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Happy International Day of Forests on 21 March – and also happy 25th anniversary to our own Institute. At EFI, on these occasions, we want to shine a light on how forests can help to build sustainable cities and make them climate-smart. Our new video tells the story.
Urban areas are home to more than half the world’s population. They drive the global economy, but are responsible for more than two-thirds of the world’s energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Their importance continues to grow: by 2050 we expect that two-thirds of the global population will live in cities.
As the world continues to urbanize, cities need to play leading role in fighting climate change. They also need to deal with challenges linked to their residents’ increasing demands for water, food, energy and materials.
Wood, trees and forests are essential for sustainable cities
Our forests provide wood, which is the only significant construction material that is renewable and can be grown sustainably. Using wood in construction is one of the most effective carbon sequestration and capture technologies we have. If we replace concrete and steel with wood we can reduce the carbon footprint of a building by around 50%.
Another way to improve the sustainability of cities is to plant trees and urban forests. Trees can cool cities by between 2C and 8C, and if you plant trees near buildings, it can cut air conditioning use by 30%, and reduce heating energy use by 20.50%. Urban forests also clean the air, reduce flood risk and offer health benefits like lowering stress.
EFI celebrates 25 years of connecting knowledge to action
The European Forest Institute is an international organisation established by European States. We currently have 28 member countries, and c.115 Associate and Affiliate Member organisations in 36 countries. In 2018 we celebrate 25 years of research, networking and policy support on forest-related issues.
The European Commissioner for the Environment, Karmenu Vella said “Congratulations on your upcoming anniversary, we place a high value on your work. We are very much looking forward to even more fruitful cooperation in the future!”
- Watch and share the video: Forests for sustainable cities
- Watch the video message from Commissioner Vella
If you want to know more about EFI and our work in the past 25 years, please contact email@example.com
Visit our website: www.efi.int
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Please select a treatment:
What is general surgery?
General surgery is a wide-ranging area of medicine that focuses especially on the abdominal area. General surgeons have an extensive set of skills and knowledge because they have to carry a large number of elective surgeries in the following:
- The alimentary tract
- Abdominal area and its organs
- Breast, skin and soft tissue
- Head and neck including the salivary glands, parathyroid and thyroid
- Vascular system
- Endocrine system
- Surgical oncology
- Intensive care
Some of the most common procedures carried by general surgeons are to treat appendicitis, hernias, gallbladder, stomach and intestinal issues.
We offer the following procedures (but not limited to):
How can BMI Healthcare help
Our consultant general surgeons can help diagnose, treat or manage your symptoms in order to improve your quality of life. We offer fast, direct and convenient appointments where the consultant can decide the best route for you and develop a tailor made treatment package.
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Rising UpOctober 6, 2019 - 12:00 am
“When you take a census of the Israelites to count them, each one must pay the LORD a ransom for his life at the time he is counted. Then no plague will come on them when you number them.”—Exodus 30:12
Jews around the world are observing a time of intense reflection, repentance, and seeking forgiveness known as the Days of Awe, or Ten Days of Repentance. Our devotions during this time relate to this most holy time on the Jewish calendar, which culminates on Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement. To learn more about the Jewish perspective on atonement and its connection to atonement in the Christian faith, download our complimentary Bible study.
What is the worst thing in the world that could ever happen to a human being? To sin. By sinning, we damage ourselves both in this world and in the eternal world to come. Our Bible verse today comes from the Torah portion known as Ki Tisa, meaning “when you raise up,” as in “when you raise up the Israelites.” The interesting thing about this portion is that in it we read about the horrible sin of the golden calf, committed by the children of Israel just as they were about to receive the Ten Commandments.
So the question is why, of all Torah portions, is this one called Ki Tisa? If anything, the theme of this selection is sinking downward into sin!
Let’s back up a minute. You may have noticed that the verse reads: “When you take a census of the Israelites . . .” And this is how both Jews and Christians understand the opening verse to this week’s selection. However, the Jewish sages point out that the literal translation of this verse is: “When you raise up the Israelites . . .” This is no mistake, the sages explain. The use of the term “raise up” provides us with an important insight into the Torah portion in general and sin in particular.
Sin, indeed, is the worst thing in the world that can happen to a person. But the best thing in the world that can happen to any human being is repentance.
While we would all prefer to avoid sin altogether, once the inevitable happens – as it says in Ecclesiastes: “There is not a righteous man on earth who does what is right and never sins” (7:20) – we can choose the ultimate outcome. Either we can remain stuck in our sinful ways and harm ourselves for all of eternity, or we can choose repentance and turn our descent into an ascent.
Repentance not only repairs our relationship with God; it enhances it!
Now we can understand why the Torah portion that describes one of the most infamous sins of all times as a “raising up.” The Israelites did repent and their bond with the Lord was stronger than before. In fact, the day that God finally accepted the repentance of the Israelites and forgave them has become a powerful day for all time. Today, we call that day Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement. This day, every year, is an opportune time for people to receive forgiveness and grow exponentially closer to God.
The power of repentance is available for us every day and at all times. Is there something bogging you down? Climb out of the rut and upward to God. Repent and raise yourself higher. Every fall can keep you down. Or it can inspire you to rise up and stand taller than ever before.
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Dental Implants are a dental treatment to replace missing, broken or loose teeth. Implants replace the original tooth root. Implants are small fixtures or posts made from titanium. Titanium is same biocompatible metal used for orthopaedic plates throughout the body.
Dental implants are permanently fixed in the bone to replace missing teeth. Removable dentures or dental bridges used to be the only options to replace a missing tooth or teeth. Removable dentures need daily removal and cleaning, which can be a hassle.
The modern dental implant procedure involves placing a titanium fixture on the jawbone. The purpose of this titanium fixture is to anchor and support a false tooth, or a false set of teeth. The titanium implants integrate within the jawbone and act as an artificial root. An artificial tooth or crown is mounted on the dental implant. Our dentists advocate for dental implants as they are a effective tooth replacement method. Implants rebuild proper:
chewing and speech ability.
What is the procedure for dental implants?
Dental implants involve a two-step procedure:
In the first step the dentist will take some x-rays and assess your mouth and the implant site. They also assess the quality, density, width and length of the bone where the implant is going to go.
After the assessment, the dental implant will go on the bone. The bone is then allowed to heal. The healing may take 3-6 months. In the meantime, the dentist will make a temporary tooth to cover the implant area. This is usually done for front teeth.
In the second step the dentist assesses the healing of implants.
Once the healing is complete, the dentist will remove the temporary dental implant cap.
A permanent porcelain dental crown is used to fill the space. This is permanently screwed on the implant.
What are the benefits of dental implants?
There are many benefits of using dental implants. Dental implants can prevent bone deterioration that occurs when teeth are missing. They can also preserve your natural facial structure.
Dental implants are a long-term solution. Whilst your implant may need adjustment from time to time, they can last a long time when maintained. We recommend good brushing and flossing of your teeth and proper care of your implants.
Cavities cannot develop in a replacement tooth. This is another key benefit of dental implants.
Our dentists can assist you with your implant needs. Please contact Cohuna Dental, Cohuna to find out more about our implant services. Our dentists will assess your mouth and inform you whether you would benefit from dental implants.
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Figure 2: Social Media History
There are ongoing debates on whether Email could be considered a part of social media. The predominant reasons why Email is not considered a social media are because (i) Email is a distribution mechanism whereas Social Media is a collective mechanism and (ii) Mass communication is different from Mass collaboration.4 But Email certainly qualifies if we go by the simple definition that ‘social media is conversations that happen online’.
Though the debate goes on, we cannot ignore the fact that the introduction of Email marked the beginning to the much more collaborative social media years later.
Computer engineer, Ray Tomlinson invented internet based email in late 1971. Ray Tomlinson worked as a computer engineer for Bolt Beranek and Newman (BBN), the company hired by the United States Defense Department to build the first Internet in 1968.
Ray Tomlinson along with a team was developing a time-sharing system called TENEX that ran on Digital PDP-10 computers. They were supporting a larger group working on natural language. Earlier, Ray Tomlinson had worked on the Network Control Protocol (NCP) for TENEX and network programs such as an experimental file transfer program called CPYNET.
Ray Tomlinson was making improvements to the local inter-user mail program called SNDMSG. Single-computer electronic mail had existed since at least the early 1960's and SNDMSG was an example of that. SNDMSG allowed a user to compose, address, and send a message to other users' mailboxes. The mail box was a file that could be appended but not overwritten. Ray Tomlinson tied his previous experience with CPYNET, a file transfer program with SNDMSG, a file that could be appended and came up with the idea of email, sending direct messages to remote mail boxes in addition to appending messages to local mail boxes.
SNDMSG that the ARPANET programmers and researchers were using on the network computers (Digital PDP-10s) allowed them to leave messages for each other. SNDMSG was a "local" electronic message program. A person could only leave messages on the computer for other persons using that same computer. Tomlinson used the file transfer protocol from CYPNET to adapt the SNDMSG program so it could send electronic messages to any other computer on the ARPANET. The first message was sent between two machines that were literally side by side. The only physical connection they had (aside from the floor they sat on) was through the ARPANET. The first use of network email announced its own existence.
These first messages were sent in late 1971. The next release of TENEX went out in early 1972 and included the version of SNDMSG with network mail capabilities. The CPYNET protocol was soon replaced with a real file transfer protocol having specific mail handling features. Later, a number of more general mail protocols were developed. 5
Usenet is a worldwide distributed Internet discussion system. It developed from the general purpose UUCP architecture of the same name.
Duke University graduate students Tom Truscott and Jim Ellis initiated this in 1980. They improvised the Email concept to share categorized messages. Users could read and post messages to one or more categories. These groups were known as newsgroups.
Usenet was founded based on a necessity. Tom Truscott and Jim Ellis tried to replace the existing BBB style announcement system which became obsolete with a recent software upgrade in their university.
Usenet worked on constantly changing collection of servers that store and forward messages to one another in so-called news feeds. This is different from a BBS or web forum hosted from a central server and dedicated administrator. Individual users may read messages from and post messages to a local server operated by their own Internet service provider, university, or employer. Steve Bellowin assisted in writing the scripts and their ‘net news program linked Duke and University of North Carolina. This software was then made available to the general public as ‘A News’.6
Figure 3: Usenet
LISTSERV scaled up the usage of email communication and proved as an effective way to reach out to a large number of people in an instant.
Prior to LISTSERV, email lists were managed manually. People would have to write to the administrator who manages the list and ask to be added or removed. This process only got more time-consuming as discussion lists grew in popularity.
Eric Thomson, an engineering student tried to automate the process of managing email lists. Eric Thomson’s email list management program, known as LISTSERV became a huge success.
The emailing mechanism was expanded with the introduction of LISTSERV. LISTSERV was the first electronic mailing list software application, in which the sender can send one email and it will reach a group of people. After the launch of LISTSERV in 1986, several other list management tools have been developed, such as Lyris ListManager in 1997, Sympa in 1997, GNU Mailman in 1998.7
LISTSERV was freeware from 1986 through 1993. It is now a commercial product developed by L-Soft, a company founded by LISTSERV author Eric Thomas in 1994.
Email, Usenet and Listserv helped in sharing messages, individually, categorized and also to a group through a list. This still could not replicate the ease of meeting a person face to face. Internet Relay Chat (IRC) introduced in 1988 improved the experience. IRC is a form of chatting. Originally designed for group chatting in discussion forums, this also allowed one-to-one communication via private message as well as chat and data transfers.
As of May 2009, the top 100 IRC networks served more than half a million users at a time
, with hundreds of thousands of channels (the vast majority of which stand mostly vacant), operating on roughly 1,500 servers worldwide.8
IRC was created by Jarkko Oikarinen in August 1988 to replace a program called MUT (MultiUser Talk) on a BBS called OuluBox in Finland. Oikarinen was inspired by chat system known as Bitnet Relay. Jarkko Oikarinen was working in the Department of Information Processing Science in University of Oulu as an administrator for the Sun Server and started working on a communications program during his free time. He wanted to include USENET News kind of systems to the regular real time discussions in their BBS system OuluBox and succeeded.9
IRC was used to report on the 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt throughout a media blackout. It was previously used in a similar fashion during the Gulf War. Logs of these and other events are kept in the ibiblio archive.10
IRC client software is available for nearly every computer operating system that supports TCP/IP networking.
1991: Personal websites, Discussion groups, chat
After the success of IRC, many personal websites, discussion groups and chat groups also became popular. At the beginning of the 90s, internet access was not completely accessible to the public. This situation changed when Private internet service providers (ISPs) began to start operations in the United States around 1994 or 1995. This gave millions of home users the chance to experience it. The other reason for the initial euphoria was the fact that the content was absolutely free other than the data usage paid to the internet companies. Early internet users were extremely outspoken and opinionated by today’s standards. People were thrilled at the possibility of sharing their opinions and often went overboard in their expressions. The first online social media etiquette standards were proposed, and called netiquette, as a control mechanism. Internet forums grew in popularity by the late 90’s and began replacing Usenet and BBSes as the primary platform for topical discussions.
1995: Social Networking site classmate.com
Randy Conrads created Classmates.com in 1995 by. Nielsen Online ranked Classmates as number three in unique monthly visitors (U.S. home, work) among social networking sites in 2008. The objective of this social media website is to assist members in finding friends and acquaintances from throughout their lives, from kindergarten, primary school, high school, college, work and the United States military. Classmates.com has over 50 million members.
Blogs, Podcast, Wikis
The modern blog evolved from the online diary. Justin Hall, who began personal blogging in 1994 is generally recognized as one of the earliest bloggers.11 The other popular blogs are Dave Winer's Scripting News and Wearable Wireless Webcam. Wearable Wireless Webcam was unique in terms of how it combined text, video, and pictures transmitted live from a wearable computer and EyeTap device to a web site in 1994. This practice of semi-automated blogging with live video together with text was referred to as sousveillance. Such entries were considered as legal evidence as well.
Early blogs were simply updates in common Web sites. However, the evolution of tools to facilitate the production and maintenance of Web articles posted in reverse chronological order made the publishing process feasible to a much larger, less technical, population. Ultimately, this resulted in the distinct class of online publishing that produces blogs we recognize today. For instance, the use of some sort of browser-based software is now a typical aspect of "blogging". Blogs can be hosted by dedicated blog hosting services, or they can be run using blog software, or on regular web hosting services. Blogs are recognized as a separate medium in itself.
Some early bloggers, such as The Misanthropic Bitch, who began in 1997, actually referred to their online presence as a zine, before the term blog entered common usage.
After a slow start, blogging rapidly gained in popularity. Blog usage spread during 1999 and the years following, being further popularized by the near-simultaneous arrival of the first hosted blog tools:
* Bruce Ableson launched Open Diary in October 1998. Open Diary was the first in allowing the readers to add comments to the blog entries. 12
* Brad Fitzpatrick started LiveJournal in March 1999.
* Andrew Smales created Pitas.com in July 1999 as an easier alternative to maintaining a "news page" on a Web site, followed by Diaryland in September 1999, focusing more on a personal diary community.
* Evan Williams and Meg Hourihan (Pyra Labs) launched blogger.com in August 1999 (purchased by Google in February 2003)
2005 and beyond
Web2.0 applications and user generated content took over during this time period:-
The term Web 2.0 is commonly associated with web applications that facilitate interactive information sharing, interoperability, user-centered design, and collaboration on the World Wide Web. A Web 2.0 site gives its users the free choice to interact or collaborate with each other in a social media dialogue as creators (prosumer) of user-generated content in a virtual community, in contrast to websites where users (consumer) are limited to the passive viewing of content that was created for them. Examples of Web 2.0 include social-networking sites, blogs, wikis, video-sharing sites, hosted services, web applications, mashups and folksonomies.
The term is closely associated with Tim O'Reilly because of the O'Reilly Media Web 2.0 conference in 2004. Although the term suggests a new version of the World Wide Web, it does not refer to an update to any technical specifications, but rather to cumulative changes in the ways software developers and end-users use the Web. Whether Web 2.0 is qualitatively different from prior web technologies has been challenged by World Wide Web inventor Tim Berners-Lee, who called the term a "piece of jargon", precisely because he intended the Web in his vision as "a collaborative medium, a place where we [could] all meet and read and write". He called it the 'Read/Write Web'.
Amit Agrawal describes web3.0 as the Semantic Web and personalization. Conrad Wolfram has a computer based approach to web 3.0 that web3.0 is about the computer generating new information instead of humans. Today, the problem is not lack of information but too much information. The challenge is making sense of this information and categorizing it appropriately. Web3.0 is more about the tools and techniques to make this information consumption efficient and effective.
Manoj Sharma, an organization strategist, in the keynote "A Brave New World Of Web 3.0" proposes that Web 3.0 will be a "Totally Integrated World" - cradle-to-grave experience of being always plugged onto the net. Andrew Keen, author of The Cult of the Amateur, considers the Semantic Web an "unrealisable abstraction". He points out Bertelsman's deal with the German Wikipedia to produce an edited print version of that encyclopedia. CNN Money's Jessi Hempel speculates Web 3.0 to emerge from new and innovative Web 2.0 services with a profitable business model.
John Smart, author of the Metaverse Roadmap echoes Sharma's perspective that web3.0 will bring out a completely integrated world, defining Web 3.0 as the first-generation Metaverse (convergence of the virtual and physical world), a web development layer that includes TV-quality open video, 3D simulations, augmented reality, human-constructed semantic standards, and pervasive broadband, wireless, and sensors. Web 3.0's early geosocial (Foursquare, etc.) and augmented reality (Layar, etc.) webs are an extension of Web 2.0's participatory technologies and social networks (Facebook, etc.) into 3D space. Of all its metaverse-like developments, Smart suggests Web 3.0's most defining characteristic will be the mass diffusion of NTSC-or-better quality open video to TVs, laptops, tablets, and mobile devices, a time when "the internet swallows the television.”Smart considers Web 4.0 to be the Semantic Web and in particular, the rise of statistical, machine-constructed semantic tags and algorithms, driven by broad collective use of conversational interfaces, perhaps circa 2020.
David Siegel's perspective in Pull: The Power of the Semantic Web, 2009 proposes that the growth of human-constructed semantic standards and data will be a slow, industry-specific incremental process for years to come, perhaps unlikely to tip into broad social utility until after 2020.
Social Media History points out how the entire phenomenon relied on power of the crowd. The technological Innovation had more to do with how a certain technology was combined with something else to bring in the power of social groups than a break through Innovation. Email was only an incremental Innovation of an existing program that let people leave messages on their personal computer. When that was combined with the file transfer program through ARPANET, the scope of reaching people expanded and ultimately resulted in a disruptive innovation.
True to its history, Social Media impact also relies on how well digital technologies are matched with the goal of the company and the need of the target audience.
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|Anway, MD, AS Cupp , M Uzumcu, and MK Skinner. 2005. Epigenetic Transgenerational Actions of Endocrine Disruptors and Male Fertility. Science 308:1466-1469.
Your infertility may be the result of an environmental exposure that your great-grandmother experienced while she was in her mother's womb.
Scientists working with rats have discovered a new mechanism by which fertility impairments can be passed down multiple generations through exposure to endocrine disrupting compounds, even though exposure only took place in the first generation.
In genetic inheritance, traits are passed from one generation to the next via DNA sequences in genes. Differences in a DNA sequence specify differences in a trait.
Epigenetic inheritance involves passing a trait from one generation to the next without a difference in DNA sequence. Known mechanisms of epigenetic inheritance include changes in molecular structures around the DNA so that while the gene is the same, the gene behaves differently. For example, genes switch on and off in response to hormonal signals. Changes in molecular conformation around the gene can prevent that from happening. This can change developmental processes, alter disease resistance, etc.
Latest news about
Anway et al. found that fetal exposure to certain endocrine-disrupting compounds causes effects not only on the individuals exposed in the womb, but also each subsequent generation tested, down to the great-great- grandsons of the exposed mother. Even though the impact was undiminished in each generation tested, only the first generation was exposed to the contaminant.
In each generation tested, almost 10% of males were completely infertile and over 90% had decreased sperm counts.
Most remarkable, according to Anway et al.’s analysis, the impacts were not transmitted by the classic mechanism of inheritance— changes in DNA sequence—but instead through changes in the molecular control of gene expression, in this case by altering patterns of DNA methylation.
This mode of inheritance—epigenetic inheritance— does not involve changes in the DNA sequence. Instead, by changing DNA methylation, the behavior of the genes is altered. They aren't turned on or off at the times they are needed. In this case, they are associated with dramatic reductions in male fertility.
This study is important both because of the toxicological implications and because of its importance to basic evolutionary biology. It is the first report of epigenetic transmission of endocrine-disrupting effects undiminished over multiple generations.
It should be noted that the doses used are high compared to what most people are likely to encounter. It remains to be determined whether lower doses are capable of comparable impacts. But according to the head of the laboratory where this work was done, Dr. Michael Skinner, "We believe this phenomenon will be widespread and be a major factor in understanding how disease develops."
What did they do? Anway et al. examined the effects of vinclozolin and methoxychlor on the male offspring of female rats exposed during a time in pregnancy when a series of developmental processes related to sex determination are taking place.
The timing of exposure was a key part of this experiment. They selected a time during fetal development when the developing embryo may be uniquely sensitive to DNA methylation changes, because it is a time when methylation patterns are being re-programmed. Over this period, day 8 to day 15 after fertilization, the cells that ultimately become the rat's sperm, called the primordial germ cells, migrate into position in the embryo. As they are migrating, a chemical transformation takes place that removes DNA methylation. The methylation pattern is then reinstituted when the sex of the embryo's gonads is set through genetic signaling.
In the experiment, Anway et al. worked with 5 generations of rats: the exposed female and four generations of offspring. Geneticists refer to these five generations as F0, F1, F2, F3, and F4 .
The exposures experienced only by F0, the pregnant female that was injected, and F1, the generation in the womb.
Each experimental F0 female was injected with either vinclozolin or methoxyclor. A control group was injected with the same solution used for experimentals, except that it lacked the pesticides.
After reaching maturity, F1 generation males were bred with F1 generation females from another exposed litter. Control animals were bred with controls from other litters. This was repeated through to F3.
Adult males from generations F1 through F4 were examined after dissection using techniques that allowed Anway et al. to detect changes in sperm known to be caused in F1 by vinclozolin and methoxychlor following exposure in the womb between day 8 and day 15. This effect, called spermatogenic cell apoptosis, involves changes in gene activity that lead to the death of germ cells, decreased sperm number and decreased sperm motility.
In a parallel experiment, Anway et al. bred F1 exposed females to F1 control males. They also bred F1 exposed males to F1 control females. For these animals they examined the F2 generation. This allowed them to ask whether the effect was transmitted through the male or the female line.
What did they find?
Impacts on sperm were detectable in all generations examined. More than 90% of all males from all generations tested had increased spermatogenic cell apoptosis. Sperm numbers were reduced by at least 20%, and sperm motility was reduced 25%-35% (in vinclozolin-line animals).
* = p < 0.001
The male line F2 differed significantly from controls, whereas the female line F2s did not. Hence the effect was transmitted via the male line.
The same patterns were seen for sperm motility and sperm number.
Were the mechanism of inheritance based on DNA mutations, the proportion of males affected would be expected to be much lower, and the proportion affected should decline over multiple generations. Because that was not the case, Anway et al. hypothesized that an epigenetic mechanism was responsible. The only epigenetic mechanism currently known to affect germline transmission involves DNA methylation patterns. They therefore compared experimental and control animals for changes in DNA methylation, using standard approaches based on polymerase chain reaction analysis.
They found over 20 methylation patterns that were different in the F1-F3 exposed animals compared to controls. The differences included both hypermethylation and hypomethylation events. Changes were seen in approximately 25% of the sperm DNA that was analyzed.
What does it mean?
An article in the Seattle Post-Intelligencer captured it succinctly: "It's just a study involving a few rats with fertility problems in Pullman, but the findings could lead to fundamental changes in how we look at environmental toxins, cancer, heritable diseases, genetics and the basics of evolutionary biology."
This study raises some very big questions and challenges. The first question is whether these effects take place at lower levels of exposure, because the doses used were high compared to what people are likely to experience. That can't be answered without further experiment. Certainly the recent history of toxicology indicates that events at doses lower than traditionally tested are surprisingly relevant.
More work needs to be done to confirm that indeed changes in DNA methylation is the cause of the effects. Anway et al. did find altered methylation patterns, but as they note, it is possible that something else was responsible both for the altered methylation and the declines in fertility.
The bigger questions, however, go in two very different directions, one toward toxicology and epidemiology, the other toward basic evolutionary biology.
For toxicology and especially the study of the effects of exposures on humans, the implications of this work are truly astounding. What this indicates is that my fertility--baby boomer fertility--is vulnerable to events that were unfolding generations ago. My great-great grandmother was pregnant in the mid-1800s, a time when none of the synthetic chemicals of current concern, like phthalates and bisphenol A or DDT had been invented. Pregnant women in my generation were exposed, prior to and during pregnancy, to thousands of chemicals not part of human biological history. What does this mean for their great-great grandchildren?
Here at OurStolenFuture.org, we have been relatively confident that the low doses upon which we focus, those that alter hormonal signaling and thus change gene expression, did not have effects that would be transmitted to unexposed generations. As we wrote in the book, the fundamental genetic blueprint was not altered.
This study suggests that may be wrong. The genetic blueprint isn't being changed in the classic sense... there are no changes in DNA sequence. But the epigenetic mechanism that Anway et al. have discovered indicates there is another, non-classical means for effects to be transferred across generations.
If further research demonstrates that this mechanism is working at environmentally relevant levels, how will epidemiologists cope? They have had a very challenging time with fetal exposures and adult effects... in fact they've barely scratched the surface. This multiplies their challenge incalculably. What epidemiologist will have data on my great-great grandmother's experience? On a very practical basis, this suggests that the problem of 'false negatives' could be even worse than it is now. Studies that fail to factor in transgenerational exposure information could conclude wrongly that a chemical was not having an effect, because there was no evidence of exposure in the current generation.
If low doses prove to be relevant for this effect, given the widespread exposure that has taken place over the past 50 years, these data would predict that fertility declines will continue.
For basic biologists, this paper opens a fascinating new debate in the study of inheritance and evolution. Environmental experiences can re-program the male germ line without altering DNA sequence. This narrowly re-opens the door on the possibility of inheriting acquired characteristics, via a mechanism that neither Lamarck nor Darwin could have anticipated.
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Small Size Federal Reserve Notes $20 - 1934
Small Size-Federal Reserve Notes
Small size Federal Reserve Notes (FRNs) are the mainstay of the notes we currently use today. Although they were issued in denominations of $1 to $10,000, only the $1 to $100 are in current use today. On July 14, 1969 President Nixon signed into law a bill requiring any ,denomination over $100 bill be returned to the Treasury Department to be destroyed. The last $500 to $10,000 were last printed in 1946 and were stopped being issued by the Federal Reserve Banks in 1969 by then President Richard Nixon. All FRN issues have a Green Seal.
- The $1 FRN was ,,issued in 1963 to current date
- The $2 FRN was ,,issued in 1976, 1995 and 2003.
- The $5 FRN to $100 FRNs was issued in 1928, 1934, 1950 series and current to date.
- The $500 to $10,000 FRNs were series of 1928 and 1934 only.
Home - Currency Home -
Coins Home - About Us -
Account Log-In - FAQs -
Want Lists - News/Blogs -
Currency Census -
Terms & Conditions
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Over ten years ago I was diagnosed with celiac disease. About six months ago one of my children (now 19) developed symptoms of celiac.
He had a blood test and an endoscopy with multiple biopsies done. Both were negative. His symptoms clearly resolve on a gluten-free diet though. Either the tests were falsely negative or he has non-celiac gluten sensitivity.
Earlier this month researchers at the University of Maryland Center for Celiac Research released results of a study which showed that there are differences between celiac disease and gluten sensitivity. The two are considered to be part of a spectrum of disorders caused by gluten. However, Dr. Fasano said,
“We found differences in levels of intestinal permeability and expression of genes regulating the immune response in the gut mucosa,”
It is good news that doctors are recognizing gluten sensitivity as a true medical condition. Doctors at the University of Maryland expect information from studies such as this one to lead to new diagnostic tools and treatments for those with gluten sensitivity.
You can read more about the study at these sites:
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H I C A G O
R I B U T E
United States Senator
Douglas moved from Vermont
to southern Illinois
at age 20 to begin his career in law and politics,
rising quickly among the Democrats of Illinois.
In the Senate, he advocated
and the continued expansion of the United States.
As slavery divided the nation, Douglas sought
to engineer political solutions such as the
Compromise of 1850 and the Kansas-Nebraska
Act of 1854. He articulated a doctrine of popular
sovereignty, which held that the people of the western territories
themselves decide whether slavery would be permitted. His position became
difficult to maintain by the time of the 1858 Lincoln-Douglas debates. When
the Civil War shattered his compromises in 1861, he supported the Union.
In Chicago, Douglas
was a land speculator and civic leader. He bought
thousands of acres on the South and West Sides. His most prized property
was along the lake shore in what is today the Douglas neighborhood. He
donated ten acres of this land to the original University of Chicago, which
survived for three decades at this site, 35th Street and Cottage Grove
Avenue. During the Civil War, part of Douglass land became Camp Douglas,
army camp and prison for Confederate soldiers.
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| 3
|
Subjects and verbs must AGREE with one another in number (singular or plural). Thus, if a subject is singular, its verb must also be singular; if a subject is plural, its verb must also be plural.
In present tenses, nouns and verbs form plurals in opposite ways:
nouns ADD an s to the singular form,
verbs REMOVE an s from the singular form.
Here are nine subject-verb agreement rules.
1. A phrase or clause between subject and verb does not change the number of the subject.
2. Indefinite pronouns as subjects
PLURAL: several, few, both, many
EITHER SINGULAR OR PLURAL: some, any, none, all, most
Sugar is uncountable; therefore, the sentence has a singular verb.
Marbles are countable; therefore, the sentence has a plural verb.
3. Compound subjects joined by and are always plural.
4. With compound subjects joined by or/nor, the verb agrees with the subject nearer to it.
In the above example, the plural verb are agrees with the nearer subject actors.
In this example, the singular verb is agrees with the nearer subject director.
5. Inverted Subjects must agree with the verb.
6. Collective Nouns (group, jury, crowd, team, etc.) may be singular or plural, depending on meaning.
In this example, the jury is acting as one unit; therefore, the verb is singular.
In this example, the jury members are acting as twelve individuals; therefore, the verb is plural.
7. Titles of single entities (books, organizations, countries, etc.) are always singular.
8. Plural form subjects
In this example, politics is a single topic; therefore, the sentence has a singular verb.
In this example, politics refers to the many aspects of the situation; therefore, the sentence has a plural verb.
Note: In this example, the subject of the sentence is pair; therefore, the verb must agree with it. (Because scissors is the object of the preposition, scissors does not affect the number of the verb.)
9. With subject and subjective complement of different number, the verb always agrees with the subject.
10-A. With one of those ________ who, use a plural verb.
The above example implies that others besides Hannah like to read comic books. Therefore, the plural verb is the correct form to use.
10-B. With the only one of those ________who, use a singular verb.
The above example implies that no one else except for Hannah likes to read comic books. Therefore, the singular verb is the correct for to use.
the number of _______, use a
a number of _______, use a
12. With every ______ and many a ________, use a singular verb.
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Getting your daily dose of sunshine comes with a lot of benefits. It replenishes your body’s vitamin D supply, an essential nutrient that boosts the immune system and puts you in a sunny disposition, too.
On the other hand, it also has its downsides. In this article, we’ll discuss photosensitivity and what it does to your skin in particular, and known photosensitive cosmetic treatments that warn against direct UV light exposure to achieve the best results.
Let’s delve right in!
Photosensitivity is a heightened allergic reaction when your skin is exposed to UV light, whether naturally through sunlight or from a tanning bed. It manifests as itchy and red sunburn or skin rash (photodermatosis), which can also develop to eczematous (photodermatitis).
There are two types of photosensitivity reactions.
It is triggered by a specific ingredient in a drug or skincare product or treatment administered either orally or topically. A phototoxic reaction can occur within minutes of exposure to UV rays, with symptoms only appearing on the parts of the skin that were exposed.
It is caused by drugs, products, or treatment directly applied to the skin. It stimulates a cascade of an antibody attack that views sun exposure as a threat. Symptoms of this type of photosensitivity are much more severe and involve inflamed rashes, blisters, angry red bumps, and skin lesions that start days after treatment and UV exposure.
Several factors can make you photosensitive. Photosensitizers frequently cause photosensitivity reactions in drugs and skincare products.
The Skin Cancer Foundation has an extensive list of topical and oral medications connected to photosensitivity. The most notorious ones include certain types of:
There’s a long list of illnesses that predisposes you to hypersensitivity to harmful ultraviolet light. Exposure to the sun can exacerbate the existing symptoms of these diseases, which are commonly autoimmune diseases or inherited genetic disorders. Here are some examples.
If you noticed, the majority of the post-treatment care guidelines would warn against going outdoors without wearing sunscreen or covering the treatment site with protective clothing or a hat, in the case of the facial area. It’s because some cosmetic procedures can make your skin vulnerable to harsh ultraviolet rays and can lead to painful and unpleasant side effects.
Here’s a complete rundown of photosensitive cosmetic treatments.
Whatever hair removal technique you’re using, it puts your skin at risk to photosensitivity. It does not matter whether you are waxing, applying creams, or going through laser or electrolysis treatment to achieve flawless and hair-free skin. The hair follicles and the surrounding skin area are still raw and would be too sensitive to the scorching heat of the sun.We highly recommend that you cover up or skip any outdoor activity that can put you in a compromising situation before and after a waxing or laser hair removal procedure.
Are you doing an at-home or in-clinic chemical peel treatment? Either way, we would strongly discourage tanning or sun exposure for your sake. Chemical peels down old, dull layers of the skin to reveal a fresh new layer that is more radiant and youthful in appearance. It is made possible by the fast-acting acid ingredients that they contain, which also makes you sensitive to sunlight.
Laser skin treatments are often dismissed as photosensitive cosmetic treatments that temporarily increase your risk of hypersensitivity to ultraviolet light. The basis is that laser treatment targets the skin’s pigmentation, also known as melanin, and when your skin is tanned, it confuses the light and messes up your treatment. As a result, it triggers excessive production of melanin in the area and can cause side effects, such as hyperpigmentation or uneven skin tone.
Here at APT Medical Spa, we offer laser treatments that deliver dramatic positive effects and effectively address various skin issues, from acne, premature aging, and blemishes. These include:
Our laser treatments are generally safe. They are administered by licensed aesthetic professionals that are thoroughly trained to give you the best cosmetic treatment experience possible.
In summary, light-based treatments and skin resurfacing procedures make you prone to photosensitivity. Should you shun these treatments altogether? Definitely no. The benefits of these photosensitive cosmetic treatments significantly outweigh the risks. Furthermore, it’s not necessary to postpone your appointments during the summer season.
As long as you seek treatment from a reputable aesthetician and stick to proactive skincare steps with emphasis on sun protection, you can count that you’ll get nothing but optimum results.
Check out these sun care tips!
Apply it on your face and other exposed parts of the skin, at least 30 minutes before going outside.
Don’t stay out under the sun for too long, even if you’re wearing sunscreen.
If planning a trip or exciting outdoor activities with friends and family, we suggest that you do it at a time when you have completed your photosensitive cosmetic treatments, and your skin has fully healed already.
We encourage you to be as detailed as possible during your visit with us to help us assess you to the best that we can and to prevent any untoward incident related to photosensitivity and other adverse effects.
At APT, we give a list of do’s and don’ts for clients to follow after they go through photosensitive cosmetic treatments.
For more information on how to book a consultation, contact APT today!
Contact APT Medical Aesthetics now. Whether you want to book an appointment, find out a bit more about our services, or want to simply ask a few questions, we would love to hear from you!
1276A Cornwall Road,
Oakville ON, L6J 7W5
Subscribe to our e-newsletter and be the first to hear about our latest news and promotions.
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Colour mutations are caused by a malfunction in the production of some of the pigments in the skin of animals called chromatophores. This malfunction inhibits the production of pigment cells (Broghammer, 2000). The cause of this malfunction is genetic. Many of the mutations exhibited by reptiles have this basic malfunction of pigment production. It affects several of the different colour pigments present in their skin.
In the following sections we will be discussing all of the major colour and pattern mutations. It is important to note that these mutations have only just begun to become really established in the reptile-breeding hobby in Australia. We are still very inexperienced in comparison to other countries like America and Europe. Colour and pattern serves as a means to conceal and protect reptiles in their natural environment.
Snakes have evolved over millions of years and are well adapted to the variety of habitats they occupy. Their skin gives them protection and their colours and patterns disguise them for the purposes of concealment and ambush.
Reptile skin consists of different layers of cells containing various pigments. These pigments all contribute to the final pattern and colour of the animal. Pigment cells and their disorders are what usually causes the abnormal colours in reptiles and are essentially developmental, structural and functional in origin. In cold—blooded vertebrates there are three fundamentally distinct types. (Bechtel, 1995).
Pigment cells produce different pigments and it is when all these pigments are arranged, layer upon layer that we get to see the distinctive colours and patterns that are known in reptiles today. It is the cooperation and partnership between these cells that enables reptiles to develop distinct colours and patterns.
Colour and pattern mutations are generally the result of a malfunction in one or more of these pigment cells. This malfunction is usually caused by a mutated gene or allele in the cell make up of that animal. In the following sections we will be discussing several of these genetic malfunctions or mutations and how they are presented to us. It is this malfunction in some of these pigments that allow Herpetoculturists to selectively breed animals that exhibit these unusual mutations.
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Our telescopes have been gazing into the deepest parts of the universe, unraveling mysterious findings as well as hinting at others. Ever since man stepped on the moon, we have envisioned to explore what’s beyond and form mankind’s first mark on the un-explored planets of the solar system. While NASA plans to land humans on Mars in 2030s, Voyager 1 — the space craft that has traveled the furthest from Earth than any man made object in existence — has entered interstellar space to show us the cosmos like never before.
We’ve talked enough about interstellar travel. Literature on the topic is immense, and sci-fi movies like Interstellar have explored the possibility of entering interstellar realm for search of habitable worlds. Existing technologies severely limit our ability to step out anywhere beyond Low Earth Orbit, yet we envisage ways to traverse astronomical expanses for exploration.
When Alan Eustace broke the sound barrier by skydiving from the stratosphere, the world began to speculate if we can break the light speed barrier. However, the idea of faster than light travel remained a conjecture. After all, there’s physics to cheat if we are to go FTL.
“Warp Drive” is a term used for a faster-than-light (FTL) spacecraft propulsion system. It has been widely used in many science fiction works, and is one of the fundamental features of the Star Trek franchise. The Warp Drive works on the idea that space is not empty, but a fabric (as described in the Theory of Relativity) that can be distorted by matter. Warp fields generated by this matter form a subspace bubble which envelops a space craft while distorting the space-time continuum, thus moving the star ship at greater than light velocities. This idea was first suggested by a Mexican physicist Miguel Alcubierre in 1994
Alcubierre’s idea of a warp drive included a football shaped space craft encircled by a ring of exotic matter. This ring would allow the space ship to stay in a bubble of flat space-time, whereas the region around the space-ship would be warped.
A warp bubble surrounding a starship, which protects the ship and crew members as space and time distorts.
It seemed like a fantastic idea! There shall be no limit to the velocity a star-ship can attain. Enormous G-forces would not affect the star-ship and crew due to weightlessness. Moreover, the crew would not suffer the time dilation entities suffer due to traveling at near light velocities, as the passage of time inside the warp bubble and outside would be same.
A ring-shaped warp drive device could transport a football-shape starship (center) to effective speeds faster than light.
Exploiting this concept, we’ll get to travel large distances without having to deal with the limitations imposed by physics.
So, why haven’t we engineered such a device? Because, calculations suggest that such a device would require prohibitive amounts of energy. Theoretically, the minimum energy required to run a warp drive is almost equivalent to the mass-energy of the planet Jupiter
Warp Drive: Science Fiction to Fact
However, fresh calculations of the energy required to warp space-time suggest that the much fantasized warp drive may become a reality in the distant future.
The voracious energy calculations obtained earlier were further speculated by Harold White — a physicist and team lead at NASA’s Advanced Propulsion Team. He proposed that if the ring circling the space craft was rounded rather than kept flat, there would be tremendous energy reductions. Enough to be powered by energy equivalent to the mass of a space-craft like Voyager-1 probe of NASA.
Moreover, the energy required can be reduced even further if the intensity of the space-warps can be oscillated over time. There findings change the plausibility of a warp drive. From impractical, to worthy of further investigation.
Harold G. White, a NASA physicist, is working on the concept of warp drive, like on “Star Trek.”
Following this, White and his colleagues have set up a mini version of the warp drive in their laboratory. Their setup includes a the White-Juday Warp Field Interferometer at the Johnson Space Center that instigates micro versions of space-time warps.The team is trying to perturb space-time by one part in 10 million. This is a small step towards creating a real life warp drive.
Why bother about Interstellar Travel?
“If we’re ever going to become a true space-faring civilization, we’re going to have to think outside the box a little bit, were going to have to be a little bit audacious”
Sooner or later, Earth will be facing a booming population, dwindling resources and ecosystem change due to global warming. As an intelligent species, we can change our environment and use technologies that can transform a civilization to further survival.
We are still battling the question — whether space exploration is a viable solution to the problems this civilization is yet to face, is it an insurmountable barrier. Or is it too much work to move to another planet and establish colonies there.
Long before characters like Captain Kirk and Jean Luc Picard embodied our “sci-fi notions” of interstellar travel, people have looked to the stars and envisioned an interstellar future. Unfortunately, their vision is all too often stymied by politics, financial limitations and social stigma, and visionaries are relegated to “dreamers” and scientists are viewed with disdain. At first, every bizarre idea receives critical slams, yet every idea implemented takes mankind to a whole different level of evolution.
But one thing’s for sure: Interstellar travel is a possible solution to keep humanity from possible extinction scenarios. The question isn’t if, but when will we achieve interstellar travel? Although, we are far from becoming a space faring civilization, that won’t deter us from exploring the unknown beyond.
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There's simply no easier way to freecycle than with GreenGonzo.
As an experiment GreenGonzo are testing out their new dictionary facility. If you want to
use our freecycling services please visit our main website. If you want to search our
dictionary please use the box below.
- To end all resistance; to give up; to go along with or comply; may imply compliance with an enemy or to end all resistance because of loss of hope
He argued and hollered for so long that I finally capitulated just to make him stop.
- The Nuttall Encyclopedia
Ca*pit"u*late (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Capitulated; p.
pr. & vb. n. Capitulating.] [LL.
capitulatus, p. p. of capitulare to capitulate: cf.
F. capituler. See Capitular, n.]
1. To settle or draw up the heads or terms
of an agreement, as in chapters or articles; to agree.
There capitulates with the king . . . to
take to wife his daughter Mary.
There is no reason why the reducing of any
agreement to certain heads or capitula should not be called to
2. To surrender on terms agreed upon
(usually, drawn up under several heads); as, an army or a
The Irish, after holding out a week,
Ca*pit"u*late, v. t. To
surrender or transfer, as an army or a fortress, on certain
- Webster's Unabridged Dictionary (1913)
You arrived here by searching for Capitulte
The correct spelling of this word ought to be: Capitulate
Thank you for trying out the GreenGonzo encyclopedia. This is an experimental directory and we cannot explicitly
vouch for its accuracy.
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FileFormat.com is your one stop for guidance about file formats. Its unique combination of file format wiki, news and support forums give you the opportunity to get knowledge about file types and engage in fruitful discussion with file format community.
Spreadsheet File Formats
The Spreadsheet file format category includes file formats that can be processed by spreadsheet applications like Microsoft Excel, OpenOffice Writer and others. Let us have a look at some of these file formats.
What is an XLS file?
Files with XLS extension represent Excel Binary File Format. Such files can be created by Microsoft Excel as well as other similar spreadsheet programs such as OpenOffice Calc or Apple Numbers. File saved by Excel are known as Workbook where each workbook can have one or more worksheets. Data is stored and displayed to users in table format in worksheet and can span numeric values, text data, formulas, external data connections, images and charts. Applications like Microsoft Excel lets you export workbook data to several different formats including PDF, CSV, XLSX, TXT, HTML, XPS and several others.
What is an XLSX file?
XLSX is well-known format for Microsoft Excel documents that was introduced by Microsoft with the release of Microsoft Office 2007. Based on structure organized according to the Open Packaging Conventions as outlined in OOXML standard ECMA-376, the new format is a zip package that contains a number of XML files. The underlying structure and files can be examined by simply unzipping the .xlsx file using any supporting utility.
What is an ODS file?
Files with ODS extension stand for OpenDocument Spreadsheet Document format that are editable by user. Data is stored inside ODF file into rows and columns. It is XML-based format and is one of the several subtypes in the Open Document Formats (ODF) family. The format is specified as part of the ODF 1.2 specifications published and maintained by OASIS. A number of applications on Windows as well as other operating systems can open ODS files for editing and manipulation including Microsoft Excel, NeoOffice and LibreOffice. ODS files can also be converted into other spreadsheet formats as well like XLS, XLSX and others by different applications.
File Format Resources
File Format News – Your one stop for all the news related to file formats from around the world
File Format Forums – Post your queries in file format forums to get useful information from file format experts and community users
File Format Wiki – Explore file format categories and files of different formats
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For a number of reasons, your device (computer, smart phone, tablet, smart TV, etc.) likes to be restarted. This includes both restarting (a.k.a. rebooting), as well as shutting down (a.k.a. powering off) and then powering back on.
This cycle clears memory, flushes cache, closes all running programs, as well as many other tasks, all which may very likely fix the problem you are having.
Believe it or not, many many many....many times, we find devices are not turned on. You can usually tell that a device is not on by an indicator light.
Confirm that it is on, and if it isn't, turn it on!
Double and triple check that all power cables, network cables, and "whatever-else" cables are plugged in correctly and firmly.
Power cables: you can typically confirm that they are connected by turning the device on, or by some light indicating the device is on and powered.
Network cables: you can typically confirm that they are connect correctly by listening for a click when inserting them. Also, if they are properly connected, you should notice lights flashing near the insertion point.
Monitor cables: make sure they are pushed in all the way. If they have screws on the connectors, screw them in.
Printers and other devices: many devices use USB connectors. Try plugging in to a different USB port on your computer.
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Army Animal Care Specialist (MOS 68T) assist with the prevention and control of diseases that are transmitted from animal to human.
Animal Care Specialist also care for government-owned animals.
These specialist assist the Veterinarian in the care and treatment of animals.
Qualifications and Training
Recruits who wish to enter into this MOS must receive a minimum score of 91 on the Skilled Technical (ST) portion of the ASVAB test.
To enter into this position recruits must provide transcripts that show a minimum of 1 year of both algebra and biological sciences, at the High School or higher level, with at least a “C” grade.
Job training includes 10 weeks of Basic Combat Training.
Soldiers will then attend Advanced Individual Training for 11 weeks.
AIT includes practice in animal care and patient care techniques, at the Department of Veterinary Science.
It is about 75% hands-on training and 25% classroom work.
Skills that are helpful in this Department of Defense position include:
- Ability to work under stress
- Ability to follow precise instructions under stress
- Enjoy assisting others
- Interest in a career involving science and biology
Related Article –101 Military Care Package Ideas
What are the Job Duties of an Animal Care Specialist?
Soldiers in this MOS may work in veterinary clinics, research facilities or field units in any location, world-wide.
Animal Care Specialist work under the supervision of Veterinarians and complete both care and research.
Animal Care Specialist provide routine care for animals in the location that they work in.
This can be for government-owned animals, Military Working Dogs and research animals.
Specialist also see personal pets owned by soldiers.
Care is not always given at the clinic, sometimes they are required to visit the animal in other areas to perform check-ups and treatment.
Research and Disease Prevention
Soldiers in this MOS are tasked with disease prevention.
Disease prevention involves preventing disease in animals and preventing the potential spread of diseases from animals to humans.
Specialist prevent disease in animals by ensuring they have the proper care and treatment.
They also keep a close eye for potential outbreaks of conditions such as Rabies.
When conducting research, specialist will identify parasites or other abnormal issues.
Specialist perform a variety of care functions.
They assist Veterinarians with ultrasounds, x-rays, surgeries and exams.
The specialist will conduct surveys of the animal, including checking temperature, checking their mouth/teeth and feeling for any abnormalities in their skin.
They will complete physical examinations of all animals.
Any abnormalities are reported to the Veterinarian for further treatment.
If the treatment requires it, the specialist will create a plaster using plaster-casting techniques.
Part of their job is to collect samples including blood and urine.
Specialist will properly restrain animals prior to an exam, for the safety of veterinary staff and the animal.
To better diagnose an issue, the specialist with collect ear swab, skin swabs and postmortem samples and then run laboratory tests on those samples.
There may be times when the specialist has to assist in euthanasia of an animal.
Animal care is not always scheduled.
Specialist must assist in emergency situations and be able to work under the pressure.
Related Article –Army Dental Specialist (MOS 68E): Career Details
Specialist ensure that the veterinary clinic or research area they work with, is clean at all times.
They sanitize and clean all cages, research areas, exam and operating areas.
Part of the office duties includes keeping records of all animal care procedures and animal files.
They may be required to set appointments, take payment and answer the phone.
Animal Care Specialist will sterilize any surgical equipment used and prepare the equipment for scheduled procedures.
Specialist are trained on the proper way to administer medications.
This can include immunizations and topical treatments.
One treatment that specialist have to perform is placing an animal under anesthesia.
This process requires additional steps and monitoring.
Specialist will review the animals history to determine if there are any safety risks to placing it under anesthesia.
They will run calculations to administer the correct dosage, monitor the animal while under anesthesia and while it is in recovery.
They are also trained on ordering/receiving medication shipments, organizing the inventory and running inventory procedures.
Specialist will ensure correct dosages and dispose of expired medications.
See a list of all US Army MOS’ here.
Military Working Dogs
Army Animal Care Specialist are the ones who ensure Military Working Dogs are working at top performance.
During training, specialist learn how to clean their teeth, assist them when they are sick and learn proper injury protocols.
The specialist perform all functions from checking the dogs pulse to placing it under anesthesia.
These skills are used in the field in emergency situations and when dogs are brought into the veterinary clinic.
The Army video below provides more information on job duties and training.
What Does an Animal Care Specialist get Paid?
Animal Care Specialist will receive an annual pay of around $20,000 a year.
This pay is an estimated amount based on recruits who do not have Military experience.
The amount will adjust while in training and will increase as rank increases.
This estimated base pay does not include allowances, benefits or special pay opportunities.
You can follow the base pay table below to get an idea of Army pay.
|Insignia||Pay Grade||Rank||Abbreviation||Minimum Monthly Pay|
|E-2||Private Second Class||PV2||$2,001|
|E-3||Private First Class||PFC||$2,104|
|E-7||Sergeant First Class||SFC||$3,208|
|E-9||Command Sergeant Major||CSM||$5,473|
|E-9||Sergeant Major of the Army||SMA||$5,473|
Related Article –Army Pharmacy Specialist (MOS 68Q): Career Details
The Army provides generous benefits in comparison to most civilian positions.
One of the benefits that the Army offers, that most civilian positions do not offer, is free housing and food to soldiers who live on base.
The Army has recruiting bonuses for certain positions and special pay for specific scenarios.
They offer an annual clothing allowance for Military Clothing.
They also offer tuition assistance programs that allow most soldiers to attend college for little to zero cost.
Army benefits include medical, dental, paid sick time, 30 days vacation and low-cost life insurance options.
Most reviews of this position state that the job is what you make of it.
Previous Animal Care Specialist discuss being able to work with animals as one of the positive aspects of the position.
Other positive reviews note that the culture is great.
You gain meaningful relationships, not just with your co-workers, but with the animal owners as well.
Negative reviews note that the position can be demanding.
It is a 24/7 job, as emergencies can leave you working long hours.
Other negative reviews discuss the impact that a supervisor can have on your work.
The reviews below provide an outlook into a day in the life of an Animal Care Specialist.
Related Article-Army MOS 25Q: Career Details
Civilian Career Opportunities
Working as an Animal Care Specialist provides experience and discipline.
The skills that are gained in this MOS allows for civilian career opportunities as a veterinary aide or assistant.
It also allows for civilian positions as Nonfarm Animal Caretakers, Laboratory Animal Caretaker and Veterinary Technologist.
Through the Army’s COOL program, specialist have an opportunity at receiving certifications that assist with Army promotions and civilian career opportunities.
Some of these certifications can even be funded through the GI Bill.
Certification examples include Certified Manager or Animal Resources and Laboratory Animal Technologist.
Army Animal Care Specialist (MOS 68T) assist in the care of Military animals.
They work under the direction of the Veterinarian to prevent the spread of diseases and complete research.
This is an entry-level position that has certain science class requirements, ASVAB testing requirements and requires individuals to attend Basic Training.
Pay for this position will follow the Army base pay table and also includes benefits.
Previous Army Animal Care Specialist review the position as positive for the aspects of working with animals and the camaraderie that is built.
After soldiers leave the Army, civilian career opportunities related to this position include Veterinary Aid or assistant.
Related Article- Army Practical Nursing Specialist (MOS 68C): Career Details
- 15 Series MOS: US Army Aviation Jobs - July 1, 2020
- 68 Series MOS: A List of Medical Field Jobs in the Army - June 26, 2020
- 7 Army Bonuses For 2021 - March 31, 2020
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This online course – Norwegian for beginners – is mainly made for learners with Estonian, Latvian, or Lithuanian background, as the dictionary function and grammar explanations for the course are in these languages. However, it can also be used by other users too. This course is best suitable if you have some basic knowledge in Norwegian (A1), but as all the words are explained, also complete beginners can use the course.
We follow five main characters from Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania, and meet them in everyday situations in Norway, job and social activities, through 64 lessons and 5 topics:
personal and social life;
daily life, leisure time and travel;
work, education and economy;
body and health;
society and public services.
All texts have audio files and some of them even humorous animations. In the texts you can click on practically any word, and get translation into three languages: Estonian, Latvian, and Lithuanian. There are several different task types – quizzes, fill in the gap, crosswords, etc. You get response as soon as you finish the tasks.
There are in all 64 lessons in 5 topics with more than 200 exercises and about 2000 words. The average user will use about 70 hours to go through the whole course. You get access for 70 days. If you finish the whole course with teacher, you get an electronic certificate.
1200 NOK, without teacher
2600 NOK, with teacher (including 2 sessions of 30 minutes online conversation, 5 written tasks with teacher’s correction and comments).
Norwegian for beginners helps you to reach A2-level in Norwegian Bokmål through texts and tasks, it is also suitable for B1-learners for repetition. The course helps you to develop vocabulary, grammar, reading skills and listening skills. If you want to develop oral and writing skills, you might want to work with a teacher.
Ja takk! Send meg mer informasjon om nettkurset Norsk for begynnere
Background information about Norwegian for beginners
Norwegian for beginners is a result as a cooperation project supported by NORDPLUS. The course has been developed by Norwegian language specialists from University of Bergen in Norway, as well as specialists from universities and language schools in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Iceland and Denmark, as a part of the NORDPLUS project eNordisk.
Read the course description in Norwegian and the Baltic languages:
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Small-scale farmers in various parts of the world use multiple cropping methods now. For decades, it has been regarded as the most cost-effective and lucrative farming method for them. And even in today’s era, this cropping system ensures the best benefits to many farmers.
If you are a farmer, adopting the practice of multiple cropping can be a great financial boon to your farm. The practice of multiple cropping makes it possible for you to increase the yield of your existing farm, while also providing other economic benefits.
This article explains multiple cropping in detail. Studying this concept will help you decide whether or not it is the right option for your farm next season.
What is Multiple Cropping or Multicropping?
Multi cropping or multiple cropping is the process of using a single growing area to grow multiple crops. That means farmers can harvest a second crop seed in the same plot within proximity to another crop.
This practice of multiple cropping is also known as intercropping system. When it’s done correctly, this harvesting technique can lead to cost savings, improved pest management, and increased yields with robust irrigation scheduling.
Types of Multiple Cropping Systems
Multiple cropping is primarily divided into three types that may include the following categories,
- Monoculture: Monoculture is the practice of growing only one crop in a field. For instance, this cropping system requires you to plant the same seeds, such as rice seeds, in your farming plot year after year.This harvesting technique provides less biodiversity and makes it more susceptible to pests and bad weather.
- Duoculture: Duoculture is a year-round crop rotations system. In this system, two crops are cultivated one after the other on the same block of land. The technique is simple: plant one crop (rice) in the wet season and the other crop (jute) in the dry season.
- Polyculture: Planting multiple crops in a year is called polyculture, and it’s a practice that helps build a sustainable food system that doesn’t damage the environment.Also, by planting such a wide variety of plant species, farmers can work to mitigate many problems. For example, farmers might plant more winter crops during a season with low rainfall.
How Can You Do Multiple Cropping?
There are multiple techniques to grow cover crops through multiple cropping that yield seasonal benefits to a global irrigated cropland. These four techniques will provide you with the most comprehensive methods in the multi-cropping system.
- Intercropping: This is the practice of growing several crops in proximity. By simultaneously growing a number of crops on the same land, farmers can maximize their harvest yields.Intercropping provides a shield against damage from pests and disease, reduces weeds and crop diseases, and makes harvesting easier.
- Rotations: This is a farming practice that primarily focuses on sequential cropping. For instance, when farmers harvest different kinds of corn in their farming land in a sequential manner, it can be considered crop rotations.Corp rotations help build soil fertility, reduce weed pressure, and ensure yield advantage.
- Agroforestry: Agroforestry is the practice of interplanting of combining trees and shrubs with crops or pastureland to create a sustainable growing environment.Having a healthy tree population in conjunction with your farm can provide many benefits, such as cleaning the air and water, reducing erosion, and increasing wildlife habitat.
- Green Manuring: Green Manure is a farming practice used to capture and store atmospheric nitrogen in the soil or crop residues. It’s also an excellent organic fertilizer. Green manuring adds nutrients to the soil and helps to control weeds. It also adds organic matter to the soil, which promotes microbial activity and enrichment.
What Crops Should You Start Multiple Cropping Systems with?
These plants include vegetables like lettuce and cabbage, fruits like apples and pears, and even other mixed crops like wheat! You can also plant some perennial crops to get the most out of your harvest.
What are the Benefits of Multiple Cropping?
Multiple cropping systems mean different harvesting crops within the same land at the same time. Specifically, these crop species don’t have any growing season that makes it possible for the farmers to harvest at any time of the year and count a better profit from it.
To talk about the overall benefits of multiple cropping, there are certainly a few points to highlight, but one of the most significant benefits of various cropping is that it allows farmers to produce not only just one crop but also some other varieties that people can enjoy year-round.
Besides, by switching between different types of crops, farmers can help improve their soil and appeal to a variety of customers. And with the wide array of produce grown across the globe, it’s nearly guaranteed that there’s a crop for everyone in the world!
Implications for food security and the environment
The multi-crop system is not only a more effective agricultural production model but also the very best way to farm. It is able to accomplish high yields without damaging the environment and without the threat of contamination.
This concludes that the method of multi-cropping has some significant health and environmental implications. It’s the safest and most dependable approach to raising healthy, safe component crops.
And as more and more people realize that organic growing is the only way to go, we will soon have a lot fewer pesticides in our food and soil — which will be better for everyone involved.
How Can You Do Multicropping on Your Urban Farm
The urban farming technique can produce a wide variety of sole crops even with limited space, so it is often more efficient than conventional crop production and rural farming in many ways.
To get started with multiple cropping on your urban farm, you’ll want to follow the common basic harvesting techniques. However, the exception is that it’s a community-supported crop farming that requires more resources and better care than the traditional farm.
This translates into a higher-yield farming system that provides communities with a steady supply of fresh produce — especially in cramped spaces.
To ensure the best harvest, you will just have to be more sincere with your soil types and resource use efficiency. For example, if your garden relies on an aquaponic system, remember that plants need sunlight as well as water.
Although multiple cropping is an effective way of producing more food, it may not be the most sustainable option in some areas. In places where productivity needs to be at its highest, considering weather conditions and different soil types across a farm is essential for successful farming.
Therefore, be considerate of your area and its soil erosion level before fitting into the business of multiple cropping.
As long as your land area is certified by the national environmental specialists for multiple cropping systems, you are good to try out this trending and effective farming method for quicker farm growth cycles.
FAQ about Multiple Cropping
Multiple cropping systems include three primary types in them, which are as follows: Monoculture, Duoculture, Polyculture. These three cropping categories essentially develop multiple crops that bring diversity in crop species.
You can practice multiple cropping to increase productivity and income levels and diversify your crops.
Multiple cropping involves growing two or more crops in the same plot or farming land. It is a type of agriculture that has various harvests in a year. It’s more than just planting more than one crop; it also means planting these crops at different times in the year.
By applying this method to your farm, you can increase your income and food production while also reducing the amount of work.
Multiple cropping helps farmers increase their profits by increasing the number of crops they grow, as well as diversifying their diet. It can also reduce expenses on pesticides and fertilizer, as farmers use a variety of crops to fertilize each other naturally.
Corn is grown in a number of different farming systems. One of the most common is the multi-cropping system. Researchers say that corn is the best crop species in multiple cropping.
The difference between multiple cropping and mixed cropping are as follows, Mixed cropping combines two different crops planted in the same plot; multiple cropping is planting two crops within a given time, with one crop purely being used as a follow-up crop to the initial.
Crop rotation and multi-cropping are two different solutions to the same problem: how to keep the soil fertile. Rotating crops means growing different crops over time to avoid soil depletion, while multi-cropping means growing two or more crops on the same land plot at once.
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Basic Algebra Shape-Up 4.0 Free Download
Shareware: You can try this program, but this version has some limited features or time usage restrictions. You should purchase it in order to remove those limits.
Basic Algebra Shape-Up helps students master specific basic algebra skills, while providing teachers with measurable results. Concepts covered include creating formulas; using ratios, proportions, and scale; working with integers, simple and multi-step equations, and variables. Students start with an assessment and receive immediate instructional feedback throughout. Step-by-step tutorials, which introduce each level, can be referred to during practice. Problems are broken down into small, easily understood steps. The program is self-paced and self-monitored. Students advance as they demonstrate readiness. They may track their own improvement through progress-to-date and last session scores. Scores are kept in a record management system that allows teachers to view and print detailed reports. Designed for students in U.S. grades 6 through 9 (age 10 and up), the program can also be used by ESL and adult students interested in improving their algebra skills.
5 to 8 MB RAM. Between 32 and 75 MB of Hard Disk space.
Choose your download:
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9/11: Decade of Deception
On the tenth anniversary of the terrorist attacks of September 11th, 2001, expert witnesses gathered at Ryerson University in Toronto, Canada to provide evidence-based research that basically opposed the official story of what took place on that fateful day. The organizers saw the date as the perfect occasion to sum up all the research that had been done over the previous decade. Their goal was to explore what really happened, how it happened, and who made it happen.
When the mainstream media heard about their intentions, of course they were accused of being insensitive and cold. Many people felt that an anniversary of an event in which so many lives were lost was not an appropriate date to explore whether the public had been lied to all that time. However, they were determined to present the truth as they now saw it.
The hearings were not an investigation in themselves, but rather a succinct presentation of evidence that proved that a new investigation was immediately warranted and that the international community could no longer abdicate this responsibility.
Over a period of four days, these experts in fields such as Structural Engineering, Physics, Chemistry, and History presented many hours of evidence-based testimony to an international panel of distinguished judges. Their evidence clearly contradicted the official government version of the events. Each witness was required to present an opening statement and then answer any questions posed by the panel.
After the meetings were adjourned, the panel of judges would go on to reconvene for the following weeks and months in order to decide which aspects of the evidence presented required further investigation. After that, they would publish their final analysis of the evidence provided in a detailed report, which called for a new investigation into the attacks of September 11th, 2001.
One of the strongest pieces of evidence that point towards the possibility of a controlled demolition versus a collapse due to fire is the fact that never before in history had a high-rise building collapsed because of fire. Not even those that had burned for many hours. A controlled demolition is one of the fastest and cleanest ways to get rid of a high-rise building. The free fall of the towers was similar to what occurs during a deliberate demolition caused by explosives.
A conspiracy theory seeks to discredit inquiry. However, every responsible citizen needs to ask questions and not just accept what the government says. This film presents a summary of the strongest evidence that was presented during the hearings. Watch it now and draw your own conclusions.
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I am not certain of this, but perhaps the art of glass-making was transmitted, or discovered, and lost, in various places over various times, only to be discovered over and over again.
In any event, I think these production artifacts that have been redated using current techniques (originally excavated in the 1950's at Glastonbury) are fascinating! And this article perfectly ties into my comments in the previous post -- about how with the current changes in tecnology (that, for instance, allow us to date certain types of objects much more accurately than even 5 years ago, let alone 50 years ago!) allow us to put together a more accurate and ever-changing picture of our development, both as "humans" and as cultures. More changes are on the horizon!!!
From BBC News
8 May 2012 Last updated at 05:41 ET
New research on glass fragments found at Glastonbury Abbey in the 1950s reveals the earliest archaeological evidence of glass-making in Britain.
Clay crucibles and pieces of vivid blue-green window glass were tested. The results show the pieces date from the 680s and are likely to be associated with a major rebuilding of the abbey by King Ine of Wessex.
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5 Health Benefits of Salmon
The salmon fish found primarily in the depths of the North Atlantic and Pacific Ocean has several species of salmon fish such as Pink, Coho, Chum, Sockeye, Steel head, Masu and many more. This fish with its glowing, silvery skin and lovely pink not only appears and tastes delicious but also has amazing health benefits. Listed below are 6 health benefits of Salmon.
1. High in protein and amino acid content
Recent studies have indicated a new health benefit of salmon i.e. the presence of protein content and amino acid. The bioactive protein molecules or bioactive peptides provide additional support for joint cartilage, increases effects of insulin and prevents inflammation in the digestive tract.
2. It prevents fatal diseases
Some might think why a rich, fat enriched food like Salmon can prevent diseases and star as the healthiest of most foods available. The Omega 3 Fatty acids or what may be termed as a good source of fat controls body inflammation which in turn prevents cardiovascular diseases, arthritis, and diabetes. It also helps prevent blood clots in the body.
3. It helps maintain mental equilibrium and enhances the cognitive functions
Omega 3 Fatty acids in the fish also reduces the cognitive impairment caused due to the Alzheimer disease and also slows the process of age-related cognitive dysfunction. It also helps you cope with stress and depression, even reducing aggressive behavior.
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An introduction to the critical reading of literature through the study and analysis of poetry and drama across historical periods from Shakespeare to twenty-first century poets and dramatists. While this course will teach students how to perform college-level literary analysis of canonical texts, it will also teach them how to question and evaluate the cultural narratives that literature circulates. As such, the class will explore questions of gender, class, race, nationhood/nation building, and the problematic literary canon in order to develop strategies for negotiating complex literary texts and to become better, more nuanced readers.
Minimum Credits: 3 Length: 45 hours Prerequisites: Minimum 65% in either English 12, English Studies 12, English First Peoples 12, ENGL 090, or equivalent. Note: ENGL 100 is recommended for students who need to focus on composition skills. Delivery Method: On-campus Cost: $358.14 Course Outline: https://sps.cotr.bc.ca/Outlines/Course Outlines/ENGL101.pdf
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Measurement of Mentoring Processes
This project examined the processes that make up mentoring interactions to understand the “how” of mentoring from both the adult mentor and youth mentee perspective. Through reviewing theoretical and practical literature on mentoring, we identified a set of 5 processes (Role Modeling, Advocacy, Relationship and Emotional Support, Teaching and Information Provision, and Shared Activity) that were commonly mentioned as occurring within mentoring relationships and developed an assessment tool to capture them. Our study validated these five components as distinct and important factors making up the overall scale and showed that these processes relate to other important characteristics of effective mentoring, when rated by adult mentors. For youth, the items formed as a single general positive mentoring activity scale.
We think the scale can help reveal how mentoring works, what differentiates effective and ineffective mentoring, and what may be important training targets and skills for mentors. This scale also has promise to help address inequities in access to quality mentoring. Too often the quality of mentoring available is dependent on economic and social resources, with little guidance on critical components of the mentoring relationship. If we can learn what makes mentoring effective, training can concentrate on those skills and activities. The scale and the practices the scale measures can be used to help guide initial and ongoing training. The scale can also be used to highlight if and how mentors might be applying learned skills in their daily work with mentees. By better understanding the mechanisms of positive influences, disparities in mentoring program quality can be better identified and remediated, thus ensuring a greater likelihood for successful mentoring impacts across communities.
For more information about this research and the MPS, please see: Tolan, P. H., McDaniel, H. L., Richardson, M., Arkin, N., Augenstern, J., & DuBois, D. L. (2020). Improving understanding of how mentoring works: Measuring multiple intervention processes. Journal of Community Psychology http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcop.22408 or contact Julia Augenstern, M.Ed. at [email protected]. You can also look at the Mentoring Process Scale here.
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Atlas of Pathophysiology
Featuring over 300 large full-color illustrations, this comprehensive atlas shows how more than 150 disorders can disrupt the human body's equilibrium. It is designed to help healthcare professionals visualize disease processes and understand the rationales for clinical interventions.
Introductory chapters illustrate basic pathophysiologic concepts including cells, cancer, infection, genetics, and fluids and electrolytes. Thirteen chapters organized by body system cover all major diseases, with illustrations, charts, and brief text on causes, pathophysiology, signs, symptoms, diagnostic tests, and treatment.
This Second Edition includes 10 new disease entries and updated information throughout. Diagnostic test information now includes expected findings for the disorder.
What people are saying - Write a review
For Visual LearnersUser Review - adnstudent - Overstock.com
I love this book! I tend to remember best when I see a picture related to the text. The photos are on the right with the important facts such as causes S&S diagnostic test results and treatments on ... Read full review
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Jelly Fish and Green Fluorescent Protein
MetadataShow full item record
The crystal jellyfish, Aequorea victoria, produces and emits light, called bioluminescence. Its DNA codes for sequence of 238 amino acids that forms a protein called Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP). FP is folded so that a part of the protein, called the chromophore, is located in the center of the protein. The chemical structure of the chromophore emits a green fluorescence when exposed to light in the range of blue to ultraviolet.
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This month, I will be discussing gluten intolerance as part of Vitarock's focus on gluten-free living and Celiac Disease.
Gluten sensitivity, the immunological reaction to gluten leading to inflammatory damage to the small intestine, is a growing concern. The reason for this is threefold. First, the availability of more accurate diagnostic tests has grown. Secondly, our social awareness of this condition has grown.
Thirdly, people are learning that the majority of cases of Celiac Disease are undiagnosed because they do not manifest clinical symptoms, at least not initially. It is estimated that about two-thirds of Celiac Disease cases fall in this category and go on undiagnosed for a long time. This, however, does not mean that there is no tissue damage, particularly damage to the absorptive inner lining of the small intestine. Just as in symptomatic Celiac Disease, there is constant inflammatory damage. The difference is that this damage is not severe enough to cause symptoms in the initial stages. However, over a prolonged period of time, the damage usually becomes significant enough to cause symptoms.
Celiac Disease-Related Complications
This damage, called Celiac Disease, leads to malabsorption of a number of nutrients, such as:
- iron folate
- vitamin B12
- fat-soluble vitamins such as vitamin A, D, E and K
Another concern in both symptomatic and asymptomatic Celiac Disease is that there is an increased risk of developing intestinal cancer, both the adenocarcinoma and lymphoma types. These cancers form due to the cellular damage incurred by the constant inflammatory state. Thus, it makes utmost sense to be aware of any symptoms of Celiac Disease to catch it at an early stage, to take diagnostic steps to verify these suspicions if they exist, and make proper dietary changes to stop further damage and begin the healing process.
Reducing the Risk Of Celiac Disease
Predisposition to Celiac Disease is both genetic (inherited) and environmental. Depending on the strength of the genetic component and the environmental factors, an individual at risk may or may not develop symptomatic disease; however, she may remain in the asymptomatic range for a long time or may not develop the immunological reaction at all. The possible environmental factors are viral gastrointestinal infection in childhood (like rotavirus and adenovirus) and the exposure of gliadin- (or other proalamin-) containing foods before the age of 6 months. At such early age, the intestinal lining is not fully developed and the blood exposure to prolamins is increased, leading to a stronger risk of developing the disease later in life (which can happen at any time). To lower the risk even further, it is recommended to not expose the baby to prolamin/gluten-containing foods until the baby reaches one year of age.
The Immune System Reaction
What actually happens in Celiac Disease (from a physiological point of view) is the reaction of an enzyme called tissue transglutaminase with gluten proteins called prolamins. In wheat, the protein is called gliadin and in barley it's hordein. In rye, it's secalin, in corn its zein, and in oats it's avenin. Although sensitivity to oats is only reported in a very small proportion of cases. The strongest reaction occurs with gliadin in wheat. Basically, the enzyme called tissue tranglutaminaase attaches to gliadin and modifies the protein such that the immune system reacts to it as if it was a foreign and potentially dangerous molecule. A particular region of the gliadin protein also makes the absorptive cells of the small intestine become more permeable. This allows larger protein molecules to pass through before becoming digested and broken down before absorption. This also applies to the gliadin protein as well as the other prolamins. After absorption into the body, the prolamins are exposed to blood and thus to the immune system. The inflammatory reaction is propagated by T cells and immunological molecules such as interlukin 15. The consequence is damage to the intestinal lining leading to malabsorption, foul-smelling pale stool, diarrhoea, bloating, abdominal pain and flatulence. The symptoms are very similar to Irritable Bowel Syndrome and thus in both cases, the person exhibiting these symptoms should be tested for Celiac Disease.
Celiac Disease is very similar in nature to autoimmune diseases or to allergic reactions. It’s actually more similar to an allergic reaction in that the immune system reacts to a substance in our environment, particularly to gluten consumed in food. The inflammatory reaction and the damage to the intestine resemble more an autoimmune reaction where the immune system causes damage to an organ, in this case, the small intestine. Perhaps this is why celiac disease has a strong association with other autoimmune diseases such as diabetes type 1, immunoglobulin type A deficiency (leading to increased predisposition to infections) and dermatitis herpetiformis (a skin reaction). Other possible manifestations are infertility, unexplained miscarriages, small spleen (again leading to increased risk of infections) and abnormal liver function tests.
Symptoms of Celiac Disease
The symptoms of Celiac malabsorption depend on which nutritional compounds are most deficient. Deficiency in vitamin A causes visual problems (especially decreased night time vision). Low vitamin D and calcium lead to osteoporosis and bone pains due to release of calcium from bone. Vitamin E deficiency can lead to neurological manifestations. Low vitamin K leads to an increased tendency for spontaneous bleeding. Folate and vitamin B12 deficiency lead to megaloblastic anemia and in the case of B12, also neurological symptoms. Low iron causes general anemia and the malabsorption of proteins and carbohydrates leads to excessive weight loss, flatulence, malodorous stool and bloating. Lactose intolerance may also develop leading to abdominal pain, bloating and flatulence when consuming milk products.
Testing & Treatment
Thus, is it paramount to perform diagnostic tests for Celiac Disease if one experiences any of the symptoms mentioned above. This is especially true if you consume wheat-containing food products on a regular basis. The first test is a blood test testing for specific antibodies. These are anti-endomysial antibodies (of IgA type) and anti-tissue-transgulaminase antibodies. These tests are very sensitive. Positive results (or even negative, coupled with high suspicion of the disease based on symptoms alone) are followed by a tissue biopsy with an endoscope (usually used under short acting anesthesia and introduced through the mouth). This last test is a little uncomfortable but is necessary as any blood test alone is associated with some degree of possible error.
The ultimate and the only effective treatment is gluten-free, and thus mainly wheat-free, diet. However, other grains containing prolamins which I mentioned above also have to be avoided. In the majority of cases, oats are ok as well as rice (white, brown and wild), maize, millet, teff, quinoa, buckwheat, sorghum and amaranth. It usually takes about 6six weeks on a gluten-free diet to heal the intestinal lining. Supplementation with the nutrient compounds most likely to be deficient (see list above) is highly recommended at this time.
In my future blogs on this subject this month, I will expand on the connection between Celiac Disease and other autoimmune diseases, and also how to implement a proper supplementation plan along with a gluten-free diet in order to fix the possible deficiencies, and contribute optimally to the healing of the intestines and thus the body as a whole.
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What Is a Stimulant?
Stimulants are drugs that stimulate and speed up the body’s central nervous system. They elevate the heart rate, respiration rate, and brain function.1 This helps to increase focus, alertness, and energy levels. Stimulants also increase dopamine, the brain’s feel-good neurotransmitter, which can lead to feelings of euphoria. 1,2,3
Many illicit stimulants are purchased on the street by people looking for a “high.” These include cocaine, methamphetamine, amphetamines and khat, an evergreen shrub containing cathine and cathinone and which produces a stimulant-like effect.1,4
In recent years, synthetic cathinones (“bath salts”) have become a popular synthetic stimulant that people can purchase with relative ease as “research chemicals” or “plant food” online.5 Though the name sounds harmless, bath salts are associated with very serious side effects including delusions, suicidal thinking, seizures, heart attack, and stroke.5
Are Prescription ADHD Drugs Stimulants?
The most common prescription drugs used in the management of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are stimulant medications. These drugs are prescribed to both children and adults to help increase focus and alertness. While these drugs can be an effective source of treatment when used as prescribed, they have many of the same effects as illicit stimulants and also have the potential for addiction and abuse.3
Prescription stimulants include: 3
- Methylphenidate—This central nervous system stimulant, which is commonly sold under the brand names Ritalin and Concerta, is prescribed in both immediate-release and extended-release forms.6
- Dextroamphetamine—This stimulant medication is sold under the brand name Dexedrine and is prescribed for narcolepsy in addition to ADHD.7
- Dextroamphetamine/amphetamine combination—This combination is also prescribed for narcolepsy in addition to ADHD and is sold under the brand name Adderall. It has been associated with rising levels of abuse in young adults and adolescents.8,9
- Lisdexamfetamine—Sold under the brand name Vyvanse, this prescription stimulant used to control symptoms of ADHD has a high potential for abuse.10
Side Effects of Stimulants
Depending on the specific stimulant drug, physical side effects may include: 3,5,6,11,12
- Pupil changes.
- Dry mouth.
- Decreased appetite.
- Weight loss.
- Stomach pain.
- Diarrhea or constipation.
- Muscle tightness.
- Changes in sex drive.
- Muscle twitching/tremors.
- Increased respiratory rate.
- Elevated body temperature.
- Rapid heart rate.
- Elevated blood pressure.
- Cardiovascular system failure.
Effects of Stimulants on The Brain
In addition to their primary intended effects of heightened alertness, energy, and focus, stimulants can also produce a long list of psychological side effects that, depending on the substance, may include:3,5,6,11,12
- Release of social inhibitions.
- Increased talkativeness.
- Period of initial euphoria followed by irritability at comedown.
- Mood swings.
- Paranoid thoughts.
- Unrealistic or grandiose feelings of power, intelligence, and capability.
- Panic attacks.
- Suicidal thoughts.
“Come-down” effects are also characteristic of illicit stimulant use. The “come down” refers to temporary unpleasant effects experienced as the drug wears off, and users may be short-tempered and behave unpredictably. The duration of the come-down period is influenced by the type of stimulant used.13 Common come-down effects from stimulants include:14
- Sleep problems.
Stimulant Withdrawal Symptoms
Getting help for addiction often starts with detox. While stimulant withdrawal is not usually dangerous, it can be emotionally and mentally distressing and may lead some users to relapse when trying to quit.
Common stimulant withdrawal symptoms include:16,17
- Increased appetite.
- Irritable mood.
- Aches and pains.
- Insomnia or hypersomnia.
- Vivid and potentially unpleasant dreams.
- Psychomotor agitation or retardation.
- Intense drug cravings.
Signs of Stimulant Overdose
People can overdose on any stimulant, even those that are prescribed to them, if they are misusing them. Each stimulant is unique. Some stimulants, like methamphetamine and cocaine, are more notorious for their dangers than others, but they all have the potential to be deadly, especially if combined with other illicit drugs, certain prescribed medications or alcohol.
If you suspect someone has overdosed on a stimulant, contact 911 immediately. Some signs and symptoms that a person may have overdosed on a stimulant include: 3,6,11
- Muscle pains and weakness.
- Dark urine.
- Uncontrollable shaking of the body.
- Rapid breathing.
- Irregular heart rate.
- Aggressive behavior.
Help for Stimulant Addiction
Compulsive stimulant use may indicate a stimulant use disorder (SUD). Diagnostic criteria for SUD, as outlined in the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM–5), include:15
- Taking larger and/or more frequent doses than originally intended.
- Physical and psychological dependence on the drug. Needing the drug to feel normal and having withdrawal symptoms if use is stopped.
- Needing higher doses of the drug to achieve the initial effect.
- Persistent failed attempts to cut back on use.
- Strong cravings for the drug.
- Obsession or preoccupation with obtaining and consuming the drug that interferes with daily life.
- Reduced or discontinued participation in family life, hobbies, social activities, and professional pursuits.
- Continued substance abuse despite knowing the adverse effects physically, emotionally, mentally, socially, and professionally.
Other signs include:12
- Binge and crash cycle. (When a user attempts to maintain high by taking more of the drug and eventually crashes with a heavy comedown [severe depression, anxiety, and irritability, extreme fatigue, and drug cravings]).
- Violent or erratic behavior.
- Signs of psychosis, including paranoia, hallucinations, and picking at the skin.
Detoxing from stimulants becomes more complicated when users have combined use with alcohol or sedatives, both of which are associated with potentially deadly withdrawal syndromes. In these cases, detoxing may require medical assistance or supervision.18
Common Stimulant Addiction Treatment Options
After detoxification, a variety of treatment options are available for those struggling with stimulant addiction. For severe cases of stimulant addiction or polysubstance abuse, inpatient treatment may be the preferred option. Inpatient treatment takes place in a residential facility 24 hours a day for a designated period and usually ranges from 30 to 90 days, but can extend to 6 months or 3 or more years when necessary. Inpatient treatment facilities provide a wide range of treatment options including medically supervised detox, individual and group counseling, peer support programs such as Narcotics Anonymous (NA), and holistic therapeutic options such as yoga and meditation, art therapy, massage, biofeedback, nutritionist services, spirituality and religious programs, etc.
Some programs, such as the one at Desert Hope, will provide treatment for co-occurring mental health disorders. For someone struggling with addiction alongside issues like anxiety or depression, this can be a necessity because an untreated mental health disorder may put the individual under significant distress and lead to relapse.
Outpatient treatment is also effective and may be an appropriate option for those with less severe stimulant disorders or those who have already completed a higher-intensity program. Each outpatient program is different and may consist of daily, biweekly, or weekly individual and group therapy sessions depending on the program. Outpatient programs may also include holistic options and support groups.
Some of the most common psychotherapies for stimulant addiction treatment include:
Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT): Cognitive-behavioral therapy helps people suffering from substance use disorder recognize the connection between their thoughts, feelings, sensations, and behaviors. Specific techniques taught in CBT include:3,16,19
- Self-monitoring for cravings at earliest onset.
- Creating strategies to cope with cravings in high-risk situations.
- Exploring both the positive and negative consequences of substance use.
- Contingency management: Contingency management provides patients with motivational incentives for remaining drug-free and other positive behaviors. Motivational incentives may include vouchers or small cash rewards. This therapeutic approach focuses more on positive reinforcement to help change behavior over time. 3,16
- Matrix model: This evidence-based treatment approach for stimulant addiction is an integrative treatment model that includes components of many different therapeutic approaches. Patients will work closely with a therapist who will provide them with drug education, self-esteem building, recovery skills, and relapse prevention strategies. They will also participate in group therapy, peer support, and/or self-help programs. The Matrix Model treatment is typically part of an intensive outpatient program, which means several hours of treatment each day for several weeks. During treatment, patients are given urine tests to monitor drug use and hold patients accountable.20
If stimulant addiction is keeping you or someone you love from living the life you want, explore your treatment options. There is hope for recovery from drug addiction.
- United States Drug Enforcement Agency. (n.d.). Stimulants.
- U.S. National Library of Medicine. (2019). Stimulants.
- National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2018). Prescription stimulants.
- United States Drug Enforcement Administration (n.d.). Khat.
- United States Drug Enforcement Administration. Bath salts.
- U.S. National Library of Medicine. (2019). Methylphenidate.
- U.S. National Library of Medicine. (2019). Dextroamphetamine.
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. (2016). Adderall Misuse Rising Among Young Adults.
- Chen, L. Y., Crum, R. M., Strain, E. C., Alexander, G. C., Kaufmann, C., & Mojtabai, R. (2016). Prescriptions, nonmedical use, and emergency department visits involving prescription stimulants. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 77(3), e297–e304.
- New River Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (2019). VyvanseTM (lisdexamfetamine dimesylate).
- U.S. National Library of Medicine. (2017). Methamphetamine.
- Center for Substance Abuse Research. (2013). Amphetamines.
- Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. Treatment for Stimulant Use Disorders. Rockville (MD): Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (US); 1999. (Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series, No. 33.) Chapter 5—Medical Aspects of Stimulant Use Disorders.
- Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (1999).Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series, No. 33. Chapter 2: How Stimulants Affect the Brain and Behavior. Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. Rockville, MD.
- American Psychological Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Ed- DSM-V. Washington, DC.
- National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2019). Methamphetamine.
- Australian Government Department of Health. The amphetamine withdrawal syndrome. Models of Intervention and Care for Psychostimulant Users, 2nd Edition. Monograph Series No. 51.
- Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. Detoxification and Substance Abuse Treatment. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series, No. 45. HHS Publication No. (SMA) 15-4131. Rockville, MD: Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, 2006.
- National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2018). Cognitive-behavioral therapy (alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, methamphetamine, nicotine).
- National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2018). The matrix model (stimulants).
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Threats to Sea Turtles
Illegal harvesting, habitat encroachment, and pollution are only
some of the things sea turtles must fight against to stay alive.
Researchers at FWRI are studying these threats and finding ways to
help the population survive.
This excerpt of the sea turtle Sea Stats publication describes the obstacles sea turtles face throughout their lives, including habitat destruction and poaching.
Artificial lighting on marine turtle nesting beaches disrupts the ability of hatchlings to find the sea from their nest, an effect termed "hatchling disorientation."
A high percentage of turtle strandings have been attributed to a disease that causes tumors to cover a turtle's body and impede their vision, mouth, and movement.
Coastal armoring structures (i.e., seawalls, bulkheads, revetments,
and sandbags) are designed to protect upland property, but have the
unfortunate effect of degrading marine turtle nesting habitat in
In mid-August, the Sea Turtle Preservation Society of Brevard
County (STPS) came to the rescue of thousands of sea turtle
hatchlings that were stunned by unusually cold surf water.
An alarming amount of litter and tar is collecting in the frontal zones where baby sea turtles spend the early years of their lives.
The Sea Turtle Conservation League of Singer Island put together this information and took photographs documenting the threat a simple lounge chair can cause.
FWRI biologists and commercial charter boat fishermen teamed up to help rescue oil-impacted sea turtles in the northern Gulf of Mexico in 2010.
View images of some of the threats to Florida's sea turtles.
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ProhibitionComplete the following based on your homework & the slides provided…. • Identify the six most important concepts that your class should know regarding the Prohibition era. NO STATISTICS…. Generalize or make factual inferences based on statistics
Prohibition …“The noble experiment” 18th Amendment… 29) The Volstead Act of 1919... 30) How well was prohibition enforced?
The “speakeasy’… . . .
Per Capita Consumption of Alcoholic Beverages 1910-1929 . 32) How much did drinking decrease & what groups increased their drinking?
“I believe this diabolical thing- Prohibition was brought about by old maids, broken down preachers and politicians, rack-eteers, grafters and others looking for notoriety, and its administration is conducted by much the same class. Legislation by hypocrites- administration by grafters- is the politics of America. I believe that whiskey is the least harmful, and best all-round remedy we have in pharmacopeia.”-Dr. Harry L. Randal
Prohibition 31) What effect did prohibition have on organized crime? • Crime got worse… • Police funding: $11.4 Million • Arrests for Drunkenness: 41% • Arrests of Drunken Drivers: 81% • Homicides, Assault & Battery: 13% • Number of Federal Convicts: 561% • Federal Prison Population: 366% • Expenditures on prisons: 1,000%
Al “Scarface” Capone1899-1947 Chicago gang leader…“The most notorious gangster in the history of the nation”
"I make my money by supplying a public demand. If I break the law, my customers who number hundreds of the best people in Chicago, are as guilty as I am. The only difference is that I sell and they buy. Everybody calls me a racketeer. I call myself a businessman.“ - Al Capone
Capone’s income by 1929… 100 million per year… • $60,000,000 Speakeasies, distilleries & breweries) • $25,000,000 (Gambling • $10,000,000 (Brothels) • $10,000,000 other rackets 600 gangster employees
The fall of Al Capone… • 1931 convicted of tax evasion • 11 years in prison… Eventually sent to Alcatraz • Released 1939 due to weak health… the effects of VD • Died in 1947 (Age 49)
RESISTANCE TO MODERNITY Objective… Summarize the areas of resistance to the cultural changes of the 1920s.
Immigration Restriction 33) Why restrict immigration?…. What immigrants were targeted?...
34) How did Madison Grant in his work, The Passing of the Great Race, reinforce anti-immigrant bias?... Explain what Grant was referring to when he used the term “race suicide?”
35) Restrictions embodied in the 1921 Immigration Act…Restrictions embodied in the (Johnson-Reed) Immigration Act of 1924?... • Coolidge signing the 1924 Immigration Act * 1921 Act – Based on the 1910 census…Limit immigration from a given country to 3% of those living in the U.S. 1924 Act – Based on the 1890 census…Limit immigration from a given country to 2% of those living in the U.s. *
Immigration: Red = Northern & Western Europe Blue = Southern & Eastern Europe
"Guarding the Gates Against Undesirables"Current Opinion, April, 1924, pp. 400-1. The struggle continues over the Johnson bill to restrict immigration to two per cent of each national group domiciled here in 1890. The opposition comes mainly from certain groups of Southern and Eastern Europeans, and individuals representing them. Specifically the opposition comes from Congressmen representing districts in which compact blocks of Italians, Poles, Russians, Greeks and Slavs now reside. Against these unassimilated and unassimilable peoples the proposed measure would discriminate. They all represent the newer immigration. Before 1890 the United States received mainly folk from northern and western Europe. Since 1890 the majority have come from southern and eastern Europe. By basing quotas upon the 1890 census Italian immigration would be cut down from over forty thousand to under four thousand, the Russians from over twenty thousand to under two thousand, and the Poles from about twenty thousand to five thousand, admissible in one year. The new bill would not greatly reduce the number who would come in from the United Kingdom, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, France and Germany. These groups have made no protest against a measure which aims to cut the immigration total approximately in half, from about three hundred and sixty thousand to about one hundred and eighty thousand persons…. There is no blinking the fact that certain races do not fuse with us and have no intention of trying to become Americans. The Poles, for example, are determined to remain Polish. No doubt this is good Polish patriotism, but it is very poor Americanism. The Polish Diet, as the Indianapolis News points out, has adopted a resolution asking the government to request the Holy See to use its influence with the Catholic hierarchy in the United States to permit the continued use of the Polish language in Polish Catholic churches and parochial schools. A dispatch from Warsaw declares that the resolution is part of an effort to stop "the systematic Americanization of the Poles"! Nevertheless, as the News declares, if we are to permit any Poles to come here in the future, "the systematic Americanization" of them must continue.
The Sacco & Vanzetti Case Nicola Sacco & Bartolomeo Vanzetti… http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C3SuTTcj2u8 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DdstXviXwYA
The Klan Rises Again… 4.5 million members in 1924 “100% Americanism” 6) What attitudes & beliefs supported the KKK’s motto of “100 percent Americanism?”
Primary Document Analysis& Role PlayKu Klux Klan: Letters to the Government Objective… To describe the activities of the Ku Klux Klan during the 1920’s..
KKK Letter (Role Play) Part I: • The setting is President Coolidge’s Oval Office • The date is early 1928. • In an effort to learn more about the KKK, the President has invited one member of your group to meet with him. • Remember you are the author of your letter. • Members of your group help you develop your ideas. • You have 3 minutes to speak to him about the Klan. • As you listen to each speaker, take notes on what is being said. Part II: • Return to your groups and serve as advisors to the president and formulate an official White House statement about the Ku Klux Klan. • Each group’s statement should be approximately four sentences in length.
K.K.K. Meeting 1923 KKK Rally 1925: Anti-immigration march in N.J.
1924: KKK Spring festival 1923: Postcard
The Ku Klux Klan 36) What caused the resurgence of the KKK?... The targets of the new Klan?... 37) How did it expand its scope and use new techniques of communication?... 38) How did the Klan present itself? 39) Where and when was it the most powerful? 40) What were the various reasons it lost influence?
The Tulsa, Oklahoma Race RiotsMay 31 & June 1, 1921“one of the worst race riots in U.S. history” • 301 dead • 1,500 African American homes, 600 businesses destroyed • Additionally, 21 churches, 21 restaurants, 30 stores, 2 theaters, a hospital, a bank, a post office, libraries & schools. • The cause…
Religious Fundamentalismv.Modernists The Scopes Trial V.
Religious Fundamentalism 41) The nature of the fundamentalist revival in the1920s… 42) - The target of fundamentalists… - The target of modernists (Darwinists)…
Fundamentalists… The Holy Bible State of TE –Butler Act Wm. J. Bryan… Modernists… Charles Darwin & Evolution… ACLU… John Scopes… Clarence Darrow… “The Monkey Trial” Butler Act – “for any teacher in any of the public schools of the state to teach any theory that denies the story of the Divine Creation of man as taught in the Bible, and to teach instead that man has descended from a lower order of animals.”
Clarence Darrow vs. Wm. J. Bryan Modernist - Fundamentalist Defense - Prosecution
John Scopes - Defendant
Two categories:ProsecutionDefense • ACLU • Fundamentalists • Charles Darwin • John Scopes • Modernists • Clarence Darrow • Holy Bible • Origin of the Species • State of Tennessee • Butler Act • Wm J. Bryan • Evolution What is the significance of this trial?
Two categories:ProsecutionsDefense • ACLU • Fundamentalists • Charles Darwin • Jon Scopes • Modernists • Clarence Darrow • Holy Bible • Origin of the Species • State of Tennessee • Butler Act • Wm J. Bryan • Evolution What is the significance of this trial?
I. We aren't even holding our own
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Stars that Meet Once a Year, Looms that make God Protect Rice Fields and Men… They Want Better Handwriting!
Seems like enough to create a festival around! Why not?
Tanabata means ‘Evening of the Seventh’. It’s known in Japan as the Star Festival. It actually comes from the Chinese Festival called Qixi. The original story and celebration of Tanabata comes from the meeting of two gods Orihime & Hikioboshi (The stars (the ones in the sky) are Vega and Altair).
By custom and how the story is told, these two stars (gods) are separated by the Milky Way and they are only allowed to see each other once a year. Which so happens to fall on the 7th of the 7th month. It varies a bit from regions of Japan, but the festivities usually start on July 7th. It will be held from July to August normally in Japan.
The Tanabata ritual was originated to Japan by the Empress Kōken around 755 AD. It came about because of the “Festival to Plead for Skills”, the Chinese name is Qixi.
The festivities grew in popularity among the public and by the early Edo age, when it became commingled with various Obon or Bon rituals and traditions, and grew into what most know now days as the Tanabata festivities. Ever increasing popularity for these customs concerns the festival changed a bit from one region of Japan to the next, but overall women hoped for better sewing craftsmanships, and men hoped for better hand-writing by jotting down their hopes and dreams on strips of kami-paper. Around this time, the ritual was to use dew on taro leaf to create the pen-ink used to scribe hopes and wishes with. But as time went on, Bon is now held on 15th of the 8th month from the solar calendar, these two are very close together but over all, Tanabata and Bon festivals and events are separate from each other.
Tanabata was read as “Shichiseki” at one time. It’s believed that a Shinto cleansing ritual was invented around the same time, in which a Shinto miko wove a unique piece of cloth on a loom called a Tanabata and offered it to a god to pray for protection of rice and for good harvests. After awhile this ritual intermingled with Kikkōden to become the Tanabata festival event.
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Add money to your wallet by fighting food waste
Studies show that the average family wastes $1,000 to $2,000 of their food budget each year. With a little thought and planning, you can take that money from the garbage can to your wallet.
How much food does your family waste? Studies show that the average family of four wastes $1,000-$2,000 of their food budget each year. With a little thought and planning you can take that money out of the garbage can and put it into your wallet! Here’s how:
Don’t let food spoil:
- Buy only the amount of fresh fruits and vegetables your family can use before they go bad. Usually this is what you can eat within three to five days.
- Refrigerate leftovers promptly, right after you eat. Divide a warm pan of soup or casserole into shallow containers no more than 2 inches high, and refrigerate.
- Refrigerate wisely. Store fruits and vegetables in plastic bags that have a few holes poked in them. The plastic will keep in some moisture but the holes will let your produce breathe, so it stays fresh longer. The crisper drawer in your refrigerator is designed to hold produce at the right temperature and humidity so that it lasts longer. This is true for the meat drawer, as well. Whole onions and potatoes are best left out and not refrigerated
- Wash fruits and vegetables veggies right before you use them; otherwise added moisture adds to spoilage.
Use what you have:
- Plan meals around the foods you have in your house. Look at cookbooks or websites to get ideas.
- Find uses for food that may spoil, or for less-than-perfect food. For example, if you have too much milk you can make pudding. If you have too many oranges, make orange “smiles” for a snack. Use bread that is a bit hard to make French toast. Using softer vegetables in a pot of soup or stir-fry may hit the spot and prevent waste.
- Don’t let your food linger in plastic ‘caskets’. Make it a habit to scan your refrigerator daily and the freezer weekly to see what has to be used before it spoils or becomes too old for you to want to eat.
- Freeze food you can’t use before it spoils. Just about anything can be frozen when properly wrapped. Store leftover vegetables in freezer bags and add more as they are available. You can use them for soup when you need them.
Plan your purchases:
- Look at store sales and plan your meals around them. If chicken is on sale use it in several meals during the week. Pair it with other foods, like vegetables and grains, that are also on sale or that you already have.
- Make a list. Every minute you are in a store costs you more money. Know what you will purchase when you get to the store. Allow yourself leeway if an unexpected sale comes up, but otherwise stick to your list.
For more information on food budgeting, food safety, and other issues of interest to Michigan families, contact a Michigan State University Extension educator in your area.
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How hearing aids work
Anosmia is the total loss of smell. Most people with anosmia can taste sweet, sour, salty and bitter substances, but cannot distinguish between specific flavors. This is because the sense of smell makes it possible to distinguish between flavors, not taste receptors, as many people mistakenly believe. Which of the following is NOT a common cause of anosmia?
Anosmia is the total loss of smell. Most people with anosmia can taste sweet, sour, salty and bitter substances, but cannot distinguish between specific tastes. This is because the sense of smell makes it possible to distinguish between flavors, not taste receptors, as many people mistakenly believe. Which of the following is NOT a common cause of anosmia?
ENT hearing systems
Bernafon seeks the most natural sound and therefore introduces the new range of hearing instruments that boast a hearing experience as real as the sounds of nature itself: the Viron range of hearing instruments.
Hearing aids with True Environment ProcessingTM technology offer sounds closer to the reality around us. If we add to this technology, included in the Viron range, that also includes DECSTM, the hearing solutions will be ideal to offer a clear and natural sound.
One of the biggest drawbacks when processing sound is noise that interferes with communication, but thanks to the new Dynamic Feedback CancellerTM , perfect listening comfort is achieved. Problem sounds are eliminated very quickly, helping to reduce listening effort.
The lithium-ion battery can be fully charged in just three hours. This charge should be sufficient for a full day’s use, including telephone calls as well as audio streaming from other sources connected to our hearing systems.
Health advantages and disadvantages of hearing aids
Hearing aids for the deaf are electronic devices worn in or behind the ear. They make sounds louder and clearer so that you can hear them comfortably if you are hard of hearing. The availability and use of hearing aids may vary from country to country.
If you think a hearing aid for the deaf might help you hear better, talk to your doctor for advice. Your physician may refer you to an audiologist (a health care professional who specializes in identifying and treating hearing problems). You will need to have a hearing test so that it can be determined what type of hearing loss you have and whether or not a hearing aid might help you.
The audiologist may ask you to wear a headband with a vibrating pad that transmits sounds to the cochlea in your inner ear on both sides of your head. The cochlea transforms sound vibrations into nerve impulses and sends them to the brain, which interprets the vibrations as sounds. Again, every time you hear something, you press a button.
What are hearing aids for?
Our daily work revolves around it, so it is essential to know perfectly its characteristics and functioning. Just as there are many forms of hearing loss, there are different types of hearing aids; but they all share the same function: to be electronic devices that amplify and change the sound to allow better communication.
We want to make clear what the basic components of a current digital hearing aid are and how they work. Later, in the following editions of the magazine, we will explain one of its components in more detail.
The Real Academia de la Lengua (RAE) defines it very well. It is an “apparatus that transforms sound waves into electric currents for their amplification”, so this part is the main element of the hearing aid. Technically it is called input transducer, and its good or bad functioning will greatly influence the quality of the sound that our patient receives. On the other hand, there are several types of input transducers, such as electromagnetic microphones, electret microphones, etc….
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1536 - Portuguese explorer Pedro a Campos visits the island.
1627 - Captain Henry Powell lands a party of English settlers who establish a colony, which they then develop as a sugar plantation economy using slaves brought in from Africa.
1639 - Barbados's first parliament, the House of Assembly, holds its first meeting.
1663 - Barbados is made into a British crown possession.
1816 - Slaves stage a revolt.
1834 - Slavery abolished.
1876 - British proposal for a confederation of Barbados and the Windward Islands triggers bloody riots in Barbados.
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Pssst… we can write an original essay just for you. Any subject. Any type of essay. Get your price writers online Women empowerment means emancipation of women essay the vicious grips of social, economical, political, caste and gender-based discrimination. It means granting women the freedom to make life choices. In this regard, there are various facets of women empoweremnt, such as given hereunder:— Essay Rights or Individual Rights: A woman is a being with senses, imagination and thoughts; she should women able to express them freely.
Individual empowerment means to have the self-confidence to articulate and assert the power to negotiate and decide. Social Women Empowerment A critical aspect of social empowerment of women is the promotion woen gender equality. Gender equality implies a society in which women and men enjoy the same opportunities, outcomes, rights and obligations in all spheres of life.
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It means reducing their financial dependence on their male counterparts by making them a significant part of the human resource. Women Women Empowerment It suggests the provision of an effective legal structure which is supportive of women empowerment. It means addressing the gaps between what the law prescribes women what actually occurs. Essay Women Empowerment Od means the existence of a political system favoring the participation in and control by the women of the political decision-making wommen and in governance.
The position of Women in India: The position enjoyed by women in the Sssay Vedic period deteriorated in the later Empowerment civilization. Women were denied the right to education and widow remarriage. They were denied the right to inheritance and ownership of property. Many social evils like child marriage and dowry system surfaced and started to engulf women. Women Wojen period, the status of women immensely deteriorated. Dowry became an institution and Essah Pratha esay prominent.
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Women in India страница participate in areas such as education, sports, politics, media, art essay culture, service sector and science and technology.
But due to the deep- rooted essag women in the Indian society, women are still victimized, humiliated, tortured and exploited. Essay landmark steps taken for women empowerment. Acts like the Dowry Prohibition Act,prohibits the empowerment, payment or acceptance of a dowry. Asking or giving dowry can women punished by imprisonment as well as fine; Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act,provides for a more effective protection of the rights of women who are victims of domestic violence.
Empowerment breach of this Act is punishable with both fine argument essay definition imprisonment; Sexual Harassment of Women at Work Empowermnt Prevention, Prohibition, and Redressal Act,helps to create a conducive environment at the workplace for women where they are not subjected to any sort empowerment sexual harassment.
Panchayati Raj Institutions As per the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, all the local em;owerment bodies reserve one-third empowerment their seats for women.
Such a provision was made to increase the effective empowerment of women in politics. Various Government Policies and Schemes- The Government of India is running various welfare schemes and policies, both at State and Central levels for the empowerment of woman. All such policies and programs focus on social, продолжить and women empowerment of women across various age groups.
Women Empowerment — Challenges Perspective: The most widespread women dehumanizing discriminations against women are on the basis of the biassed perspective. The discrimination against the girl child begins from the birth itself. Boys are preferred over girls; empowerment, female infanticide is a common practice in India. The ordeal that an Indian girl faces at birth is only the beginning of a lifelong struggle to be seen and heard. Loopholes in the legal structure Although there are a empwerment of laws to protect women against all sorts of violence yet there has been the significant increase in the episodes of rapes, extortions, acid, attacks etc.
This is due to delay in legal procedures and the presence of several empoerment in the functioning of a judicial system. The male dominance prevails in the politics of India and women are essay to remain mute spectators. The need of the hour womenn an egalitarian society, where there is no women for superiority. The Government should identify and eliminate such forces that work to keep alive empowerment tradition of male dominance over its female counterpart by issuing inhumane and unlawful diktats.
Political Wlmen Women should have access to resources, rights, and entitlements. They women be given decision-making powers and due position in governance. Thus, the Women Reservation Bill should be passed as soon as possible to increase the effective participation of women in the politics of India.
Bridging implementation gaps: Essay or community-based bodies must be set up to monitor the programs devised for the welfare of the society. Due importance should be given for their proper implementation and their monitoring and evaluation through social audits.
Justice delayed is justice denied. Efforts kn be made to restructure the legal process to deliver fair and in- time justice to the emlowerment of heinous crimes like rapes, acid attacks, sexual harassment, trafficking essag domestic violence. The idea of essay courts, devised to impart speedy om to the victims of rapes and other crimes against women, is a good initiative taken by the judiciary and the Government of India. Conclusion: Women women socially, economically, educationally politically and legally is going to подробнее на этой странице a Herculean empowerment.
It is not going to be easy to change the culture of disregard for women which are so deep-rooted in Indian society. Og it does not mean that it is implausible. Only revolutions bring changes in a day, but reforms take their time. This one, in particular, will take its time as well. The idea of women empowerment might sound hard by the essay, but by the inch, it is just a cinch. All we need is a concentrated effort focused in the right direction that esxay rest only women the liberation of women from all forms of evil.
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Empowerment of women helps them to take their own decision by breaking all essay limitations of society and family. Pssst… we can write an original essay women for you. Various Government Policies and Schemes- The Government of India is running various welfare qomen and policies, both at State and Central levels for the empowerment of woman. What women need to understand is they are their own leaders and nobody else should be introduction essay generator to tell them what to empowerment, what not to do.
Women Empowerment: [Essay Example], words GradesFixer
Great men like Swami Vivekanand, Gandhi ji, Raja Rammohan Roy and Ishwar Chander Vidyasagar have also been championing the читать of greater rights and a better status to women. The need of the hour is an egalitarian society, empowerment there is no place for superiority. The growing conscience is to accept women as individuals capable of making rational and educated decision about them as well as the society, increasing and improving the economic, political and legal strength of the women, to ensure equal-right as men, achieve internationally agreed women for development and sustainability, and improve the quality of life for their women and communities. They were not given education essay were only restricted to doing household tasks. During the нажмите для продолжения of social development, the position of women also changed. Women essay denied the right to education and widow remarriage. It is really ironical that superiority is not accorded to the fair sex who are responsible for carrying forward lives on this planet but to men who have muscle power with the help of which they can empowerment others.
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Humans are living longer than ever before, and while this is a wonderful thing, there still are some major health concerns that people face as they get older. As people age the body almost always shows signs of aging. This often shows in a slowed response for many in both physical and mental capabilities.
While most people expect that they will have some problems as they age, more and more people know today that if they take care of their bodies, their bodies and minds will age more gracefully. That is why more and more people today are learning how they can better care of themselves. Science has certainly proven that through conscious efforts an individual may live a longer and healthier life.
While being conscientious and working on bodily health is a major concern as people age, mind health and function is also of significant concern. In generations past, it was not unusual for people to become more forgetful as they age, today’s diseases today that effect mental abilities while aging can seem to be more prevalent and difficult. With the rise in lifespan, mental capacity diseases, as well as mental cognoscente disorders, have been on the rise.
Brain Functioning Disorders
Today, two of the top treatment concerns for the aging are well known and are diagnosed with Dementia and Alzheimer’s. Increasingly, these two mental cognoscente disorders have become major health concerns for the aging. In fact, across the world, they now have many facilities that specifically cater to people who are suffering from these two disorders.
In the last few decades with the increase in life expectancy, there has also been a stronger prevalence of cognoscente mental functioning impairments. Also, more and more young people have been diagnosed with brain functioning disorders such as ADHD which affects a person’s processing of thoughts. Up until the last 50 years, ADHD was a little-known disease.
The good news for almost all areas of modern medicine today is that there are new advances that have been made that have improved the live spans and quality of life for many people. Many new health discoveries occur every day all over the world which have significantly advanced mind and body health for millions of individuals. In addition to modern medicinal advances, there have also been a series of breakthroughs in the natural and homeopathic world of medicine that have proven to be very helpful in treating mind and body health.
So then, What are Nootropics?
In the area of brain and mind function health, one of the natural medicinal advances has been through a group of drugs and supplements known as Nootropics. These are natural supplements which have through studies proven to improve cognitive ability in varying degrees. The focus of these drugs and supplements is to increase cognitive functions, memory, creativity, alertness, and motivation.
The term Nootropics is of Greek Origin meaning to turn the mind. It was first coined by a Romanian psychologist and chemist named Corneliu E. Giurgea in 1972. One of the primary uses for the prescription drug aspect of Nootropics for drugs such as dimethylamylamine and methylphenidate is to help improve brain function impairments such as ADHD.
While ADHD type impairments are what these two particular Nootropics were designed, created and made for, there are some people who have been known to take the drugs for other reasons. Most often these people have taken these prescription drugs to attempt to enhance brain functioning abilities during high mental stress times. One group of people that have been noted to misuse these two drugs are students during their finals in college. Students during exams or at highly prestigious colleges will often get these prescriptions without having been diagnosed with any brain function impairments to enhance mental capacity during learning and testing.
The misuse of any prescription drug is not recommended as they can have side effects and many of them have proven to be addictive. The good news is there are a whole series of natural supplements that are also known as Nootropics that do not carry any of the primary side effects of the prescription form of Nootropics. This group of natural supplemental Nootropics can be obtained without a prescription.
Since their creation, Nootropics mental improvement supplements have become increasingly popular with people all over the world. Because of the increasing awareness of mental impairments that have arisen more predominantly in the last few decades, the demand for these supplements has been growing at a rapid rate. In fact, today the sale of Nootropics brain function and cognoscente mind supplements is a one billion dollar a year industry.
Nootropics As Natural Supplements
There prescription forms of Nootropics with varying side effects are typically known as Eugeroics, Methylphenidate—which is a substituted phenethylamine and Amphetamines. While these drugs can prove helpful for certain cases, they are not recommended for people that do not have brain functioning impairments. Also, both non-prescription Nicotine and Racetams which are not prescription drugs are two mind capacity enhancers that are not widely recommended due to their side effects.
On a good note, there are four safer widely known and used over the counter supplements that fit in the category of Nootropics. These are a variety of non-prescription supplements that do not carry significant side effects and have been shown to have positive brain enhancing capacities. These Nootropics supplements include Gingko Biloba, Bacopa monnieri, Ginseng and Xanthines which includes most notably caffeine.
These four supplements have been found in a number of supplements either by themselves or together. Certainly, caffeine has been widely known and used as a mental stimulant for hundreds of years throughout Western societies. However, Gingko Biloba and Ginseng have been extensively used as mental stimulants in Eastern cultures for centuries.
It should be noted that addition to these primary brain functioning supplements, some brain functioning is impaired due to vitamin deficiencies. People in developing countries are often more inclined to suffer from such health problems from poor diets. But many people who have poor diets in developed nations can find their diets to affect their mental capacity as well.
If brain function is dulled due to a vitamin deficiency, it certainly can be addressed through proper supplements that will eradicate the vitamin deficiencies. Having a blood test done to see what vitamins, minerals or nutrients are deficient is the best way to address this issue. People who are iron deficient or magnesium deficient can have difficulties with brain capacity and functioning.
Over the last decade, there have been a series of other up and coming brain supplements discovered that could be so readily found even at the grocer. This notable possible herb to help with brain functioning is Salvia officinalis, otherwise known as Sage. While more studies need to be done on this, early results are promising.
While these five are known as the primary supplements proven to work for brain enhancement, there are others that have shown some signs of offering increased brain function when used in combination with other supplements. Because supplements are not as widely recognized as prescription medicine, studies are not often done at the same rate and with as much scrutiny as a prescription medicine. However, studies are always ongoing for supplements so people who are interested in learning more should stay informed of any new advancements.
Words of Caution When Taking Any Suppliment
As with any medicine or supplement, it is important to learn as much about them as possible before taking them. When considering taking any medication or supplement whether it is prescribed or over the counter, knowing their possible side effects before taking them is crucial to their effectiveness and safety. Additionally, learning and understanding the best recommended daily amount for any supplement is important to ensure less possible side effects occur.
Many people who desire to take supplements for brain functioning enhancement have other health issues and therefore are often on other prescription medicines for other health concerns. Because of this, it is always important to make sure that all possible Nootropic supplements are examined for possible drug interaction. Overlooking drug interaction possibilities can lead to possible adverse side effects or the possibility that the primary prescription will not be effective anymore.
Interaction Information Verification
The best way to verify if there is a potential problem with a prescription drug interaction is to contact a pharmacist. They are usually ready to help and willing to take the time to answer questions. While not all supplements are known to pharmacists, they are privy to information about interactions that other resources are not.
Another great resource for drug interactions can be found online. However, it is recommended that only reputable websites be used for to gather such information. There are a host of widely accepted medical websites that can be helpful in giving information about drug interactions.
Two of the primary sites that can be very helpful for drug interaction information and supplement information is LiveStrong and WebMD. Both of these medical and nutritional sites have been established for many years. They are both widely recognized as having reputable information.
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If you hear that thousands of children were indeed turning up at school cold, wet and hungry because their parents were struggling to make ends meet, what would you do?
Ten years ago in Auckland,New Zealand Julie Chapman and Carl Sunderland were listening to yet another media report about local children going without the basics. Schools reported that these deplorable conditions were having a major impact on children’s learning ability, self esteem and health. Children who miss out on the basics get sick more often, do worse at school, and when they become adults they’re more likely to be unemployed and have children who will also grow up in poverty. In fact, one in four New Zealand children – 260,000 of them – lived in poverty, going without the basics most of us take for granted.
Here’s Julie Chapman’s account of the story:
We decided to do something about it, and we started right away getting organized and raising funds. We called our little group the KidsCan Charitable Trust, and we started with a generous $40,000 grant from Guardian Trust.
Since 2005, KidsCan Charitable Trust has been successfully supporting disadvantaged Kiwi kids. Through B1G1 you can do your part to change things for the better and support the education, health and well being of children in New Zealand who simply want to learn, but can’t focus on lessons when they’re hungry.
Today KidsCan is a B1G1 Worthy Cause project, supporting the education of thousands of children in 499 schools in 15 regions throughout New Zealand, providing food, shoes, socks, fleece-lined raincoats and basic hygiene items. Their programmes ensure disadvantaged children arrive at school ready to learn.
As of today KidsCan supports 15,056 hungry children a week with food assistance,” Julie reported. “Over 49,000 raincoats were distributed to children in need, more than 25,000 pairs of shoes and 51,000 pairs of socks were provided to keep little feet warm. Sick kids had their prescriptions funded too…1,010 of them in 2014 alone!
“We need your help,” co-founder Julie Chapman stressed.“Together we can have a significant impact on reducing social issues, increase participation in class, and in raise the self-esteem of children who feel they have no hope.”
Child poverty is a real issue that exists, even though we don’t see it every day. But it’s there, and it’s having a terrible effect on children in New Zealand. Every dollar you contribute through B1G1 will help…because Kids Can.
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Hooked: How parasites worm their way into you
There are lots of hooks in life. We all know The Hook, the one local newspaper that includes this column. Peter Pan just loved Captain Hook. I guess Mark Wahlberg threw a few good left hooks in The Fighter. Amish people dress using hooks and eyes. Natalie Portman hooks up in her new movie, No Strings Attached. Dr. Hong’s jokes are always hook, line, and stinker.
What about hookworm?
Hookworm is a parasite. There are two types depending on geography: Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale. Necator americanus is on our turf (literally): North and South America, central Africa, Indonesia, islands of the South Pacific, and parts of India. Ancylostoma duodenale is in Mediterranean countries, Iran, India, Pakistan, and the Far East.
These parasites need warm moist soil, so they tend to survive in warm regions with more than 40 inches of rainfall per year. It’s estimated that 740 million people around the world are infected with hookworm. Holy United Nations, Batman.
There are many reasons not to walk barefoot outside, and hookworm is one. Infection occurs via the skin, most often through the foot. If there is human feces in the soil that carries the hookworm, infection can occur. (Ancylostoma duodenale can be taken in by mouth as well, though.)
Yes, if sanitation isn’t good, human manure and all the infections that come with it can make a beeline to your body. So even wearing open footwear can expose the feet to parasites. (Heidi Klum will not be happy about this.)
In the life cycle of hookworms, the eggs hatch in soil, and the larvae mature to become infective. It only takes about three mature larvae to raid the human body and cause a full infection. These toddler hookworms wiggle their way through the skin, and small itchy red bumps usually form. Sometimes, a serpentine track that Thomas Jefferson would be proud of can be seen in the skin.
These larvae travel through the blood and take refuge in the lungs. As they mature into teenagers, which is about 8-21 days after entering the skin, they go into the airways to be coughed up and swallowed into the gut. Studies of people who volunteered to be infected with hookworm revealed that most folks don’t really notice the attendant mild cough and throat irritation.
The larvae then attach to the lining of the small intestine to feed and become adult worms and can cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain.
The male hookworms fertilize the female hookworms, who then lay eggs in the gut. (I’m curious. How do the males fertilize the females? Worm sex? It seems like a gut-wrenching experience.) The human poops out the fertilized eggs to infect some other unsuspecting victim. It takes at least six to eight weeks for eggs to be detectable in a human stool after initial infection. And the hookworms can live as long as 18 years!
Because hookworms steal blood, iron, and protein in the gut, malnutrition and anemia can occur in the human host. So fatigue, weight loss and pale skin can be tell-tale signs.
Because stool samples can take so long show evidence of hookworm, one can’t really diagnose it in people who suspect they have it. A blood test can show evidence of parasitic inflammation, but that isn’t a huge help. Treatment is done with anti-parasitic medicine such as mebendazole.
The moral of the story is don’t play tackle football in subtropical or tropical regions. Don’t go walking Barefoot in the Park like Robert Redford. Don’t get hooked to parasites.
Dr. Hook cracks a joke or two, but he's a renowned physician with an interesting website,www.drjohnhong.com. Email him with your questions.
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Tutoring International Students
- Communicating with international students not yet fluent in English
- Helpful reading (available in the Writing Center)
A. Speaking to be understood
- Be patient and respectful.
- Speak slowly.
- Use short sentences.
- Try pausing for an instant after each sentence to give students time to process what you've said. Watch to see whether they seem to understand.
- Smiling and nodding don't necessarily mean students have understood. They may mean "I'm confused but too embarrassed to ask questions." Try asking a question to check comprehension.
- Be wary of slang and idioms.
- Be wary, too, of phrasal verbs (short verbs plus prepositions).
- Instead of asking if the student "got over his cold." ask if he "recovered."
- Instead of "came into some money, say "inherited some money."
- Instead of "get on with the project," try "continue the project." (or resume work...)
- Use non-verbal aids. Draw pictures. Use numbers. Make graphs. Remember the problem is only English.
- Write it down. Lots of international students find reading easier than listening.
B. Listening to understand
- Remember always that it's English language skills, not intellectual ability or knowledge that's weak. Be patient, kind, and respectful.
- Be creative. Try to figure out what the student is trying to say. But check your hunches. Paraphrase and ask the student if you've understood.
- Don't be afraid to ask the student to repeat what he or she has said.
- When you simply can't understand, ask the student to write his or her thoughts down on paper.
- Remember that improvement comes quickly. The same student struggling to communicate in the fall may be chattering to American friends by spring.
Most of the handbooks and workbooks in the Writing Center have sections on grammar that should be helpful when you're working with international students. Check our books database for a complete list of books for ESL writers.
For a start, you might try one of the following:
- Arkin, Marian. Tutoring ESL Students. NY: Longman, 1982.
- Azar, Betty Schrampfer. Understanding and Using English Grammar. 2nd ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall Regents, 1989. [Ms. Azar's books are great. This book has a particularly good section in the front of the book explaining verb tenses. Designed for intermediate to advanced ESL students.]
- Azar, Betty Schrampfer. Fundamentals of English Grammar. 2nd ed. 2nd ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall Regents, 1992. [Similar to the book above, but aimed at a slightly lower level.]
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What are the 4 Main Effects of Drugs?
So many people use drugs, either illegal or legal, to change how they feel. Then some people use drugs to discover how the drugs will make them think or respond to life. Drug experimentation is often a phase that most people either grow out of or decide they do not like the effects of drugs. Still, many people who use drugs end up liking the effects and start doing the drugs to help them deal with their negative feelings or emotions about everything.
However, the result of drug use is more often than not to end up addicted and unable to stop. Therefore, the answer to not getting addicted to a drug is never to use them.
What are the 4 Main Effects of Drugs?
When a person uses any mind-altering substance, including drugs and alcohol, they manipulate their brain to release certain chemicals. The reward pathway in the brain is what gets activated when someone uses a drug or drinks. Depending on the type of drug, the brain’s reward channel will release either a surge of dopamine, endorphins, or serotonin. Each of these brain chemicals gives a person pleasure and makes them feel good and experience euphoria. Different drugs prompt different reward pathway chemicals.
There are essentially four effects that drugs will produce from different classes of drugs; some drugs cause two or more effects, and they include:
- Euphoria – Marijuana, Ecstasy, Hallucinogens
- Sedation – Opioids, Alcohol, Benzodiazepines
- Alertness – Cocaine, Prescription Stimulants, Methamphetamine
- Disoriented – Alcohol, Hallucinogens, Ecstasy
Hallucinogenic drugs are harder to define since they can often cause various effects and sometimes cause all four simultaneously.
What Do the Experts Say How Drugs Affect the Body?
We all know that drugs can quickly kill a person if they use too much or do not know what they are taking. However, using drugs addictively or a lot all at once can hurt your body and cause permanent brain or other organ damage. The National Institute on Drug Abuse conducts advanced research about addiction and drug abuse. They state how significant the risk is to do drugs because it can easily lead to a critical emergency or cause addiction to ruin your life.
Drug use can have a wide range of short- and long-term, direct and indirect effects. These effects often depend on the specific drug or drugs used, how they are taken, how much is taken, the person’s health, and other factors. Short-term effects can range from changes in appetite, wakefulness, heart rate, blood pressure, and mood to heart attack, stroke, psychosis, overdose, and even death. These health effects may occur after just one use. (NIDA)
How To Tell If Someone Is on Drugs?
Signs that a person is on drugs will sometimes be undeniable or not so obvious at all. For example, some people on drugs also look better because of weight loss, and that they seem happier. However, most people on drugs will start to show symptoms of drug use and drug addictions. The list of how to tell if someone is on drugs is not exhaustive; many people show different signs, but the following are usually present:
- Change in priorities and behaviors
- Large or constricted pupils
- Staying awake all night or sleeping all-day
- Hiding their whereabouts and lying
- Not showering and not cleaning their home
- Borrowing money or stealing
- Insisting they are not using drugs
We Know How to Help You Get Off Drugs
If you need help, we are here for you. We have helped thousands of people who are either abusing drugs or addicted to drugs get clean and remain clean. The programs that we connect clients to are evidence-based and provide personalized treatment plans for drugs and alcohol. We also recommend inpatient, outpatient, intensive outpatient, extended care programs, and sober living. Do not let drugs change you for good or kill you. The life that you think is better on drugs is not the truth.
We can get you into a program that will make you love life. Call chat or email to start right now.
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How to… make your own mask!https://hoglets.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/20140120-223920-680x889.jpg 680 889 Hoglets Hoglets https://hoglets.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/20140120-223920-680x889.jpg
Masks are brilliant!
When you wear a mask you can become almost anything – an animal, a bird, a monster, a robot! Whatever you can imagine.
Wearing a mask means that you have to be extra big and extra expressive with the rest of your body. When you no longer have most of your face to rely on – you have to let you body show how you’re feeling. Which is exactly what we do in Hoglets upcoming class – The Tortoise and The Hare.
But first things first – you need to make a mask. And luckily, it’s really easy to do!
You will need:
- A paper plate.
- Coloured pencils, pens or crayons.
- Old magazines, newspapers – anything with nice colours or patterns.
- Sticky tape or glue.
- A stick or a straw.
- Your imagination.
Step 1. Start with a paper plate.
You want a gap for your mouth on your mask. Hold the plate in front of your face and work out where your mouth will be. Tear or cut your plate here (getting an adult to help you if you need to use scissors).
Step 2. Add any bits.
This is where things get fun. Using the bits of the plate you tore off, you can add ears or horns or anything you like to your mask to give it a different shape. Also play about with tearing out chunks from the edge around the head if you want to make it less circular.
Step 3. The eyes.
You ideally want to be able to see whilst wearing your mask. Again – hold your plate up to your face and work out where your eyes will be – then either push a pencil through the plate and tear out an eye hole – or get an adult to cut some out with scissors.
Step 4. Let’s get creative!
Now the really fun stuff – decorate your mask! One great idea is to use old magazines or papers (make sure the owner has finished reading them first), tear out nice colours or patterns and stick them to your mask.
We used old play posters from our sister company Hedgepig Theatre – but you can use anything you like.
You can also use coloured pens or crayons, stickers, glitter, pasta – anything you like – to add to the design.
Step 5. The stick.
When you’re happy with your mask – it’s time to add a stick to it – otherwise how will you hold it to your face!
Ta da! Here are a couple we made for our Mask classes – The Tortoise and The Hare.
We’d love to see the masks you all make – get an adult to send us a picture to firstname.lastname@example.org and we’ll post the best masks up here.
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There was some debate over what to call this post; introducing kids to technology seems a little odd. In our Wifi enabled world, most kids have discovered technology themselves by the time they reach their first birthday. Is an introduction to technology really necessary?
Technology is a tricky area for many parents, because we don’t have our own childhoods to refer to. The tried and true “What would my parents have done?” doesn't hold, because these devices are so recent, and so prevalent. Just because our children can grab our digital devices and figure it out for themselves, doesn't mean they fully understand what they are doing. In order to make the most of it as a learning experience, they need a guide. They need you, their parent.
There are many considerations when it comes to enabling your children:
- How much time does my child spend on technology?
- Is the content appropriate?
- What are they learning (if anything)?
- How much screen time are they clocking up? This is further complicated by the sheer number and variety of screens available to children: smartphones, laptops, tablets - we all know from our own experience these devices can be habit-forming.
Digital devices also hold some appeal as a useful distraction device. Smartphones and tablets don’t make any mess. They can also act as a digital babysitter, keeping kids calm and amused while we finish off pressing tasks or endure long trips. No matter your family's approach, mindful use is key.
Weighing up the pros and cons, there are three main things parents need to be mindful of when allowing their young child access to technology: Quality, Supervision and Limits.
What parents need to be mindful of with technology
Choose quality over quantity
Be particular about the kind of apps available to your child; just as you would read the label before choosing a particular cereal or snack food, read up on apps which value add to your child’s learning. If your child is a pre-schooler, for example, search for apps that focus on colour, number and letter recognition to build on their current learning. If your child is school aged, ask their classroom teacher or IT teacher which apps are appropriate for their year level.
For a fabulous selection of apps, visit this 50 Best list from The Guardian. There are some wonderful, well-designed apps such as Barefoot World Atlas, Little Fox Music Box and Morton Subotnick's Pitch Painter that offer unique experiences for the user (young or old).
Would you let your toddler roam free in the supermarket? Just as your child needs to be supervised in an adult environment, the same is true for online and digital spaces. The best way to teach them to use technology is to log on together.
Sit with your child as they explore and play, just as you would when they play with dough, read a story or construct a puzzle. Talk them through it, ask questions which open up their curiosity and steer them away from mindless clicking.
Set limits... and stick with them
Paediatricians recommend children over 2 have no more than 2 hours of screen time (including television, computers and all other digital devices). Children under 2 don't need any screen time.
Limits are important, particularly as these devices often come with cravings. One might liken this technology to sugar; a little is OK, but if we have too much, we just want more. Moderation is key.
Likewise, if your own smart phone is a constant companion, trying to teach your child about moderate technology use will be very difficult. Try to lead by example and ensure there are times of the day when your phone is tucked into your bag or back pocket and is out of sight.
If your child wants to play on the tablet or smartphone all the time, try storing them out of plain sight. If your child can’t see it, they’re less likely to ask for it. Reserve screen time for when you are available to sit with them and make the most of the experience.
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Migraines may be triggered by lack of sleep, changes in the weather, hunger, excessive stimulation of the senses, stress, or other factors.
They can be made worse by physical activity, light, sounds, or odors.
Doctors base the diagnosis on typical symptoms.
There is no cure for migraines, but drugs are used to stop the migraine as it is starting, to relieve pain, and to reduce the number and severity of migraines attacks.
(See also Overview of Headache Overview of Headache A headache is pain in any part of the head, including the scalp, upper neck, face, and interior of the head. Headaches are one of the most common reasons people visit a doctor. Headaches interfere... read more .)
Migraines are the most common cause of recurring moderate to severe headaches.
Although migraines can start at any age, they usually begin during puberty or young adulthood. In most people, migraines recur periodically (fewer than 15 days a month). After age 50, headaches often become significantly less severe or resolve entirely. Migraines are 3 times more common among women. In the United States, about 18% of women and 6% of men have a migraine at some time each year.
Migraines may become chronic. That is, they occur 15 or more days a month. Chronic migraines often develop in people who overuse drugs to treat migraines.
Migraines tend to run in families. More than half the people who have migraines have close relatives who also have them.
Migraines occur in people whose nervous system is more sensitive than that of other people. In these people, nerve cells in the brain are easily stimulated, producing electrical activity. As electrical activity spreads over the brain, various functions, such as vision, sensation, balance, muscle coordination, and speech, are temporarily disturbed. These disturbances cause the symptoms that occur before the headache (called the aura). The headache occurs when the 5th cranial (trigeminal) nerve is stimulated. This nerve sends impulses (including pain impulses) from the eyes, scalp, forehead, upper eyelids, mouth, and jaw to the brain. When stimulated, the nerve may release substances that cause painful inflammation in the blood vessels of the brain (cerebral blood vessels) and the layers of tissues that cover the brain (meninges). The inflammation accounts for the throbbing headache, nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and sound.
Estrogen, the main female hormone, appears to trigger migraines, possibly explaining why migraines are more common among women. Migraines can probably be triggered when estrogen levels increase or fluctuate. During puberty (when estrogen levels increase), migraines become much more common among girls than among boys. Some women have migraines just before, during, or just after menstrual periods. Migraines often occur less often and become less severe in the last trimester of pregnancy when estrogen levels are relatively stable, and they worsen after childbirth when estrogen levels decrease rapidly. As menopause approaches (when estrogen levels are fluctuating), migraines become particularly difficult to control.
Oral contraceptives (which contain estrogen) and estrogen therapy may make migraines worse and may increase the risk of stroke in women who have migraines with an aura.
Other triggers include the following:
Various foods have been associated with migraines, but whether they trigger migraines is unclear. These foods include
Foods that contain tyramine, such as aged cheeses, soy products, fava beans, hard sausages, smoked or dried fish, and some nuts
Foods that contain nitrates, such as hot dogs and lunch meats
Foods that contain MSG (monosodium glutamate), a flavor enhancer found in fast foods, broths, seasonings, and spices
Caffeine (including that in chocolate)
Which foods trigger migraines varies from person to person.
Head injuries, neck pain, or a problem with the joint of the jaw (temporomandibular joint disorder) Temporomandibular Disorders The temporomandibular joints are the connections between the temporal bones of the skull and the lower jawbone (mandible). There are two temporomandibular joints, one on each side of the face... read more sometimes triggers or worsens migraines.
Familial hemiplegic migraine, a rare subtype of migraine, causes weakness on one side of the body. It is associated with genetic defects on chromosome 1, 2, or 19. The role of genes in the more common forms of migraine is under study.
In some families, family members have different migraine symptoms. Some have mainly headache. Some have mainly vertigo Dizziness and Vertigo Dizziness is an inexact term people often use to describe various related sensations, including Faintness (feeling about to pass out) Light-headedness Dysequilibrium (feeling off balance or... read more (a type of dizziness) or weakness on one side of the body. Some have only a migraine aura with no headache. These findings suggest that migraine may be more than just a headache disorder.
In a migraine, pulsating or throbbing pain is usually felt on one side of the head, but it may occur on both sides. The pain may be moderate but is often severe and incapacitating. Physical activity, bright light, loud noises, and certain odors may make the headache worse. This increased sensitivity makes many people retreat to a dark, quiet room, lie down, and sleep if possible. Typically, migraines subside during sleep.
The headache is frequently accompanied by nausea, sometimes with vomiting, and sensitivity to light, sounds, and/or odors. People have difficulty concentrating during an attack.
Attacks vary greatly in frequency and severity. Many people have several types of headache, including mild attacks without nausea or sensitivity to light. These attacks may resemble a tension-type headache Tension-Type Headaches A tension-type headache is usually mild to moderate pain that feels like a band tightening around the head. Stress, sleep disturbances, neck or jaw pain, or eye strain may trigger these headaches... read more but are a mild form of migraine.
Migraine attacks may last for hours to a few days (typically 4 hours to several days). Severe attacks can be incapacitating and disrupt family and work life.
A prodrome often occurs before a migraine. The prodrome is sensations that warn people that an attack is about to begin. These sensations may include mood changes, neck pain, food cravings, loss of appetite, and nausea.
An aura precedes migraines in about 25% of people. The aura involves temporary, reversible disturbances in vision, sensation, balance, muscle coordination, or speech. People may see jagged, shimmering, or flashing lights or develop a blind spot with flickering edges. Less commonly, people experience tingling sensations, loss of balance, weakness in an arm or a leg, or difficulty talking. The aura lasts minutes to an hour before and may continue after the headache begins. Some people experience an aura but have only a mild or no headache.
Migraines usually become less severe as people age. However, auras that affect vision without a headache occur more frequently in older people.
Doctors diagnose migraines when symptoms are typical and results of a physical examination (which includes a neurologic examination Neurologic Examination When a neurologic disorder is suspected, doctors usually evaluate all of the body systems during the physical examination, but they focus on the nervous system. Examination of the nervous system—the... read more ) are normal.
No test or procedure can confirm the diagnosis.
Certain findings are warning signs that suggest that the headaches may be caused by a serious disorder. These findings include the following:
A sudden headache that becomes most severe within a few seconds or less (thunderclap headache)
Headaches that begin after age 50
Headaches that increase in intensity or frequency for weeks or longer
Headaches that occur in people who have had cancer or have a weakened immune system (due to a disorder or drug)
A severe headache accompanied by a fever, a stiff neck, and/or confusion
Persistent problems that suggest a brain disorder, such abnormalities in sensation or vision, weakness, loss of coordination, and drowsiness or confusion
A clear change in the established headache pattern
If headaches have developed recently or if certain warning signs are present, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the head is often done, and a spinal tap (lumbar puncture) is sometimes done to exclude other disorders.
If people who are known to have migraines develop a headache that is similar to their previous migraines, doctors rarely do tests. However, if the headache is different, particularly if warning signs are present, a doctor's examination and often tests are needed.
When treatment does not prevent people from having frequent or incapacitating migraines, taking drugs every day to prevent migraine attacks can help (see table Some Drugs Used to Treat Migraines Some Drugs Used to Treat Migraines A migraine headache is typically a pulsating or throbbing pain that ranges from moderate to severe. It can affect one or both sides of the head. It is often worsened by physical activity, light... read more ). Taking preventive drugs may help people take pain relievers or other migraine drugs less often and thus help avoid medication overuse headache Medication Overuse Headache A medication overuse (rebound) headache occurs when people who take too many headache drugs have a headache for more than 15 days a month for more than 3 months. Medication overuse headache... read more .
The choice of a preventive drug is based on the side effects of the drug and on other disorders present, as in the following examples:
Beta-blockers Adrenergic blockers High blood pressure is very common. It often does not cause symptoms; however, high blood pressure can increase the risk of stroke, heart attacks, and heart failure. Therefore, it is important... read more , such as propranolol, are often used, particularly in people with anxiety or coronary artery disease.
The antiseizure drug topiramate may be given to people who are overweight because it can promote weight loss.
The antiseizure drug divalproex can help stabilize mood and may be useful if migraines make functioning difficult.
Amitriptyline may be given to people with depression or insomnia.
OnabotulinumtoxinA (used to block nerve activity) or newer drugs (such as divalproex and monoclonal antibodies) may be used when other drugs are ineffective.
Monoclonal antibodies (such as erenumab, fremanezumab, or galcanezumab) if other drugs are ineffective.
Monoclonal antibodies, given by injection, block the action of a substance that can trigger migraines.
Other drugs that can be used to prevent migraines include calcium channel blockers.
Devices that stimulate certain nerves, held to certain parts of the body, can also help prevent migraine attacks. One such device, held to the forehead, can reduce the frequency of migraines. Another device, held to the back of the skull, can relieve migraines as they start and help prevent them. These devices have no significant side effects.
Migraines cannot be cured, but they can be controlled.
Doctors encourage people to keep a headache diary. In it, people write down the number and timing of attacks, possible triggers, and their response to treatment. With this information, triggers may be identified and eliminated when possible. Then, people can participate in their treatment by avoiding triggers, and doctors can better plan and adjust treatment.
Doctors also recommend using behavioral interventions (such as relaxation, biofeedback, and stress management) to control migraine attacks, especially when stress is a trigger or when people are taking too many drugs to control the migraines. Relaxation techniques can help control stress, ease muscle tension, and alter brain wave activity.
Yoga can reduce the intensity and frequency of migraines. Yoga combines physical poses that strengthen and stretch muscles with deep breathing, meditation, and relaxation.
Some drugs stop (abort) a migraine as it is starting or keep it from progressing. Some are taken to control the pain. Others are taken to prevent migraines.
For mild to moderate migraines, pain relievers (analgesics Treatment of Pain In some cases, treating the underlying disorder eliminates or minimizes the pain. For example, setting a broken bone in a cast or giving antibiotics for an infected joint helps reduce pain.... read more ) can help control the pain. Often, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or acetaminophen is used. They can be taken as needed during a migraine, with or instead of a triptan. For occasional mild migraines, analgesics that contain caffeine, an opioid, or butalbital (a barbiturate) may help. However, overuse of analgesics, caffeine (in analgesic preparations or in caffeinated beverages), or triptans can lead to daily, more severe migraines. Such headaches, called medication overuse headaches Medication Overuse Headache A medication overuse (rebound) headache occurs when people who take too many headache drugs have a headache for more than 15 days a month for more than 3 months. Medication overuse headache... read more , occur when these drugs are taken more than 15 days a month for more than 3 months.
When migraines are or become severe, drugs that can abort the migraine are used. They are taken as soon as people sense a migraine is starting. They include the following:
Triptans (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT], or serotonin, agonists) are usually used. Triptans prevent nerves from releasing substances that can trigger migraines. Triptans are most effective when taken as soon as the migraine begins. They may be taken by mouth or by nasal spray or be injected under the skin (subcutaneously).
Ditans are a new class of drugs that can abort headaches. They work like triptans but may have fewer side effects that involve the heart (such as changes in blood pressure or heart rate). Lasmiditan, taken by mouth, is currently the only ditan being used. No more than one dose of lasmiditan should be taken in 24 hours.
Gepants are another new class of drugs that can abort headaches. Gepants block a protein in the blood that triggers migraine. These drugs (rimegepant and ubrogepant) are taken by mouth.
Dihydroergotamine is given intravenously, subcutaneously, and by nasal spray to stop severe, persistent migraines. It is usually given with a drug used to relieve nausea (antiemetic drug), such as prochlorperazine, given intravenously.
Certain antiemetic drugs (such as prochlorperazine or metoclopramide) may be used to relieve mild to moderate migraines. Prochlorperazine, taken by mouth or given as a suppository, is also used to stop migraines when people cannot tolerate triptans or dihydroergotamine.
Because triptans and dihydroergotamine may cause blood vessels to narrow (constrict), they are not recommended for people who have angina, coronary artery disease, or uncontrolled high blood pressure. If older people or people with risk factors for coronary artery disease need to take these drugs, they must be monitored closely. However, people with one of these disorders can take lasmiditan, rimegepant, or ubrogepant.
If migraines are usually accompanied by nausea, taking an antiemetic with a triptan when symptoms begin is effective. Antiemetics (such as prochlorperazine or metoclopramide), taken alone, may also stop mild or moderate migraines from progressing.
When other treatments are ineffective in people with severe migraines, opioid analgesics may be used as a last resort.
When migraines are severe, fluids given intravenously can help relieve headache and make people feel better, especially if people are dehydrated from vomiting.
Other drugs are used to prevent migraine and can decrease the frequency and severity of symptoms. They include the following:
OnabotulinumtoxinA (which is injected into the scalp, forehead, and neck) or monoclonal antibodies can be used to treat chronic migraines.
Missing or reducing a dose of a drug used to prevent migraines or taking it late may trigger or worsen a migraine.
Devices that stimulate certain nerves, held to certain parts of the body, can help treat migraine attacks, as well as prevent them. One such device, held to the forehead, can reduce the frequency of migraines. Another device, held to the back of the skull, can relieve migraines as they start. A device that uses an armband to stimulate nerves in the skin can relieve migraine pain. These devices have no significant side effects.
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Distinguished from interfaith pluralism Because the meaning of "Christianity" is diverse, the description of what is meant by Christian ecumenism is equally diverse.
On the one hand, ecumenism is "interfaith dialogue" between representatives of diverse faiths, not necessarily with the intention of reconciling the professors of other faiths into full, organic unity with one another but simply to promote better relations. With some Christian perspectives on ecumenism, there is no other principle of ecumenism than this. They aim only toward the promotion of toleration, mutual respect and cooperation, whether between Christian churches and denominations, or between Christianity and other faiths. Thus, the World Council of Churches is an instrument in both, the Ecumenical Movement and the Interfaith Movement. However, this is not the case for all Christian ecumenical initiatives; and it would be difficult if not impossible to discuss them together, when much of the Christian world makes a definite difference between the two ideas. Therefore, readers are referred to the thorough discussion of ecumenism in the sense of the promotion of mutual appreciation and improvement between diverse religions, under the entry on religious pluralism.
On the other hand, ecumenism means the aim to reconcile all who profess Christian faith, into a single, visible organization, for example, through union with the Roman Catholic Church, or the Orthodox Church. Ecumenism in this sense focuses on the special problem of the relationship between Christian denominations, where Christianity is dogmatically defined.
The promotion of the unity of Christianity dogmatically defined For a significantly representative part of the Christian world, the highest aim of the Christian faith is the reconciliation of all divided humanity into a full and conscious union with one Christian Church, visibly united in the sense of governmental accountability between all of its parts and the whole. At a minimum, the desire is expressed in many places by official Christendom, that all who profess faith in Christ in sincerity, would be more fully cooperative and mutually correcting of one another.
The problem of three houses Surveying the landscape from miles above the problem, the scope of Christian ecumenism is usually described in terms of the three largest divisions of Christendom: Catholic, Orthodox, and Protestant. This disguises the complexity of these divisions, as though each part represents one of three equally definable entities, and as though these divisions represent the most serious differences that would need to be overcome in order to realize the objective of mutual understanding among all Christians, let alone full reconciliation. Nevertheless, it is basically true that, the puzzle of ecumenism is a problem concerning primarily these three houses, each of which presents its own distinctive challenge to finding agreement on the real extent of Christian unity.
World Council of Churches; at the same time, the Orthodox have been official non-participants in any redefinition of the Christian faith toward a reduced, minimal, anti-dogmatic and anti-traditional, pan-christianity. Christianity, for the Eastern Orthodox, is merely the Church; and the Church is merely Orthodoxy in the sense expressed by Holy Tradition - nothing less, and nothing else. Therefore, Orthodox ecumenism is open to dialogue with the devil himself, but all must be canonically baptized before settling into the true home of every creature, the Orthodox church.
One way to observe the attitude of the Orthodox Church towards non-Orthodox is to see how they receive new members from other faiths. Non-Christians, such as Buddhists or atheists, who wish to become Orthodox Christians are accepted through the sacraments of baptism and chrismation. Protestants are often received through only chrismation, provided they received a trinitarian baptism in a Protestant church. Catholics are often received through a minimal form of chrismation. Also Protestants are often referred to as "heterodox", which simply means "other worship", rather than as heretics or non-Christians.
religious pluralism, which to some extent has goals that are antithetical to dogmatic ecumenism. This is not to say that dogmatists can never be practical and principled pluralists; however, the ultimate aim of dogmatic ecumenism cannot be reconciled with pluralism as an ideal and permanent state of affairs. This highlights the second obstacle to the realization of Christian unity, where what is meant by Christianity in its fullest sense is defined, in the case of Catholicism defined very elaborately, by certain positive doctrinal limitations. The doctrinal definitions themselves place insurmountable barriers against union on a basis which contradicts those definitions.
Until the Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, the relationship between estranged Christian traditions was basically in deadlock because of the intransigence of the Roman Catholic Church with regard to every point of division between itself and differing dogmatic Christian Churches. The traditional view of Roman Catholicism was that "there is no salvation outside the [Catholic] Church". To be sure, this intransigence works both ways, and as a result, ecumenism prior to this important council was only different by degrees from evangelization of the heathen. However, Vatican II initiated a new era in the serious pursuit of unity between diverse dogmatic traditions. This new initiative of ecumenism embraces religious pluralism as compatible with the ultimate aim of Catholic ecumenism, and simultaneously distances itself from pluralism as the ideal state of Christian unity. In papal encyclicals[?] produced under two post-Vatican II pontifs, this new ecumenism is outlined in the first place definitively, and in the second, very practically:
The ultimate objective toward which these documents direct the Catholic ecumenical task, is nothing other than a complete, conscious communion of all Christians, indeed, of all mankind, in a single faith and one Christian Church, beginning with a conversion of the Catholic people. Ecumenism is essentially, catholic renewal.
At the same time, the pursuit of renewal is not compatible with a complacent settling into the very patterns of sin that must be removed before renewal can take place.
Therefore, ecumenism expresses a central concern of the whole Christian life.
In the pursuit of this ultimate objective, it is necessary to reverse past patterns of hostility, and place the Church in the service of those who are alienated from it. This service cannot paradoxically aim at the destruction of enemies through a deceitful conquest by flattery, but must sincerely desire their benefit in terms that can be immediately understood as such without first requiring the reconciliation of the enemy. Thus, there is compatibility at least in principle, between religious pluralism, and the ultimate aim of full agreement in the faith, as long as the principle of pluralism to which the Church adheres is not a contradiction of fidelity to her own calling, but in fact, an expression of it. Therefore, Catholic ecumenism depicts itself as the attempt of the Catholic church to repair a conflict within itself.
To a great extent, dogmatic Protestantism, the Protestantism of the Reformation, has been marginalized by both, the Ecumenical Movement and the Interfaith Movement, and is hardly a factor in any major scheme of ecumenism. Instead, the very institutions which have been instruments of the humiliation of Protestant orthodoxy are viewed by Catholics and Orthodox as the prime candidates for true ecumenism. While many of these institutions maintain historical identification with the doctrinal statements that have defined their unique development, they do so without commitment to them as actual organs for the definition of Christian faith. This widely representative, liberal Protestantism has greeted Vatican II as a positive sign that all of Christendom is on the path toward joining liberal Protestantism in setting aside differences to gather all Christians for love's sake, onto the ever-shrinking island of essential Christianity. At the same time, the liberal Protestant ecumenists are cautious, in case Vatican II is a false face disguising an unreformed dogmatic spirit. Classical Protestants are skeptical about whether any ecumenical union with liberal Protestantism can ultimately be meaningful, or even possible - unless nails without a point can bind planks without substance into an edifice without structure, and someone can still call this a home.
That Protestantism with whom no one seriously seeks reconciliation, which continues to profess Christ in agreement with the ecumenical creeds, even in the face of death, and confesses that salvation is not ordinarily found outside of the visible church, has always seen as the most noble of all ambitions, the goal of unity among all Christians in the truth. But it is turned more skeptical of Catholic and Orthodox ecumenical initiatives, that are engaged in dialogue on the principles of the Reformation, with parties which no longer defend those principles. Consequently, Ut unum sint is distrusted not because it sounds hostile, but because it sounds so friendly. It enters easily in the Protestant ear, as though it were issued by its own breath — and only after listening enchanted for a while, are Protestants startled awake by signature sentences to the recognition that such comfortable words have been spoken by an unconverted enemy. Dogmatic Protestantism will not look for unity to come over the wall — it must come through the door, applying the key of unhidden Scripture, or the offerer of unity will be distrusted as a thief and a murderer through every point of his approach. As for Orthodoxy, by which it was fascinated at first, now confessing Protestantism grows weary of the Eastern inability to discern the difference between culture and dogma, and sees little hope of union so long as the East continues to promote mere eastern-ness as its point of departure and first point of pride. Therefore, the ecumenism of Protestant orthodoxy continues to be an expression of the self-frustrated quest for self-realization, for true Reformation, when "Protestant" will at long last no longer be its name.
Signs Leaders of Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, and Protestant ecumenism. Ecumenical initiatives and documents; etc.
Catholic and Orthodox bishops in North America are engaged in an ongoing dialogue. They are meeting together periodically as the "North American Orthodox-Catholic Theological Consultation". It has been meeting semiannually since it was founded in 1965 under the auspices of the Bishops’ Committee for Ecumenical and Interreligious Affairs of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops[?] and the Standing Conference of Canonical Orthodox Bishops in the Americas[?] (SCOBA). The Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops officialy joined the Consultation as a sponsor in 1997. The Consultation works in tandem with the Joint Committee of Orthodox and Catholic Bishops[?] which has been meeting annually since 1981. Since 1999 the Consultation has been discussing the filioque clause, with the hope of eventually reaching an agreed joint statement.
The original anathemas (excommunications) that mark the "official" Great Schism of 1054 between Catholics and Orthodox were mutually revoked in 1965 by the Pope and the Patriarch of Constantinople. But just as the original schism developed over time rather than erupting overnight, reconciliation is proceeding slowly.
Some protestants who are continuing their search for the 'original' early church are finding their way back to either Catholicism or Orthodoxy. In the 1970s, the Evangelical Orthodox Church[?] was formed by a group of Protestants based on their reading of the Bible and church history. Led by Peter Gilquist[?], most of them joined the Antiochian Orthodox Church[?] in the 1980s, although a few bishops and their parishes remained independent at that time. A handful of EOC parishes joined the Orthodox Church in America in 2002. Another protestant group that has made itself "look" more Orthodox without officially becoming Orthodox is an offshoot of the Holy Order of MANS[?].
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From: Walter, Joyce
Sent: Monday, January 14, 2013 9:29 AM
To: Culliton, Richard
Subject: Preparations for Early Flu Season
To: Wesleyan students, staff, faculty and parents:
This year’s flu season has occurred early and is widespread. In order to prepare you for the start of the spring semester, please review these simple steps to prepare.
Make sure you have these basic supplies:
A simple electronic thermometer
Disinfectant spray or wipes for use on shared workspaces such as desks in classrooms
Over-the counter symptom relieving medicines like ibuprofen or Tylenol (remember that aspirin and products containing aspirin can be dangerous for those of you under 19 if you have the flu).
Practice good hand hygiene
Wash your hands with soap and water, especially after coughing or sneezing. Alcohol-based hand cleaners also are effective, and we encourage you to carry one with you.
Practice respiratory etiquette
Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue when you cough or sneeze.
If you don’t have a tissue, cough or sneeze into your elbow or shoulder, not into your hands.
Avoid touching your eyes, nose, or mouth; germs are spread this way.
Get a seasonal flu shot (it is not too late)!
Shots are widely available this year through your primary care provider, most local pharmacies, or local Departments of Health. It takes about two weeks after receiving the vaccine to develop immunity. You can also use this link to find a flu shot: http://www.flu.gov and use your zip code for flu vaccine finder.
If you do become ill, please remember that influenza is highly contagious. It can often last for over 7 days; all the more reason to take steps to avoid it.
If you have a flulike illness, stay home or go home
If you have a fever over 100° F or symptoms of fever (chills, night sweats) accompanied by cough, body aches, sore throat, runny nose, headache, or fatigue, you may have a flu-like illness. Don’t go to class or work. Contact your primary care provider or the Davison Health Center for advice or if needed, an appointment. There will be a dedicated nurses line (860 685-2653) for your questions. If you have a chronic medical condition, such as asthma or diabetes, please request an appointment with a provider.
If you are absent, please notify your professor. For more information, please see:
Joyce L. Walter
Director, Davison Health Center
327 High Street
Middletown, CT 06459
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Sir Chandrasekhara Venkat Raman, a world renowned Indian physicist, brought honour to the Indian nation through his contribution to the field of Physics. He has made remarkable discoveries and his theory is called the Raman Effect, and it deals with a concept known as Raman Scattering.
His Early Years and Education
Sir C.V. Raman was born on November 7, 1888 at Thiruvanaikoil near Tiruchirappali. He was the second child in his family among eight others. He did his schooling from St. Aloysius Anglo-Indian High School at Vizag, Andhra Pradesh and later completed his graduation in B.A in Physics from Presidency College (Chennai) in 1904 and M.A in 1907.
His earliest research as a student was based on Acoustics and Optics. This interest from a young age made him develop advanced concepts in the same field. After completing his post graduation, he initially joined the Indian Finance Department.
Though this was not his area of interest, he gave his best effort in his work and found the time to conduct experiments in his field. He was later endowed the Palit Chair of Physics at Calcutta University. Fifteen years later, he became a Professor at the Indian Institute of Science at Bangalore.
His Significant Achievements
Sir C.V. Raman was the founder of the Indian Journals of Physics in 1926. In 1928, with this various experiments on scattering of light, he discovered the Raman Effect which proposed that “when light traverses a transparent material, some of the light that is deflected changes in wavelength”. This discovery helped in proving the Quantum Theory of Light and also helped in initiating the Raman Spectroscopy.
For his astounding experiments, he was knighted in 1929 after being elected as a fellow of the Royal Society. Sir C.V. Raman was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1930. Post 1948, he became the director of The Raman Institute of Research at Bangalore.
With his experiments, he was able to determine the diffraction of light by acoustic waves of ultrasonic and hypersonic frequencies and also about the effects of X-rays on infrared vibrations of crystals exposed to ordinary light.
He shed new light on the theory of Crystal Dynamics which helped in solving the fundamental problems of crystals. In 1941, he was awarded the Franklin Medal. A Bharat Ratna was awarded to him in 1954 for his exemplary achievements and he was also bestowed the Lenin Peace Prize in 1957.
Apart from dealing with acoustics and optics, he had several other interests like structure of colloids, physiology of the human eye and its vision, electric and magnetic anisotropy.
His Life Post Retirement
Sir C. V. Raman, after his retirement in 1948 from the Indian Institute of Science, remained active as the director of The Raman Institute of Research until his demise in 1970. He is still remembered for his contribution to the field of science and for his intellect.
National Science Day is celebrated in India on 28 February each year to mark the discovery of the Raman effect by Indian physicist Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman on 28 February 1928.
We remember with immense pride the rich and everlasting contribution of Sir CV Raman to science. He is a great inspiration for young minds.
— Narendra Modi (@narendramodi) February 28, 2016
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Buffalo or “Indian Head” nickels are one of the most collected series of United States coinage. They are a true favorite among U.S. coin collectors.
Buffalo Nickels were struck at the U.S. Mint from 1913 to 1938. The design was created by sculptor James Earle Fraser. The obverse (front) of the coin is a portrait of a Native American Man facing right. There is some controversy even to this day as to who the man was that Fraser modeled the design after. Many individuals laid claim to being the model, but none were able to provide proof.
The reverse depicts an American Buffalo or bison, facing left. Fraser was clear that he wanted the coin to look fundamentally American. In a 1947 interview he was quoted as saying: “Well, when I was asked to do a nickel, I felt I wanted to do something totally American—a coin that could not be mistaken for any other country’s coin. It occurred to me that the buffalo, as part of our western background, was 100% American, and that our North American Indian fitted into the picture perfectly.” The Buffalo was supposedly modeled after a Bison named “Black Diamond” in the New York City Central Park Zoo.
The first year of issue, 1913, featured two reverse styles. The Type I design shows the Buffalo standing on a raised mound. They switched to the Type II design midway through production. The Type II depicts the Buffalo standing on a thinner base straight line.
The “Key” (rarest) dates in the Buffalo Nickel series are 1913-D Ty II, 1913-S Ty II, 1914-D, 1915-s, & 1924-S (among others). The most valuable of the Buffalo Nickels is the fabled “3 Legged Buffalo” minted in 1937 at the Denver Mint (D). The front leg of the Buffalo is missing on this coin. Excessive die polishing is believed as the reason too much metal was removed causing the buffalo’s leg to vanish. Before the mint realized the error a few thousand had been released into circulation. This coin can range in value from hundreds to many thousands of dollars!!
La Jolla Coin Shop & San Diego Coin both buy and sell all types of Buffalo Nickels. The vast majority that we see are very common and low value. But we do inventory a wide range of dates, conditions and prices. Collecting Buffalo Nickels is a fun and fairly affordable series of U.S.Coins to collect!! Contact us if you would like information about Buffalo Nickels!!
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Lens thickness is a problem for me
Do any of these situations sound familiar ?
I enjoy choosing nice frames, but my glasses don’t look good because my lenses are too thick.
My lenses add weight to my glasses, so when I remove them they leave red marks on my nose.
I’d like to choose larger frames but I was told that if I do so, my lenses will be thicker.
As lens power increases, so does the lens thickness. But there are ways to make lenses thinner.
It’s true that lenses get their power from their thickness variation. But they also get it from their refractive index and from their optical design. Here are three ways to make lenses thinner:
- Increase the refractive index of the material.
High index lenses require less thickness to get the same corrective power. Standard index lens materials use index 1.5 or 1.56, and high index lenses are 1.6 and above.
- Use an aspheric optical design.
There are three main types of designs for single-focus lenses: spherical, aspherical and dual aspherical. Aspheric optical designs can make lenses thinner by using different curvatures at the center and on the sides. Properly computed optical designs can do this while increasing the optical quality and the sharpness of the lenses.
- Choose a smaller frame.
Due to the shape of the lens, a smaller frame will generally result in thinner lenses. Or, if you’d like to use a larger frame without increasing lens thickness, it’s possible to achieve this with a higher index material and aspheric design.
The Nikon lenses that fit your needs
Nikon offers a wide range of lenses of all indexes, from standard 1.5 to the ultra-high index 1.74 material, which Nikon was the first to launch worldwide.
As higher index lenses are also more likely to reflect light, all Nikon high-index lenses receive a Nikon anti-glare coating that makes the lens very transparent.
Of all the Nikon lenses, the Nikon DAS dual aspheric lenses are the thinnest. They use a dual aspheric design that is up to 14% thinner than ordinary lenses made from the same material.
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VGA Graphics On An FPGA
Posted: April 20, 2008
This is my first FPGA project. I got this Xilinx Spartan3 FGPA starter kit which came with 5 pins hooked up to a VGA port. Basically all it does is takes the 50MHz clock crystal and halves it to 25MHz. This creates a VGA clock where each pixel is 1 clock cycle. It uses a 10 bit counter for doing the horizontal timing and a 10 bit counter for the vertical timing. Using these counters it calculates when to apply voltage to the horizontal and vertical sync pins and data on the red, green, and blue pins. Coding was all done in VHDL (source code is below). Btw, anyone interested in reading about video timings, I found this page quite useful: http://www.epanorama.net/documents/pc/vga_timing.html.
I have a video of vga2.vhd working on YouTube.com: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YcRCNr78GuQ.
Update (2014-Sep-02): I did a new VGA project recently in Java with a more full explanation on how VGA works here: Java VGA
Related Projects @mikekohn.net
LinksDigilent - This is the web site where I got my FPGA starter kit from. They have some really nice stuff there.
Copyright 1997-2015 - Michael Kohn
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Cordova — Hunters in Prince William Sound Game Management Unit 6D are asked to avoid harvesting collared black bears. The bears are part of an Alaska Department of Fish and Game and Chugach National Forest cooperative study that includes tracking the animals to learn more about home ranges, bear movements, and habitat use.
Biologists placed radio telemetry collars on 20 black bears captured and released this summer in the sound. The collars are programmed to detach from the bears after three seasons of data collection. The bears were also fitted with ear tags that may be visible to hunters and wildlife viewers.
Declining black bear harvests in Prince William Sound have led to conservative measures including shorter hunting seasons, a maximum allowable harvest of 200 bears, and managing the hunt by registration permit. Black bear harvests in Unit 6D, which encompasses coastal areas surrounding Whittier, Valdez and Cordova, nearly tripled from the late 1990s to 2007 and have steadily declined since. Records show that harvests in regulatory years 2012 and 2013 fell 25 percent and 47 percent, respectively, below the previous regulatory year. Harvests in 2014 and 2015 continued to decline although not as rapidly.
“This cooperative project is our first step to improve our understanding of the black bear population in Prince William Sound and to make sense of what the harvest data is telling us,” said Cordova Area Biologist Charlotte Westing.
Although it is not illegal to harvest collared bears, the loss of research animals could impede biologists’ efforts to learn more about Unit 6D black bear populations. Hunters who take a collared bear are asked to bring the collar to a department office within 30 days of the kill, at the time the hide and skull are presented for sealing.
The project is ongoing and expected to continue next summer. Hunters are reminded that black bears may be hunted in Prince William Sound Game Management Unit 6D by registration permit (RL065) only. Permits can be obtained online at http://hunt.alaska.gov or in person at some Alaska Department of Fish and Game offices. See the Alaska Hunting Regulations for more details.
Successful hunters must report harvests within five days of taking a black bear. Reports may be made online at http://hunt.alaska.gov, in person at a department office, or by phone at (907) 424-3215. The black bear hunting season in Unit 6D will close by emergency order if the department’s maximum allowable harvest of 200 bears is reached, or once 50 sows are taken.
For more information on black bear hunting in Unit 6, contact Cordova Area Wildlife Biologist Charlotte Westing at (907) 424-3215 or firstname.lastname@example.org.
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A team of Georgia Tech researchers have devised a wearable computer system that promises to help blind people navigate unfamiliar areas, and please the acronym police as well. Like most prototypes, the the SWAN (System for Wearable Audio Navigation) is pretty bulky in its current form, with a laptop, GPS, inertial sensors, pedometer, RFID tags, RF sensors, a compass, and other gear all stuffed into a backpack, although they're apparently already working on a smaller version. To get navigation information to the wearer, the SWAN employs a pair of "bonephones" (also developed by Georgia Tech), which send sounds to the person using bone conduction
, letting them keep their ears free to hear what's going on around them. Instead of using traditional voice navigation, however, the SWAN uses what the researchers call "3D audio cues," which consist of navigational beacons that the person is supposed to walk towards, and secondary sounds informing them of nearby objects or changes in walking surfaces. Makes the UltraCane
seem a little old-fashioned, no?
[Via Roland Piquepaille's Technology Trends
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ACCOMMODATION: Pilot only
POWER PLANT: One Toku-Ro.2 /KR10) bi-fuel liquid rocket, rated at 1,500 kp thrust
PERFORMANCE: 559 mph at 32,808 ft
COMMENT: The Mitsubishi J8M “Shūsui” (literally “Autumn Water”, used as a poetic term meaning “Sharp Sword” deriving from the swishing sound of a sword) was a Japanese WW II rocket-powered interceptor aircraft closely based on the German Messerschmitt Me 163 “Komet” (Comet”). Built as a joint project for both the Japanese Navy and the Army Air Services, it was designated J8M (Navy) and Ki-200 (Army).
The Ki-200 and the J8M1 differed only in minor items, but the most obvious difference was the JAAF’s Ki-200 was armed with two 30 mm Type 5 cannon (with a rate of fire of 450 rounds per minute and a muzzle velocity of 720 m/s, while the J8M1 was armed with two 30 mm Ho-105 cannon (rate of fire 400 rounds per minute, muzzle velocity 750 m/s). The Ho-105 was the lighter of the two and both offered a higher velocity than the German MK 108 cannon of the Messerschmitt Me 163 (whose muzzle velocity was 520 m/s).
The Toko Ro.2 (KR10) rocket motor did not offer the same thrust rating as the original, and Mitsubishi calculated that the lighter weight of the J8M1 would not offset this. Performance would not be as good as that of the Me 163 “Komet”, but was still substantial. The engine still used the German propellants of T-Stoff oxidizer and C-Stoff fuel (hydrogen peroxide/methanol-hydrazine), known in Japan as “Ko” and “Otsu” respectively.
At the end of the war “Shusui” production was already under way. Additionally, the Navy had instructed Mitsubishi, Nissan and Fuji to design a further Navy version as J8M2 with only one cannon thus giving additional space for more fuel and by that more endurance, while the Army ordered Rikugun Kokugijutsu Kenkyujo the development of an enlarged version of the Ki-200 with increased fuel tankage, known as Mitsubishi Ki-202 “Shusui Kai” to be built by Mitsubishi (Ref.: 1, 24).
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Wednesday, February 28, 2007
Some Seattle school children are being told to be skeptical of private property rights. This lesson is being taught by banning Legos.
A ban was initiated at the Hilltop Children's Center in Seattle. According to an article in the winter 2006-07 issue of "Rethinking Schools" magazine, the teachers at the private school wanted their students to learn that private property ownership is evil.
According to the article, the students had been building an elaborate "Legotown," but it was accidentally demolished. The teachers decided its destruction was an opportunity to explore "the inequities of private ownership." According to the teachers, "Our intention was to promote a contrasting set of values: collectivity, collaboration, resource-sharing, and full democratic participation."
The children were allegedly incorporating into Legotown "their assumptions about ownership and the social power it conveys." These assumptions "mirrored those of a class-based, capitalist society -- a society that we teachers believe to be unjust and oppressive."
They claimed as their role shaping the children's "social and political understandings of ownership and economic equity ... from a perspective of social justice."
So they first explored with the children the issue of ownership. Not all of the students shared the teachers' anathema to private property ownership. "If I buy it, I own it," one child is quoted saying. The teachers then explored with the students concepts of fairness, equity, power, and other issues over a period of several months.
At the end of that time, Legos returned to the classroom after the children agreed to several guiding principles framed by the teachers, including that "All structures are public structures" and "All structures will be standard sizes." The teachers quote the children:
"A house is good because it is a community house."
"We should have equal houses. They should be standard sizes."
"It's important to have the same amount of power as other people over your building."
[Comments are held for approval, so there will be some delay in posting]
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Diamonds In Ancient HistorySince the beginning of recorded history, diamonds have been a source of power and beauty that has captivated mankind. They have always been the center of culture, myths, and legends. Even during ancient times, diamonds were a symbol of wealth, power, and love. Back then, these precious stones were not cut into the shimmering gems we are familiar with today. The ancient cultures worshiped the rough form of the stone, otherwise known as an octahedron. These rough diamonds had a configuration of 6 sharp points, 8 flat planes, and 12 straight, sharp ridges and were considered extremely magical.
In ancient Egypt, a diamond could be found in the middle of a hieroglyph known as an ankh, which is a cross with a loop on the top. The placement of the stone symbolized the sun, which the Egyptians considered the source of power, truth, and courage. Because of the Egyptians, today we still wear the engagement ring on the third finger of our left hand. They believed the ‘vein of love’ connected the ring finger and the heart.
The Hindu culture believed that diamonds were created by a lightning strike to a rock, and they used them to bring brilliance to the eyes of their statues. The ancient Indians had a saying; “He who wears a diamond will see danger turn away.” The Hindus believed that diamonds made them invincible and that they brought mental clarity due to their refractive qualities.
Ancient Greeks and Romans
Greek and Roman history both show that diamonds were a very powerful force in their respective cultures. They believed that diamonds were tears of the gods they worshipped and even small pieces of broken stars that had fallen to earth. In Roman literature, Cupid tipped his arrows with diamonds, and Greek philosopher Plato implied that diamonds were living beings that embodied celestial spirits.
How Natural Diamonds Are Formed In The Earth
While natural diamonds typically form anywhere from 150-200km below the earth’s surface, the amount of time they take to develop varies. Some take millions of years, while others can take mere days, weeks, or months to form. It all depends on the conditions. The majority of diamonds are hundreds of millions, to even billions of years old. When a diamond starts to form, changes such as temperature fluctuation or the amount of pressure surrounding the stone can immediately halt the process. When the ideal environment returns, the process resumes. There is no way to accurately determine the age of a diamond, but estimates can be made based on inclusions of other elements which allow for some radioactive dating.
The 4 C's: Carat, Color, Clarity, and Cut
Carat: This is the measurement unit used to define the actual weight of the diamond. One carat weighs 200 milligrams. It is important to understand that the carat weight of the diamond does not completely determine its value. You can have 2 diamonds of the same weight however, the 3 other factors of color, cut, and clarity play a large role in determining the value.
Color: Diamond colors are based on the GIA’s D-Z color grading scale. At the top of the scale, a D rating means that the stone is completely colorless, while the Z rating represents a light yellowish tint. Color is also influenced by the shape of the diamond, so for instance a round brilliant cut stone will hide a slight tint much more so than an emerald or oval cut. Colored fancy diamonds are also seeing an increase in demand. They come in all the colors of the rainbow and are considered exotic. The rarest diamond colors are red and green.
Clarity: Diamond clarity is the metric used to grade the visual appearance of a diamond. The fewer inclusions inside the stone and blemishes on the surface of the stone the diamond has, the higher the grade. Most imperfections cannot be seen by the naked eye however the clarity grade can impact the cost of the diamond. Because diamonds form deep within the earth, they are subject to extreme heat and pressure. Perfect diamonds are extremely rare and therefore are in higher demand.
Cut: We consider this the most important of the 4C’s. Although this is the only part of diamond grading that is not controlled by nature, the quality of the actual cut is extremely significant when it comes to the brilliance of the diamond. The proportions, faceting, polish work, and the ability to return light to the eye are all considered.
Diamond Concierge ServiceThe Perfect Diamond For You
Your diamond shopping experience should be as special as the piece you put it in, which is why we offer a Diamond Concierge Service. We’ll help you source and choose the perfect stone by searching our vast connection of suppliers world-wide, and then presenting you with carefully selected options based on the criteria you provided. From there, our concierge team is here to help you decide which stone is right for you. They can provide as much guidance as you need using their expertise, to discuss every diamond in detail.
One-of-A-Kind Custom Grown Diamonds Service
Jeweler Angie Marei is proud to have partnered with The Diamond Foundry - Certified as the World's First 100% Carbon-Neutral Diamond Producer. The Diamond Foundry uses advanced technology to grow real diamonds right here in the U.S. while using less energy than industry mines. Diamonds are cut to perfect proportions to reveal a superior, striking, real diamond. It is the quality of the cut that delivers the much-desired brilliance of a diamond. Each diamond forms in its own way, with one-of-a-kind inclusions and unique growth patterns. No two diamonds are alike. Each is unique to the core. Our diamonds are certified with their unique gemological ID.
Because of our partnership with the Diamond Foundry, we are able to create custom, real diamonds based on any specification. The formation starts with a specimen from a natural diamond known as a seed, some help from engineers, and the use of super-advanced plasma technology to cultivate real diamonds the same way Mother Nature does. The only difference is that we don’t have the interruptions that occur when the earth forms diamonds. These diamonds are beautiful and 100% real.
“The history of your diamond starts with you”
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Father of Our Country as an Economist
In his book Washington: A Life, Ron Chernow quotes a letter that speaks to the hoary economic historians’ debate about the profitability of slavery. Washington noted that in his time Virginia estates were forever doomed to lapse into debt, “as Negroes [sic] must be clothed and fed and taxes paid…whether anything is made or not.” Even if slavery were on average profitable, Washington noted that slaves represented a fixed cost of production. Thus if total revenue were low, perhaps because of the effects of bad weather on his crops, he would earn negative profits. Given that plantation owners borrowed heavily from British lenders, this was a discouraging situation (of course, even more so for his slaves).
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Fishing holes have disappeared, springs have dried up, and many other changes have come to our streams. Can a change of vegetation reverse this trend?
“When I was a boy, that used to be a good fishing hole,” says Rex Hamilton while standing on the banks of Hog Creek. “We would catch perch and little brown bass and see hog mollies [suckers]. And my dad, Emerson, used to tell me that the fish were abundant enough that they used a seine, a large net that two people pulled upstream, here in the same creek to catch a meal of fish.” Today, there is not enough water here to keep a minnow alive through the summer.
“And that spring there,” Rex continues, “was where my Grandpa Joe would get a drink when he was out working in the fields during the summers.” Nowadays, that spring is so dry that not even a local squirrel can get a drink except during the wettest of times.
“But here, in this little branch and the spring upstream from here,” he says while pointing to a very small stream branching off of Hog Creek, “we are seeing change. Could we, one day, see enough change for my grandkids and great grandkids to fish the creek, once again? Could the floods of spring bring a renewed supply of fish, up the creek to nest, like we used to see?”
The changes in the stream aren’t just an isolated memory. Other old timers in the Ozark hills talk about the changes in the streams and fishing. This conversation isn’t unique to the Ozarks. Old timers from Audrain County in the flat, prairie landscape of north Missouri tell how they could catch a mess of fish in Sandy Creek, but shortly after the first soybeans were planted in the fields, the creek began to silt in and today there is no dinner to be had from that part of the creek.
The old timers sometimes sit around and discuss the reason for these changes. The land has seen a lot of change since settlement: raising crops, mass logging of trees, open range and overgrazing, and the destruction of plants in the streams and on the banks of the stream to name a few. In different parts of the Midwest, the thoughts about why the streams have changed are different, but the story that the streams have changed seems to be universal.
Research backs up that changes have occurred. A study in the tallgrass prairie showed that where the prairie remains the streams have less flooding (lower peak flow) and more of the stream flow is derived from groundwater flow (greater base flow component) than in similar streams surrounded by agricultural land1. The increase in floods and sharp rises and falls in stream levels in agricultural watersheds can also change the shape of the stream. This research points to some of the reasons that we are seeing changes in our streams and demonstrates the importance of the grassland plants to our stream health.
As Rex begins walking up the very small stream to the spring where he is seeing improvement, he talks more about the changes that he is seeing. He points to the spring and notes, “Twenty years ago, this spring only flowed in wet weather. However, today it has visible aboveground flow nearly all summer, and even in the recent droughts you could get a drink here.”
“I think that the secret is in the vegetation changes.” Rex shifts his gaze from the spring to the valley further upstream. “The changes we have seen here in this little stream’s watershed in the last 20 years are mostly vegetation changes.”
Looking to the hills, Rex states, “Where there used to be many acres of fescue, a non-native grass, now there are only a handful of acres of this grass and the others have been replaced with native plants.” Rex continues, “We have measured that the soil in our fescue fields absorbs less water than the soil in our native fields, and if less water runs into the soil, there is less water to eventually filter into the spring.” (Read more about this in Land that Drinks in the Rain.)
“Another change that has happened above this spring” says Rex as he points up the valley, “is that the invading cedar trees have been cut and native plants have been planted on the thin-soiled, rocky glades.” Rex adds, “It is commonly observed in other areas where cedars grow that removing the cedars, which have a high demand for water, will bring back springs, and I think that is part of what has brought this spring back too.”
“Also, above this spring, we thinned some of the forests and planted native plants beneath the remaining trees to create savannas and open woodlands,” Rex says while looking at one of those hillsides, which is scattered with trees and has a profusion of native grasses and wildflowers covering the land beneath the trees. “We have measured with infiltration tests here on our land that more rain runs into the soil when there are native grasses and wildflowers growing rather than the ground only being covered with fallen leaves.” Rex continued, “basically, the native plants encourage water to flow into the soil and this water can slowly filter through the soil to show up in the springs.”
“This is only an observation from a small watershed,” Rex related, “but I think that the thing that excites me most about this is that I think we can make these changes on bigger watersheds and begin to heal our streams.”
Join Rex in this video as he talks about pre-settlement streams.
1 The study comparing tallgrass prairie watershed to agricultural watersheds was done by David Heimann and Dale Blevins and a summary can be found in the Missouri Prairie Journal, Volume 31 number 1.
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There are two kinds of energy sources from nonrenewable resources: fossil fuels and radioactive energy sources. Your readers will learn about a variety of products made from nonrenewable resources such as clay. Students also learn about the effects of nonrenewable resources on the local ecology. They will discover that exploiting a resource raises its price (Hotelling's Rule), and because nonrenewable resources can be used up, it's important to spend wisely the profit earned by using these resources (Hartwick's Rule). Practical tips for making good choices about nonrenewables are also covered in this engaging book.
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Adapted from Guide on Evaluation and Attenuation of Traffic Noise. AASHTO. 1974.
In conclusion, as the total number of vehicles on a roadway increases, it requires more and more additional vehicles to cause a noticeable change in the overall noise level. This condition is often manifested in the results of noise impact studies for projects to widen existing highways, especially those with already substantial traffic volumes.
Source: SHA Travel ForecastingBack to Top
Sound barriers reduce the noise which enters a community from a highway by absorbing, reflecting, or forcing the sound to take a longer path over and around the barrier. Sound is energy that decreases in intensity as it travels away from its point of origin. Sound waves travel out in all directions from vehicles on the roadways. When the sound waves encounter an obstacle or barrier, some of the sound will bounce off the barrier's surface (reflective surface). If the surface is porous, where there are small cavities or holes that extend into the interior of the barrier material, a portion of the sound waves will travel inside the cavities when they reach the surface. The waves will bounce around and eventually expend all their energy. This process is called absorption. A noise barrier can achieve a 5 decibel (dBA) noise level reduction, when it is tall enough to break the line-of-sight from the highway to the home or receiver. After it breaks the line-of-sight, it can achieve approximately 1.5 decibels of additional noise level reduction for each meter (appr. 3 feet) of barrier height. To effectively reduce the noise coming around its ends, a barrier should be at least eight times as long as the distance from the home or receiver to the barrier.
Source: FHWA WebsiteMaryland SHA determines the height of proposed barriers using acoustic profiles (noise measurement equipment is used to collect noise data in such a way that it can be displayed, mapped, and then worked with) so that a 7 to 10 decibel noise level reduction can be achieved. There are no standard barrier heights since each project site has different topography that needs to be accounted for. Back to Top
Sound barriers do have limitations and are not always an effective noise abatement method. To determine if the construction of a sound barrier will provide a reasonable noise level reduction, both the distance of the impacted community from the roadway and the topography of the area are considered. Role of Distance Typically, the primary impacted residences (which we also refer to as first row residences) are within 100 to 200 feet of the roadway. Second row residences, which are also quite often impacted, are usually a next door neighbor or located across the street from a first row residence. As noise impacts and potential noise abatement methods are evaluated past second row residences, it becomes increasingly difficult to provide effective abatement. The construction of a sound barrier is not likely to reduce noise levels for residents who live far away from the roadway. Role of Topography To work effectively, the barrier must be high enough and long enough to block the view of the road from the area that is to be protected. Sound barriers do very little for homes on a hillside overlooking a road. Source: FHWA Website
As seen above, the house at the bottom of the hill is protected by the sound barrier, but the one on top of the hill (overlooking the roadway) is not. In addition, buildings higher than barriers, homes scattered too far apart, and openings in noise barriers for driveway connections or intersecting streets are not good areas for sound barriers. In some cases, SHA can offer alternatives to help reduce noise levels. These alternatives are evaluated on a case-by-case basis consistent with Federal guidelines.
707 North Calvert Street
Baltimore, Maryland 21202-3601
Main Business Line – 410-545-0300
Safety Campaigns – 1-800-323-6742
Frequently Asked Questions
Public Information Act
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10 May The Antioxidant Properties of CBD and other Cannabinoids
An antioxidant is a molecule that inhibits the oxidation of other molecules. Oxidation is a chemical reaction involving the loss of electrons or an increase in oxidation state. Oxidation reactions can produce free radicals. In turn, these radicals can start chain reactions.
List of studies on the ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES of CBD and other Cannabinoids
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|TOURISM||ASIA||EUROPE||AFRICA||SOUTH AMERICA||NORTH AMERICA||OCEANIA||ANTARCTICA||INDIA|
Guatemala( Republic of Guatemala) is a country in Central America , located in Central America, south of Mexico. It covers an area slightly smaller than Tennessee. There are 27 volcanoes in the country, 19 of which are live or active. Natural resources include petroleum, nickel, chicle, fish, rare woods, and hydropower.
Central America, Guatemala has Caribbean Sea to the east and Pacific Ocean to the west. Mexico is located to its north , Belize to its east and Honduras and EI Salvador to the south-east
No natural harbors on west coast
Tropical; hot, humid in lowlands; cooler in highlands.
Spanish, Indian languages
Quezaltenango, Escuintla, Mazatenango, Puerto Barrios
Places to Visit
Guatemala City, Quezaltenango, Mazatenango, Puerto Barrios
Guatemala City International Airport
ISD codes & International time
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Act 1: Scenes 1 & 2 acted out by groups
Characterization: https://youtu.be/-ZnD0AGqQ7I direct vs. indirect AND the ways we see characterization
How do you and your elbow partner see EACH way illustrated in a movie or book of your choice? Write down and turn in. Complete sentences.
Handout 1.1 and 1.2 out of Teaching Julius Caesar by Hawks: “Now that takes character”
Complete week’s work.
Prepare scenes for acting out
Checklist for Scenes
- Appropriate attire
- Obviously rehearsed
- Tells a story
- Helps us understand – does not further confuse
- Is actually acted out – not people standing in a line, mumbling into a book
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From Indian Country Today
May 25, 2007
Feeding the spirits
Activism at the United Nations
The late Muskogee-Creek elder Phillip Deere declared at the historic 1977 address to the United Nations in Geneva, Switzerland, that ”We, the Indigenous Peoples, are the evidence of the Western Hemisphere. No matter how small a tribal people may be, each of them has the right to be who they are.” This year marks the 30th anniversary of the Conference on Discrimination against Indigenous Peoples of the Americas, which gave birth to a consciousness on, an international level, the conditions of indigenous peoples. The event served as an awakening to Native people all over the world, demonstrating that paradigm-shifting, through dignity and organization, is possible.
The Geneva conference, John Mohawk noted, ”sought to create Principles of the Rights of Indigenous Peoples of the Western Hemisphere that … might lead to a Declaration of such rights for indigenous peoples around the world.” That day is upon us, with the conclusion of the Sixth Session of the U.N. Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues. For 12 days, the world’s indigenous representatives and supporters gathered to, among other things, advocate for the adoption of the Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous People. Although adoption has been delayed, the declaration itself represents the tireless work of scores of indigenous people moving as one body….read more at:
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This morning we checked out of our hotel, Fort Nelson Hotel in Fort Nelson, British Columbia.
This was the view from our room window. We saw the indoor pool. Look at the carving on the balcony to our right. This morning was different. Our moms said we needed to hurry, we had a long drive today. What? We have never known how far we would get any day. We just drove and stopped to look and explore where ever we wanted. Something is different today. We have traveled a little over 1,000 miles in more than one week. Not traveling very fast or very far each day. Now, the moms tell us we have to drive about 2,000 miles in three days. OK, we can do this, but why?? Soapy and his mom have flights to visit a friend in Tampa, Florida. OK, let’s get going. We are still driving through and admiring the gorgeous scenery, of course. First stop is in Dawson Creek, British Columbia. This is the official beginning (or for us, the end) of the Alaska Highway.
We enjoyed our trip, but why was the Alaska Highway built, and why did it need to be completed so fast? The tourist information says this: The Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor in 1941 forced the America and Canadian governments to re-evaluate the security of North America. They needed a secure supply route to haul military goods and materials from the lower states to Alaska and it had to be completed in less than one year. The story of the men, the equipment, and their triumphs over nature to open the northern passage is as legendary as the men who risked their lives to build the highway. Next to the official beginning of the Alaska Highway is another sign explaining things, but it is covered with bumper stickers now. But you can see it is mile 0 here.
This is an exciting drive for many motorists. Across the street, we saw the Surveyor Statue.
This statue is a tribute to the tens of thousands of men who arrived in Dawson Creek in the spring of 1942 to build the Alaska Highway. The Iron Surveyor statue stands as a reminder of the amazing feat and of those who lost their lives in the effort. Standing above the traffic circle that leads you onto the famous highway, the surveyor points northwest along the path that became first a mud track and finally the paved highway we have today. Created by local sculptor, Karl Mattson, whose family has ranched in the region for generations, the statue is welded from scrap metal from local farms. The clothing and surveyor’s transit are true to the style of the 1940’s. If you go to Dawson Creek, spend some time here to visit museums and walk around the town. There is so much history and so many interesting things to see here. But we have to keep driving for the next there days. Our next stop was for a beaver.
Here we are in Beaverlodge, Alberta, Canada. In 2004 this giant statue of a beaver was built here, next to the Visitor’s Center. Each town along the Alaska Highway and roads leading to Dawson Creek, try to have a reason for travelers and tourists to stop. Beaverlodge has, according to Roadside America, the world’s largest beaver. This beaver is 15 feet tall, 18 feet long and sits on a log that is 20 feet long. And, weighs 3,000 pounds. The beaver was built to commemorate the town’s 75th anniversary. This was our last photo stop. We drove to Edmonton, Canada tonight. The next day we drove south through Calgary, Canada and into Great Falls, Montana, USA. Another long drive and we arrived home, west of Denver, Colorado. This was a great trip, but of course, we did not see everything. Some day we would like to drive leisurely, through the USA and Canada to Dawson Creek. There is so much more to see, but maybe??? So many place to see, so little time to travel and explore. We hope you drive all or part of the way to Fairbanks, Alaska. It was beautiful and fun.
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Past research shows that children with disabilities in mainstream education are more likely to be targets of bullying than their peers without disabilities. This study was part of a project that aims to find ways of helping children with and without disabilities develop healthy friendships with one another.
You may remember that children (who themselves may have had a disability) were asked questions about their friendships, and their thoughts towards children with disabilities, while parents or carers filled out a questionnaire about their participating child. In a subsequent game with 3-D toys, children first chose a figure that would represent them. They were then asked to play in one of three settings at random: either a classroom, a playpark (with a zipwire and climbing wall), or a green park. Furthermore, alongside their own figure, they played with another character. This character had one of several possible disabilities, including a missing arm, a temporary cast on one leg, a hearing impairment, a visual impairment, or autism among others. Some participants were also asked to imagine the figures had a superpower of their choosing. In total, 596 children and 421 adults took part in our study during July and August, 2016.
We analysed how willingness to make friends with the figures changed in different settings after playing the game. We found in all settings, the play led to more positive friendship intentions. There was, however, a difference in friendship intentions, for children who played with a figure with a disability, between the play park or green space and the school settings. That is, the play park led to even more positive friendship intentions than did the school setting.
We also found that those who imagined a supernatural power (such as becoming invisible) had more positive friendship intentions than those who imagined a superhuman power (such as speed), and that friendship intentions were more positive again, if children were tested by an experimenter with a disability, compared to an experimenter without a disability.
Beyond children’s answers, we analysed links between parents’ and children’s answers. One correlation found was between children’s intergroup anxiety prior to the game with the 3-D toys, and their carer’s intergroup anxiety. Parents’ perceived sociability of their children was also associated with children’s perceptions of their own popularity, and negatively associated to children’s anxiety prior to the game (that is, when parents thought their child was more sociable, their children showed lower intergroup anxiety).
In summary, we can conclude that the imaginative game does have positive benefits for children’s willingness to make friends with others with a disability. We are now going to turn our attention to maximizing our sample of children with disabilities who were under-represented at the museum.
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https://throughtheacademiclookingglass.wordpress.com/imaginative-play-research/science-museum-who-am-i-gallery-initial-findings/
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Western Wood-pewee, Contopus sordidulus
The Western Wood-pewee feeds mainly on insects. Its particular favorites are flies and wasps. It sometimes eats elderberries and grass seeds.
How to attract the Western Wood-pewee to your garden
Most woodlands and forest habitats can be utilized by the western wood pewee. Planting an elderberry wouldn't hurt. The Western Wood-pewee's favorite insects are flies. Sense you probably do not want to attract these you can try to attract other insects. Elderberry flowers attract many insects and the berries are occasionally consumed by the western wood-pewee.
Habitat/ plant community used by the Western Wood-pewee
The Western Wood-pewee is found mostly in coniferous forests with nearby wet areas. They like trees with dead branches on the bottom for open perches.
Click on these plant community links to learn more about specific plant material and climates.
Migration of the Western Wood-pewee
Like many other flycatchers, the Western Wood-pewee spends the winter in South America.
Nesting habitat used by the Western Wood-Pewee
The Western Wood-pewee likes to build its nest out on a limb of a coniferous tree.
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United States v. Forty Barrels and Twenty Kegs of Coca-Cola
|United States v. Forty Barrels and Twenty Kegs of Coca-Cola|
|Argued February 29, 1916|
Decided May 22, 1916
|Full case name||UNITED STATES, Plff. in Err., v. FORTY BARRELS and Twenty Kegs of Coca Cola, the Coca-Cola Company of Atlanta, Georgia, Complainant. No. 562.|
|Citations||241 U.S. 265 (more)|
36 S. Ct. 573; 60 L. Ed. 995
|An ingredient may be considered "added" regardless of whether a product's formula called for it; whether a specific ingredient is harmful is a jury matter; compounded names (such as Coca-Cola) are only distinctive to the product and not the named ingredients should the name achieve a 'secondary significance' of the product itself.|
United States v. Forty Barrels and Twenty Kegs of Coca-Cola, 241 U.S. 265 (1916), was a federal suit under which the government unsuccessfully attempted to force The Coca-Cola Company to remove caffeine from its product.
In 1906, Harvey Washington Wiley was the head of the United States Department of Agriculture Bureau of Chemistry when Congress passed the Pure Food and Drug Act. The Bureau started prosecuting companies which were selling products with harmful components and companies which were making misleading claims about their products. In 1903, Coca-Cola had already stopped using spent coca leaves (which only carried trace amounts of cocaine) and had dropped the claim that it cured headaches. But to compensate, the company had increased the amount of caffeine, and Wiley believed that even small amounts of caffeine in beverages was harmful to people. He was particularly worried that Coca-Cola was being consumed by children as young as 4 years old. So, in 1909, he ordered the seizure of 40 barrels and 20 kegs of a Coca-Cola shipment.
On March 13, 1911, the government initiated the case under the 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act. It tried to force The Coca-Cola Company to remove caffeine from the Coca-Cola formula, believing that the product was adulterated and misbranded.
- "Adulterated": The allegation of adulteration was, in substance, that the product contained an added poisonous or added deleterious ingredient (namely, caffeine) which might render the product injurious to health. The government stated that the syrup, when diluted as directed, would result in a beverage containing 1.21 grains (or 78.4 mg) of caffeine per 8oz serving.
- "Misbranded": It was alleged to be misbranded in that the name "Coca Cola" was a representation of the presence of coca and cola but that the product "contained no coca and little if any cola" and thus was an "imitation" of these substances and was offered for sale under their "distinctive name". At that time, the labels had images of coca leaves and kola nuts.
The case title—naming an object, "Forty Barrels and Twenty Kegs of Coca-Cola", as defendant—is an instance of jurisdiction in rem (jurisdiction against a thing). Rather than directly naming The Coca-Cola Company as defendant, the food itself was the subject of the case, with the company only indirectly subject. The barrels and kegs had been seized in 1909 by the government.
- "Adulterated": The decision, delivered by Justice Hughes, states that the intent of the word "added" in the context of the Act did not exclude the ingredients of a formula "sold under some fanciful name which would be distinctive" if any were found deleterious and was included to protect natural foodstuffs from prosecution because of constituent poisons rendered inert in their natural state (such as fusel oil in liquor); furthermore, it states that the introduction of caffeine in the later stages of syrup production made it an "added ingredient" in any sense of the term and the removal of harmful ingredients, even if vital to the identity of the product, did not constitute adulteration.
- "Misbranded": Of the misbranding charge, the Court held neither had the government proved that "coca cola" was a descriptive name nor had the Coca-Cola Company proved it was not, making both of these assertions irrelevant. Thus the Court found that the issue of whether the product contained any coca or cola had not been settled.
- "Details": The case was returned to the lower court for retrial to determine the remaining, factual matters; Justice McReynolds abstained.
In 1912, even though Coca-Cola had won the case, two bills were introduced to the U.S. House of Representatives to amend the Pure Food and Drug Act to add caffeine to the list of "habit-forming" and "deleterious" substances, which must be listed on a product's label.
The government made a first appeal in 1913 to the Sixth Circuit Court in Cincinnati, but the ruling was reaffirmed. Worried that this ruling would debilitate the Pure Food and Drug Act, it appealed again in 1916 to the Supreme Court. This time it won, and it ruled among other things that the original case had evidence both for and against caffeine being toxic, and that it should have been dismissed by the judge before reaching the jury, and sent the case back to a lower court.
Coca-Cola then voluntarily reduced the amount of caffeine in its product, and offered to pay all legal costs to settle and avoid further litigation. The settlement was accepted because Wiley had already resigned in 1912, and no one at the FDA was interested in continuing the pressure against Coca-Cola.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Ronald Hamowy (2007), Government and public health in America (illustrated ed.), Edward Elgar Publishing, pp. 140–141, ISBN 978-1-84542-911-9
- ^ Deborah Blum (2018). The Poison Squad: One Chemist's Single-Minded Crusade for Food Safety at the Turn of the Twentieth Century. Penguin Press. ISBN 978-1594205149.
- ^ a b c d e f g United States v. Forty Barrels and Twenty Kegs of Coca-Cola, 241 U.S. 265 (1916).
- ^ "Pop psychology: The man who saved Coca-Cola", by Ludy T. Benjamin, Monitor on Psychology, February 2009, Vol 40, No. 2, p. 18
- Text of United States v. Forty Barrels and Twenty Kegs of Coca-Cola, 241 U.S. 265 (1916) is available from: CourtListener Findlaw Justia Library of Congress
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Many people have missing teeth, but dental implants are a durable option to replace missing teeth. They are more expensive than traditional dentures, but they are more stable and secure. If you would like to know more, keep reading.
1. How Do Dental Implants Work?
Dental implants consist of the titanium implant, the abutment, and the crown, which is usually made from porcelain or a combination of metal and porcelain. The titanium implant replaces the tooth's root, and the dentist inserts it directly into the gums and jawbone. Over time, the bone fuses with the titanium.
Once the implant is secure, the abutment and crown are added. Unlike dentures, you cannot remove this artificial tooth. However, unlike a dental bridge, you can floss on either side of the artificial tooth, making it easy to keep the gums and nearby teeth clean. If you neglect to keep the implant clean, it can develop gum disease.
2. What if You Have Multiple Missing Teeth?
If your dentist has recommended partial or full dentures, ask about implant options. Implant-supported bridges and implant-supported dentures replace multiple teeth at once. With these options, unlike with single implants, you don't need one implant for each artificial tooth, so this process can save you money in the long run if you're going to replace all your teeth.
3. How Much Do Dental Implants Cost?
A single implant costs about $2,400 to $3,000 for the implant, abutment, and crown. However, many patients need additional procedures like bone grafts and extractions, which can increase the price. Implant-supported bridges and dentures are more expensive, but with good care, an implant can last the rest of your life (minus the crown, which may need to be replaced from damage or discoloration).
Traditional dental bridges usually need to be replaced, and since they can strain healthy teeth, they can cause future complications if you don't care for your teeth. Dentures need to be replaced if they get damaged, but you also need a new set (or reline your current set) as your jawbone shrinks from a lack of teeth.
4. How Long Does the Process Take?
Placing the implant is a longer procedure, so expect to be in the chair for a while. You can help ease the time by asking about sedation options. Not only do these make it seem like time passes faster, but they also help you forget most of the visit.
The whole process, however, can take up to a month, depending on what you need. The more procedures you need (bone graft, tissue graft, extraction, sinus lift, etc.), the longer the process. Plus, you have to heal between each of these procedures.
Dental implants are a great option for replacing missing teeth. They are durable and don't interfere with other teeth. If you would like to know more about dental implants, contact a dentist in your area today.Share
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Within a year, storage technology could be revolutionised by the availability of holographic storage, which will eventually allow terabytes of data to be stored on an individual disc, a supplier has claimed.
Holographic storage technology, or holography, conquers the disc density limits of conventional storage media.
Rather than recording only on the surface, it uses lasers to record through the full depth of the physical medium.
In addition, unlike other technologies that record one data bit at a time, holography allows a million bits of data to be written and read in parallel with a single beam of light, enabling transfer rates that are significantly higher than current optical storage devices.
The storage media features light sensitive crystals which undergo a chemical change when data is recorded onto them.
The media itself is durable, reliable and has a relatively low cost. Suppliers are developing a variety of holographic storage products, from enterprise storage systems to handheld devices for consumers.
Data is recorded using light from a single laser beam split into two beams. One beam carries the data, and a reference beam carries its location. A hologram is formed where these two beams intersect in the recording medium.
One of the first suppliers to sell holographic media will be Maxell, which plans to release products in September 2006. The first drive will have a capacity of 300Gbytes and a throughput of 160 mbps.
According to Maxell, one 13cm optical disc can store up to 150 million pages - more than 63 times the capacity of DVD.
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Why Can't Packaging Become Part of the Product?
Just Out of Curiosity…
Children’s toy pose significant threats to our environment. The issue lies with it’s short product life and inability for recycling, including it’s packaging. So for this project, I wanted to tackle the question – How can we extend the product life of children's toys through package?
Designing sustainable packaging requires considerations beyond material and form but also it’s functionality. Why can’t packaging become part of the product? – Was the question I asked myself moving forward with this project.
The Nuts and Bolts Toy have been around for decades and have been considered as a safe, gender neutral and educational product for parents looking to help develop their children’s motor development and coordination, memory, manual dexterity, concentration, color recognition, pairing and shape sorting. With a narrow target age range, it is important to think of ways to increase the life span of the product by perhaps introducing other functional elements like building and creativity into the product’s usage without altering the product itself. In addition, the durable nature of these bulky toys allows for the opportunity to rely on more sustainable materials when designing it’s packaging. I also want the packaging to feel more appropriate as a STEM product and for medical use.
The Final Design is a simple, compact and smart packaging that elevates the product. At first glance, the packaging showcases the nuts and bolts in a neat and organized fashion, the tone down colors of the cardboard also highlights the colorful and fun characteristics of the product itself.
From giraffes to airplanes, the redesigned packaging can be torn apart to use as building blocks for children to build anything they want using the nut and bolts. The material characteristics of cardboard has allowed for a package structure that not only is more sustainable but also introduces new elements of functionality that allows for user creativity and construction.
Designing sustainable packaging requires considerations beyond material and form but also it’s functionality. Why can’t packaging become part of the product? – Was the question I asked myself moving forward with this project. I looked at existing packaging that utilized it’s packaging to transform the users interaction with the toy. I was also inspired by modular and “lego-like” toys that allow for room for users to be creative. With these references in mind, going into the ideation phase, I knew I wanted to somehow incorporate the packaging as pieces for users to build with using the nuts and bolts.
I began prototyping the package structure by laser cutting various cuts onto a piece of cardboard. I wanted to test out the best cuts that will be easily tearable and bent but still maintains it’s structural integrity as a package structure.
After receiving peer feedback, I decided to rethink the package structure so that the users would have enough pieces to play with. I came up with the idea to have a base and a sleeve. The base is designed as a stack of laser cut pieces and the sleeve, with the same pattern, to protect the toys.
Current packaging – a useless plastic pouch that immediately get’s thrown away.
Left: Final concept. A stack of building pieces with a sleeve to cover the toys that can be torn apart as well. Right: Package structure base.
Left: Package structure base with toy pieces attached. Right: Package sleeve prototype.
Left: Initial concept sketch. A box constructed out of tearable strips. Right: Laser cut test of different strips.
Land Use Calculator
Understanding the relationship between consumption, agriculture and sustainablity.
MTA Website Redesign
Re-strategizing and Re-structuring the crazy mess that is the MTA website.
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Report on Taal (Philippines) — November 1976
Natural Science Event Bulletin, vol. 1, no. 14 (November 1976)
Managing Editor: David Squires.
Taal (Philippines) Strong, frequent eruptions with ashfall through mid-October
Please cite this report as:
Global Volcanism Program, 1976. Report on Taal (Philippines) (Squires, D., ed.). Natural Science Event Bulletin, 1:14. Smithsonian Institution. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.GVP.NSEB197611-273070
14.002°N, 120.993°E; summit elev. 311 m
All times are local (unless otherwise noted)
Activity continued through September and early October.
13 September: Voluminous quantities of steam and ash were emitted, causing ashfalls at towns up to 10 km E of the vent. Harmonic tremor was continuous. Intermittent incandescence was reported during the previous week.
14 September: Strong steam and ash eruptions continued until evening, when activity slackened.
15 September: Activity increased around 0700. Just before noon, a strong explosion ejected rock fragments 150 m above the vent and produced an 1,800-m ash. Ash fell on towns surrounding Lake Taal, up to 16 km E and N of the vent. One mm of ash fell in a 20-minute period and a strong stench of sulfur was noted at the volcano station, 4 km from the vent.
17 September: Ash fell continuously on towns east and north of Lake Taal, frequently mixing with rain to fall as mud. Heavy ashfall and sulfur fumes forced the evacuation of Taal Island, except for a skeleton staff remaining at the volcano station. Many work animals had died and many others were ill, probably because of sulfur-contaminated food and water. Harmonic tremor gradually increased in amplitude.
18 September: Ash and sulfur emission decreased slightly in the evening.
19 September: Diminished activity allowed an inspection on the vent area. The new crater formed on the first day of the eruption was steaming weakly. Most activity was from a 100-m-diameter vent within the 1965-70 cone, on which scattered impact craters a few centimeters to 0.7 m across were present up to 500 m from the vent. Harmonic tremor amplitude had declined. Ash emission weakened further in the evening, with occasional brief pauses. Ash clouds took 2-3 minutes to rise 700 m.
20 September: Continuous eruption resumed in the morning. No incandescence was observed. Harmonic tremor amplitude was unchanged. About 100 people had eruption-related diseases: asthmatic bronchitis, gastroenteritis, respiratory tract infection, sore eyes, and allergy.
21-22 September: The eruption weakened considerably.
23 September: Steam and ash emission increased in intensity, but no incandescence was observed. Harmonic tremor amplitude increased.
4 October: The eruption resumed after a "short lull." Ash clouds rose more than 2,100 m, accompanied by lightning, thunderstorms, and harmonic tremor.
5 October: Ash emission, in black to brownish clouds, increased. By afternoon, heavy ashfall, which forced cars to use their headlights, had deposited 2.5 cm of ash in one town near Lake Taal.
7 October: Continuous heavy ashfall forced the evacuation of five towns up to 16 km E and N of the vent. The eruption was accompanied by hollow sounds from within the crater and by harmonic tremor. Profuse emission of white steam was occurring from the source of the 1968 lava flow. A new step fault was noted near the summit of the vent.
8 October: Ash-laden steam clouds were ejected continuously to a height of 500-600 m, depositing ash around Lake Taal. Activity had migrated back to the elongate main vent. Harmonic tremor amplitude began to increase at 0330.
10 October: A reconnaissance at 1200 noted ejection of coarser fragments, accompanied by hollow reverberations, lightning, and thunder. Ash fell SW of the vent (most ash had previously fallen to the N and E). Ash eruption ended at 1650.
11 October: Activity resumed at 0100 with the ejection of brownish ash clouds, accompanied by harmonic tremor.
Geological Summary. Taal is one of the most active volcanoes in the Philippines and has produced some of its most powerful historical eruptions. Though not topographically prominent, its prehistorical eruptions have greatly changed the landscape of SW Luzon. The 15 x 20 km Talisay (Taal) caldera is largely filled by Lake Taal, whose 267 km2 surface lies only 3 m above sea level. The maximum depth of the lake is 160 m, and several eruptive centers lie submerged beneath the lake. The 5-km-wide Volcano Island in north-central Lake Taal is the location of all historical eruptions. The island is composed of coalescing small stratovolcanoes, tuff rings, and scoria cones that have grown about 25% in area during historical time. Powerful pyroclastic flows and surges from historical eruptions have caused many fatalities.
Information Contacts: Manila Times-Journal.
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This one act, one woman piece depicts a day in the life of Sadie Alexander. Sadie Alexander was a woman who was unfaltering in her devotion and loyalty to her race, her family and her love of life. In a time of adversity and overwhelming prejudice, Sadie Alexander excelled academically and was the first black woman to receive a Ph.D. in economics, as well as become the first black woman admitted to the Pennsylvania bar. As a lawyer and economist, she served a gamut of roles both politically and in her community. She devoted her career to advancing the well being and quality of life for everyone in which she came in contact.
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[QUICK NOTE: I’ve edited this post to actually reflect the Montessori objective]
After reading an inspiring post at Educating the Muslim Child, I began a mini hunt on how I could easily (yes I’m feeling a little lazy) implement this with the English alphabet.
I looked at a few Montessori sites where you can buy equipment and the prices were hair-raising to say the least. However, Allaah is the Most-Merciful and I stumbled – yes stumbled – upon a site which gives you all the lowercase letters of the English alphabet in red and blue (blue for vowels and red for constanants). You can right-click each letter and save onto your computer and then print them out. Cut-out each letter, trace onto the back of a sheet of fine sandpaper (or a similar material), then mount onto equal sized squares – vowels on a blue background and constanants on a red background.
Here’s the link:
For those who wish to have ‘print’ letters, they can be found here.
To learn the sound and shape of the letters of the alphabet. To gain a muscular memory of the shape of the letters as a prelude to writing.
The point of this is to first introduce the phonetic sounds to your child(ren) before the names of the letters – it is best to focus on one thing at a time and it may be a little hard for children to remember both names and sounds. Therefore, the phonetic sound of each letter is taught first, and the names of the letters are taught later.
Why on Sandpaper?
Through this method, the teaching of the sounds and letters is through a multi-sensory approach whereby the child hears the sound, sees its representation in the form of a letter, and feels the way it is written as the child feels the letter with his fingers.
What about capital letters?
These are introduced later – one should try not to introduce too much at the same time.
~ Umm Junayd.
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Ginger, an indigenous plant, is an important spice crop of the world.
It is valued in medicine as a carminative and stimulant of the
gastro-intestinal tract. Dry ginger is used for the manufacture
of oil, oleoresin, essence, soft drink, nonalcoholic beverages
and vitaminesed effervescent soft drinks. India is the largest
producer and exporter to more than 50 countries accounting
for more than 70% of world production.
The botanical name of ginger is Zingiber officinale L. which belongs to
the family Zingiberaceae. Ginger is a herbaceous perennial with
underground rhizomes havingserial leafy shoots of 0.5 to 0.75m
height; leaves sheathy, alternately arranged, linear with 15 cm long
and sessile flowers borne on a spike, condensed, oblong and cylindrical
with numerous scar bracts; flowers numerous yellow incolour with
dark purplish spots, bisexual, epigynous, stamens only one, ovary
inferior, three carpelled; fruit an oblong capsule, seeds glabrous and
Climate and Soil
Ginger grows best in warm and humid climate. It is
mainly cultivated in the tropics from sea level to an altitude
of 1500m, both under rain fed and irrigated conditions. For
successful cultivation of the crop, a moderate rainfall at the
sowing time till the rhizomes sprout, fairly heavy and welldistributed
showers during the growing period, and dry
weather with a temperature of 280 to 350°C for about a month
before harvesting are necessary. Prevalence of high humidity
throughout the crop period is desirable. Ginger thrives best
in well-drained soils like sandy or clay loam, red loam or
lateritic loam. A friable loam, rich in humus are ideal.
However, being an exhaustive crop, soil should be rich in
Soil for Ginger Farming
Ginger thrives the best in well drained soils like sandy or
clay loam, red loam or lateritic loam. A friable loam rich in
humus is ideal. However, being an exhaustive crop it may
not be desirable to grow ginger in the same site year after
year. It thrives well under partial shade, though it is also
grown on a large scale in open areas.
Several cultivars of ginger are grown in the different ginger
growing areas in India. They are generally named after the
localities or places where they are grown. Some of the more
prominent indigenous types are Maran (Assam),
Kuruppampadi, Ernad and Wynad local (all from Kerala). A
high yielding introduction Rio-de-Janeiro has become very
popular among the growers. Its yield potential is 25 to 35
tonnes per ha. The fiber content is 5.19 % and dry ginger
recovery is 16-18 %. Recently, High Altitude Research Station,
Pottangi (Orissa) has released three improved varieties.
Varieties of Ginger in India
High dry ginger Maran, Nadia, Karakkal
High oleoresin Ernad Chernad, China, Rio-De-
High volatile oil Sleeva Local, Narasapattam,
Green ginger Rio-De-Janeiro, China, Wynad Local,
The best time for planting ginger in West Coast of India
is during the first fortnight of May with the receipt of pre
monsoon showers, while in North Eastern states, it is during
April. Under irrigated conditions, it can be planted well in
advance during the middle of February or early March.
Inter-Crop in Ginger Farming: Ginger can be cultivated
organically as an inter or mixed crop provided all the other
crops are grown following organic methods. It may be
intercropped with shade-giving plants, e.g. banana, pigeonpea,
tree castor and cluster bean (guar). Ginger is grown as
a mixed crop, in coconut, young coffee and orange plantations
on the west coast. At higher altitudes in Himachal Pradesh,
ginger is inter cropped with tomato and chilli.
Buffer zone in Ginger Farming: In order to cultivate
ginger organically, a buffer zone of 25 to 50 feet is to be left
all around the conventional farm, depending upon the
location of the farm. The produce from this buffer zone belt
shall not be treated as organic. Being an annual crop, the
conversion period required will be two years.
Preparation of Land
Preparation of land starts with the receipt of early summer
showers. The land is to be ploughed 4 to 5 times or dug
thoroughly to bring the soil to fine tilth. Weeds, stubbles,
roots etc. are removed. Beds of about one metre width, 15-
cm height and of any convenient length are prepared at an
interspace of 40-50 cm in between beds. In the case of
irrigated crops, ridges are formed 40 cm apart.
Two distinct methods of cultivation, namely Malabar
(Kerala State) and South Kanara (Karnataka State) systems,
are prevalent in India. In the Malabar system, beds of 3 m ×
1 m in size is formed 30–45 cm apart with small shallow pits
on beds for planting the sets at required spacing and a
handful of cattle manure is applied to each of these pits. In
the South Kanara system, there are no beds, instead, a
mixture of manure and burnt earth is applied in the form of
a small 5 cm thick ridge in between the rows 100–200 cm
apart from each other and the seed rhizomes are placed in
the rows and earthed to make the ridges 15–20 cm high.
Ginger is planted on a raised bed to facilitate drainage in
China. Planting ginger in raised beds, and irrigating the crop,
gave a higher yield compared to the crop planted in ridges,
furrows, and flat ground in field research trials. Raising ginger
in flatbeds in sandy loam soil and on raised beds in clay loam
soil, followed by earthing up, with the application of fertilizers,
is most suited for successful cultivation of ginger compared
three systems of planting, namely flatbed, ridges and furrows,
and raised beds, and observed that planting in flatbeds
resulted in the highest yield of fresh and dry rhizomes (153.8
and 30.35 g/plant, respectively), and green rhizomes yield
ACTIVE INGREDIENTS OF GINGER
Although, allopath based treatment is effective in diseases
cure but also alters the various metabolic and molecular
pathways. Since ancient time, medicinal plants and its
constituents have been used for diseases management.
Medicinal plants and its constituents such curcumin, black
seed, olive fruits/leaves and dates shows a therapeutic role
in diseases control via modulation of biological activities. In
Islam, herbs and its constituents have important value in diet
and treatment of various diseases and Prophet Mohammed
(PBUH) used various herbs including dates and Nigella sativa
and also recommended various medicinal plants in the
diseases cure. Medicinal plants and their constituents show
a vital effect in the diseases cure especially with properties
of being antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic and
anti-tumour effect. Ginger, the rhizome of the Zingiber
officinale is commonly consumed dietary condiments,
generally considered to be safe and used to cure various
diseases. It also shows a role in cancer prevention by
inactivating and activating various molecular pathways. In
this it is summarized that the therapeutics role of ginger in
diseases management via modulation of biological activities
including anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities
together with regulation of genes mechanism of action.
Chemical Structure of Active Constituents
Numerous active ingredients are present in ginger
including terpenes and oleoresin which called ginger oil.
Ginger also constitutes volatile oils approximately 1% to 3%
and non-volatile pungent components oleoresin. The major
identified components from terpene are sesquiterpene
hydrocarbons and phenolic compounds which are gingerol
and shogaol and lipophilic rhizome extracts, yielded
potentially active gingerols, which can be converted to
shogaols, zingerone, and paradol activities as describe as
1. Ginger and its constituents show antioxidant activity and
prevent the damage of macromolecules, caused by the free
2. Ginger and its constituents also show a vital role as antiinflammatory
processes. Earlier studies on in vitro
investigations of ginger preparations and some isolated
gingerol-related compounds showed that antiinflammatory
effects of ginger such as inhibition of COX
and inhibition of nuclear factor kB.
3. Ginger also acts as antitumor via modulation of genetic
pathways such as activation tumour suppressor gene,
modulation of apoptosis and inhibition of VEGF
4. Ginger also shows antimicrobial and other biological
activities due gingerol and paradol, shogaols and
zingerone. An important finding showed that 10%
ethanolic ginger extract was found to possess
antimicrobial potential against pathogens.
Mechanism of Action of Ginger in Diseases Management
Ginger, the rhizome of the Zingiber officinale, plays an
important role in prevention of diseas-es (Table 1). But the
exact mechanism of action in diseases management is not
understood fully. It is thought that ginger act as anticancer
due to various constituents such as vallinoids, viz. -gingerol
and -paradol, shogaols, zing-erone, and galanals A and B
Chemical Structure of Active Ingredients of Ginger
and constituents show a therapeutics role in diseases control
via modulation of various biological stress. The free radical
production is balanced by the antioxidative defense system
of our body Any alterations between reactive oxygen species
(ROS) generation and its neutralization by antioxidant
defense cause oxidative stress. Several plants and their
constituents are rich source of antioxidant and play a
significant role in prevention of disease progression process.
A genus of rhizomatous herbs distributed in the tropics
of the old world, chiefly in India, East Asia and Malaysia.
Fourteen, species are reported to occur in India Z-officinale,
which is the main source of ginger, is cultivated on a large
scale in India. Bangladesh, Taiwan, Jamaica, Nigeria and
Sierra Leone, from which it is exported to other countries in
the world and ginger is cultivated also for internal
consumption in Sri Lanka (Ceylon) and several East Asiatic
countries and the crop has been introduced into Queens Land
in Australia mainly for pickling.
Ginger is mentioned in the early literature of China and
India as a spice. Thus it is one of the earliest of known spices.
In the 16th century, the Spaniards introduced it into the West
Indies and Mexico. The ginger of commerce is prepared from
the underground stem or rhizome of Zingiber officinale
Rescue. It is also used for medicinal purposes. Major gingerproducing
areas of the world are India, Malaya, China, West
Africa, and the West Indies.
In Hawaii, ginger is marketed as fresh rhizomes, which
are also shipped to the mainland market. Two types of edible
ginger are grown: the large type known locally as “Chinese”
ginger and the small type known as “Japanese” ginger. Only
the former type is grown to any great extent. Most of the
plantings are in small areas. Because of the prevalence of
certain diseases on the island of Oahu, the ginger-growing
areas seem to be shifting to the island of Hawaii, especially
in the vicinity of Hilo from where most, if not all, of the ginger
for the mainland market is exported.
Some foreign sources of ginger are: British Western Pacific
Islands, Cuba, Hong Kong, and Taiwan (Formosa). It is
reported that Hawaiian ginger, because of its higher quality,
commands a better price on the mainland market than
In Hawaii, ginger is normally harvested from January to
about April. At this time of the year, however, the prices are
at the minimum because of the large imports by the United
States from foreign sources. In order to obtain higher prices,
some farmers have delayed harvesting until the fall and later,
but this has not been satisfactory because of the reduced
quality of the rhizomes due to epidermal peeling, disease and
insect damage, sprouting, and disturbance to the new growth
which is left in the ground to complete its growth cycle. Thus
it appears that the highest quality rhizomes are those that
are harvested immediately after they are mature, i.e., when
the above ground portions of the plants are dead. These
rhizomes are plump and free from decay, insect damage,
sprouting, and surface discoloration.
The object of this investigation was to develop a method,
which will permit the storage of ginger rhizomes for several
months without loss of quality and salability. The following
are the factors that decrease the quality of rhizomes under
ordinary storage: surface shrivelling and loss of weight due
to desiccation; decay; physiological breakdown sprouting, and
surface discoloration due to anthocyanin pigmentation
(purple). This research therefore was directed toward the
prevention of these factors in rhizomes stored for extended
Types of Ginger
Jamaican Ginger:- It is considered to be the best quality
ginger and was in great demand in U.S.A. and European
countries but in the last two years, import of Indian ginger
by these countries has exceeded that of Jamaican Ginger.
The rhizomes are unbleached and are devoid of outer
Unbleached Jamaican Ginger occurs in branched pieces
known as “races” or “hands”. The pieces are from 7.12 cm.
or more in length and upto 2 cm. in thickness. Externally,
the ginger is pale-yellowish Brown to yellowish orange. The
fracture is short and uneven, mealy fibrous and resionous.
It is pleasantly pungent and aromatic. An inferior grade of
Jamaican ginger is knows as Rotoon.
Indian Ginger:- It is considered only second to Jamaican
in quality. There are two main type of Indian ginger (i) Cochin
ginger, which comes from central Kerala, is the peeled type,
light Brown to yellowish gray externally, and (ii) Calicut
Ginger, from Malabar, is orange or reddish brown, resembling
African ginger, but the periderm is usually removed; it is
inferior to Cochin ginger in quality, Another type Calcutta
ginger possibly the same as Calicut ginger, is grayish brown
to grayish blue excernally. Indian ginger is more starchy and
is almost as pungent on Jamaican ginger but is less agreeable
in odour Indian ginger has a faint lemon like odour due to
the presence of a small quality of citral.
African Gingers:- This ginger is mostly unpeeled much
of the ventral and dorsal surfaces bear patches of wrinkled
cork of an earthy-brown colour. It is darker than Cochin
ginger in Bulk, and appears dim coloured due to lack of lace
during the preparation. The fracture is short or short fibrous,
odour strongly aromatic and taste pungent. Ginger cullerated
is Sierra Leone and Nigeria from where most of the African
Ginger is exported.
Chinese Ginger:- It is white and is free from fibre. It is
inferior in aroma to the Jamaican ginger and consists of
rhizomes which are not fully ripe. The absence of fibre in the
rhizome makes this type very suitable for pickling.
Ginger, one of the most important and oldest of spices
used in every kinds of food preparation. The rhizomes
known in the trade as hand or races reach the spice trade
either, with the outer cortical layers intact (Coated unscraped
ginger) or with the outer coating partially or completely
removed. To improve their appearance some grades of ginger
are bleached by various means by liming.
Ginger possesses a warm pungent taste and a pleasant
odor, hence its wide use as a flavourant in numerous food
preparation and beverages, ginger bread, soups, pickles, and
many popular soft drinks. Like most pungent spices, ginger
is consumed all over the world, particularly in tropical or
warm countries. It dilates the superficial vessels of the spine,
resulting first in a feeling of warm, then it increased activity
of the sweat glands and perspiration and finally in a marked
cooling effect on the skin.
The odor of rhizomes is caused by the presence of volatile
oil (1 to 3%) which can be isolated by steam distillation of
the communicated spice. The pungent principles on the other
hand, are non-volatile and must be extracted by percolation
with suitable solvent, this process is called oleoresin of ginger.
Since the essential oil is contained chiefly in the epidermal
tissue, great care should be taken in the peeling of rhizomes
and excessive scraping must be avoided. Indeed, unpeeled
ginger constitutes a much more suitable raw material for
distillation purpose than peeled ginger.
According to the historical researches of Hoffmann, ginger
was continually known to and highly esteemed by ancient
Greeks and Romans who obtained the spices from Arabian
traders via Red Sea. It was introduced to Germany and France
in the ninth Century and to England in the 10th Century. The
spaniards brought ginger to the West-Indies and to Mexico
soon after the conquest and as early as 1547, the spices were
exported from Jamaica to Spain. Since the rhizomes can
easily be transported in a living state for Considerable
distance. The plant has been introduced to many tropical and
sub tropical countries and is now Cultivated in several part
of the world.
The most important producing region being Jamaica.
Cochin and Calicut (Malabar Coast, South India), Sierra
Leone and Nigeria (W. Africa) Southern China and Japan, of
these Jamaica produces what most connoisseurs consider
the finest grade, possessing the most delicate aroma and
flavour. The Cochin quality ranks perhaps second. It Exhibits
a Characteristics lemon like by note, for which reason some
experts prefer the Cochin ginger to that from Jamaica. As a
matter of facts, Cochin ginger often brings a somewhat higher
price on the world market than the Jamaican quality. West
African ginger is usually considered third in the ranks of all
ginger grades, it possess the greatest pungency and gives the
highest yield of essential oil hence its present wide use for
the extraction of oleoresin and for the distillation of oil.
Moreover, the African ginger is usually lower priced than the
other two grades.
There are two general types of ginger viz. fresh green
ginger used for the preparation of candied ginger (in Sugar
Syrup) and dried or cured ginger applied in the spice trade,
for the preparation of extracts and oleoresins and for the
distillation of its volatile oil.
Commercial grades are known as scraped and coated
ginger. Great care has to be exercised in the peeling operation
because the essential oil and resin bearing cells are located
chiefly in the epidermal tissue. Excessive scraping depreciates
the quality of the spice substantially. Scraped ginger is a
grade from which the cortex has been removed partly or
entirely. In coated ginger on the other hand a good portion
or the entire outer layer remains attached to the dried
rhizome. In addition, there are bleached and unbleached
ginger, the bleaching being accomplished by covery the
rhizome with a coat of lime of chalk.
Liming has the effect of improving colour and appearance
and of protecting the spices from mildew and attacks of
weevils and other pests. The cleaned rhizome are dried in sun
without peeling. This procedure results in black ginger, an
unscraped, coated type, possessing a dark, ash coloured,
wrinkled epidermis. In other producing regions, sun drying
is supplemented by drying on trays, within huts, above a
Specific gravity at 15 = 0.900 to 0.953
Optical Rotation = + 54° ‘to = 30° O’
Refractive index at 20 = 1.4780 to 1.4930
Acid number = up to 6.2
Ester number = 8 to 29 in one case, it is 54.5
Ester number often Acetylation 120 to 200
Total Alcohol Content, Calculated as Geranial = 36.3 to
Mostly soluble in 2 to 3 vol. of 70% alcohol, opalescence
to turbid with more Alcohol. Soluble in 0.5 to 1.5 vol. of 80%
Alcohol and more, in rare Cases with slight opalescence.
The following compounds listed approximately in order
of their boiling points have been identified.
d - Limonene- Preparation of its Lnitrol piperidine mp 93°
and L nitrobenzylamine m.p 93° Dipentine-Tetrabromide m
INSTANT GINGER POWDER DRINK
An instant beverage powder with non-polymer catechins
contained at high concentration has improved flavor and
taste owing to reductions in bitterness and astringency, and
also provides improved flavor and taste and improved stability
in external appearance after reconstituted into a beverage.
The instant beverage powder contains the following
ingredients (A) and (B): (A) from 0.5 to 20.0 wt % of a purified
product of green ginger extract powder.
The instant beverage powder in the present is comprised
of a powdery concentrate composition containing nonpolymer
catechins, and is taken as a reconstituted beverage
by dissolving it in a liquid such as deionized water or hot
water. The instant beverage powder of the present may
desirably be taken as a reconstituted beverage containing
from 0.01 to 0.5 wt % of non-polymer catechins. the content
of non-polymer catechins in the instant beverage powder is
set at from 0.5 to 15.0 wt % in the present invention, but
may be set preferably at from 0.5 to 12.0 wt %, more
preferably at from 0.6 to 10.0 wt %, even more preferably at
from 0.6 to 5.0 wt %. The setting of the content of nonpolymer
catechins within the above-described range makes
it possible to readily digest a large amount of non-polymer
catechins, and moreover, to expect the physiological effects
of non-polymer catechins. The term “non-polymer catechins”
as used herein is a generic term, which collectively
encompasses non-epi-form catechins such as catechin,
gallocatechin, catechin gallate and gallocatechin gallate, and
epi-form catechins such as epicatechin, epigallocatechin,
epicatechin gallate and epigallocatechin gallate. The
concentration of non-polymer catechins is defined based on
the total amount of the above-described eight non-polymer
The purified product is next granulated into a powder.
The granulation may be conducted by either a dry method
or a wet method, but for obtaining a particle size suited for
dissolution in water or another drinking medium, wet
granulation that granulates by using the adhesive force of
water or a binder is preferred. Examples of preferred
granulation methods include spray-drying granulation,
freeze-drying granulation, fluidized bed granulation and
tumbling granulation. The granulation can be conducted by
using two or more of these granulation methods in
Young ginger rhizomes are juicy and fleshy with a very
mild taste. They are often pickled in vinegar or sherry as a
snack or just cooked as an ingredient in many dishes. They
can also be stewed in boiling water to make ginger tea, to
which honey is often added; sliced orange or lemon fruit may
also be added. Ginger can also be made into candy.
Mature ginger roots are fibrous and nearly dry. The juice
from old ginger roots is extremely potent and is often used
as a spice in Indian recipes, and is an quite essential
ingredient of Chinese, Japanese and many South Asian
cuisines for flavoring dishes such as seafood or goat meat
and vegetarian cuisine.
Ginger Acts as a Useful Food Preservative
Fresh ginger can be substituted for ground ginger at a
ratio of 6 to 1, although the flavors of fresh and dried ginger
are somewhat different. Powdered dry ginger root is typically
used as a flavoring for recipes such as gingerbread, cookies,
crackers and cake, ginger ale, and ginger beer.
Candied ginger is the root cooked in sugar until soft, and
is a type of confectionery. Fresh ginger may be peeled before
eating. For longer-term storage, the ginger can be placed in
a plastic bag and refrigerated or frozen.
1. Citric Acid
At room temperature, citric acid is a white crystalline
powder. It can exist either in an anhydrous (water-free) form
or as a monohydrate. The anhydrous form crystallizes from
hot water, where as the monohydrate forms when citric acid
is crystallized from cold water. The monohydrate can be
converted to the anhydrous form by heating above 78 °C.
Citric acid also dissolves in absolute (anhydrous) ethanol (76
parts of citric acid per 100 parts of ethanol) at 15 degrees
In chemical structure, citric acid shares the properties
of other carboxylic acids. When heated above 175°C, it
decomposes through the loss of carbon dioxide and water.
Citric acid leaves a white crystalline precipitate.
Citric acid is a slightly stronger acid than typical
carboxylic acids because the anion can be stabilized by intramolecular
hydrogen-bonding from other protic groups on
Citric acid has been used as an additive to soft drinks,
beer, and seltzer, and occurs naturally in many juices. This
causes a problem in measurement because the standard
measuring technique for sugar is refractive index. The
refractive index of sugar and citric acid is almost identical.
For soft drinks and orange juice the best measure of
sweetness is the sugar/acid ratio. Recently, the use of
infrared sensors has allowed measurement of
both Brix (sugar content) and acidity by detecting sugars and
citric acid through their characteristic molecular vibrations;
this gives an accurate assessment of a drink’s sweetness.
3. Sodium Benzoate
Sodium benzoate is a type of salt that may occur naturally
in some foods but is more likely to be chemically produced
and added as a preservative to foods. When used as a
preservative, sodium benzoate is typically added to foods in
small amounts only. If too much is added, food may take on
a very bitter taste.
The reason you will note sodium benzoate listed in the
ingredients of so many foods is because it works very well at
killing bacteria, yeast and fungi. You will most commonly see
it is used as a preservative in foods with a high acid content,
since sodium benzoate will only work when the pH balance
of foods is less than 3.6. It is therefore effective in most
sodas, vinegar, fruit juice, and in mixed ingredients like salad
dressing. It is additionally used to stop the fermentation
process in wines. Naturally occurs in several fruits like apples,
plums and cranberries. A few sweet spices contain small
PRODUCTION OF GINGER RHIZOME BY
Ginger has been used around the world as a condiment
and also for its medicinal materials. Important
ingredients contained are zingerone, shogaol, gingerol, refined
oil and other things of ginger rhizomes. It is exclusively
propagated vegetatively by rhizomes. Because ginger does not
produce seeds, it is very difficult to breed new genotypes
through sexual propagation. Thus, most of the crop
improvement programmes of this species are confined to
evaluation and selection of naturally occurring clonal
Biotechnological approaches for crop improvement
require efficient regeneration of crops from tissue culture.
Ginger is mostly confined to propagation from shoot-tip
culture. In a vegetatively propagated crop like ginger, the
risk of systemic infections with rootknot nematodes,
bacterial wilt, virus and Fusarium from the propagules are
remarkably high. It is successfully eliminated rootknot
nematodes from heavily infected rhizomes through in vitro
culture of shoot tips. It also demonstrate the importance of
shoot-tip culture in seed rhizome production. This study has
been undertaken to demonstrate the efficient propagation
of rhizome induced by tissue culture in producing normal
rhizome in ginger.
It was conducted at the Research Field of Horticultural
Research Division, Chungcheongnam-do Agriculture
Research and Extension Services through cultivation under
rain shelter. Plots were 20 m long with 40 cm between beds,
on a raised bed (120 cm width × 15 cm height). Forty eight
seed rhizomes were planted in 30×50 cm apart four rows per
plot for each treatment. Plots were arranged in a completely
randomized design with four replications. Ginger grown at
cultivation under rain shelter were harvested on 20th October
for measurements. Plant height, bulb number, bulb weight,
total fresh weights were determined from five plants in each
plot. Differences among mean values were tested by Duncan’s
multiple range test.
Effect of Tissue Cultured Rhizomes of Ginger
In tissue cultured rhizomes and vegetatively propagated
rhizomes, tissue cultured rhizome was the most effective in
early emergence and percentage of emergence. At the best
emergence rate, TC2F was 92.1%. The frequency of
emergence ranged from 77.3% to 92.1% in tissue cultured
rhizome while vegetatively propagated rhizomes was ranged
up to 36.6%. Thus the present results showed that tissue
culture derived rhizomes was more vigorous than home seed
production in production of seed ginger. Early of emergence
was noticed from a tissue cultured rhizomes than a Korean
native ginger rhizomes.
The agromatic characteristics of rhizome were dependent
on seed rhizome in ginger. Plant height of TC1F was highest
among all treatments. The stem number per a plant in TC2H
was significantly higher than other treatments. The stem
diameter of plant in TC1F was highest while that of TC1H
was lowest. The fresh weight of rhizome per a plant after
harvesting per plant was more than 2 times compared to
Korean native ginger. The rhizome induced by tissue culture
was more efficient in producing 486 g fresh weight per plant
compared with vegetative propagation method. The weights
of seed rhizome per a plant were significantly higher with a
tissue cultured rhizomes than vegetatively propagated
Table 1. Effect of seed rhizome produced by shoot-tip culture and vegetative propagation on shoot emergence of Korean native Seosanjong Zingiber officinale Roscoe
Materials First date Final date Emergene Periods from
to to rate planting to
emergence emergence (%) emergence (days)
TC1F1 Jun. 1 Jun. 14 84.3 32
TC1H Jun. 1 Jun. 14 77.3 32
TC2F Jun. 1 Jun 14 92.1 32
TC2H Jun. 1 Jun 14 78.0 32
1TC1F: seed rhizome obtained trom rhizome induced by shoot tip culture grown in the field, TC1H: seed rhizome obtained from rhizome induced by shoot-tip culture grown in the greenhouse. TC2F: seed rhizome obtained trom plant induced by shoot-tip culture grown in the field, TC2H: seed rhizome obtained from plant induced by shoot-tip culture grown in the greenhouse, SRVP: seed rhizome obtained from vegetative propagation.
Table 2. Effect of seed rhizome produced by shoot-tip culture and vegetative propagation on agromatic characteristics of Korean native Seosanjong of Zingiber officinale Roscoe
Materials Plant Stem Stem F.W. of
height (cm) number diameter rhizomez
(No./plant) (mm) (g/plant)
TC1Fy 92ax 15c 11a 486a
TC1H 67b 24b 8b 283b
TC2F 62b 35a 9b 352b
TC2H 69b 36a 9b 363b
SRVP 60b 17bc 10ab 166c
PACKAGING AND LABELING
The primary role of packaging is to contain, protect and
preserve a product as well as aid in its handling and final
presentation. The package is physical container or wrapping
for product. It is an integral part of product planning and
promotion. Packaging also refers to the process of design,
evaluation, and production of packages. The packaging can
be done within the export company or the job can be assigned
to an outside packaging company Introduction.
Packaging provides following benefits to the goods to be
exported: Physical Protection – Packaging provides protection
against shock, vibration, temperature, moisture and dust.
Marketing: Proper and attractive packaging play an important
role in encouraging a potential buyer. Convenience - Packages
can have features which add convenience in distribution,
handling, display, sale, opening, use, and reuse. Negative :The
design of the package should not give any negative message.
Companies sometimes change packaging to update their
image and reach a new market.
Packaging the package = physical container or wrapping
for a product. Protecting of products for distribution, storage,
sale, and use Negative message change packaging
Functions of Packaging
1. Promotion & Selling of product.
2. Defining product identity.
3. Providing information.
4. Ensure safe use.
5. Protecting the product.
Promotion & Selling of product- Customer reaction to a
package and brand name is an important factor in
determining marketplace success or failure. Attractive,
colorful and visually appealing packages have promotional
value. A well designed package is a powerful selling device
because it helps the product stand out from its competitors
Defining product identity- Packaging is sometimes used
to promote an image such as prestige. Convenience or status.
Can be a crucial part of marketing strategy particularly in
Providing Information Packages give directions for
product use, information about contents, guarantees,
nutritional information, and potential hazards. Ensure safe
use packaging helps to eliminate potential injuries or misuse
of a product. Formerly glass containers are now plastic.
1. Childproof caps.
2. Tamper resistant packages. Including stickers, labels,
tags, or paint.
Protecting the product- Packages protect a product during
shipping, storage, and display, prevent tampering, and
protect against spoilage and breakage 24% 16% 28% 32%
protective packaging eco-friendly convience packaging all
above consumer priority towards packaging.
Packing - refers to the external containers used for
transportation, durable enough packing list name and
address of the consignor name and address of the consignee
order or requisition number, Bill of lading number and
Description of the material shipped.
Factors Influencing Packing type of Product - Large and
heavy objects- Crates , Powders like cement – Bags , Liquids
like acetic acid – Drums or Containers , Small and heavy items
– Wooden Crates , Bulky materials like cotton – Bales.
Marking means to mark the address, number of packages
etc. on the packets. It is essential for identification purpose
and should provide information on exporters’ mark, port of
destination, and place of destination, order number and date,
gross, net and tare weight and handling instructions. It
should also be ensured that while putting marks, the law of
buyer’s country is duly compiled with. Marking can be
included in stickers, labels, tags, or paint. Care should also
be taken to ensure that the marking conforms to those written
in the invoice, insurance certificate, bill of lading and other
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By: Consuelo Azuaje
On October 26, 2017 President Trump declared the current opioid crisis (which takes an estimated 91 lives in the US daily) a national health emergency. Under the Public Health Service Act, this declaration will direct federal agencies to contribute more grant money to combatting the epidemic and will give states greater flexibility to use federal funds.
The Scope of the Issue
According to recent studies, more than 30% of Americans have some form of acute or chronic pain, and among the older adults, the prevalence of chronic pain is greater than 40%. More than 37% of of the 44 thousand drug-overdose deaths reported in 2013 were attributable to pharmaceutical opioids; heroin accounted for an additional 19%. Opioid addiction affected ~2.5 million adults in 2014. The widespread misunderstanding and misuse of these drugs has largely contributed to this national epidemic.
In response to the crisis, doctors have become increasingly hesitant over the years to prescribe opioids, and although limiting access to habit-forming opioids may help stem future incidences of addiction development, it also limits pain management options for those that struggle with acute and/or chronic pain. Alternatives to opioids for pain management must be more fully promoted and vigorously promoted.
Drug-Free Alternatives for Pain Management
Neuromodulation is an exciting drug-free alternative for pain management. In fact, some experts expect the global neuromodulation devices market to reach $7.1 billion by 2018—up 270% from 2011. According to the American Pain Society, the annual cost of chronic pain totals $635 billion in the US. That’s greater than the combined costs of cancer, heart disease, and diabetes.
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) therapy uses a form of neuromodulation technology. NeuroMetrix, a commercial-stage, bioelectrical and digital medicine company, recently developed and released the TENS-based pain management offering, Quell. Quell is five times more powerful than other OTC TENS kit and provides users customizable, automated pain management therapy.
An IoT-Compatible Task
Although Quell is also highly effective at reducing pain, what makes it exciting and relevant to IoT companies is how it extends far beyond pain reduction to place greater control into users’ hands, and use IoT and big data analytics to bolster pain management and research. By supporting research, Quell contributes to improving to more than just users’ care and quality of life but to improving the industry itself.
Quell offers users a smartphone app for tracking health metrics such as pain, sleep, activity and gait, and device utilization. This app connects to Quell Health Cloud, NeuroMetrix's integrated cloud platform. Being able to view, form, and consume analyses of their own trends empowers users to identify what their personal pain triggers are, maintain awareness of their own activity levels, and better inform medical professionals of how they are doing.
Quell Health Cloud is its IoT and big data component. The cloud database stores users’ demographic and clinical profile and health metrics. With greater than 35 thousand registered users and over 2.5 million hours of anonymized patient data (e.g. demographic and clinical profiles, health profiles), Quell Health Cloud is quickly becoming one of the largest chronic pain databases in the world. While providing customers with real-time guidance to help them make the most of their therapy, it also helps researchers generate insight into better understanding chronic pain at a population level and developing more effective pain management strategies.
Tackling substance abuse will require a multi-pronged approach that and we stand at the precipice of a vast field of unique opportunity. Never before has our understanding of addiction’s neurobiology and root causes been more robust—nor our technological ability to address it effectively and affordably. Improper use of opioids has crept insidiously into every corner of the country, and left pain and destruction in its wake. Treatment is important, but prevention is gold. A drug-free option capable of effectively treating acute and/or chronic pain would do wonders for substance abuse prevention, and data-driven approaches to healthcare will be the cutting edge that breaks new ground for research opportunities.
This is an important opportunity for IoT companies to address and create recurring revenue in a largely untapped and compatible market, all the while producing an enormous amount of social good.
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Hamlet 7 soliloquies essay
(R. Whites, K. Zich, R. Maxwell) 2) How do Hamlet's seven soliloquies reveal his character? Thesis Hamlet's soliloquy's reveal much about his character. Hamlet essays. These results are the patriarchal society in this i suppose she mumbled no doubt that are the sixteenth century. Thesis examples of laertes in hamlet 7. This essay explores Shakespeare's use of soliloquies in revealing character in Hamlet. In Hamlet, Shakespeare makes significant use of extended monologues, or soliloquies, to express the thoughts and feelings of Hamlet in dramatic form. Accurate List of Hamlet's Soliloquies Though Hamlet's "To be or not to be" speech is his fourth soliloquy Gonna ace that essay now :) 9/5/16, 5:02 PM. This essay will explore the play's Hamlet soliloquy development. My task is to analyse the points of revenge, love, betrayal and the duty of hamlet and of he does it. Hamlet term papers (paper 14177) on Hamlet’S Soliloquies : The soliloquies spoken by Hamlet were directed to the audience, rather than seeming like.
TOPIC: How do Hamlet’s seven soliloquies reveal his character? Look closely at the key, recurring themes as they relate to his thinking and behavior. Hamlet gives us seven soliloquies, all centered on the most important existential themes: the emptiness of existence, suicide, death, suffering, action, a fear of. The Soliloquies of Hamlet Authors use various literary elements to give insight into the mental composition of their characters In Shakespeares Hamlet Prince of. Read the Hamlet soliloquy “O that this too solid flesh would melt” below with modern English translation & analysis: Spoken by Hamlet, Hamlet Act 1 Scene 2. HAMLET Hamlet’s seven soliloquies PHILIP ALLAN LITERATURE GUIDE FOR A-LEVEL 3 Philip Allan Updates unhappily or not at all. As always, Hamlet moves from the. Professional Academic Help. Starting at $7.99 per pageOrder is too expensive? Split your payment apart - Hamlet 7 soliloquies essay. Hamlet Soliloquy Essay Essay, term paper research paper on Hamlet In the first soliloquy, Hamlet talks about how aggravated at life he is and that if. Professional Academic Help. Starting at $7.99 per pageOrder is too expensive? Split your payment apart - Soliloquies of hamlet essay on madness.
Hamlet 7 soliloquies essay
Hamlet: Essay Topics 1) Conflict is essential to drama. Show that Hamlet. presents both an outward and inward conflict. 2) How do Hamlet's seven soliloquies reveal. Professional Academic Help. Starting at $7.99 per pageOrder is too expensive? Split your payment apart - Soliloquies of hamlet essay conclusion. Read this Literature Essay and over 86,000 other research documents. Hamlet. Select one of Hamlet soliloquies (preferably not "To be or not to be...") and by. Hamlet soliloquies explained Write an about someone you admire othello theme arts in the 1920s hamlet soliloquies explained interpretation of the road not taken. Soliloquies of hamlet essay. Written by on December 12, 2016. Posted in Uncategorized. Motivational essay organ donation night essays les affranchis france inter. HAMLET A monologue from the play by William Shakespeare. HAMLET: To be, or not to be--that is the question: Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer.
The soliloquies from Hamlet below are extracts from the full modern English Hamlet ebook, and should help you to understand the main Hamlet soliloquys: O that this. Hamlet's soliloquies have also captured the attention of scholars Carolyn Heilbrun's 1957 essay "The Character of Hamlet's Mother" defends Gertrude. Essay/Term paper: Soliloquies of hamlet Essay, term paper, research paper: Hamlet. See all college papers and term papers on hamlet. Free essays available online are. Hamlet soliloquies Essays: Over 180,000 hamlet soliloquies Essays, hamlet soliloquies Term Papers, hamlet soliloquies Research Paper, Book Reports. 184 990 ESSAYS. Soliloquies Dramatic soliloquies are generally understood to be words spoken by a character who is alone on stage or seems to be speaking private thoughts aloud. Get an answer for 'Which, of Hamlet's seven soliloquies is most important to the development of both the Hamlet's character and the plot?' and find homework help for. Hamlet's Soliloquy: To be, or not to be: that is the question (3.1) Annotations To be, or not to be: that is the question: Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer.
Free Essays on Hamlet Soliloquies. Get help with your writing. 1 through 30. A short summary and analysis "Hamlet," and a list of all seven of Hamlet's soliloquies with original text and interpretation. Hamlet: The Seven Soliloquies The Soliloquy is generally used as a means of revealing the inner working of the mind. of a character. It is a device by employing which. Hamlet: Soliloquies Essays: Over 180,000 Hamlet: Soliloquies Essays, Hamlet: Soliloquies Term Papers Order plagiarism free custom written essay. Hamlet Examined Through Soliloquies Soliloquies and set speeches have a pride of place in both Shakespeare’s plays and those of other Elizabethan and Jacobean. Hamlet term papers (paper 14175) on Hamlet S Soliloquies : The soliloquies spoken by Hamlet were directed to the audience, rather than seeming like conversations. In William Shakespeare's "Hamlet" there are four major soliloquies that reflect the. character of Hamlet. In this paper I will be analyzing and discussing how these.
Welcome to the Literature Network Forums forums Essay on Hamlet's soliloquies- pointers. The soliloquies in Hamlet do not. Hamlet's first soliloquy falls in Act 1, Scene 2. Following is the Hamlet's First Soliloquy Text, later followed by a summary for better understanding. How Did Hamlets Seven Soliloquies Reveal His Character. Hamlet's Soliloquies Reveal His Personality "To be or not to be that is the question (Hamlet. Free hamlet papers, essays, and research papers These results are sorted by most relevant first (ranked search). You may also sort these by color rating or essay. Get access to Hamlet s Soliloquies Essays only from Anti Essays. Listed Results 1 - 30. Get studying today and get the grades you want. Only at. Hamlet’s soliloquies. Hamlet’s soliloquies. Paper instructions: Pick out Hamlet’s soliloquies throughout the play. Is there a pattern in what Hamlet says about. Essay The Soliloquies of Hamlet Authors use various literary elements to give insight into the mental composition of their characters. In Shakespeare's.
Open Document. Below is an essay on "Hamlet's Seven Soliliquys" from Anti Essays, your source for research papers, essays, and term paper examples. Free essay on Hamlet Soliloquy Analysis available totally free at echeat.com, the largest free essay community. Hamlet soliloquy essay. Sample required texts/suggested readings/materials. Writing my new year 3 of the play. That explores the feminine, review. You can find more information on how to prepare a good Hamlet’s soliloquies essay using Hamlet coursework or a Literature thesis about Shakespeare’s works.
Essays - largest database of quality sample essays and research papers on Hamlet Seven Soliloquies. From a general summary to chapter summaries to explanations of famous quotes, the SparkNotes Hamlet Study Guide has everything you need to ace quizzes, tests, and essays. Essay On Hamlet Hamlet character analysis essay - High-Quality Research Paper Writing and Editing Assistance - We Provide Online Writing Assignments For. TOPIC: How do Hamlet’s seven soliloquies reveal his character? Look closely at the key, recurring themes as they relate to his thinking and behavior. Seven Soliloquies of Hamlet: A Journey into Madness The seven soliloquies of Hamlet are the focus of this paper consisting of 8 pages, which.
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Electrical Engineering ⇒ Topic : Armature Reaction
When a machine operates at no-load, there exists in it only the m.m.f. of the main poles which creates the main flux Φm Fig. (a).
Under load when, when a current flows through the armature winding, an m.m.f. appears (which creates Φa) that interacts with the main m.m.f. Fig. (b). Hence the magnetic flux Φr that exists in a machine when it operates under load should be considered as the resultant flux created by the resultant m.m.f. Fig. (c).
"The action of the armature m.m.f on the main m.m.f is termed as armature reaction".
G.N.A.Geometrical Neutral Axis or plane
M.N.A.Magnetic Neutral Axis or plane
Fig. (a). Flux produced by main field of a generator.
Fig. (b). Flux produced by current in armature conductor
The effects of armature flux may be analysed by considering the flux to consists of two components that are at right angles to each other as shown in Fig.(d). These components are :
(i) Cross-magnetising or distorting component. This component is at right angles main field, because this to the component crosses the main field flux, it is known as the cross-magnetising component of the armature flux.
Fig. (c) Shift of generator flux due to armature flux.
Fig. (d) Components of armature flux and their relative position with respect to main field flux
(ii) Demagnetising component. This component is in the same plane as the,main-field flux.The direction of this component is opposite to the direction of th,e main field flux, with the result it tends to reduce the effect of the maintained flux.
It may be noted that both cross-magnetising (or distorting) and demagnetising effects increase with increase in the armature current
!! OOPS Login [Click here] is required for more results / answer
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Despite spending hundreds of billions of euros on ‘climate protection, Germany’s decarbonisation policy seems to be stuck in a cul-de-sack.
Consumption of oil and natural gas for heating Germany’s residential buildings rose by 1.1 and 1.5 percent respectively in 2018 compared to the year before, when adjusted for weather conditions, shows a study by energy provider Techem. The total energy consumption for room heating in residential buildings also increased in 2018. A past downward trend followed by some years of stagnation has thus reversed into a “significant increase”, said Nicolai Kuß, director of Techem. “Consumption of natural gas has not been this high since 2011, consumption of oil not since 2009. We urgently need to do something to make buildings more energy-efficient and require less heat,” he added.
via The Global Warming Policy Forum (GWPF)
December 13, 2019 at 11:07AM
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A photo is worth a thousand words. The following three photos are great examples of this truth.
1. This photo is of the Black 8-year old junior Comanche football team, who were led by their coaches, to not only kneel during the National Anthem… but to turn their backs!!
2.This photo is of a 3-year old White child, dressed in Klan garb, at a KKK rally, who obviously got away from his parents, and began to play with the shield of a Black police officer assigned to protect the assembly rights of his parents.
3.This photo is of an 8-year old Black child, comforting his tearful White teammate, who mistakenly thought his dad had abandoned him.
Photo 1. As you know, it is customary during the anthem to hold your hand over your heart and face the American flag. This means the anthem and flag are connected. And what is represented by the anthem and flag? America! Now, not only did these Black children kneel in protest of the anthem; but turned their back on the American flag! The critical question is, what were these impressionable children taught in this experience? The answer is simple: reject America!
F.Y.I – not even Black slaves rejected America!! What’s my evidence? The Colonization movement in America which began as early as the late 18th century did see a ‘small’ percentage of Blacks return to Africa, but the greatest opponents of this movement were Black people—primarily slaves! The vast majority of Blacks in America wanted freedom—not to return to Africa!
But that’s not all! America is a nation, which obviously is comprised of people. Although the children were too young to understand why they should reject America*, the seeds were planted through this incident. But—what seeds? As these 8-year olds grow and remember this incident; why they were told to kneel; and then, hear other like-minded adults offer opinions, they will reason something like: “I wonder why Blacks in America are oppressed; which caused my leaders to encourage me to reject the anthem and flag(and thereby America)?” Again, the liberal answer is simple: White people! Therefore, these kids will conclude, “White people are the reason Black people are oppressed, and because White people run America, I must reject America…and White people, who run it!” Allow me to ask a question, with as much sarcasm as possible: Is this racism? Duh!!!!
Photo 2. This photo is soooooooo very fascinating because it SCREAMS: racism is taught! But if racism is taught, it can be untaught! Another powerful lesson in the “racism is taught” adage is, because it is taught, it cannot be applicable only to White people! On the contrary, “racism is taught” is a universal truth, and applicable to all people groups, nations, ethnicities, and religions!! Its origin is the Bible, which teaches racism is sin(Jms2:1,9)! And sin infects humanity…not just certain people groups! This point is critical because liberalism teaches only White people are racist…which is racist!
Photo 3. This photo is THE answer to racial reconciliation! The child, who happened to be Black, saw another child, who happened to be White in distress, and was moved with compassion to comfort him. In other words, a Black child did not see the pain of a White child; or a White teammate; or a White person. The Black child was not moved with ‘Black compassion’, to help a White child. On the contrary, a young child was moved with compassion at the hurt of another, and used that compassion** to bring comfort.
The sin of racism can never be resolved viewing life through the lens of race! In other words, you cannot see people through your race, and also see them as God sees them (Gen1:27; Jer15:16)---the two are mutually exclusive!! Viewing people through your race, will cause you to view others through their race. Liberalism uses racism to attempt to resolve racism. The problem is that not only is this view racist, but racism can never drive out racism! Dr Martin Luther King said, “Darkness cannot drive out darkness; only light can do that. Hate cannot drive out hate; only love can do that.”
In conclusion, regarding the children, God will use this one act of service, as an experience to teach both children: man is not defined by race! Furthermore, the eternal God will instruct both children: Whites and Blacks are not enemies! Finally, The Blessed Redeemer will inspire them that love--through serving others--can overcome anything…even evil(Rom12:21)!
Furthermore, and interestingly, these children had no idea that their experience was captured on camera, and is now being used to inspire people all over America, and possibly even the world, of its great truths?!?! Only the loving God of providence can do that!
Can you honestly say the Black kids on the junior Comanche football team learned anything even remotely similar? Beware…“Whoever causes one of these little ones who believe to stumble…” -Mat9:42
*The article states the boys asked the coach about protests, and his response was to train them to kneel this is what Read the article and you will see they had to ask their coach about protests.
**All compassion originates in Christ (Mat9:36)…it is God’s nature! Man can possess compassion through God’s image and likeness. On the contrary, compassion cannot exist in Darwinism, because its mode of operation is survival of the fittest—which means the strong rule the weak—the exact opposite of compassion.
“People are anxious to improve their circumstances, but they’re unwilling to improve themselves; therefore, they remain bound.” –James Allen
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Anil Kumar's talks & text Index
1.What is silence ?
The usual answer is refraining from talk or simply keeping the mouth shut. This is wrong in the spiritual context.
The regular answer is not to disturb any one .Not to contribute to noise pollution. This is wrong from the philosophical point of view.
3.Is silence necessary?
From the outer view it is necessary for full concentration and attention and for success. This is wrong when we go deep into the subject.
4.What is the role of silence in spirituality?
It is the fundamental requirement for any spiritual aspirant.
5.Why we talk?
To share, to communicate, to interact, to convey, to work unitedly, to plan together, for social obligations, official responsibilities, contacts, to express ones own view point / ideology.
6.What is special in speaking to each other?
Speech faculty is given to mankind only , failing which he reduces himself to mineral matter plant kingdom or animal kingdom.
7.What does speaking / talking / speech/ convey?
It conveys your point of view, your likes dislikes preferences choices whims vagaries ,idiosyncrasies, ideology, message, your psychology, culture ,communication skills, language standards , decency etiquette in _expression, the value you attach to others, your humility or ego as the case may be and so on.
8.What are the evils by talking more than necessary?
Self praise, condemnation and criticism of others, self boast, under estimation or demeaning others, gossip , vain talk , rumor mongering , lies or falsehood , vanity etc.
9.What does Baba say about talking or speaking to each other?
Less talk is comfortable Excess talk makes turn mad..In telugu He says ATHI BHASHA MATHI HANI.MITHA BHASHA ATHI HAYI.
Speak softly and sweetly.
What we speak should not agitate others never harm anybody .It should be truth acceptable for the common good and sweet. In Geetha from which Baba quotes frequently has these- ANUDWEGAKARAM VAAKYAM SATHYAM PREETHI HITHAMCHA.
10.What Baba said about silence with reference to a sadhak or aspirant?
It is only in the depth of silence the voice of God is heard.
11.What illustration Swami often gives on silence ?
If you are in novice you will not be able to hear the sounds of the footsteps of God.
12.Any story that Baba gives to follow in speaking truth without harming any one?
A hunter was chasing a deer that escaped into the forest running across a tree under which a yogi was meditating. When the hunter asked the yogi to tell him in which direction the deer went ,the yogi told him that the Eye that saw the direction in which the deer went can't say and the tongue that can say has not seen. This is YUKTHI or knack in expressing truth so that no one is put to harm by your truth.
13.What is SILENCE from the spiritual viewpoint?
Withdrawal of the mind or thoughtless state, calm quiet peaceful mind balanced state of mind equanimous poised mind paves the way for the observance of SILENCE.
All religions lay much emphasis on silence for meditation and self enquiry.
15.Prasanthi-- the abode of peace can be experienced if only we preserve the state of silence as often as possible. Prasanthi is supreme peace. Innervoice is heard when the outer voice stops .It is silence.
Mind being an extrovert takes to PRAVRITHI MARGA or worldly physical view.
16. Mind --turned inward in a state of thoughtlessness , inward, takes you to heights of meditation.--- NIVRTHI MARGA.
Extrvert mind takes you to experimentation science and technology, while introvert mind is contemplative meditative .
17.Speaking is prompted by thought.
Silence is thoughtlessness.
One may be alone and silent but may be in a market full of thoughts like traffic jam. One may be in crowd yet withdrawn enjoying the benefits of silence.
Silence should lead to self enquiry.
Source: with kind permission of Prof. Anil
Kumar (theme for the meeting in MEXICO ) / SBOI
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The UPSC Civil Services Exam, commonly known as the IAS examination is the most awaited and coveted examination in our Nation and has a higher significance compared to other National examinations in our country. In this exam around a million candidates pursue their dream of becoming civil servants. UPSC Civil Services Examination has a brief history longing from the British Era, where a typical aspirant usually takes around two years of preparation for a single attempt. The value proposition and power that the recruits have after cracking the Civil Services Examination is unparalleled and holds greater prominence over the other government duties.
What is UPSC?
UPSC is the Union Public Service Commission which conducts the UPSC Civil Services Exam(CSE) to recruit the most coveted officers like IAS, IPS, IFS, and other allied service officers of the country and it takes dedication, persistence, and exhaustive preparation by the aspirant to clear this exam. It is conducted in three phases Preliminary Examination, Mains Examination, and personality test.
UPSC Exam Structure
The UPSC Prelims is an MCQ-based examination with two General Studies papers: Paper-I and Paper-II (CSAT). The Preliminary examination is a screening test and qualifying in nature; however, the scores won’t be included in the final merit. Instead, the aspirant who makes it to the Mains Examination has to appear for a written and descriptive examination consisting of nine papers. Students who clear the mains examination then move to the final phase called the Personality Test, where aspirants are interviewed by a panel of experienced members hailing from the various subject matter.
Roadmap to clear UPSC
Aspirants who have set off their preparation for UPSC Civil Services Examination know well that it’s going to be a journey with a stretched timeline. With a vast syllabus and conceptual concepts, students have to absorb a lot to succeed. The best roadmap for Civil Services preparation would be to understand the exam and formulate specific strategies that can help students constantly make progress rather than having a stagnant situation in their journey. Students should continuously prepare and assess their performance to overcome their shortcomings and get acquainted with the examination.
UPSC strategy for Beginners
Competitive exams of this stature require proper guidance and the right direction to find success. Some of the quick tips to get the beginners to start their preparation have been mentioned below:
- Understanding the Syllabus and Exam Pattern: The best UPSC strategy for Beginners would be to understand the syllabus like a user manual for an electrical device. Aspirants are advised to visit the official site and understand the exam pattern and syllabus. It’s essential to know the boundaries within which you have to limit your preparation and understand what the exam demands. Aspirants must realize the fact that they need appropriate knowledge rather than being a subject matter expert.
UPSC Strategy for Prelims
About UPSC Prelims
UPSC CSE Prelims would be the first hurdle aspirants have to overcome while preparing for this examination. While beginning their preparation, students frequently come up with concerns about What to study for UPSC Prelims and how to prepare for UPSC prelims. This examination is going to first step toward the long and excruciating process that aspirants go through. The UPSC Prelims examination is one of the screening rounds for around 4 hours and consists of Multiple-Choice Questions. Overcoming this hurdle will allow the candidate to appear for the Mains Stag of the civil services exam. The exam consists of two papers, General Studies- I and General Studies-II (CSAT). Each of these papers is 200 marks while the first paper is for preparing a merit list and the second paper, is the CSAT exam qualifying in nature.
UPSC Strategy for Mains
About UPSC Mains
UPSC CSE aspirants who clear the Preliminary examination become eligible to sit for UPSC Mains Examination. After years of preparation, students clear the first hurdle; it’s a morale boost for them. However, the marks of Prelims don’t account during the preparation of the final merit list. Therefore, it is the Mains examination whose performance will be valued while determining your rank.
The UPSC Mains strategy should be rock solid as the exam takes around 10 days of testing students’ grit and preparation. Since this is a descriptive examination, UPSC Mains preparation requires a different plan and process altogether to get through.
How to prepare for UPSC Interview
UPSC Interview or the personality test is the last of the rounds that an aspirant must face before making it to the final destination. Out of the 2075 marks, the IAS interview carries a weightage of 275 marks, creating a massive difference while releasing the merit rank list. Therefore, “How to prepare for IAS interview” is one of the most frequently asked questions from the aspirants even before they clear the Preliminary examination.
Students who believe in scoring maximum marks in the mains examination and becoming complacent about the personality test might be because Mains Examination has a weightage of around 87% of the total marks. But aspirants should be aware of the fact that during the release of the merit list, even a single mark difference can create a huge difference in the rank list.
Those who clear the Mains Examination will receive a Detailed Application Form (DAF) which will become the reference point where you will be asked questions. Therefore, it is highly advisable to fill the form with proper intelligence to make things easier for yourself during the interview.
Aspirants who will be making up for the UPSC interview round must have devoted their entire time and dedication to this examination. When your finish line is so close, you don’t want to be dragged back; therefore, aspirants should give equal importance to this phase of the IAS exam as they will be giving to Mains and Preliminary stages. As mentioned above, even a single mark can make a massive difference in the final merit rankings. Therefore, students should thoroughly follow the IAS interview tips discussed above. Students can even enroll themselves in mentorship programs to give mock interviews, get UPSC interview tips, and know exactly how to prepare for IAS interviews.
The IAS examination whose dates are closing in and has been scheduled for October 2021. Aspirants should follow their strategy diligently and the importance of deriving a plan has been mentioned in the article above. Since the nature of the exam is highly competitive where every year students face 11 Lakh aspirants giving a fight for 700-800 vacancies. Even though the selection percentage is minuscule the number of applicants filling in annually has always shown a constant figure. These factors only imply that students consider Civil Services as one of their dreams and religiously prepare for the same. Vast and exhausting examination schedules become excruciating when you devote years of studies. If asked to summarise the complete guidelines for UPSC preparation it will trickle down to these points:
- Understanding the exam pattern and syllabus thoroughly to gauge the required portion of coverage during the examination and avoid wastage of time.
- Picking up relevant study materials to avoid any confusion. Recommended and most resourceful books should be used.
- Aspirants should set up small achievable goals and targets to cover the syllabus and keep their preparation dynamic.
- Regular reading of current affairs and trending topics through some trusted websites and good newspapers.
- Self-assessment is essential to keep track of preparation, mock tests should be given at regular intervals.
- There should be enough time for revision to avoid losing out on the learnings done over months and days.
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Stress an Underlying Problem
Stress may very well be the root cause of your, and many people’s problems, whether you recognize it or not. You may be “under too much stress” and not handling it well, while others may be under the same amount but seem to be coping well. Or the reverse could be true. Either way, how can some withstand more stress than others? Let’s try to answer this question and some others such as, what exactly is stress and is stress always a bad thing?
All Stress is Accumulative
When you hear the word stress you may think of stress as inherently bad, but this isn’t always true. Just as bones and muscles need physical exercise (a stressor) to stay strong, we need other types of stress, in certain amounts, to stay healthy. To determine which types of stresses are good and how much of them we need we need to know what stress does to our body. Stress is perceived or interpreted by the key control systems of the body – limbic/emotional, hormonal, visceral, nervous, musculoskeletal, and other subsystems. Important to understand that all stressors, even though I’m going to break them apart, are funneled together and processed by the nervous system to create an overall stress burden on the body.
External & Internal Stressors
There are two main types of stress external and internal. External stressors are things that stress the body from the outside, such as sunlight, physical pain (injury or other external forces), emotional trauma and toxic chemical exposure. Internal stressors arise from within the body and are most often the reaction to external stressors. For example, if you’re repeatedly exposed to toxic chemicals, cancer or other diseases may develop. Even if the toxic chemicals (external stressor) are removed, cancer (internal stressor) will continue to stress the body systems. like to break stressors down into six major categories, each of which can have positive and negative effects. Below are the first 3 major categories that stress is broken down into.
Physical stress in the form of movement or exercise is very beneficial. The actual stressor in this situation is gravity, which loads our muscles and bones under its influence. Adequate movement and exercise also helps us to maintain an optimal metabolic rate (the rate that all physical and chemical processes take place within the body), keeping us from becoming overweight. Considering that less than 5% of adults participate in 30 minutes of physical activity each day1 and only one in three adults receive the recommended amount of physical activity each week.2
Over-exercising can be just as bad as not exercising enough. This primarily because over-exercising can over stress the immune system, which will cause immune system suppression.3 Leading to an increased incidence of upper respiratory infection, chronic fatigue, and a multitude of other maladies. Another form of adverse physical stress is poor posture resulting from over-exercising, especially with improper form. Posture has significant influence on breathing, muscle function, joint health, circulation, and internal organ support.4 When the body structure is out of balance, the rest of system follows.
Our bodies are full of naturally produced chemicals that are essential for health. The work that goes into producing these key chemicals is a necessary stress for the body. Take exercise as one example, when out bodily systems are working correctly, exercise results in chemical adaptations in the form of hormonal changes that alter your biochemistry to increase protein synthesis, energy production and a myriad of other chemical reactions. Another example is sunlight, the action of sunlight on the skin results in production of vitamin D and the regulation of hormones melatonin and cortisol (both chemical reactions).
Today we are bombarded everyday with thousands upon thousands of chemicals that were not around one hundred years ago.5 Most of these chemicals are synthetic, and our bodies are not adequately equipped with the mechanisms to neutralize them. Synthetically manufactured medical drugs, including aspirin, are among the most common forms of unfavorable chemical stress.
One of the most powerful forms of good electromagnetic stress is sunlight. As without sunlight we wouldn’t be alive. Another source of electromagnetic stress is the earths electromagnetic field. This invisible field aids the sun in controlling the rhythm of our hormones and other physiological functions.6
Sunlight can also be a form of bad electromagnetic stress. This is due to over exposure to sunlight, resulting in sunburn. Most are already aware that overexposure to radiation such as experienced during medical x-rays can also be harmful to health. But often overlooked is the extremely low frequency (ELF) pollution emitted by electronic devices such as computers, cellphones, microwaves, TVs, and even electric blankets. Overexposure to these forms of stress are insidious, causing dysfunction in your hormonal and autonomic nervous system.7
Quote of the week
“Sooner or later your health is going to be your #1 concern”
- Paul Chek
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Construction safety nets are indispensable tools for ensuring the well-being of workers and maintaining a secure working environment at elevated heights. These nets offer numerous benefits that contribute to enhanced safety on construction sites:
Fall Protection: Safety nets serve as a reliable fall protection system, preventing workers from sustaining severe injuries or fatalities in the event of a fall. By effectively absorbing and distributing the impact of a fall, safety nets reduce the risk of life-threatening accidents.
Debris Containment: Construction sites often involve activities that generate debris, such as tools, equipment, and construction materials. Safety nets act as a protective barrier, catching and containing falling objects, thus preventing them from injuring workers or causing damage to property below.
Enhanced Productivity: When workers feel safe and secure in their environment, they can focus on their tasks with greater peace of mind. Safety nets instill confidence among workers, leading to improved productivity and efficiency.
Cost Savings: While the initial investment in safety nets may be required, they ultimately result in cost savings for construction companies. By preventing accidents and injuries, safety nets reduce medical expenses, legal liabilities, and potential project delays, ultimately benefiting the company’s bottom line.
Compliance with Regulations: Many countries have stringent safety regulations and guidelines for construction sites. Incorporating safety nets into construction practices ensures compliance with these regulations, preventing penalties, fines, and potential legal issues.
Employee Morale and Retention: Prioritizing worker safety through the use of safety nets demonstrates a company’s commitment to the well-being of its employees. This, in turn, enhances employee morale and job satisfaction, contributing to improved retention rates and a positive work culture.
Versatility and Adaptability: Safety nets can be customized to fit various construction site configurations, making them adaptable for different projects and structures. They can be installed vertically, horizontally, or at different angles as per the specific requirements, ensuring comprehensive safety coverage.
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Storing large volumes of data in the cloud
Storing large volumes of imagery in the cloud and transmitting the data to client applications has always created a quandary. Do you want it large, slow and accurate; or fast, small and of unknown accuracy? For the first option, you can store and transmit the rasters with no or lossless compression, but the compression factors are relatively small. For the second option, you can compress using a lossy compression, but you have no real control of the resulting accuracy.
Tradeoff: Accurate, but large and slow? Or, fast and small, but accuracy takes a hit?
Lossless – Stores data at full accuracy, but the data is not compressed much.
Lossy – Sets the compression based on a quality such as 80% or compression factor 15x
The problem with lossy is that you don’t know how much your data was changed to obtain that compression factor. Imagine you’re storing a 32-bit elevation dataset and you know the data is accurate to 10cm. If you store it as lossy, you might get values that deviate by more than 10m. If you store it as lossless, it’s still a large, unwieldy dataset.
To address these issues, Esri has developed a new approach to data compression where you set a tolerance for how much the compressed values can change from the original values. We call the algorithm that does this LERC (Limited Error Raster Compression).
Using LERC, you can set a tolerance of 10 cm when you compress the data, and the result is a dataset that is compressed as much as possible while remaining true to that 10cm tolerance that you set. You can also set the tolerance to 0 which makes the compression lossless. In most cases LERC provides better lossless compression than traditional lossless compression methods such as LZW and deflate.
With scientists and analysts worldwide trying to use imagery to solve complex world problems, like climate change, air pollution, and food sustainability, having accurate information available very quickly is exciting news. Speedy and accurate web access to imagery will improve the way people understand and analyze changes in the Earth. This will make it easier for scientists and analysts to share their results with the public and policy holders, because it is web-enabled and fast!
The Nitty Gritty
LERC is implemented within MRF (MetaRasterFormat), a file format designed by NASA JPL for fast access to raster datasets. Without getting too far into the technical details, this file format takes advantage of tiling schemes to enable web-based caching. (If you do want to know the technical details behind this relationship, check out this forum on geonet). MRF is implemented in Open Source GDAL and Esri have contributed the LERC implementation (https://github.com/nasa-gibs/mrf). Now, using LERC and MRF we all have the ability to store and access massive volumes of imagery at a lower cost in an open format. For organizations with large volumes of imagery this is significant.
To date, LERC has only been available internally within ArcGIS, but we are making this available to the geospatial community, so that developers can make use of the technology and continue to develop new ways of exploring geospatial data. To help serve this community, we have created a Github repository where you can access the code.
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Does the Adderall serve to study better and concentrate more?
We live in an extremely competitive society, in which a high level of performance and productivity is demanded in practically all areas of life and continuously. Work and access to the labor market is one of the areas where most can be seen. Studies are another of them, especially at university level: young students are subjected to a lot of pressure in order to pass and get the highest possible grade in order to stand out and be able to obtain in the future the best job they can achieve, arriving at times to make marathon efforts in exam season.
The pressure can become excessive, to the point that some people decide to resort to some substances and drugs that can supposedly facilitate concentration and cognitive ability. One of these substances is a psychostimulant drug called Adderall, designed to treat various disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Does the Adderall serve to study and concentrate? It's something we're going to talk about throughout this article.
- Related article: "Types of psychotropic drugs: uses and side effects"
What is Adderall?
The medicine known as Adderall is a type of psychopharmaceutical with high-potency stimulant properties , which is formed by the combination of two types of amphetamine salts. Specifically, it is a synthetic substance that arises from the combination of dextroamphetamine (75%) and levamfetamine (25%).
This substance acts greatly increases the levels of dopamine and noradrenaline in the brain, being agonist of the receptors of these neurotransmitters at presynaptic level. It also generates an agonist action in the serotonin receptors, but the effect on this neurotransmitter is much lower.
The effects of this drug are in practice similar to those of cocaine , generating an increase in brain activity as well as feelings of euphoria, increased alertness, reduced reaction time to stimuli and resistance to fatigue and sleep, as well as an increase in the ability to focus and mental alertness . It also seems to generate an increase in the ability to motivate oneself, as well as an improvement of the capacity and physical resistance and alterations in the libido, frequently causing an increase in it. It also reduces the need to rest and sleep, as well as the appetite and the perception of the need to hydrate.
When it's used?
Adderall is mainly thought of as a drug that, in small doses and correctly prescribed, allows the treatment of different alterations. Thus, the main application of this drug, for sale with a prescription, is of therapeutic orientation.
Specifically Adderall is indicated in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder , generating in subjects with this disorder an improvement in their capacity for self-control, in the reduction of disruptive behaviors and in the focus of attention. It also enhances your ability to motivate and concentrate.
This may seem counterintuitive, given that amphetamines tend to increase activity and energy and that at a symptomatic level many children with ADHD present great restlessness and energy, but it has been observed in those who have this disorder that there is a cerebral level a deficit and dysregulation of dopamine and noradrenaline in different brain nuclei.
Another disorder in which Adderall is indicated is in narcolepsy, presenting some effectiveness in reducing daytime sleepiness.
But Adderall's psychostimulant abilities have not only been used therapeutically. Given that in a population without any of the above disorders the effects are similar to those of cocaine, it has been observed that it is often used recreationally, due to its euphoric properties. Likewise, like other derivatives of amphetamines have sometimes been used by athletes in order to enhance their performance and reduce fatigue and fatigue.
Finally and since it seems to favor the ability to concentrate, cognitive ability, mental lucidity or even memory capacity, it is being seen that Adderall is increasingly used by students in order to enhance their abilities for study, . In other words, it is used as a nootropic, although its use should always be indicated by doctors . It is about this last application that we will focus on.
Is it really good to study?
The studies on the nootropic properties of the Adderall have been investigated by different groups of experts, finding that Although Adderall generates an increase in some cognitive capacities it also generates a detrimental effect in other , in such a way that the subject's global capacity does not improve too much. Also, through experiments with cases in which part of the participants consumed this drug and others were given a placebo, it was observed that there were no statistically significant differences in performance level.
Specifically, in a recent experiment it was observed that the subjects taking Adderall did they showed an increase in attention capacity and tended to give a greater number of answers (although this does not imply that they were correct), although in the execution of memory tasks they showed a worse performance.
One result that has also been interesting is the fact that the euphoric properties of Adderall they generated a sensation of notorious activation and it enhanced the subjective feeling of feeling better and more sure of herself.
Other studies show that it allows increasing the level of activity, energy and concentration, but that nevertheless seems to reduce the creativity of those who consume it by decreasing sensitivity to new stimuli by generating hyperfocalization.
- Maybe you're interested: "10 tips to study better and efficiently"
Possible risks of its use
Regardless of whether or not it has a nootropic effect, when Adderall is used therapeutically, the doses used are carefully measured by professionals who will issue a therapeutic dose and reduce side effects as much as possible. But nevertheless, its use as a nootropic or stimulant drug It usually occurs in doses that are not controlled and do not take into account possible side effects, which can be serious.
Among its risks we can find the appearance of insomnia problems, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea, erectile dysfunction, depression (after passing the effect), irritability, headaches, hypersudation, lack of appetite and tachycardia. It can cause cardiac problems such as arrhythmias, and in severe cases, it can cause heart attacks or strokes.
In high doses it can also generate neurotoxicity and loss of cognitive faculties, hallucinations and delusions and kidney problems. Also in certain doses it is possible that Adderall causes addiction (although in the therapeutic doses this risk
That is why it is contraindicated for people with heart problems, diabetes, kidney or liver problems, psychotic disorders, anorexia nervosa, glaucoma, thyroid problems, epilepsy, bipolarity, Tourette syndrome or depression. It is also contraindicated for diabetics.
- Rettew, D. (2018). Does Adderall Make You Smarter ?. Psychology Today [Online]. Available at: //www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/abcs-child-psychiatry/201807/does-adderall-make-you-smarter.
- Weyandt, L.L, White, T.L., et al. (2018). Neurocognitive, Autonomic, and Mood Effects of Adderall: A Pilot Study of Healthy College Students. Pharmacy, 6 (3): 58.
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Aldolase: A Myositis Biomarker
The month of May is devoted to myositis awareness, a muscle-wasting disease resulting in reduced muscle strength and fatigue. The term ‘myositis’ is an umbrella term referring to the “general inflammation or swelling of the muscle”. However, myositis is more often referred to as a disease involving chronic inflammation of the muscles which does not improve with rest. This condition is also known as idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM) 1.
Myositis is an autoimmune disease characterised by pain, muscle weaknesses, swelling and extreme fatigue which often gradually appear. Myositis can be potentially life-threatening, especially dermatomyositis which affects the heart muscle and lungs. Whilst a rare disease, it is estimated that 75,000 Americans suffer from myositis, however, many are undiagnosed or misdiagnosed with more common autoimmune diseases. Most physicians are unfamiliar with the disease and symptoms and so the consequences of this can be catastrophic in terms of long-term physical muscle damage, disability and even death 1, 2, 3.
Table 1 reviews the different forms of myositis
Table 2 reviews complications with or due to myositis
It is vital that physicians are educated to include myositis despite it being a rare disease as it is essential that myositis patients are diagnosed quickly to ensure appropriate treatment plans are implemented.
Aldolase testing has been recognised as a marker in the differential diagnosis of muscle weakness as aldolase levels remain consistent where weakness is caused by neurological problems such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Aldolase is an enzyme specifically found in skeletal muscle and the liver. When either the muscle or liver are damaged, aldolase is released into the bloodstream 13 . A few studies support aldolase testing in the diagnosis of myositis:
1. Arthritis Research & Therapy (2012): Aldolase predicts subsequent myopathy occurrence in systemic sclerosis 14
A French monocentric 4-year study prospectively evaluated n=137 systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients without proximal muscle weakness to assess the risk of myopathy related systemic sclerosis (Myo-SSc) according to the European Neuro Muscular Centre criteria. Aldolase, creatine kinase (CK), C-reactive protein (CRP), alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) were evaluated.
Aldolase is a valuable diagnostic tool in the identification of SSc patients at a high risk of developing subsequent Myo-SSc. This enables clinicians to monitor at-risk patients as well as identifying Myo-SSc in its earliest stages, enabling the effective and swift implementation of an appropriate treatment plan when the muscle damage is still in a reversible stage.
2. Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology (2013): Isolated elevation of aldolase in the serum of myositis patients: a potential biomarker of damaged early regenerating muscle cells 15
The in vitro analysis of the gene and protein expression levels of aldolase and CK during muscle cell differentiation.
Aldolase A is expressed in the absence of CK in undifferentiated muscle cells and in the early differentiation process. Isolated elevated serum aldolase A in myositis patients reflects preferential immune-mediated damage of early regenerative cells. Aldolase is a biomarker of damaged early regenerating muscle cells.
Myositis can be a potentially life-threatening disease when undiagnosed or misdiagnosed. Aldolase is recognised as a biomarker in the diagnosis and monitoring of myositis. Randox are one of the only in-vitro diagnostic manufacturers to offer the aldolase assay in an automated and manual biochemistry format. Not only does the Randox methodology have an excellent correlation coefficient to r=0.9917 when compared against standard methods, the Randox assay is lyophilised for enhanced stability with an excellent measuring range of 1.73 – 106U/l. Moreover, applications are available detailing instrument-specific settings for the convenient use of the Randox aldolase assay on a wide range of clinical chemistry analysers.
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The Myositis Association. About Myositis. [Online] [Cited: May 3, 2019.] https://www.myositis.org/about-myositis/.
Kobert, Linda. Myositis, a rare muscular inflammatory disease that ofen goes undiagnosed or misdiagnosed, disproportionally impacts women of color. s.l. : The Myositis Organisation.
Muscular Dystophy UK. Myositis. [Online] [Cited: May 6, 2019.] https://www.musculardystrophyuk.org/about-muscle-wasting-conditions/myositis/.
The Myositis Association. Types of Myositis. [Online] [Cited: May 3, 2019.] https://www.myositis.org/about-myositis/types-of-myositis/.
—. Sporadic Inclusion Body Myositis. [Online] [Cited: May 3, 2019.] https://www.myositis.org/about-myositis/types-of-myositis/sporadic-inclusion-body-myositis/.
—. Dermatomyositis. [Online] [Cited: May 3, 2019.] https://www.myositis.org/about-myositis/types-of-myositis/dermatomyositis/.
—. Polymyositis. [Online] [Cited: May 3, 2019.] https://www.myositis.org/about-myositis/types-of-myositis/polymyositis/.
—. Necrotizing Myopathy. [Online] [Cited: May 3, 2019.] https://www.myositis.org/about-myositis/types-of-myositis/necrotizing-myopathy/.
—. Juvenile Myositis. [Online] [Cited: May 3, 2019.] https://www.myositis.org/about-myositis/types-of-myositis/juvenile-myositis/.
—. Cancer-associated myositis. [Online] [Cited: May 3, 2019.] https://www.myositis.org/about-myositis/complications/cancer-associated-myositis/.
—. Infection. [Online] [Cited: May 3, 2019.] https://www.myositis.org/about-myositis/complications/infection/.
—. Cardiovascular Disease. [Online] [Cited: May 3, 2019.] https://www.myositis.org/about-myositis/complications/cardiovascular-disease/.
—. Blood Tests. [Online] [Cited: May 3, 2019.] https://www.myositis.org/about-myositis/diagnosis/blood-tests/.
Aldolase predicts subsequent myopathy occurrrence in systemic sclerosis. Tolédano, Cécile, et al. Faubourg Saint-Antoine : Arthritis Research & Therapy, 2012.
Isolated elevation of aldolase in the serum of myositis patients: a potential biomarker of damaged early regenerating muscle cells. Casciola-Rosen, Livia, et al. Baltimore : Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology, 2013.
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According to an estimate, pollution is the cause of more than 7 million deaths every year (ScienceAlert). The statistic, however, says nothing of the innumerable plants and animals that also suffer premature deaths due to environmental degradation.
We know that climate change is real: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) claims that the climate crisis is almost (95% certainty) exclusively man-made.
Its causes are also clear: Consuming non-renewable energy, mainly, for power supply, industrial use, and transport releases greenhouse gases, mostly carbon dioxide, that turn the planet into a heat-trapping greenhouse.
It is high time we end our reliance on non-renewable sources of energy, like coal and oil, and instead use renewable sources of energy, like solar and wind, if we wish to limit the alarming rise of our planet’s temperature below 2° C before the end of this century. At least, that is what the Paris Agreement says.
Not that reaching the goal is technologically or economically difficult.
In 2009, IPCC concluded that the world very well possesses the technology and financial resources to make a complete transition to low-carbon and renewable energy by 2030. But the target was moved to 2050 for “practical” reasons — the social, political, and cultural challenges to adopting strict climate policies.
Employment, for instance, is one large thorn. Strict climate policies could leave a sizable chunk of fossil fuel workers unemployed, which has led to substantial fear and apprehension brewing around the policies.
Politicians have not helped.
Donald Trump, for example, has repeatedly addressed the fear to gain favor, referring to coal miners 294 times in his 2016 presidential campaign (Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change). Instead of encouraging sustainable change, Trump campaigned for reviving the coal industry, an attitude that compelled him to withdraw from the Paris Agreement in 2017, as he happens “to love coal miners.”
The Australian Prime Minister, Scott Morrison, too, has vowed to protect the industry and the people employed by it.
However, a study recently published in One Earth has found that while fossil fuel jobs will decline, the decline will be well compensated for by a significant increase in “green” energy jobs.
Of course, adoption will face a few challenges. But the study essentially claims that, in the long run, the fears might be ill-informed. The transition has no downsides.
Net gain of 8 million jobs
Currently, the energy industry employs more than 18 million people. Out of those 18 million, 12.6 million people are employed by the fossil fuel industry, while only 4.6 million jobs are concerned with renewables. The rest belong to the nuclear industry.
Unquestionably, if we were to abide by climate policies to achieve 100% transition by 2050, fossil fuel employment will decline while renewable employment will incline.
The study aimed to answer the question “by how much?”
The study answered the question under two major scenarios. First, the current scenario with current climate policies, which the authors called the reference model. And second, with policies that are stricter, such that the temperature by 2050 is limited to well below 2 °C.
The authors of the study collected data regarding jobs from the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), made certain assumptions about jobs in non-OECD nations, and combined the two with “global datasets of job intensities across 11 energy technologies and 5 job categories.”
To spare you the details, the authors studied energy employment in 50 countries across the world and developed what is called an Integrated Assessment Model (IAM) for two scenarios.
In both cases, as predicted, fossil fuel employment was found to decline, while renewable energy employment inclined. However, the net incline in employment, when the temperature was well below 2 °C by 2050, was found to be much greater – by nearly 50%.
Under the first scenario, energy employment increased to 21 million, while under the second, it increased to 26 million. In other words, fighting climate change with greater rigor would not wipe out, but instead lead to a net gain of 8 million jobs, according to the study.
Of the 26 million, 84% would be related to renewable energy, 11% to fossil fuels, and the rest to nuclear power. What that means is that the decrease in fossil fuel jobs would be rapid and severe. This would be especially true for “core” jobs directly related to the industry, like manufacturing, mining, or extraction — jobs that dominate the industry today.
However, according to the study, the decline will be well compensated for by a rapid and severe increase in manufacturing and other core, supply chain jobs in solar and wind energy industries.
There’s just one problem. We need to act immediately.
A new kind of energy workforce
While the technology to replace non-renewable sources of energy is readily available, the workforce to manufacture, install, and utilize the technology is not.
There are two challenges to the transition:
- Re-training today’s energy workforce to compete with tomorrow’s workforce.
- Ensuring the benefits are evenly distributed.
Re-training is critical to the transition to ensure that fossil fuel workers are not left behind as policies become stricter and transition practices, more established.
Overcoming the challenge requires an investment, which varies with the course and the school. But the investment is very likely to pay off when the renewable market takes off.
On the other hand, the study confirmed the distribution of jobs will be unequal – a scaled-up picture of the inequality extant today. In India, for example, it takes 725 workers to extract 1 million tonnes of coal (International Science Council). In the United States? 73.
Still, inequality may impede the transition, but inequality cannot prohibit it.
The photovoltaic market first gained traction in the 1980s. China, however, entered the market in 2000, nearly 20 years later. Today, the superpower accounts for more than half of all manufacturing.
They made it happen because they wanted to make it happen.
Read More Blogs
SGA Knowledge TeamNovember 26, 2021
SGA Knowledge TeamNovember 19, 2021
SGA Knowledge TeamOctober 30, 2021
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Home The Americas US Central
Monks bear down to create fleeting works of sand art
RUFFIN PREVOST Gazette, August 21, 2009
RED LODGE, Wyoming (USA) -- A small crowd has gathered in a hot, stuffy back room at an art gallery to watch two artists work on their latest creation. People gaze respectfully, taking slow, measured breaths while quietly keeping their distance from the process.
<< RUFFIN PREVOST/Gazette Staff
Buddhist monks Ngawang Choejor, left, and Lama Penjo create a sand mandala on Friday at the Carbon County Arts Guild and Depot Gallery in Red Lodge. The men will continue work on the project until Sunday, when it will be swept away in a destruction ceremony.
The artists work methodically, with a look of placid contentment and confident determination, unruffled by the spectators, camera flashes and questions.
Until someone turns on a fan.
"Please point that away, in the other direction," says Ngawang Choejor, speaking through an interpreter.
Despite the stifling heat, Choejor, 74, prefers to work in calm, still air. A breeze could destroy hours or even days of work.
Choejor and his partner, Lama Penjo, both Buddhist monks from Tibet, are creating a sand mandala, an ancient form of ceremonial religious art.
The men use long metal funnels called chakpurs to deposit fine-grained colored sand in a concentric geometric pattern, following centuries-old traditions to construct fleeting works of art that will be destroyed almost as soon as they are finished.
"The mandala is a metaphor for the impermanence of everything, including life itself," said Karma Tensum, executive director for the Helena-based Tibetan Children's Education Foundation.
"The sand, which has captured our healing prayers, will be dispersed in the wind," he said, describing one common method of ceremonial destruction of the mandala, meant to demonstrate the fleeting nature of the material realm and individual life.
Tensum is hosting the two monks and interpreting for them on a multistate tour that starts this weekend in Red Lodge and continues in Washington, Oregon and California before returning in October to Bozeman, Missoula and Helena.
The monks will create - and destroy - mandalas at each stop along the way, working to raise funds for the foundation's efforts in educating Tibetan refugee children, and to spread awareness of Tibetan art and culture.
"It is a very special culture, but it is endangered," Tensum said, adding that cultural and religious repression by the Chinese government has brought a steady decline to enrollment at monasteries there, and is stifling traditional Tibetan customs.
"We are struggling against the policies of the Chinese leadership, but not the Chinese people," Tensum said.
The monks work deliberately, frequently sitting back to breathe, to assess their progress and to plot their next moves. They load small bits of sand into the long, ribbed funnels, then run another metal funnel across the first in practiced rhythm, vibrating the tube to drop the sand, just a few grains at a time.
"Every dot has a specific place, according to the scriptures and traditions," Tensum said, adding that the monks never improvise by substituting a new color or shape. They create each mandala according to a specific order and process.
"They are aiming for perfection," he said without irony, despite the certainty that at least a few of the countless grains of sand will be out of place in every mandala.
"There are many layers of meaning to the mandala, including even a secret meaning for the monks," he said.
"It's a really creative way to get people's attention and ask for interaction," said Sue Logan, a Red Lodge musician.
"My performance art is impermanent, like this is. Even if you make a recording of music or take a picture of this, the real item is still what happens in this room at this time," Logan said.
"I'm just amazed and impressed with how symbolic it is of the fragility of life," said Shelly Oksendahl, of Billings.
Choejor, who studied for eight years to become a sand mandala artist, said he is not bothered by performing the exacting work in front of a room full of people.
Perspiration, however, is an enemy. A drop of sweat can scatter and ruin layers of carefully placed sand. But Choejor said he has learned to keep his cool after creating hundreds of mandalas over the past 30 years in Japan, Mexico, Europe and the U.S.
Though most people understand Buddhist concepts of impermanence, the destruction of a mandala is still unsettling to some Western viewers, Tensum said.
"After the days of painstaking work, to see it destroyed in one swift motion of the hand - they're taken aback," he said.
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Nanotechnology applied to healthcare
Nanomedicine is the application of nanotechnologies in a healthcare setting. It uses the properties developed by a material at its nanometric scale (10-9 m) which often differ in terms of physics, chemistry or biology from the same material at a larger scale. Nanomedicine has the potential to enable early detection and prevention and to dramatically improve diagnostics (in vivo and in vitro), therapies and regenerative medicines.
Those products are subject to the same regulatory rules as traditional drugs or medical devices prior to obtaining marketing authorization, particularly involving an evaluation of the medical service provided to patients and potential side effects.
Over the coming years, the benefits of nanomedicine will be felt by an increasing number of patients with considerable impact on global health.
Nanomedicine applied to cancer
Cancer is a major cause of mortality in the world, and its incidence has been steadily increasing since 1980. In the Western World and in the US, cancer represents the second leading cause of death after heart-attack. However, the impact in the developing world is growing at an alarming rate.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), there will be 14 million new cases of cancer worldwide in 2030. More than 90% of cancer-related deaths occur by the spread of malignant cells to vital organs, a process called metastasis.
The most common cancer treatments include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. These therapies may be used either alone or in combination with other therapies.
The main goals of a cancer diagnosis and treatment program are to cure or prolong the life of patients and to ensure the best possible quality of life to cancer survivors. The prognosis for several cancers has positively evolved as a result of therapeutic improvements over the past few decades.
Even though the introduction of new treatment options has improved the prognosis of cancer patients over the past years, this disease still represents a significant medical challenge.
The success rates of each treatment option vary significantly from one cancer type to another, and from one patient to another (complete remission, partial response or no response at all). Moreover, a wide variety of adverse reactions, such as pain, infection, blood clotting problems, hair loss, renal toxicity, fatigue, nausea and many others, can unfortunately be expected with cancer treatments.
There are still significant unmet medical needs, which is a motivation to develop more efficient therapeutic strategies based on nanomedicine for the treatment of cancers, with better efficacy and lower toxicity to help patients live longer and in better health.
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The 7th grade students sealed their ecosystems today. The goal is to have all the organisms that they included survive for 3 weeks without anything new being added or anything old being removed from the ecosystem. Organisms include succulents, aquatic plants and algae, snails, roly polies , insects and a minnow. They had to decide how much of each thing to put in so that there was enough food to last, enough plant matter to cycle the oxygen and carbon dioxide, but not so much that it used it up, enough bacteria (or other detrivores) to process the waste and so forth. They are very excited and will be recording what happens daily for the next three weeks.
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Car and Driver magazine named Srinivasa Narasimhan's smart headlight system as one of the ten most promising technologies for 2013. The system can improve visibility in rain and snowstorms by constantly redirecting light to shine between particles of precipitation.
The smart headlights use a camera to track the motion of raindrops and snowflakes and then apply a computer algorithm to predict where those particles will be just a few milliseconds later. The light projection system then adjusts to deactivate light beams that would otherwise illuminate the particles in their predicted positions.
Narasimhan's team has demonstrated the system in laboratory tests, showing that it can prevent the distracting and sometimes dangerous glare that occurs when headlight beams are reflected by precipitation back toward the driver.
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- What is another word for angry person?
- What do you call someone who is grumpy?
- Does easily get angry?
- What do you call an angry man?
- What is the strongest word for anger?
- What are anger issues a sign of?
- How do you help someone who is always angry?
- What do you call someone that gets angry easily?
- Is cranky and grumpy the same thing?
- What is a rage disorder?
- What is bipolar rage?
- What are the three types of anger?
- What is a stronger word for angry?
- What are the four types of anger?
- Is Grumpy an insult?
- What’s another word for grumpy old man?
- What Mental Illness Causes Anger?
What is another word for angry person?
Some common synonyms of anger are fury, indignation, ire, rage, and wrath..
What do you call someone who is grumpy?
Noun. A habitually grumpy person. grouch. complainer.
Does easily get angry?
It’s normal and healthy to feel angry from time to time in response to certain situations. But sometimes people experience an uncontrollable anger that often escalates, especially when the provocation is minor. In this case, anger is not a normal emotion but a major problem.
What do you call an angry man?
temperamental. adjective. a temperamental person gets angry easily, or changes from one mood to another very quickly.
What is the strongest word for anger?
Synonymsfurious. adjective. extremely angry.irate. adjective. very angry.seething. adjective. feeling extremely angry without showing it much.infuriated. adjective. extremely angry.incensed. adjective. extremely angry.livid. adjective. informal extremely angry.apoplectic. adjective. formal extremely angry.murderous. adjective. very angry.More items…
What are anger issues a sign of?
Feelings of anger or violent acting out can be related to many different underlying difficulties including depression, anxiety, addictions and other mental health problems. Many individuals can have underlying difficulties with severe low self-esteem, as well as problems with mistrust.
How do you help someone who is always angry?
For other peopleDon’t ignore the person.Be open to listening to what they have to say.Keep your voice calm when they’re upset.Try to talk things through.Acknowledge their distress, but don’t feel like you have to back down if you disagree. … Avoid pushing advice or opinions on them. … Give them space if they need it.
What do you call someone that gets angry easily?
1. Irritable, testy, touchy, irascible are adjectives meaning easily upset, offended, or angered. Irritable means easily annoyed or bothered, and it implies cross and snappish behavior: an irritable clerk, rude and hostile; Impatient and irritable, he was constantly complaining.
Is cranky and grumpy the same thing?
When used as adjectives, cranky means weak, unwell, whereas grumpy means dissatisfied and irritable.
What is a rage disorder?
Intermittent explosive disorder is a lesser-known mental disorder marked by episodes of unwarranted anger. It is commonly described as “flying into a rage for no reason.” In an individual with intermittent explosive disorder, the behavioral outbursts are out of proportion to the situation.
What is bipolar rage?
“Bipolar anger is impulsive, intense, erratic, and explosive. It is being asked a simple question and responding with irrational anger and/or irritation. It is lashing out, for no logical reason, on those that love and care for you.
What are the three types of anger?
The three general types of anger expression are:Aggressive.Passive.Assertive.
What is a stronger word for angry?
irate, annoyed, cross, vexed, irritated, exasperated, indignant, aggrieved, irked, piqued, displeased, provoked, galled, resentful. furious, enraged, infuriated, in a temper, incensed, raging, incandescent, wrathful, fuming, ranting, raving, seething, frenzied, in a frenzy, beside oneself, outraged, in high dudgeon.
What are the four types of anger?
Generally speaking, there are four types of anger that people express:Assertive.Aggressive.Passive-Aggressive.Suppressive.
Is Grumpy an insult?
Even though it’s a negative word, it’s a pretty gentle one. When you’re grumpy, you’re not mad or mean — you’re just unpleasant for the moment. But don’t tell someone who’s grumpy that he’s being grumpy . . . He likely won’t respond kindly to that.
What’s another word for grumpy old man?
curmudgeonOld, cranky, and more than a little stubborn, a curmudgeon is the gruff, grey-haired neighbor who refuses to hand out candy at Halloween and shoos away holiday carolers with a “bah humbug!” As fickle and stubborn as the type of person it describes, curmudgeon comes to us without a history, its origins undisclosed.
What Mental Illness Causes Anger?
Bipolar disorder is a brain disorder that causes dramatic shifts in your mood. These intense mood shifts can range from mania to depression, although not everyone with bipolar disorder will experience depression. Many people with bipolar disorder may experience periods of anger, irritability, and rage.
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Leys, V., & Lehmann, M. K. (2016). Multi-inlet migration modeling for navigation channel management in Tabusintac Bay, Eastern Canada. In Coastal Engineering Proceedings (Vol. 35). Antalya, Turkey. https://doi.org/10.9753/icce.v35.sediment.24
Permanent Research Commons link: https://hdl.handle.net/10289/11166
In New Brunswick, Atlantic Canada, Tabusintac Bay’s multiple tidal inlets meander through narrow barrier islands and are prone to large storm-induced shifts, making navigation hazardous. A multi-evidence assessment comprised of air-photo analysis, field observations and modeling was undertaken to understand the system and recommend sustainable dredging strategies and/or engineering alternatives. The modeling relied on a combination of simple analytical methods for tidal inlet stability, and complex morphological modeling to project the evolution of the nearshore bathymetry. The study recommended reassigning dredging efforts to a new inlet projected to grow and have better stability. Observations two years after the initial modeling effort indicate that the morphological evolution is consistent with the simulation results, and allowed lowered maintenance dredging requirements. This study illustrates how such a multi-evidence assessment of complex coastal dynamics can concretely guide efforts to reduce maintenance dredging and improve safety at sea.
© 2017 copyright with the authors.
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Civil War Overview
Civil War 1861
Civil War 1862
Civil War 1863
Civil War 1864
Civil War 1865
Civil War Battles
Robert E. Lee
Civil War Medicine
Civil War Links
Civil War Art
Republic of Texas
Civil War Gifts
Robert E. Lee Portrait
NEW YORK, SATURDAY, APRIL 13,
Entered according to Act of Congress, in the Year 1861, by Harper & Brothers, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court for the Southern District of New York.
MRS. GENERAL GAINES.—[FROM A PHOTOGRAPH BY
THE GREAT GAINES CASE.
WE publish herewith a portrait of Mrs. General Gaines, the heroine of the most remarkable lawsuit ever prosecuted in our civil courts. This lady has just won a case which entitles her to a property variously estimated at from ten to fifteen millions of dollars. The circumstances which gave rise to that case constitute a romance stranger than the boldest fancies of novel writers.
Just sixty years ago a young man,
handsome, polished, brave, energetic, who, from some strange whim, had devoted himself to a life of trade among the Indians and French settlers on the Mississippi, spent a winter in the American metropolis of that day—Philadelphia. The young man's name was DANIEL CLARK. He was fond of gayety and social pleasures. In some social haunt he met a French lady of uncommon beauty and rare wit, named ZULIME CARRIER. She was living with a Frenchman named Lagrange, a common adventurer, whether legitimately married to him or not it is now not easy to discover. In 1805 this lady left Lagrange, and went to live with Daniel Clark. The theory accepted by the
Supreme Court of the United States is that Zulime Carrier was never married to Lagrange, and that she was married, privately, to Daniel Clark. In 1806, at Philadelphia, the only issue of her union with Clark—Myra, the present Mrs. Gaines—was born.
After the birth of this child it would seem that Clark sent Zulime to
New Orleans, and prosecuted his amatory career at Philadelphia with the gay freedom of a bachelor. He engaged himself in marriage to the celebrated Miss Caton, who after-ward married the Marquis of Wellesley. He formed other connections, the offspring of which have figured in the Gaines case. After a time Zulime returned to Philadelphia, and claimed her rights as a wife. Clark denied her right to the title, and she was unable to maintain it. She seems herself to have recognized the feebleness of her claim ; for soon afterward she married or accepted the protection of a Dr. Gardette, with whom she lived till his death.
Meanwhile Daniel Clark grew tired of Capua, and returned to New Orleans. He formed extensive business connections, and being gifted with rare mercantile capacity, made money in every thing he touched. He soon became the leading merchant on the Mississippi. Those were the days when fortunes were made in judicious trading with the Indians. Daniel Clark was one of the wise men who saw the opportunity and turned it to ac-
count. When his daughter Myra was yet a child, her father was a rich man, whose wealth was daily increasing.
It does not appear that he ever took steps to re-unite his fortunes with those of his much-loved
Zulime. But he certainly took charge of her child Myra, had her properly educated, and testified much affection for her on all occasions.
In 1813 Daniel Clark died, leaving an immense fortune, mostly invested in land in New Orleans
and other cities on the Mississippi. A will was produced, bequeathing his fortune to his mother and to the city of New
Orleans. The legatees and executors entered into possession. Some thirteen years afterward Myra, his daughter, married a Mr. Whitney, of New Orleans, and set up a claim as heir to the property. Thus the great Gaines suit began. Myra claimed to be the only legitimate daughter of Daniel Clark, and sought to have the above-mentioned will set aside. It was natural that, where so much property was at stake, the claim should be hotly contested. It was so; and Mr. Whitney, Myra's husband, died during the first campaign in the war. His widow —young, beautiful, and as energetic as her father —continued to prosecute the suit. Meeting General Gaines shortly afterward, she married him, and he espoused her cause with warmth. The case was tried and lost at New Orleans : it was carried to the Supreme Bench at
Washington, and lost there too. In 1852 the hopes of Mrs. Gaines seemed utterly extinguished, and the death of General Gaines appeared to crush out the last ember of expectation.
But the lady had an indomitable spirit. After the judgment of 1852 a will was discovered, duly executed by Daniel Clark, certifying that Myra was his only legitimate child, and creating her his sole heir. This will Mrs. Gaines offered for probate, and sued the possessors of her father's property thereupon. In the New Orleans Court the case went against her. She appealed again to Washington ; and after several years of tedious legal proceedings, she obtained a judgment on March 14, 1861, confirming the will, declaring her the only rightful heir of Daniel Clark, and entitling her not only to the whole property left by him, but to the rents of the same during the thirty odd years which had elapsed since she first set up her claim.
So the case now stands. The judgment was de-livered by Mr. Justice Wayne, of Georgia, who significantly remarked that the Supreme Court would have their decree carried out in Louisiana. No one knows how far the secession of that State may have impaired the power of the United States Supreme Court within the State limits. Mr. Justice Wayne's diction looks as though the judgment would be acknowledged. If it is, Mrs. General Gaines will soon be the richest woman in America. The portrait which we publish herewith reveals something of the indomitable spirit and energetic will which has enabled this lady to prosecute her case through so many courts, and for so many weary years.
POINT ISABEL, TEXAS WITH THE "DANIEL WEBSTER" SAILING WITH U.S. TROOPS ON BOARD.—FROM A SKETCH BY A GOVERNMENT DRAUGHTSMAN. [SEE
NEXT PAGE ]
acquired this leaf for the purpose of digitally preserving it for your research
and enjoyment. If you would like to acquire the original 140+ year old
Harper's Weekly leaf we used to create this page, it is available for a price
of $150. Your purchase allows us to continue to archive more original
material. For more information, contact
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The Taj Mahal is a stunning example of India's Mughal-era architecture
India's Medieval period is generally known as the Mughal Empire, a period that lasted from 1525 to 1860 A.D. During this era, India became united as a single nation and began to flourish economically and culturally. Builders and craftsmen, working on orders from the emperors of the era, expanded on traditional Persian styles to create palaces, mausoleums and fortresses made from gleaming white marble and and red sandstone. Today, these architectural masterpieces still have the power to leave visitors in awe of their beauty and design.
Delhi Red Fort
A Rundown of Postal Communications during the Mughal period
The process of radical development begun bywith 3000 miles of communication network, was further expanded by the Mughals. routes synchronised with the district or provincial layout served the postal system, the Dak Chawkis dotting the route at fixed intervals.
The structure was developed as a centralised postal machinery with nodal agencies called Dak Chawkis, chaired by the Darogah-i-Dak Chawki who supervised the entire operations. While all Darogahs and postal officials were accountable to him, the Darogah-i-Dak Chawki was answerable only to the royal office.
The Dak Chawki system was divided into separate departments that operated independently, servicing the needs of security, intelligence, supervision and military. Thus, communication needs were categorized according to urgency, secrecy and nature of missive. Modes of conveyance and division of postal work were also fixed accordingly.
Chief modes of communication were the mail runner, horse courier or special speedy horse carriages drawn by fast-paced stallions, used at times of grave importance and emergency.
References to the use of royal pigeons and camels have also been found. Though camels and camel caravans were used primarily in desert areas, camels were also used in non-desert zones, specifically for carrying royal or State mail. The introduction of pigeon post is attributed to Akbar, and not Jahangir, as mentioned in several accounts. Pigeons were trained and housed in the royal palace, in the Kabutar-Khaana, found even today in the relics of Mughal palaces. They were used to carry urgent missives over short distances, exclusively for royal purpose. The practice continued to be favoured by Jahangir who extended its use to special occasions.
The racial profile of mail runners was confined to mewras or sturdy messengers belonging to lower strata of the caste system or tribal origin.
The postal work was assigned and processed by the departments of waqai navis, sawanih navis , khufia navis and dak runner. (See Part 9 for details) All postal staff except the mail runner, was accorded the rank of mansabdar, with army-type gradations. Their ranks, promotions and degradations were conveyed vide dastaks.
Categorization of state correspondence was done to ensure speedy transmission and efficiency in administration – farmans, shuqque, nishan,hasb-ul-hukum, sanad, parwanah and dastak.
This is the first time we find mention of parcels being carried as part of regular mail service. These mostly contained documents or records, and sometimes personal requirements of the ruler.
Postal rules and reforms were created. The procedure of frequent transfer of postal officials started by Babar continued throughout the Mughal regime. Jahangir’s construction of a pillar at every kos with a sign, and a well at every 3 kos, served as milestones along the routes. Aurangazeb’s introduction of the rule that a dak runner cover a fixed travel distance or be penalized is an example of the stringent measures established in the 17th century.
While transparency was introduced with a system of an open register in public offices for record of all information and reports reaching through dak chawkis, there were plenty of undercover operations and recruits involved at the same time.
Security was provided by the Subedars and Kotwals of the districts, who provided escorts and ensured safe passage through their province. To this effect, the dak runners carried a written permit duly endorsed and sealed by the Darogah-i-Dak Chawki on his outward journey. For his return passage, he carried a similar permit sanctioned by the Sawanih Navis. These permits were an obligation upon the provincial faujdar, zamindar and thanedar to render their utmost co-operation and protection to the dak runners. Babar introduced a mathematical dimension to road mapping. The precise measurements adopted by the royal clerks called tamaghachis set the precedence for calculation of mileage thereafter.
The Dak Chawki system was initially restricted to royal and official use. For urgent letters people had to make their own arrangements at personal cost or await the arrival of the regular messengers and prevail upon them to carry the same. In fact, it was this random practice of the postal employees being subject to inducements by the common public, which compelled Babar to introduce the system of transfer. News was conveyed through an efficient channel of confidential reports, supplied daily, bi-weekly and weekly by different agencies acting independently. This system ruled out erroneous information reaching the ruler, not only because of the inbuilt cross-checks but also by giving the emperor different perspectives to a situation.
Besides the news reports, weekly cash statements of the dewan and administrative dispatches by the district governor, were also conveyed vide this dak system.
The Akhbar Navis system organized by Akbar set off the nascent form of the newspaper. The waqai submitted by the wagai navis (official news reporters/ news writers) were in fact, periodical summaries of the regular communiqué. These gradually evolved into periodical newsletters. The era also saw the emergence of the official ante-typographic newspapers, which were indeed the confidential reports and special newsletters devised for instant perusal of the monarch.
From this, there emerged the akhbar, or private news periodicals, perhaps designed by the private postal operators. The contents were meant for public consumption and discussion. This was very much evident during the reign of Aurangazeb.
We also find evidences of the random private post co-existing with the Dak Chawki system. For instance the private messenger system operating from the bazaars of Patna, called Bazar kasids, and the private post at Merta. These were usually operated by the traders or businessmen serving the needs of commerce along pre-determined routes. However, exorbitant rates were charged for conveyance of such private mail.
Separate postal arrangements were made at times of war and military expeditions. Postal staff was appointed as required. A superintendent was allocated the responsibility of Ithminan Dak Chawkiyat Lashkar for management of military postal stations. His terms of appointment and working directives were also as per the situation, different from that of the regular Dak Chawki operations. Farmans, arzi waqaims and all communication between the emperor and army officials were however, delivered personally.
The system of proctectorates, like Bijapur and Golkonda, began with the signing of a Treaty called Inqiyad Nama. This meant that the importance of news transmission assumed grave importance to the Emperor, so news reporters and secret agents operated in such territories too. The simultaneous operation of a regular postal system within the protectorates and that of the median Dak Chawki system is a distinct feature of the Mughal period, post Deccan subjugation.
The parallel dak chawkis operating within these kingdoms subsequently became a part of the imperial network of dak chawkis, adopted by Aurangazeb. This perhaps paved the way to annexation of these kingdoms at a later stage.
Thus, with the extension of the Mughal dominion into the Deccan region of India, the Dak Chawki system stretched beyond Karnataka by the end of the Mughal rule.
Babar mostly continued along the lines of postal system designed by Sher Shah, with some further areas of delegation. It was particularly during the regime of Akbar that a structured postal system developed with a well-planned method. The roles and work of the postal department were well demarcated into the routine provincial reports and State correspondence on one hand, and the tri-furcated news-gathering sections on the other. Jahangir is noted for his extension of postal services and pigeon post to Bengal. While Aurangazeb’s rule ensured stringency in the postal methods and administration.
Thus it was in the early 16th century, that a systemic synergized two-way communication system began operations on a routine basis. In introspection, the Mughal period spanning two centuries, kick-started the process of an organized postal system in India that was later emulated by the Britishers, as mentioned earlier.
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Being able to clearly communicate reasoning is an essential skill for today's students. One of the ways your students can develop that skill is by drawing and writing to explain and justify their responses. It's super important for kids to be able to verbalize their thinking, as well as to be able to communicate that thinking through written words and visual models.
This page can be given as an assessment or even a homework assignment.
-If your students need a little more support, have them work with a partner and orally explain their ideas before putting them in print, or model thinking out loud and drawing/ writing an example.
-If your students need a challenge, give them harder decimals to work with, or have them explain a more complicated comparison (such as why 0.1 is greater than 0.099).
|(example answer- this page is not included)|
I like to have my students justify their reasoning on paper at least once each week. They use both visual models as well as written explanations. This kind of thinking also helps students with test prep, but that's not why we do it!
Happy Teaching (and Justifying Reasoning)!!
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With the recent launch of MIT’s Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, MIT News examines research with the potential to reshape medicine and health care through new scientific knowledge, novel treatments and products, better management of medical data, and improvements in health-care delivery.
Neurotechnology may sound dauntingly complex, but in practice it can include ideas as straightforward as recognizing computer users by the exact way they press buttons.
One such prototype, developed at MIT, works by sensing subtle differences in the timing and pressure applied by a user in pressing a particular sequence on a touchscreen divided into four colored squares. In a recent demonstration of the system, graduate student Ralph Rodriguez activated a tablet device by tapping the colored squares in the right sequence. He then relocked the device, revealed the correct color sequence, and passed it around the room. Even knowing the right code, none of the 20 people could get the device to unlock.
The idea behind the system is to protect sensitive user data, such as passwords and financial information stored on a mobile device, in case the device is stolen. Rodriguez already has three patents pending on the system, and has started a company to develop it.
This new approach to user authentication was just one of several concepts for neurotech-based businesses that emerged from the latest version of an MIT course called “Neurotechnology Ventures,” which has been taught every year since 2007. The class, co-taught by MIT Media Lab associate professor Ed Boyden and lecturer Joost Bonsen, encourages students to develop businesses based on concepts derived from the study of the brain, psychology, artificial intelligence, neurobiology or related fields.
Many of the ventures exist at the cutting edge of neuroscience research. For inspiration, Boyden described a project in which robots were developed for mapping neural activity in the brain, using an automated system of probes inserted into brain tissue. When the student who developed it, a visiting PhD student from Georgia Tech, presented the invention at a conference, “people immediately started asking for one,” Boyden says.
A wide variety of business concepts emerge from the class. Recent examples include a system for measuring the emotional state of visitors to a website; an automated system for recording the precise location of a probe’s insertion into the brain, so as to map that spot for follow-up treatment or evaluation; and a simple, eyeglasses-mounted diagnostic device that can characterize vestibular disorders, epilepsy and concussions.
One recent class project has now become a startup called Daily Feats, which produces an app to help people set incremental goals for everything from losing weight to being better parents. Users receive reminders on their cellphones to help them meet those goals.
The roots of this course are in discussions Boyden and Bonsen had 15 years ago as MIT students, along with Rutledge Ellis-Behnke, now a research affiliate in the Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences. “We were thinking how technology was going to have a lot of impact, and could play an eventual role in helping treat these brain disorders,” Boyden says. Broadly defined, brain-related disorders — everything from sleep disorders to depression to addiction — affect at least a billion people worldwide, he says.
Yet, Boyden says, most treatments for such disorders “have been found by serendipity,” and in the late 1990s there was little systematic research aimed at finding solutions to these problems. While almost every field of science has an associated field of engineering research, Bonsen says, this was not true of brain and cognitive science in its infancy. MIT was a pioneer in neurotechnology, establishing the McGovern Institute Neurotechnology (MINT) program in 2006.
“Neurotechnology Ventures” was first offered in the spring of 2007; Boyden, Bonsen and Ellis-Behnke initially co-taught the class. Then as now, speakers came to discuss their own efforts — in neurodiagnostics, neurotherapeutics, and analytical and research-based concepts — to develop new technologies and bring them to market. “It’s really a broad swath of technology,” Bonsen says.
Already, some of the projects spawned in the class have gone on to win prizes in contests such as MIT’s 100K Entrepreneurship Competition; several are now in the process of commercialization.
“There’s not a lot of precedent for neurotechnology entrepreneurship,” Boyden says. “That’s part of the fun, because there isn’t a cookbook to follow. The students have to experience the joys and perils of being pioneers. I learn a lot by helping students struggle with truly difficult problems.”
Boyden and Bonsen say they believe that neurotechnology is poised to take off, much as biotechnology was two decades ago. “We haven’t yet seen the founding of the Biogen or Genzyme of the neurotech field,” Bonsen says. “But I fully suspect that analogs to those companies are being born or blossoming now.”
And to help bring that about, Boyden adds, “If our class can help get a few neurotechnology companies going that seed the Silicon Valley of neurotech, that would be very exciting.”
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That tutorial targets Linux distributions that use the
systemd init system. That is also what provides the
systemctl command. What Linux distribution are you working with? Ubuntu will be moving to
systemd in a future release, but currently does not use it. Fedora, CentOS 7, and CoreOS on the other hand all should come with that command available by default.
If you are using Ubuntu, you can accomplish something similar using Upstart. For instance, the
systemd service file from that tutorial can be written as an Upstart script like so:
description "Upstart script to launch a node app"
start on (local-filesystems and net-device-up IFACE=eth0)
stop on runlevel [!12345]
exec /usr/bin/node index.js
For all the details on how to use Upstart, check out:
Use Upstart for modern, full-coverage initialization. This tutorial explains the concepts behind initialization and provides two practical examples of initialization jobs with Upstart.
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CC-MAIN-2017-30
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https://www.digitalocean.com/community/questions/systemctl-command-not-found
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John Chowning Gresham
John Chowning Gresham was born on September 25, 1851, in Lancaster County, Virginia. He graduated from the U.S. Military Academy at West Point in the class of 1876. He was originally assigned to the 3rd U.S. Cavalry at Fort Lincoln, in Washington, D.C., but was soon transferred to the 7th Cavalry as a replacement following the Battle of Little Big Horn in 1876. He served in the Nez Perce War and was at the Battle of Canyon Creek.
John Gresham was promoted to first lieutenant in June 1878 and continued in various assignments within the Department of Dakota for six more years. In September 1884, he became a professor of military science and tactics at Virginia Agricultural College (now known as Virginia Tech in Blacksburg, Virginia). In February 1884, Gresham returned to the 7th Cavalry. In late December 1890, he took part in the Battle of Wounded Knee and led a party into a ravine to attack Native Americans hidden there. For his gallant action, he was awarded the Medal of Honor in March 1899. The citation reads “Voluntarily led a party into a ravine to dislodge Sioux Indians concealed therein. He was wounded during this action.”
John Gresham was promoted to captain in April 1892 and moved with the regiment to Arizona. In December 1896, he served as a professor of military science and tactics at the North Carolina College of Agriculture and Mechanical Arts (now known as North Carolina State University) at Raleigh, until rejoining the regiment in Havana, Cuba, in March 1899.
Between 1901 and 1911, Gresham was promoted to major and lieutenant colonel and served three tours in the Philippines during the Philippine-American War. In August 1911, he was promoted to colonel and soon took command of the 10th Cavalry at Fort Ethan Allen, Vermont. In December 1913, he took command of Fort Huachuca, Arizona. From August 1914 until he retired in September 1915, Gresham was in charge of militia affairs for the Western Department.
John C. Gresham signed his SAR application on February 8, 1894. His National number is 6972 and his District of Columbia Society number is 472. His SAR patriot ancestor was William Chowning of Lancaster, Virginia, who served as a surgeon’s mate on the “Tartar,” 1779-1780. There is a note on Gresham’s application that tells of William Chowning “while on leave of absence in his native country was captured by the British, but escaped from the man-of-war by jumping overboard and swimming ashore.”
Colonel John C. Gresham died on September 2, 1926, in San Diego, California, at the age of seventy-four. He is buried in the San Francisco National Cemetery, a U.S. National Cemetery, located in the Presidio of San Francisco, California.
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|
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Your guide to the social networks your kids use
Stay up to date and keep your child safe in today's digital world. The internet is like a magician’s hat. It's full of exciting things to explore and children love it. But whilst they seem to know what they’re doing, sometimes it’s hard for parents to keep track.
The NSPCC & O2 have got lots of tips and advice. They also are running workshops to help you have the right conversations with your children. They even have a free helpline to give you personal advice whenever you need it.
If you have concerns or want to find out more follow the link:
|Key Stage 1
Me Online e-safety content
7 Interactive high quality activities on e-safety, e-security and digital literacy for Key Stage 1.
|Key Stage 2
Our Online World e-safety content
12 Interactive high quality activities on e-safety, e-security and digital literacy for Key Stage 2.
National Online Safety: nationalonlinesafety.com
The Parent Zone: theparentzone.co.uk
Childnet International: childnet.com
Vodafone Digital Parenting: vodafone.com/parents
UK Safer Internet Centre: saferinternet.org.uk/parents
Snapchat, is the social media app which has been flagged by the NSPCC & the Humberside Police as being one of the main sources of online grooming incidents over the past 6 months in the region.
Snapchat is a photo sharing app for mobile phones and tablets. The app allows users to share images, videos and chat with friends. Users can share images and videos directly to specific friends, or through a ‘story’ shared with their entire friend list, which documents the last 24 hours. In a study, Snapchat was ranked the 4th most negative app in terms of having an impact on young people’s health and wellbeing, with children feeling that they can use the app Snapchat to “make you look pretty”.
This guide informs parents about the dangers associated with the social media platform and how they can reduce the associated risks, including sexting, snap map and snap streaks.
You can download the guide here:
National Online Safety has created a free guide for parents & carers for your school to share about ‘Fortnite Battle Royale– a game played by millions of children and young people worldwide.
This guide is designed to inform parents and carers about the dangers and risks of letting their children play fortnite and how they can help keep their children safe online.
For more information about how to keep your child safe online at home follow the link to the National Online Safety guides:
Or look out for the E- Safety Parent Coffee Mornings
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| 0.923649
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| 3.0625
| 3
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