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twg_000000031500 | a general summons to be issued, through the sheriffs and other officials, to come together on a fixed day (of which at least forty days notice shall be given) and at a fixed place. In all letters of summons, the cause of the summons will be stated. When a summons has been issued, the business appointed for the day shall | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031501 | go forward in accordance with the resolution of those present, even if not all those who were summoned have appeared. () In future we will allow no one to levy an aid from his free men, except to ransom his person, to make his eldest son a knight, and (once) to marry his eldest daughter. For these purposes only a | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031502 | reasonable aid may be levied. () No man shall be forced to perform more service for a knights fee, or other free holding of land, than is due from it. () Ordinary lawsuits shall not follow the royal court around, but shall be held in a fixed place. () Inquests of novel disseisin, mort dancestor, and darrein presentment shall be | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031503 | taken only in their proper county court. We ourselves, or in our absence abroad our chief justice, will send two justices to each county four times a year, and these justices, with four knights of the county elected by the county itself, shall hold the assizes in the county court, on the day and in the place where the court | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031504 | meets. () If any assizes cannot be taken on the day of the county court, as many knights and freeholders shall afterwards remain behind, of those who have attended the court, as will suffice for the administration of justice, having regard to the volume of business to be done. () For a trivial offence, a free man shall be fined | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031505 | only in proportion to the degree of his offence, and for a serious offence correspondingly, but not so heavily as to deprive him of his livelihood. In the same way, a merchant shall be spared his merchandise, and a husbandman the implements of his husbandry, if they fall upon the mercy of a royal court. None of these fines shall | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031506 | be imposed except by the assessment on oath of reputable men of the neighbourhood. () Earls and barons shall be fined only by their equals, and in proportion to the gravity of their offence. () A fine imposed upon the lay property of a clerk in holy orders shall be assessed upon the same principles, without reference to the value | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031507 | of his ecclesiastical benefice. () No town or person shall be forced to build bridges over rivers except those with an ancient obligation to do so. () No sheriff, constable, coroners, or other royal officials are to hold lawsuits that should be held by the royal justices. () Every county, hundred, wapentake, and tithing shall remain at its ancient rent, | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031508 | without increase, except the royal demesne manors. () If at the death of a man who holds a lay fee of the Crown, a sheriff or royal official produces royal letters patent of summons for a debt due to the Crown, it shall be lawful for them to seize and list movable goods found in the lay fee of the | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031509 | dead man to the value of the debt, as assessed by worthy men. Nothing shall be removed until the whole debt is paid, when the residue shall be given over to the executors to carry out the dead mans will. If no debt is due to the Crown, all the movable goods shall be regarded as the property of the | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031510 | dead man, except the reasonable shares of his wife and children. () If a free man dies intestate, his movable goods are to be distributed by his next-of-kin and friends, under the supervision of the Church. The rights of his debtors are to be preserved. () No constable or other royal official shall take corn or other movable goods from | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031511 | any man without immediate payment, unless the seller voluntarily offers postponement of this. () No constable may compel a knight to pay money for castle-guard if the knight is willing to undertake the guard in person, or with reasonable excuse to supply some other fit man to do it. A knight taken or sent on military service shall be excused | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031512 | from castle-guard for the period of this service. () No sheriff, royal official, or other person shall take horses or carts for transport from any free man, without his consent. () Neither we nor any royal official will take wood for our castle, or for any other purpose, without the consent of the owner. () We will not keep the | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031513 | lands of people convicted of felony in our hand for longer than a year and a day, after which they shall be returned to the lords of the fees concerned. () All fish-weirs shall be removed from the Thames, the Medway, and throughout the whole of England, except on the sea coast. () The writ called precipe shall not in | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031514 | future be issued to anyone in respect of any holding of land, if a free man could thereby be deprived of the right of trial in his own lords court. () There shall be standard measures of wine, ale, and corn (the London quarter), throughout the kingdom. There shall also be a standard width of dyed cloth, russett, and haberject, | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031515 | namely two ells within the selvedges. Weights are to be standardised similarly. () In future nothing shall be paid or accepted for the issue of a writ of inquisition of life or limbs. It shall be given gratis, and not refused. () If a man holds land of the Crown by fee-farm, socage, or burgage, and also holds land of | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031516 | someone else for knights service, we will not have guardianship of his heir, nor of the land that belongs to the other persons fee, by virtue of the fee-farm, socage, or burgage, unless the fee-farm owes knights service. We will not have the guardianship of a mans heir, or of land that he holds of someone else, by reason of | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031517 | any small property that he may hold of the Crown for a service of knives, arrows, or the like. () In future no official shall place a man on trial upon his own unsupported statement, without producing credible witnesses to the truth of it. () No free man shall be seized or imprisoned, or stripped of his rights or possessions, | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031518 | or outlawed or exiled, or deprived of his standing in any other way, nor will we proceed with force against him, or send others to do so, except by the lawful judgement of his equals or by the law of the land. () To no one will we sell, to no one deny or delay right or justice. () All | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031519 | merchants may enter or leave England unharmed and without fear, and may stay or travel within it, by land or water, for purposes of trade, free from all illegal exactions, in accordance with ancient and lawful customs. This, however, does not apply in time of war to merchants from a country that is at war with us. Any such merchants | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031520 | found in our country at the outbreak of war shall be detained without injury to their persons or property, until we or our chief justice have discovered how our own merchants are being treated in the country at war with us. If our own merchants are safe they shall be safe too. () In future it shall be lawful for | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031521 | any man to leave and return to our kingdom unharmed and without fear, by land or water, preserving his allegiance to us, except in time of war, for some short period, for the common benefit of the realm. People that have been imprisoned or outlawed in accordance with the law of the land, people from a country that is at | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031522 | war with us, and merchants - who shall be dealt with as stated above - are excepted from this provision. () If a man holds lands of any escheat such as the honour of Wallingford, Nottingham, Boulogne, Lancaster, or of other escheats in our hand that are baronies, at his death his heir shall give us only the relief and | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031523 | service that he would have made to the baron, had the barony been in the barons hand. We will hold the escheat in the same manner as the baron held it. () People who live outside the forest need not in future appear before the royal justices of the forest in answer to general summonses, unless they are actually involved | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031524 | in proceedings or are sureties for someone who has been seized for a forest offence. () We will appoint as justices, constables, sheriffs, or other officials, only men that know the law of the realm and are minded to keep it well. () All barons who have founded abbeys, and have charters of English kings or ancient tenure as evidence | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031525 | of this, may have guardianship of them when there is no abbot, as is their due. () All forests that have been created in our reign shall at once be disafforested. River-banks that have been enclosed in our reign shall be treated similarly. () All evil customs relating to forests and warrens, foresters, warreners, sheriffs and their servants, or river-banks | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031526 | and their wardens, are at once to be investigated in every county by twelve sworn knights of the county, and within forty days of their enquiry the evil customs are to be abolished completely and irrevocably. But we, or our chief justice if we are not in England, are first to be informed. () We will at once return all | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031527 | hostages and charters delivered up to us by Englishmen as security for peace or for loyal service. Strange characters may have ended here. SINCE WE HAVE GRANTED ALL THESE THINGS for God, for the better ordering of our kingdom, and to allay the discord that has arisen between us and our barons, and since we desire that they shall be | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031528 | enjoyed in their entirety, with lasting strength, for ever, we give and grant to the barons the following security: * The barons shall elect twenty-five of their number to keep, and cause to be observed with all their might, the peace and liberties granted and confirmed to them by this charter. * If we, our chief justice, our officials, or | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031529 | any of our servants offend in any respect against any man, or transgress any of the articles of the peace or of this security, and the offence is made known to four of the said twenty-five barons, they shall come to us - or in our absence from the kingdom to the chief justice - to declare it and claim | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031530 | immediate redress. If we, or in our absence abroad the chief justice, make no redress within forty days, reckoning from the day on which the offence was declared to us or to him, the four barons shall refer the matter to the rest of the twenty-five barons, who may distrain upon and assail us in every way possible, with the | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031531 | support of the whole community of the land, by seizing our castles, lands, possessions, or anything else saving only our own person and those of the queen and our children, until they have secured such redress as they have determined upon. Having secured the redress, they may then resume their normal obedience to us. * Any man who so desires | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031532 | may take an oath to obey the commands of the twenty-five barons for the achievement of these ends, and to join with them in assailing us to the utmost of his power. We give public and free permission to take this oath to any man who so desires, and at no time will we prohibit any man from taking it. | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031533 | Indeed, we will compel any of our subjects who are unwilling to take it to swear it at our command. * If one of the twenty-five barons dies or leaves the country, or is prevented in any other way from discharging his duties, the rest of them shall choose another baron in his place, at their discretion, who shall be | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031534 | duly sworn in as they were. * In the event of disagreement among the twenty-five barons on any matter referred to them for decision, the verdict of the majority present shall have the same validity as a unanimous verdict of the whole twenty-five, whether these were all present or some of those summoned were unwilling or unable to appear. * | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031535 | The twenty-five barons shall swear to obey all the above articles faithfully, and shall cause them to be obeyed by others to the best of their power. * We will not seek to procure from anyone, either by our own efforts or those of a third party, anything by which any part of these concessions or liberties might be revoked | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031536 | or diminished. Should such a thing be procured, it shall be null and void and we will at no time make use of it, either ourselves or through a third party. We have remitted and pardoned fully to all men any ill-will, hurt, or grudges that have arisen between us and our subjects, whether clergy or laymen, since the beginning | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031537 | of the dispute. We have in addition remitted fully, and for our own part have also pardoned, to all clergy and laymen any offences committed as a result of the said dispute between Easter AD and the restoration of peace. In addition we have caused letters patent to be made for the barons, bearing witness to this security and to | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031538 | the concessions set out above, over the seals of Stephen archbishop of Canterbury, Henry archbishop of Dublin, the other bishops named above, and Master Pandulf. IT IS ACCORDINGLY OUR WISH AND COMMAND that the English Church shall be free, and that men in our kingdom shall have and keep all these liberties, rights, and concessions, well and peaceably in their | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031539 | fulness and entirety for them and their heirs, of us and our heirs, in all things and all places for ever. Both we and the barons have sworn that all this shall be observed in good faith and without deceit. Witness the above mentioned people and many others. Given by our hand in the meadow that is called Runnymede, between | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031540 | Windsor and Staines, on the fifteenth day of June in the seventeenth year of our reign. here may be an error . If any one holding of us a lay fief shall die, and our sheriff or bailiff shall exhibit our letters patent of summons for a debt which the deceased owed to us, it shall be lawful for our | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031541 | sheriff or bailiff to attach and catalogue chattels of the deceased, found upon the lay fief, to the value of that debt, at the sight of law-worthy men, provided always that nothing whatever be then be removed until the debt which is evident shall be fully paid to us; and the residue shall be left to the executors to fulfil | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031542 | the will of the deceased; and if there be nothing due from him to us, all the chattels shall go to the deceased, saving to his wife and children their reasonable shares. . If any freeman shall die intestate, his chattels shall be distributed by the hands of his nearest kinsfolk and friends, under supervision of the church, saving to | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031543 | every one the debts which the deceased owed to him. . No constable or other bailiff of ours shall take corn or other provisions from any one without immediately tendering money therefor, unless he can have postponement thereof by permission of the seller. . No constable shall compel any knight to give money in lieu of castle-guard, when he is | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031544 | willing to perform it in his own person, or (if he cannot do it from any reasonable cause) then by another responsible man. Further, if we have led or sent him upon military service, he shall be relieved from guard in proportion to the time during which he has been on service because of us. . No sheriff or bailiff | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031545 | of ours, or other person, shall take the horses or carts of any freeman for transport duty, against the will of the said freeman. . Neither we nor our bailiffs shall take, for our castles or for any other work of ours, wood which is not ours, against the will of the owner of that wood. . We will not | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031546 | retain beyond one year and one day, the lands of those who have been convicted of felony, and the lands shall thereafter be handed over to the lords of the fiefs. . All kiddles for the future shall be removed altogether from Thames and Medway, and throughout all England, except upon the seashore. . The writ which is called praecipe | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031547 | shall not for the future be issued to any one, regarding any tenement whereby a freeman may lose his court. . Let there be one measure of wine throughout our whole realm; and one measure of ale; and one measure of corn, to wit, the London quarter; and one width of cloth (whether dyed, or russet, or halberget), to wit, | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031548 | two ells within the selvages; of weights also let it be as of measures. . Nothing in future shall be given or taken for a writ of inquisition of life or limbs, but freely it shall be granted, and never denied. . If any one holds of us by fee-farm, by socage, or by burgage, and holds also land of | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031549 | another lord by knights service, we will not (by reason of that fee-farm, socage, or burgage) have the wardship of the heir, or of such land of his as is of the fief of that other; nor shall we have wardship of that fee-farm, socage, or burgage, unless such fee-farm owes knights service. We will not by reason of any | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031550 | small serjeanty which any one may hold of us by the service of rendering to us knives, arrows, or the like, have wardship of his heir of the land which he holds of another lord by knights service. . No bailiff for the future shall, upon his own unsupported complaint, put any one to his law, without credible witnesses brought | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031551 | for this purpose. . No freeman shall be taken or imprisoned or disseised or exiled or in anyway destroyed, nor will we go upon him nor send upon him, except by the lawful judgment of his peers or by the law of the land. . To no one will we sell, to no one will we refuse or delay, right | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031552 | or justice. . All merchants shall have safe and secure exit from England, and entry to England, with the right to tarry there and to move about as well by land as by water, for buying and selling by the ancient and right customs, quit from all evil tolls, except (in time of war) such merchants as are of the | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031553 | land at war with us. And if such are found in our land at the beginning of the war, they shall be detained, without injury to their bodies or goods, until information be received by us, or by our chief justiciar, how the merchants of our land found in the land at war with us are treated; and if our | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031554 | men are safe there, the others shall be safe in our land. . It shall be lawful in future for any one (excepting always those imprisoned or outlawed in accordance with the law of the kingdom, and natives of any country at war with us, and merchants, who shall be treated as is above provided) to leave our kingdom and | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031555 | to return, safe and secure by land and water, except for a short period in time of war, on grounds of public policyreserving always the allegiance due to us. . If any one holding of some escheat (such as the honor of Wallingford, Nottingham, Boulogne, Lancaster, or of other escheats which are in our hands and are baronies) shall die, | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031556 | his heir shall give no other relief, and perform no other service to us than he would have done to the baron, if that barony had been in the barons hand; and we shall hold it in the same manner in which the baron held it. . Men who dwell without the forest need not henceforth come before our justiciars | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031557 | of the forest upon a general summons, except those who are impleaded, or who have become sureties for any person or persons attached for forest offenses. . We will appoint as justices, constables, sheriffs, or bailiffs only such as know the law of the realm and mean to observe it well. . All barons who have founded abbeys, concerning which | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031558 | they hold charters from the kings of England, or of which they have long-continued possession, shall have the wardship of them, when vacant, as they ought to have. . All forests that have been made such in our time shall forthwith be disafforested; and a similar course shall be followed with regard to river-banks that have been placed in defense | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031559 | by us in our time. . All evil customs connected with forests and warrens, foresters and warreners, sheriffs and their officers, river-banks and their wardens, shall immediately be inquired into in each county by twelve sworn knights of the same county chosen by the honest men of the same county, and shall, within forty days of the said inquest, be | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031560 | utterly abolished, so as never to be restored, provided always that we previously have intimation thereof, or our justiciar, if we should not be in England. . We will immediately restore all hostages and charters delivered to us by Englishmen, as sureties of the peace or of faithful service. . We will entirely remove from their bailiwicks, the relations of | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031561 | Gerard Athee (so that in future they shall have no bailiwick in England); namely, Engelard of Cigogne, Peter, Guy, and Andrew of Chanceaux, Guy of Cigogne, Geofrrey of Martigny with his brothers, Philip Mark with his brothers and his nephew Geoffrey, and the whole brood of the same. . As soon as peace is restored, we will banish from the | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031562 | kingdom all foreign-born knights, cross-bowmen, serjeants, and mercenary soldiers, who have come with horses and arms to the kingdoms hurt. . If any one has been dispossessed or removed by us, without the legal judgment of his peers, from his lands, castles, franchises, or from his right, we will immediately restore them to him; and if a dispute arise over | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031563 | this, then let it be decided by the five-and-twenty barons of whom mention is made below in the clause for securing the peace. Moreover, for all those possessions, from which any one has, without the lawful judgment of his peers, be endisseised or removed, by our father, King Henry, or by our brother, King Richard, and which we retain in | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031564 | our hand (or which are possessed by others, to whom we are bound to warrant them) we shall have respite until the usual term of crusaders; excepting those things about which a plea has been raised, or an inquest made by our order, before our taking of the cross; but as soon as were turn from our expedition (or if | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031565 | perchance we desist from the expedition) we will immediately grant full justice therein. . We shall have, moreover, the same respite and in the same manner in rendering justice concerning the disafforestation or retention of those forests which Henry our father and Richard our brother afforested, and concerning wardship of lands which are of the fief of another (namely, such | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031566 | wardships as we have hitherto had by reason of a fief which any one held of us by knights service), and concerning abbeys founded on other fiefs than our own, in which the lord of the fief claims to have right; and when we have returned, or if we desist from our expedition, we will immediately grant full justice to | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031567 | all who complain of such things. . No one shall be arrested or imprisoned upon the appeal of a woman, for the death of any other than her husband. . All fines made with us unjustly and against the law of the land, and all amercements imposed unjustly and against the law of the land, shall be entirely remitted, or | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031568 | else it shall be done concerning them according to the decision of the five-and-twenty barons of whom mention is made below in the clause for securing the peace, or according to the judgment of the majority of the same, along with the aforesaid Stephen, archbishop of Canterbury, if he can be present, and such others as he may wish to | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031569 | bring with him for this purpose, and if he cannot be present the business shall nevertheless proceed without him, provided always that if any one or more of the aforesaid five-and-twenty barons are in a similar suit, they shall be removed as far as concerns this particular judgment, others being substituted in their places after having been selected by the | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031570 | rest of the same five-and-twenty for this purpose only, and after having been sworn. . If we have disseised or removed Welshmen from lands or liberties, or other things, without the legal judgment of their peers in England or in Wales, they shall be immediately restored to them; and if a dispute arise over this, then let it be decided | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031571 | in the marches by the judgment of their peers; for tenements in England according to the law of England, for tenements in Wales according to the law of Wales, and for tenements in the marches according to the law of the marches. Welshmen shall do the same to us and ours. . Further, for all those possessions from which any | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031572 | Welshman has, without the lawful judgment of his peers, been disseised or removed by King Henry our father or King Richard our brother, and which we retain in our hand (or which are possessed by others, to whom we are bound to warrant them) we shall have respite until the usual term of crusaders; excepting those things about which a | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031573 | plea has been raised or an inquest made by our order before we took the cross; but as soon as we return (or if perchance we desist from our expedition), we will immediately grant full justice in accordance with the laws of the Welsh and in relation to the foresaid regions. . We will immediately give up the son of | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031574 | Llywelyn and all the hostages of Wales, and the charters delivered to us as security for the peace. . We will do toward Alexander, King of Scots, concerning the return of his sisters and his hostages, and concerning his franchises, and his right, in the same manner as we shall do toward our other barons of England, unless it ought | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031575 | to be otherwise according to the charters which we hold from William his father, formerly King of Scots; and this shall be according to the judgment of his peers in our court. . Moreover, all these aforesaid customs and liberties, the observance of which we have granted in our kingdom as far as pertains to us toward our men, shall | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031576 | be observed by all of our kingdom, as well clergy as laymen, as far as pertains to them toward their men. . Since, moreover, for God and the amendment of our kingdom and for the better allaying of the quarrel that has arisen between us and our barons, we have granted all these concessions, desirous that they should enjoy them | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031577 | in complete and firm endurance for ever, we give and grant to them the underwritten security, namely, that the barons choose five-and-twenty barons of the kingdom, whomsoever they will, who shall be bound with all their might, to observe and hold, and cause to be observed, the peace and liberties we have granted and confirmed to them by this our | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031578 | present Charter, so that if we, or our justiciar, or our bailiffs or any one of our officers, shall in anything be at fault toward any one, or shall have broken any one of the articles of the peace or of this security, and the offense be notified to four barons of the foresaid five-and-twenty, the said four barons shall | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031579 | repair to us (or our justiciar, if we are out of the realm) and, laying the transgression before us, petition to have that transgression redressed without delay. And if we shall not have corrected the transgression (or, in the event of our being out of the realm, if our justiciar shall not have corrected it) within forty days, reckoning from | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031580 | the time it has been intimated to us (or to our justiciar, if we should be out of the realm), the four barons aforesaid shall refer that matter to the rest of the five-and-twenty barons, and those five-and-twenty barons shall, together with the community of the whole land, distrain and distress us in all possible ways, namely, by seizing our | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031581 | castles, lands, possessions, and in any other way they can, until redress has been obtained as they deem fit, saving harmless our own person, and the persons of our queen and children; and when redress has been obtained, they shall resume their old relations toward us. And let whoever in the country desires it, swear to obey the orders of | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031582 | the said five-and-twenty barons for the execution of all the aforesaid matters, and along with them, to molest us to the utmost of his power; and we publicly and freely grant leave to every one who wishes to swear, and we shall never forbid any one to swear. All those, moreover, in the land who of themselves and of their | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031583 | own accord are unwilling to swear to the twenty-five to help them in constraining and molesting us, we shall by our command compel the same to swear to the effect aforesaid. And if any one of the five-and-twenty barons shall have died or departed from the land, or be incapacitated in any other manner which would prevent the foresaid provisions | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031584 | being carried out, those of the said twenty-five barons who are left shall choose another in his place according to their own judgment, and he shall be sworn in the same way as the others. Further, in all matters, the execution of which is intrusted to these twenty-five barons, if perchance these twenty-five are present, that which the majority of | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031585 | those present ordain or command shall be held as fixed and established, exactly as if the whole twenty-five had concurred in this; and the said twenty-five shall swear that they will faithfully observe all that is aforesaid, and cause it to be observed with all their might. And we shall procure nothing from any one, directly or indirectly, whereby any | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031586 | part of these concessions and liberties might be revoked or diminished; and if any such thing has been procured, let it be void and null, and we shall never use it personally or by another. . And all the ill-will, hatreds, and bitterness that have arisen between us and our men, clergy and lay, from the date of the quarrel, | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031587 | we have completely remitted and pardoned every one. Moreover, all trespasses occasioned by the said quarrel, from Easter in the sixteenth year of our reign till the restoration of peace, we have fully remitted to all, both clergy and laymen, and completely forgiven, as far as pertains to us. And, on this head, we have caused to be made for | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031588 | them letters testimonial patent of the lord Stephen, archbishop of Canterbury, of the lord Henry, archbishop of Dublin, of the bishops aforesaid, and of Master Pandulf as touching this security and the concessions aforesaid. . Wherefore it is our will, and we firmly enjoin, that the English Church be free, and that the men in our kingdom have and hold | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031589 | all the aforesaid liberties, rights, and concessions, well and peaceably, freely and quietly, fully and wholly, for themselves and their heirs, of us and our heirs, in all respects and in all places for ever, as is aforesaid. An oath, moreover, has been taken, as well on our part as on the part of the barons, that all these conditions | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031590 | aforesaid shall be kept in good faith and without evil intent. Given under our handthe above-named and many others being witnessesin the meadow which is called Runnymede, between Windsor and Staines, on the fifteenth day of June, in the seventeenth year of our reign. The text of THE MAGNA CARTA The Magna Carta (The Great Charter): Preamble: John, by the | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031591 | grace of God, king of England, lord of Ireland, duke of Normandy and Aquitaine, and count of Anjou, to the archbishop, bishops, abbots, earls, barons, justiciaries, foresters, sheriffs, stewards, servants, and to all his bailiffs and liege subjects, greetings. Know that, having regard to God and for the salvation of our soul, and those of all our ancestors and heirs, | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031592 | and unto the honor of God and the advancement of his holy Church and for the rectifying of our realm, we have granted as underwritten by advice of our venerable fathers, Stephen, archbishop of Canterbury, primate of all England and cardinal of the holy Roman Church, Henry, archbishop of Dublin, William of London, Peter of Winchester, Jocelyn of Bath and | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031593 | Glastonbury, Hugh of Lincoln, Walter of Worcester, William of Coventry, Benedict of Rochester, bishops; of Master Pandulf, subdeacon and member of the household of our lord the Pope, of brother Aymeric (master of the Knights of the Temple in England), and of the illustrious men William Marshal, earl of Pembroke, William, earl of Salisbury, William, earl of Warenne, William, earl | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031594 | of Arundel, Alan of Galloway (constable of Scotland), Waren Fitz Gerold, Peter Fitz Herbert, Hubert De Burgh (seneschal of Poitou), Hugh de Neville, Matthew Fitz Herbert, Thomas Basset, Alan Basset, Philip dAubigny, Robert of Roppesley, John Marshal, John Fitz Hugh, and others, our liegemen. . In the first place we have granted to God, and by this our present charter | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031595 | confirmed for us and our heirs forever that the English Church shall be free, and shall have her rights entire, and her liberties inviolate; and we will that it be thus observed; which is apparent from this that the freedom of elections, which is reckoned most important and very essential to the English Church, we, of our pure and unconstrained | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031596 | will, did grant, and did by our charter confirm and did obtain the ratification of the same from our lord, Pope Innocent III, before the quarrel arose between us and our barons: and this we will observe, and our will is that it be observed in good faith by our heirs forever. We have also granted to all freemen of | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031597 | our kingdom, for us and our heirs forever, all the underwritten liberties, to be had and held by them and their heirs, of us and our heirs forever. . If any of our earls or barons, or others holding of us in chief by military service shall have died, and at the time of his death his heir shall be | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031598 | full of age and owe relief, he shall have his inheritance by the old relief, to wit, the heir or heirs of an earl, for the whole baroncy of an earl by L100; the heir or heirs of a baron, L100 for a whole barony; the heir or heirs of a knight, 100s, at most, and whoever owes less let | 60 | gutenberg |
twg_000000031599 | him give less, according to the ancient custom of fees. . If, however, the heir of any one of the aforesaid has been under age and in wardship, let him have his inheritance without relief and without fine when he comes of age. . The guardian of the land of an heir who is thus under age, shall take from | 60 | gutenberg |
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