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clearly\tlisted\tif\tit\tis\tan\tingredient\tin\ta\tvitamin,\tmineral,\tor\therbal\tsupplement.\n•\t\nCommunion\twafers:\tGF\talternatives\tare\tavailable\n•\t\nToothpaste,\tmouthwash,\tand\tcosmetics,\tespecially\tshampoo\tand\tlipstick\n•\t\nChildren’s\tmodeling\tdough\nCross-contamination\nBelow\tare\tsome\tof\tthe\... | [
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0.0517... |
not\teven\tbe\tseen\tcan\tcause\tdamage\tto\tthe\tintestine,\tso\tit\tis\tbest\tto\tavoid\tthese\tsituations:\n•\t\nToasters\tused\tfor\tgluten-containing\tfoods\nKeep\ttwo\ttoasters\tat\thome\tand\tdesignate\tone\tas\tGF.\tAlternatively,\tthere\tare\tnow\tbags\navailable\tthat\tare\tdesigned\tto\thold\ta\tpiece\tof\tb... | [
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•\t\nBulk\tbins.\tPrepackaged\tfood\tis\ta\tsafer\n\tbet.\n•\t\nCondiment\tjars\t(peanut\tbutter,\tjam,\tmayonnaise,\tetc.)\nIt\tis\tbest\tto\tkeep\ta\tseparate\tGF\tjar\tfor\tcommonly\tused\titems\tand\tbe\tsure\tto\tlabel\tit\nclearly.\tAt\tthe\tvery\tleast,\tmake\tsure\teveryone\tin\tthe\thouse\tknows\tnot\tto\t“dou... | [
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•\t\nBuffet\tlines\nOther\tcustomers\tmay\tuse\tone\tserving\tutensil\tfor\tmultiple\titems.\tFood\tfrom\tone\tarea\tmay\nbe\tspilled\tinto\tanother\tfood\tcontainer.\tIt\tmay\tbe\n\tsafer\tto\torder\tfrom\tthe\tmenu.\n•\t\nDeep-fried\tfoods\nOil\tis\ttypically\tused\tover\tand\tover\tto\tfry\tfoods.\tIt\tis\thighly\tl... | [
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other\tGF\tfoods)\tare\tfried\tin\tthe\tsame\toil\tas\tbattered\tand\tbreaded\tfoods\tsuch\tas\tfried\nchicken.\n•\t\nStrainers/colanders\nColanders\tused\tto\tdrain\tgluten-containing\tpasta\tmay\thold\tonto\tresidual\tgluten\tproteins,\nas\tthey\tare\tvery\tdifficult\tto\tthoroughly\n\tclean.\nGF\n,\tGluten\tfree.\t\... | [
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clean.\nGF\n,\tGluten\tfree.\t\nAdapted\tfrom\tParrish\tCR\tet\tal:\t\nUniversity\tof\tVirginia\tHealth\tSystem\tNutrition\tSupport\tTraineeship\nSyllabus\n,\tCharlottesville,\tVa,\t2010,\tUniversity\tof\tVirginia\tHealth\tSystem.\nTo\tavoid\tmisinterpretation\tof\tinformation,\tnewly\tdiagnosed\tpatients\tshould\tbe\t... | [
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0.004021729342639446,
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0.02772204391658306,
0.0063... |
depth\tinstruction\tfrom\ta\tregistered\tdietitian\tnutritionist\t(RDN)\ton\tthe\tGF\tdiet,\talong\n\twith\treliable\nresources\tfor\tfurther\tguidance\tand\tsupport.\tPersons\twith\tCD\tusually\trequire\tseveral\teducational\tor\ncounseling\tsessions\tand\toften\tbenefit\tfrom\ta\tsupport\tgroup\t(American\tGastroente... | [
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0.061156265437603,
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0.032993149012327194,
0.08709485828876495,
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0.0220... |
Association\t[AGA],\t2015)\t(see\t\nBox\t27.9\n\tfor\tCD\tresources).\nBOX\t27.9\nCeliac\tDisease\tResources\nSupport\tGroups\nGluten\tIntolerance\tGroup\nPhone:\t206-246-6652\nEmail:\t\ninfo@gluten.org\nWebsite:\t\nhttps://www.gluten.org\nMedical\tCenters\nBeth\tIsrael\tDeaconess\tCeliac\tCenter\nBoston,\tMassachusett... | [
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0.0014690558891743422,
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0.025256220251321793,
0.05360361933708191,
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0.06135392561554909,
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-0.... |
https://www.bidmc.org/centers-and-departments/digestive-disease-\ncenter/services-and-programs/celiac-center\nUniversity\tof\tMaryland\tCenter\tfor\tCeliac\nResearch\nBaltimore,\tMaryland\nhttps://www.massgeneral.org/children/services/treatmentprograms\n.aspx?id=1723\nCeliac\tDisease\tCenter\tat\nColumbia\n\tUniversity... | [
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Columbia\n\tUniversity\nNew\tYork,\tNew\tYork\nwww.celiacdiseasecenter.c\nolumbia.edu\nUniversity\tof\tChicago\nCeliac\nDisease\tProgram\nChicago,\tIllinois\nhttp://www.cureceliacdise\nase.org\nOther\tCeliac\tOrganizations/Resources\nBeyond\tCeliac\nwww.beyondceliac.org\nGluten-Free\tRestaurant\tAwareness\tProgram\nwww... | [
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www.glutenfreerestaurants.org\nCeliac\tDisease\tFoundation\nwww.celiac.org\nCeliac\tDisease\tand\tGluten-\nfree\tSupport\n\tCenter\nwww.celiac.com\nCanadian\tCeliac\nAssociation\nwww.celiac.ca\nNational\tCeliac\tAssociation\nwww.nationalceliac.org\nTropical\tsprue\nTropical\tsprue\n\tis\tan\tacquired\tdiarrheal\tsyndro... | [
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areas.\tIn\taddition\tto\tdiarrhea\tand\tmalabsorption,\tanorexia,\tabdominal\tdistention,\tand\tnutritional\ndeficiency\tas\tevidenced\tby\tnight\tblindness,\tglossitis,\n\tstomatitis,\tcheilosis,\tpallor,\tand\tedema\tcan\noccur.\tAnemia\tmay\tresult\tfrom\tiron,\tfolic\tacid,\tand\tvitamin\tB\n12\n\tdeficiencies.\nP... | [
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The\tdiarrhea\tof\ttropical\tsprue\tappears\tto\tbe\tan\tinfectious\ttype,\talthough\tthe\tprecise\tcause\tand\tthe\nsequence\tof\tpathogenic\tevents\tremain\tunknown.\tThe\tsyndrome\tmay\tinclude\tbacterial\tovergrowth,\nchanges\tin\tGI\tmotility,\tand\tcellular\tchanges\tin\tthe\tGI\ttract.\n\tIdentified\tintestinal\... | [
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0.03282... |
Identified\tintestinal\torganisms\tmay\tdiffer\nfrom\tone\tregion\tof\tthe\ttropics\tto\tthe\tnext.\tAs\tin\tCD,\tthe\tintestinal\tvilli\tmay\tbe\tabnormal,\tbut\tthe\nsurface\tcell\talterations\tare\tmuch\tless\tsevere.\tThe\tgastric\tmucosa\tis\tatrophied\tand\tinflamed,\twith\ndiminished\tsecretion\tof\thydrochloric... | [
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0... |
Langenberg\tet\tal,\t2014\n).\nMedical\ttreatment\nTreatment\tof\ttropical\tsprue\ttypically\tincludes\n\tuse\tof\tbroad-spectrum\tantibiotics,\tfolate,\tvitamin\tB\n12\n,\nfluid,\tand\telectrolytes.\nMedical\tnutrition\ttherapy\nNutrition\tmanagement\tincludes\trestoration\tand\tmaintenance\tof\tfluids,\telectrolytes,... | [
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0.028474166989326477,
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0.0608071... |
and\tmicronutrients,\tand\tintroduction\tof\ta\tdiet\tthat\tis\tappropriate\tfor\tthe\textent\tof\tmalabsorption\n(see\t\nDiarrhea\n\tearlier\tin\tthis\tchapter).\tAlong\twith\tother\tnutrients,\tB\n12\n\tand\tfolate\tsupplementation\nmay\tbe\tneeded\tif\tdeficiency\tis\tidentified.\tNutritional\tdeficiency\tincreases\... | [
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0.05254... |
agents,\tfurther\taggravating\tthe\tcondition.\nIntestinal\tbrush-border\tenzyme\tdeficiencies\nIntestinal\tenzyme\tdeficiency\tstates\tinvolve\tdeficiencies\tof\tthe\tbrush-border\tdisaccharidases\tthat\nhydrolyze\tdisaccharides\tat\tthe\tmucosal\tcell\tmembrane.\tDisaccharidase\tdeficiencies\tmay\toccur\tas\t(1)\nrar... | [
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0.08879056572914124,
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0.08684751... |
rare\n\tcongenital\tdefects\tsuch\tas\tthe\tsucrase,\tisomaltase,\tor\tlactase\tdeficiencies\tseen\tin\tthe\tnewborn;\n(2)\tgeneralized\tforms\tsecondary\tto\tdiseases\tthat\tdamage\tthe\tintestinal\tepithelium\t(e.g.,\tCrohn’s\ndisease\tor\tCD);\tor,\tmost\tcommonly,\t(3)\ta\tgenetically\tacquired\tform\t(e.g.,\tlacta... | [
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0.0199637... |
usually\tappears\tafter\tchildhood\tbut\tcan\tappear\tas\tearly\tas\t2\tyears\tof\tage.\tFor\tthis\tchapter,\tonly\nlactose\n\tmalabsorption\tis\tdescribed\tin\tdetail\t(see\t\nChapter\t42\n\tfor\ta\tdiscussion\tof\tinborn\tmetabolic\ndisorders).\nLactose\tintolerance\nLactose\tintolerance\n\tis\tthe\tsyndrome\tof\tdia... | [
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0.05094185099005699,
0.0518604... |
after\tlactose\tconsumption.\tSecondary\tlactose\tintolerance\tcan\tdevelop\tas\ta\tconsequence\tof\tinfection\nof\tthe\tsmall\tintestine,\tgastrointestinal\tsurgeries,\tinflammatory\tdisorders,\n\tHIV,\tor\tmalnutrition.\tIn\nchildren\tit\tis\ttypically\tsecondary\tto\tviral\tor\tbacterial\tinfections.\tLactose\tmalab... | [
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0.07113... |
associated\twith\tother\tGI\tdisorders,\tsuch\tas\tIBS.\nEtiology\nHigh\tconcentrations\tof\tthe\tbrush-border\tenzyme,\tlactase,\tis\tpresent\tin\tthe\tsmall\tbowel\tof\tall\nnewborn\tmammals.\tAfter\tweaning,\tabout\t75%\tof\tthe\tworld’s\tpopulation\tdramatically\tdecreases\tthe\nsynthesis\tof\tthis\n\tenzyme\tdespi... | [
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0.01867... |
enzyme\tdespite\tcontinued\texposure\tto\tlactose\t(\nLevitt\tet\tal,\t2013\n).\tThese\tpeople\tare\ntermed\tto\tbe\tlactase\tnonpersistent.\tThe\tmajority\tof\tadults\tof\tAsian,\tAfrican,\tLatino,\tand\tNative\nAmerican\tdescent\tare\tlactase\tnonpersistent,\twhereas\tthe\tmajority\tof\tCaucasians\tare\tlactase | [
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persistent.\tLactose\tmalabsorption\tor\tintolerance\thas\tbeen\treported\tto\tbe\tlow\tin\tchildren\tyounger\nthan\tage\t6\tbut\tincreases\tthroughout\n\tchildhood,\tpeaking\tat\tage\t10\tto\t16\tyears.\nWhile\tevidence\tindicates\tthat\tlactose\tintolerance\tincreases\tslightly\twith\tincreasing\tadult\tage\tor | [
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0.03591... |
varies\tby\trace\tor\tgender,\tthe\tdifference\tmay\tbe\tmore\tclosely\taligned\twith\ta\tdose\tspecific\teffect,\tbody\nsize,\tand\tgenetic\tdifferences\tversus\tlactose\tintolerance\t(\nLapides\tand\tSavaiano,\t2018\n).\tHowever,\teven\nin\tadults\twho\tretain\ta\thigh\tlevel\tof\tlactase\tlevels\n\twith\tage\t(75%\t... | [
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0.03342... |
with\tage\t(75%\tto\t85%\tof\twhite\tadults\tof\tWestern\nEuropean\theritage),\tthe\tquantity\tof\tlactase\tis\tabout\thalf\tthat\tof\tother\tsaccharidases\tsuch\tas\tsucrase,\nalpha-dextrinase,\tor\tglucoamylase.\tThe\tdecline\tof\tlactase\tis\tknown\tas\t\nhypolactasia\n\t(see\t\nFocus\tOn:\nLactose\tIntolerance:\tNO... | [
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Focus\tOn\nLactose\tIntolerance:\n\tNOT\tan\tUncommon\tAnomaly\nWhen\tlactose\tintolerance\twas\tfirst\tdescribed\tin\t1963,\tit\tappeared\tto\tbe\tan\tinfrequent\toccurrence,\narising\tonly\toccasionally\tin\tthe\twhite\tpopulation.\tBecause\tthe\tcapacity\tto\tdigest\tlactose\twas\nmeasured\tin\tpeople\tfrom\ta\twide... | [
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0.0630599856376648,
-0.003437201725319028,
-0.07794243097305298,
0.006547091528773308,
0.1563747078180313,
-0.026970891281962395,
-0.024171732366085052,
0.031579747796058655,
0.13127407431602478,
-0.06363746523857117,
0.04235624521970749,
0.0063450... |
apparent\tthat\tdisappearance\tof\tthe\tlactase\tenzyme\tshortly\tafter\tweaning,\tor\tat\tleast\tduring\n\tearly\nchildhood,\twas\tactually\tthe\tpredominant\t(normal)\tcondition\tin\tmost\tof\tthe\tworld’s\tpopulation.\nWith\ta\tfew\texceptions,\tthe\tintestinal\ttracts\tof\tadult\tmammals\tproduce\tlittle,\tif\tany,... | [
0.01597079262137413,
-0.043645527213811874,
0.06420322507619858,
-0.04877231642603874,
-0.10433695465326309,
-0.01827916130423546,
0.024302957579493523,
0.0330812968313694,
0.001484051113948226,
0.10327573120594025,
0.13153882324695587,
-0.05033351480960846,
0.058672551065683365,
-0.000631... |
weaning\t(the\tmilks\tof\tpinnipeds—seals,\twalruses,\tand\tsea\tlions—do\tnot\tcontain\tlactose).\nThe\texception\tof\tlactose\ttolerance\thas\tattracted\tthe\tinterest\tof\tgeographers\tand\tothers\nconcerned\twith\tthe\n\tevolution\tof\tthe\tworld’s\tpopulation.\tA\tgenetic\tmutation\tfavoring\tlactose | [
0.023117173463106155,
-0.003539108904078603,
0.041472017765045166,
-0.0024905300233513117,
-0.10367127507925034,
-0.017023056745529175,
0.08867786079645157,
-0.0394989550113678,
0.012303159572184086,
0.07225242257118225,
0.11934611946344376,
-0.06799566745758057,
-0.006934705656021833,
0.0... |
tolerance\tappears\tto\thave\tarisen\tapproximately\t10,000\tyears\tago,\twhen\tdairy\tfarming\twas\tfirst\nintroduced.\tPresumably,\tit\twould\thave\toccurred\tin\tplaces\twhere\tmilk\tconsumption\twas\nencouraged\tbecause\tof\tsome\tdegree\tof\tdietary\tdeprivation\tand\tin\tgroups\tin\twhich\tmilk\twas\tnot\nferment... | [
0.0034347062464803457,
-0.06552419066429138,
0.01094581838697195,
-0.04606141895055771,
-0.04757925495505333,
-0.010518522933125496,
0.0718279704451561,
0.029050439596176147,
-0.03702530637383461,
0.03440500423312187,
0.09981688112020493,
-0.06325328350067139,
0.07806430757045746,
0.017544... |
fermented\tbefore\tconsumption\t(fermentation\tbreaks\tdown\tmuch\n\tof\tthe\tlactose\tinto\nmonosaccharides).\tThe\tmutation\twould\thave\tselectively\tendured,\tbecause\tit\twould\tpromote\ngreater\thealth,\tsurvival,\tand\treproduction\tof\tthose\twho\tcarried\tthe\tgene.\nIt\tis\tproposed\tthat\tthe\tmutation\toccu... | [
0.004853263031691313,
-0.03473525494337082,
0.033387936651706696,
-0.019711729139089584,
-0.11859674006700516,
0.03220686316490173,
0.053364142775535583,
-0.037619248032569885,
0.007296490017324686,
0.07149440050125122,
0.11527955532073975,
-0.07567223906517029,
0.0038088220171630383,
-0.0... |
migrations\tof\tpopulations\tthroughout\tthe\tworld.\tIt\tcontinues\tprimarily\tamong\twhites\tfrom\nnorthern\tEurope\tand\tin\tethnic\tgroups\n\tin\tIndia,\tAfrica,\tand\tMongolia.\tThe\thighest\tfrequency\t(97%) | [
0.08060438930988312,
-0.05642397701740265,
0.043535202741622925,
-0.006403240840882063,
-0.07454710453748703,
-0.028126010671257973,
0.07483106106519699,
-0.024926472455263138,
-0.00492918910458684,
0.07993458956480026,
0.11851979047060013,
-0.10539822280406952,
-0.015016796998679638,
0.00... |
of\tlactose\ttolerance\toccurs\tin\tSweden\tand\tDenmark,\tsuggesting\tan\tincreased\tselective\tadvantage\nin\tthose\table\tto\ttolerate\tlactose\trelated\tto\tthe\tlimited\texposure\tto\tultraviolet\tlight\ttypical\tof\nnorthern\tlatitudes.\tLactose\tfavors\tcalcium\tabsorption,\twhich\tis\tlimited\tin\tthe\tabsence\... | [
0.04330730065703392,
-0.05343913659453392,
0.05276181176304817,
-0.002208288060501218,
-0.09123009443283081,
-0.008015873841941357,
0.11781756579875946,
-0.007436404470354319,
-0.0069605642929673195,
0.06659111380577087,
0.09635183960199356,
-0.04521527141332626,
0.06382931768894196,
0.016... |
D\tproduced\tby\tskin\texposure\tto\tsunlight.\nDairy\n\tfarming\twas\tunknown\tin\tNorth\tAmerica\tuntil\tthe\tarrival\tof\tEuropeans,\tbut\tthe\tnative\npeoples\tof\tNorth\tAmerica\tdid\thave\ta\tsource\tof\tdairy\tin\ttheir\tdiets.\tThus\tNative\tAmericans\tand\nthose\tof\tnon-European\tdescent\tare\tamong\tthe\t65%... | [
-0.0023987279273569584,
-0.017351286485791206,
0.05375423654913902,
-0.027770692482590675,
-0.07143570482730865,
-0.02795693650841713,
0.008602366782724857,
-0.06877698749303818,
-0.0021086435299366713,
0.0906216949224472,
0.13207942247390747,
-0.07721474766731262,
0.0010778746800497174,
-... |
poorly,\tif\tat\tall\t(\nSilberman\tand\tJin,\t2019\n).\tThis\thas\tpractical\timplications\twith\trespect\tto\tgroup\nfeeding\tprograms\tsuch\tas\tschool\n\tbreakfasts\tand\tlunches.\tHowever,\tmany\tlactose-intolerant\npeople\tare\table\tto\tdigest\tmilk\tin\tsmall\tto\tmoderate\tamounts\t(\nShaukat\tet\tal,\t2010\n)... | [
0.030576055869460106,
-0.012354638427495956,
0.11686313152313232,
0.00025942441425286233,
-0.12602335214614868,
-0.006656372919678688,
0.04743370786309242,
0.034982286393642426,
-0.027233315631747246,
0.04445113614201546,
0.0640813559293747,
0.0062347534112632275,
0.04577621817588806,
0.02... |
Shaukat\tet\tal,\t2010\n).\nPathophysiology\nWhen\tlarge\tamounts\tof\tlactose\tare\tconsumed,\tespecially\tby\tpersons\twho\thave\tlittle\tremaining\nlactase\tenzyme\tor\twith\tconcurrent\tGI\tproblems,\tloose\tstools\tor\tdiarrhea\tcan\toccur.\tAs\tis\tthe\tcase\nwith\tany\tmalabsorbed\tsugar,\tlactose\tmay\tact\n\to... | [
-0.00506626209244132,
-0.02003427967429161,
0.09018757194280624,
-0.015649376437067986,
-0.13565276563167572,
0.03303451091051102,
0.10637544840574265,
-0.06329788267612457,
-0.018038704991340637,
0.05615978315472603,
0.08632682263851166,
-0.0619947575032711,
0.036485135555267334,
0.006972... |
osmotically\tand\tincrease\tfecal\twater,\tas\twell\tas\tprovide\na\tsubstrate\tfor\trapid\tfermentation\tby\tintestinal\tbacteria,\twhich\tmay\tresult\tin\tbloating,\tflatulence,\nand\tcramps.\tMalabsorption\tof\tlactose\tis\tdue\tto\ta\tdeficiency\tof\tlactase,\tthe\tenzyme\tthat\tdigests\tthe | [
0.04891529679298401,
-0.06409528106451035,
0.06475475430488586,
-0.03722960501909256,
-0.09095858782529831,
-0.009214118123054504,
0.09720826894044876,
-0.01961738057434559,
-0.012142820283770561,
0.07681470364332199,
0.10295704007148743,
-0.07992593944072723,
0.007920445874333382,
0.05088... |
sugar\tin\tmilk.\tLactose\tthat\tis\tnot\thydrolyzed\tinto\tgalactose\tand\tglucose\tin\tthe\tupper\tsmall\tintestine\npasses\tinto\tthe\tcolon,\twhere\tbacteria\n\tferment\tit\tto\tSCFAs,\tcarbon\tdioxide,\tand\thydrogen\tgas.\nMedical\ttreatment\nLactose\tmalabsorption\tis\tdiagnosed\tby\t(1)\tan\tabnormal\thydrogen\... | [
-0.06163662299513817,
-0.03250671923160553,
0.024444030597805977,
0.02173730731010437,
-0.05438457429409027,
0.009423729963600636,
0.08534861356019974,
0.037279944866895676,
-0.0018998447339981794,
0.06996883451938629,
0.08953854441642761,
-0.027101855725049973,
-0.03638537973165512,
0.010... |
lactose\ttolerance\ttest.\tDuring\ta\thydrogen\tbreath\ttest,\tthe\tpatient\tis\tgiven\ta\tstandard\tdose\tof\tlactose\nafter\tfasting,\tand\tbreath\thydrogen\tis\tmeasured.\tIf\tlactose\tis\tnot\tdigested\tin\tthe\tsmall\tintestine,\tit\npasses\tinto\tthe\tcolon,\n\twhere\tit\tis\tfermented\tby\tthe\tgut\tmicrobiota\t... | [
0.04158750921487808,
-0.08962243795394897,
0.04538724198937416,
0.001400477602146566,
-0.06429243087768555,
0.05293427035212517,
0.03249906003475189,
0.056813910603523254,
-0.03437408432364464,
0.04401012510061264,
0.10695907473564148,
-0.009328474290668964,
-0.013906426727771759,
0.029080... |
2\n,\tand\thydrogen.\nHydrogen\tis\tabsorbed\tinto\tthe\tbloodstream\tand\tis\texhaled\tthrough\tthe\tlungs.\tThe\tbreath\thydrogen\ntest\tshows\tincreased\tlevels\t60\tto\t90\tminutes\tafter\tlactose\tingestion.\nDuring\ta\tlactose\ttolerance\ttest,\ta\tdose\tof\tlactose\tis\tgiven,\tand\tif\tthe\tindividual\thas\tsuf... | [
0.040407974272966385,
-0.0563947819173336,
0.05620066449046135,
0.005302561912685633,
-0.08129515498876572,
0.04073347523808479,
0.08296917378902435,
0.01812608540058136,
-0.02129524014890194,
0.07121749222278595,
0.11818695068359375,
-0.040178991854190826,
0.03134220838546753,
-0.00345959... |
lactase\tenzyme,\tblood\tsugar\trises,\treflecting\tthe\tdigestion\n\tof\tlactose\tto\tgalactose\tand\tglucose.\tIf\tthe\nindividual\tis\tlactose\tintolerant\t(lactase\tdeficient),\tblood\tsugar\twill\tnot\trise\tbecause\tthe\tlactose\tis\tnot\nabsorbed;\tit\tpasses\tinto\tthe\tcolon\tand\tGI\tsymptoms\tmay\tappear.\tT... | [
0.021388323977589607,
-0.12463948130607605,
0.008298280648887157,
-0.006664264015853405,
-0.09290973097085953,
0.02704564668238163,
0.052421245723962784,
0.04517415165901184,
-0.022714637219905853,
0.06777896732091904,
0.11358697712421417,
-0.011328862980008125,
-0.027258429676294327,
0.03... |
based\toriginally\ton\tan\toral\tdose\tof\tlactose\tequivalent\tto\tthe\tamount\tin\t1\tquart\tof\tmilk\t(50\tg).\nRecently\tdoses\tlower\tthan\t50\tg\tof\tlactose\thave\tbeen\tused\n\tto\tapproximate\tmore\tclosely\tthe\tusual\nconsumption\tof\tlactose\tfrom\tmilk\tproducts.\nDemonstrated\tlactose\tmalabsorption\tdoes... | [
0.008707272820174694,
-0.04995718225836754,
0.024177804589271545,
-0.03708412125706673,
-0.1302194744348526,
0.0017680791206657887,
0.08325204998254776,
-0.02198697440326214,
0.007209476549178362,
0.10915921628475189,
0.10726090520620346,
-0.024547995999455452,
0.06312335282564163,
0.04100... |
factors\tplay\ta\trole,\tincluding\tthe\tamount\tof\tlactose\tingested,\tthe\tresidual\tlactase\tactivity,\tthe\ningestion\tof\tfood\tin\taddition\tto\tlactose,\tthe\tability\tof\tthe\tgut\tmicrobiota\tto\tferment\tlactose,\tand\tthe\nsensitivity\tof\tthe\n\tindividual\tto\tthe\tlactose\tfermentation\tproducts\t(\nMiss... | [
0.06027493253350258,
-0.09842477738857269,
-0.001786008826456964,
0.008392702788114548,
-0.07773635536432266,
0.053402554243803024,
0.05490666255354881,
0.00724459532648325,
-0.011358000338077545,
0.09518443793058395,
0.14057935774326324,
-0.037657782435417175,
-0.013473976403474808,
0.093... |
Misselwitz\tet\tal,\t2013\n).\nConsumption\tof\tsmall\tamounts\tshould\tbe\tof\tlittle\tconsequence\tbecause\tthe\tSCFAs\tare\treadily\nabsorbed\tand\tthe\tgases\tcan\tbe\tabsorbed\tor\tpassed.\tLarger\tamounts,\tusually\tgreater\tthan\t12\tg/day,\nconsumed\tin\ta\tsingle\tfood\t(the\tamount\ttypically\tfound\tin\ta\tc... | [
-0.01934807561337948,
0.0012164809741079807,
0.042091406881809235,
-0.029883023351430893,
-0.11490882188081741,
0.04323166608810425,
0.08035449683666229,
-0.042680852115154266,
0.02042851224541664,
0.05220973119139671,
0.07988577336072922,
0.014153167605400085,
0.04701513051986694,
0.00313... |
substrate\tentering\tthe\tcolon\tthan\n\tcan\tbe\tdisposed\tof\tby\tnormal\tprocesses.\tBecause\tserving\tsizes\tof\nmilk\tdrinks\tare\tincreasing\tand\tmore\tthan\tone\tsource\tof\tlactose\tmay\tbe\tconsumed\tin\tthe\tsame\tmeal,\nthe\tamounts\tof\tlactose\tconsumed\tmay\tbe\tmore\timportant\tthan\tin\tyears\tpast\t(\... | [
0.026353856548666954,
-0.06996335834264755,
0.04941290616989136,
-0.05888514220714569,
-0.09584295749664307,
0.03908303752541542,
0.0844186469912529,
-0.03557679429650307,
-0.018189333379268646,
0.06530794501304626,
0.1112217828631401,
-0.03655664995312691,
0.05159233510494232,
0.036732282... |
Misselwitz\tet\tal,\t2013\n).\nMedical\tnutrition\ttherapy\nManagement\tof\tlactose\tintolerance\trequires\tdietary\tchange.\tThe\tsymptoms\tare\talleviated\tby\nreduced\tconsumption\n\tof\tlactose-containing\tfoods\t(see\t\nTable\t27.3\n\tfor\tcommon\tfoods\tcontaining\nlactose).\tThose\twho\tavoid\tdairy\tproducts\tm... | [
-0.006456849165260792,
-0.056814733892679214,
0.02644963748753071,
0.003284660866484046,
-0.03767336159944534,
0.02402297779917717,
0.09048271179199219,
0.0017598947742953897,
-0.006303180940449238,
0.050271328538656235,
0.15043875575065613,
-0.03787672892212868,
0.045518506318330765,
-0.0... |
they\tare\tdiligent\tabout\tincluding\tnondairy\tsources\tof\tthese\tnutrients.\tA\tcompletely\tlactose-free\tdiet\nis\tnot\tnecessary\tin\tlactase-deficient\tpersons.\tMost\tlactose\tmaldigesters\tcan\tconsume\tsome\tlactose\n(up\tto\t12\tg/day)\twithout\tmajor\n\tsymptoms,\tespecially\twhen\ttaken\twith\tmeals\tor\ti... | [
-0.03396950289607048,
-0.006345820147544146,
0.03069787099957466,
-0.009293243288993835,
-0.0800819993019104,
-0.004789833445101976,
0.10341610014438629,
0.04111972078680992,
0.010458710603415966,
0.06556106358766556,
0.10673347860574722,
-0.020595060661435127,
0.0631958618760109,
0.015703... |
or\tfermented\tdairy\tproducts\t(\nMisselwitz\tet\tal,\t2013\n). | [
-0.034924108535051346,
-0.022519182413816452,
-0.012151249684393406,
-0.024174341931939125,
-0.049579016864299774,
0.011658231727778912,
0.015680642798542976,
-0.0008639556472189724,
0.012017696164548397,
0.02549695409834385,
0.14017502963542938,
0.008249469101428986,
-0.00610404834151268,
... |
TABLE\t27.3\nLactose\tContent\tof\tCommon\tFoods\nProduct\nServing\nSize\nApproximate\tLactose\tContent\n(grams)\nMilk\t(nonfat,\t1%,\t2%,\twhole),\tchocolate\tmilk,\tacidophilus\nmilk,\tbuttermilk\n1\tcup\n10-12\nButter,\tmargarine\n1\ttsp\ntrace\nCheese\n1\tounce\n0-2\nCheddar,\tsharp\n1\tounce\n0\nAmerican,\tSwiss,\... | [
-0.02083209902048111,
-0.0879315510392189,
-0.020983988419175148,
-0.04463096335530281,
-0.12414862960577011,
0.0010037918109446764,
0.08193142712116241,
0.036793578416109085,
-0.02709871158003807,
-0.015304266475141048,
0.10484915971755981,
-0.12058931589126587,
0.013738100416958332,
-0.0... |
1\tounce\n1\nBleu\tcheese\n1\tounce\n2\nCottage\tcheese\n½\tcup\n2-3\nCream\t(heavy),\twhipped\tcream\n½\tcup\n3-4\nCream\tcheese\n1\tounce\n1\nEvaporated\tmilk\n1\tcup\n24\nHalf-and-half\n½\tcup\n5\nIce\tcream\n½\tcup\n6\nIce\tmilk\n½\tcup\n9\nNonfat\tdry\tmilk\tpowder\t(unreconstituted)\n1\tcup\n62\nSherbet,\torange\... | [
-0.051500700414180756,
-0.08276934921741486,
0.02295248582959175,
-0.043685831129550934,
-0.19059598445892334,
-0.042332619428634644,
0.07550504058599472,
0.010136930271983147,
-0.05429350957274437,
0.011953476816415787,
0.053788769990205765,
-0.08043187111616135,
0.056247539818286896,
-0.... |
½\tcup\n4\nSweetened\tcondensed\tmilk,\tundiluted\n1\tcup\n40\nYogurt,\n\tcultured,\tlow-fat\n*\n1\tcup\n5-10\n*\nNote:\tAlthough\tmost\tyogurt\tdoes\tcontain\tlactose,\tyogurt\twith\tlive\tcultures\tis\tgenerally\twell\ttolerated\tby\tthose\twith\tlactose\tintolerance.\nMany\tadults\twith\tintolerance\tto\tmoderate\ta... | [
-0.008484326303005219,
-0.0345655120909214,
0.045206449925899506,
-0.02735411748290062,
-0.07357463240623474,
-0.016992170363664627,
0.11304527521133423,
0.03003006801009178,
-0.05386880785226822,
0.02920239046216011,
0.08614987134933472,
-0.05116213113069534,
0.029690176248550415,
0.01147... |
more\tof\tlactose\tin\tmilk\t(equivalent\tto\tone\tcup\tof\tfull-lactose\tmilk)\twhen\tintroduced\tgradually,\tin\nincrements,\tover\tseveral\n\tweeks.\tIncremental\tor\tcontinuous\texposure\tto\tincreasing\tquantities\tof\nfermentable\tsugar\tcan\tlead\tto\timproved\ttolerance,\tnot\tas\ta\tconsequence\tof\tincreased\... | [
0.006609055213630199,
-0.09483673423528671,
0.010041076689958572,
-0.01778501272201538,
-0.14050078392028809,
0.024703213945031166,
0.043928541243076324,
0.019605211913585663,
-0.006019460503011942,
0.03855498507618904,
0.0901775136590004,
-0.06446751952171326,
0.015466023236513138,
0.0421... |
enzyme\tproduction\tbut\tby\taltered\tgut\tmicrobiota\tcomposition.\tThis\thas\tbeen\tshown\twith\tlactulose,\ta\nnonabsorbed\tcarbohydrate\tthat\tis\tbiochemically\tsimilar\tto\tlactose\t(\nLomer,\t2015\n).\tIndividual\ndifferences\tin\ttolerance\tmay\trelate\tto\tthe\n\tstate\tof\tcolonic\tadaptation.\tRegular\tconsu... | [
0.021595753729343414,
-0.10107189416885376,
0.04658986255526543,
-0.074684739112854,
-0.09385768324136734,
0.026372786611318588,
0.032468803226947784,
0.011314969509840012,
-0.011113261803984642,
0.090776726603508,
0.09286905080080032,
-0.06649065017700195,
0.0029130554758012295,
0.0595046... |
state\tof\tcolonic\tadaptation.\tRegular\tconsumption\tof\tmilk\nby\tlactase-deficient\tindividuals\tmay\tincrease\tthe\tthreshold\tat\twhich\tdiarrhea\toccurs.\nLactase\tenzyme\tin\ttablets\tor\tliquid\tor\tin\tmilk\tproducts\ttreated\twith\tlactase\tenzyme\t(e.g.,\tLactaid)\nare\tavailable\tfor\tlactose\tmaldigesters... | [
-0.019681738689541817,
-0.08647827059030533,
0.024263983592391014,
-0.047517213970422745,
-0.10814055055379868,
0.018759628757834435,
0.08418881148099899,
0.050372496247291565,
-0.026779351755976677,
0.056936491280794144,
0.08607400208711624,
-0.04394763708114624,
0.045120563358068466,
0.0... |
preparations\tmay\tdiffer\tin\ttheir\teffectiveness.\tFermented\n\tmilk\tproducts,\tsuch\tas\taged\tcheeses\tand\nyogurts,\tare\twell\ttolerated\tbecause\ttheir\tlactose\tcontent\tis\tlow.\tTolerance\tof\tyogurt\tmay\tbe\tthe\nresult\tof\ta\tmicrobial\tgalactosidase\tin\tthe\tbacterial\tculture\tthat\tfacilitates\tlact... | [
0.03542277216911316,
-0.04952752962708473,
0.04911462962627411,
-0.00649082800373435,
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0.0009780898690223694,
0.05862395465373993,
0.03730917349457741,
0.0016921061323955655,
0.04872770234942436,
0.10889389365911484,
-0.029593579471111298,
0.03798283636569977,
0.037641... |
intestine.\tThe\tpresence\tof\tgalactosidase\tdepends\ton\tthe\tbrand\tand\tprocessing\tmethod.\tBecause\tthis\nmicrobial\tenzyme\tis\tsensitive\tto\tfreezing,\tfrozen\tyogurt\n\tmay\tnot\tbe\tas\twell\ttolerated.\tAlthough\tthe\naddition\tof\tprobiotics\tmay\tchange\tthis,\tevidence\tis\tlacking\t(\nMorelli,\t2014\n).... | [
0.04059527814388275,
-0.06608568876981735,
0.03183022141456604,
-0.04443281888961792,
-0.05298732966184616,
0.011724281124770641,
0.07575910538434982,
0.02541469596326351,
0.010583882220089436,
0.1089189350605011,
0.08072718232870102,
-0.015506022609770298,
0.03389476612210274,
0.060972988... |
Morelli,\t2014\n).\tLactose-free\tor\treduced\nlactose\tenteral\tnutrition\tformulas\tare\twidely\tavailable\tfor\thospitalized\tand\tlong-term\tfeeding\ttube\npatients\t(see\t\nChapter\t12\n\tand\t\nAppendix\t16\n).\nFructose\tmalabsorption\nDietary\tfructose\texists\tin\tthree\tforms:\t(1)\tthe\tmonosaccharide,\t(2)\... | [
-0.0012578093446791172,
-0.09422614425420761,
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0.010560431517660618,
-0.045173682272434235,
0.02046911045908928,
-0.0010057393228635192,
0.04537905007600784,
0.0352722592651844,
0.0766882672905922,
0.07506836205720901,
-0.022580472752451897,
-0.04474782198667526,
0.03... |
of\nfructose\tand\tglucose,\tand\t(3)\tin\tchains\tas\tfructans.\tConsumption\tof\tfructose\tin\tthe\tUnited\tStates,\nespecially\tfrom\tfruit\tjuices,\tfruit\tdrinks,\tand\thigh-fructose\tcorn\tsyrup\t(HFCS)\tin\tsoft\tdrinks\tand\nconfections,\thas\tincreased\tsignificantly\tin\trecent\tyears.\tThe\thuman\tsmall\tint... | [
-0.012945814989507198,
-0.0528278574347496,
0.0063925012946128845,
0.020676879212260246,
-0.031098484992980957,
0.016949830576777458,
0.0851200670003891,
0.03489705175161362,
0.014005855657160282,
0.02892936021089554,
0.07532846182584763,
-0.07217518985271454,
-0.018476827070116997,
-0.006... |
ability\tto\tabsorb\tfructose,\tcompared\twith\tthe\tability\tto\tabsorb\tglucose\trapidly\tand\tcompletely.\nEtiology\nAlthough\t\nfructose\tmalabsorption\n\tis\tcommon\tin\thealthy\tpeople,\tits\tappearance\tdepends\ton\tthe\namount\tof\tfructose\tingested.\tAbsorption\tof\tfructose\tis\timproved\twhen\tit\tis\tinges... | [
0.03583995997905731,
-0.0927957072854042,
0.008513525128364563,
0.02645384520292282,
-0.08611330389976501,
0.017623193562030792,
0.0843462124466896,
0.024760106578469276,
-0.04904686287045479,
0.04473089426755905,
0.07351362705230713,
-0.06601583957672119,
-0.03988373652100563,
0.053069341... |
(such\tas\tin\tsucrose)\tbecause\tglucose\tabsorption\tstimulates\tpathways\tfor\tfructose\tabsorption.\nAlthough\tsome\tdegree\tof\tfructose\tmalabsorption\tmay\tbe\tnormal,\tthose\twith\tcoexisting\tGI\tdisorders\nmay\tbe\tmore\n\tlikely\tto\texperience\tGI\tsymptoms\tafter\tfructose\tingestion.\tPatients\twith\tIBS\... | [
0.030390150845050812,
-0.07528618723154068,
0.022319549694657326,
0.030567828565835953,
-0.07090861350297928,
-0.020618872717022896,
0.09365817904472351,
0.020900225266814232,
-0.02256232686340809,
0.012697086669504642,
0.10004670917987823,
0.005933151580393314,
0.01526784896850586,
0.0390... |
visceral\thypersensitivity\tmay\tbe\tmore\tsensitive\tto\tgas,\tdistension,\tor\tpain\tfrom\tfructose\nmalabsorption,\twhereas\tthose\twith\tsmall\tbowel\tbacterial\tovergrowth\t(SIBO)\tmay\texperience\nsymptoms\tfrom\tnormal\tamounts\tof\tfructose.\nPathophysiology\nBreath\thydrogen\ttesting\thas\trevealed\tthat\tup\t... | [
0.0495554581284523,
-0.09864434599876404,
0.025378825142979622,
0.041242752224206924,
-0.0567493736743927,
0.020257065072655678,
0.053513526916503906,
0.021866051480174065,
-0.0075989048928022385,
0.0631813108921051,
0.10402905195951462,
-0.03575430437922478,
-0.008140948601067066,
0.02112... |
incompletely\tabsorb\ta\nlarge\tquantity\tof\tfructose\t(50\tg)\ttaken\talone\t(Putkonen\tet\tal,\t2013).\nFructose\tcoexists\tin\tfood\twith\tother\tpoorly\tabsorbed\tcarbohydrates,\twhich\thave\tbeen\tgiven\tthe | [
0.0022820360027253628,
-0.08203347027301788,
0.000685264531057328,
-0.008143500424921513,
-0.08817321807146072,
-0.0018871043575927615,
0.08805153518915176,
-0.008862276561558247,
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0.030087770894169807,
0.09181420505046844,
-0.04749840870499611,
0.016435833647847176,
0... |
umbrella\tterm\tFODMAPs.\tIn\tone\trecent\tstudy,\trestricting\tFODMAPs\tin\tthe\tdiet\tdemonstrated\tglobal\nsymptom\trelief\tin\tthose\twith\tfructose\tor\tlactose\tintolerance,\twith\tthe\tbenefit\tindicating\tpossible\nrelationship\tto\n\tchanges\tin\tintestinal\thost\tor\tmicrobiome\tmetabolism\t(\nWilder-Smith\te... | [
0.01931699737906456,
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0.058324798941612244,
0.0046248286962509155,
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0.02580820396542549,
0.09038733690977097,
-0.012149936519563198,
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0.05116507411003113,
0.12190254032611847,
-0.044255759567022324,
-0.008772948756814003,
-0.00... |
Wilder-Smith\tet\tal,\t2017\n).\nMedical\tnutrition\ttherapy\nPeople\twith\tfructose\tmalabsorption\tand\tthose\tpatients\twith\tGI\tconditions\tthat\texperience\tsymptoms\nof\tfructose\tmalabsorption\tmay\tnot\thave\tproblems\twith\tfoods\tcontaining\tbalanced\tamounts\tof\tglucose\nand\tfructose\tbut\tmay\tneed\tto\t... | [
0.00195642770268023,
-0.04991748929023743,
-0.007683878298848867,
0.05306787043809891,
-0.026385797187685966,
0.03908880427479744,
0.06861840933561325,
0.025760477408766747,
-0.07116242498159409,
0.002153285313397646,
0.09990967065095901,
-0.0026298160664737225,
0.006503930781036615,
-0.03... |
Pear,\napple,\tmango,\tand\tAsian\tpear\tare\tnotable\tin\tthat\tthey\thave\tsubstantially\tmore\t“free\tfructose”\t(more\nfructose\tthan\tglucose).\tIn\taddition,\tmost\tdried\tfruits\tand\tfruit\tjuices\tmay\tpose\ta\tproblem\tin\tlarger\namounts\tbecause\tof\tthe\tamount\tof\tfructose\tprovided\tper\tserving.\tFoods... | [
0.015382139012217522,
-0.02178756520152092,
-0.005426179151982069,
0.01430495548993349,
-0.01179366372525692,
0.03938204050064087,
0.07042593508958817,
0.0014687400544062257,
0.01543061900883913,
0.049963805824518204,
0.14415304362773895,
-0.04502539336681366,
0.028872733935713768,
-0.0327... |
opposed\tto\tsucrose)\tare\talso\tmore\tlikely\tto\tcause\tsymptoms.\tThe\tdegree\tof\tfructose\tintolerance\tand\ntolerance\tto\tthe\tsymptoms\tof\tfructose\tmalabsorption\tare\tso\tvariable\tthat\tintake\tof\tthese\tfoods\tmust\ngenerally\tbe\tindividualized\twith\teach\tpatient\t(see\t\nTable\t27.7\n\tfor\ta\tlist\t... | [
0.027314847335219383,
-0.05412885919213295,
0.0228581465780735,
0.021917669102549553,
-0.04451804608106613,
0.01062801107764244,
0.03519442677497864,
0.06697262823581696,
-0.017235619947314262,
0.03745019808411598,
0.09844037145376205,
0.013622701168060303,
-0.001145060989074409,
0.0543670... |
content).\nInflammatory\tbowel\tdisease\nInflammatory\tbowel\tdisease\t(IBD)\n\tis\ta\tchronic\tand\trelapsing\tdisorder\tof\tthe\tgastrointestinal\ntract.\tIt\tis\tcharacterized\tby\tchronic\tintestinal\tinflammation\n\tand\tis\tcategorized\tinto\ttwo\tmajor\tforms\nas\teither\t\nCrohn’s\tdisease\n\tor\t\nulcerative\t... | [
0.009726794436573982,
-0.07862932235002518,
0.05400548502802849,
-0.048593152314424515,
-0.12274575233459473,
0.03656977415084839,
0.07398173213005066,
-0.0012371226912364364,
0.023391589522361755,
0.06485144793987274,
0.06972889602184296,
-0.02549365907907486,
-0.0182817280292511,
0.07040... |
ulcerative\tcolitis\t(UC)\n.\tCrohn’s\tdisease\tand\tUC\tare\trelatively\trare\ndisorders,\tbut\tthey\tresult\tin\tfrequent\tuse\tof\thealth\tcare\tresources.\tThe\tprevalence\tand\tincidence\tis\nincreasing\tas\tIBD\temerges\tas\ta\tglobal\tdisease,\tthough\tit\tremains\tmost\tprominent\tin\tindustrialized\nnations\t(... | [
0.03491564095020294,
-0.0724821388721466,
0.06378954648971558,
-0.037233687937259674,
-0.12195353955030441,
0.01415488962084055,
0.04185612127184868,
0.009910084307193756,
0.043048836290836334,
0.07199376076459885,
0.09109369665384293,
-0.0375945009291172,
0.01329429354518652,
0.0133919352... |
nations\t(\nLewis\tet\tal,\t2017\n).\tIt\tis\talso\tbecoming\tmore\tprevalent\n\tin\tolder\tadults\t(\nYe\tet\tal,\t2015\n).\nContrary\tto\tolder\tdata\tused\tin\testimates\tfrom\t1999,\tin\t2015\tthe\tCDC\tfound\tthat\t3.1\tmillion\t(1.3%)\nof\tadults\tin\tthe\tUnited\tStates\thad\tever\tbeen\tgiven\ta\tdiagnosis\tof\... | [
-0.014319346286356449,
0.009327667765319347,
0.032402120530605316,
-0.0777667835354805,
-0.06642167270183563,
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0.03550829738378525,
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0.003342087147757411,
0.10822395235300064,
0.07672145217657089,
-0.06846598535776138,
0.05056018382310867,
0.01058... |
percentage\tof\tindividuals\tat\tages\t45\tto\t64\t(1.5%)\tand\t≥65\t(1.7%)\tcompared\twith\tyounger\tage\ngroups.\tHispanics\tand\tnon-Hispanic\twhites\thad\ta\thigher\tprevalence\tthan\n\tnon-Hispanic\tblacks.\tLevel\nof\teducation,\temployment,\tand\tsocioeconomic\tstatus\twere\talso\tcorrelated\twith\tthose\twho\th... | [
0.08882725238800049,
-0.02498876489698887,
0.013648342341184616,
0.015211478807032108,
-0.04330681264400482,
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0.03602385148406029,
0.18569116294384003,
-0.07811961323022842,
-0.03352885693311691,
-... |
received\tan\tIBD\tdiagnosis\t(\nDahlhamer\tet\tal,\t2016\n).\nWhile\tthe\tonset\tof\tIBD\toccurs\tmost\toften\tin\tpatients\t15\tto\t30\tyears\tof\tage,\tfor\tsome\tit\toccurs\tlater\nin\tadulthood.\tIBD\toccurs\tmore\tcommonly\tin\tdeveloped\tareas\tof\tthe\tworld,\tbut\tin\tthe\tUnited\tStates\tit\nis\tmore\tprevale... | [
-0.03863408416509628,
0.01321971695870161,
0.052106842398643494,
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0.002870100550353527,
0.09044463187456131,
-0.004386106971651316,
0.0051133292727172375,
0.03418412804603577,
0.09182257205247879,
-0.03886084631085396,
0.07178297638893127,
0.00189... |
is\tmore\tprevalent\tin\tthose\n\tliving\tin\tpoverty\t(incomes\t<100%\tvs.\t≥400%\tof\tthe\tfederal\tpoverty\tlevel).\nThe\tdisease\thas\ta\thigher\tprevalence\tfor\tthose\tliving\toutside\tthe\tcentral\tcity\tof\ta\tmetropolitan\nstatistical\tarea.\tFactors\thaving\tno\timpact\ton\tprevalence\tincluded\tregion\tof\tr... | [
0.014858323149383068,
-0.012692879885435104,
0.041917409747838974,
-0.021153930574655533,
-0.11853347718715668,
0.00043532252311706543,
0.015918666496872902,
-0.003188131842762232,
0.01571359485387802,
0.05443599820137024,
0.09439844638109207,
-0.08352328091859818,
0.04865385219454765,
0.0... |
marital\tstatus,\tor\thealth\tinsurance\tcoverage\ttype\t(\nDahlhamer\tet\tal,\t2016\n).\tReasons\tfor\tthe\tvaried\nprevalence\tof\tIBD\tare\tnot\tentirely\n\tclear\tbut\temerging\tresearch\tis\tinvestigating\tmany\taspects\tof\tthe\nincreased\tinflammatory\tand\tproliferative\tstate,\tincluding\tetiology,\tepidemiolo... | [
-0.03220120072364807,
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0.047524869441986084,
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0.04074531048536301,
0.0301603265106678,
-0.04832293465733528,
-0.001035356312058866,
0.09016692638397217,
0.0943710133433342,
-0.039756737649440765,
0.0014573030639439821,
0.017... |
factors.\nCrohn’s\tdisease\tand\tUC\tshare\tsome\tclinical\tcharacteristics,\tincluding\tdiarrhea,\tfever,\tweight\tloss,\nanemia,\tfood\tintolerances,\tmalnutrition,\tgrowth\tfailure,\tand\textraintestinal\tmanifestations\t(arthritic,\ndermatologic,\tand\thepatic).\n\tIn\tboth\tforms\tof\tIBD,\tthe\trisk\tof\tmalignan... | [
0.07333607226610184,
-0.04201790690422058,
0.006561620160937309,
0.05536762624979019,
-0.04509260505437851,
0.03297331929206848,
0.054962631314992905,
0.08458246290683746,
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0.08114906400442123,
0.1043572723865509,
-0.05918979272246361,
-0.02814175933599472,
0.009574213... |
of\tthe\tdisease.\tAlthough\tmalnutrition\tcan\toccur\tin\tboth\tforms\tof\tIBD,\tit\tis\tmore\tof\ta\tlifelong\tconcern\nin\tpatients\twith\tCrohn’s\tdisease\tthan\twith\tUC.\tThe\tfeatures\tthat\tdistinguish\tthe\tforms\tof\tthe\tdisease\nin\tterms\tof\tgenetic\tcharacteristics,\tclinical\tpresentation,\tand\ttreatme... | [
0.010297098197042942,
-0.04868215695023537,
0.02752869948744774,
-0.00903748907148838,
-0.11613330245018005,
0.048173654824495316,
0.05727989599108696,
0.030643517151474953,
-0.005596799310296774,
0.040540605783462524,
0.06391280144453049,
-0.0026743144262582064,
0.03349378705024719,
0.018... |
TABLE\t27.4\nUlcerative\tColitis\tversus\tCrohn’s\tDisease\nUlcerative\tColitis\nCrohn’s\tDisease\nPresentation\nBloody\tdiarrhea\nPerianal\tdisease,\tabdominal\tpain\t(65%),\nmass\tin\tabdomen\nGross\tpathology\nRectum\talways\tinvolved\nRectum\tmay\tnot\tbe\tinvolved\nMoves\tcontinuously,\tproximally\nfrom\trectum\nC... | [
0.048824962228536606,
-0.08799444884061813,
0.014279811643064022,
-0.05432902276515961,
-0.1494140625,
-0.012375959195196629,
0.005264519713819027,
-0.00043763555004261434,
0.01601674221456051,
0.07827858626842499,
0.08385299891233444,
-0.041704725474119186,
0.021898463368415833,
0.0313237... |
from\trectum\nCan\toccur\tanywhere\talong\ngastrointestinal\ttract\nNot\tcontinuous:\t“skip\tlesions”\nThin\twall\nThick\twall\nFew\tstrictures\nStrictures\tcommon\nDiffuse\tulceration\nCobblestone\tappearance\nHistopathology\nNo\tgranulomas\nGranulomas\nLow\tinflammation\nMore\tinflammation\nDeeper\tulcers\t(hence\tna... | [
0.02257002517580986,
-0.041604142636060715,
0.03520800173282623,
-0.037370987236499786,
-0.1090003028512001,
-0.050111010670661926,
0.05656589940190315,
-0.05210937559604645,
0.01633548177778721,
0.03403903543949127,
0.10741652548313141,
-0.05181550979614258,
0.02528841234743595,
0.0099624... |
ulcerative)\nShallow\tulcers\nPseudopolyps\nAbscesses\tin\tcrypts\nFibrosis\nExtraintestinal\nmanifestations\nSclerosing\tcholangitis\nErythema\tnodosum\nPyoderma\tgangrenosum\nMigratory\tpolyarthritis\tGallstones\nComplications\nToxic\tmegacolon\nMalabsorption\nCancer\nCancer\nStrictures\tand\tfistulas\tare\tvery\nrar... | [
0.026686161756515503,
-0.08650001138448715,
0.03551911935210228,
-0.015302400104701519,
-0.1256106197834015,
-0.038309141993522644,
-0.005701412446796894,
0.07333993911743164,
-0.04313398897647858,
0.08386310935020447,
0.09270747005939484,
0.0008831399609334767,
-0.01139511913061142,
0.060... |
rare\nStrictures\tor\tfistulas\nPerianal\tdisease\nEtiology\nThe\tcause\tof\tIBD\tis\tnot\tcompletely\tunderstood\tand\tthere\tis\tno\tknown\tcure,\tbut\tthe\tmost\twidely\naccepted\tpathogenesis\tinvolves\tcomplex\tinteraction\tof\tthe\tGI\timmunologic\tsystem\tof\tthe\thost,\tand\ngenetic\tand\tenvironmental\tfactors... | [
0.014602595008909702,
-0.0803605318069458,
0.06978455185890198,
-0.008928858675062656,
-0.09278787672519684,
0.024795562028884888,
0.07539976388216019,
0.017961731180548668,
0.023845328018069267,
0.10721005499362946,
0.10802546888589859,
-0.06951667368412018,
0.024042710661888123,
0.046769... |
research\tis\talso\tinvestigating\tthe\trole\tof\tthe\tmicrobiota\nand\tits\tpotential\trole\tin\tthe\tdisease\t(\nNishida\tet\tal,\t2018\n).\tGenetic\tsusceptibility\tis\tnow\trecognized\tto\nbe\tdiverse,\twith\ta\tnumber\tof\tpossible\tgene\tmutations\tthat\taffect\trisk\tand\tcharacteristics\tof\tthe | [
0.015705831348896027,
-0.07865207642316818,
0.02293941006064415,
-0.00796356238424778,
-0.10434529930353165,
0.0006756684160791337,
0.06382692605257034,
0.014727219939231873,
0.017601378262043,
0.08948316425085068,
0.08693669736385345,
-0.02160423807799816,
-0.014886433258652687,
0.0653086... |
disease.\tThe\tdiversity\tin\tthe\tgenetic\talterations\tamong\tindividuals\tmay\thelp\texplain\tdifferences\tin\nthe\tonset,\taggressiveness,\tcomplications,\n\tlocation,\tand\tresponsiveness\tto\tdifferent\ttherapies\tas\tseen\nin\tthe\tclinical\tsetting.\tThe\tmajor\tenvironmental\tfactors\tinclude\tresident\tand\tt... | [
0.04781554266810417,
-0.004053172655403614,
0.06881681829690933,
0.01779557205736637,
-0.11275310069322586,
-0.008933663368225098,
0.09421366453170776,
-0.0008706392254680395,
-0.055919818580150604,
0.07451969385147095,
0.11161936074495316,
-0.06415903568267822,
0.010536082088947296,
0.012... |
microorganisms\tin\tthe\tGI\ttract\tand\tdietary\tcomponents.\nThe\tgenes\taffected\t(e.g.,\tC677T\tmutation\trelated\tto\tmethylene-tetrahydrofolate\treductase)\nnormally\tplay\ta\trole\tin\tthe\treactivity\tof\tthe\thost\tGI\timmune\tsystem\tto\tluminal\tantigens\tsuch\tas\tthose\nprovided\tby\tintestinal\tflora\tand... | [
0.017789466306567192,
-0.07968565821647644,
0.0404222309589386,
-0.046684570610523224,
-0.08501573652029037,
0.01118612103164196,
0.1040424332022667,
0.04143904894590378,
0.01940426602959633,
0.0762820914387703,
0.11323058605194092,
-0.09587494283914566,
0.004502375144511461,
0.08046304434... |
the\tabsence\tof\tgut\tmicrobiota.\tNormally,\twhen\tan\tantigenic\tchallenge\tor\ttrauma\toccurs,\tthe\timmune\nresponse\tis\tinitiated;\tit\tis\tthen\tturned\toff\tand\tcontinues\tto\tbe\theld\tin\tcheck\tafter\tthe\tchallenge\nresolves.\tIn\tIBD\thowever,\tincreased\tantigen\texposure,\tdecreased\thost\tdefense\tmec... | [
0.012791488319635391,
-0.030129043385386467,
0.08207052201032639,
-0.02262352593243122,
-0.09992087632417679,
-0.015206917189061642,
0.07940416783094406,
-0.03913886472582817,
0.01286911778151989,
0.0909726545214653,
0.0736444741487503,
-0.05368321016430855,
0.049816008657217026,
0.0230016... |
decreased\n\ttolerance\tto\tsome\tcomponents\tof\tthe\tgut\tmicrobiota\toccurs.\tInappropriate\tinflammatory\nresponse\tand\tan\tinability\tto\tsuppress\tit\tplay\tprimary\troles\tin\tthe\tdisease.\tFor\texample,\ttwo\tgenes,\nNOD\n2\n/CARD\n15\n\tand\tthe\tautophagy\tgene\tATG16L1\thave\tbeen\tlinked\tto\tone\tfunctio... | [
0.04917553439736366,
-0.030164144933223724,
0.029046453535556793,
0.001578000490553677,
-0.07973335683345795,
-0.005667084828019142,
0.07610339671373367,
0.08243300765752792,
0.0025146501138806343,
0.007954531349241734,
0.08560746908187866,
-0.006025770213454962,
0.006018976215273142,
0.02... |
bacterial\tsensing,\tinvasion,\tand\telimination.\tFailure\tof\tthese\tgenes\tto\tcome\ttogether\tcan\tlead\tto\nimpaired\tautophagy\tand\n\tpersistence\tof\tbacteria,\tresulting\tin\tabnormal\timmune\tresponses\t(\nBossuyt\nand\tVermeire,\t2016\n).\nThe\tWestern\tdiet\tmay\talso\tbe\ta\tcontributing\tfactor\tfor\tdeve... | [
-0.011084185913205147,
-0.048273224383592606,
0.045245442539453506,
-0.07866893708705902,
-0.06838512420654297,
0.0016257562674582005,
0.04548339173197746,
0.019726544618606567,
-0.013084392063319683,
0.1060342937707901,
0.12686805427074432,
-0.05954807996749878,
0.02879507839679718,
0.096... |
Lewis\tet\tal,\t2017\n).\tIn\nepidemiologic\tstudies,\tfactors\tassociated\twith\tof\tthe\tdevelopment\tof\tIBD\tinclude\tincreased\tsucrose\nintake,\tlack\tof\tfruits\tand\tvegetables,\ta\tlow\tintake\tof\tdietary\tfiber,\tincreased\tconsumption\tof\tred\tmeat\nand\talcohol,\taltered\tomega-6/omega-3\tfatty\tacid\trat... | [
-0.047099217772483826,
-0.022968830540776253,
0.023639174178242683,
0.014230377972126007,
-0.06335914134979248,
-0.01171008963137865,
0.07953624427318573,
-0.0010355088161304593,
-0.015965783968567848,
0.015467541292309761,
0.07106301188468933,
-0.07030662894248962,
0.0033162496984004974,
... |
Hlavaty\tet\nal,\t2015\n).\tDietary\tinterventions\tto\tmodify\tthese\tfactors\tduring\tIBD\tflares\tare\tstill\tunder\tinvestigation\n(\nOwczarek\tet\tal,\t2016\n).\nPathophysiology\nCrohn’s\tdisease.\nChrohn’s\tdisease\tmay\tinvolve\tany\tpart\tof\tthe\tGI\ttract,\tbut\tapproximately\t50%\tto\t60%\tof\tcases\ninvolve... | [
0.0036451949272304773,
-0.04955076426267624,
0.06845730543136597,
-0.04390663281083107,
-0.1077471673488617,
0.026272041723132133,
0.056847695261240005,
0.0003849967324640602,
0.0018148660892620683,
0.05841704085469246,
0.08733518421649933,
-0.03925253823399544,
0.0006942213512957096,
0.05... |
involve\tthe\tdistal\tileum\tand\tthe\tcolon.\n\tOnly\tthe\tsmall\tintestine\tor\tonly\tthe\tcolon\tis\tinvolved\tin\t15%\tto\n25%\tof\tcases.\tSome\tunique\tfeatures\tof\tCrohn’s\tdisease\tinclude\tsegments\tof\tinflamed\tbowel\tthat\tmay\nbe\tseparated\tby\thealthy\tsegments,\tand\ttransmural\tmucosal\tinvolvement\tt... | [
0.031673137098550797,
-0.02418956346809864,
0.054356854408979416,
-0.031713083386421204,
-0.14310425519943237,
0.0007837935700081289,
0.06834142655134201,
0.002241026610136032,
-0.02104254439473152,
0.07296613603830338,
0.07296238839626312,
-0.06819451600313187,
0.03391275182366371,
0.0613... |
mucosa.\tCrohn’s\tdisease\tis\talso\tcharacterized\tby\tabscesses,\tfistulas,\tfibrosis,\tsubmucosal\tthickening,\nlocalized\tstrictures,\tnarrowed\n\tsegments\tof\tbowel,\tand\tpartial\tor\tcomplete\tobstruction\tof\tthe\nintestinal\tlumen.\nUlcerative\tcolitis.\nUlcerative\tcolitis\tdisease\tactivity\tis\tlimited\tto... | [
0.045133572071790695,
-0.11806074529886246,
0.028587380424141884,
-0.03429688885807991,
-0.16869667172431946,
-0.005176548846065998,
0.011229942552745342,
0.036542318761348724,
0.02465391717851162,
0.06322867423295975,
0.088948555290699,
0.005120280664414167,
0.019686689600348473,
0.071194... |
process\tis\tcontinuous\tand\tis\tnormally\tlimited\tto\tthe\tmucosa.\tBleeding\tis\tmore\tcommon\tin\tUC\tas\twell.\nSee\t\nFig.\t27.5\n\t(A–C)\tand\tTable\t27.4\tto\tcompare\tand\tcontrast\tfurther.\nFIG.\t27.5\nA,\n\tNormal\tcolon.\t\nB,\n\tUlcerative\tcolitis.\t\nC,\n\tCrohn’s\tdisease.\n\t\nSource:\n\t(\nA,\n\tFro... | [
-0.03831460326910019,
-0.042968809604644775,
0.02328415960073471,
-0.06118159741163254,
-0.1176409125328064,
0.005294907372444868,
0.08688826113939285,
0.02313283085823059,
-0.0016447297530248761,
0.042094480246305466,
0.06862039864063263,
0.008926555514335632,
0.027512608096003532,
0.0632... |
colon—the\tlatest\tterrain\tfor\tcapsule\tendoscopy.\t\nDig\tLiver\tDis\n\t39[10]:895-899,\t2007.\t\nB,\n\tFrom\tBlack\tJM,\tHawks\tJH:\t\nMedical\tsurgical\nnursing:\tclinical\tmanagement\tfor\tpositive\toutcomes\n,\ted\t8,\tSt\tLouis,\t2009,\tSaunders.\t\nC,\n\tFrom\tMcGowan\tCE,\tLagares-Garcia\tJA,\nBhattacharya\tB... | [
-0.049690861254930496,
0.004466515965759754,
0.024904660880565643,
-0.05507997050881386,
-0.1034093126654625,
0.01425317395478487,
0.044288743287324905,
-0.0015449179336428642,
0.02114040032029152,
0.0194630715996027,
0.08920887112617493,
-0.0026725218631327152,
0.010020330548286438,
0.002... |
From\tMcGowan\tCE,\tLagares-Garcia\tJA,\nBhattacharya\tB:\tRetained\tcapsule\n\tendoscope\tleading\tto\tthe\tidentification\tof\tsmall\tbowel\tadenocarcinoma\tin\ta\tpatient\twith\nundiagnosed\tCrohn’s\tdisease,\t\nAnn\tDiagn\tPathol\n\t13[6]:390-393,\t2009.)\nThe\tinflammatory\tresponse\t(e.g.,\tincreased\tcytokines\t... | [
-0.04662296548485756,
-0.035246677696704865,
-0.00013247341848909855,
-0.05478545278310776,
-0.11072976887226105,
0.0019376355921849608,
0.08136561512947083,
0.10675060003995895,
0.04017830640077591,
-0.003273510606959462,
0.07520730793476105,
-0.005312921479344368,
0.04798946902155876,
0.... |
permeability,\tincreased\tproteases,\tand\tincreased\toxygen\tradicals\tand\tleukotrienes)\tresults\tin\tGI\ntissue\tdamage.\tIn\tIBD\teither\tthe\tregulatory\tmechanisms\n\tare\tdefective\tor\tthe\tfactors\tperpetuating\nthe\timmune\tand\tacute-phase\tresponses\tare\tenhanced,\tleading\tto\ttissue\tfibrosis\tand\tdest... | [
0.012388477101922035,
-0.06018519401550293,
0.061421409249305725,
0.00019561102089937776,
-0.08614715933799744,
0.018652908504009247,
0.11606304347515106,
0.04522162303328514,
-0.021103225648403168,
0.07792256772518158,
0.10349277406930923,
-0.042577363550662994,
0.020143430680036545,
0.05... |
clinical\tcourse\tof\tthe\tdisease\tmay\tbe\tmild\tand\tepisodic\tor\tsevere\tand\tunremitting\t(see\nPathophysiology\tand\tCare\tManagement\tAlgorithm:\n\tInflammatory\tBowel\tDisease\n). | [
0.025990303605794907,
-0.04486498236656189,
0.01761295273900032,
-0.030950425192713737,
-0.08712559938430786,
0.03672144189476967,
0.10253018140792847,
0.11968042701482773,
0.016563011333346367,
0.05885019153356552,
0.04004855826497078,
-0.03058900497853756,
-0.006012864410877228,
0.107075... |
Diet\tis\tan\tenvironmental\tfactor\tthat\tmay\ttrigger\trelapses\tof\tIBD.\tFoods,\tmicrobes,\tindividual\nnutrients,\tand\tincidental\tcontaminants\tprovide\ta\thuge\tnumber\tof\tpotential\tantigens,\tespecially\nconsidering\tthe\tcomplexity\tand\tdiversity\tof\tthe\tmodern\tdiet.\tMalnutrition\tcan\taffect\tthe\tfun... | [
0.010149570181965828,
-0.026371704414486885,
0.05408664792776108,
0.061576806008815765,
-0.024775847792625427,
0.03837677091360092,
0.12141862511634827,
-0.012594462372362614,
-0.07426980882883072,
0.032940611243247986,
0.11647532135248184,
-0.08338380604982376,
0.0006594730075448751,
-0.0... |
effectiveness\tof\tthe\tmucosal,\tcellular,\tand\timmune\tbarriers;\tdiet\talso\tcan\taffect\tthe\ttype\tand\trelative\ncomposition\tof\tthe\tresident\tmicroflora.\tSeveral\tnutrients,\tsuch\tas\tdietary\tfats\tor\tvitamin\tD,\tcan\naffect\tthe\tintensity\tof\tthe\tinflammatory\tresponse\t(\nHlavaty\tet\tal,\t2015\n;\t... | [
0.022810524329543114,
-0.04124986007809639,
0.026163192465901375,
-0.04563891142606735,
-0.0844501331448555,
0.06084568798542023,
0.07221654057502747,
0.07153517007827759,
0.0038505352567881346,
0.03216738998889923,
0.10586276650428772,
0.024637887254357338,
0.04747578874230385,
0.08171974... |
Hlavaty\tet\tal,\t2015\n;\t\nSadeghian\tet\tal,\t2016\n).\nFood\tallergies\tand\tother\timmunologic\treactions\tto\tspecific\tfoods\thave\tbeen\tconsidered\tin\tthe\npathogenesis\tof\tIBD\tand\tits\tsymptoms,\tthough\tthe\tincidence\tof\tdocumented\tfood\tallergies,\tcompared\nwith\tfood\n\tintolerances,\tis\trelativel... | [
0.011588895693421364,
-0.05336495861411095,
0.026990901678800583,
-0.014193720184266567,
-0.07965242117643356,
0.0075116828083992004,
0.08380357921123505,
0.011670081876218319,
-0.04925810173153877,
0.0610521025955677,
0.14514026045799255,
-0.052003949880599976,
0.030284598469734192,
0.029... |
molecules\tand\tcell\tfragments\tis\tlikely\tincreased\tin\tinflammatory\tstates,\twhich\twould\tallow\tthe\npotential\tfor\tincreased\tinteraction\tof\tantigens\twith\thost\timmune\tsystems\t(\nMichielan\tet\tal,\t2015\n).\nWhile\tdamage\tto\tepithelial\tbarrier\tfunction\tis\ta\tcharacteristic\tfeature\tof\tIBD,\tfur... | [
0.03249117732048035,
-0.07702524214982986,
0.054657820612192154,
-0.04328139126300812,
-0.05008198693394661,
0.045366737991571426,
0.1128530204296112,
0.0464334711432457,
-0.005930386949330568,
0.1077771708369255,
0.062222670763731,
-0.09692177921533585,
0.004185042344033718,
0.07158324867... |
needed\tto\tdetermine\n\twhether\tthis\tplays\ta\tprimary\trole\tin\tdisease\tdevelopment\tor\tas\ta\tsecondary\nresponse\tto\tinflammation\tin\tIBD\t(\nAntoni\tet\tal,\t2014\n).\nFood\tintolerances\toccur\tmore\toften\tin\tpersons\twith\tIBD\tthan\tin\tthe\tpopulation\tat\tlarge,\tbut\tthe\npatterns\tare\tnot\tconsist... | [
0.0027127577923238277,
-0.055601976811885834,
0.0503552109003067,
-0.08426366001367569,
-0.11679927259683609,
0.03457249701023102,
0.09110352396965027,
-0.006013285368680954,
-0.012550177052617073,
0.07633678615093231,
0.1301242858171463,
-0.05354739725589752,
0.06405211985111237,
0.052572... |
Reasons\tfor\tspecific\tand\tnonspecific\tfood\tintolerances\tare\tabundant\tand\n\tare\trelated\tto\tthe\tseverity,\nlocation,\tand\tcomplications\tassociated\twith\tthe\tdisease\tprocess.\tPartial\tGI\tobstructions,\nmalabsorption,\tdiarrhea,\taltered\tGI\ttransit,\tincreased\tsecretions,\tfood\taversions,\tand\tasso... | [
0.003174195531755686,
-0.056046195328235626,
0.04223411902785301,
-0.001442824606783688,
-0.01759290136396885,
-0.011922835372388363,
0.12202379107475281,
0.04107486829161644,
0.027246251702308655,
0.06294240802526474,
0.0926242247223854,
-0.07704069465398788,
-0.03013857640326023,
0.04101... |
are\tbut\ta\tfew\tof\tthe\tproblems\texperienced\tby\tpersons\twith\tIBD.\tHowever,\tneither\tfood\tallergies\tnor\nintolerances\tfully\texplain\tthe\tonset\tor\tmanifestations\tin\tall\tpatients\t(see\t\nChapter\t25\n).\nMedical\tmanagement\nThe\tgoals\tof\ttreatment\tin\tIBD\tare\tto\tinduce\tand\tmaintain\tremission... | [
0.03766529634594917,
-0.029215967282652855,
0.056983739137649536,
-0.013877528719604015,
-0.09855075180530548,
0.015634093433618546,
0.11548250913619995,
-0.00028703128919005394,
-0.004599322564899921,
0.04413721710443497,
0.11804795265197754,
-0.015216641128063202,
0.06147658824920654,
0.... |
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