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Medical\tnutrition\ttherapy\nPrimary\tnutrition\ttherapy\tfor\tconstipation\tin\totherwise\thealthy\tpeople\tis\tconsumption\tof\tadequate\namounts\tof\tfluids\tand\tdietary\tfiber,\n\tsoluble\tand\tinsoluble.\tFiber\tincreases\tcolonic\tfecal\tfluid,\nmicrobial\tmass\t(which\taccounts\tfor\t60%\tto\t70%\tof\tstool\twe...
[ -0.003703102469444275, -0.03169285133481026, 0.06498158723115921, 0.014065863564610481, -0.05877825617790222, -0.01170897763222456, 0.1289696842432022, 0.033819444477558136, -0.013594950549304485, 0.018602510914206505, 0.08361778408288956, -0.07169888913631439, 0.03442955017089844, 0.04111...
rate\tof\tcolonic\ttransit.\tWith\tadequate\tintake\tof\tfluid,\tfiber\tmay\tsoften\tstools\tand\tmake\tthem\teasier\tto\npass.\tDietary\treference\tintakes\t(DRIs)\trecommend\tconsumption\tof\t14\tg\tdietary\tfiber\tper\t1000\tkcal,\nor\t25\tg\tfor\tadult\twomen\tand\t38\tg\tfor\n\tadult\tmen.\tTypical\tintake\tof\tdi...
[ -0.0006555659347213805, 0.008094667457044125, 0.04495817795395851, -0.04339791461825371, -0.0618874616920948, -0.04616500437259674, 0.05211637541651726, -0.006881842389702797, 0.007850460708141327, 0.05027426406741142, 0.061207473278045654, -0.07813501358032227, 0.06183437630534172, 0.0619...
only\tabout\t16.2\tg/day\t(\nGrooms\tet\tal,\t2013\n).\nDietary\tfiber\n\trefers\tto\tedible\tplant\tmaterials\tnot\tdigested\tby\tthe\tenzymes\tin\tthe\tGI\ttract\tand\tis\ncategorized\tas\tsoluble\tor\tinsoluble.\t\nSoluble\tfiber\n\tforms\ta\tgel,\tacting\tto\tslow\tdigestion\tand\tdoes\tnot\ngenerally\thave\ta\tlax...
[ 0.017178045585751534, -0.044295940548181534, 0.031128276139497757, 0.0030008491594344378, -0.10826310515403748, -0.0043014343827962875, 0.08002118766307831, 0.006175441667437553, -0.015851899981498718, 0.01390321645885706, 0.06883382052183151, -0.027468837797641754, 0.024721305817365646, 0...
Insoluble\tfiber\n\tabsorbs\twater\tto\tadd\tbulk\tto\tstool\n\tand\taccelerate\nfecal\ttransit\tthrough\tthe\tintestines\t(\nBarco\tet\tal,\t2015\n).\tFiber\tconsists\tof\tcellulose,\themicellulose,\npectins,\tgums,\tlignins,\tstarchy\tmaterials,\tand\toligosaccharides\tthat\tare\tpartially\tresistant\tto
[ -0.03134626895189285, -0.020073160529136658, 0.04378306120634079, -0.045740678906440735, -0.05347590893507004, -0.0288899764418602, 0.10601277649402618, 0.006602288689464331, 0.0004504579119384289, 0.06368091702461243, 0.10000678896903992, -0.061009179800748825, 0.05472971871495247, 0.0163...
digestive\tenzymes.\tBoth\ttypes\tof\tfiber\tare\treadily\tavailable\tin\ta\twhole\tfoods\tdiet\tthat\tincludes\ta\nvariety\tof\twhole\tgrains,\tfruits,\tvegetables,\tlegumes,\tseeds,\tand\tnuts.\nA\thigh-fiber\n\ttherapeutic\tdiet\tmay\thave\tto\texceed\t25\tto\t38\tg/day.\tThe\t\nhigh-fiber\tdiet\n\tin\t\nBox\t27.4
[ 0.0384615957736969, -0.07876008003950119, 0.06581664085388184, 0.017194554209709167, -0.06385477632284164, -0.028254354372620583, 0.0721355453133583, -0.017928849905729294, -0.04695223644375801, 0.01552528515458107, 0.09765857458114624, -0.017066791653633118, -0.00008496704685967416, -0.03...
high-fiber\tdiet\n\tin\t\nBox\t27.4\nprovides\tmore\tthan\tthe\tamount\tof\tfiber\ttypically\trecommended.\tIt\tis\timportant\tto\tassess\tdietary\tfiber\nintake\tbefore\tmaking\trecommendations\tfor\tfiber\tsupplementation.\tIf\ta\tpatient\tis\talready\ttaking\t25\tto\n30\tg\tof\tdietary\tfiber\tdaily,\tfiber\tsupplem...
[ 0.01770430989563465, -0.07797624170780182, 0.07236160337924957, -0.018867840990424156, -0.0997089371085167, -0.023351194337010384, 0.09653493016958237, 0.007339103147387505, -0.0363762229681015, 0.027945643290877342, 0.08924663066864014, 0.03738182783126831, 0.027919083833694458, -0.000664...
being\n\tconsumed,\tfiber\tshould\tbe\tadded\tslowly\tin\tgraduated\tdoses\tto\teventually\treach\t25\tto\t30\tg\tper\nday.\tAmounts\tgreater\tthan\t50\tg/day\tare\tnot\tnecessary\tand\tmay\tincrease\tabdominal\tdistention\tand\nexcessive\tflatulence\tdue\tto\tfermentation\tby\tthe\tcolonic\tflora.\nBOX\t27.4\nGuidelin...
[ 0.035144343972206116, -0.05269380286335945, 0.10506705939769745, -0.04024260863661766, -0.09518946707248688, -0.031227711588144302, 0.1393168568611145, 0.003155857790261507, -0.07246694713830948, 0.06394010782241821, 0.07025928050279617, -0.03626159206032753, -0.002207153709605336, 0.04622...
BOX\t27.4\nGuidelines\tfor\tHigh-Fiber\tDiets\n1.\t\nIncrease\tconsumption\tof\twhole-grain\tbreads\tand\tcereals\tto\t6\tto\t11\tservings\tdaily.\n2.\t\nIncrease\n\tconsumption\tof\tvegetables,\tlegumes,\tfruits,\tnuts,\tand\tseeds\tto\t5\tto\t8\tservings\ndaily.\n3.\t\nConsume\thigh-fiber\tcereals,\tgranolas,\tand\tl...
[ -0.027581872418522835, -0.04588814079761505, 0.04589949548244476, -0.03761095553636551, -0.09415511786937714, -0.01595607027411461, 0.0414840392768383, -0.017000682651996613, -0.05392909422516823, 0.032817743718624115, 0.04178716242313385, 0.0041886186227202415, 0.03011808730661869, -0.010...
or\t38\tg\tin\tmen\tor\tmore\tdaily.\n4.\t\nIncrease\tconsumption\tof\tfluids\tto\tat\tleast\t2\tL\t(or\tabout\t2\tqt)\tdaily.\nNote:\tFollowing\tthese\tguidelines\tmay\tcause\tan\tincrease\tin\tstool\tweight,\tfecal\twater,\tand\tgas.\tThe\tamount\nthat\tcauses\n\tclinical\tsymptoms\tvaries\tamong\tindividuals,\tdepen...
[ 0.011221327818930149, -0.029647674411535263, 0.04449107125401497, -0.034054432064294815, -0.08194703608751297, -0.026429271325469017, 0.08308673650026321, -0.025788480415940285, 0.002511839149519801, 0.04717516154050827, 0.0669051930308342, -0.052464645355939865, 0.0651044249534607, 0.0240...
gastrointestinal\t(GI)\tdisease,\tmalnutrition,\tor\tresection\tof\tthe\tGI\ttract.\nBran\tand\tfiber\tsupplements\tmay\tbe\thelpful\tin\tpersons\twho\tcannot\tor\twill\tnot\teat\tsufficient\namounts\tof\tfiber-containing\tfoods.\tSeveral\tof\tthese\tcommercial\tfiber\tsupplements\tcan\tbe\tadded\tto\ncereals,\tyogurts...
[ 0.007524924352765083, -0.05335457995533943, 0.03995037451386452, 0.004697085358202457, -0.07132621109485626, 0.004144852515310049, 0.09974722564220428, -0.0188974030315876, -0.021755430847406387, 0.055994875729084015, 0.13703352212905884, -0.02006109245121479, 0.042828552424907684, -0.0003...
cereals,\tyogurts,\tfruit\tsauces,\tjuices,\tor\tsoups.\n\tCooking\tdoes\tnot\tdestroy\tfiber,\tbut\tthe\tstructure\tmay\nchange.\tRecommending\tthe\tconsumption\tof\tadequate\tdaily\tfluid\tintake\tis\talso\tvery\timportant\tin\nfacilitating\tthe\teffectiveness\tof\ta\thigh-fiber\tintake.\tGastric\tobstruction\tand\tf...
[ -0.013878550380468369, -0.12417744100093842, 0.08413737267255783, 0.005033060442656279, -0.09383516013622284, 0.009685158729553223, 0.08485162258148193, -0.0012589263496920466, -0.04209592938423157, 0.05898462235927582, 0.0999848023056984, -0.002432361477985978, 0.027834434062242508, 0.012...
occur\twhen\tboluses\tof\tfibrous\tgels\tor\tbran\tare\tnot\tconsumed\twith\tsufficient\tfluid\tto\tdisperse\tthe\nfiber.\nIncreasing\tdietary\tfiber\tfor\tlaxation\tis\tunlikely\n\tto\tprovide\trelief\tfor\tpatients\twith\tserious\ndysmotility\tsyndromes,\tneuromuscular\tdisorders,\tchronic\topioid\tuse,\tpelvic\tfloo...
[ -0.01822849176824093, -0.041998058557510376, 0.048017263412475586, -0.04611164703965187, -0.08821851760149002, 0.0023973542265594006, 0.036956965923309326, 0.07679826021194458, 0.024557165801525116, 0.049883853644132614, 0.09450263530015945, 0.03578973188996315, 0.05583582818508148, 0.0732...
serious\tGI\tdisease.\tIn\tconditions\tsuch\tas\tneuromuscular\tdisorders\tor\twith\tchronic\topioid\tuse,\ta\nspecific\tlaxative\tmedication\tregimen\tor\tgut\tmotility\tstimulator\tmedication\t(i.e.\tmethylnaltrexone)\nmay\tbe\ta\tnecessary\tpart\tof\tdisease\tmanagement.\nDiarrhea\nDiarrhea\n\tis\tdefined\tby\tthe\t...
[ -0.0016598241636529565, -0.046061381697654724, 0.04256543889641762, 0.0005560552817769349, -0.10378265380859375, -0.006278461776673794, 0.044581469148397446, 0.08021894097328186, -0.008708533830940723, 0.04384501650929451, 0.09358639270067215, 0.008715406991541386, 0.055567435920238495, 0....
liquid\tstools\tper\tday.\tDiarrhea\toccurs\twhen\tthere\tis\taccelerated\ttransit\tof\tintestinal\tcontents\tthrough\nthe\tsmall\tintestine,\tdecreased\tenzymatic\tdigestion\tof\tfoodstuffs,\tdecreased\tabsorption\tof\tfluids\tand\nnutrients,\tincreased\tsecretion\tof\tfluids\tinto\tthe\tGI\ttract,\tor\texudative\tlos...
[ 0.016708940267562866, -0.11638028174638748, 0.024755096063017845, 0.009693599306046963, -0.040578246116638184, 0.03220868483185768, 0.10689862072467804, 0.026987019926309586, -0.01256437785923481, 0.0221701692789793, 0.09068788588047028, -0.0658600926399231, 0.023339366540312767, 0.0205968...
Pathophysiology\n•\t\nDiarrhea\tmay\tbe\trelated\tto\tinflammatory\tdisease;\tinfections\twith\tfungal,\tbacterial,\tor\tviral\nagents;\tmedications;\toverconsumption\tof\tsugars\tor\tother\tosmotic\tsubstances;\tan\tallergic\nresponse\tto\ta\tfood;\tor\tinsufficient\tor\tdamaged\tmucosal\tabsorptive\tsurface.\tThere\t...
[ 0.01753024384379387, -0.0694490596652031, 0.03483133390545845, -0.00468788668513298, -0.09638457745313644, 0.027763567864894867, 0.07232099771499634, 0.024030694738030434, -0.013949744403362274, 0.07603354752063751, 0.10715978592634201, -0.05713650584220886, 0.03963188827037811, 0.06082573...
different\tsubtypes\tof\tdiarrhea\tassociated\twith\tvarious\tmedical\tconditions\tand/or\tsurgeries.\n•\t\nExudative\tdiarrheas\tare\n\talways\tassociated\twith\tmucosal\tdamage,\tleading\tto\tan\noutpouring\tof\tmucus,\tfluid,\tblood,\tand\tplasma\tproteins,\twith\ta\tnet\taccumulation\tof\nelectrolytes\tand\twater\t...
[ 0.06078171357512474, -0.07053466141223907, 0.05847820267081261, -0.020014790818095207, -0.08308771252632141, -0.009179006330668926, 0.09600095450878143, 0.003567876759916544, 0.011820785701274872, 0.015668999403715134, 0.08409224450588226, -0.052552178502082825, 0.045911382883787155, 0.042...
Diarrhea\tassociated\twith\tCrohn’s\tdisease,\tulcerative\tcolitis\t(UC),\tand\tradiation\nenteritis\tis\toften\texudative.\n•\t\nOsmotic\tdiarrheas\toccur\twhen\tosmotically\tactive\tsolutes\tare\n\tpresent\tin\tthe\tintestinal\ntract\tand\tare\tpoorly\tabsorbed.\tAn\texample\tis\tthe\tdiarrhea\tthat\taccompanies\tdum...
[ 0.023569921031594276, -0.06110581383109093, 0.09168924391269684, 0.009026657789945602, -0.10477183759212494, 0.0005054490175098181, 0.09277395159006119, -0.00011618351709330454, 0.0118072759360075, 0.019500993192195892, 0.057591672986745834, -0.03579548001289368, 0.06097138673067093, 0.049...
syndrome\tin\tsomeone\tthat\tconsumes\ta\tbeverage\tcontaining\tsimple\tsugars\tafter\thaving\nvarious\tGI-tract\tresections\tsuch\tas\ta\tBillroth\tII\tprocedure\t(gastrojejunostomy).\n•\t\nSecretory\tdiarrheas\tare\tthe\tresult\tof\tactive\tintestinal\tsecretion\tof\telectrolytes\tand
[ 0.012547189369797707, -0.06763087213039398, 0.02364262379705906, -0.0026031790766865015, -0.12485276907682419, -0.02141506038606167, 0.09798342734575272, 0.06349355727434158, -0.019357139244675636, 0.05437998101115227, 0.0832112655043602, -0.013576636090874672, 0.02311810292303562, 0.05030...
water\tby\tthe\tintestinal\tepithelium,\n\tresulting\tfrom\tbacterial\texotoxins,\tviruses,\tand\nincreased\tintestinal\thormone\tsecretion.\tUnlike\tosmotic\tdiarrhea,\tfasting\tdoes\tnot\nrelieve\tsecretory\tdiarrhea.\n•\t\nMalabsorptive\tdiarrheas\tresult\twhen\ta\tdisease\tprocess\timpairs\tdigestion\tor\tabsorptio...
[ 0.008187864907085896, -0.09338468313217163, 0.04928012937307358, 0.03349713236093521, -0.009859238751232624, 0.008148908615112305, 0.06351108849048615, 0.0640099048614502, -0.042917151004076004, 0.027749041095376015, 0.060155585408210754, -0.03692975267767906, 0.07284983992576599, 0.060161...
to\tthe\tpoint\tthat\tnutrients,\tsuch\tas\tfat,\tappear\tin\tthe\tstool\tin\tincreased\tamounts.\nExcess\tfat\tin\tthe\tstool\tis\tcalled\t\nsteatorrhea\n.\tDiarrhea\toccurs\tbecause\n\tof\tthe\tosmotic\naction\tof\tthese\tnutrients\tand\tthe\taction\tof\tthe\tbacteria\ton\tthe\tnutrients\tthat\tpass\tinto\nthe\tcolon...
[ 0.01989082060754299, -0.08998461067676544, 0.030998410657048225, -0.04339715465903282, -0.14493419229984283, 0.03636341169476509, 0.059712670743465424, -0.014228763990104198, 0.011842317879199982, 0.08479273319244385, 0.13710366189479828, -0.03974411264061928, 0.06132342666387558, 0.045843...
area\tor\tinadequate\tproduction\tor\tinterrupted\tflow\tof\tbile\tand\tpancreatic\tenzymes,\tor\nthere\tis\trapid\ttransit,\tsuch\tas\tin\tIBD\tor\tafter\textensive\tbowel\tresection.\t\nBox\t27.5\n\tlists\ndiseases\tand\tconditions\tassociated\n\twith\tmalabsorption\tand\tdiarrhea.\n•\t\nMedication-induced\tdiarrheas...
[ 0.03122318908572197, -0.023800699040293694, 0.04007876291871071, -0.007779872976243496, -0.07327302545309067, -0.010288278572261333, 0.08176681399345398, 0.05513301119208336, -0.01740463636815548, 0.041671428829431534, 0.10900069773197174, 0.045629795640707016, 0.039902158081531525, 0.0341...
Medications\tthat\tcause\tdiarrhea\tdo\tso\tby\tdifferent\tmechanisms.\tFor\texample,\nmedications\tsuch\tas\tlactulose\t(used\tin\tthe\tmanagement\tof\thepatic\tencephalopathy)\nand\tsodium\tpolystyrene\tsulfonate\twith\tsorbitol\t(used\tto\ttreat\thyperkalemia)\tcreate\nincreased\tbowel\tmovements\tas\tpart\n\tof\tth...
[ -0.00023274024715647101, -0.07705851644277573, 0.04955068230628967, -0.02191241830587387, -0.045585747808218, -0.005016006994992495, 0.030742209404706955, 0.10639259964227676, -0.04102915897965431, 0.03546057641506195, 0.042929451912641525, 0.004782164003700018, 0.05261789634823799, 0.0761...
of\ttheir\tmechanism\tof\taction.\tSome\tantibiotics\nhave\tdirect\teffects\ton\tGI\tfunction.\tExamples\tinclude\terythromycin,\twhich\tacts\tas\ta\nmotilin\tagonist\tand\tincreases\tlower\tGI\tmotility,\tas\twell\tas\tclarithromycin\tand\nclindamycin,\twhich\tincrease\tGI\tsecretions.\nBOX\t27.5\nDiseases\tand\tCondi...
[ -0.004507778212428093, -0.0624772273004055, 0.013428975827991962, -0.01797262765467167, -0.05432166904211044, -0.03704478591680527, 0.0677700862288475, 0.12185236066579819, 0.01667393371462822, 0.022220538929104805, 0.06305339932441711, -0.0051401895470917225, 0.0877164676785469, 0.0541434...
Inadequate\tdigestion\nPancreatic\tinsufficiency\nGastric\tacid\thypersecretion\nGastric\tresection\nAltered\tbile\tsalt\tmetabolism\twith\timpaired\tmicelle\tformation\nHepatobiliary\tdisease\nInterrupted\tenterohepatic\tcirculation\tof\tbile\tsalts\nBacterial\tovergrowth\nDrugs\tthat\tprecipitate\tbile\tsalts\nGeneti...
[ 0.06953199207782745, -0.09197244793176651, 0.027710793539881706, 0.014760282821953297, -0.07618590444326401, -0.02248430997133255, -0.0014749368419870734, 0.09867531061172485, -0.0759522095322609, 0.03326830640435219, 0.056653425097465515, -0.037642717361450195, 0.053876373916864395, 0.046...
Genetic\tabnormalities\tof\tmucosal\tcell\ttransport\nDisaccharidase\tdeficiency\nMonosaccharide\tmalabsorption\nSpecific\tdisorders\tof\tamino\tacid\tmalabsorption\nAbetalipoproteinemia\nVitamin\tB\n12\n\tmalabsorption\nCeliac\tdisease\nInflammatory\tor\tinfiltrative\tdisorders\nCrohn’s\tdisease\nAmyloidosis\nSclerode...
[ -0.0234257560223341, -0.09052470326423645, -0.021081773564219475, -0.01734423264861107, -0.08074045181274414, -0.010063583962619305, 0.02171824872493744, 0.06628989428281784, -0.06936482340097427, 0.06970449537038803, 0.09326989203691483, 0.004863927140831947, 0.018946653231978416, 0.03530...
Amyloidosis\nScleroderma\nTropical\tsprue\nGastrointestinal\tallergy\nInfectious\tenteritis\nWhipple\tdisease\nIntestinal\tlymphoma\nRadiation\tenteritis\nDrug-induced\tenteritis\nEndocrine\tand\tmetabolic\tdisorders\nShort-bowel\tsyndrome\t(SBS)\nAbnormalities\tof\tintestinal\tlymphatics\tand\tvascular\tsystem\nIntest...
[ 0.005860553123056889, -0.06340359151363373, 0.008471759036183357, 0.034556664526462555, -0.06367669254541397, -0.009353682398796082, 0.058520179241895676, 0.07841920852661133, -0.04071679338812828, 0.06696365773677826, 0.0487305149435997, 0.018172169104218483, 0.017233725637197495, 0.06607...
Intestinal\tlymphangiectasia\nMesenteric\tvascular\tinsufficiency\nChronic\tcongestive\theart\tfailure\nData\tfrom\tBeyer\tPL:\tShort\tbowel\tsyndrome.\tIn\tCoulston\tAM\tet\tal,\teditors:\t\nNutrition\tin\tthe\tprevention\tand\ntreatment\tof\tdisease\n,\ted\t1,\tSan\tDiego,\t2001,\tAcademic\tPress;\tBranski\tD\tet\tal...
[ -0.06949306279420853, -0.066527359187603, 0.05165204033255577, -0.03718505799770355, -0.022930854931473732, 0.009624474681913853, 0.051142606884241104, 0.08249189704656601, -0.09724285453557968, 0.004777341149747372, 0.09698941558599472, 0.01316969282925129, 0.01676749624311924, 0.05635958...
malabsorption,\t\nPediatr\tClin\tNorth\tAm\n\t43:307,\t1996;\tFine\tKD:\tDiarrhea.\tIn\tMitra\tAD\tet\tal:\n\tManagement\tof\ndiarrhea\tin\tHIV-infected\tpatients,\t\nInt\tJ\tSTD\tAIDS\n\t12:630,\t2001;\tPodolsky\tDK:\tInflammatory\tbowel\tdisease,
[ 0.009698278270661831, -0.037360094487667084, -0.004947531968355179, -0.04083350673317909, -0.05799234285950661, 0.000952711037825793, 0.07303542643785477, 0.14087170362472534, 0.021270738914608955, 0.03497599810361862, 0.028807619586586952, 0.025375155732035637, 0.09769601374864578, 0.0652...
N\tEngl\tJ\tMed\n\t347:417,\t2002;\tSundarum\tA\tet\tal:\tNutritional\tmanagement\tof\tshort\tbowel\tsyndrome\tin\nadults,\t\nJ\tClin\tGastroenterol\n\t34:207,\t2002.\nIn\tthose\twith\tunderlying\tillnesses\tsuch\tas\thuman\timmunodeficiency\tvirus\t(HIV)\tand\tother\timmune\ndeficiency\tstates,\tthe\tcauses\n\tof\tdia...
[ -0.03149085491895676, -0.001871369662694633, -0.017834434285759926, -0.03491148725152016, -0.005872740410268307, 0.0004914765013381839, 0.06080038473010063, 0.08227745443582535, -0.027334973216056824, 0.058918241411447525, 0.07312967628240585, 0.020888540893793106, 0.030717823654413223, 0....
of\tdiarrhea\tare\toften\tmultifactorial\tand\tcan\tinclude\tside\teffects\tof\nmedications,\tproliferation\tof\topportunistic\torganisms,\tand\tGI\tmanifestations\tof\tthe\tdisease\titself\n(\nPavie\tet\tal,\t2012\n)\t(see\t\nChapter\t36\n).\tIncreased\trisk\tof\topportunistic\tinfection\tis\talso\tassociated\twith
[ 0.038095623254776, -0.03464220091700554, 0.03204314038157463, -0.04142383113503456, -0.028923870995640755, 0.03396562859416008, 0.08837646245956421, -0.0016743092564865947, 0.0036953333765268326, 0.1269877403974533, 0.12778349220752716, -0.050519268959760666, 0.0262942872941494, 0.03431225...
).\tIncreased\trisk\tof\topportunistic\tinfection\tis\talso\tassociated\twith\nuse\tof\tantineoplastic\tagents\t(such\tas\tchemotherapy)\tor\tin\tthose\twith\tmalnutrition.\nAntibiotic-associated\tdiarrhea\nThe\thuman\n\tintestinal\ttract\tis\thome\tfor\ttrillions\tof\tbacteria\t\nmicrobiota\n\t(\nFig.\t27.2\n).\tIn\tt...
[ -0.04955574497580528, -0.050238434225320816, 0.03084835782647133, -0.022366372868418694, -0.08474795520305634, 0.02913135103881359, 0.04941077157855034, 0.09569115936756134, -0.03302103281021118, 0.07964801043272018, 0.13280318677425385, -0.09405355900526047, -0.006601512897759676, 0.07928...
microbiota\n\t(\nFig.\t27.2\n).\tIn\tthe\tnormal\tGI\ntract,\tcommensal\tgut\tmicrobiota\tferment\tsloughed\tintestinal\tcells\tand\tundigested\tfoodstuffs\tto\tgases\nand\tshort-chain\tfatty\tacids\t(SCFAs).\tAbsorption\tof\tSCFAs\tfacilitates\tabsorption\tof\telectrolytes\tand\nwater\tfrom\tthe\tcolon.\tBroad-spectru...
[ 0.002348031150177121, -0.06946716457605362, -0.015787377953529358, -0.04545723646879196, -0.033066339790821075, 0.03264514356851578, 0.02548328787088394, 0.042864684015512466, -0.008783308789134026, 0.08318885415792465, 0.12995146214962006, -0.06481708586215973, 0.016050467267632484, 0.097...
bowel\n\tand\tmay\tresult\tin\tdecreased\tfermentation\tbyproducts,\treducing\tthe\tabsorption\tof\telectrolytes\nand\twater,\tthereby\tcausing\tdiarrhea.\nFIG.\t27.2\nThe\thuman\tgut\tmicrobiota\n\tSource:\t(Illustration\tby\tDavid\tSchumick,\tBS,\tCMI.\tCleveland\tClinic\tCenter\tfor\tMedical\nArt\t&\tPhotography\t©2...
[ 0.004840696696192026, -0.034513458609580994, 0.06196315214037895, -0.02717435173690319, -0.04657675325870514, -0.05815993621945381, 0.050692103803157806, 0.05156249925494194, 0.000007363914392044535, 0.03470930829644203, 0.09147125482559204, -0.026445608586072922, 0.027484005317091942, 0.0...
Some\tantibiotics\tallow\tproliferation\tof\topportunistic\tpathogenic\tmicroorganisms\tnormally\nsuppressed\tby\tcompetitive\tmicroorganisms\tin\tthe\tGI\ttract.\tThe\ttoxins\tproduced\tby\tsome\nopportunistic\n\tmicroorganisms\tcan\tcause\tcolitis\tand\tincreased\tsecretion\tof\tfluid\tand\telectrolytes.\tA\nrise\tin...
[ 0.003492657095193863, -0.08535339683294296, 0.028953487053513527, -0.032405853271484375, -0.05193130671977997, -0.0037087255623191595, 0.07130485028028488, 0.03627670928835869, -0.006699161138385534, 0.0695941150188446, 0.10965625196695328, -0.0956171527504921, -0.008407777175307274, 0.096...
rise\tin\tantibiotic\tuse\thas\tled\tto\tan\tincrease\tin\t\nantibiotic-associated\tdiarrhea\t(AAD)\n\tand\novergrowth\tof\t\nClostridium\tdifficile\n\twith\tresultant\t\nClostridium\tDifficile\t(C.\tDifficile)\n\tinfection\n(CDI)\n.\nC.\tdifficile\n\tis\ta\tspore-forming\torganism,\tand\tthe\tspores\tare\tresistant\tt...
[ 0.0007827159715816379, -0.040567249059677124, 0.021486299112439156, -0.034733302891254425, -0.04722428694367409, 0.06912923604249954, 0.023469217121601105, 0.05177684128284454, 0.012288842350244522, 0.11186361312866211, 0.11715257912874222, -0.06688721477985382, 0.00839271955192089, 0.0677...
agents.\tThe\tspore-forming\n\tability\tof\t\nC.\tdifficile\n\tallows\tthe\torganism\tto\tbe\tspread\tinadvertently\tto\nother\tpatients\tby\thealth\tcare\tproviders\t(iatrogenic\tinfection)\tif\tstrict\tinfection\tcontrol\tprocedures\nare\tnot\tfollowed.\tThe\tpresence\tof\tthis\tinfection\tis\tdetected\tby\tanalysis\...
[ 0.03452717885375023, -0.05973763018846512, -0.0014201101148501039, -0.026822978630661964, -0.10721991211175919, 0.021918514743447304, 0.08922732621431351, 0.008911659009754658, 0.012592026963829994, 0.08231927454471588, 0.12301751226186752, -0.03113125078380108, 0.06632163375616074, 0.0742...
presence\tof\tthe\ttoxin\tproduced\tby\tthe\torganisms.\tClindamycin,\tpenicillin,\tand\tcephalosporins\tare\nassociated\tmost\toften\twith\n\tthe\tdevelopment\tof\t\nC.\tdifficile\n\tinfection.\tIts\toccurrence\tdepends\ton\tthe\nnumber\tof\tantibiotics\tused,\tthe\tduration\tof\texposure\tto\tantibiotics,\tand\tthe\t...
[ 0.008874284103512764, -0.05038461089134216, 0.007670845836400986, -0.03696882724761963, -0.03709691762924194, 0.023329151794314384, 0.05805797874927521, 0.07469862699508667, 0.02446509338915348, 0.030335400253534317, 0.11445653438568115, -0.028877969831228256, 0.05308546498417854, 0.105038...
health.\tChronic\tsuppression\tof\tstomach\tacid\twith\tproton\tpump\tinhibitor\tmedications\tduring\tbroad-\nspectrum\tantibiotic\ttherapy\talso\tmay\tincrease\tsusceptibility\tto\tCDI\t(\nTarig\tet\tal,\t2017\n;\t\nTrifan\tet\tal,\n2017\n).\nC.\tdifficile\n\twas\n\thistorically\tconsidered\ta\tnosocomial\t(hospital-a...
[ -0.017637666314840317, -0.019378172233700752, 0.017370618879795074, -0.029959991574287415, -0.08083800971508026, 0.03187023848295212, 0.062299881130456924, 0.06681516766548157, -0.027452688664197922, 0.06501848995685577, 0.12659892439842224, -0.03825356066226959, 0.033473048359155655, 0.07...
associated\twith\tantibiotic\texposure.\tMore\trecently,\tits\tprevalence\thas\tincreased\tto\tinclude\ta\thigher\nincidence\tin\tpopulations\tpreviously\tconsidered\tat\tlow\trisk\t(\nDePestel\tand\tAronoff,\t2013\n).\t\nC.\tdifficile\nmay\tcause\tcolitis,\tsecretory\tdiarrhea,\tsevere\tdilation\tof\tthe\tcolon\t(toxi...
[ 0.015260178595781326, -0.057642076164484024, 0.011912376619875431, -0.04006483033299446, -0.08190303295850754, -0.004647456109523773, 0.06817449629306793, 0.02414633519947529, 0.023220473900437355, 0.018715152516961098, 0.09739387780427933, -0.05692387372255325, 0.051684796810150146, 0.070...
the\tbowel\twall,\n\tperitonitis,\tor\teven\tdeath\t(\nPattani\tet\tal,\t2013\n).\tAdding\tfurther\tcomplication\tto\neradicating\tCDI,\tresistant\tstrains\tare\tless\tsusceptible\tto\ttreatment\twith\tantimicrobials\tand\tcause\ta\nmore\tsevere\tform\tof\tthe\tdisease\twith\tincreased\thealth\tcare\tcosts\tand\thigher...
[ -0.032752372324466705, -0.02052067406475544, 0.05805174261331558, -0.03842182084918022, -0.09680714458227158, -0.021650109440088272, 0.060395050793886185, 0.005084048956632614, 0.01262609288096428, 0.04683474823832512, 0.08814610540866852, -0.008347830735147, 0.025510424748063087, 0.055344...
O’Keefe,\n2010\n).\nAccording\tto\tthe\tCenters\tfor\tDisease\tControl\tand\tPrevention\t(CDC),\t\nC.\tdifficile\n\twas\testimated\tto\ncause\talmost\n\t500,000\tinfections\tin\tthe\tUnited\tStates\tin\t2011\talone.\tOf\tthose,\t83,000\tpatients\npresented\twith\tat\tleast\tone\trecurrence,\tand\talmost\t29,000\tdied\t...
[ -0.01166480965912342, -0.005896890070289373, -0.002882507862523198, -0.0674738734960556, -0.11072394251823425, -0.026362786069512367, 0.06857364624738693, 0.059962980449199677, 0.01463166531175375, 0.033116232603788376, 0.10691145807504654, -0.028644787147641182, 0.039932046085596085, 0.00...
diagnosis.\tPrescribing\tunnecessary\tor\tincorrect\tantibiotics\toccurs\tin\t30%\tto\t50%\tof\thospitalized
[ -0.00029737770091742277, -0.051049668341875076, -0.033643510192632675, -0.03871183842420578, -0.0744500458240509, -0.03239164501428604, 0.06469781696796417, 0.11312687397003174, -0.0482499934732914, 0.00010265335731673986, 0.0685606524348259, -0.03981702774763107, 0.019104808568954468, 0.1...
patients\twho\treceive\tthem.\tThis\toversight\tis\tthought\tto\tbe\tan\timportant\tcontributor\tto\tincreased\trisk\nfor\tthis\tlife-threatening\tinfection\n\t(\nCDC,\t2015\n).\tFortunately,\twith\tincreased\tinfection\trisk\tprotocols,\ngreater\tprecautions\twith\tantibiotic\tuse,\tand\tclinician\tawareness,\tthere\t...
[ -0.037292852997779846, 0.0076981596648693085, 0.03185566887259483, -0.05346721410751343, -0.07682222127914429, -0.001269178232178092, 0.11559365689754486, 0.08383836597204208, -0.0009308705921284854, 0.01559401024132967, 0.10859119147062302, -0.05395317077636719, 0.032847318798303604, 0.05...
from\t2011\tto\t2014\t(\nCDC,\t2018\n).\tSee\t\nFig.\t27.3\n\tinfographic\treviewing\timportant\tdetails.\nFIG.\t27.3\nDeadly\tDiarrhea:\t\nC.\tDifficile\n\tcauses\timmense\tsuffering,\tdeath\t(CDC,\t2015).\nMedical\tmanagement\nBecause\tdiarrhea\tis\ta\tsymptom,\tnot\ta\tdisease,\tthe\tfirst\tstep\tin\tmedical\ttreatm...
[ 0.0080867363139987, -0.012807919643819332, 0.03203714266419411, -0.055623169988393784, -0.09800233691930771, -0.008363993838429451, 0.03572629764676094, 0.07934892177581787, 0.029565175995230675, 0.061186354607343674, 0.10202004760503769, -0.022659996524453163, 0.05755335092544556, 0.02525...
treat\tthe\tunderlying\tproblem.\tThe\tnext\tgoal\tis\tto\tmanage\tfluid\tand\telectrolyte\treplacement.\tIn\tcases\nof\tsevere\tdiarrhea,\trestoring\tfluid\tand\telectrolytes\tis\tfirst\tpriority.\tElectrolyte\n\tlosses,\tespecially\npotassium\tand\tsodium,\tshould\tbe\tcorrected\tearly\tby\tusing\toral\tglucose\telec...
[ -0.031063955277204514, -0.03024686500430107, 0.08496086299419403, -0.030235126614570618, -0.07237455993890762, -0.06933385878801346, 0.10911387205123901, 0.06647253036499023, -0.03728853911161423, 0.03742632269859314, 0.08149255067110062, 0.019634410738945007, 0.00820847786962986, 0.068733...
added\tpotassium.\tOral\trehydration\tsolutions\t(ORS)\twork\tbecause\tthey\tcontain\tconcentrations\tof\nsodium\tand\tglucose\tthat\tare\toptimal\tfor\tinteraction\twith\tthe\tsodium-glucose\ttransport\t(SGLT)\nproteins\tin\tthe\tintestinal\tepithelial\tcells\t(see\t\nChapter\t1\n).\nWith\tintractable\tdiarrhea,\tespe...
[ -0.023181334137916565, -0.06452469527721405, 0.03282516077160835, 0.037959080189466476, -0.06264196336269379, 0.003698371583595872, 0.10052494704723358, 0.026580585166811943, -0.023706156760454178, 0.03795578330755234, 0.08476577699184418, -0.07082296907901764, -0.0036386908032000065, 0.03...
in\tan\tinfant\tor\tyoung\tchild,\tparenteral\tfeeding\tmay\tbe\nrequired.\tParenteral\tnutrition\t(PN)\tmay\teven\tbe\tnecessary\tif\texploratory\tsurgery\tis\tanticipated,\tor\tif\nthe\tpatient\tis\tnot\texpected\tto\tresume\tfull\toral\tintake\twithin\t5\tto\t7\tdays\t(see\t\nChapter\t12\n).\nSupplementation\twith\t...
[ -0.013743099756538868, -0.024700826033949852, 0.056909333914518356, -0.016512766480445862, -0.08473359048366547, 0.010974956676363945, 0.10954520851373672, 0.020967965945601463, 0.03613670542836189, 0.01984083652496338, 0.11173141747713089, 0.004957963712513447, 0.03785305470228195, 0.0511...
research\tis\tongoing,\tbut\tthere\tare\tinadequate\tdata\n\tto\trecommend\tprobiotics\tas\ta\tprimary\ttreatment\nfor\tCDIs\t(\nPattani\tet\tal,\t2013\n)\t(see\t\nFocus\tOn:\n\tProbiotics\tand\tPrebiotics\tand\tthe\tGut\tMicrobiota\n).\nCurrently,\tthe\tbest\ttreatment\tfor\trefractory\tCDI\tis\tto\temploy\t\nfecal\tm...
[ -0.02387944981455803, -0.07934398949146271, -0.005862628109753132, -0.04207277670502663, -0.03333161026239395, 0.014783671125769615, 0.030249126255512238, 0.10192117840051651, 0.04713929444551468, 0.030268050730228424, 0.11455855518579483, -0.016482573002576828, 0.02540374919772148, 0.0948...
fecal\tmicrobiota\ttransplant\t(FMT)\n.\nWith\tthe\tconcept\tof\tthe\thuman\tgut\tmicrobiota\tas\tan\torgan,\tFMT\tmay\tbe\tconsidered\tan\torgan\ntransplant.\tIn\tthis\tprocedure,\tthe\tgut\tmicrobiota\tof\tthe\tperson\tinfected\n\twith\t\nC.\tdifficile\n\tis\treplaced\nwith\thealthy\tdonor\tstool,\ttypically\tfrom\ta...
[ 0.006527232471853495, -0.006324837915599346, 0.028289271518588066, -0.018610581755638123, -0.09374333173036575, 0.01875648833811283, 0.07764098048210144, 0.016833022236824036, 0.0031273006461560726, 0.08972343057394028, 0.14058326184749603, -0.04297564551234245, 0.0071342275477945805, 0.04...
recent\tstudy\tfound\ta\t>90%\tsuccess\trate\tin\tparticipants\treceiving\tFMT\tfor\teradication\tof\tCDI,\twith\nno\tdisease\trecurrence\tafter\tprocedure\t(\nKonturek\tet\tal,\t2016\n).\n\t\nFocus\tOn\nProbiotics\tand\tPrebiotics\n\tand\tthe\tGut\tMicrobiota\nSome\tgastrointestinal\tconditions\tsuch\tas\t\nClostridiu...
[ 0.00468125706538558, -0.037822749465703964, 0.013679366558790207, -0.04657618701457977, -0.03732353076338768, 0.010290917009115219, 0.02719053253531456, 0.09214971959590912, -0.02580958604812622, 0.09011013060808182, 0.13384318351745605, -0.021565651521086693, 0.018254753202199936, 0.07766...
Clostridium\tdifficile\n\tinfection\t(CDI),\tsmall\tintestinal\nbacterial\tovergrowth\t(SIBO),\tantibiotic-associated\tdiarrhea,\tand\tperhaps\tinflammatory\tbowel\ndisease\tmay\tresult\tor\thave\texacerbated\tsymptoms\twhen\tthere\tare\talterations\tto\tthe\tcolonies\tof\nmicroorganisms\tthat\texist\tin\tthe\tsmall\to...
[ 0.0102829085662961, -0.05704609304666519, 0.017971977591514587, -0.012538018636405468, -0.014265487901866436, -0.01000508014112711, 0.04092802479863167, 0.04598843306303024, -0.000011761134373955429, 0.08529254049062729, 0.11637947708368301, -0.06477225571870804, 0.03370651230216026, 0.106...
causes\tdramatic\talterations\tto\tgut\tmicrobiota,\tplacing\tthe\tpatient\tat\trisk\tfor\tovergrowth\tof\npotentially\tpathogenic\tmicrobes\tand\topportunistic\tgastrointestinal\t(GI)\tinfections.
[ 0.027617087587714195, -0.03130924329161644, 0.02627968229353428, -0.03894246369600296, -0.062050722539424896, -0.018749672919511795, 0.012585476972162724, 0.11283134669065475, 0.0030789319425821304, 0.11855369061231613, 0.05867645889520645, -0.012473134323954582, -0.007853847928345203, 0.0...
A\t\nprobiotic\n\tis\tdefined\tby\tthe\tFood\tand\tAgriculture\tOrganization\tof\tthe\tUnited\tNations\tand\tthe\nWorld\tHealth\tOrganization\t(FAO/WHO)\tas\t“live\tnonpathogenic\torganisms\t(bacteria\tor\tyeast)\nwhich\twhen\tadministered\tin\tadequate\n\tamounts\tconfer\ta\thealth\tbenefit\ton\tthe\thost.”\tTo\tbe\ta
[ -0.040413446724414825, -0.029666483402252197, 0.03833604231476784, -0.027399294078350067, -0.07973691076040268, 0.021673347800970078, 0.062024328857660294, -0.02375088259577751, 0.02279135026037693, 0.1057516485452652, 0.12542414665222168, -0.04706728830933571, 0.004118552431464195, 0.0720...
amounts\tconfer\ta\thealth\tbenefit\ton\tthe\thost.”\tTo\tbe\ta\nprobiotic,\tmeaning\t“for\tlife,”\ta\tlive\tmicrobial\tstrain\tmust\tmeet\tvery\tstringent\tcriteria.\tAccording\nto\tthe\tFAO/WHO,\tthese\tcriteria\tinclude\tbeing\tsafe\tfor\thuman\tconsumption,\tbeing\ta\tlive\tand\tviable
[ 0.007911589927971363, 0.01533519010990858, 0.04803905636072159, -0.019177233800292015, -0.10229698568582535, 0.016665836796164513, 0.06836479157209396, 0.023127326741814613, 0.038798362016677856, 0.030467363074421883, 0.08081337809562683, -0.11860398948192596, 0.03586799278855324, 0.009432...
organism\twith\tstrain\tidentification,\tbeing\tof\thuman\torigin,\tbeing\tresistant\tto\tacid\tand\tbile,\tbeing\nable\tto\tsurvive\tthe\tupper\tintestinal\ttract\tenvironment\n\tand\treach\tthe\tdistal\tintestine\t(ileum\tand\ncolon)\tto\tattach\tto\tthe\tintestinal\tepithelium,\tand\tbeing\table\tto\tcolonize\tthe\t...
[ 0.031402282416820526, -0.03768269345164299, 0.041692715138196945, -0.043236441910266876, -0.09106338769197464, 0.0013504644157364964, 0.057039279490709305, -0.02085607871413231, 0.008589665405452251, 0.11323617398738861, 0.11197640746831894, -0.10501537472009659, -0.012216877192258835, 0.0...
health\tbenefit\tto\tthe\thost,\tand\thave\tscientifically\tproven\thealth\tbenefits\t(\nCresci\tand\tIzzo,\t2017\n).\nUnfortunately,\tsuch\ta\tregulatory\tframework\tdoes\tnot\texist\tin\tthe\tUnited\tStates\tat\tpresent.\nTherefore\tbecause\tof\tthese\tstrict\tcriteria,\tsome\tsupplements\n\ttermed\t“probiotics”\tare...
[ -0.0021366048604249954, -0.042368724942207336, 0.05779146030545235, 0.005813732743263245, -0.044156644493341446, 0.022000398486852646, 0.08306670933961868, 0.02556524984538555, -0.060051821172237396, 0.03499871864914894, 0.12071316689252853, -0.02622987888753414, -0.007022855803370476, 0.0...
termed\t“probiotics”\tare\tnot\ttruly\nprobiotics\tand\ttheir\tuse\tmay\tbe\tmisleading\tto\tclinicians\tand\tconsumers.\nCertain\tstrains\tof\tbacteria\thave\tbeen\tidentified\tas\tprobiotics.\tThese\tmay\tbe\tavailable\tin\nsupplement\tform\t(e.g.,\tcapsules,\tpowders)\tor\tincluded\tin\tfermented\tfood\tproducts\t(e...
[ -0.031407713890075684, -0.06307585537433624, -0.02553592249751091, -0.03599504008889198, -0.04818696901202202, 0.015303527936339378, 0.0490066297352314, 0.03434152156114578, 0.01678607054054737, 0.037091754376888275, 0.14514140784740448, -0.03213612362742424, 0.05768217146396637, 0.0559743...
kefir).\tThe\texact\tdose,\tmeans\tfor\tdelivery,\tor\tthe\tduration\tof\tviability\tare\tuncertain,\tprobably\tvary\nfor\tdifferent\tprobiotic\tstrains,\tand\tmay\tdepend\ton\tthe\tcondition\tto\tbe\ttreated.\tIt\thas\tbeen\nsuggested\tthat\tprobiotics\tmay\trestore\tthe\tbalance\tof\tintestinal\tmicrobes\tand\timprov...
[ 0.0009638705523684621, -0.0801306739449501, 0.041081689298152924, -0.04885978624224663, -0.057004958391189575, 0.0077552758157253265, 0.07281004637479782, 0.01835346780717373, -0.004635963123291731, 0.04829369857907295, 0.12140394747257233, -0.04804440215229988, 0.0608120895922184, 0.03530...
and\tprevent\tor\ttreat\tconditions\tin\twhich\ta\tgut\tdysbiosis\thas\toccurred,\tsuch\tas\tantibiotic-\nassociated\tdiarrhea\t(\nPattani\tet\tal,\t2013\n).\t\nSaccharomyces\tboulardii\n,\ta\tprobiotic\tyeast,\thas\tbeen\nshown\tto\treduce\trecurrence\n\tin\tthose\twith\tCDI\twhen\thigh-dose\toral\tvancomycin\twas\tal...
[ -0.0021266357507556677, -0.0403725728392601, 0.020186778157949448, -0.0720386728644371, -0.09620428830385208, 0.01696672849357128, 0.02276694029569626, 0.03853985294699669, -0.017476702108979225, 0.030908294022083282, 0.10443123430013657, -0.010740085504949093, 0.054725922644138336, 0.0745...
(\nCresci\tand\tIzzo,\t2017\n).\tCertain\ttypes\tof\tprobiotics\tmay\tbe\teffective\tin\treducing\tthe\tduration\tof\nenterovirus-induced\tacute\tinfectious\tdiarrhea\tin\tpediatric\tand\tadult\tpatients\tand\tin\tthose\twith\ninflammatory\tbowel\tdisease\t(IBD).\nLike\tprobiotics,\tprebiotics\thave\tstrict\tcriteria\t...
[ -0.01746341772377491, -0.08174112439155579, 0.010022362694144249, -0.017027193680405617, -0.0021639461629092693, 0.010415373370051384, 0.07397986203432083, 0.06329157948493958, -0.024975378066301346, 0.052803970873355865, 0.0938899964094162, -0.01345599815249443, 0.07209908217191696, 0.100...
polysaccharides,\n\tand\tsloughed\tproteins\tare\tthe\tfood\tsource\tfor\tthe\tcommensal\tgut\tmicrobiota.\nA\t\nprebiotic\n\tis\tdefined\tas\t“a\tselectively\tfermented\tingredient\tthat\tallows\tspecific\tchanges,\tboth\nin\tthe\tcomposition\tand\tactivity\tin\tthe\tgut\tmicrobiota,\tthat\tconfer\tbenefits\tupon\thos...
[ 0.02235097996890545, -0.048680223524570465, 0.05582050234079361, -0.0015245405957102776, -0.1199946403503418, 0.028705203905701637, 0.0701640173792839, -0.04764745384454727, 0.0387638583779335, 0.08365828543901443, 0.1165541559457779, -0.06132028251886368, -0.026862122118473053, 0.03766256...
and\thealth”\t(\nCresci\tand\tIzzo,\t2017\n).\tImportantly,\tprebiotics\tmust\tbe\tresistant\tto\tgastric\tacidity,\tto\nhydrolysis\tby\tmammalian\n\tenzymes,\tand\tto\tGI\tabsorption;\tmust\tbe\tfermented\tin\tthe\tGI\ttract\tby\tthe\ngut\tmicrobiota;\tand\tmust\tbe\tselective\tin\tthe\tstimulation\tof\tthe\tgut\tmicr...
[ 0.003429574193432927, -0.0876665711402893, 0.02308986522257328, -0.026494191959500313, -0.08426231890916824, 0.0016617858782410622, 0.06552072614431381, 0.018159935250878334, -0.009541240520775318, 0.0749780610203743, 0.13156774640083313, -0.04925033822655678, 0.0065691485069692135, 0.0712...
that\tcontribute\tto\thealth\tand\twell-being.\tPrebiotics\tare\tnaturally\toccurring\tor\tsynthetic\tsugars\nand\tare\tnot\tavailable\tto\tall\tgut\tmicrobial\tspecies.\tUpon\treaching\tthe\tdistal\tintestine\t(ileum\tand\ncolon),\tprebiotics\tare\tfermented\n\tby\tthe\tgut\tmicrobiota\tto\tyield\tshort-chain\tfatty\t...
[ 0.01305893249809742, -0.0465477891266346, 0.05281646177172661, -0.025229960680007935, -0.056304991245269775, 0.006755282171070576, 0.030243471264839172, -0.0018636886961758137, -0.01247821282595396, 0.06498020142316818, 0.1133124977350235, -0.07041919976472855, 0.006017172243446112, 0.0475...
by\tthe\tgut\tmicrobiota\tto\tyield\tshort-chain\tfatty\tacids\t(SCFAs)\tand\ngases\t(carbon\tdioxide,\thydrogen,\tand\tmethane).\tSCFAs\t(acetate,\tpropionate,\tbutyrate)\tserve\nmany\tbiologic\troles,\tincluding\taiding\twith\twater\tand\telectrolyte\tabsorption,\tdecreasing\nintraluminal\tpH,\taltering\tcell\tprolif...
[ -0.019175071269273758, -0.03709638863801956, -0.0058025456964969635, -0.024319283664226532, -0.01884116604924202, -0.005139942746609449, 0.08223244547843933, 0.05471319332718849, -0.01852494105696678, 0.04785837605595589, 0.12235638499259949, -0.051654402166604996, 0.016300149261951447, -0...
and\tinflammatory\tprocesses\t(\nCresci\tand\tIzzo,\t2017\n).\n\tAlthough\tprobiotics\thave\treported\tsafety\nissues\twith\tselect\tclinical\tconditions,\tprebiotics\tcarry\tfew\tsafety\tconcerns.\tHowever,\tlike\nprobiotics,\tprebiotics\tmay\talso\tcontribute\tto\tGI\tdiscomfort\t(bloating,\tgas)\tif\tintroduced\ttoo...
[ 0.0046716597862541676, -0.0981367900967598, 0.04575760290026665, -0.0287301167845726, -0.07744412124156952, 0.00487227737903595, 0.07428456842899323, 0.022599173709750175, -0.00913885049521923, 0.02730254828929901, 0.09481041878461838, -0.05770041421055794, 0.03487950563430786, 0.079161636...
into\tthe\tdiet.\nBecause\tthere\tis\tpromise\tin\ttheory\tand\tin\tselect\tstudies\tfor\timproving\tgut\tdysbiosis\twith\nsupplements,\tfurther\tstudies\tevaluating\tthe\toptimal\tdose,\n\ttiming,\tduration,\tand\tindications\tfor\nprobiotics,\tprebiotics,\tand\ttheir\tcombinations,\tare\twarranted.\tRegular\tintake\t...
[ 0.04794995114207268, -0.0670061931014061, 0.03452634438872337, -0.02703176625072956, -0.06632263213396072, -0.0093208197504282, 0.09428305178880692, 0.016963111236691475, 0.006237537134438753, 0.07874370366334915, 0.10027308762073517, -0.06332844495773315, 0.05394784361124039, 0.0367482565...
prebiotics\tand\tprobiotics\tcan\talso\tencourage\tincreased\tmicrobial\tdiversity\tin\tthe\tgut,\treducing\nreliance\ton\tsupplements\twhen\tappropriate.\nProducts\tthat\tcombine\tprobiotic\tmicroorganisms\tand\ta\tprebiotic\tfiber\tsource\thave\tbeen\tdescribed\nas\t\nsynbiotics\n\tfor\ttheir\n\tsynergistic\teffects....
[ 0.006315159611403942, -0.09618600457906723, 0.03655179589986801, -0.022450514137744904, -0.04599577933549881, 0.018311120569705963, 0.03630521893501282, 0.05795712396502495, -0.01795763336122036, 0.05554831400513649, 0.10304442793130875, -0.06733030825853348, 0.011780880391597748, 0.069699...
prebiotics,\tand\tsynbiotics\tfor\timprovements\tin\tthe\tmicrobiota\tfor\ta\tvariety\tof\tdisorders.\tSynbiotics\nwere\tfound\teffective\tfor\thepatic\tencephalopathy,\timproved\thigh-density\tlipoprotein\t(HDL)\tand\nfasting\tglucose,\tbut\talso\tdemonstrated\tpositive\tresults\tfor\ttreating\tinfectious\tdiarrhea\ti...
[ -0.009765984490513802, -0.10070528090000153, 0.02794688753783703, -0.0058508883230388165, -0.07098404318094254, 0.02076064795255661, 0.029134202748537064, 0.08085504174232483, -0.054184310138225555, 0.07034120708703995, 0.08467815816402435, -0.028078028932213783, 0.02843143232166767, 0.091...
(\nPatel\tand\tDuPont,\t2015\n).\nThere\n\tis\ta\tlong\thistory\tof\tsafe\tuse\tof\tmany\tstrains\tof\t“live\tactive\tcultures”\tin\tfoods\tin\thealthy\nhumans.\tHowever,\tthe\tbody\tof\tevidence\tis\tlimited\ton\tthe\tuse\tof\tlarge\tdoses\tof\tconcentrated\tprobiotic\nsupplements,\tespecially\tof\tspecific\tstrains\t...
[ -0.024091698229312897, -0.0620773620903492, 0.02423565462231636, -0.030734598636627197, -0.05787456035614014, 0.009087104350328445, 0.05018549785017967, -0.03870018944144249, -0.029932940378785133, 0.04925822466611862, 0.1299409121274948, -0.05135687068104744, 0.054382629692554474, 0.00441...
increased\tability\tto\tproliferate\tin\tthe\tGI\ttract.\tLimited\tsafety\tdata\tsupport\tthe\tuse\tof\tconcentrated\nprobiotic\n\tsupplements\tin\tpatients\twith\timmunocompromised\tstates\tor\tcritical\tillness,\tor\twhen\nprobiotics\tare\tadministered\tdirectly\tinto\tthe\tsmall\tintestine,\tas\twith\tjejunal\tfeedi...
[ -0.0022929906845092773, -0.057329654693603516, 0.036612845957279205, -0.02593119814991951, -0.11932377517223358, 0.011066053062677383, 0.09296412765979767, 0.07945660501718521, -0.018154075369238853, 0.05578900873661041, 0.08702141046524048, 0.009635401889681816, 0.045503292232751846, 0.06...
research\tin\tthis\tarea\tcontinues\t(\nStavrou\tet\tal,\t2015\n).\tA\tnumber\tof\tcase\treports\texist\tof\thospitalized\npatients\treceiving\tconcentrated\tstrains\tof\tprobiotics\tthat\thave\tbecome\tseptic\tbecause\tof\tinfection\tin\nthe\tbloodstream\n\twith\tthe\tvery\tsame\tstrain\tof\tprobiotic\tbeing\tadminist...
[ -0.024894213303923607, -0.0627998486161232, -0.025188714265823364, -0.03767126798629761, -0.030117925256490707, 0.022029263898730278, 0.04932168126106262, 0.03856248781085014, -0.020136240869760513, 0.04798230901360512, 0.0905197262763977, -0.022029418498277664, 0.05537509545683861, 0.0466...
adverse\tevents\trelated\tto\tprobiotic\tadministration\tin\thospitalized\tpatients,\t25%\tof\tadverse\tevents\nresulted\tin\tpatient\tdeath\t(\nWhelan\tand\tMyers,\t2010\n).\tMany\tof\tthese\tcase\treports\tdo\tindicate\tthe\nculprit\tprobiotic\twas\ta\tnonpathogenic\tyeast,\tand\tsince\tthen\tproduct\tlabel\twarnings...
[ 0.012117648497223854, -0.022174328565597534, 0.033424261957407, -0.03202145919203758, -0.031616173684597015, 0.011176650412380695, 0.08551684021949768, 0.10882988572120667, -0.01574171893298626, 0.029584458097815514, 0.10201490670442581, 0.0020025228150188923, 0.05209648609161377, 0.051243...
this\tsupplement\tto\n\tcritically\till\tpatients\thave\tbeen\tinstated\tto\tavoid\tsuch\tcomplications.\tIn\ta\tlarge\ndouble-blind,\trandomized\tstudy\tof\ta\thigh-dose\tmultispecies\tprobiotic\tadministered\tvia\tjejunal\nfeeding\ttube\tin\tpatients\twith\tsevere\tacute\tpancreatitis,\tthere\twere\tsignificantly\tmo...
[ 0.024229582399129868, -0.04174717143177986, 0.061571814119815826, -0.032871682196855545, -0.11952164024114609, 0.010136437602341175, 0.10157821327447891, 0.010355424135923386, -0.03385792300105095, 0.026560930535197258, 0.10909873992204666, -0.0035470318980515003, 0.03641411289572716, 0.02...
who\treceived\tprobiotics\tcompared\twith\tthose\treceiving\tthe\tinactive\tplacebo,\tand\ta\treduced\trisk\tof\ninfectious\tcomplications\n\twas\tnot\tdemonstrated\tin\tthe\tprobiotic\tgroup\t(\nBesselink\tet\tal,\t2008\n).\nAlthough\tthis\thistorical\tstudy\twas\tconcerning\tand\tprovides\twarning\tbefore\tadminister...
[ -0.024493282660841942, -0.03228398784995079, 0.07336205989122391, -0.026485221460461617, -0.03917904943227768, 0.03035498410463333, 0.08917753398418427, 0.026930799707770348, -0.0416497066617012, 0.06399398297071457, 0.12103906273841858, -0.04885470122098923, 0.01823199726641178, 0.0145925...
cultures\tto\tcritically\till\tpatients,\tthere\twere\tstudy\tflaws\tand\tlimitations,\twhich\tlead\tto\tquestions\nwhether\tthe\tincreased\tmortality\twas\tsolely\tthe\tresult\tof\tprobiotic\tsupplementation;\tfurther\tstudy\tis\nneeded\tin\tthis\tarea.\nProbiotic\n\tpreparations\thold\tpromise\tas\tan\tadjunctive\tor...
[ 0.042105358093976974, 0.002225172007456422, 0.04476750269532204, 0.011329040862619877, -0.09821728616952896, 0.03735185042023659, 0.0403771810233593, -0.03896364942193031, -0.0016603757394477725, 0.04993901029229164, 0.13972623646259308, -0.05878741666674614, -0.0013442016206681728, 0.0354...
gastrointestinal\tconditions,\tbut\tresearch\tis\tongoing\ton\tmodifying\tthe\tmicrobiota\tand\tthere\tremain
[ 0.028934726491570473, -0.054692234843969345, 0.00035057932836934924, -0.011143933981657028, -0.10187235474586487, 0.012801110744476318, 0.10413742065429688, 0.05135318264365196, 0.00281691481359303, 0.041520003229379654, 0.06385017186403275, -0.048411205410957336, -0.018018575385212898, 0....
inadequate\tdata\tthus\tfar\tto\tmake\tlarge\tgeneralizations\tregarding\tprobiotic\tsafety\tfor\tall\tpopulations\n(\nBafeta\tet\tal,\t2018\n).\tIn\tcontrast,\tas\tan\temerging\tarea\tof\tscientific\tresearch,\tthere\tis\talso\ta\tmovement\nto\tdetermine\thow\n\tmanipulating\tthe\tmicrobiota\tcan\tconfer\tbenefit\tto\...
[ 0.03267384693026543, -0.06464836001396179, 0.05149393528699875, 0.010263736359775066, -0.05472809448838234, -0.025066303089261055, 0.0397249236702919, 0.049264732748270035, -0.014232534915208817, 0.043115437030792236, 0.12177809327840805, -0.07011774927377701, 0.032060906291007996, 0.05220...
Walsh\tet\tal,\t2014\n).\tTo\nlearn\tmore\tand\tfollow\tthis\texciting\tarea\tof\tnutrition\tresearch,\tthe\tInternational\tScientific\tAssociation\nfor\tProbiotics\tand\tPrebiotics\t(\nhttps://isappscience.org/\n)\tis\tan\texcellent\tresource.\nMedical\tnutrition\ttherapy\nAll\tnutrition\tinterventions\trelated\tto\td...
[ -0.0033346053678542376, -0.0632692500948906, 0.03400246426463127, -0.017279107123613358, -0.05276433378458023, 0.010557355359196663, 0.09040097147226334, 0.005346650257706642, -0.013819986023008823, 0.027466846629977226, 0.11169720441102982, -0.0436910018324852, -0.0012206013780087233, -0....
pathologic\tcondition\tresponsible\tfor\tthe\tdiarrhea.\tReplacement\tof\tnecessary\tfluids\tand\telectrolytes\tis\nthe\tfirst\tstep,\tusing\tORS,\tsoups\tand\tbroths,\tvegetable\tjuices,\tand\tisotonic\tliquids.\tRestrictive\tdiets,\nsuch\tas\tthe\tBRAT\tdiet\tmade\tup\tof\tbananas,\trice,\tapplesauce,\tand\ttoast,\ta...
[ 0.037125371396541595, -0.04004940763115883, 0.05983482301235199, -0.060433343052864075, -0.11703875660896301, -0.01381626632064581, 0.09500084072351456, -0.004432475659996271, 0.004141413606703281, 0.09527698904275894, 0.07824887335300446, -0.023146789520978928, 0.03750971704721451, 0.0117...
evidence\tindicates\tthat\tthey\tare\tnecessary\tduring\tacute\tdiarrheal\tillness.\tAlthough\tthere\tis\tlimited\nresearch\tto\tsupport\tdoing\tso,\tsome\tclinicians\talso\trecommend\ta\tprogression\tof\tstarchy\ncarbohydrates\tsuch\tas\tcereals,\tbreads,\tand\tlow-fat\tmeats,\tfollowed\tby\tsmall\tamounts\tof\tvegeta...
[ 0.006659392267465591, -0.028869856148958206, 0.04005526378750801, -0.01790023222565651, 0.03509256988763809, 0.04271665960550308, 0.02219746634364128, 0.016894260421395302, 0.017535772174596786, 0.10421112179756165, 0.08943460136651993, -0.034689418971538544, 0.05237641558051109, 0.0503493...
and\tfruits,\tfollowed\tby\tfats.\tThe\tgoal\twith\tthis\tprogression\tis\tto\tlimit\tlarge\tamounts\tof\thyperosmotic\ncarbohydrates\tthat\tmay\tbe\tmaldigested\tor\tmalabsorbed,\tfoods\tthat\tstimulate\tsecretion\tof\tfluids,\tand\nfoods\n\tthat\tspeed\tthe\trate\tof\tGI\ttransit.\nSugar\talcohols,\tlactose,\tfructos...
[ 0.008514085784554482, -0.08079221099615097, 0.018979372456669807, 0.011825953610241413, -0.03062235191464424, 0.01081438735127449, 0.0627664178609848, -0.0021671741269528866, -0.005281873047351837, 0.028647439554333687, 0.126376211643219, -0.03242027014493942, 0.04151773452758789, -0.02028...
may\talso\tbe\tassociated\twith\tdiarrhea\tor\ta\tmix\tof\tconstipation\tand\tdiarrhea.\tSeveral\tdiet\tchanges\nwithin\tthe\tlow\tFODMAP\tdiet\tsimilar\tto\tthe\tfoods\tmentioned\tabove\tmay\timprove\tsymptoms\t(see\nIrritable\tBowel\tSyndrome\n\tin\tthis\tchapter).\tBecause\tthe\tactivity\tof\tthe\tdisaccharidases\n\...
[ 0.05092749372124672, -0.08052591234445572, 0.07966937869787216, 0.005220466293394566, -0.057718850672245026, 0.014093375764787197, 0.1407419741153717, -0.03572164103388786, 0.001162571832537651, 0.050811730325222015, 0.1383359432220459, -0.042182885110378265, 0.04408028721809387, 0.0335473...
and\ttransport\nmechanisms\tdecrease\tduring\tinflammatory\tand\tinfectious\tintestinal\tdisease,\tsugars\tmay\thave\tto\tbe\nlimited,\tespecially\tin\tchildren.\tMalabsorption\tis\tonly\tone\tpotential\tcause\tof\tdiarrhea,\tand\tdiarrhea\nmay\toccur\twithout\tsignificant\tmalabsorption\tof\tmacronutrients\t(carbohydr...
[ 0.028933845460414886, -0.13420827686786652, 0.035642486065626144, -0.03624234348535538, -0.09376490116119385, 0.016171488910913467, 0.10400418192148209, 0.03052517957985401, -0.021480973809957504, 0.05792922154068947, 0.08802246302366257, -0.06494747847318649, 0.017217276617884636, 0.04793...
Absorption\tof\tmost\tnutrients\toccurs\tin\tthe\tsmall\tintestine;\tdiarrhea\trelated\tto\n\tcolonic\tinflammation\nor\tdisease\tpreserves\tthe\tabsorption\tof\tmost\tingested\tnutrients.\nMinimal\tfiber\tand\tlow-residue\tdiets\tare\trarely\tindicated\t(\nTable\t27.1\n).\tPatients\tare\tencouraged\tto
[ 0.011605129577219486, -0.09095185995101929, 0.007070711813867092, -0.019578777253627777, -0.032097212970256805, -0.014584571123123169, 0.12961536645889282, 0.08129040896892548, 0.013519318774342537, 0.006376385223120451, 0.07938527315855026, -0.027189696207642555, 0.026495279744267464, 0.0...
Table\t27.1\n).\tPatients\tare\tencouraged\tto\nresume\ta\tregular\tdiet\tas\ttolerated\tthat\tcontains\tmoderate\tamounts\tof\tsoluble\tfiber.\tThe\tmetabolism\nof\tsoluble\tfiber\tand\tresistant\tstarches\tby\tcolonic\tbacteria\tleads\tto\tproduction\tof\t\nshort-chain\tfatty\nacids\t(SCFAs)\n,\twhich\tin\tphysiologi...
[ 0.01972198113799095, -0.05018220096826553, 0.005972732324153185, -0.00869890209287405, -0.09468995034694672, 0.029752152040600777, 0.02230778895318508, 0.07841629534959793, 0.004953234456479549, 0.05130309239029884, 0.09908375144004822, -0.017213884741067886, 0.053883761167526245, 0.053835...
absorption\tof\tfluid\tand\tsalts,\tand\tmay\thelp\tto\tregulate\tGI\tmotility.\nTABLE\t27.1\nFood\tto\tLimit\tin\ta\tLow-Fiber\t(Minimal-Residue)\tDiet\nFood\nComments\nLactose\t(in\tlactose\nmalabsorbers)\n6\tto\t12\tg\tis\tnormally\ttolerated\tin\thealthy\tlactase-deficient\tindividuals\tbut\tmay\nnot\tbe\tin\tsome\...
[ 0.004662101157009602, -0.10623176395893097, 0.007619661744683981, 0.012440494261682034, -0.010571086779236794, 0.000676555500831455, 0.09294202923774719, 0.08342147618532181, -0.019630713388323784, 0.029803549870848656, 0.11540844291448593, -0.015167277306318283, -0.009508080780506134, 0.0...
not\tbe\tin\tsome\tindividuals.\nInsoluble\n\tfiber\n(quantities\t>20\tg)\nModest\tamounts\t(10\tto\t15\tg)\tmay\thelp\tmaintain\tnormal\tconsistency\tof\ngastrointestinal\t(GI)\tcontents\tand\tnormal\tcolonic\tmucosa\tin\thealthy\tstates\nand\tGI\tdisease.\nSorbitol,\tmannitol,\tand\nxylitol\t(excess,\t>10\ng/day)\nWe...
[ -0.015934592112898827, -0.029461825266480446, 0.05969182029366493, 0.028119966387748718, -0.06827438622713089, 0.02189016342163086, 0.0887809619307518, 0.021613042801618576, 0.04024992883205414, 0.031204113736748695, 0.13364779949188232, -0.04474392905831337, 0.06583193689584732, 0.0342157...
diarrhea.\nFructose\t(excess,\t20\tto\n25\tg/meal)\nSucrose\t(excess,\t>25\tto\n50\tg/meal)\nCaffeine\nIncreases\tGI\tsecretions,\tcolonic\tmotility\nAlcoholic\tbeverages\n(especially\twine\tand\nbeer)\nIncrease\tGI\tsecretions\nFibrous\tmaterial\ttends\tto\tslow\tgastric\temptying,\tmoderate\toverall\tGI\ttransit,\tan...
[ -0.032272156327962875, -0.09778489917516708, 0.048870135098695755, 0.04391409084200859, -0.057027075439691544, -0.028890026733279228, 0.07911576330661774, 0.058456216007471085, -0.04422575980424881, -0.011623183265328407, 0.023368682712316513, -0.04200592264533043, 0.03338076174259186, 0.0...
the\tintestinal\tlumen.\tProviding\tfiber\tto\tpatients\twith\tdiarrhea\tdoes\tincrease\tthe\tvolume\tof\tstool,\tand\nin\tsome\tcases\t(such\tas\tsmall\tintestinal\tbacterial\tovergrowth\t[SIBO])\n\tinitially\tcan\tincrease\tgas\tand\nbloating.\tModest\tintake\tof\tprebiotic\tcomponents\tand\tsoluble\tfibers\tsuch\tas...
[ -0.008484629914164543, -0.04673377051949501, 0.02981289103627205, -0.05171097069978714, -0.10677659511566162, 0.01056730467826128, 0.12942445278167725, 0.033865731209516525, 0.028251858428120613, 0.045046769082546234, 0.13703453540802002, -0.03958796337246895, 0.013730490580201149, 0.06042...
transit\tthrough\tthe\tGI\ttract.\nSeveral\tprobiotics\thave\tbeen\tstudied\tfor\tpreventing\tAAD.\tCurrently,\tof\tthose\ttested,\nSaccharomyces\tboulardii\n\tand\t\nLactobacillus\n-based\tformulations\tappear\tto\tbe\tmost\teffective\tin\nreducing\tAAD\t(\nPattani\tet\tal,\t2013\n).\tA\tmore\trecent\tmeta-analysis\n\...
[ -0.015269279479980469, -0.08307188004255295, 0.02900843508541584, -0.03416256606578827, -0.09786462038755417, -0.012584608048200607, 0.030985472723841667, 0.014495992101728916, 0.007749311160296202, 0.04435281828045845, 0.09649132192134857, -0.02010186016559601, 0.02400115132331848, 0.0621...
specifically\tfound\t\nSaccharomyces\nboulardii\n\tto\tbe\teffective\tin\treducing\trisk\tof\tAAD\tin\tboth\tchildren\tand\tadults\twithout\tadverse\tside\neffects,\tbut\talso\tencouraged\tcaution\tin\tpatients\twho\tare\timmunocompromised\tor\twith\tlife-\nthreatening\tillnesses\tmanaged\tin\tthe\tintensive\tcare\tuni...
[ -0.026077358052134514, -0.027042707428336143, 0.03482077643275261, -0.03117356076836586, -0.12469526380300522, -0.003194462275132537, 0.07332764565944672, 0.01338654663413763, 0.0073027219623327255, 0.03130980581045151, 0.11054874211549759, -0.0530218631029129, 0.05763821303844452, 0.04099...
Szajewska\tand\tKotodziej,\n2015\n).\tStudies\tare\tstill\tneeded\tto\tfind\tthe\toptimal\tcombination\tof\tprobiotics\tand/or\n\tprebiotics,\ntesting\tfor\tdosing\tschedules,\tand\tconcentrations.\nSevere\tand\tchronic\tdiarrhea\tis\taccompanied\tby\tdehydration\tand\telectrolyte\tdepletion.\tIf\talso
[ -0.018936729058623314, -0.03337111696600914, 0.006108367815613747, -0.00814016256481409, -0.03252797946333885, 0.04278400167822838, 0.10399731248617172, 0.037278611212968826, -0.004940928891301155, 0.037908509373664856, 0.10035741329193115, -0.03947164863348007, -0.014981215819716454, 0.04...
accompanied\tby\tprolonged\tinfectious,\timmunodeficiency,\tor\tinflammatory\tdisease,\tmalabsorption\tof\nvitamins,\tminerals,\tand\tprotein\tor\tfat\talso\tmay\toccur,\tand\tnutrients\tmay\thave\tto\tbe\treplaced\nparenterally\tor\tenterally.\tIn\tsome\tforms\tof\tinfectious\n\tdiarrhea,\tloss\tof\tiron\tfrom\tGI\tbl...
[ -0.017122751101851463, -0.05944344401359558, 0.02584787644445896, -0.001143180183134973, -0.03399526700377464, 0.027462413534522057, 0.08363403379917145, 0.05618542432785034, -0.03815707191824913, 0.05705263465642929, 0.13284960389137268, 0.012453482486307621, 0.03251691535115242, 0.047983...
diarrhea,\tloss\tof\tiron\tfrom\tGI\tbleeding\tmay\tbe\nsevere\tenough\tto\tcause\tanemia.\tNutrient\tdeficiencies\tthemselves\tcause\tmucosal\tchanges\tsuch\tas\ndecreased\tvilli\theight\tand\treduced\tenzyme\tsecretion,\tfurther\tcontributing\tto\tmalabsorption.\tAs\tthe
[ 0.0013086195103824139, -0.056911494582891464, 0.04348812252283096, 0.006341379601508379, -0.07824844866991043, -0.02765144407749176, 0.09608262777328491, 0.05653037130832672, -0.03568153455853462, 0.019874414429068565, 0.04485493525862694, -0.04061673581600189, 0.02558906562626362, 0.07130...
diarrhea\tbegins\tto\tresolve,\tthe\taddition\tof\tmore\tnormal\tamounts\tof\tfiber\tto\tthe\tdiet\tmay\thelp\tto\nrestore\tnormal\tmucosal\tfunction,\tincrease\telectrolyte\tand\n\twater\tabsorption,\tand\tincrease\tthe\nfirmness\tof\tthe\tstool.\nFood\tin\tthe\tlumen\tis\tneeded\tto\trestore\tthe\tcompromised\tGI\ttr...
[ 0.008765198290348053, -0.07768015563488007, 0.06989013403654099, -0.023776251822710037, -0.10062669962644577, -0.03505688160657883, 0.13772045075893402, 0.045797474682331085, 0.004304507747292519, 0.02125018835067749, 0.06703804433345795, -0.017700688913464546, 0.0675152912735939, 0.060404...
fasting.\tEarly\trefeeding\tafter\trehydration\treduces\tstool\toutput\tand\tshortens\tthe\tduration\tof\tillness.\nMicronutrient\treplacement\tor\tsupplementation\talso\tmay\tbe\tuseful\tfor\tacute\tdiarrhea,\tprobably\nbecause\tit\taccelerates\tthe\tnormal\tregeneration\tof\n\tdamaged\tmucosal\tepithelial\tcells.\nTr...
[ 0.023485850542783737, -0.08166251331567764, 0.07646802812814713, 0.046041857451200485, -0.09962736070156097, 0.02085954137146473, 0.09756037592887878, -0.007063833996653557, -0.04981856048107147, 0.02861359901726246, 0.12008693069219589, -0.031176814809441566, 0.022462448105216026, 0.00273...
Treating\tdiarrhea\tin\tinfants\tand\tchildren\nAcute\tdiarrhea\tis\tmost\tdangerous\tand\ta\tleading\tcause\tof\tmortality\tin\tinfants\tand\tsmall\tchildren,\twho\nare\teasily\tdehydrated\tby\tlarge\tfluid\tlosses.\tProvision\tof\textra\tfluids,\tincluding\tbreastmilk,\tcan\nprevent\tdehydration,\tbut\tin\tthe\tmost\...
[ -0.0015308239962905645, -0.01956295780837536, 0.05121725797653198, -0.061853788793087006, -0.06522148847579956, -0.04509304463863373, 0.06809160858392715, 0.01515691727399826, -0.02439701557159424, 0.062298037111759186, 0.07141900062561035, -0.013900690712034702, 0.0539899542927742, 0.0425...
aggressive\tand\timmediate.\n\tSince\t1978,\tthe\tWorld\tHealth\tOrganization\t(WHO)\thas\trecommended\ta\nstandard\t\noral\trehydration\tsolution\t(ORS)\n\tfor\tthis\tacute\tsituation\tas\ta\tway\tfor\tparents\tto\tbe\table\nto\tparticipate\tin\ttheir\tchildren’s\tcare\tat\thome\twith\ta\treduced\tneed\tfor\tIV\thydra...
[ 0.015793390572071075, -0.008087723515927792, 0.04967761039733887, -0.047222260385751724, -0.11379143595695496, 0.02506517618894577, 0.07174060493707657, -0.03201929107308388, 0.017479877918958664, 0.10042338818311691, 0.07747840881347656, -0.010953073389828205, 0.06718841940164566, 0.01126...
hospitalization.\tThe\tstandard\tWHO-recommended\tORS\thistorically\thad\tan\tosmolarity\tof\t311\tmOsm/L\nand\tcontained\tspecific\tconcentrations\tof\tsodium\t(90\n\tmEq),\tpotassium\t(20\tmEq/L),\tchloride\t(80\nmEq/L),\tand\tglucose\t(20\tg/L)\t(\nSuh\tet\tal,\t2010\n).\nFor\tover\t25\tyears,\tthe\tstandard\tsoluti...
[ -0.002837026957422495, 0.019274994730949402, 0.051076360046863556, -0.012083960697054863, -0.045771729201078415, -0.00873607862740755, 0.06522484123706818, 0.05286743491888046, -0.010350286029279232, 0.01020585186779499, 0.09630720317363739, 0.018500855192542076, 0.05008624866604805, 0.046...
1.3\tmillion\tdeaths\tannually\t(\nWHO,\t2002\n).\tWhile\tincredibly\teffective\tat\trehydrating,\treducing\tfecal\nvolume\tor\tduration\tof\tillness\twas\tstill\tan\timportant\tconcern,\tleading\tto\tresearch\tand\tdevelopment\tof\na\tnew\tsolution.\n\tThe\tresult\tof\tthis\twork\tcame\tto\tfruition\tin\t2003,\twhen\t...
[ 0.029699109494686127, -0.03311830013990402, 0.08116168528795242, -0.02273307926952839, -0.09290970116853714, 0.004395277705043554, 0.10646648705005646, -0.00675569660961628, -0.008366347290575504, 0.059012219309806824, 0.09313719719648361, -0.08009979128837585, 0.05121396481990814, 0.01909...