to make the customer experience more frictionless. One example is voice-recognition technologies, such as automatic speech recognition, which works with natural language understanding to enable machines to convert speech to text and process the phrases’ meaning.
Immersive technologies like virtual reality (VR) also hold potential for future contextual commerce applications. Businesses can use VR headsets to give customers a virtual tour of their online store to help customers road-test products. These new technologies aim to make online shopping as frictionless as possible for both impulsive and careful customers. | <urn:uuid:3bc6be49-ee85-4bbf-b151-a1a9b1de8baf> | CC-MAIN-2018-22 | https://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/frictionless-commerce | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-22/segments/1526794864837.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20180522170703-20180522190703-00158.warc.gz | en | 0.948161 | 446 | 2.90625 | 3 |
As your students become more familiar with rubrics for evaluating writing and for preparing report cards, you may want to involve them in the process. Depending on your grade level, you might have them
Again, their participation, no matter how elementary, in the process will make them more active learners who are more conscious of and committed to their learning.
Evaluation of students is a difficult and time-consuming process, but it can be a positive one for both teacher and students. As you fine tune your balanced assessment plan over time, you will find that reporting student progress at term's end will become more manageable because you will already have the necessary information at hand.
Return to Evaluating: Grading and Scoring
Copyright © 1997 Houghton Mifflin Company. All Rights Reserved.
Terms and Conditions of Use. | <urn:uuid:aa338075-a8cb-4d37-b062-17fd2e74c28f> | CC-MAIN-2014-23 | http://www.eduplace.com/rdg/res/process.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-23/segments/1406510260734.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20140728011740-00449-ip-10-146-231-18.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.96152 | 169 | 2.796875 | 3 |
Definition of cyanoacrylate in English:
Any of a class of compounds that are cyanide derivatives of acrylates. They are easily polymerized and are used to make quick-setting adhesives.
- This adhesive is based on cyanoacrylates which spontaneously polymerizes in moist air.
- For opaque hubs, choices range from quick-bonding adhesives such as cyanoacrylates to epoxy systems.
- According to the company, cyanoacrylates are reactive monomer liquids that become polymer films when they react to moisture or certain chemicals.
Definition of cyanoacrylate in:
- British & World English dictionary
What do you find interesting about this word or phrase?
Comments that don't adhere to our Community Guidelines may be moderated or removed. | <urn:uuid:58bc76c5-9bdc-475f-9617-e5fa5357d809> | CC-MAIN-2015-22 | http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/american_english/cyanoacrylate | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-22/segments/1432207932737.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20150521113212-00071-ip-10-180-206-219.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.914092 | 172 | 3.09375 | 3 |
What is Special Needs Learning?
Special needs learning refers to educational programs and resources that are designed to meet the unique needs of students with disabilities. These programs and resources can include things like accommodations, assistive technology, and modified curriculum.
Special needs learning is important because it helps to ensure that students with disabilities are able to fully participate in the learning process and reach their full potential.
The Benefits of Special Needs Learning
There are many benefits to special needs learning for students with disabilities. Some of the main benefits include:
- Improved academic performance: Special needs learning can help students with disabilities to better understand and retain information, leading to improved academic performance.
- Enhanced self-esteem: Special needs learning can also help to foster a sense of accomplishment and self-worth in students with disabilities, leading to enhanced self-esteem.
- Increased engagement and participation: Special needs learning can help to increase engagement and participation in the learning process for students with disabilities, leading to a more positive learning experience.
Organizations Like MINDS That Provide Special Needs Learning
Organizations like MINDS play a crucial role in providing special needs learning to students with disabilities. These organizations often offer a range of resources and support to help students with disabilities succeed in their academic pursuits.
By working with organizations like MINDS, students with disabilities can receive the support and assistance they need to fully participate in the learning process and reach their full potential. This can ultimately lead to improved academic performance, enhanced self-esteem, and increased engagement and participation in the learning process. | <urn:uuid:79c6be3f-b53d-4670-9caf-f93ff97bb36a> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.cbdoilamericano.com/the-importance-of-special-needs-learning-for-students-with-disabilities.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100531.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20231204151108-20231204181108-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.968536 | 310 | 4.4375 | 4 |
NASA / JPL-Caltech / MSSS
One small piece of the Curiosity rover's high-resolution panorama shows the spacecraft's high-gain antenna in the foreground, a blast mark left behind by the rover's sky-crane descent stage at lower right, and the rim of Gale Crater in the far background.
NASA's Curiosity rover is almost fully reprogrammed for its two-year, $2.5 billion science mission on Mars, and mission managers say it should be ready to take its first short drive in about a week.
The final phase of Curiosity's four-day software transition was getting under way today, NASA spokesman Guy Webster said. The software for science operations, known as R10, has already been installed successfully on the rover's primary computer and is currently managing the rover's functions. All that remained was to finish installing the same software on the backup computer.
The software switchover called for removing the thousands of lines of code that were required for managing Curiosity's flight from Earth to Mars, as well as the instructions for the entry, descent and landing sequence known as the "seven minutes of terror." The R10 software package instead provides Curiosity with full use of its autonomous driving system and all the tools on its robotic arm. Curiosity's 4 gigabytes of data storage capacity wasn't enough to hold the entire software suite in its brain simultaneously.
The rover team put science operations on the back burner during the reprogramming.
"After the software transition, we go back to preparing the rover to be fully functional for surface operations," mission manager Art Thompson said today in a news release. "We are looking forward to the first drive in about a week."
The first short drive will be part of a routine to check out the rover's equipment as well as the characteristics of the landing site in Gale Crater.
Over the weekend, the Curiosity team released a partial panorama incorporating 79 high-resolution pictures from the rover's Mastcam imaging system. Each picture in the mosaic measures 1,200 by 1,200 pixels — and the full-resolution panorama, including the black patches of missing data, amounted to more than 120 megapixels.
NASA / JPL-Caltech / MSSS
This strip is a massively scaled-down version of the full high-resolution panorama provided by the Curiosity rover team. The high-gain antenna is visible toward the left side of the strip. A dark dune field can be seen in front of the crater's mountain toward the middle of the image.
Even the limited view strengthened the impression that Gale Crater was reminiscent of California's Mojave Desert. One part of the picture shows a section of the crater wall, north of the landing site, where a network of valleys enters Gale Crater from the outside. NASA's image advisory says this is the first view that scientists have had of a one-time river system from the Martian surface.
One big difference between Gale and Mojave is the presence of a 3-mile-high (5-kilometer-high) mountain in the middle of the Martian crater, known as Mount Sharp or Aeolis Mons. The partial panorama doesn't show the full rise of the mountain to its peak, but even the limited view shows a dark, distant dune field, and then the layered buttes and mesas of the mountain's environs farther beyond.
Eventually, scientists plan to send Curiosity up the mountainside to document billions of years of geological history on Mars. During the odyssey during which the rover will use a laser zapper, a drill, an onboard laboratory and other scientific instruments to determine how hospitable the region was to life in ancient times.
Curiosity's primary mission is due to last an entire Martian year, the equivalent of nearly two Earth years, but scientists hope the nuclear-powered rover will last even longer. The rover team is due to discuss the road ahead during a media teleconference at 1 p.m. ET (10 a.m. PT) Tuesday. Audio of the event will be streamed live online via NASA's website.
More about Mars:
- Obama tells rover team: Let me know if you see Martians
- Search for life to shape future Mars missions
- Mars rover getting reprogrammed for science
- Why the rover has such a dinky camera and computer
- How to build your own Mars rover with Lego blocks
- The Puff on Mars: Photo mystery solved!
- Panorama reveals a colorful Mars
- NBC video: Panorama featured on 'Nightly News'
- Curiosity reveals a Martian Mojave
- Tour the Martian Mojave in 3-D
- Flying saucer spotted over Mars
- First 3-D pictures sent by Curiosity
- Orbital photo spots rover and its trash
- Curiosity sends color snapshot from Mars
- Rover video looks down on Mars during landing
- Mars orbiter spots rover in midair
- NASA's Mohawk Guy marvels at his fame
- Curiosity rover scores touchdown on Mars
- Mars probe provides radiation revelations
Alan Boyle is NBCNews.com's science editor. Connect with the Cosmic Log community by "liking" the log's Facebook page, following @b0yle on Twitter and adding the Cosmic Log page to your Google+ presence. To keep up with Cosmic Log as well as NBC News' other stories about science and space, sign up for the Tech & Science newsletter, delivered to your email in-box every weekday. You can also check out "The Case for Pluto," my book about the controversial dwarf planet and the search for new worlds. | <urn:uuid:b1ff7b9c-33b6-4e32-8786-d8e6f72be7e2> | CC-MAIN-2014-23 | http://cosmiclog.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/08/13/13264829-reprogrammed-mars-rover-getting-ready-to-roll?lite | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-23/segments/1406510273663.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20140728011753-00111-ip-10-146-231-18.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.939615 | 1,148 | 2.703125 | 3 |
Your search returned over 400 essays for "historical jesus"
A history essay sometimes referred to as a thesis essay describes an argument or claim about one or more historical events and supports that claim with evidence, arguments, and references. The text makes it clear to the reader why the argument or claim is as such.
5 Steps to Writing an Historical Essay - UDL Book Builder
Historical Origins of French Cuisine - History Essay 93
This contest is open to students in public, private, and parochial schools, and registered home-study programs. Students in grades five through eight are encouraged to participate. Each year, a selected topic for use during the academic year is announced, and contest instructions are published online and sent to schools by participating DAR chapters. Essays are judged for historical accuracy, adherence to the topic, organization of materials, interest, originality, spelling, grammar, punctuation, and neatness.
Free historical jesus Essays and Papers
The Emmet County Historical Commission is once again holding its annual Historical Essay Contest, which is open to any third- or fourth-grade student in Emmet County, including home-schooled children.
Historical Context of Barn Burning Essay 672 Words | 3 Pages. These types of arrangements were quite common at this time between sharecroppers and their landlords.Historical Perspective Essay Nursing theories guide nursing research, they have been long used and intergraded as part as the nursing profession. The nursing profession, past, present, and future will incorporate research. The way nurses implement nursing care is guided by research. Hospitals implement policies incorporated by nursing theories and research. Many theorists contributed to the practice known as professional nursing. The first professional nurse or noted theorist was Florence Nightingale. She continues to guide research and inspire other theorists. Modern nursing remains to be on the top 10 trusted profession, when it used to be regarded as ignorant and uneducated. Florence Nightingale opened the doors for future researchers and theorists to shape professional nursing. Florence Nightingale, “the mother of modern nursing” after returning from the frontlines of the Crimean war in 1856, improved the mortality rate by attending the environment (George, 2011, chap. 3). Coming from an influential family and highly educated background, Florence Nightingale used her educated knowledge and collected data from the Crimean War. In 1859, Notes on Nursing was published. It was intended to give hints on nursing, but it became a manual for professional nursing. It emphasized the organization of the environment and the patient (George, 2011). Notes on Nursing brought many concepts to nursing, which include ventilation, warming, hand washing, bed cleanliness, lighting, and noise. Her belief was, “It is the will of the nurse to alter the environment in such a way to obey natural laws, thereby providing the environment in which perfection may be achieved (Selanders, 2010, “p.”83). Nightingale did not specifically write in terms of the paradigm of nursing; however, she addressed many of its components (Selanders, 2010). Environment could be altered to improve conditions so that natural laws could allow healing. An environmental model was created to view the manipulations of physical environment as major components of care (George, 2011).Persons are perceived as the patients of nursing (Selanders, 2010). She perceived people as multidimensional, being compared of biological, psychological, social, and spiritual components (Selanders, 2010).Health is viewed as the best ultimate health at any given point in time. One must maximize optimal potential to be in a healthy state (Selanders, 2010). Nursing is the place that the patient is in the best condition for nature to act (Selanders, 2010). | <urn:uuid:35b1da7b-1998-4d06-baa3-ee0080c960ca> | CC-MAIN-2018-47 | http://history.irishacademic.com/a-historical-essay.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-47/segments/1542039742020.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20181114125234-20181114151234-00200.warc.gz | en | 0.953483 | 773 | 2.703125 | 3 |
Image of man in a suit on the beach, Shutterstock
Bring on the four day work week. New research shows that working fewer hours and enjoying more downtime could forestall climate change. The Center for Economic Policy and Research claims that if the developing world eschews the American working model (long hours and very little vacation time) in favor of the European model, which advocates more reasonable work hours and plenty of time for leisure and holidays, the output of greenhouse gas emissions would slow and subsequent temperature rise could be cut in half by 2100.
Image of factory spewing pollution, Shutterstock
“The relationship between [shorter work and lower emissions] is complex and clearly understood, but it is understandable that lowering levels of consumption, holding everything else constant, would reduce greenhouse gas emissions,” US News reports quotes economist David Rosnick, who authored the study.
The premise is that factories and other workplaces consume vast quantities of energy, so by slashing output and work hours, and income, we would release less carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. There is a flaw in the study, according to Rosnick, since it is not predictable how people will spend their leisure time. If they are relaxing at home, then they are using less energy, but if they fly to some distant place for a holiday, then greenhouse gases will still be released.
Rosnick adds that fewer work hours need not spell less efficiency. As technology improves, we may be able to produce the same volume of output in fewer hours while cutting temperature rise by at least 1.3 degrees Celsius.
Via US World News | <urn:uuid:e8289318-d957-4721-92f0-84ee6c110219> | CC-MAIN-2017-13 | http://inhabitat.com/working-less-and-playing-more-could-slow-down-climate-change-new-study-shows/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-13/segments/1490218189214.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20170322212949-00263-ip-10-233-31-227.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.940884 | 319 | 3.421875 | 3 |
- The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) conducted a national study of thrift, consignment and resale ("thrift") shops from May through September 1999 to determine the extent to which thrift stores sell hazardous products.
- The specific products targeted in the study were banned, recalled or did not meet current voluntary safety standards. Throughout this study, these products are referred to as hazardous because they pose a danger of death or serious injury.
- CPSC visited 301 randomly selected thrift stores across the country. Much of the market is held by local and independent stores, which accounted for 72 percent of the sample. The national organizations, including the Salvation Army and Goodwill, made up 28 percent of the sample.
- Overall, 69 percent of the thrift shops visited had at least one product that was hazardous.
- The top three hazardous products CPSC found in thrift stores were drawstrings on children’s outerwear, including jackets and sweatshirts that could lead to entanglement or strangulation; hair dryers without protection against electrocution; and cribs that do not meet current safety standards.
- There are more than 9,000 general thrift stores in the United States that sell the type of products targeted in this study. Based on this survey, CPSC estimates that about two-thirds of these thrift stores sell at least one of the study's targeted hazardous products.
Each year CPSC recalls 250 to 300 potentially hazardous products. CPSC gets recalled products off retail shelves, but CPSC cannot go into consumers’ homes and remove the products. Recalled products can end up being donated or sold in the second-hand goods market, including thrift stores. Because they sell used products, thrift stores are likely to carry older products that do not meet current safety standards or that have been banned.
CPSC conducted this study to gain an overview of the extent to which certain hazardous products that have caused injury to consumers could be found in thrift stores. The CPSC study results serve as a basis for developing guidance and providing safety information to assist customers of thrift stores; consumers who might wish to donate products; and thrift store owners and managers who sell these products.
Many people shop at thrift stores and it is a growing market. CPSC believes that many consumers and thrift store owners and managers may be unaware of recalls, product standards or bans on consumer products offered for sale in the thrift stores. The purpose of this report is to present results of the study, which can be used to assist in preventing the sale and/or purchase in thrift stores of potentially hazardous products which could cause injury or death.
The National Association of Resale and Thrift Shops (NARTS) estimates that there are over 15,000 thrift shops across the country, including specialty product thrift stores. More than 9,000 general thrift stores sell the type of products targeted in this study.
Local and independently owned and operated thrift stores make up 72 percent of the market. National organizations make up the other 28 percent of the market. National organizations include the Salvation Army, Goodwill, St. Vincent De Paul, and Savers.
CPSC visited 217 local and independently owned and operated stores, which accounted for 72 percent of the sample. CPSC visited 84 national organizations, which accounted for 28 percent of the sample.
Description of Study
The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) conducted a national study of thrift, consignment and resale ("thrift") shops to identify potentially dangerous products currently for sale. The product areas targeted in the study were selected hazardous consumer products that pose a danger of death or serious injury.
CPSC field staff visited 301 stores throughout the country from May through September 1999. The participating stores were randomly selected from a national compilation of thrift and consignment shops. The sampling method used in the study allows CPSC to make statistically valid national estimates of the number of thrift stores that carry hazardous products and the number of hazardous products for sale in thrift shops across the U.S.
CPSC's field staff used a prepared checklist to observe the products in the thrift stores. If any hazardous products were found, store personnel were given information about the products and asked to remove and destroy them or contact the manufacturer regarding repair, replacement or refund. Information from the checklists was entered into a database for further analysis. While CPSC was looking for a targeted list of products, it should be noted that other hazardous products are likely being sold in thrift stores.
CPSC found most of the targeted consumer products in one or more of the thrift stores visited. Based on this survey, CPSC estimates that approximately 69 percent of the general thrift stores in the U.S. have at least one of the study's targeted hazardous products.
Results of Study
Results for each product area are discussed next and include death and injury information and the hazard patterns. Unless otherwise stated, the following information refers to national estimates. These estimates are based on data from 301 general thrift stores in the study. For a summary of the findings, refer to the attached chart.
- CLOTHING DRAWSTRINGS: 51% of general thrift stores sell children's upper outerwear, including jackets or sweatshirts, with drawstrings at the waist or neck.
This hidden hazard can lead to death and injury when drawstrings catch on such items as playground equipment, bus doors and cribs.
Since 1985, CPSC has received reports of 22 deaths and 48 non-fatal incidents involving the entanglement of children's clothing drawstrings.
In 1995, CPSC issued guidelines to consumers and manufacturers to help prevent children from strangling or getting entangled in the drawstrings of garments such as jackets and sweatshirts.
As a result of CPSC working cooperatively with industry, manufacturers agreed not to make children’s outerwear, including jackets and sweatshirts with drawstrings at the neck, and now adhere to a voluntary safety standard. Waist drawstrings are now limited to 3 inches in length. Retail stores have agreed not to sell new garments that do not meet the voluntary standards.
- HAIR DRYERS: 20% of general thrift stores sell hair dryers without protection against electrocution.
Older hair dryers pose a risk of electrocution.
In the early 1980s, there was an average of 18 electrocutions each year involving hand-held hair dryers. Most of these deaths occurred when the hair dryer fell or was pulled into a bathtub.
In 1990, the industry adopted a voluntary standard for hair dryers that gives added protection against electrocution. To comply with the voluntary standard, hand-held hair dryers must protect against electrocution if they fall into water with the switch in either the "on" or "off" position.
CPSC recommends that consumers buy hair dryers that comply with the voluntary standard. This protection is provided by a large rectangular-shaped safety plug at the end of the cord.
- CRIBS: 12% of general thrift stores sell cribs that do not meet current federal and voluntary safety standards.
Older cribs can present many dangers to children, including strangulation and suffocation.
More babies -- about 40 each year - die from injuries associated with cribs than from any other piece of nursery equipment. Most of these deaths are associated with older, used cribs. The study projects there are approximately 1,400 used cribs for sale in thrift stores throughout the country that do not meet current safety standards.
The cribs found during the study violated current federal regulations for slat spacing of full-size and non-full size cribs (the most frequently found problem) and mattress size. The study also revealed non-compliance with voluntary safety standards, including corner posts and finials on full-size and non-full size cribs. Other problems found with cribs in thrift stores included missing hardware, metal knobs and chipping paint.
Children can strangle in older cribs when their bodies slip through wide openings between the slats, but their heads get caught. Children can suffocate when their faces and noses become wedged between a loose-fitting mattress and the crib. Catchpoints and cornerposts pose entanglement hazards; children can be hung when caught on these protruding fixtures. The current federal and voluntary standards have effectively addressed many safety hazards associated with cribs.
- HALOGEN TORCHIERE FLOOR LAMPS: 10% of general thrift stores sell halogen torchiere floor lamps without wire guards.
Wire guards and lower wattage halogen bulbs reduce fire hazards associated with halogen torchiere floor lamps.
CPSC has received 65 reports of fires resulting in 6 deaths involving halogen torchiere floor lamps since April 1998. The most common problems associated with these lamps are fires resulting from unintended contact between the lamp and combustible or flammable materials and the tipping or knocking over of lamps igniting these materials.
In 1997, CPSC and the industry recalled for repair 40 million lamps, manufactured before February 1997. Free wire guards are available by calling (800) 523-5702 x592. Installing the wire guard over the bulb shield and using a bulb of 300 watts or less will reduce the potential fire hazard by making it harder for flammable materials to touch the lamp's halogen bulb and ignite. Lamps sold in retail stores today are manufactured with a glass or wire guard and have been improved to prevent tipovers.
- PLAY YARDS AND PLAYPENS: 7% of general thrift stores carry recalled play yards and playpens with protruding hardware or rotating top rails.
Protruding hardware poses a strangulation hazard to toddlers playing inside and around play yards and playpens. Play yards and playpens with rotating top rails that do not lock automatically into place upon setup could collapse and strangle a child.
CPSC has reports of eight toddlers who strangled in their play yards and playpens when pacifier strings or their clothing caught on the play yard's or playpen’s protruding hardware. CPSC recalled these products and is currently working with industry to develop voluntary standards and testing procedures to prevent further injury or death.
CPSC is aware of 13 children who suffocated in collapsed play yards and playpens that had rotating top rails. The top rails collapsed and entrapped children in the folded "V" formed by the rails of the product.
These play yards and playpens were set up by rotating each top rail. Current production play yards and playpens have top rails that automatically lock into place when the play yard or playpen is fully set up.
CPSC and manufacturers have recalled more than 10 million play yards and playpens with protruding hardware or rotating top rails. Recalled brands include Bilt-Rite, Evenflo, Gerry, Graco, Kolcraft, Playskool, Pride-Trimble, Strolee, Century, All Our Kids, Home and Roam, and Baby Express.
- CAR SEAT CARRIERS: 4% of general thrift stores have recalled car seat carriers for sale.
Infants can fall from carriers if the handle disengages.
More than 1 million car seat carriers have been recalled because the handle disengages. Evenflo’s On My Way model resulted in 89 injuries when the handle unexpectedly disengaged, causing the seat to flip forward. Cosco’s Arriva and Turnabout models resulted in 29 injuries. Manufacturers supplied a retrofit device to secure the handle in a locked position while in use. In the investigations of the thrift stores, only one recalled carrier was found equipped with the retrofit device.
- TOY BASKETBALL NETS: 3% of general thrift stores nationwide sell recalled toy basketball nets.
Recalled toy basketball nets present a strangulation hazard to children.
Children can strangle on loops or openings in the nets of youth or toy basketball sets that come unhooked from the rim or have knots that slide. If children put their heads into these openings, the net can get tangled around their necks. Children, standing on the base of the basketball set, have put their head up through the bottom of the net into the openings, then twirled around and fell with the net twisted around their neck.
Since 1988, CPSC has received 20 reports of children under 5 years old getting their heads and necks caught in the nets of toy basketball sets subject to the recalls. In 1992, an 18 month-old child died after becoming entangled in a partly unhooked net.
More than 10 million nets on toy basketball sets have been recalled. Recalled brands include Ohio Art, Little Tikes, Today’s Kids and Fisher-Price.
- OTHER HAZARDOUS PRODUCTS FOUND DURING STUDY: The following products and their associated hazards were found in thrift stores during the study. Altogether, they account for about one percent of products found.
- Lawn darts are responsible for the deaths of three children when darts punctured their skulls. CPSC banned the sale and production of lawn darts in 1988.
- Ride-on battery powered vehicles made by Fisher-Price and Peg Perego have caused over 180 fires and at least 10 children have suffered varying degrees of burns. More than 10 million of these vehicles have been recalled.
- Bean bag chairs. Five children suffocated on the small pellet foam filling of bean bag chairs and at least 27 children recovered from injuries involving zippered bean bag chairs. More than 12 million zippered bean bag chairs have been recalled.
- Cedar Chests. Between 1977 and 1999, seven children became entrapped and suffocated inside Lane cedar chests that latch (lock) automatically when the lid is closed. Lane recalled 12 million chests made before 1987 and offered a redesigned latch that allows the lid to be opened from the inside.
- Infant swings are associated with four deaths and 50 injuries resulting from strangulation, hardware failure and seat support failure. More than 1 million have been recalled, including Century’s Lil’ Napper, Cosco’s Quiet Time and several Graco models.
- Bunk Beds are associated with 57 entrapment deaths, 55 of which were to children 3 years or younger when children became entrapped and strangled in the bed’s structure or wedged between the bed and wall and suffocated. More than a half million bunk beds have been recalled.
- Loops in window blind cords pose a strangulation hazard to children. CPSC is aware of at least 194 deaths since 1981 from this hazard. Safety tassels are available free of charge at window covering retailers. Call (800) 506-4636 to order free tassels. Because of CPSC's work with the industry, all loops on mini-blind cords sold new in retail stores have been eliminated.
- Child safety gates can protect children from hazards, especially falls down stairs. But old accordion-style baby gates are dangerous because a child’s head can become entrapped in the gate’s openings. CPSC knows of nine deaths and 25 near misses because of the entrapment hazard of these gates. Parents and caregivers should shop for and use newer-style safety gates.
After visiting a sample of 301 thrift stores nationwide, CPSC estimates that 69 percent of general thrift stores in the U.S. sell at least one hazardous product. These products present a risk of injury or death.
CPSC’s study indicates that store owners and managers, and consumers may not be aware that many of the products being donated to or sold in thrift stores are hazardous.
CPSC seeks a commitment from thrift stores to stop selling hazardous products.
As a result of this study, CPSC has prepared a Thrift Store Checklist for consumers and thrift stores, and model legislation for state governments. Anyone who donates, sells, or purchases a second-hand product should check with CPSC to determine if it is hazardous and if so, whether a repair is available.
CPSC has prepared a "Thrift Store Checklist" for consumers and thrift store owners and managers, which it is releasing with this report. The checklist includes information on how to contact CPSC to check on product recalls, bans and current safety standards. The checklist is easy to use and should be consulted before making purchases or donating consumer products to thrift stores. Thrift store owners and managers should use the checklist before accepting donations, accepting consignments or purchasing inventory for the store. CPSC is distributing this checklist to the National Association of Resale and Thrift Shops (NARTS) and national organizations. CPSC also is giving this information to state and local governments for distribution to the local and independently owned and operated thrift stores.
CPSC has drafted model legislation for state governments to adopt to make it illegal for commercial entities who sell or provide children’s products for public use, such as thrift stores, to sell or distribute certain hazardous products. The model legislation focuses only on children’s products which violate federal safety regulations or have been recalled for safety reasons. Thus, it is narrower in scope both in terms of the types of products and in the types of hazards it would address than the full range of hazardous products found in thrift stores in this study. The scope of the legislation was narrowed to ensure that the most vulnerable population affected by unsafe products - children - would be protected, and for ease of enforcement by state governments. CPSC will distribute this model legislation to organizations such as the National Association of Attorneys General and the National Governors Association.
These publications may be obtained from CPSC in the following ways:
Toll-free hotline: (800) 638- 2772
Mail: U. S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, Washington, DC 20207
FINDINGS OF STUDY
(i.e. Thrift store has: )
(stores in study=301)
(stores in country=9,547)
Number of Stores with Product
Number of Products Found in Stores
Estimate of Number Of Stores with Product
Percent of Stores with Product
Estimate of Number of Products in Thrift Stores
Drawstrings around the hood or neck of children's outerwear:
Hair dryers without protection against electrocution:
Cribs that do not meet current safety standard:
Halogen torchiere floor lamps without wire guards:
Recalled play yards/playpens with protruding rivets or rotating top rails:
Strangulation and entrapment hazard
Recalled infant car seat carriers:
Recalled toy basketball nets: | <urn:uuid:63cbe4ae-c4b3-4383-925b-2dd38fd63421> | CC-MAIN-2019-22 | https://cpsc.gov/Media/Documents/Research--Statistics/Technical-Reports/General-Information/Other-Technical-Reports-/CPSC-Study-of-Hazardous-Products-in-Thrift-Stores | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-22/segments/1558232258058.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20190525124751-20190525150751-00260.warc.gz | en | 0.948327 | 3,890 | 3.234375 | 3 |
Sunday, August 20, 2017
At the Benicia Capitol State Historic Park
Admission – Free
After the discovery of GOLD in January 1848 at Sutter’s Saw Mill on the American River , a whole lot of folks streamed into California ! By the early1850’s , chaos reigned in the Gold Fields and in the rapidly growing cities of California. San Francisco had two Vigilante Movements , in 1851 and 1856. Legal and illegal methods were used to stamp out the wave of arson fires, robberies and killings that plagued our beloved State. Regular law and order was not working, or was delayed because of wide spread corruption.
Enter private citizens who took the law into their own hands. It was not strickly legal , but it did solve the problem , at least for a time. Some people were hanged , others sent to jail and even more were banished from cities and the state.
Many of the Vigilants later rose to high offices in California.
During this time Benicia and Napa had an on going dispute. Benicia was considered a Southern, pro-slavery town. The Benicia Barracks was home to many southern officers and soldiers. Napa was a anti-slavery town.
Occasionally , this dispute resulted in ” Raids ” on each town. A few folks were ruffed up and some were killed !
So , if you are intirigued , come by the Capitol and get the scoop on this fascinating time.
” Vigilante Movement in 1850’s California “ .
Sunday : August 20, 2017 ( 2 – PM )
This Program is free and includes refreshments ! | <urn:uuid:87c9f4f3-9436-4eb4-856b-c0ee294461cc> | CC-MAIN-2019-26 | http://protectbeniciastateparks.com/benicia-state-capitol-event-vigilante-committees-in-1850s-california/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560627998325.55/warc/CC-MAIN-20190616222856-20190617004856-00315.warc.gz | en | 0.985613 | 347 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Restoring Fish Passage on the Patapsco River
The Bloede Dam will be breached for aquatic connectivity on Sept. 5. Families can expect 17 miles of contiguous river for swimming, fishing
Restoring aquatic connectivity on Maryland’s Patapsco River will be a boon to wildlife and people alike when the Bloede Dam is dismantled starting Sept. 5 after Labor Day. This flood-prone area near Ellicott City, Maryland will soon see some flood relief, thanks to a grant from the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation’s Hurricane Sandy Coastal Resiliency Fund.
As major flooding in our region and storms like Hurricane Sandy become more common, one of the best safeguards against the impacts associated with large-scale flooding is giving rivers more room to move. By restoring rivers and floodplains to align more closely with their natural stream channels and permitting fish passage, these ends are achieved.
The Bloede dam project will open more than 65 miles of stream to provide additional habitat to native diadromous fishes (live in both fresh and saltwater) and will also reduce the risk of safety hazards. Soon, tourist and visitors will be able to swim, boat and float on rafts on nearly 17 miles of the Patapsco. As the first dam on the Patapsco, the Bloede removal is the linchpin of a larger effort to address three additional mainstem dams and restore aquatic connectivity through much of the system being conducted by American Rivers. Bloede dam is expected to be breached on Sept. 5 with state officials including Governor Larry Hogan on-site to support the fish passage program.
Dam is over 110 years old
“This dam removal is one of the most significant river restoration projects in both Maryland and throughout the Mid-Atlantic,” said director of river restoration for American Rivers, Serena McClain. The dam was first erected in 1907 and is over 110 years old!
“Not only are we taking out a dam that has been a safety hazard, this project is also a crucial step in efforts to restore an important economic and recreational fishery in the Chesapeake Bay watershed,” said McClain. “The Bloede Dam project exemplifies restoration work that provides a multitude of benefits and will serve as an inspiration for future efforts.”
Fish populations will see an enormous benefit as the river provides important spawning habitat for shad, river herring, and American eel. The Bloede Dam is one of the highest priority dams in the Chesapeake Bay watershed in terms of river herring conservation. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service have estimated fish populations as high as 400,000 below Bloede Dam in recent years. American Shad have also been documented in the river after an extended absence.
Safety concerns are often an important factor driving this work. Aging dams and the threat of failure can put individuals and communities at risk. Bloede Dam is in a particularly vulnerable area given its location within the popular Patapsco Valley State Park, where swimmers come to enjoy the waterways on hot summer days.
Those working to create a safer Patapsco River include community members such as residents, retired park rangers and Friends of the Patapsco Valley State Park, Ltd., (FPVSP), a not-for-profit foundation. It works to fund the preservation of the natural life within the Park and to enhance its grounds, services, and facilities for public benefit through maintaining habitat and trails, planting trees to restore riparian areas, removing harmful plant species, and providing sheltered meeting areas and interpretive displays.
Jim Palmer, founding member of the Friends of the Patapsco Valley State Park, said: “Our Friends group has worked with the Maryland Park Service and American Rivers since 2003 to restore the Patapsco River to its original natural state. The benefits to fish migration, visitor safety, and aesthetic beauty will be felt for years to come. Canoe and kayak paddlers as well as fish will now have a barrier-free river from Daniels to the bay. Our thanks to Serena McClain and her American Rivers team for their leadership in these efforts.”
The NFWF and U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Bloede Dam project is on track to begin with an initial breach after Labor Day to connect the Patapsco River.
Mike Smith is a Loudoun County area writer. He has been a blogger for Patch for many years and as “The GreenSmith” for the Frederick News-Post. Mike writes for publications including Huffington Post and Patch. Mike supports the National Fish & Wildlife Foundation’s Hurricane Sandy Coastal Resiliency Funding programs in Washington, DC. American Rivers is a grantee for this Patapsco work.
See this story as it originally appeared. | <urn:uuid:32dd47a4-060e-41f5-82cd-76b7ca301c9d> | CC-MAIN-2022-21 | http://greensmithpr.com/2018/08/restoring-fish-passage-on-the-patapsco-river/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662531352.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220520030533-20220520060533-00485.warc.gz | en | 0.949673 | 982 | 2.75 | 3 |
If you’re involved in boxing, you’ve probably heard it called the “Sweet Science.” With an epic history as old as civilization itself, and a set of rules that ensures its purity, it is one of the most beautiful sports in the world. While some will classify it as barbaric or brutal, boxers and boxing fans know that this sport is a dance and an art, differing very little from an art form like ballet. The casual spectator, the one who sees only the violence, cannot understand what really makes boxing special. Here are just ten of the reasons that boxing is beautiful:
There is perhaps no other sport in the world that requires the same level of focus as boxing. Unlike team sports, where the slack another player lets down can be picked up by his teammates, boxers knows that if they lose focus for even a moment, they will be demolished. It is not just focus during a bout, however, that’s important. It is every aspect of the boxer’s life. He has to eat the right foods, train for the right number of hours, and focus on his goals all day, every day in order to become a champion.
Puts an emphasis on discipline.
Boxing requires self-discipline that is not required by many other sports. Discipline is not just necessary to become strong and fast enough to win fights, it is part of the culture that surrounds this sport. Boxers are taught discipline not just in relation to the sport, but in all aspects of their lives.
Boxing originates in the ancient fighting rings of Rome and Greece. It rose to popularity again during the First and Second World Wars. These were the times in our human history when courage and self-sacrifice for the greater good were highly valued attributes. These are the values that boxing is built upon. Yes, boxing can be dangerous. It can be brutal, which means that the fighter must be ready to take on that fear and the chance that he will be harmed in order to compete.
No other sport is as physically demanding.
In every other sport in the world, there are some areas of the body that must be more developed than others in order for a person to be considered an “ideal” player. However, with boxing, the participants must be as fast as they are strong. They must be as smart as they are agile. Boxers don’t just train in the ring. They have to jog, lift weights, jump rope, swim and climb—anything to make themselves stronger, faster, and more agile.
Promotes self-control and self-governance.
Both of these characteristics are not just necessary for achievement in the ring, they are also part of boxing’s culture. A great boxer knows when to strike. He knows when to hold back but he also knows when to let loose. He knows how to control himself, how to make rapid-fire decisions that can make or break a bout, and how to control his body. Training to be a successful boxer is grueling and only those with the highest levels of self-control and self-governance have what it takes to power through the difficult days and succeed in the ring.
A battle of wills, not just strength.
The strongest or fastest boxer does not always win the bout. Sometimes, all you need to win is persistence. That is what boxing can teach. A boxer who can stay on his feet long enough for his opponent to use up his own strength and exhaust himself out is the one who will win. He who has the best strategy, not the strongest arms, is usually going to be crowned the winner.
Least discriminatory sport in the world.
There are boxing classes that encompass both men and women of all heights, weights, and skill levels, you do not have to be a professional athlete in order to box. Based on these requirements (height, weight and skill level), if you are willing to sacrifice, to put in the time and the effort to learn what is needed to box, then one’s body and mind will be fast and strong.
Teaches individuals to use their negative emotions in positive ways.
Even the most successful, experienced boxer will feel nervous, anxious, or even afraid before a bout. During the fight, he can feel frustrated and angry, as well as excited. If the boxer let these negative emotions get to him, he would lose. Boxing teaches fighters to use those emotions and to channel them into more powerful punches and more watchful eyes. The ability to harness those emotions and use them to gain a positive outcome is one of the best things boxing can teach us.
In order to become a great boxer, you can’t just be fast or just be strong. You have to be smart, too. This means that your mind, body, and soul all have to be focused and aligned. While some branches of boxing take this more seriously than others, even commercialized boxing in America believes in this tenant of the sport. There is a spiritual aspect to every branch of boxing which makes it ritualistic and beautiful, not barbaric.
Boxing is beautiful.
Boxing is an integral part of human history. It was the first sport to be televised. It also has been used to prepare soldiers for hand to hand combat in just about every country in the world. Boxing is called the “Sweet Science,” not because it is violent, but because it requires training and persistence and boxers have to be as methodical and tactical as they are powerful. Boxing is beautiful because it requires a honed body and a honed mind, the two working together to create an art unlike any other in the world.
We Love Boxing! | <urn:uuid:00c174b5-d3e4-4b46-898f-6fddf87ea257> | CC-MAIN-2019-09 | https://www.boxing914.com/boxing-info/the-beauty-of-boxing/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-09/segments/1550247499009.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20190221031117-20190221053117-00206.warc.gz | en | 0.97692 | 1,175 | 2.84375 | 3 |
The course of illness can be influenced by biological, psychological, and/or social factors covering a broad range of topics that include stress, coping, and behaviors that either promote health and prevent illness, or contribute to the development of clinical problems. Health and wellness are important to our daily lives and this is true even in the context of being diagnosed with a chronic illness such as diabetes mellitus. The interplay between emotions, cognitive, and behavioral/physical factors can affect all aspects of health and illness. Individual differences such as culture, ethnicity, lifestyle, religion, gender, identity development, financial status, and social support should be considered when analyzing the individual’s response to a chronic illness. Numerous research studies have investigated the impact of one or more of these factors in terms of the effect on chronic disease outcomes. These outcomes can include symptom management and/or progression of the severity of the disease.
Explanatory theories often describe factors that contribute to health problems, or interfere with prevention activities, and thus provide targets for change. One such theory is the Health Belief Model (HBM) which addresses perceptions of the health problem. These perceptions include the degree of threat in terms of susceptibility and severity, any benefits to be obtained by avoiding the perceived threat, and various internal (e.g., self-efficacy) and external (e.g., barriers to care) factors that influence the individual’s decision to act. Other theories emphasize motivations that influence a continuum of stages of behavioral change. The Transtheoretical Model (TTM) of behavior change is a theory of this type. The response to chronic illness and the illness experience itself can be described by these models. In managing chronic disease, there are coping strategies and behavior changes that support optimal outcomes and therapeutic interventions can be designed for greater effectiveness by using these two models. For your paper you will choose from the two options below. The option you choose will provide the focus and title for your paper.
- Option A: Diabetes Mellitus and the Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change????
- Option B: Diabetes Mellitus and the Health Belief Model????
To support your work, you will perform research using the University Library and/or other search methods to provide references to support your work. You must include a minimum of three peer-reviewed sources, published within the past five years relating to diabetes mellitus and to either the Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change (Option A) or the Health Belief Model (Option B). The use of additional scholarly and/or peer-reviewed references is highly recommended. These may be obtained from academic, professional, or governmental agency sources. Dictionaries, encyclopedias, non-academic websites, and media outlet sites or publications are not appropriate resources for academic writing and are not appropriate for inclusion in this paper. You may reference your textbook and other required or recommended materials from the course but these will not fulfill the minimum reference requirement.
In your paper you will provide an analysis of your research by addressing the following elements:
- Personal impact of chronic illness
- Impact of chronic illness on friends and family
- Methods of coping
- Interventions to encourage healthy lifestyle choices
- Motivations for adhering to recommended self-care guidelines
- Beliefs about illness that support or reduce self-efficacy and the ability to take action.
Use the following headings to organize your paper into four sections as follows:
- Introduction: Explain how the TTM or HBM can be used to explain the individual’s response to chronic illness
- Body: Analyze the impact of chronic illness on friends and families, coping strategies used in chronic illness, social and psychological factors involved in the illness experience, long-term social and psychological implications of chronic illness, and therapeutic interventions based on your model
- Conclusion: Summarize how the TTM or HBM explains the individual’s approach to illness and behavior change
- Appendix: Complete the provided TTM table (Option A) or the HBM table (Option B), thinking of the diabetic individual’s adherence to self-care recommendations. Copy and paste your completed table into the Appendix of your paper.
This paper must include the biopsychosocial aspect of your research with emphasis on biological, psychological, and social factors. Be sure to elaborate on these factors using information drawn from your research and text readings.
Throughout your paper, include in-text citations for all statements of facts obtained through your research. Remember that direct quotes (identical phrases or sentences taken from a source) require in-text citations with appropriate formatting. Statements of opinion should be clearly stated as such, and include a rationale to support why you hold this opinion (e.g., personal or professional experience, your research findings).
Writing the Paper
- Must be five to seven double-spaced pages in length not including the title and references pages, and formatted according to APA style.
- Must begin with an introductory paragraph that has a succinct thesis statement.
- Must include paragraphs of a minimum of three sentences.
- Must address the topic of the paper with critical thought.
- Must end with a conclusion that reaffirms your thesis.
- Must use at least three peer-reviewed sources.
- Must document all sources in APA style.
- Must include a separate reference page, formatted according to APA style | <urn:uuid:691d7b37-348b-43b9-8680-de410d42b45f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://homeworksmith.com/the-course-of-illness-can-be-influenced-by-biological-psychological/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00679.warc.gz | en | 0.912831 | 1,109 | 2.59375 | 3 |
Democracy and rights
After several years of civil war, democratic elections were held in the Central African Republic, abbreviated as CAF by Abbreviationfinder, in 2016/2017, which despite many deficiencies was approved by international observers. The civilian population has been severely affected by the conflict and few have been punished for the many abuses committed both during and after the civil war. A number of peace agreements have been signed between the government and various rebel groups, but there is a long way to go for a lasting peace and a functioning rule of law. Corruption is a major problem.
The presidential and parliamentary elections were held in 2016 after the outside world pressed them to get rid of them (see Current policy). The turnout was relatively low, and the lack of security meant that many residents could not register to vote. Nor did the many Central Africans who moved the country had the opportunity to take part in the elections.
- Countryaah: Offers a comprehensive list of airports in Central African Republic, including international airports with city located, size and abbreviation, as well as the biggest airlines.
Citizens generally have limited opportunities to get in touch with their political representatives. There are also major shortcomings in how the elections are organized and the election authority’s staff often lack adequate training. The situation is made more difficult by the state having so little control over large parts of the country.
Formally, citizens can freely form political parties, but party activists risk being exposed to threats and harassment in areas controlled by the various armed groups. Security is highly dependent on the international troops in the country, including the UN force Minusca. In recent years, Russia has sent military advisers (see Current Policy).
Formally, the Central African Republic is a secular state, but religious and sectarian forces reinforce the strong tensions that arose in the wake of the war.
Women are discriminated against in terms of inheritance law and they are underrepresented in public life. Only eleven of the 140 members of the National Assembly are women (see also Social conditions). Various minority groups, not least LGBT people, are also underrepresented in politics.
Even though the worst fights are over, there are still many threats to human security. Criminal violence has replaced the regular civil war. The militias often act as bandit gangs. They rob, kill and rape beyond the view of the weak police and international peacekeepers. Rape is common even in peacetime.
Corruption and sly politics are common in public life.
According to the organization Transparency International index list of perceived corruption in the countries of the world, in 2019, the Central African Republic ended up in 153 of 180 countries, four positions worse than the year before.
Freedom of expression and media
Freedom of the press and freedom of expression are guaranteed in the constitution but are not fully respected by the state power. Journalists can be prosecuted for various crimes, such as rioting and disobedience to security forces. Self-censorship is therefore common.
There are many indications that in recent years the authorities and holders of power have become increasingly sensitive to criticism.
In 2005, the law was amended so that journalists could no longer be prosecuted, but nevertheless, in the spring of 2015, charges were brought against three journalists for insulting the then President Catherine Samba-Panza.
However, the most serious limitation of press freedom is not state laws and regulations. The arbitrary violence from both security forces and militia threatens journalists’ opportunities to work. Newspaper offices were looted and radio stations destroyed.
Another obstacle to independent journalism is that journalists have low wages and are therefore easy to bribe.
In 2014, a French freelance journalist was killed when she followed the Christian anti-Balaka militia in the Bouar region in the western part of the country to document the violence that was going on there. In the summer of 2018, three Russian journalists were murdered in the country. They were there to investigate whether the private Russian security company Wagner PMC, which has relations with the Russian government, has mercenaries in the Central African Republic.
In June 2019, two French journalists who worked for the AFP news agency were arrested and beaten by police and seized their equipment when they watched a protest organized by a banned opposition organization. They were released after the Central African Justice Minister intervened. He also defended the police’s actions.
In 2019, the Central African Republic ranked 145 out of 180 countries on the Reporters Without Borders ranking list of freedom of the press in the countries of the world. The country has slipped further and further down the list since 2013, when it was found at position 65.
For the majority of residents, radio is the most important medium. The country’s only broadcaster is state and usually supports the sitting government.
Printed media have little spread. They are printed and read almost exclusively in the capital Bangui, due to the widespread illiteracy. Also, there is no functioning postal system that can distribute newspapers outside the capital.
Judicial system and legal security
According to the Constitution of 2016, the judiciary should be independent of the authorities, but in practice the government interferes in its work. The courts work poorly, partly because there is no qualified staff. Corruption is widespread within the legal system as it is common for employees not to receive their salaries.
Arbitrary arrests and lengthy detention pending trial pose major problems.
The death penalty is found in the legislation, but is rarely sentenced. In 2002, ex-President André Kolingba was sentenced to death in his absence for a coup attempt in 2001.
According to the UN, the conflict had claimed about 5,000 casualties from the end of 2012 through the summer of 2015. One million people had been forced to flee and many homes had been burned down. Sexual violence was also widespread. Soldiers from the foreign peace forces are also accused of committing sexual abuse of children.
A new special court to deal with cases involving the many abuses committed in the country since 2003 has been established and started its work in the fall of 2018 (see Calendar). countries. Prosecutors should always come from abroad. The Special Court shall cooperate with the International Criminal Court (ICC).
In September 2014, the ICC announced that it would formally begin to investigate allegations of war crimes in the Central African Republic. ICC chief prosecutor Fatou Bensouda said both sides of the conflict were guilty of serious crimes such as murder, rape, forced displacement and recruitment of child soldiers. In 2018, Patrice-Edouard Ngaïssona and Alfred Yekatom, both of whom had a leading role in the anti-Balaka militia, were arrested and handed over to the ICC (see Calendar).
The ICC is already pursuing a target that includes suspected war crimes in the Central African Republic. In 2009, Congolese opposition leader and former rebel leader Jean-Pierre Bemba was indicted for war crimes and crimes against humanity. Among other things, Bemba was accused of abuses committed by his forces and government soldiers in the Central African Republic in 2002, when they helped the then president defeat a coup attempt. Bemba was convicted in 2016 of murders and rapes committed by his rebels in the neighboring country to 18 years in prison. He was found guilty of five counts of war crimes and crimes against humanity. The prosecutor had been in prison for 25 years. Bemba, who was Vice-President of Congo-Kinshasa 2003-2006, thus became the person of the highest rank judged by ICC. He was also the first to be convicted of sexual violence in wartime. Bemba appealed against the verdict and was released by the ICC Appellate Unit in June 2018 (see Calendar).
According to UN estimates at the beginning of 2014, there were between 6,000 and 8,000 children in the various armed groups who were forced to commit abuse. In 2015, the government and the armed groups in the country agreed that child soldiers should be released. But how many who have really ended up as soldiers are uncertain. In 2017, the Central African Republic signed a UN convention banning child soldiers from being used. At the same time, reports came that the various armed groups continued to recruit children.
New rebellion in the north
The UDFR occupies several cities in the northeastern part of the country. With the help of French fighter aircraft, the government regains control. At the same time, the People’s Army for the Restoration of the Republic and Democracy (APRD) has started an uprising in the northwest. APRD was created by people who were loyal to Patassé, which Bozizé deposited in 2003.
Ex-President Patassé is being convicted of fraud
Former President Ange-Felix Patassé is sentenced in his absence to 20 years of criminal work for fraud. | <urn:uuid:68491ab1-693d-4015-b71b-484130fd0a0e> | CC-MAIN-2022-21 | https://www.getzipcodes.org/central-african-republic-democracy-and-rights/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662531762.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220520061824-20220520091824-00223.warc.gz | en | 0.980242 | 1,792 | 3.296875 | 3 |
Overview of cardiology
Cardiology is the branch of medicine that covers conditions related to the heart muscle as well as the circulatory system, which pumps blood throughout the body.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, heart disease causes 1 in 4 deaths in the United States. Heart disease can also substantially reduce quality of life.
Cardiologists treat a variety of disorders related to the heart and circulatory system, such as heart defects, coronary artery disease, and heart failure.
At Dignity Health, our hospitals are staffed by teams of specialists in the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of heart disease. Our cardiology experts never miss a beat when it comes to your heart health. They'll be there for you, no matter what you're facing.
Some common cardiac conditions are:
- High blood pressure (hypertension)
- High cholesterol
- Pericarditis (inflammation around the heart)
- Heart attack
- Heart failure
- Coronary artery disease (the most common form of heart disease)
- Arrhythmia (abnormal or irregular heartbeat)
- Atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries)
- Congenital disabilities
- Cardiomyopathy (weakened or enlarged heart muscle)
- Heart infection
- Heart valve disease
At Dignity Health, our providers may perform the following tests to help diagnose your heart condition:
- Electrocardiogram ("EKG") and other electrical tests to measure the electrical activity in the heart
- Blood tests to check levels of cholesterol and other fats, blood sugar, and markers of heart attack
- Chest x-rays to create a still picture of your heart
- Stress testing to measure any changes in heart rhythm between periods of rest and exercise. Stress tests also measure how effectively the heart is working during exercise.
- Echocardiogram to create an ultrasound-based image of the heart chambers, measure output of the heart, or check how effectively the heart is pumping blood. It can also make conditions like pericarditis, or swelling around the heart, visible, and help diagnose congenital disabilities such as valve defects.
Treatments for heart disease depend on your overall health and specific condition. Your personalized treatment plan may include medications, lifestyle changes, and medical procedures or surgery.
If you are diagnosed with heart disease, your personalized treatment plan at Dignity Health may include:
- Catheter ablation, where radio waves, heat, or freezing is used to destroy abnormal tissue in the heart that could lead to arrhythmia.
- Permanent pacemaker, where a device is inserted into the heart to ensure it keeps beating in a regular rhythm.
- Cardiac catheterization, where a thin tube is inserted through a blood vessel into the heart to find abnormalities in arteries.
- Coronary angioplasty, where a catheter is inserted into a blood vessel, which is then expanded using a balloon to increase blood flow. Angioplasties can also be performed on blocked or constricted blood vessels in the arms, legs, or other parts of the body.
- Coronary artery bypass, a procedure also known as bypass surgery, in which a blocked or constricted artery is circumvented ("bypassed") by inserting a healthy blood vessel from the leg or another part of the body.
- Heart transplant, where a heart that cannot be repaired is replaced with a donated heart.
- Valve repair or replacement, where valves may be loosened or tightened to optimize blood flow through the heart, or a synthetic or donated valve is inserted in place of a damaged or malfunctioning valve.
The cardiologists at Dignity Health are here to provide whole-person care and treatment for heart disease. Find a Doctor near you.
The information contained in this article is meant for educational purposes only and should not replace advice from your healthcare provider. | <urn:uuid:fc67c22a-e0b8-414a-b2b6-218bb89b0a7e> | CC-MAIN-2021-17 | https://www.dignityhealth.org/conditions-and-treatments/cardiology | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-17/segments/1618038059348.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20210410210053-20210411000053-00406.warc.gz | en | 0.917045 | 802 | 3.15625 | 3 |
We are surrounded by microbes with intriguing functions—they are in the oceans (where they produce 50% of the oxygen we breathe), in the skies (where they can act as seeds for cloud formation and influence climate globally), in the soil (where they can be as diverse as 40,000 species per gram and determine which crops survive), and in our guts (where they not only help with digestion but also influence inflammation, appetite, circadian rhythm, and behaviors)—but the tools to study complex microbial communities (microbiomes) are limited. A growing body of evidence suggests a correlation between changes in a microbiome and onset of diseases in humans, but in most cases, causality is not yet established.
We are developing tools based on nanotechnology, bioengineering, and analytical chemistry to understand causal relationships between microbiomes and their hosts, and to manipulate microbiomes for desirable outcomes, e.g. to shift patients from unhealthy to healthy states. One of these tools uses cationic gold nanoparticles to probe bacterial surfaces. We demonstrate that these nanoparticles can interact electrostatically with the cell walls of bacteria, and aggregate around them to produce a colorimetric response. These gold nanoparticles can potentially be used to separate bacteria within a microbiome and thus, to facilitate their characterization by genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics. These separation methods, coupled with other tools such as 3D in vitro cell-based models, will help us in understanding host-microbiome interactions and act as stepping stones for engineering human microbiomes.
Dr. Mohit Verma is a postdoctoral fellow in Professor George Whitesides' laboratory at Harvard University. Dr. Verma received his PhD in Chemical Engineering (Nanotechnology) in 2015 and his BASc in Nanotechnology Engineering in 2012 from the University of Waterloo (Canada). During his PhD, he conducted research on the use of gold nanoparticles for detecting bacteria and on the use of polymeric nanoparticles for delivering drugs, under the supervision of Professor Frank Gu. He received the Vanier Canada Graduate Scholarship from the Government of Canada and the Endeavour Research Fellowship from the Government of Australia (for spending four months at the University of New South Wales) during his PhD. He currently holds the Banting Postdoctoral Fellowship from the Government of Canada. His research interests include human microbiomes, biosensors, drug delivery, and soft robots.
Cite this work
Researchers should cite this work as follows:
Room 1001, Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN | <urn:uuid:c8ec38c1-fdfd-4438-a4f1-d9a98337d14e> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | http://nanohub.org/resources/26006 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257647692.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20180321195830-20180321215830-00575.warc.gz | en | 0.939374 | 512 | 3.109375 | 3 |
This section of the Kids R Us website is meant to be used as a convenient, practical and easy-to-follow road map for your child’s dental and oral health, from birth through to adolescence.
Each stage of your child's development presents changes and challenges that can seem overwhelming, to parents and children alike.
Knowing what to expect can make all the difference when it comes to successfully navigating your child's dental development.
But with so much growth and development occurring over the first 12 years of your child's life, it can be hard to keep track of what to expect and when to expect it — never mind how or when to begin introducing important daily preventive activities, such as brushing and flossing.
For each major milestone in your children’s dental development, we outline what you can expect in terms of teething, tooth loss, tooth replacement and appropriate care.
Click on an age group below to read practical advice about helping your kids avoid developing tooth decay and establishing dental hygiene routines. These pages also outline how your pediatric dentist can support your children’s healthy, growing smiles during each major growth phase.
In your child's first two years, they will likely develop all their primary teeth, making it a critical time for good dental care.
Your child's dental development changes, with molars erupting & new eating patterns potentially affecting their oral health.
Your child's baby teeth and jaw are starting to prepare for the next stage of development, the growth of their adult teeth.
Children age 6 and up experience a lot of dental change, with the mouth losing their first baby teeth and making way for adult teeth.
When it comes to oral health, teenagers face unique challenges that younger children do not, so it is very important for them to take care of their teeth.
We are your children's pediatric dental specialists in Southwest Calgary. | <urn:uuid:e4d6621c-30a9-4a1e-8cfb-b2a4eccfbe57> | CC-MAIN-2021-25 | https://www.kidsrusdentistry.com/site/dentistry-at-every-age | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-25/segments/1623487625967.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20210616155529-20210616185529-00144.warc.gz | en | 0.941859 | 382 | 2.8125 | 3 |
Cannabidiol (CBD) is growing in popularity as an alternative treatment for arthritis. Some people take it in the form of CBD oil, whereas others apply CBD topically to the affected joints, or use both methods.
There are many reasons why CBD is becoming a sought-after option for people suffering from this condition.
For one, CBD is a safe, natural compound that comes from the hemp plant, whereas prescription medications — especially opioids — come with serious side effects, can become addictive, and only treat the symptoms rather than the root of the problem.
There’s also a growing volume of test-tube and animal research, with some early human studies, suggesting that you might be able to use CBD for arthritis.
CBD is a safe, natural compound that comes from the hemp plant
Can CBD relieve arthritis and its symptoms? Read on for a detailed look at the evidence.
Arthritis is an umbrella term for conditions that affect your joints. It can either be non-inflammatory or involve inflammation and affect one or several joints.
Inflammatory arthritis can be caused by autoimmune processes where the body’s immune system attacks the joints, infections, or crystal deposits (e.g., during gout attacks). It can also be accompanied by autoimmune diseases that affect other parts of the body, such as lupus.
There are well over 100 different types of arthritis. However, the most prominent ones are:
- Osteoarthritis: Also known as non-inflammatory or degenerative arthritis, osteoarthritis is the most common form of joint disease. It’s characterized by the wearing away of cartilage — the flexible, rubber-like padding that protects the ends of bones at the joints.
- Rheumatoid arthritis (RA): Another common type of arthritis, where an overactive immune system attacks healthy joint tissue.
- Juvenile arthritis: Any type of arthritis that affects children. In most cases, it has an autoimmune cause.
- Gout: A form of inflammatory arthritis caused by uric acid buildup in the joints. Gout is marked by sudden and severe episodes of joint pain and inflammation.
- Lupus: Lupus is a systemic autoimmune disease that can affect the joints and many other parts of the body, including blood cells, the skin, kidneys, brain, and other organs.
- Reactive arthritis: This condition is caused by an infection elsewhere in the body, such as the gut.
- Infectious arthritis: Also known as septic arthritis, this kind of arthritis is caused by joint infection.
- Psoriatic arthritis: a form of arthritis that occurs in about 20-30% of people with psoriasis, an autoimmune skin disorder. ¹
- Ankylosing spondylitis: An autoimmune disorder that causes inflammation in the spine but can also occur in other joints.
Arthritis Symptoms & Pathology
The main symptoms of arthritis are joint pain, stiffness, swelling, redness, weakness, reduced range of motion, and loss of function. ² However, depending on the underlying cause, it can also produce symptoms unrelated to the joints, such as fatigue and fever.
Having arthritis can also contribute to developing depression and anxiety.
Can CBD Help With Arthritis?
CBD and other cannabinoids hold serious potential in the treatment of arthritis. At the most basic level, CBD has anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving properties which can help relieve the symptoms of both non-inflammatory (osteoarthritis) and inflammation-related arthritis. ³
CBD may also address the underlying causes of joint diseases, such as the chronic inflammation seen in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
Multiple animal and test-tube studies of RA have demonstrated that CBD can have a positive effect when applied either internally or topically. ³
In one frequently cited study from 2000, researchers examined the effects of oral or injected CBD in mice with RA. They found that it had a “potent anti-arthritic effect” through anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects. ⁴
Meanwhile, the researchers of a 2016 study applied a transdermal CBD-infused gel to the joints of rats affected by RA. Again, CBD reduced joint pain and inflammation. ⁵
Furthermore, a 2020 test-tube study found that CBD may be able to alleviate RA by reducing the inflammatory effects of synovial fibroblast cells which play a key role in the condition. ⁶
There’s also some evidence that CBD may be helpful for osteoarthritis (OA), the non-inflammatory form of the disease. In one 2017 study, CBD prevented the development of neuropathic pain and nerve damage in rats with OA. ⁷
All in all, early research findings suggest that there’s great potential when it comes to using CBD for arthritis. Having said that, some researchers speculate that CBD may work best in combination with other specific cannabinoids because it can also activate anti-inflammatory mechanisms not related to cannabinoid receptors. ⁸
The Endocannabinoid System and Arthritis
Many of CBD’s beneficial effects on arthritis and other conditions come from its interaction with the body’s endocannabinoid system (ECS). This system’s main role is to help maintain your body’s homeostasis, a healthy state of balance.
The ECS has three parts:
- Endocannabinoids made by your body (anandamide and 2-AG)
- Enzymes used to make and break down endocannabinoids
- Cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2) that interact with both phytocannabinoids such as CBD and endocannabinoids
Since the ECS regulates many of the processes involved in arthritis, namely immune system function, inflammation, and pain, it could offer an innovative way to alleviate and treat joint conditions. ⁹
For instance, there’s evidence that activation of the CB2 receptor, which is especially abundant in immune system cells, may have a positive effect on RA by lowering the production of autoantibodies, inflammatory molecules called cytokines, and via other mechanisms. ¹⁰
Several studies have also reported that the levels of endocannabinoids, their associated enzymes, and cannabinoid receptors in individuals with arthritis significantly differ from those of healthy individuals, suggesting that the ECS is involved in the condition. ¹¹
Another interesting finding is that blocking the effects of FAAH — an enzyme that breaks down the endocannabinoid anandamide — seems to alleviate arthritis symptoms. ¹²
In one animal study of RA, researchers looked at mice that either lacked the enzyme completely or were given a drug to prevent its effects. They found that blocking FAAH reduced the severity of RA and associated pain. ¹²
Similarly, a study in mice with OA found that a FAAH blocker lowered acute joint inflammation, prevented nerve damage, and reduced chronic joint pain. ¹³
These studies are especially relevant to CBD because one of its major effects is suppressing this same FAAH enzyme.
Other Anti-Arthritic Mechanisms of CBD
As we mentioned earlier, one of the great things about CBD is that it also affects other systems aside from the ECS.
For example, there’s evidence that CBD can produce anti-inflammatory, pain-relieving, and other anti-arthritic effects by acting on serotonin, TRPV1, TRPA1, and PPARγ receptors, and suppressing the pro-inflammatory (NF)-κB pathway. ¹⁴ ¹⁵ ¹⁶ ¹⁷
What Does the Research Say?
Human studies looking at CBD for arthritis are just beginning, but the findings are promising.
In a 2018 trial on 320 people with knee OA, researchers compared the effects of a synthetic transdermal CBD gel with a placebo treatment. Although people in the CBD gel group reported lower average pain scores than placebo, this improvement was not statistically significant enough to rule out random chance.
However, further analysis showed that some people (responders) did see significant reductions in pain when treated with the CBD gel compared to placebo. ¹⁸
Meanwhile, a 2006 study on 58 RA sufferers compared placebo with the effects of Sativex, a drug with equal amounts of CBD and THC. Unlike placebo, the cannabinoid treatment significantly improved arthritis pain and severity. CBD also improved sleep and was associated with mostly minor side effects. ¹⁹
There’s also a case report of a 50-year-old woman suffering from RA, lupus, and Raynard’s disease, all of which are autoimmune conditions. She took 600 mg of CBD isolate oil for 28 days, resulting in significant pain relief, better mobility and mood, improved scores on quality-of-life metrics, and lower levels of inflammation. ²⁰
There are also many anecdotal reports of CBD’s beneficial effects on arthritis. In particular, a survey done by the Arthritis Foundation reported that arthritis sufferers saw improvements in physical function, morning stiffness, sleep, and overall well-being by using CBD oil and topical CBD products.
Overall, the evidence is promising but more well-designed, rigorous human studies of CBD’s effects on arthritis are needed.
How Much CBD Should I Take for Arthritis?
There are no official CBD dosage recommendations for arthritis or any other condition.
Although we have no conclusive guidance for an effective way to treat arthritis with CBD, we do know that an effective CBD dosage can vary between individuals based on their weight, unique body chemistry, and arthritis type and severity.
Additionally, CBD products come in a wide variety of forms, which can also influence the dosage.
In general, most health experts recommend the “start low and go slow” approach to dosing CBD and other cannabinoids. ²¹
In the case of arthritis, you can use CBD internally, in the form of CBD oil and other products, or apply it directly to the affected joints as a cream or another topical preparation.
Start with a small amount of CBD (10-15 mg) and wait a few hours to see if you notice any effects. If that’s not enough, raise the dose in small increments over time until you settle on the amount that relieves your arthritis symptoms.
Meanwhile, if you’re using a topical product, you can estimate the amount you’re using by dividing the total CBD content by the volume. For example, a 30 ml CBD cream with 900 mg of CBD provides 30 mg per ml.
Are There Any Side Effects?
According to decades of research, CBD is a well-tolerated, safe compound.
While it can cause minor-to-moderate side effects, including sleepiness, tiredness, diarrhea, dry mouth, low blood pressure, dizziness, and changes in appetite or weight, these have only been reported in studies using high doses of pure CBD. ²²
Additionally, the study of transdermal CBD gel in OA sufferers reported skin dryness and headaches in some participants.
However, most people take much lower doses of CBD and are unlikely to experience anything more than mild side effects.
Judging from preliminary research, CBD shows great promise to be developed into an alternative or complementary treatment plan for arthritis. It seems to offer beneficial effects for all types of arthritis, including its two most common forms: rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. It’s worth noting that most people report the best effects through topicals rather than other consumption methods, such as CBD gummies.
What’s more, full-spectrum CBD might not only alleviate arthritis symptoms, such as chronic pain, but also address the chronic inflammation that underlies rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory forms of the disease.
Furthermore, CBD is a very safe option that’s only been associated with mild-to-moderate side effects.
Still, like with most conditions people are trying to treat with CBD , there isn’t a ton of clinical research evidence. More high-quality studies are needed to confirm CBD’s anti-arthritic effects and figure out the best way to use it. If you are currently on prescription medication, we suggest consulting your doctor before taking CBD. | <urn:uuid:eb57cf1f-bab4-464c-a250-e48fba84b670> | CC-MAIN-2022-27 | https://cbdnerds.com/conditions/cbd-for-arthritis/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656103626162.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220629084939-20220629114939-00041.warc.gz | en | 0.937614 | 2,562 | 2.59375 | 3 |
Pattern recognition suppression
Pattern recognition suppression is defined as a partial to complete inability to mentally process and interpret visual information regardless of its clarity. For example, if one looks at an object in front of them, they will have a reduced ability to recognize what they are seeing, even if they can see the object in clear detail. This can render even the most common everyday objects as unrecognizable but holds particularly true with faces. A person experiencing this effect while looking at a face would be able to see and even describe the facial features they see but may be unable to then combine the pattern of visual information into identifying the face. It is also worth noting that this effect is comparable and likely related to the visual disorder known as visual apperceptive agnosia.
Pattern recognition suppression is often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as analysis suppression and thought deceleration. It is most commonly induced under the influence of heavy dosages of dissociative or antipsychotic compounds, such as ketamine, quetiapine, PCP, and DXM. However, it can also occur to a lesser extent under the influence of extremely heavy dosages of psychedelic compounds such as LSD, psilocybin, and mescaline.
Compounds within our psychoactive substance index which may cause this effect include:
Annectdotal reports which describe this effect with our experience index include:
- Experience:225ug LSD + 9g cubensis - Galactic Melt and the Meverse
- Experience:3-MeO-PCP - Extreme psychosis
- Experience:75mg DMT - Experiencing Death
- Experience:DXM and Cannabis: 100mg - Unexpected Strong Trip
- Experience:LSA (20 HWBR seeds) – A pleasant adventure with a harsh body load
- Responsible use
- Subjective effects index
- Pattern recognition enhancement
- Dissociatives - Subjective effects
- Deliriants - Subjective effects
- Psychedelics - Subjective effects | <urn:uuid:ee73b059-2d04-4cc8-b341-570882f732ff> | CC-MAIN-2021-43 | https://psychonautwiki.org/wiki/Pattern_recognition_suppression | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323587877.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20211026103840-20211026133840-00096.warc.gz | en | 0.897138 | 407 | 2.875 | 3 |
te, se, nos vs le, les
We replace le or les with "se" when there are two object pronouns in the sentence, both starting with "l", for example: le lo ..., le las... In these cases the indirect pronoun becomes "se". Here is a lesson on this precise content. Have a look.
When le/les become se
I hope this helps
Sign in to submit your answer
Don't have an account yet? Join today
Test your Spanish to the CEFR standard | <urn:uuid:5971ba11-de4a-4afd-b074-3882647665a4> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://spanish.kwiziq.com/questions/view/when-to-use-se-vs-le | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141177566.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20201124195123-20201124225123-00190.warc.gz | en | 0.850341 | 106 | 3.5 | 4 |
The elbow includes 3 bones, the humerus of the upper arm, and the radius and ulna of the lower arm. The bottom portion of the upper arm bone sits in a groove in the ulna. The end of the radius lies against the end of the upper arm bone and allows the forearm to rotate. A series of ligaments connects the bones and keeps them in place during movement.
An elbow dislocation occurs when the bones are pulled out of place. It often involves damage to the ligaments and sometimes damage to the bones. A dislocation will make certain movements impossible.
Elbow dislocation is caused by a sudden traumatic force on the elbow, such as a fall on an outstretched arm.
Factors that may increase your chance of elbow dislocation:
- Instability in the structure of your elbow joint
- Previous injury or surgery to your elbow joint
- Playing sports
Elbow dislocation may cause:
- Severe pain at the elbow with or without swelling
- Pain with movement
- Difficulty bending arm or moving forearm
- Abnormal appearance of the elbow
Your doctor will ask about your symptoms, medical history, and what you were doing when your elbow was injured. Your elbow will be thoroughly examined to check for swelling and tenderness. Your doctor will may be able to make the diagnosis based on your symptoms.
An x-ray may be taken to look for evidence of the dislocation or fractures.
Other imaging tests may be done to see if there is any damage to nerves, blood vessels or ligaments:
Elbow dislocations are graded according to their severity:
- Simple dislocation—No major bone injury.
- Complex dislocation—Fractures of the bone and damage to surrounding tissue such as ligaments, nerves, and blood vessels are likely.
The doctor can manipulate most elbows back into place. Medications to relieve pain and help you relax will be given before the elbow is moved. Once the elbow is repaired, medication will be given to help reduce swelling and pain.
Other aspects of your treatment depend on the severity of the dislocation and other tissue damage.
The elbow joint will be immobilized with a splint or sling to help it heal properly. You may need to wear the support for up to 3 weeks, even if it was a simple dislocation.
Exercises and rehabilitation are an important part of recovery. Motion exercises are started as soon as possible to help prevent stiffness and permanent loss of motion.
Physical therapy can help restore strength, range of motion, and flexibility.
Complex dislocations may require surgery to:
- Restore proper alignment
- Repair damaged bones ligaments, blood vessels, or nerves
An external hinge may be needed to support the bones while they heal. Future surgeries may also be needed to improve motion and remove scar tissue.
To help reduce your chance an elbow dislocation:
- Don’t put your arm out when you fall. If you can, turn your body, fall on your side, and roll.
- Wear protective equipment and use proper technique when playing sports.
- Keep your arm muscles strong with regular exercise.
- Reviewer: Michael Woods, MD
- Review Date: 12/2014 -
- Update Date: 12/20/2014 - | <urn:uuid:0693eb11-47dd-4693-98d8-b067ff6ab935> | CC-MAIN-2016-07 | http://kendallmed.com/hl/?/886485/Elbow-Dislocation&com.dotmarketing.htmlpage.language=1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-07/segments/1454701171770.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20160205193931-00022-ip-10-236-182-209.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.910689 | 677 | 3.34375 | 3 |
CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF FGF1 IN COMPLEX WITH THE EXTRACELLULAR LIGAND BINDING DOMAIN OF FGF RECEPTOR 1 (FGFR1)
[FGFR1_HUMAN] Defects in FGFR1 are a cause of Pfeiffer syndrome (PS) [MIM:101600]; also known as acrocephalosyndactyly type V (ACS5). PS is characterized by craniosynostosis (premature fusion of the skull sutures) with deviation and enlargement of the thumbs and great toes, brachymesophalangy, with phalangeal ankylosis and a varying degree of soft tissue syndactyly. Defects in FGFR1 are the cause of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 2 with or without anosmia (HH2) [MIM:147950]. A disorder characterized by absent or incomplete sexual maturation by the age of 18 years, in conjunction with low levels of circulating gonadotropins and testosterone and no other abnormalities of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. In some cases, it is associated with non-reproductive phenotypes, such as anosmia, cleft palate, and sensorineural hearing loss. Anosmia or hyposmia is related to the absence or hypoplasia of the olfactory bulbs and tracts. Hypogonadism is due to deficiency in gonadotropin-releasing hormone and probably results from a failure of embryonic migration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone-synthesizing neurons. In the presence of anosmia, idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism is referred to as Kallmann syndrome, whereas in the presence of a normal sense of smell, it has been termed normosmic idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (nIHH). Defects in FGFR1 are the cause of osteoglophonic dysplasia (OGD) [MIM:166250]; also known as osteoglophonic dwarfism. OGD is characterized by craniosynostosis, prominent supraorbital ridge, and depressed nasal bridge, as well as by rhizomelic dwarfism and nonossifying bone lesions. Inheritance is autosomal dominant. Defects in FGFR1 are the cause of trigonocephaly type 1 (TRIGNO1) [MIM:190440]. A keel-shaped deformation of the forehead resulting from premature fusion of the frontal suture. Trigonocephaly may occur also as a part of a syndrome. Note=A chromosomal aberration involving FGFR1 may be a cause of stem cell leukemia lymphoma syndrome (SCLL). Translocation t(8;13)(p11;q12) with ZMYM2. SCLL usually presents as lymphoblastic lymphoma in association with a myeloproliferative disorder, often accompanied by pronounced peripheral eosinophilia and/or prominent eosinophilic infiltrates in the affected bone marrow. Note=A chromosomal aberration involving FGFR1 may be a cause of stem cell myeloproliferative disorder (MPD). Translocation t(6;8)(q27;p11) with FGFR1OP. Insertion ins(12;8)(p11;p11p22) with FGFR1OP2. MPD is characterized by myeloid hyperplasia, eosinophilia and T-cell or B-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma. In general it progresses to acute myeloid leukemia. The fusion proteins FGFR1OP2-FGFR1, FGFR1OP-FGFR1 or FGFR1-FGFR1OP may exhibit constitutive kinase activity and be responsible for the transforming activity. Note=A chromosomal aberration involving FGFR1 may be a cause of stem cell myeloproliferative disorder (MPD). Translocation t(8;9)(p12;q33) with CEP110. MPD is characterized by myeloid hyperplasia, eosinophilia and T-cell or B-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma. In general it progresses to acute myeloid leukemia. The fusion protein CEP110-FGFR1 is found in the cytoplasm, exhibits constitutive kinase activity and may be responsible for the transforming activity.
[FGF1_HUMAN] Plays an important role in the regulation of cell survival, cell division, angiogenesis, cell differentiation and cell migration. Functions as potent mitogen in vitro. [FGFR1_HUMAN] Tyrosine-protein kinase that acts as cell-surface receptor for fibroblast growth factors and plays an essential role in the regulation of embryonic development, cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. Required for normal mesoderm patterning and correct axial organization during embryonic development, normal skeletogenesis and normal development of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neuronal system. Phosphorylates PLCG1, FRS2, GAB1 and SHB. Ligand binding leads to the activation of several signaling cascades. Activation of PLCG1 leads to the production of the cellular signaling molecules diacylglycerol and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate. Phosphorylation of FRS2 triggers recruitment of GRB2, GAB1, PIK3R1 and SOS1, and mediates activation of RAS, MAPK1/ERK2, MAPK3/ERK1 and the MAP kinase signaling pathway, as well as of the AKT1 signaling pathway. Promotes phosphorylation of SHC1, STAT1 and PTPN11/SHP2. In the nucleus, enhances RPS6KA1 and CREB1 activity and contributes to the regulation of transcription. FGFR1 signaling is down-regulated by IL17RD/SEF, and by FGFR1 ubiquitination, internalization and degradation.
Publication Abstract from PubMed
To elucidate the structural determinants governing specificity in fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling, we have determined the crystal structures of FGF1 and FGF2 complexed with the ligand binding domains (immunoglobulin-like domains 2 [D2] and 3 [D3]) of FGF receptor 1 (FGFR1) and FGFR2, respectively. Highly conserved FGF-D2 and FGF-linker (between D2-D3) interfaces define a general binding site for all FGF-FGFR complexes. Specificity is achieved through interactions between the N-terminal and central regions of FGFs and two loop regions in D3 that are subject to alternative splicing. These structures provide a molecular basis for FGF1 as a universal FGFR ligand and for modulation of FGF-FGFR specificity through primary sequence variations and alternative splicing.
Crystal structures of two FGF-FGFR complexes reveal the determinants of ligand-receptor specificity.,Plotnikov AN, Hubbard SR, Schlessinger J, Mohammadi M Cell. 2000 May 12;101(4):413-24. PMID:10830168
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. | <urn:uuid:42503e5a-a8d9-4e81-b371-d56a610f25d5> | CC-MAIN-2016-36 | http://proteopedia.org/wiki/index.php/1evt | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-36/segments/1471982947845.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20160823200907-00102-ip-10-153-172-175.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.873574 | 1,601 | 2.65625 | 3 |
Making a fidget spinner is much more fun than buying one
If you’re a teacher looking for a fun STEM project for your students, we have one that should definitely be on your list. Not only because it teaches your students new skills around 3D CAD, design, and 3D printing, but it also allows students to feel a sense of accomplishment by creating and personalizing their very own fidget spinner instead of simply buying one. While a fidget spinner itself is a cool toy, it can also be used throughout the school year to help students focus, by providing a constructive way to relieve fidgeting and nervous energy, anxiety, or psychological stress.
Download our step-by-step tutorial to get started
If you’re an expert in using 3D CAD design tools like Solid Edge, you’ll find the activities found in this tutorial, such as sketching, creating a 3D model, and 3D printing, to be a fun review for the start of the school year. And if you are haven’t tried using 3D CAD software yet and want to start quickly, this tutorial provides easy step-by-step instruction that will enable you and your students to complete a project from start to finish in no time.
Everything you need to create your digital design is included, and free of charge:
- Download and install your free Solid Edge Teacher license today – after that, you’re ready to get creative!
- Download the Siemens Solid Edge Fidget Spinner Tutorial.
- Invite your students to claim their own Solid Edge student license, so they can practice in and out of school.
Designing your part and creating a digital twin
A fidget spinner consists of several parts: a plastic or metal body, a ball bearing, and some screws and nuts for weight.
In our example, following the instructions, you will design the main body on your own and then add the standard part files that are included in the tutorial.
Of course, it’s also good to encourage your students to get creative and customize their fidget spinner project, by changing the size, shape, color, or adding their name or a few more wings.
After designing the basic model, students will assemble their digitally designed models with the ball bearing and screws.par files that are included in the Fidget Spinner tutorial. By completing those steps, the design phase is complete, and students can save their files.
Turning ideas into reality through manufacturing
In the last part of the tutorial, you will learn how to create a drawing with 3 different views of your 3D CAD model. Typically, drawings are used as instruction guides for manufacturing.
In this tutorial, we are going to manufacture the fidget spinner by using a 3D printer. If you don’t have access to a 3D printer at your school, check out a local maker space, or an online 3D printing service. You then chose the option that fits best for you.
Preparing your design for printing
Typically, 3D printers only print STL files so students will need to export their Solid Edge .par file as an STL file before it is sent to the printer. In this step, students can scale their model up or down. However, it is important to make sure you position the virtual model in the simulated space of the 3D printing software to optimize your printing.
Tip: If students added their names on the main unit, make sure that the letters have a minimum thickness to be visible in a clear way after printing.
We hope you and your students enjoy working through this tutorial.
If you have questions as you work through the tutorial, feel free to connect with the Solid Edge online educator community to get support, or look for tips and tricks from other users.
And when you’ve completed the project, we invite you to post a review along with a picture to share your students’ success. Don’t forget to include the hashtag #solidedge4students in your post. Or, if you prefer, you can email your responses and pictures to us at firstname.lastname@example.org.
Good luck! And be sure to bookmark siemens.com/solid-edge-educator to access additional free resources and tutorials for educators and learning institutions throughout the school year. | <urn:uuid:ba43fd57-ace7-41f3-81c3-277e7a409c5e> | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | https://blogs.sw.siemens.com/academic/making-a-fidget-spinner-is-much-more-fun-than-buying-one/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224644683.18/warc/CC-MAIN-20230529042138-20230529072138-00734.warc.gz | en | 0.934607 | 904 | 3.21875 | 3 |
The Goose That Laid the Golden Eggs
Killing The Goose That Laid the Golden Eggs is among the best known of Aesop’s Fables and use of the phrase has become idiomatic of an unprofitable action motivated by greed.
The story and its moral
Avianus and Caxton tell different stories of a goose that lays a golden egg, where other versions have a hen, as in Townsend: “A cottager and his wife had a Hen that laid a golden egg every day. They supposed that the Hen must contain a great lump of gold in its inside, and in order to get the gold they killed it. Having done so, they found to their surprise that the Hen differed in no respect from their other hens. The foolish pair, thus hoping to become rich all at once, deprived themselves of the gain of which they were assured day by day.”
In early tellings, there is sometimes a commentary warning against greed rather than a pithy moral. This is so in Jean de La Fontaine‘s fable of La Poule aux oeufs d’or (Fables V.13), which begins with the sentiment that ‘Greed loses all by striving all to gain’ and comments at the end that the story can be applied to those who become poor by trying to outreach themselves. It is only later that the morals most often quoted today began to appear. These are ‘Greed oft o’er reaches itself’ (Joseph Jacobs, 1894) and ‘Much wants more and loses all’ (Samuel Croxall, 1722). It is notable also that these are stories told of a goose rather than a hen.
The English idiom, sometimes shortened to “Killing the golden goose”, derives from this fable. It is generally used of a short-sighted action that destroys the profitability of an asset. Caxton’s version of the story has the goose’s owner demand that it lay two eggs a day; when it replied that it could not, the owner killed it. The same lesson is taught by Ignacy Krasicki‘s fable of “The Farmer”:
A farmer, bent on doubling the profits from his land,
Proceeded to set his soil a two-harvest demand.
Too intent thus on profit, harm himself he must needs:
Instead of corn, he now reaps corn-cockle and weeds.
There is another variant on the story, recorded by Syntipas (42) and appearing in Roger L’Estrange‘s 1692 telling as “A Woman and a Fat Hen” (Fable 87): A good Woman had a Hen that laid her every day an Egg. Now she fansy’d to her self, that upon a larger Allowance of Corn, this Hen might be brought in time to lay twice a day. She try’d the Experiment; but the Hen grew fat upon’t, and gave quite over laying. His comment on this is that ‘we should set Bounds to our Desires, and content our selves when we are well, for fear of losing what we had.’ Another of Aesop’s fables with the moral of wanting more and losing everything is The Dog and the Bone.
An Eastern analogue is found in the Suvannahamsa Jataka, which appears in the fourth section of the Buddhist book of monastic discipline (Vinaya). In this the father of a poor family is reborn as a swan with golden feathers and invites them to pluck and sell a single feather from his wings to support themselves, returning occasionally to allow them another. The greedy mother of the family eventually plucks all the feathers at once, but they then turn to ordinary feathers; when the swan recovers its feathers they too are no longer gold. The moral drawn there is:
Contented be, nor itch for further store.
They seized the swan – but had its gold no more.
North of India, in the formerly Persian territory of Sogdiana, it was the Greek version of the story that was known. Among the 8th century murals in Panjakent, in the western Sugdh province of Tajikistan, there is a panel from room 1, sector 21, representing a series of scenes moving from right to left where it is possible to recognize the same person first in the act of checking a golden egg and later killing the animal in order to get more eggs, only to understand the stupidity of his idea at the very end of the sequence. A local version of the story still persists in the area but ends differently with the main character eventually becoming a king. | <urn:uuid:081dad7c-11d8-408a-8a8a-54a50f7430b5> | CC-MAIN-2018-09 | https://aesopsfables.wordpress.com/the-goose-that-laid-the-golden-eggs/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-09/segments/1518891812841.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20180219211247-20180219231247-00587.warc.gz | en | 0.971312 | 992 | 3.578125 | 4 |
Saturday: 10am-1pm and 2pm-4pm
Welcome to Southampton's Museum of Archaeology. The museum displays artefacts from prehistoric, Roman, Saxon and medieval Southampton. It also has objects from outside Southampton, including some from ancient Egypt. God's House Tower itself is a fascinating historic building.
The History of the Building
God's House Tower stands at the south-east corner of the town walls which had once encircled medieval Southampton. The whole structure is really an amalgamation of two buildings; a simple gatehouse, built in the late thirteenth century and extended in the early fourteenth century, and a massive spur work, an early fifteenth- century addition consisting of a two-storey gallery and a three-storey great tower.
For more about the history of God's House Tower, follow the link at the bottom of this page.
The Architecture - Exterior
Just visible under the arch of God's House Gate are the grooves of the portcullis which was raised and lowered in defence of the town. Also visible on the north and south walls of the Tower are the arches, now blocked in, which mark the position of the tidal moat and sluices. The vaulted sluice chamber, although not open to the public, still exists beneath the Tower.
In the upper storey of the Tower and the connecting gallery there are a series of two-light windows and keyhole-shaped gunports. The two-light windows in the gallery were unblocked in the late nineteenth century when the window tracery was also restored. The Tower roof is modern.
The Architecture - Interior
Prior to its restoration, the gallery was just a shell. Originally there had been a stone newel staircase to the floor above, but both the floor and stairs had long since disappeared. A modern staircase was built and a Mezzanine floor inserted between the two floors. At the top of the modern staircase, looking through the north-facing window, it is possible to see the line of the town wall and a fourteenth-century half-round tower. There still exists the remains of a mural stairway leading to a parapet above.
The Museum Displays
As Southampton's Museum of Archaeology it is appropriate that God's House Tower should illustrate the three important periods in the town's history: Roman, Saxon and Medieval.
Roman Clausentum (now Bitterne Manor) was founded as a port circa AD 1O. Among other things it exported lead from the Mendips. Towards the end of the third century it had become a fort and part of the coastal defences. The collections include examples of the distinctive New Forest Pottery, and glass and jewellery.
Saxon Hamwic , sited in the city's St. Mary's area, was the first of the great English mercantile towns and existed as an industrial and trade centre for approximately 150 years. The Hamwic exhibition at the museum attempts to re-create the daily life of the Saxon community.
Medieval Southampton probably acquired its present shape during the Norman period when the town defences were laid out. Documentary sources reinforce the archaeological evidence that Southampton was the home of numerous wealthy merchants. Collections on display include fine imported medieval pottery and glass.
For more information about the archaeology of Southampton and about museum objects from outside the city, including a collection of Egyptian artefacts, follow the links at the bottom of this page.
To search the archaeological collections, follow the link at the bottom of this page
Access Information for disabled visitors to the Museum
There is a designated parking bay immediately outside, however there is no wheelchair access to the museum, as all exhibits are on the upper floors of the building. Staircase information - 15 steps up to the first landing, and a further 7 steps up to the museum shop, and another 8 steps up to the 'Medieval Southampton' exhibition. There is a further step up to the 'Roman Clausentum' exhibition. From here there are 22 steps to the top of the tower. 12 steps reach the 'Saxon Hamwic' exhibition up from the shop area. Touch objects - please ask the attendants for access to our handling collections.
Exhibitions at Southampton Museums
Click here to take control of this listing | <urn:uuid:965df17a-ef0c-4a49-813b-adada68b666c> | CC-MAIN-2013-48 | http://www.remotegoat.com/uk/venue_view.php?uid=22071 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-48/segments/1386164997874/warc/CC-MAIN-20131204134957-00043-ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.954643 | 885 | 3.03125 | 3 |
“Our doubts are traitors,
And make us lose the good we oft might win
By fearing to attempt.” – William Shakespeare
Fear can be defined as an anxious feeling, caused by our anticipation of imagined, stories, events and experiences. Most of our fears are about the future.
When I took speech in college, I was excited and eager to learn. I’ve always been social and outgoing and I’ve lived a challenging and adventurous life. I thought my stories would interest and help others. I was ready to share.
The first time I stood up in front of the class, I was anxious and nervous. After about five minutes, I couldn’t go on. In front of everyone, my voice cracked and I began to cry. I quickly returned to my seat. I thought I would die from embarrassment.
I did not. I finished the class with a B and five years later, I wrote a book and joined Toastmasters. I learned how to be more confident, craft stories and hold the attention of an audience.
I went on to speak professionally to large audiences. My specialty was happiness in the workplace. If I would have quit after that first speech, I would have never progressed.
When we ignore and deny our fear, we become stuck in safety, misery, procrastination and predictability.
The key is to name, understand and embrace fear and then take smart actions steps to overcome it. The only way out of fear is through it.
10 Fears and Steps to Resolve Them
1. Fear of intimacy
You are afraid of commitment, allowing others to get close to you or you fear getting too close to others.
Action step: Honor who you are, take off your mask, be vulnerable and reveal the real you. Commit to more offline face-to-face connection.
2. Fear of public speaking
This is the fear of humiliation, being ridiculed, looking stupid and making a mistake or being judged.
Action step: Join Toastmasters. Research, write and prepare your first speech. Practice, practice, practice. Give your first speech in front of family or close friends. Don’t worry, you won’t die.
3. Fear of forgiving others
You fear being hurt again. You’re attached to your story and being right. You think if you forgive someone, they win and you lose.
Action step: Stop reliving what happened. Write down the payoff for your resentment. Be willing to let go of the past. Forgive, bless and move on.
4. Fear of success
You fear making mistakes. You fear the added responsibility that success will bring. You fear people may expect something different from you.
Action step: Figure out your big why and remind yourself of it often. View mistakes as learning opportunities. Learn to expect the best. Believe that the best is yet to come.
5. Fear of networking
You are uncomfortable being in groups. It’s a fear of not feeling good enough, smart enough, or very physically attractive. You fear drawing a blank or not having the best social skills.
Action step: Networking is more than being social. It’s about building relationships and connection. It’s a skill to be learned and practiced. Research it, talk to others about it, practice it and make it fun.
6. Fear of being broke
You believe in lack and scarcity. You focus on not having enough. You’ve probably survived being broke before. The worst case scenario is you’ll have to do it again.
Action step: Make a list of people who would help you if you go broke. Stop paying attention to all forms of negative media or you’ll end of believing the world is coming to an end. Believe the world is plotting to do you good. Look for proof.
7. Fear of not being good enough
You feel separate from and less than others. This kind of suffering comes from comparing yourself to others. Put yourself on equal ground. That’s where you belong!
Action step: Own your brilliance and greatness. Build your self-confidence by doing scary things. You don’t have to change a thing to be good enough.
8. Fear of rejection
This fear begins in childhood. When someone rejects you, it’s about them, how you react is about you. Rejection doesn’t mean that you’re unlovable. It means something or someone isn’t the right fit.
Action step: Go back in your mind and tell your younger self that everything will be OK. Figure out how you reject yourself. Learn to treasure who you are.
9. Fear of learning something new
You feel inadequate. You don’t believe that you’re capable. You believe that doing new things has to be a struggle.
Action step: Make a list of your past successes. Get a mentor. Learn something fun. Take a dance class, cooking class or learn how to play a musical instrument. Give yourself permission to be a beginner.
10. Fear of failure
Fear of failure is fear change and fear of the unknown. If you don’t act, you’ll miss out on marvelous opportunities. Every successful person has experienced failure.
Action step: View life as a bold and wild adventure. Life is stuffed with beauty and tragedy. Stay present and breathe through it all. Hold onto your seat and enjoy the ride.
Photo by martinak15 | <urn:uuid:81bdacd7-6cbb-4490-aad5-37db579f5ef2> | CC-MAIN-2014-10 | http://www.thechangeblog.com/common-fears/?adclick=2 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-10/segments/1394010951612/warc/CC-MAIN-20140305091551-00016-ip-10-183-142-35.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.951227 | 1,146 | 2.53125 | 3 |
The Art of Teaching Music
Publication Year: 2008
The Art of Teaching Music takes up important aspects of the art of music teaching ranging from organization to serving as conductor to dealing with the disconnect between the ideal of university teaching and the reality in the classroom. Writing for both established teachers and instructors on the rise, Estelle R. Jorgensen opens a conversation about the life and work of the music teacher. The author regards music teaching as interrelated with the rest of lived life, and her themes encompass pedagogical skills as well as matters of character, disposition, value, personality, and musicality. She reflects on musicianship and practical aspects of teaching while drawing on a broad base of theory, research, and personal experience. Although grounded in the practical realities of music teaching, Jorgensen urges music teachers to think and act artfully, imaginatively, hopefully, and courageously toward creating a better world.
Published by: Indiana University Press
Download PDF (478.2 KB)
I have oft en remarked to my students on the similarity of teaching and music. In thinking of teaching as an art and craft , I see teaching as a metaphor for music and music as a metaphor for teaching. Th is double-metaphor may not seem, at least superficially, to get us very far. ...
Download PDF (608.0 KB)
The role of teacher is one of many facets of our lives or one of several functions that we fulfill as human beings. It is important to discover what it is to be a teacher and what place this persona will play in the totality of our lives. How we conceive of this function and its location in lived life ...
Download PDF (661.7 KB)
All that we do as musician- teachers is driven by matters of value and the particular things that we prize. Lately, there has been a lot of political and religious talk in the United States about values.1 The prejudicial ways in which this word has too oft en been used as a code for certain beliefs that are held to be immutable and that may reflect the views of a limited spectrum of society make me uneasy. ...
Download PDF (698.9 KB)
People tend to act in particular ways almost habitually, unconsciously, or naturally. Thinking holistically about a teacher’s disposition is important, but it is also crucial to consider some of the specific dispositions that are needed for teaching. By the word disposition, I mean the tendency to act or ...
Download PDF (685.3 KB)
When I first began to teach, I gave relatively little thought to defending my judgments about my teaching and the achievements of my students. I had reasons for my decisions and actions, and I was intent on designing and implementing instructional programs that would entice my students by a variety of means to learn what I had to teach them. Students, parents and ...
Download PDF (616.2 KB)
Musical instruction generally occurs in large and small groups. Whether with a studio class in which a handful of students are gathered to listen and play, or an orchestra, band, or choir, a music teacher oft en works with groups. Even where a tradition of private studio lessons has emerged as a basis for performance instruction, much can be gained by thinking of a ...
Download PDF (630.9 KB)
As a music teacher, I think of myself as a musician—a maker of music. Even though I no longer perform publicly, this persona shaped my earlier life and the way I think about music teaching. I suppose I was a musician before I was a teacher, and I do not remember a time in which I was without music in my life. Th e story of becoming a musician is inevitably that ...
Download PDF (731.5 KB)
Musicians work primarily with sounds that are instrumental and vocal, acoustic and electronically generated, composed, improvised, and performed, and heard in live and recorded performances, where music is both the focus of and ancillary to social events. It is important, therefore, to think about the various ways in which these sounds are heard. ...
Download PDF (754.1 KB)
Music needs to be brought alive through performance. We may hear music imaginatively without needing to hear it as phenomenal sound; however, we hope ultimately to hear music performed or realized sonically. John Cage’s 4'33", a piece consisting of silence, is a statement of this reality.1 Its meaning depends on indeterminacy in which the silences within which a ...
Download PDF (697.9 KB)
Thinking about composing from a teacher’s perspective requires focusing on the act of composing and its relationship to performing and listening, and the ways in which composing can be fostered throughout music education, from elementary to advanced levels of instruction. Composing is one of the least- emphasized aspects of musical instruction in general ...
Download PDF (618.4 KB)
We cannot teach effectively unless we have tidy minds and can successfully manage time, space, instructional resources, and personnel in our instructional situation. I refer to the instructional situation because it is very varied. Examples include a shaded area under a tree, home setting, studio, school room, church, synagogue, temple, concert hall, or opera house, to ...
Download PDF (621.0 KB)
One of the crucial decisions we make as musician- teachers is to lay out a plan for how we will teach our students, how we will interact with them, and what we will accomplish together. Confronted with the challenge of students who wish to study with us or classes of students whom we have been assigned to teach, it can be tempting to skip right to the most ...
Download PDF (840.0 KB)
Instruction occurs at the point at which our plans and ideas about what we wish to do or think we might be able to accomplish as teachers meet the realities of our interaction with our students. We may encounter students one by one and in groups of various sizes. They come from many different countries, ethnicities, and linguistic and cultural traditions and ...
Download PDF (705.8 KB)
As musician- teachers, we deal especially with the imagination.1 Whether concerning aspects of musical performing, listening, composing, improvising, or the various educational activities of working with colleagues and students, we prompt imaginative thought and action. What do we mean by imagination? Can and should it be educated and even re- educated? If so, ...
Download PDF (735.6 KB)
Reflecting on how things are and how they have been during a working lifetime brings me to crucial matters regarding the reality of music teaching from my own vantage point. Whether we are just beginning or further along the road as teachers, facing the reality of teaching is important in determining what we are to do in the future. Recently, a young teacher told ...
Download PDF (478.8 KB)
Thinking about the various aspects of music teaching about which I have written in this book, I pause to reflect on the themes that seem to recur. Excavating beneath what lies on the surface enables us to see things that might otherwise disappear from view. These leavings may be what Paulo Freire means when he talks of “generative themes,” or the ideas that drive ...
Download PDF (1.4 MB)
Download PDF (711.8 KB)
Page Count: 368
Publication Year: 2008 | <urn:uuid:6df6b685-911d-4dfc-b51c-be2e66fea2b7> | CC-MAIN-2015-48 | http://muse.jhu.edu/books/9780253000200 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-48/segments/1448398445080.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20151124205405-00159-ip-10-71-132-137.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.956825 | 1,531 | 2.828125 | 3 |
At the United Nations meeting in New York late last month, attendees started to refer to the new Sustainable Development Goals by a different name. The aims morphed into the Global Goals for sustainable development, or just Global Goals.
Whatever we call them, if the goals are to achieve what they set out to, the next few weeks will be crucial. At the end of this month, a UN expert group will meet to try to agree on how to measure progress — and success or failure.
Each of the 17 goals is made up of several targets — 169 in all. Global Goal 3, for example — to “ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages” — includes a target to achieve universal health coverage (UHC). UHC is something that the World Health Organization has been pushing for since 2005, asking all countries to provide comprehensive health care for all citizens at an affordable cost.
The UN is exploring having each of these 169 targets judged against two 'indicators'. But what can best indicate UHC? Unlike the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) that preceded them, the Global Goals focus on both rich and poor countries. 'Universal' really must mean everyone.
“No other health intervention reaches so many people.”
One way to indicate progress towards UHC is to measure access to health interventions. But which treatments should we choose? Shine the spotlight on one and another is cast into the shadows. And how important is it for everyone to have access to the same treatments anyway? A child with type 1 diabetes growing up in Kansas clearly does not need the same access to mosquito nets as a child living in Somalia. And should we judge the health of the Somalian child on the basis of their access to blood-glucose monitoring?
Given the challenge of trying to capture this complexity in a single measure, the UN is exploring having an indicator for UHC that is broken down into sub-indicators, which it calls tracers. Possible tracers include access to treatments for tuberculosis, hypertension and diabetes, as well as access to antiretroviral therapy and preventative measures for neglected tropical diseases. Others include improved sanitation, having a skilled attendant present during births, provision of insecticide-treated bed nets and access to full childhood immunization. In some countries, the list could extend to mental-health provision, treatment for cataracts, palliative care and other interventions.
At first glance, the list looks balanced. It reflects a good cross-section of disease burden, and each tracer can be monitored with relative ease using existing data sources such as health records or ones that can be readily set up, including household surveys. But does the list ensure the true health of a population?
Even if all countries made all these interventions available, it would not necessarily mean that people were healthier. The fact that someone is in need of care suggests that they are not healthy, possibly because the system has in some way failed to prevent an illness.
With so many Global Goal targets — the eight MDGs had just 21 — there has been pressure on the UN to reduce the number of indicators. For UHC, one indicator is likely to be concerned with 'affordability', meaning that it is possible that all the chosen interventions, including those mentioned above, will be bundled into a single indicator.
This is a difficult problem. Even the common definition of 'health' as a state free from injury or disease is disputed by some. So it is no surprise that measuring health is fraught with problems. In trying to encompass this complexity, the UN risks creating an indicator that merely measures service coverage of a few selected therapeutic interventions.
Universal coverage is a means towards better health, but is not an end in itself. We should not be measuring health by access to treatments such as nicotine replacement therapy and lung surgery. Instead, we should be looking at tobacco control and other measures aimed at reducing smoking uptake in the first place.
A true indicator of UHC should be an intervention that every country can readily measure, that speaks to equitable access and quality, and that will reliably ensure the health of a population. Immunization is such an indicator. (Some data are missing, but all countries have agreed to work towards measuring vaccination rates.)
That is why some voices, including that of my organization, Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, are calling for the Global Goals framework to make full childhood immunization a separate ambitious indicator of UHC in its own right.
More than 30 vaccine doses are administered globally every second. No other health intervention reaches so many people, or is capable of preventing such a diverse range of public-health concerns — from virulent infectious diseases such as measles, to cervical and liver cancer. And at the same time, it helps to identify worrying trends in rich countries — such as the drop in immunizations in parts of California to levels on a par with South Sudan, which has led to outbreaks in recent years.
If immunization is not made a separate indicator, then the UN should make clear that some of the tracers on its long list — including immunization — carry more weight than others. After all, as the old adage goes, when it comes to health, an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure. | <urn:uuid:6b2359d7-3ff3-4e34-8229-fbc4b06df809> | CC-MAIN-2020-29 | http://www.wifi-tv.org/tech-news/11179-make-vaccine-coverage-a-key-un-health-indicator.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593655883961.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20200704011041-20200704041041-00029.warc.gz | en | 0.959714 | 1,074 | 3.59375 | 4 |
What Are the Duties of a Forensic Specialist?
A forensic specialist's job duties depend on his area of expertise. Some specialists spend their entire day in a lab, while others spend their days visiting crime scenes in search of evidence. Most specialize in a single area of forensic investigation, such as analyzing fingerprints or photographing crime scenes. You will likely need at least a Bachelor's degree to become a forensic specialist, according to U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Identifying and Gathering Evidence
Some forensic specialists (or forensics experts), called crime scene investigators or crime scene technicians, focus solely on collecting evidence at crime scenes. They sometimes take direction from detectives at the scene, but officers also rely on their judgment and expertise. Crime scene investigators have extensive training in what makes a piece of evidence relevant, and how they can remove it from the scene without damaging it or hindering the detectives' investigation.
Extensive record-keeping is crucial at every stage of a criminal investigation. If new investigators are assigned to a case, they must be able to look at the case files and learn everything they need to help them get up to speed on the investigation. When crime scene investigators collect evidence from the scene, they make detailed notes describing the evidence, including its appearance and location.
They may also draw sketches of the scene, noting the locations of all evidence collected. Crime scene photographers are forensic specialists who create a visual record of the scene. They take photos of the entire scene, including the victim's body and weapons or other evidence. They take photographs from multiple angles and perspectives so that investigators, prosecutors and jurors can envision the scene.
Forensics job description includes preserving the integrity of the evidence they handle, whether they're removing it from the scene of a crime or analyzing it under a microscope. Forensic specialists place evidence in sealed packaging, and anyone who works with the evidence must re-seal and sign and date this packaging.
This documentation, frequently referred to as the "chain of evidence," offers a record of everyone who handled the evidence. If investigators don't preserve this record, defense attorneys could claim the evidence was contaminated or mishandled, and that it should not be used in court against the suspect.
Other functions of forensic scientists include focusing on analyzing evidence, sometimes never visiting a crime scene. Instead, they may work in crime labs where they compare fingerprints, test samples for bodily fluids such as blood, and examine weapons and bullets. They nearly always focus on a single aspect of forensic investigation, according to Study.com.
A ballistics expert, for example, examines bullet fragments to determine what kind of gun fired them, and compares bullets used in a crime to those fired by a suspect's gun. He would not, however, compare DNA samples or fingerprints. A forensic biologist might test blood or urine samples for drugs or toxins, but would not compare fingerprints or examine weapons.
After a forensic specialist completes his analysis of a sample, he must summarize his findings and conclusions in a written report, which another specialist reviews and either verifies or disputes. Detectives use these reports to aid in their investigations, and prosecutors frequently present them as evidence in court.
Because of this, and because investigators may be unable to re-test samples later, the analyst's report must provide a thorough description of the sample, the tests conducted on it and how the evidence relates to the crime. In addition, prosecutors sometimes ask forensic analysts to testify in court and explain their findings to the jury. | <urn:uuid:8d3b17cf-368b-49f6-9653-3c89e0dee40b> | CC-MAIN-2021-31 | https://work.chron.com/duties-forensic-specialist-14571.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-31/segments/1627046154798.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20210804080449-20210804110449-00115.warc.gz | en | 0.951313 | 705 | 3.0625 | 3 |
Plastic initially entered being as a light-weight and resilient building product throughout World War II. As an increasing number of use this product began being found, plastic became part of the business market with a vengeance. Today, one crucial use of this chemical is in the flooring market through plastic flooring ceramic tiles.
While every maker has their own exclusive solution for creating plastic floor tiles, in its fundamental character, the item is made by utilizing additives to plastic resin, such as – plasticizers, stabilizers, pigments, and also fillers.
Plastic resin together with these ingredients is called plastic compound in industry parlance. There are two techniques of generating floor tiles from this compound:
· The compound is warmed to a heat, and the fluid poured in mold and mildews
· The compound is fed via a series of rollers that progressively press the product to just the scale needed for that set. This method is called “calendaring”, which is an one-of-a-kind feature of the vinyl substance. The sheet therefore created undertakes a finishing suggested to improve resistance to discolorations and also abrasions.
Plastic floor tiles are categorized right into the following:
· Plastic Composite Ceramic Tile (VCT): this tile type has a greater percent of fillers and also additives.
· Strong Plastic: this certain floor tile type includes greater plastic material (so is a purer type of plastic).
In the VCT, for example, manufacturers include a printed design layer produced with a rotogravure printing process. This design layer is what gives the vinyl flooring tiles those beautiful layouts and also colors as well as shimmer, making them eye-catching. It remains in VCT again that manufacturers sheath a high-performance “wear” layer ahead, in order to stand up to heavy duty web traffic.
Depending on the composition of the material, vinyl tiles tend to have variation in attributes, leading to selections in terms of whether an offered tile is basically suitable to be set up in a cellar, bathroom, or entrance .
Actually, it was the versatility of VCT that caught the attention of the general public when it was first offered at an Exposition in Chicago throughout the World War II days.
Qualities of Plastic Flooring Tiles
· Ruggedness: Plastic flooring ceramic tiles with thick-enough wear layers can endure one of the most punishing of traffic as well as hefty weight. Their resistance to moisture and also stain makes them a great candidate for mounting in such locations as the cellar, kitchen or the bathroom. The ceramic tiles are also neutral to usual reagents such as alkalis, acids, aliphatic hydrocarbons and the like. Specific fragrant hydrocarbons could soften the tiles to some extent. Depending upon where and exactly how exactly you prepare to use them, you may adopt the ideal ceramic tiles for your installment.
· Variety of styles: Thanks to technology, vinyl flooring ceramic tiles could mimic the feel and look of timber or ceramic floorings, yet at significantly less price compared to these much more pricey counterparts. It is extremely easy to cut the floor tiles and also provide any shape; so the floor can be developed into a mosaic of layouts and also art. Business logos can be planted on the flooring via plastic floor tiles. Direction indicators can be fertilized on the floor using this product … the checklist is as endless as your creativity.
· Direct exposure to sunshine: Continual direct exposure over a time period to strong sunshine can fade out the best of shade pigments in the tiles. This factor has to be remembered while installing vinyl ceramic tile floor covering in areas with big windows enabling sunrays within.
· Application in sports centers: The cost of establishing sporting activities facilities can be additional reduced by changing expensive flooring alternatives with plastic ceramic tile floor coverings. Vinyl flooring tiles do not require waxing. Plus, you can repaint all the lines that your sports require on them without any worries. Unique VCT items have foam pillow backing layer in them, which can lower effect shock and also for that reason trigger less tiredness to the running and leaping legs. The bounce of the round will certainly be that much sharper, thanks to the natural rebound created by these ceramic tiles.
It is not for absolutely nothing that these floor tiles are called “Durability floor tiles”. They tend to bounce back from whatever impact and pressure they go through, whether through steps or static load. A few various other remarkable attributes of this product are as complies with:
· Muffling of audio: Plastic floor tiles are better with the ability of subduing mirrors developed as a result of the stomping of feet on the ground. You can additionally go in for underlayments that could better snuff out acoustics when this is your utmost problem (you do not want tramp sound to distract).
Expense & Installment
Plastic floor ceramic tiles are valued anywhere from 29 cents to 4 bucks per square feet. The price is reliant on the tile’s color, style and also thickness.
Mounting these floor tiles can be a straightforward DIY affair, if you are so inclined. You can get glueless tiles which feature a rolled underlayment that by itself has a sticky which could stick to the back layer of the floor tiles. Or you could go with the peel ‘n stick version where there is a peel on the back layer which can peeled, and also the floor tile positioned on the flooring.
Limitations of Use
Some of its core staminas make plastic flooring tiles susceptible too. While VCTs are the in-thing for household kitchen areas, a various quality of floor covering is asked for in industrial kitchen setups.
One more restriction of vinyl floor ceramic tiles is their susceptibility to impression because of long-term placement of heavy, static lots (such as heavy furnishings) on them. A space where there is a consistent website traffic of rolling tons (such as horizontal drums in a storage place for instance) will certainly find the vinyl floor tiles giving way a bit as well quickly.
It is not for nothing that these tiles are called “Durability tiles”. · Variety of styles: Many thanks to modern technology, vinyl floor ceramic tiles can copy the look and feeling of wood or ceramic floors, yet at substantially much less expense than these a lot more costly equivalents. Business logos can be grown on the flooring with plastic floor ceramic tiles. · Durability: Plastic flooring tiles with thick-enough wear layers could hold up against the most punishing of traffic as well as hefty weight. You can buy glueless floor tiles which come with a rolled underlayment that in itself has a sticky which could stick to the back layer of the ceramic tiles.
Plastic floor tiles are a good value for cash. These ceramic tiles currently are available in a limitless variety of colors, features as well as styles, so one can pick and choose the best item that fits both their needs and their spending plan. | <urn:uuid:034e8eb2-fd11-488b-9080-181a97ebaf9b> | CC-MAIN-2018-39 | http://festivalsalsacali.com/probably-outrageous-beautiful-vinyl-flooring-vinyl-flooring-vs-tile-pic/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267162385.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20180925182856-20180925203256-00127.warc.gz | en | 0.95665 | 1,436 | 2.671875 | 3 |
Introduction to Hydrogen Therapy
About 3.6 billion years ago hydrogen played multiple roles in the genesis of cellular life. Now, all these years later, hydrogen is at the forefront of biomedical and anti-aging research. The rates of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity and many neurological disorders such as autism, ADD, depression, Alzheimer’s, etc. are disturbingly high. The need for a natural and safe approach that brings the body back to health and can maintain it has never been greater. Scientific research on molecular hydrogen suggests that this long overlooked molecule may be the key to a revolution in health and wellness in many different areas.
Hydrogen gas (H2) is the smallest molecule in the universe, about half the size of oxygen (O2), which gives it the highest cellular bio-availability more than any other nutrient, supplement or drug. Hydrogen can rapidly diffuse throughout the body, right into cells and organelles such as the mitochondria. It can also easily pass through the blood brain barrier. This makes H 2 is the most powerful antixidant that scavenges damaging free radicals such as hydroxyl ions. It also boosts the activity of the body's natural anti-oxidants such as Glutathione ans Superoxide dismutase.
As a result, Hydrogen Therapy has become a hot research area for the prevention and treatment of a variety of diseases - particularly those associated with Oxidative Stress caused by free radicals - also known as ROS (reactive oxygen species) and inflammation. The diagram below sgives some examples if diseases in different organs than originate from damage caused by ROS.
So far, over 500 papers in peer-reviewed scientific and medical journals, including in vitro and animal studies, plus some clinical trials in humans, have already been published. Diseases that may be beneficially affected by hydrogen therapy include, to name but a few, atherosclerosis, ischemia-reperfusion injury (as occurs in heart attacks and strokes), diabetes, stress-induced cognitive impairments, Parkinson’s disease (as shown in animal models), Alzheimer's, Autism and various aspects of the Metabolic Syndrome (e.g., insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, and endothelial function).
Molecular Hydrogen has also been identified in terms of benefitting performance in athletes and also to minimise damage sustain by injury. The most important aspect of this is the ability to reduce inflammation and tissue damage in the brain as a result of concussion. In sports such as Rugby and combat sports - Boxing, MMA and full-contact martial arts etc repetitive minor traumas have been shown to cause Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy that can become clinically evident and debilitating in later life many years after stopping the sport.
Purative's Active H2 tablets are the latest development for adding Molecular Hydrogen to pure water. Active H2 provides abundant quantities of negative hydrogen ions that are only usually and uniquely found in fresh, raw, living foods. These are essential to any serious Oxidative Stress reduction program.
A unique and patent-pending combination of all-natural minerals are the only active ingredients of Active H2 that transforms your bottle of water into 10,000,000,000,000,000,000 (1019) antioxidant, free-radical scavenging electrons!
Each bottle contains 60 x 450mg tablets giving the following properties
- -700 mV ORP in 1 litre of pure water
- a 1.6+ ppm super-saturated hydrogen solution. This is at least twice as much as any other hydrogen-generating supplement, and 3+ times more than expensive water ionizers.
- Increases cellular hydration
- Regular use heightens physical and mental energy
- Supports mitochondrial ATP production
- Alkalizing minerals including magnesium
Simply adding 1 x tablet of Active H2 to a 500ml bottle of water and letting it dissolve completely provides sufficient Molecular Hydrogen to super-saturate the water. To start receiving the benefits of Molecular Hydrogen, simply drink the hydrogen-enriched water.
Get Active H2 now and start receiving the health benefits that Hydrogen Therapy has to offer. | <urn:uuid:54e587e2-7a27-4f26-aeaa-af0f45101985> | CC-MAIN-2018-17 | http://naturalhealingsolutions.info/products/active-h2 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-17/segments/1524125948464.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20180426183626-20180426203626-00273.warc.gz | en | 0.934343 | 851 | 3.1875 | 3 |
The Carpinteria Tar Pits are spatially diffuse. They are not a single location, but can refer to the park that stretches the bluffs, the Sattler and Alcatraz Mines themselves, or the assortment of Tar Pit markers, signs, and exhibits that enable popular consumption of the pits and are likely visitors’ primary and most extensive engagement with the pits qua pits.
Humans probably arrived in California 15,000 years ago. Whether these early settlers were ancestors of the Chumash that Spanish explorers encountered, or migrated from elsewhere more recently is difficult to say. As Brian Fagan has pointed out, the word “Chumash,” coined by geologist John Powell, referred to (in Fagan’s words) “an amorphous diversity of…groups in the Santa Barbara region who shared some common culture or language.” Asphalt mining boomed from about 1890 to 1910, when asphalt from Carpinteria paved avenues across the country. The business collapsed when a trust bought most of the world’s mines and shut down almost all of them. Parts of the former mines were then used as a dump by local residents. In 1932, Carpinteria State Beach was established, and in its early years maintained by the Civilian Conservation Corps; more land was added in the succeeding decades.
In our exploration of the pits, we walked east. It had rained the night before, and the morning was cool, so the tar was hard and immobile when we found it, and it did not smell. When we approached the remains of the mine to photograph the Lovecraftian, whirling pitch and examine the brick and lumber leftover from the mining days, a young woman was sitting on the far end, and did not seem to be bothered with the texture. Farther down on the bluffs, the tar was sticky in places, the beach covered with structures built of driftwood, striking to see against the looming spectre of the Chevron Pier in the distance at the terminus of Dump Road. The pier did not appear on Google Maps. It was unsearchable and, thanks to a Cornwall Security patrol car, unassailable.
At the other end of the park, tourists are not allowed. Winding one’s way along the bluff to the far side, one finds themselves at an impasse: a sign that reads “Private Property”, an orange sandwich board sign that blocks an animal run, and a chain strung across the way. They do not want visitors here. For at the east end of the Carpinteria Tar Pits Park, where Alcatraz Mine used to be, we find ourselves at the Chevron Pier Parking Lot. And here on the other side of the chain is an old office chair, a tin casserole dish that’s gathered water from last night’s rain, and a puddle, looking out to the empty side of the parking lot. Chevron is here to decommission the processing plant. We are on the way to abandonment. And from this picture it seems we’ve already arrived.
The Carpinteria Tar Pits provide a highly unusual sensory experience. The visuals of the site seem to be drowned out by what surrounds it: the more visually appealing ocean, the vibrant tidepools, and the "nature walk" that carves its way through the tar pits with soft promises of meditation and relaxation. Dutifully, we don't see the oil platforms in the distance, the oil processing drum at the end of Dump Road. Despite the high visual currency surrounding the tar pits, the tar pit site itself doesn't actually offer much to look at. The most memorable sensual experience of the tar pits is the one that tourists are often warned against: touching the tar, playing with its stickiness in your hands, and experiencing the difficulty of removing it from your skin.
MORE on the Carpinteria Tar Pits:
- Tar Pits Park Statistical Analysis and Data Visualization: A short statistical paper designed to investigate the relationships between the way visitors talk about the pits and the star ratings that those reviewers give the parks on Trip Advisor.
- Field Notes: Field notes taken during Mariah Clegg’s Thanksgiving Day, November 22nd, 2018, bicycle trip to the Carpinteria Tar Pits.
- Carpinteria Archival Documents: a selection of archival documents on the Carpinteria tar pits. | <urn:uuid:a39e45e9-4750-467b-8647-0f58dfce76a0> | CC-MAIN-2019-39 | http://scalar.usc.edu/works/a-field-guide-to-oil-in-santa-barbara/coal-oil-point.36 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-39/segments/1568514574588.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20190921170434-20190921192434-00425.warc.gz | en | 0.953987 | 921 | 2.8125 | 3 |
This is Sections 13.1, 13.2, and 13.3 of the Laser Optics Resource Guide.
Detailed descriptions of dispersion and how it significantly affects ultrafast laser systems can be found in our Dispersion and Ultrafast Dispersion application notes. The positive chirp, or dispersion, introduced by most optical media in ultrafast systems can be compensated for using optical components, such as highly-dispersive mirrors, that feature negative dispersion. This gives short wavelengths a higher phase velocity than that of long wavelengths, which balances out the positive chirp and compresses the pulse duration (Figure 1).
Figure 1: Highly-dispersive mirrors and other pulse compressing optics introduce negative dispersion, canceling out the positive dispersion experienced by ultrafast laser pulses as they transmit through optical media
Earlier Methods of Dispersion Compensation
Several different types of pulse compressing optics were traditionally used in ultrafast systems before the introduction of highly-dispersive mirrors including prisms, gratings, Gires-Tournois interferometer (GTI) mirrors, and chirped mirrors.
Dispersive Prisms and Gratings
Several prisms and gratings with negative dispersion can be introduced into ultrafast laser systems to balance out positive chirp and compress pulse duration (Figure 2). Dispersive prisms tend to be bulky setups that take up a lot of space. Both dispersive prisms and gratings also typically have low throughput, high sensitivity to alignment and separation distance, and a large amount of third-order dispersion, which increases temporal broadening.
Figure 2: While prisms and gratings can be used for pulse compression, they face a number of disadvantages compared to highly-dispersive mirrors
Gires-Tournois Interferometer Mirrors
It is necessary to understand Gires-Tournois interferometer (GTI) mirrors to understand how highly-dispersive mirrors function. Gires-Tournois interferometers are standing-wave resonators which use a highly-reflective GTI mirror to generate chromatic dispersion. The phase of light reflected by GTI mirrors is wavelength-dependent due to resonance in the mirror’s coating, allowing GTI mirrors to provide angle-dependent negative GDD for ultrafast intracavity dispersion control. However, GTI mirrors introduce some high-order dispersion and they only provide negative GDD over a limited wavelength range.
It is also important to understand chirped mirrors to fully understand highly-dispersive mirrors. Unlike GTI mirrors, which provide negative GDD using a resonance effect, chirped mirrors introduce a controlled negative GDD by a wavelength-dependent penetration depth into the mirror’s coating. Typical dielectric mirrors are designed to reflect one particular wavelength, while every coating layer in a chirped mirror is designed to reflect a different wavelength. The thickness of coating layers increases from the external mirror surface to the bottom layer, causing long wavelengths to penetrate deeper into the coating and experience longer path lengths than shorter wavelengths, counteracting positive dispersion (Figure 3).
Figure 3: The variable layer thickness of chirped mirrors causes negative dispersion
Unfortunately, the sharp transitions between different layer thicknesses in this simple dielectric structure causes oscillations in group delay dispersion (GDD) as a function of wavelength (Figure 4).
Figure 4: Oscillations in the GDD of an ultrafast chirped mirror due to the discrete switching between different layer thicknesses
Ultrafast highly-dispersive mirrors combine wavelength-dependent penetration, similar to that of chirped mirrors, with a multi-resonance effect in the coating known as multi-GTI.1 This combination counters both the bandwidth limitations of traditional GTI mirrors and the GDD oscillations of chirped mirrors. Highly-dispersive mirrors also provide high throughput, zero third-order dispersion, and negative GDD with a large magnitude, making them ideal pulse compressing optics for ultrafast systems (Figure 5 and Figure 6).
Figure 5: In additional to negative dispersion for ultrafast pulse compression, highly-dispersive mirrors provide high reflectivities to maximize throughput
Figure 6: Ultrafast highly-dispersive mirrors offer negative GDD with a high magnitude and far less wavelength-dependent oscillation than chirped mirrors
The several advantages of ultrafast highly-dispersive mirrors over traditional chirped and GTI mirrors have made them essential elements of ultrafast laser setups. They are highly advantageous for applications in high-energy ultrafast pulse generation that require a negative GDD with a large magnitude. These mirrors allow for pulse compression without increasing the number of bounces off dispersive mirrors, which limits the alignment sensitivity and round-trip losses.
Chirped Mirror Pairs
As shown earlier, highly-dispersive mirrors avoid the third- and higher-order dispersion experienced by traditional compression methods such as gratings and prisms. However, they experience GDD oscillations over bandwidths greater than 100nm, as shown in Figure 4. Chirped mirror pairs may be a better solution for applications where these applications would be detrimental. The mirrors in a chirped mirror pair are chosen to have out-of-phase GDD oscillations, leading to an overall oscillation-free GDD over a large bandwidth (Figure 7). This allows for compression of pulse durations down to <3 fs.
Figure 7: Two chirped mirrors with out-of-phase GDD oscillations are paired to result in a nearly oscillation-free total GDD over a very wide range of wavelengths. "L" and "S" are used to distinguish the mirrors
Highly-Dispersive Mirrors from Edmund Optics®
Webinar Recording: Ultrafast Optics: Challenges and Solutions
- Pervak, V., et al. "High-Dispersive Mirrors for Femtosecond Lasers." Optics Express, vol. 16, no. 14, 2008, pp. 10220–10233., doi:10.1364/oe.16.010220.
- Ultrafast Dispersion Application Note
- Highly-Dispersive Ultrafast Mirrors for Dispersion Compensation Video
- Ultrafast Lasers – The Basic Principles of Ultrafast Coherence Application Note
- LIDT for Ultrafast Lasers Application Note
- Trending in Optics: Reflective Laser Beam Shaping
- Trending in Optics: Ultrafast Highly-Dispersive Mirrors
- Laser Optics Lab Video Series | <urn:uuid:987f990b-38f0-4e8e-bcd9-dd7b6b7c5e23> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.edmundoptics.com/knowledge-center/application-notes/lasers/highly-dispersive-mirrors/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233511106.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20231003124522-20231003154522-00285.warc.gz | en | 0.863272 | 1,391 | 3.4375 | 3 |
A Personal Canon: Eric Mumford on Five Influential Texts
Here is my selection of five books that have defined and redefined urbanism since 1850…
Camillo Sitte, City Building according to artistic principles (1889)
As an arts and crafts educator in Vienna in the 1880s, concerned about what he saw as the soulless and mechanical extensions of European cities, Sitte first put forward the idea that urban areas could be consciously designed to produce emotional and esthetic effects. He argued that such artistically designed areas, often evoking enclosed medieval town squares, should be built to allow for some respite from the many then-new commercially oriented housing and retail areas, whose design was then being codified as the profession of Städtebau (City Building).
Raymond Unwin, Town Planning in Practice (1909)
By 1900, both Sitte’s work and the more technical Germanic focus on legislating urban and suburban form became influential on the emerging field of town planning in Britain, initially inspired by Ebenezer Howard’s Garden City idea. In that context, Unwin brought together Howard’s vision of self-contained live-work communities of 32,000 people each, surrounded by farm fields and natural areas and linked together by rail lines, with both Sir Patrick Geddes’s ideas of bio-regionalism, and the technical and aesthetic aspects of Städtebau. Unwin’s Town Planning in Practice went beyond Sitte’s rather narrow focus on the design of enclosed plazas, like those of medieval Italian and Germanic cities, to offer strategies for designing a range of affordable working class housing types, organized in groups with ample green space, sited within larger urban environments linked by transportation.
Unwin’s work was contemporary with the first large scale planning legislation in the English speaking world, the starting point for much later planning. These efforts were intended to insure sunlight, ventilation, and access to recreation for all, at a time when most industrial workers lived in overcrowded and unsanitary housing without plumbing, close to smoky factories. They were the basis for the British town planning legislation of 1909, and they significantly changed the course of urban development worldwide thereafter. These ideas then also strongly influenced the more architecturally and politically radical modern architecture that was then built in Europe in the 1920s.
Unfortunately, these largely successful efforts to create (in part) healthier metropolitan environments were developed in an era of “scientific racism,” where white Europeans saw themselves as racially superior to others. By the 1910s, efforts were underway in the United States to legislate segregated environments through residential single use zoning, and to clear out and rebuild urban areas considered to be “blighted,” a term which was first defined in 1912 by city planners as areas where property values were flat or declining.
Jane Jacobs, The Death and Life of Great American Cities (1961)
By the late 1950s, the often destructive outcomes of modern planners’ efforts to clear “obsolete and blighted” areas in North American cities led Jane Jacobs, a New York architectural journalist, to argue that such planning, much of it then being done by Robert Moses in New York, but usually identified with the mostly unbuilt urban visions of Le Corbusier, had produced worse outcomes than the slums that it had replaced. Her work launched a new era of skepticism about master planning, as Jacobs’ suggested that individual urban residents living in dense, walkable neighborhoods of varied, mostly historic architecture with active and diverse streetlife, could better plan for themselves than architects and other urban experts.
Ian L. McHarg, Design with Nature (1969)
The mass appeal of Jacobs’ position, and others with related views from the late 1960s down to the 1990s, has somewhat overshadowed another important planning direction that appeared in 1969, the landscape architect Ian McHarg’s Design with Nature. McHarg’s focus was on planning the massive regional development then happening around most major cities, and he influentially argued that such development should be planned in a more ecologically sensitive way. He pioneered the use of multiple same scale maps of geographic features such as aquifers, rock formations, and watersheds, as well as the use of matrices and an early version of GIS, to identify different key factors in site selection. McHarg accurately foresaw that suburban-type development was going to continue anyway, and could not be stopped altogether to preserve important natural areas essential to continued human habitation on earth.
Manfredo Tafuri, Architecture and Utopia: design and capitalist development (1976)
In the 1970s, yet another important direction for the field emerged in the writings of the Italian Marxist historian Manfredo Tafuri, first published in English in 1976. In Architecture and Utopia, Tafuri critically examined the history of architects’ efforts from the eighteenth century to the modern era to use design to reform modern industrial societies. He persuasively argued that under capitalist conditions of profit maximization, all such efforts could never fully succeed. His pessimistic conclusion was that architects could only seek to design “form without utopia,” and not attempt to transform modern societies with architecture. This critical position has led to a variety of design directions over the past fifty years. These have included Aldo Rossi’s effort to create an architecture based on the existing typologies of historic cities, where urban building forms remain constant over time, even as their programmatic uses change. This direction also inspired successful efforts in West Berlin in the late 1970s to make the “inner city a place to live,” by building whole districts of street-oriented lowrise residential mixed use buildings. During this same era, for some in urban design, the writings of the French sociologist Henri Lefebvre and others put a new emphasis on urban residents’ “right to the city.” This has led to the widespread questioning of professional architecture and urban design practices in themselves as obstacles to social progress.
Eric Mumford is Rebecca and John Voyles Professor of Architecture at Washington University in St. Louis. His books include Designing the Modern City: Urbanism Since 1850, Defining Urban Design: CIAM Architects and the Formation of a Discipline, 1937–69, and Josep Lluís Sert: The Architect of Urban Design, 1953–1969.
Jacobs, Jane. The Death and Life of Great American Cities. New York: Random House, 1961.
McHarg, Ian L. Design with Nature. Garden City, New York: Natural History Press, 1969.
Sitte, Camillo. Der Städtebau nach seinen künstlerischen Grundsätzen (City Building according to artistic principles), 1889.
Tafuri, Manfredo. Architecture and Utopia: Design and Capitalist Development. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press, 1976.
Unwin, Raymond. Town Planning in Practice: An Introduction to the Art of Designing Cities and Suburbs. London: Adelphi Terrace, 1909. | <urn:uuid:b3b2acbd-c63f-4174-bf43-0d170bc69582> | CC-MAIN-2019-51 | http://blog.yalebooks.com/2019/11/13/a-personal-canon-eric-mumford-on-five-influential-texts/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-51/segments/1575540537212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20191212051311-20191212075311-00045.warc.gz | en | 0.949308 | 1,480 | 3.3125 | 3 |
The 1928 wooden schooner, the Nina, left a northern port in New Zealand at the end of May, but stopped issuing communications about a week later, a maritime safety authority said.
The sailboat was headed to Newcastle, Australia, though when it was scheduled to arrive was unclear.
It dropped out of communication about 400 miles northwest of New Zealand in the Tasman Sea, CNN reported.
The boat is equipped with a tracking device, a satellite phone and an emergency buoy, and none of the technology has been used since early June, CNN said.
A reconnaissance plane conducted two extensive sweeps over the sea, but did not find the vessel. | <urn:uuid:8371bbd7-05aa-4811-94f1-6af6c0972370> | CC-MAIN-2015-18 | http://www.upi.com/Science_News/Technology/2013/06/27/6-Americans-1-Briton-on-sailing-trip-missing-in-New-Zealand/UPI-42021372338272/?rel=94631372432546 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-18/segments/1429246661733.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20150417045741-00038-ip-10-235-10-82.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.967074 | 132 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Panic Attacks are a mental disorder. Different people can go through the same situation and yet experience that situation in totally different ways. The effects of panic attacks are very real, creating all kinds of unpleasant and even scary physical symptoms. The effects of panic attacks continue long after an attack, fearing when the next attack will occur causes persistent worrying and intense anxiety between attacks.
The key to overcoming panic attacks is to recognize the pattern and learn how to change it. This can be done by using hypnotherapy. It will work both with your conscious mind and unconscious one. Hypnotherapy works by placing you in a trance which is a relaxed state of mind where your brain is more susceptible to the suggestions that are given to it. Therapists will help identify and change the behavior patterns and control the thoughts that trigger the panic attack patterns. Your hypnotherapist will implement various techniques. Regression therapy is one of the most common techniques. He will also take multiple approaches to work with a panic attack sufferer. For example, the person may be taught physical and mental relaxation techniques (important for calming the racing heart and other physical panic attack symptoms), self-hypnosis, visualization, and guided imagery to use when he or she feels a panic attack approaching. The panic attack sufferer may be taught how to reinterpret sensations and feelings so that the early stages of the panic attack do not escalate and become full-blown.
How Hypnotherapy help Panic Attacks
- It teaches new ways to relax
- It breaks habitual behaviours
- It removes anxiety triggers
- It Dissociate the sufferer from anxiety causing problems.
Advantages of hypnosis for Panic Attack sufferers:
- It is one of the most successful treatment approaches for Panic Attacks.
- It is a drug free treatment
- Panic Attacks are generally stopped after the 2-3 sessions.
- It is a relaxing form of treatment and generally very enjoyable.
- It has no negative side effects. | <urn:uuid:7ed4711e-4c6c-48b7-8b26-1b23ce47a1e9> | CC-MAIN-2021-04 | https://ethosmindclinic.com/hypnotherapy-panic-attacks | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-04/segments/1610703548716.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20210124111006-20210124141006-00294.warc.gz | en | 0.931388 | 400 | 2.96875 | 3 |
Green Newtown Pippin is a medium, round, oblate apple, green with occasional russeting around the stem or a pink blush. Its crisp, juicy flesh is pale yellow, and it is aromatic, with a sweet, moderately tart flavor. This is a late season apple that keeps well.
Discovered: Early 1700s Newtown, New York
Harvest: Late Season
Green Newtown Pippin was discovered in Newtown, Long Island, New York, in the early 1700s. It has been described as the first American apple to attract significant attention in Europe. Benjamin Franklin tried to cultivate it in England in the mid- to late-1700s.
Green Newtown Pippin is often confused with Yellow Newtown Pippin. The trees are so much alike, one is probably a sport of the other. | <urn:uuid:737135ae-9de6-4e12-97d5-a13238aacb55> | CC-MAIN-2019-39 | https://newenglandapples.org/apples/green-newtown-pippin/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-39/segments/1568514574501.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20190921125334-20190921151334-00077.warc.gz | en | 0.951289 | 168 | 2.5625 | 3 |
When looking at plants for the front border of a house, consider a line of tall flowers, such as tulips, mass plantings of wildflowers, or screens of shrubs. Whatever is used, this is a good way to frame your house in color and make a statement. You'll want plants that really pop and give your house curb appeal. Border plants include some of the traditional gardening favorites.
The English daisy, Bellis perennis, has blooms that look like buttons and will get 4 to 6 inches tall with a 6- to 8-inch-wide spread. It is a fast grower that is easy to care for. Flower colors will be a mix of pink, red or white and will appear from spring to summer. Leaves are deep green. It should be planted in full sun or partial shade in any soil with average moisture.
The Carpathian bellflower, Campanula carpatica "white clips" cultivar, has flowers that look like bells and forms a cushion of leaves in the landscape. It will get 6 to 12 inches tall with an 8- to 12-inch spread. Flower color for this particular variety is white, but other cultivars have other colors. Carpathian bellflower blooms from summer to fall. It should be planted in full sun or partial shade in any soil with any soil moisture.
The Russian stonecrop plant, Sedum kamtschaticum, has a look of green leaf carpet. Leaves are deep green and flowers are yellow and star-shaped, appearing in summer. It will get 4 to 6 inches tall with a spread of 12 to 23 inches. Russian stonecrop needs to be planted in full sun or partial shade in any soil with any soil moisture. This is another easy-to-care for plant.
The perennial alyssum, Aurinia saxatilis "citrina" cultivar, is a mass of flowers and leaves that is evergreen. It will get 8 to 12 inches tall with a spread of 12 to 23 inches wide. Flowers are yellow and appear spring to summer. Leaves are gray-green. Plant a perennial alyssum in full sun in any average to dry soil.
The English lavender, Lavandula angustifolia "hidcote" cultivar, is a shrub that is deer resistant and drought tolerant. It will get 12 to 23 inches tall with an equal spread. Flowers will be purple and occur in the summer. Leaves are gray-green. Plant an English lavender plant in full sun in normal to sandy soil with average to dry moisture. It is easy to care for. | <urn:uuid:1edddf3a-2343-4a84-85c0-ab76f91a0a10> | CC-MAIN-2016-36 | http://www.gardenguides.com/85221-ideas-plants-front-border-house.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-36/segments/1471982953863.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20160823200913-00235-ip-10-153-172-175.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.916594 | 538 | 2.578125 | 3 |
How Many Children Are in Foster Care?
The pressures of contemporary life see more and more children end up in care. Yet as a society, we still seriously underestimate the numbers involved.
The growing demand for foster care puts Britain’s foster families under increasing pressure. Although 90% of people realise the number of children in foster care is growing, they’re unaware of all the commitment involved.
Our survey found that almost half of active foster parents have given homes to more than five foster children, while 22% of foster parents have cared for more than 10 different youngsters.
With the need for more carers so clear, we also surveyed foster parents to see why they got involved in the first place. Nearly a third of foster parents said that their own life experiences encouraged them to provide care and support to children. But the primary motivation for carers is “to give children and young people a secure family environment.”
Fostering benefits everyone
Foster carers also explained that they don’t just foster for altruistic reasons. More than 25% of foster carers have learned new life skills and their own birth children flourish too “It’s made my birth children more understanding and accepting of complex emotional needs.”
Other carers feel their families have learnt the value of teamwork, increasing their empathy and becoming more appreciative of life – “It has certainly made our children realise how lucky they are.”
Fostering works and fostering lasts
Fostering can help give children the secure environment they need to succeed in school and flourish in later life. Fostering matters in the moment and creates long-term bonds too. The survey revealed that 86% of foster parents are still in touch with the children they cared for.
People in different parts of the UK have diverse perceptions when it comes to fostering. In Scotland and Northern Ireland, for instance, people have a much more realistic appreciation of the number of children in foster care than they do in the South East of England.
Although awareness may vary, there’s a consistent need for foster carers across the country, which is one of the reasons why Compass Fostering maintain a nationwide presence for foster care in the UK, with offices throughout England & Wales.
Many people in our survey agreed they’d be open to fostering. But what’s stopping us? Foster families come in all shapes and sizes these days. Fostering is no longer restricted to conventional family models. And 20% of us say we know a close friend or family member who has been fostered.
All you need to foster is a secure home environment to offer and the commitment to make a lasting difference in a child’s life. People who think they might not be accepted as foster parents could be in for a pleasant surprise…
Want to learn more about the numbers? Read Foster Care by Numbers: the Statistics and Their Meaning. And if you are interested in fostering with Compass, feel free to get in touch with us today!
Become a Foster Parent
Your fostering journey with us begins with a conversation. Start your journey today.
We pride ourselves in being big enough to support, small enough to care.
Request a Brochure
Learn all there is to know about foster care and the benefits of joining Compass. | <urn:uuid:f192b029-c8fa-4bce-aaf2-2c4199e4f82c> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.compassfostering.com/news/how-many-children-in-foster-care | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474653.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20240226062606-20240226092606-00368.warc.gz | en | 0.956332 | 682 | 2.53125 | 3 |
the closer the food comes to the natural state in which it occurs, or the closer to its raw, unfired (raw) form, the higher its quality.
In this condition, all the enzymes are found intact. The amino acids are in their finest form. The minerals, vitamins, trace elements, carbohydrates and "life force" are present. The life force, in turn is capable of reproducing healthy tissue.
This same classification of quality which we analyzed in relation to protein rich foods applies to the carbohydrates (the starch and sugar-rich foods), the fats and the mineral-rich foods.
The quality of a nutritional program is also improved by omitting toxic substances such, as coffee, tea, chocolate, tobacco, salt, pepper, etc. from your diet.
FOODS AND RECOVERY FROM ILLNESS
What is the relation of quality of foods to recovery from illness? It is this in a nutshell: The higher the quality of food we eat, the quicker we recover from disease, provided we are able to digest and assimilate properly. To this must be added the knowledge of:
- proper food combining
- proper order of eating the different kinds of food at a meal: e.g. the most easily digested food should be eaten first, the more complex one second, and the most concentrated item last
- the correct quantity of food to be consumed (of each type) in the meal
- the correct time for eating (when hungry, and not by the clock)
Now - what happens when a person follows these rules and makes a decided improvement in the quality of food consumed? Remarkable things begin to happen to the body as well as the mind. The amazing intelligence present in every cell of the body and the wisdom of the body in its operation, immediately becomes manifest. The rule may be stated thusly: When the quality of the food coming into the body is of higher quality than the tissues which the body is made of, the body begins to discard the lower grade materials and tissues to make room for the superior materials which it uses to make new and healthier tissue.
This is the plan of Nature - the body is very selective and always aims for improvement for better health. The body always tries to produce health and always will, unless our interference is too great.
Only then do we fail to recover and degenerate further into disease.
The self-curing nature of many conditions such as colds, fevers, cuts, swellings, injuries, etc., furnishes endless examples of how the body tends towards health - always - unless we do something to stop the process.
SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS
What are the symptoms or signs which become evident when we first begin to omit the lower grade foods and instead introduce superior foods - those which are most alive, more natural than we are accustomed to?
Usually within three days, the symptoms vanish and we feel stronger due to the recuperation which follows. To a lesser extent the same process occurs when we abandon lower quality foods and replace them with better foods.
LOWER QUALITY - MORE STIMULATING
Lower quality has undergone more preparation. Spices, salt and other ingredients have been added, as they tend to be more "stimulating" than less prepared and more natural foods. Animal foods such as meat, fowl, fish etc. are more stimulating than cheese, nuts and vegetable proteins.
Consequently the withdrawal of stimulation which follows the abandonment of animal food produces a slower heart action - a resting phase - which registers in the mind as relaxation or a decrease of energy. This initial letdown lasts about ten days or slightly longer, and is followed by an increase of strength, a feeling of diminishing stress and greater well-being.
Now let us return to the symptoms which occur in the process of regeneration. The person who starts a better diet, stays on it for three days to a week and then quits will say,
"Oh, I felt better on the old diet - the new one makes me feel weak."
He failed because he didn't give his body a chance to adjust
and complete its first phase of action - recuperation. If he had waited a while longer, he would have begun to feel better than before he started.
RECUPERATION - PHASE ONE
During the initial stage (lasting about ten days on the average to several weeks in others), the vital energies which are usually in the periphery or external part of the body such as the muscles and skin, begin to move to the vital internal organs and start reconstruction. This shunting of much of the power to the internal region produces a feeling of less energy in the muscles, which the mind interprets as some weakness. Actually, the power is increased, but most of it is being used for rebuilding the more important organs and less of it is available for muscular work.
Any weakness which is felt here is not true weakness, but merely a redeploying of forces to the more important internal parts.
RELAX FOR SUCCESS
Here it is important for the person to stop wasting energy, and to rest and sleep more. This is a crucial. phase, and if the person resorts to stimulants of any kind, he will abort and defeat the regenerative intent of THE BODY
It is important that he have patience and faith and just wait it out, and after a while he will get increasing strength which will exceed by far what he felt before he began the new program.
Success in recovery or improvement of health hinges upon the correct understanding of this point - realizing that the body is using its main energies in more important internal work and not wasting it in external work invol-ving muscle movements. Be wise, take it easy here and relax. Just coast in,. your work and social obligations until you're out of the woods.
RETRACING - CLEANUP
Retracing: As one continues on the improved diet and gradually raises the food quality, interesting symptoms begin to appear. The body begins a process called retracing.
"Now we have a chance to get rid or this old garbage and build a beautiful new house. Let's get started immediately. Let's get this excess bile out or the liver and gall bladder and send it to the intestines for elimination. Let's get the sludge moving out of the arteries, veins and capillaries. These smelly, gassy, brain-stupefying masses have been here too long - out with them!
These arthritic deposits in the joints need cleaning up! Let's get these irritating food preservatives, aspirins, sleeping pills and drugs out of the way, along with these other masses of fat which have made life so burdensom for us for so long. Let's get going till the job is done - till we have a beautiful house - and from there on we'll keep it a beautiful ideal model house."
CATABOLISM - ELIMINATION
During the first phase (called catabolism), the accent is on elimination, or breaking down of tissue. The body begins to clean house. - In short, to remove the garbage deposited in all the tissues - everywhere. During this period. the body removes the ashes from the furnace preparatory. So getting a better fire.
Here the accentuation is on removal of the gross and immediate body obstructions. Wastes are discarded more rapidly than new tissue is made from the new food. This becomes evident as weight loss.
This persists for a while and is then followed by the second phase - called stabilization. Here the weight remains more or less stable.
During this phase, the amount of waste material being discarded daily is equal to the amount of tissue which is being formed and replaced by the newer, more vital food. This occurs after the excess of obstructing material in the tissues has been removed.
ANABOLISM - BUILDUP
This state persists for a while and is then followed by a third phase - a build-up period called anabolism, wherein weight starts to go up, even though the diet is lower in calories than it was before. At this point, much or more of the interferring wastes have already been discarded.
The tissues which have been formed since the diet was raised in quality are more durable and do not break down easily. Also new tissues are now being formed faster. This is due to the improved assimilation made possible by the ceasing of wrong food combining. The body's need for the usual amounts of food decreases, and we are able to maintain our weight and increased energies with less food. Many are able to function very efficiently on two meals a day. As the body progressively increases efficiency and decreases in tissue breakdown under exercise, so do we gradually need less and less food to maintain life.
The higher the percentage of raw food one lives on, the slower the rate of tissue deterioration which one evolves into. A sick body requires a gradual carefully worked-out entry into this stage, where one is able to live on a 100% unfired (raw) diet.
Returning to the symptoms which occur on a superior nutritional program, people who have had tendencies in the past to recurring skin rashes or eruptions will frequently tend to eliminate poisons and harmful drugs through the skin with new rashes or eruptions. If they go to a doctor now who is not familiar with this aspect of nutrition, he will diagnose it as an allergy.
They ask. "How come. I'm eating better now than I ever did before, and instead I'm getting worse?" They don't understand that the body is retracing.
The skin is getting more alive and active. It's throwing out more poisons more rapidly now that the body is building more power which is saved from those hard-to-ingest meals which have been discontinued.
These toxins being discarded are saving you from more serious disease which will result if you keep them in your body too much longer - possibly hepatitus, kidney disorders, blood disease, heart disease, arthritis, nerve degenerations or even cancer - depending upon your hereditary or structural weaknesses. Be happy you're paying your bills now in an easy-payment plan.
With some, colds which haven't appeared for a long time may occur, or even fevers. This is nature's way of housecleaning. Understand that these actions are constructive, even though unpleasant at the moment. Don't, but don't, try to stop these symptoms by the use of certain drugs, or even massive doses of vitamins, which will act as drugs in huge concentrations.
RESPECT THE CURING PROCESS
These symptoms are part of a curing process, and don't try to cure a cure. These are not deficiency conditions or allergic manifestations - not if you're eating properly in quality, quantity, combination and sequence.
Here is where experienced advice is a great value. Unfortunately, there are few books present today which give full guidance to the average reader. Try to find guidance through a doctor or teacher who has the requisite experience in this most confusing of all subjects - nutrition in relation to health and disease.
MILD OR SEVERE SYMPTOMS
You may he eating perfectly in regard to quantity, quality and observing all the correct rules, and still symptoms will occur. Those who have lived better lives in the past - who have eaten better foods and who have abused their bodies less with overeating will have reactions ranging from almost none at all or very mild symptoms which may be uncomfortable or acute. Those who have lived worse lives and poisoned themselves more will experience more severe symptoms - if their liver, kidneys, or other important eliminating organs have been damaged. When they have been renovated to the point of fair working order, they will no longer produce symptoms.
- Headaches may occur at the beginning
- fever and/or colds may also appear:
- the skin may break out;
- there may be a short interval of bowel sluggishness,
- occasional diarrhea.
- feelings of tiredness and weakness,
- disinclination to exercise,
- nervousness, irritability,
- negativity or mental depression,
- frequent urination etc.
However, the great majority of people find their reactions tolerable and are encouraged to bear with them, because of the many improvements which have already occurred and are becoming more evident with each day. This acts as an inspirational force to them.
SYMPTOMS WILL DIFFER
The symptoms will vary according to the materials being discarded, the condition of the organs involved in the elimination and the amount of energy you have available. The more you rest and sleep when symptoms are present, the milder they are and the more quickly they are terminated. Be happy you are having symptoms.
YOUNGER AND HEALTHIER EVERY DAY
Realize deeply that your body is becoming younger and healthier every day, because you are throwing off more and more wastes which would eventually have brought pain, disease and much suffering. Those who have the worst symptom-reactions and follow through to their successful termination are thus avoiding some of the worst disease which would eventually have developed had they continued their careless eating habits.
Don't expect to go on an ascending scale of quality, that improving your diet will make you feel better and better each dax until you reach perfection. The body is cyclical in nature. and health returns in a series of gradually diminishing cycles. For example: you start a better diet and for a while you feel much better. After some time, a symptom occurs - you feel nauseous for a day and have diarrhea with a foul-smelling stool. After one day you feel even better than before and it goes fine for awhile. Then you suddenly develop a cold, feel chills and lose your appetite. After about two or three days (assuming you don't take drugs or do anything else about it), you suddenly recover and feel better than you did for years. Let us say this wellbeing continues for two months, when you suddenly develop an itch or rash. You don't take anything special for it. This rash flares up, gets worse and continues for ten days, and suddenly subsides. Immediately after this you find that your hepatica is gone and your energy has increased more than ever before. The rash became an outlet for the poisons in the liver which produced the hepatitis.
DOW JONES RECOVERY CYCLES
This is how recovery occurs - like the cycles in the Dow-Jones Average at the beginning of a bull market recovery. You feel better, a reaction occurs and you don't feel as well for a short while. You recover and go even higher. Then another reaction occurs, milder than the last. You recover and go even higher. And so it goes, each reaction milder than the last as the body becomes pure. Each reaction becoming shorter in duration and being, followed by a longer period of feeling better than ever before, until you reach a level plateau of vibrant health. Here you become relatively disease-free.
We must learn to obey the laws of Nature. We must learn to eat simple pure and natural foods, properly prepared and combined, and our bodies in return will cast off all the poisons we have taken in during our lives.
The mysteries of the body, the operations of nature, the vital forces working in nature are far beyond what our minds are prepared to understand at present. Every great physician or scientist who ever lived marvelled in awe and humility at the wonders of nature. Yes - we are "fearfully and wonderfully made."
(Stanley S. Bass, 1984) | <urn:uuid:84225cbf-4ecc-4250-a011-016d0ef6e038> | CC-MAIN-2021-04 | https://letnaturetakeitscourse.com/p/symptoms-to-expect | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-04/segments/1610703533863.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20210123032629-20210123062629-00153.warc.gz | en | 0.96242 | 3,202 | 2.78125 | 3 |
Distracted driving can cause serious injury to motorists, cyclists and pedestrians alike. Even if you look at your phone for just a second, that's all it takes for a driver to veer the opposite direction or miss the moment they need to break.
When you think about a distracted driver behind the wheel, your first thought may be of a teenage girl texting or Snapchatting her friends irresponsibly. And while that likely does happen, this may not fit the profile of most distracted drivers.
A study published in Frontiers in Psychology by Ole Johansson looked at the driving habits and personalities of hundreds of Norwegian high schoolers and adults. The study showed that some drivers are more prone to distracted driving. This included frequent drivers, those with neurotic and extroverted personalities, and young men.
These young men were among the most likely to report distraction due to phones but also to be people talking in the car or flipping through the radio dial, which can similarly distract drivers.
The study is the first of its kind to look at the connections between distracted driving intentions and behavior. While most Texans are not of Norwegian descent, it shows a pattern of personalities and gender that may be universal.
So if you are a young man, a regular commuter or someone who identifies and neurotic or extroverted, put the phone down. And even if you aren't, do it anyway. Regardless of who is behind the wheel, distracted driving is a problem that can cause serious injury to the driver and others. All drivers should be cognizant of their actions and keep their eyes on the road. | <urn:uuid:fb94fd63-4f98-4041-a2b3-45da3807e098> | CC-MAIN-2020-16 | https://www.robertsalazar.com/blog/2017/11/are-young-men-more-likely-to-read-their-phones-while-driving.shtml | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585370505730.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20200401100029-20200401130029-00485.warc.gz | en | 0.968946 | 323 | 2.921875 | 3 |
Wolves, creatures of legend, and creatures creating a headache for the people of Yakutia, and Khakassia in Siberia. Driven by hunger from the lack this year of their usual food, reportedly mostly mountain hares, they’re searching out the reindeer herded there. 16,000 reindeer were reportedly killed last year and hundreds of horses, says the Russian region of Yakutia’s president, Yegor Borisov. They are estimated to have caused $5 million dollars worth of damage, valuing a reindeer at 10,000 roubles ($330)
Borisov has called for a three month cull of the wolves. His office says there are 3500 wolves in Yakutia and those numbers should be reduced to 500. He’s offering rewards for wolves killed and six figure rouble sums to the top hunter.
However there are doubts over the numbers cited by Borisov and about the chances of killing 3000 wolves. I spoke to Vladimir Krever from the World Wildlife Fund Russia’s biodiversity program. He cites a Ministry of Natural Resources report from last year which says there are 6-8000 wolves in Yakutia. As he points out, “it’s a huge territory, the largest in Russia, with very few people. It’s very hard to estimate the numbers of wolves accurately but it’s definitely more than 3500. 6000 wolves in Yakutia is a normal amount.” That means that Yakutia’s government may also be way off when it says it wants to reduce the wolf population to a ‘normal 500’ by killing 3000 wolves.
However Krever thinks that killing wolves is the right policy. It’s just going to be impossible to do. “When wolves start killing livestock they have to be killed. Even if 3000 could be killed the population would recover quickly. Normally around 600 wolves are killed in Yakutia each year. If you really stretched it with expensive spotting planes and helicopters you could maybe double that figure. But 3000, no chance.” | <urn:uuid:31151772-7d96-422b-8a25-edcd325733dc> | CC-MAIN-2017-43 | http://tomsthumb.blogspot.com/2013/01/winter-of-wolf-in-siberia.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-43/segments/1508187823284.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20171019122155-20171019142155-00548.warc.gz | en | 0.956 | 434 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Congresswoman Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez wants to get rid of “cow emissions” but she better hold on to that cow’s poop—that is if she wants to be able to drive Toyota’s newest car, the Mirai. The Mirai, to be debuted in 2021, can run on the hydrogen produced from a single cow’s manure for a full year. Don’t laugh—the power of poop is undeniable—Toyota is already building what will be the first manure-powered fueling station in the state of California.
The Mirai, a concept vehicle, will be built to run on hydrogen fuel cells. The fact that one cow can produce enough energy to run the car for a year is a stunning testimony to the potential of fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs). The original Mirai, which came onto the market in 2014, sold over 10,000 units. But the new model will have an increased cruising range of 30 percent. That means the Mirai will be able to clock 400 miles on just one full charge.
Speaking with the Japan Times, Chief Engineer of the Mirai project, Yoshikazu Tanaka talked about the company’s hopes and dreams for the car and the potential of its energy source. “We hope that with the new Mirai, we will be a leader in helping to realize a hydrogen energy society.”
“Mirai” means “future” in Japanese and we can only hope that Toyota has thought ahead about providing the wherewithal and infrastructure for its use. Electric cars have suffered from a lack of charging stations. We wouldn’t want legislation similar to the Green New Deal, with its promise of eliminating cow emissions, to kill the Mirai, before it is born. | <urn:uuid:9f56de8f-a102-4b9b-ae86-cddebead4154> | CC-MAIN-2020-34 | https://kars4kidsblog.com/a-car-that-runs-on-cow-poop/?shared=email&msg=fail | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-34/segments/1596439735906.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20200805010001-20200805040001-00080.warc.gz | en | 0.956419 | 371 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Although elk typically adapt to forest disturbances such as forest fires and logging, a new Journal of Wildlife Management study found that during the summer, elk avoided areas with extensive tree mortality that has occurred due to the bark-beetle epidemic in the northern portions of the Rocky Mountains in the United States.
Avoidance of beetle-killed forest by elk during the summer has led to a decline in preferred habitat for elk that will be of importance to many wildlife and land managers responsible for managing elk populations in areas impacted by the bark-beetle epidemic.
"Although it is common following forest disturbances for elk to seek out and capitalize on the resulting increases in highly palatable and nutritious forage, during the summer months, elk in our study area fairly consistently avoided beetle-kill. This result is somewhat counter to how we typically think elk respond to forest disturbances," said lead author Bryan G. Lamont, of the University of Wyoming. "It appears there are some subtle, but real differences between disturbances such as forest fires and the bark-beetle epidemic."
Lamont noted that for elk in the study, the increases in the number of downed trees and loss of canopy cover seemed to outweigh the meager increases in understory in bark-beetle affected areas. "Ultimately this means that if elk are avoiding beetle-kill areas, this translates to much less forest habitat that elk typically would utilize during the summer," he said. | <urn:uuid:18f7e602-be3a-4b92-952a-51573dc171e5> | CC-MAIN-2019-09 | https://sciencecodex.com/tree-loss-bark-beetle-infestation-impacts-elk-habitat-624848 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-09/segments/1550247484689.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20190218053920-20190218075920-00573.warc.gz | en | 0.971033 | 300 | 3.421875 | 3 |
Constitution Day is September 17. This is an opportunity to incorporate civic learning into the classroom or dinner table discussion. Good discussion topics include the Bill of Rights, the First Amendment (Freedom of Speech), Voting Rights and more. There are many excellent resources and lesson plans available, covering just a few minutes to entire class periods and more. Here are a few we like:
- Constitution Center High Middle Elementary
- First Amendment
- iCivics* Constitution Day
- Kids Voting Mecklenburg Grades K-2, 3-5, 6-8, 9-12
- New York Times Learning Network (includes a good idea for global studies)
Did you know: Schools receiving federal funding are required to spend some time during the class day to study and celebrate the US Constitution. (Use that as a civics lesson in itself!)
* We are developing a partnership with iCivics, and developing resources to link their games and lessons to current events and civic learning opportunities in Charlotte. Let us know your ideas! | <urn:uuid:033f2158-b65e-40c5-9297-5a3959e42be2> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://www.kidsvotingcharlotte.org/2011/09/constitution-day-is-september-17-this.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422115899686.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124161139-00161-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.937282 | 211 | 3.65625 | 4 |
Biological Invasions (2015) 17, 1397-1406
of interest to a wider audience. We would welcome
contributions to the Discussion section (above tab) of this article.
Remember to log in or register (top right corner) before editing pages.
A potential invasion route of Cactoblastis cactorum within the Caribbean region matches historical hurricane trajectories
Biological Invasions 17 (5), 1397-1406
Abstract: The cactus moth, Cactoblastis cactorum mainly distributed throughout central and northeastern Argentina was intentionally introduced in the Caribbean region in 1957 as a biological control agent of cacti species of the genus Opuntia. This moth invaded during the last 20–30 years the North American continent, threatening the major center of biodiversity of native Opuntia species. Although human induced and natural dispersal have been invocated to explain its expansion in the non-native distribution range, there is still no evidence to support natural dispersal. In particular, hurricanes are one of the major environmental factors affecting species dispersal in the region. In this study we used mitochondrial DNA to examine whether the spatial distribution of haplotype variation of C. cactorum is at least partially explained by hurricane trajectories within the Caribbean region. DNA sequences for the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase I were obtained for a sample of 110 individuals from the Antillean islands. This information was combined with existing sequences in the GenBank for the same gene for the Caribbean and Florida (N = 132 sequences). Genetic diversity descriptors, a haplotypic network, a spatial analyses of molecular variance and a landscape genetic analysis of migration conditioned by hurricane tracks were conducted to test our hypothesis. Our results revealed a significant spatial grouping of haplotypes consistent with the more frequent hurricane trajectories in the Caribbean region. Significant isolation by distance conditioned by hurricane tracks was detected. Populations of Florida were genetically closer to those of Cuba than to the rest of the population sampled. Within the region, Cuba appears as a reservoir of genetic diversity increasing the risk of invasion to Mexico and the US. Despite commercial transportation of Opuntia promoted dispersal to Florida, our results support the hypothesis that natural disturbances such as hurricanes played a role dispersing this invasive insect. Future conservation programs of North American Opuntia species requires taking into account hurricane mediated dispersal events and permanent whole regional monitoring and international control policies to prevent future range expansions of C. cactorum.
(The abstract is excluded from the Creative Commons licence and has been copied with permission by the publisher.)
Link to article at publishers website
Research topic(s) for pests/diseases/weeds:
population dynamics/ epidemiology
new introduction of pest
Pest and/or beneficial records: | <urn:uuid:044f16e6-f47b-4907-be72-960bf3fa56a8> | CC-MAIN-2020-24 | https://wiki.pestinfo.org/wiki/Biological_Invasions_(2015)_17,_1397-1406 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-24/segments/1590347390758.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20200526112939-20200526142939-00220.warc.gz | en | 0.904124 | 563 | 2.59375 | 3 |
Mary Pinchot Meyer
Mary Pinchot Meyer’s (October 14, 1920 – October 12, 1964) exhibition at Jefferson Place in November 1963, was given a rave review by Leslie Judd Ahlander in The Washington Post. Ahlander wrote “Using the tondo, or circular, canvas, Mary Meyer divides the area into curved and sinuous areas that sometimes seem to set the tondo to revolving as the colors succeed each other’s pull outward. Color, obtained through the use of plastic paint on unsized canvas, as is usual with this group of artists, is luminous and carefully thought out.”
Ahlander situates Meyer’s work squarely within her contemporaries when she mentions “this group of artists.” The hard-edge geometric abstraction, as seen in Half-Light (to the left), is stylistically similar to other Washington artists. By employing a shaped canvas she worked in the inverse of artists like Kenneth Noland who, during the late 1950s and early 60s, painted concentric circles on rectangular canvases. Noland would eventually work with shaped canvases later in his career. Meyer’s use of what she called “the tondo,” curved circular canvas, and the straight hard-edge line of the colored quadrants, harmonize to create a symmetrically balanced composition. In Half-Light, the green and brown colors are contra pointed by the closely hued blue and purple. Meyer maintains symmetricity in her work, an aspect of practice that her fellow artists took seriously as well.
In 1964, Meyer was included in a traveling exhibition, Nine Contemporary Painters organized by the Pan American Union. The exhibition opened in Buenos Aires then went on to Rio de Janeiro. Fellow artists included in the exhibition, alongside Meyer, were Gene Davis, Tom Downing, and Sam Gilliam. This exhibition was packaged to show South Americans contemporary art by young or little known artists who had yet to achieve widespread success despite the quality of their work. The curator of the exhibition, Lawrence Alloway, characterized the type of painting coming from Washington as unlike that being produced in other American cities: “In Washington a constant of several painters has been the use of flat color on unprimed canvas… the repetition of a single image is typical of this kind of painting, in which color, its tensions and its variable, is central.” Alloway went on to describe Meyer’s work specifically, writing, “The paint in the tondos… of spectrally related colors, defining curved forms that roll in from the outer edge of the canvas… Meyer’s home is in a central area or point.”
During the late 1950s and early 1960s there were several galleries in the area exhibiting related work — including the Franz Bader Gallery, Barnett-Aden Gallery and the Washington Gallery of Modern Art — but it was the Jefferson Place Gallery where Meyer found opportunity. She came to know the director, Alice Denney, as well as other artists who exhibited there, including Kenneth Noland, Ben Summerford, Robert Gates, and Mary Orwen. Meyer would, for a short time in 1960 or 1961, share a studio with Orwen and close friend Anne Truitt.
Meyer’s large scale, colorful abstract paintings exhibited at Jefferson Place Gallery fit within the modus operandi of the group associated with the Washington Color School. Her highly abstract compositions with flat applications of vibrant color that emit an energy and radiate off the canvas compare to Noland’s concentric circle paintings from this time, Morris Louis’s Unfurled canvases, and Paul Reed’s circles surrounded by fields of color. While at the time of her murder Meyer’s work was not commonly included in exhibitions with other artists, her paintings are easily connected to the work of her contemporaries.
Meyer was an artist who took her work seriously, and she was part of a tight-knit artistic community. She was an experimental artist who used various materials such as linen and acrylic in her practice. More scholarship on her paintings could determine her role as an influential member of a radical group.
Author Mollie Berger has worked in the Prints and Drawings department at the National Gallery since 2014. Her recent projects at the Gallery include co-curating a small exhibition of prints by Edvard Munch, teaching a seminar on Washington Color School artists, and giving pop-up gallery talks at the Gallery’s after-hours events. She graduated from George Washington University with a Master of Arts in Art History in 2014, during which time she held internships in the Prints and Drawings departments of the National Portrait Gallery and the National Gallery of Art. While completing her Bachelor of Arts in Art History at the University of Vermont, Mollie worked in the curatorial office of the Fleming Art Museum. She also held positions at the Shelburne Museum in Shelburne, Vermont, and the Farnsworth Art Museum in Rockland, Maine. An adapted version of her graduate qualifying paper on Kenneth Noland’s circle paintings and the psychoanalytic therapy of Dr. Wilhelm Reich was recently published for Refiguring American Art, a research project organized by Tate, London. Mollie’s research interests includes artists who have lived and worked in Washington, DC, early twentieth century American landscape painting, and the cultural impact of the Cold War.
Leslie Judd Ahlander, “The Jefferson Place Gallery,” The Washington Post, Times Herald, November 24, 1963, G10.
José Gómez Sicre, Nine Contemporary Painters: USA (Pan American Union, Washington, 1964), n.p.
Lawrence Alloway, “Notes on the Painters,” in Nine Contemporary Painters: USA (Pan American Union, Washington, 1964), n.p.
Ibid, n.p. | <urn:uuid:d58dd8e3-0d23-4b73-a9b9-a9026fb85d40> | CC-MAIN-2021-17 | http://jeffersonplacegallery.com/mary-pinchot-meyer/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-17/segments/1618038069133.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20210412175257-20210412205257-00585.warc.gz | en | 0.967172 | 1,216 | 2.828125 | 3 |
Ideal Tips to Check Healthy Blood Pressure by Yourself
Healthy blood pressure could be checked with a manual way which allows you to do only by using stethoscope and a simple cuff that will give the accurate result in reading it. By checking your blood pressure regularly, it could make you easily tracking your blood pressure especially if you are avoiding health problems that signed by high blood pressure such as stroke. For some cases in order to check blood pressure, people have to use blood pressure machines, but by following these tips buying the machine will not necessary.
What do you need to check healthy blood pressure?
Healthy blood pressure diagnosing could be done by yourself. First, purchase a blood pressure cuff. Most doctors are using it to diagnose the blood pressure. You can find these around drug stores or even in pharmacies. This tool allows you to check the blood pressure through wrapping around your arms and pump it. Many sizes are available such as adult, small, large and even extra-large. To get the clearer sound, you can buy a stethoscope.
How to check healthy blood pressure by yourself?
To check, wrap the blood pressure cuff around your arm in a slight way which is above the crease of your forearm. Then, pump your blood pressure cuff over 160 after placing the stethoscope in the correct place that is on your forearm to check healthy blood pressure. To inflate and deflate the cuff, you can use the metal attachment that is on the side of the pump. After all, listen about the diastolic and systolic number. As you slowly deflate the cuff, you will hear two sounds from the stethoscope differently. For the first sound, it will be strong and lighter for the second. Look at the reading number on the cuff with the first and the stronger sound at the start related to the new sound because the first sound represents the systolic number while for the second of the sound are representing the diastolic. Checking blood pressure could be vary from arm to arm so that it requires you to repeat the blood pressure reading. In order to find out the ideal pressure, it should be around 120/80. Average the result after taking three or four readings. If you feel chest pain, numbness, or even tingling which is around your left arm, slurred speech or problem of breathing consult it since it could be the sign of Heart health problem. See more How to Teach Healthy Teeth Care for Kids | <urn:uuid:3d94dfb4-de67-4319-890b-37f88bc980b3> | CC-MAIN-2017-51 | http://osulima.blogspot.com/2014/10/ideal-tips-to-check-healthy-blood.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-51/segments/1512948599549.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20171218005540-20171218031540-00486.warc.gz | en | 0.93434 | 502 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Intermountain Seismic Belt Historical Earthquake Project
February 3, 1994 – Draney Peak, ID – M 5.9
A magnitude 5.9 earthquake occurred approximately 10 miles west of Afton, Wyoming at 2:05 a.m. on Thursday, February 3, 1994.
The earthquake was felt in parts of four states: Idaho, Wyoming, Utah and Colorado. The strongest shaking was reported felt in and around the Star Valley, Wyoming area. Other cities where shaking was felt included: Pocatello, Soda Springs and Montpelier, Idaho; Jackson, Wyoming; Salt Lake City and Moab, Utah; and Grand Junction, Colorado.
Reports from Afton, Wyoming, noted that the earthquake was accompanied by a loud roaring sound. Heavy furniture and large appliances were moved by the shaking. Lamps overturned, items fell from shelves and pictures from walls. Some private water wells were muddied in Star Valley, Wyoming. Some areas reported that their pets appeared to be upset by the earthquake.
In Utah’s Salt Lake Valley, the earthquake set off a number of burglar alarms. The Salt Lake City Dispatch Center was overwhelmed with calls seeking information, making it difficult to respond had there been calls reporting serious damage or injuries.
In the epicentral area, property damage included cracked foundations, structural shifting, damage to plaster walls and chimneys, broken windows, broken dishes and food bottles. A fish hatchery near Auburn, Wyoming reported that the earthquake shifted a support wall, causing the roof of the building to sag.
No deaths or major injuries were reported for this earthquake.
For additional information about this earthquake:
For more information about this project: | <urn:uuid:8540d19f-6366-4b99-98b4-8c0689ed9969> | CC-MAIN-2022-21 | https://quake.utah.edu/tag/draney-peak-earthquakes | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662517245.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20220517095022-20220517125022-00295.warc.gz | en | 0.972871 | 345 | 2.546875 | 3 |
Georgia is bordered on the south by Florida; on the east by the Atlantic Ocean and South Carolina; on the west by
Alabama and by Florida in the extreme southwest; and on the north by Tennessee and North Carolina. The northern part
of the state is in the Blue Ridge Mountains, a mountain range in the vast mountain system of the Appalachians. The
central piedmont extends from the foothills to the fall line, where the rivers cascade down in elevation to the
continental coastal plain of the southern part of the state. The highest point in Georgia is Brasstown Bald, 4,784
feet (1,458 m); the lowest point is sea level.
The majority of Georgia is primarily a humid subtropical climate tempered somewhat by occasional polar air masses
in the winter. Hot and humid summers are typical, except at the highest elevations. The entire state, including the
north Georgia mountains, receives moderate to heavy precipitation, which varies from 45 inches (1143 mm) in central
Georgia to approximately 75 inches (1905 mm) around the Northeast part of the state. The degree to which the
weather of a certain area of Georgia is subtropical depends not just on the latitude, but also on how close it is to
the Atlantic Ocean or Gulf of Mexico and the altitude. This is especially true in the mountainous areas in the
northern part of the state, which are further away from ocean waters and can be up to 4500 feet (1350 m) or higher
above sea level. | <urn:uuid:ed8cd48c-39d7-466c-a73e-f63ae7304d51> | CC-MAIN-2015-11 | http://georgia.statedrugcard.com/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-11/segments/1424937481488.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20150226075801-00044-ip-10-28-5-156.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.928015 | 313 | 3.40625 | 3 |
When Thomas Hutchins began surveying the Seven Ranges in 1785 he probably had no idea of the future cities, towns and villages that would later exist in this area of Ohio.
He certainly had no idea of the industries that would come later since his notes on the survey failed to mention the large banks of clay and the coal seams.
He did, however, recognize and mention the rich soil, the abundance of walnut, chestnut, oak and maple trees and the numerous streams suitable for grain mills.
In 1785, this was Indian country, and it was not until the late 1790s that it became relatively safe for the settlers to take up residence in Wintersville and surrounding communities.
Fur trappers and hunters were the first visitors, followed by the farmers who sought level parcels of ground near a stream to build their log cabins on and to plant their crops.
Historians note that Jacob Walker came from Brooke County, Va., in 1765 and made a tomahawk claim for land in what is now the north end of Steubenville.
Records state that he was the first white man to claim land in this area of the Northwest Territory and to attempt to farm and later settle here.
Before Thomas Hutchins and his crew of surveyors completed the task of mapping the Seven Ranges, the government began selling the land to the hardiest frontiersmen.
In 1785, the price of the most desirable land was set at $1 per acre with a minimum purchase of 640 acres. In 1795, the price was raised to $2 per acre for a minimum purchase of 640 acres. In 1800, the minimum purchase was reduced to 320 acres, but the price remained at $2 per acre.
Tax records in 1797 show that in the six townships of Jefferson County (Kirkwood, Knox, St. Clair, Warren, Wayne and York) there were 925 heads of families and 181 single people.
As more settlers arrived in eastern Ohio, a crude road was opened from Steubenville westward across Jefferson County, and, for the most part, it followed the bison and deer paths which were later used by the Indians.
It could hardly be called a road. It was more of a path, barely wide enough for a wagon in some areas, but it was a way for settlers to cross Jefferson County. The road passed through Sections 18 and 24 of Township 6 in Range 2 where, in 1831, John Winters would lay out and sell lots.
Cross Creek Township had been set off by authorization of and incorporated by the county commissioners on June 4, 1806. The first meeting in the new township was scheduled to take place at John McCollough's house located in Section 16.
At the same time, the commissioners ordered that the seventh township of the Second Range be set off and incorporated as Island Creek Township. The first meeting of Island Creek Township was held at the home of Daniel Viers.
In 1797, some of the first settlers living in the area that would become Cross Creek Township included the McElroys, Ekeys, Permars, Dunlevys, Whitecrafts and Mahons.
They were followed in 1798 by the Johnsons, Scotts, Whites, Weldays and Bickerstaffs.
At the same time, some of the first settlers to Island Creek Township were the Viers, Hout, Cable, Jackman, Ault, Alban, Shane, Lee and Palmer families.
Nathaniel McGrew built the first water mill in 1806, and George Mahon built the first hand-operated grain grinding mill in 1810. A saw mill, built by Charles Maxwell, was in operation in 1807, an all on Cross Creek.
Even as hard as survival was in Cross Creek Township, there were two other important things in the lives of these settlers - religion and education.
The first Episcopal Church was St. James, built in 1800. Long's M.E. Church was opened by 1807.
William Roberts' home was the site of the organization of the Wintersville M.E. Church in 1835. The Cross Creek Presbyterian Church was holding services in the members' homes as early as 1816; George Day donated land where their first church was built in 1837.
The first schoolhouse was built on the Stark farm in 1804. Bantam Ridge School, a little one-room cabin located about a quarter mile from the present school, opened in 1806.
(Charlie Green is a member of the Jefferson County Historical Association, 426 Franklin Ave., Steubenville.) | <urn:uuid:f436b038-d27c-415c-a4d3-fd4401b7101d> | CC-MAIN-2014-49 | http://www.heraldstaronline.com/page/content.detail/id/507767.html?nav=5073 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-49/segments/1416931009004.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20141125155649-00007-ip-10-235-23-156.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.980687 | 949 | 3.40625 | 3 |
Power windows have an electronic motor attached to a worm gear, which is attached to several other gears, to create torque to lift the window. A long arm is attached to a bar at the bottom of the window. One end of the arm slides into a groove as the window rises up.
What controls the power windows of a car?
A typical Body Control Module ECU consists of a microprocessor to control the various functions of vehicle’s body electronics (power window, wiper, side-view mirrors and more).
How do car power windows work?
Mechanism Of Power Windows:
Power windows are controlled by switches and wires and are powered by battery or electricity. Power windows do not function if the ignition of the car is not turned on. Unlike the traditional windows, power windows do not have manual handles. They do not work manually.
What causes a car window to stop working?
If only one window stops working, the problem could be a bad relay, fuse issue, bad motor, or the power window switch has failed. The most common reason for one window to stop working is the switch, so this should be looked at by a professional mechanic to have your power window switch replaced.
Does each car window have its own motor?
Virtually every new vehicle made today contains power windows. … If there is ever an electrical problem with your vehicle or the electric motor inside the door fails, you will not be able to open and close your window until you get the problem fixed.
How do you raise a power window manually?
How to Get a Power Window Up Manually
- Stabilize the door so it doesn’t move on its hinges. …
- Grab the glass between both palms. …
- Move your palms upward gently and slowly while gripping the glass. …
- Push the window into the seal at the top of the door.
Do all cars have power windows?
Even though most automakers have done away with the old crank-style windows and manual door locks, you’re not totally out of luck. There are still a few vehicles out there, nowadays, that continue to offer them for those who just don’t want to deal with power windows or locks breaking down.
How do I know if my window motor is bad?
Symptoms of a Bad or Failing Window Motor / Regulator Assembly
- It takes multiple presses to roll the window up or down.
- Window speed is slower or faster than usual.
- Clicking from the door when the window rolls up or down.
- Power window won’t stay up or is crooked.
How can you tell if a window fuse is blown?
Look at the fuse wire. If there is a visible gap in the wire or a dark or metallic smear inside the glass then the fuse is blown and needs to be replaced. | <urn:uuid:804cf835-2ea3-4a79-a274-5a437edc1796> | CC-MAIN-2021-39 | https://daveslamontstauto.com/car-parts/what-controls-the-window-in-a-car.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780058589.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20210928002254-20210928032254-00614.warc.gz | en | 0.923641 | 588 | 2.671875 | 3 |
Tools and Data
Tools To Aid Quantitative Teaching and LearningThere are a number of software packages available that can be used by faculty and students in teaching and learning and practicing quantitative skills. Here are some examples along with resources for using them in the classroom.
Mathematica Tutorials: These self-paced tutorials by Bill Titus at Carleton College expose novices to the Mathematica software package and explore some of its abilities.
Spreadsheets can be a very powerful tool for getting students comfortable interacting with numbers and data sets.
- What is Excel?
Microsoft Excel is the most common spreadsheet available to most faculty and students. This tutorial, written by Bob MacKay of Clark College, discusses why it is useful and how to make use of it in the classroom. There are also several basic and more advanced examples of activities using Excel in a Geoscience context.
- Teaching with Spreadsheets Across the Curriculum
Spreadsheets Across the Curriculum (SSAC) is an effort to use spreadsheets as a way of raising the quantitative literacy of students across all subject areas. There is a growing collection of activities asking students to figure out how to solve questions using the technology that already sits on their desks.
How to use Stella: Stella is an object-oriented modeling environment. Models can be created with Stella by connecting four or five different icons together in different ways into a model framework so that the structure of the model is very transparent. This module, written by Bob MacKay of Clark College, gives an introduction to the environment and what can be done with it.
Matlab Tutorial: This page gives a good introduction to the Matlab computational and programming environment. It is a basic introduction suitable for students who have not used Matlab before.
Scientific Data Sets
Teaching with real scientific data can be an excellent way for students to learn and practice their quantitative literacy and reasoning.
Originally developed for the NSDL Using Data in the Classroom portal, DataSheets concisely describe particular scientific data sets in a way that is useful to educators interested in teaching with the data. We've made the geoscience subset of DataSheets available here for you. To see the full interdisciplinary set, check out the Using Data in the Classroom portal.
Online Data Sources and Tools
Browse through our catalog of online sources of data sets and tools to work with them. | <urn:uuid:844da0f8-f442-4098-bf27-f9f9513540df> | CC-MAIN-2016-07 | http://serc.carleton.edu/quantskills/tools_data/index.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-07/segments/1454701159654.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20160205193919-00291-ip-10-236-182-209.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.926233 | 488 | 3.671875 | 4 |
Ray Tracing is a method to create three-dimensional images using a computer. Simply put, you build a "virtual" set in 3D, place your "virtual" camera (or eye) within the set, and then use mathematical algorithms to generate the scene. This is done by simulating individual "rays" leaving the camera/eye, which bounce off the objects you've placed in your virtual world. It sounds pretty complicated, but if you have a basic understanding of geometry, trigonometry, the three-dimensional coordinate system, vectors, and algebra, you should do just fine :)
Here is one of my first ray-traced images I created, using a ray-tracer I wrote myself in the "C" programming language.
Later on, I discovered the wonderful shareware ray-tracing software package POVRAY. Using this tool, I was able to generate the following image. It's one of my favorites. And yes, those shadows are exactly what you would see if you actually were to carve such a block of wood and shine a light on it from those three angles. Pretty cool, huh? | <urn:uuid:067d7e39-a035-428b-93ee-a89d7e4cbecb> | CC-MAIN-2018-34 | http://suffe.cool/raytracing.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-34/segments/1534221213666.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20180818114957-20180818134957-00343.warc.gz | en | 0.945084 | 229 | 3.03125 | 3 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.