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Mannino,\t2014\n).\nNeoplasms\tof\tthe\tlower\trespiratory\ttract\tare\ta\theterogeneous\tgroup\tof\ttumors.\tThe\tgroup\ncommonly\tcalled\t\nbronchogenic\tcarcinomas\n\tcomprises\n\tsquamous\tcell\tcarcinoma,\tadenocarcinoma,\nsmall\tcell\tundifferentiated\tcarcinoma,\tand\tlarge\tcell\tundifferentiated\tcarcinoma\tan...
[ 0.036820948123931885, 0.007028851192444563, 0.022037465125322342, -0.05264028161764145, -0.044869448989629745, -0.017005547881126404, 0.10067752748727798, 0.05730584263801575, -0.06032863259315491, 0.10507431626319885, 0.10952083766460419, -0.060584649443626404, 0.045349448919296265, 0.044...
of\tall\tthe\tneoplasms\tof\tthe\tlower\trespiratory\ttract.\tMortality\tis\tmore\tcommon\tin\tmales\tthan\tfemales,\nalthough\tthis\tdifference\tis\tdiminishing.\tWhile\tthe\tfemale\tincidence\trate\tis\tstabilizing,\tthe\tmale\nincidence\trate\tseems\tto\tbe\tdecreasing\t(\nBaldini,\t2014\n).\nPathophysiology
[ 0.048168253153562546, -0.02461390569806099, 0.089447021484375, -0.010348952375352383, -0.12032562494277954, 0.013964186422526836, 0.07981124520301819, 0.029332749545574188, -0.020048582926392555, 0.0875612124800682, 0.08822668343782425, -0.03238215297460556, -0.0024839560501277447, 0.02706...
Baldini,\t2014\n).\nPathophysiology\nOften\tlung\tcancer\tis\tdetected\ton\ta\troutine\tchest\tradiograph\tin\tan\tasymptomatic\tsmoker.\tOther\npatients\tmay\tpresent\twith\tsymptoms\trelated\tto\tthe\ttumor\titself,\tsymptoms\trelated\tto\tthe\tlocal\nextension\tof\tthe\ttumor\tor\twidespread\tmetastases,\tor\tsystem...
[ 0.03751200810074806, -0.06477105617523193, 0.058634355664253235, 0.016527598723769188, -0.13278433680534363, -0.021916471421718597, 0.08227206021547318, 0.019181586802005768, -0.06880127638578415, 0.04794687032699585, 0.112554170191288, -0.062001943588256836, -0.025522299110889435, 0.03514...
loss,\tweakness,\tand\tparaneoplastic\tsyndromes.\nDyspnea\tis\tthe\tmost\tburdensome\tcancer\tsymptom\tand\toccurs\n\tin\t25%\tto\t40%\tof\tlung\tcancer\npatients\tat\tdiagnosis.\tIn\taddition\tto\tthe\ttumor,\tother\tfactors\tcontribute\tto\tthe\tsymptom\tof\tdyspnea—\nfactors\tsuch\tas\tpericardial\teffusion,\tanemi...
[ 0.034073010087013245, -0.06940712034702301, 0.014167742803692818, 0.037930674850940704, -0.05485391989350319, -0.006395175587385893, 0.05782897025346756, 0.09782978892326355, -0.03954576328396797, 0.0033891370985656977, 0.02214529551565647, 0.0007055090391077101, 0.09256266802549362, 0.016...
other\torgans,\taspiration,\tanorexia-cachexia\tsyndrome,\tand\tpleural\teffusion.\nPatients\twith\tlung\tcancer\tsuffer\tfrom\tprogressive\tweight\tloss\twith\tchanges\tin\tbody\tcomposition.\nMalnutrition\timpairs\tthe\tcontractility\tof\tthe\trespiratory\tmuscles,\taffecting\tendurance\tand\trespiratory\nmechanics.
[ 0.06179381161928177, -0.016362758353352547, 0.028883181512355804, 0.052016641944646835, -0.09282583743333817, -0.030644413083791733, 0.0907742977142334, 0.019589895382523537, -0.09717068076133728, 0.029941610991954803, 0.10483408719301224, -0.044269219040870667, 0.004985095001757145, -0.00...
mechanics.\nCough\tis\tpresent\tin\t50%\tto\t75%\tof\tlung\tcancer\tpatients\tat\tpresentation\tand\toccurs\tmost\tfrequently\nin\tsquamous\tcell\tand\tsmall\tcell\tcarcinoma\tbecause\tof\ttheir\ttendency\tto\tinvolve\tcentral\tairways\n(\nKocher\tet\tal,\t2015\n).\nPain\tand\tfatigue\tare\tcommon\tsymptoms\tassociated...
[ 0.0009022328886203468, -0.014372800476849079, 0.06349046528339386, -0.015290407463908195, -0.1118321344256401, 0.004381238948553801, 0.0930129662156105, 0.03275556117296219, 0.017905348911881447, 0.03184514865279198, 0.10654028505086899, -0.022111058235168457, 0.03731071949005127, 0.051419...
The\ttumor\tmay\tproduce\npleuritic\tpain\tbecause\tof\ttumor\textension\tinto\tthe\tpleura,\tor\tmusculoskeletal\ttype\tpain\tbecause\tof\nextension\tinto\tthe\tchest\twall.\tBone\tpain\tmay\toccur\tas\ta\tresult\tof\tmetastases\tto\tthe\tbones.\tBone\nmetastases\tin\tpatients\twith\tlung\tcancer\taccount\tfor\t30%\tt...
[ 0.01195492036640644, -0.02612259052693844, 0.0462348610162735, -0.009293651208281517, -0.08208929002285004, 0.023462198674678802, 0.0903807282447815, 0.0038504248950630426, 0.023062489926815033, 0.028122490271925926, 0.10206835716962814, -0.016165602952241898, 0.060138948261737823, 0.00934...
stage\tcancer\tand\t75%\tto\t100%\tof\tadvanced\tstage\tcancer\tpatients\treport\tfatigue\t(\nKocher\tet\tal,\t2015\n).\nPulmonary\tcachexia\tsyndrome\taffects\tpatients\twith\tadvanced\tlung\tdisease.\tIn\tlung\tcancer,\tweight\nloss\tis\tassociated\twith\tincreasing\tmortality,\tand\tweight\tloss\tof\teven\t5%\tindic...
[ 0.028398999944329262, 0.0009414858068339527, 0.018093181774020195, 0.0002209575177403167, -0.11009188741445541, -0.012243290431797504, 0.04954355210065842, 0.08149249851703644, -0.021412251517176628, -0.024089626967906952, 0.08172761648893356, -0.03728248178958893, 0.028703738003969193, 0....
Although\tanorexia\tand\tcachexia\tare\ttwo\tdifferent\tentities,\tthey\toften\tare\tused\tinterchangeably\n(\nKocher\tet\tal,\t2015\n)\t(see\t\nChapter\t35\n).\nMedical\tmanagement\nThe\tchoice\tof\tdefinitive\tmanagement\tfor\n\ta\tparticular\tpatient\tis\tdetermined\tby\tnumerous\tfactors,
[ 0.06447653472423553, -0.04761449247598648, 0.056090399622917175, 0.021509505808353424, -0.08826187252998352, -0.02197013795375824, 0.10751479864120483, -0.0004116357595194131, -0.04244497790932655, 0.009936386719346046, 0.0670575350522995, -0.005694620311260223, 0.005099858622997999, 0.020...
a\tparticular\tpatient\tis\tdetermined\tby\tnumerous\tfactors,\nsuch\tas\tthe\ttumor\tcell\ttype,\ttumor\tstage,\tresectability\tof\tthe\ttumor,\tand\tsuitability\tof\tthe\tpatient\tfor\ngeneral\tanesthesia\tand\tsurgery.\tSome\tpatients\tneed\tgeneral\tpalliative\tcare\tin\tterms\tof\tpsychological
[ 0.05532631650567055, -0.04665498435497284, 0.050728876143693924, -0.013329383917152882, -0.1138509064912796, 0.01645296812057495, 0.07553388178348541, 0.014309452846646309, 0.0214324202388525, 0.03408947214484215, 0.08863506466150284, -0.005488602444529533, 0.02274070307612419, 0.062970556...
support,\tcontrol\tof\tdistressing\tsymptoms,\tand\tpalliative\tradiation.\tNutritional\tsupport\tplays\ta\tvery\nimportant\trole\tin\tthe\tmanagement\tof\n\tadvanced\tlung\tcancer.\nMedical\tnutrition\ttherapy\nThe\tNational\tComprehensive\tCancer\tNetwork\t(NCCN)\tguidelines\tinclude\tnutritional\tassessments,\nmedic...
[ 0.002051536226645112, -0.009651655331254005, 0.025627942755818367, -0.01922634057700634, -0.08166100084781647, 0.023921189829707146, 0.08707781881093979, 0.03761987388134003, -0.023115288466215134, 0.013744495809078217, 0.10480435937643051, 0.01848696731030941, 0.01280791126191616, 0.03546...
1.\t\nTreat\tthe\treversible\tcauses\tof\tanorexia\tsuch\tas\tearly\tsatiety\n2.\t\nEvaluate\tthe\trate\tand\tseverity\tof\tweight\tloss\n3.\t\nTreat\tthe\tsymptoms\tinterfering\twith\tfood\tintake:\tnausea\tand\n\tvomiting,\tdyspnea,\tmucositis,\nconstipation,\tand\tpain\n4.\t\nAssess\tthe\tuse\tof\tappetite\tstimulan...
[ 0.017226070165634155, -0.08119525760412216, 0.04420792683959007, 0.0192145686596632, -0.08405999094247818, 0.004913370590656996, 0.08329363912343979, 0.06731298565864563, -0.03125032037496567, 0.06575147807598114, 0.08773666620254517, -0.005051283165812492, 0.050790607929229736, 0.04179226...
5.\t\nProvide\tnutritional\tsupport\t(enteral\tor\tparenteral)\t(\nDel\tFerraro\tet\tal,\t2012\n)\nCancer\tcachexia\tsyndrome\t(CCS)\n\tis\tthe\tpresence\tof\ta\tmetabolic\tstate\tthat\tleads\tto\tenergy\tand\nmuscle\tstore\tdepletion\tin\tlung\tcancer\tpatients.\tWhen\tpatients\texperience\n\tCCS,\tthey\tlose\tadipose...
[ 0.015391476452350616, -0.03567899018526077, 0.04697095975279808, 0.002542780479416251, -0.08846968412399292, 0.004319078288972378, 0.097071073949337, 0.07230423390865326, -0.026453159749507904, 0.015160376206040382, 0.07687188684940338, -0.0019533263985067606, 0.0120936818420887, 0.0678323...
CCS,\tthey\tlose\tadipose\tand\nskeletal\tmuscle\tmass.\tChanges\tin\thormone\tand\tcytokine\tlevels,\talong\twith\ttumor\tbyproducts,\tcause\nCCS.\tWeight\tloss\tseen\twith\tCCS,\tunlike\tstarvation,\tis\tirreversible\tand\tcontinues\tto\tworsen\tdespite\nincreased\tnutritional\tintake\t(\nHuhmann\tand\tCamporeale,\t2...
[ -0.04324741289019585, -0.020143838599324226, 0.050068438053131104, 0.012761786580085754, -0.07495444267988205, 0.003729637712240219, 0.10658498853445053, 0.031827811151742935, 0.011468428187072277, 0.04337325319647789, 0.11237012594938278, -0.0740717351436615, 0.005221809726208448, 0.04354...
Huhmann\tand\tCamporeale,\t2012\n)\t(see\t\nChapter\t35\n).\nHowever,\tdespite\tthese\tfindings,\treversible\tcauses\tof\tanorexia\tshould\tbe\tsought\tand\ttreated.\nAlthough\n\tnutritional\tsupport\tdoes\tnot\timprove\tspirometric\tvalues\tand\tarterial\tblood\tgas\tand\tdoes\tnot\nstop\tweight\tloss,\tit\tdoes\tmode...
[ -0.004796925000846386, -0.035829219967126846, 0.07426640391349792, -0.0007426154334098101, -0.07569341361522675, 0.026934048160910606, 0.1422334909439087, 0.0076973652467131615, -0.023033782839775085, 0.036562126129865646, 0.08659540116786957, -0.02199440449476242, 0.011277570389211178, 0....
of\tlife,\tand\tinspiratory\tand\texpiratory\tmuscle\tstrength\t(\nBellini,\t2013\n).
[ -0.0008236754219979048, 0.045189518481492996, 0.055723320692777634, -0.014309810474514961, -0.06865490972995758, 0.011612726375460625, 0.1350480616092682, 0.029792850837111473, -0.034314438700675964, 0.03240244835615158, 0.12169194221496582, -0.09073832631111145, -0.0012051297817379236, 0....
Nutrition\trepletion\tis\tproblematic\tin\tadvanced\tlung\tdisease\tbecause\tfatigue\tand\tdyspnea\ttend\tto\ninterfere\twith\tthe\tpreparation\tand\n\tconsumption\tof\tfood.\tAlterations\tin\tthe\ttaste\tof\tfood\tbecause\tof\nchronic\tsputum\tproduction,\tearly\tsatiety\tresulting\tfrom\tflattening\tof\tthe\tdiaphrag...
[ 0.013533806428313255, -0.07285680621862411, 0.05737174302339554, 0.014458703808486462, -0.0725158154964447, 0.016170570626854897, 0.09785200655460358, 0.006892434787005186, -0.06458667665719986, 0.05511041358113289, 0.100998654961586, -0.031843822449445724, 0.017314717173576355, -0.0057597...
indigestion\tresulting\tfrom\tside\teffects\tof\tmedications,\tand\tlack\tof\tmotivation\tto\teat\tbecause\tof\ndepression\tmake\tit\tdifficult\tfor\tthe\tpatient\tto\ttake\tadequate\tnutrition\tby\tthe\toral\troute.\tHowever,\naccepted\tcomponents\tof\toral\tnutrition\ttherapy\n\tare\tthe\tfollowing:\n1.\t\nSmall\tfre...
[ 0.0038409193512052298, -0.07868613302707672, 0.03103005141019821, 0.008884524926543236, -0.07414460927248001, 0.02362147346138954, 0.08429169654846191, 0.035082802176475525, 0.0071156080812215805, -0.016871590167284012, 0.08503952622413635, 0.0006220460054464638, 0.07135574519634247, 0.024...
1.\t\nSmall\tfrequent\tmeals\tthat\tare\tcalorie\tand\tprotein\tdense\n2.\t\nProvide\tcalorie\tlevel\tthat\tmeets\tor\texceeds\tthe\tresting\tenergy\texpenditure\t(REE)\n3.\t\nRest\tbefore\tmeals\n4.\t\nMeals\tthat\trequire\tminimal\tpreparation\n5.\t\nOral\tnutritional\tsupplements\t(homemade\tor\tpreprepared)
[ -0.017007999122142792, -0.021952731534838676, 0.09458737075328827, -0.01300021167844534, -0.031939536333084106, 0.038035888224840164, 0.11163091659545898, 0.031258903443813324, -0.0032083767000585794, 0.04273713752627373, 0.11500532925128937, -0.0202323067933321, 0.04621833562850952, -0.00...
5.\t\nOral\tnutritional\tsupplements\t(homemade\tor\tpreprepared)\nWith\tpulmonary\tCCS,\tpatients\tare\tunable\tto\tgain\tweight\twith\tnutritional\tinterventions\talone.\nProkinetic\n\tagents\tfor\tdelayed\tgastric\temptying\tcan\tbe\tused\twith\tcareful\tconsideration\tof\tside\teffects.
[ -0.03366926684975624, -0.0393042266368866, 0.07671850174665451, 0.02590118907392025, -0.08505787700414658, -0.01006324216723442, 0.12600453197956085, 0.013088040053844452, -0.031054485589265823, 0.008750197477638721, 0.10748811066150665, -0.048848796635866165, -0.011823737993836403, 0.0056...
Megestrol\tacetate,\tan\tappetite\tstimulant,\tmay\tresult\tin\tincreasing\tappetite\tand\tcaloric\tintake.\nGhrelin\t(a\tgrowth\thormone\treleasing\tpeptide)\tlowers\tfat\tuse\tand\tstimulates\tfeeding\tthrough\tgrowth\nhormone\tindependent\tmechanisms,\tthereby\tinducing\ta\tpositive\tenergy\tbalance.\tStudies\thave\...
[ 0.04646666347980499, -0.07690814882516861, 0.09614650905132294, -0.008670371025800705, -0.09693476557731628, 0.016983777284622192, 0.11039428412914276, 0.014475774951279163, -0.045402467250823975, 0.08026652783155441, 0.1135900542140007, -0.07450025528669357, -0.01659681834280491, 0.035359...
that\trepeated\tintravenous\n\t(IV)\tadministration\tof\tghrelin\timproves\tbody\tcomposition,\tlowers\tmuscle\nwasting,\tand\tincreases\tfunctional\tcapacity\t(\nBellini,\t2013\n).\nOne\tstudy\tsuggests\tthat\twhole\tbody\tprotein\tmetabolism\tin\tpulmonary\tpatients\tmay\tbenefit\tfrom
[ 0.03341260552406311, -0.05407867580652237, 0.06344063580036163, -0.035447992384433746, -0.14657077193260193, 0.01848554238677025, 0.12168468534946442, 0.06976685672998428, 0.024181196466088295, 0.033217042684555054, 0.11293388158082962, -0.025285864248871803, 0.016472848132252693, 0.051031...
branched-chain\tamino\tacid\t(BCAA)\tsupplementation.\tThis\tstudy\twas\tthe\tfirst\tof\tits\tkind\tin\tassessing\nthe\tclinical\tbenefits\tof\tsupplementing\tBCAA\tin\ta\tpreoperative\tpulmonary\n\trehabilitation\tcenter;\t6.2\tg\nof\tBCAA\tsupplementation\twas\tthe\trecommended\tdaily\tdosage.\tHowever\tthe\teffect\t...
[ 0.021352583542466164, -0.04267022758722305, 0.08334419131278992, -0.05793505534529686, -0.15514445304870605, -0.02752651832997799, 0.06525785475969315, -0.03352538123726845, 0.03300321847200394, 0.06869612634181976, 0.10598661750555038, -0.020421884953975677, 0.03605147451162338, 0.0268030...
supplementation\tfor\tlung\tcancer\tpatients\thas\tnot\tbeen\tclarified\tand\trequires\tfurther\tstudy\tbefore\nspecific\trecommendations\tcan\tbe\tmade.\tA\tcomprehensive\tpulmonary\trehabilitation\tprotocol\tincludes\nnutritional\tsupport\tand\tphysical\texercise\t(\nHarada\tet\tal,\t2013\n).\nObesity\thypoventilatio...
[ -0.006912153214216232, -0.011029129847884178, 0.044478416442871094, 0.01931907795369625, -0.08270114660263062, 0.011763518676161766, 0.0693407952785492, 0.03791162371635437, -0.0011026711435988545, -0.001562860794365406, 0.07586289942264557, 0.0018200353952124715, 0.015355597250163555, 0.0...
syndrome\nObesity\thypoventilation\tsyndrome\t(OHS)\n\tis\tdefined\tas\ta\tBMI\tof\tmore\tthan\t30\tkg/m\n2\n\tand\talveolar\nhypoventilation\tdefined\tby\tarterial\tCO\n2\n\t(Paco\n2\n)\tlevel\tof\tmore\tthan\t45\tmm\tHg\tduring\twakefulness,\nwhich\toccurs\tin\tthe\tabsence\tof\tother\tconditions\tthat\tcause\thypove...
[ 0.00360801606439054, -0.031205419450998306, 0.07613308727741241, 0.010092834942042828, -0.06193457171320915, 0.0173562653362751, 0.06652805209159851, 0.03254701569676399, 0.0022682552225887775, 0.014796995557844639, 0.08483125269412994, -0.02218708209693432, 0.013790659606456757, 0.0382097...
Piper\tand\tGrunstein,\n2011\n).\nAlveolar\thypoventilation\tin\tOHS\tis\trelated\tto\tthe\tmultiple\tphysiologic\tabnormalities\tassociated\n\twith\nobesity:\tobstructive\tsleep\tapnea\t(OSA),\tincreased\twork\tof\tbreathing,\trespiratory\tmuscle\timpairment,\na\tdepressed\tcentral\tventilator\tdrive,\tand\treduced\te...
[ 0.005338932387530804, -0.08338179439306259, 0.04177858680486679, -0.030806714668869972, -0.07656083256006241, 0.046958841383457184, 0.07692418992519379, 0.01009039394557476, 0.01704854890704155, 0.03387734666466713, 0.0769573226571083, -0.04474707692861557, 0.023571263998746872, 0.06204109...
(\nKoenig,\t2011\n;\t\nPiper\tand\tGrunstein,\t2011\n).\nObstructive\tsleep\tapnea\t(OSA)\n\tis\ta\tcommon\tchronic\tdisorder,\twhich\tis\tcharacterized\tby\tloud\nsnoring,\texcessive\tdaytime\tsleepiness,\tand\twitnessed\tbreathing\n\tinterruptions\tor\tawakenings\tbecause\nof\tgasping\tor\tchoking.\tThe\tpresence\tor...
[ -0.03402925282716751, -0.02871689759194851, 0.05134737864136696, -0.03241649642586708, -0.047054439783096313, 0.016490258276462555, 0.05666325241327286, -0.05335276946425438, 0.058142684400081635, 0.017792850732803345, 0.051840927451848984, 0.008524695411324501, 0.038181938230991364, -0.01...
sleep\tstudy\t(polysomnography)\tbefore\tinitiating\ttreatment\t(\nKapur\tet\tal,\t2017\n).\tThe\tpolysomnography\nalso\tserves\tas\ta\tbaseline\tto\testablish\tthe\teffectiveness\tof\tthe\tsubsequent\ttreatment\t(\nEpstein\tet\tal,\n2009\n).\nMedical\tmanagement\nDepending\ton\tthe\tnumber\tof\tepisodes\n\tof\tapnea\t...
[ 0.02316271699965, -0.06301344186067581, 0.07383885979652405, 0.039347656071186066, -0.08720344305038452, 0.020023437216877937, 0.0738305151462555, -0.006948621943593025, 0.009985481388866901, 0.015373027883470058, 0.061008818447589874, 0.00033109888317994773, 0.0294380784034729, 0.03495411...
of\tapnea\tor\t\nhypopnea\n\t(overly\tshallow\tbreathing)\tper\thour,\nOSA\tis\tgraded\tas\tmild,\tmoderate,\tor\tsevere.\tPatients\twith\tOSA\tcommonly\tare\ttreated\twith\ta\ncontinuous\tpositive\tairway\tpressure\t(CPAP)\n\tmachine,\twhich\tincludes\ta\tmask\tworn\tover\tthe\tnose,\nor\tnose\tand\tmouth\tthat\tprovi...
[ -0.03054782748222351, 0.0051352656446397305, 0.05499318614602089, -0.015174949541687965, -0.08393491804599762, -0.000763610762078315, 0.0884239673614502, 0.0006889671785756946, 0.028559572994709015, 0.007896116934716702, 0.07314770668745041, 0.01831074431538582, 0.09162236005067825, 0.0531...
modalities\tfor\tOSA\tmust\tbe\tused\tin\taddition\tto\tweight\tloss\n\tbecause\tof\tthe\tlow\tsuccess\tand\tlow\tcure\nrates\tby\tdietary\tapproach\talone.\nMedical\tnutrition\ttherapy\nWeight\treduction\tby\tMNT\tor\tby\tbariatric\tsurgery\tremains\tan\timportant\tcomponent\tof\tmanagement\nof\tthese\tcases\t(see\t\n...
[ -0.015481964685022831, -0.039343610405921936, 0.04186374694108963, -0.030526626855134964, -0.06425897032022476, -0.005648283753544092, 0.07890208810567856, -0.02911999076604843, -0.029588378965854645, 0.05890227481722832, 0.12997931241989136, -0.028257016092538834, 0.06034475937485695, 0.0...
).\tA\tguideline\tfrom\tthe\tAmerican\tThoracic\tSociety\trecommends\ta\nlifestyle\tintervention\tconsisting\tof\treduced\tcalorie\tintake,\texercise\tor\tincreased\tphysical\tactivity,\tand\nbehavioral\n\tguidance,\tstating\tthat\tweight\tloss\tis\tassociated\twith\timprovements\tin\trespiratory\nfunction,\tcardiometa...
[ 0.014220958575606346, -0.05904814600944519, 0.07025377452373505, 0.008823240175843239, -0.1273530125617981, -0.005617727525532246, 0.0855787992477417, -0.034061480313539505, -0.02603301964700222, 0.0630807876586914, 0.09692372381687164, -0.07383985072374344, 0.0318622924387455, 0.027845533...
Hudgel\tet\tal,\t2018\n).\tIn\ta\tmulticenter\nstudy\tof\tpatients\twith\tOSA\tundergoing\tRoux-en-Y\tgastric\tbypass\tsurgery,\tOSA\twas\treduced\tfrom\t71%\nto\t44%\tone\tyear\tlater\tin\tthese\tpatients;\thowever,\tmoderate\tto\tsevere\tOSA\tremained\tin\t20%\tof\tthe\npatients\t(\nPeromaa-Haavisto\tet\tal,\t2017\n)...
[ 0.009943721815943718, -0.032795507460832596, 0.03083631582558155, -0.03604726493358612, -0.10081067681312561, -0.010603854432702065, 0.03368622437119484, 0.04218318313360214, -0.01905939169228077, 0.015683015808463097, 0.11707942187786102, -0.031141873449087143, 0.04607824236154556, -0.009...
Peromaa-Haavisto\tet\tal,\t2017\n).\nPleural\teffusion\nPleural\teffusion\n\tis\tthe\taccumulation\tof\tthe\tfluid\tin\tthe\tpleural\tspace.\tThe\tpleura,\twhich\tis\tthe\tlayer\nthat\tsurrounds\tthe\tlung,\tis\tdivided\tinto\tvisceral\tand\tparietal\tlayers\tand\tin\tbetween\tis\ta\tsmall\tspace
[ 0.012567308731377125, -0.03037049062550068, 0.05944720283150673, -0.06176341325044632, -0.10215037316083908, -0.01956494152545929, 0.06571498513221741, 0.016377490013837814, 0.03681162744760513, 0.0776059702038765, 0.09179363399744034, -0.05293918028473854, -0.002734840614721179, 0.0345888...
that\tcontains\tabout\t10\tto\t20\tmL\tfluid.\tIf\tthere\tis\tincreased\tproduction\tor\tdecreased\tdrainage\tin\tthe\npleural\tspace,\tfluid\tcan\taccumulate.\tPleural\teffusion\tcan\tbe\teither\n\ttransudate\tor\texudate\t(\nFeller-\nKopman\tand\tLight,\t2018\n).\tTransudate\teffusion\tis\tusually\tdue\tto\tcongestiv...
[ -0.01132480800151825, -0.00988102424889803, 0.04270872101187706, -0.06334472447633743, -0.06302418559789658, -0.017129726707935333, 0.05238499492406845, -0.0013226715382188559, 0.028449539095163345, 0.061655182391405106, 0.09033335000276566, -0.032963648438453674, 0.07832875847816467, 0.00...
disease,\tor\tkidney\tdisease,\twhile\texudate\teffusion\tmay\toccur\tdue\tto\tinfection,\tmalignancy,\tand\nautoimmune\tdisorders.\nPleural\teffusion\tcan\tbe\tfound\tincidentally\ton\tchest\timaging\tin\tpatients\twho\tare\tasymptomatic\tor\ncan\tpresent\twith\tshortness\tof\tbreath,\tchest\tpain,\tor\tsymptoms\n\tre...
[ 0.013279259204864502, -0.039398908615112305, 0.04279875010251999, -0.04566749557852745, -0.11349964886903763, -0.005217694211751223, 0.0782088041305542, 0.057467106729745865, -0.024602966383099556, 0.050925448536872864, 0.11622195690870285, -0.019974537193775177, 0.06080019101500511, 0.034...
as\tpneumonia\tor\tcongestive\theart\tfailure.\tEffusions\tcan\tbe\tunilateral\tor\tbilateral.\t\nFig.\t33.9\n\tis\ta\tCT\nscan\tof\ta\tpatient\twith\tbilateral\tpleural\teffusion.\nFIG.\t33.9\nComputed\ttomography\t(CT)\tscan\tshowing\tbilateral\tpleural\teffusions.\nMedical\tmanagement\nThe\tmanagement\tof\tpleural\t...
[ 0.006913410034030676, -0.03470423072576523, 0.055782414972782135, -0.04011881351470947, -0.10512810945510864, -0.01580081507563591, 0.017365748062729836, 0.050754666328430176, 0.005925372242927551, 0.018704093992710114, 0.11675630509853363, 0.01526928786188364, 0.05143661051988602, 0.04142...
the\tfluid\teither\tto\tmake\ta\tdiagnosis\tor\tto\trelieve\tsymptoms\tin\tthose\twith\tlarge\teffusions.\tFluid\tcan\tbe\ndrained\tby\ta\tprocedure\tcalled\tthoracentesis,\twhich\tcan\tbe\tdone\tas\tan\toutpatient\tor\tinpatient\n\tat\tthe\nbedside.\tThose\twho\thave\trecurrent\teffusion\tmight\tbenefit\tfrom\ta\tlong...
[ 0.0280587337911129, -0.03072104975581169, 0.05132332071661949, -0.04780437424778938, -0.09180311113595963, -0.026173928752541542, 0.054910268634557724, 0.04247177392244339, 0.019315486773848534, 0.024214891716837883, 0.1124182641506195, -0.0015206225216388702, 0.04613659530878067, 0.052900...
placement\tof\tan\tindwelling\tpleural\tcatheter\tto\tdrain\tthe\tfluid\tas\tneeded\tor\tthrough\tmore\tinvasive\nprocedures\tsuch\tas\tinjection\tof\tchemicals\t(talc\tor\tdoxycycline)\tto\tachieve\tpleurodesis,\twhich\tis\tan\nobliteration\tof\tthe\tpleural\tspace\tto\tprevent\taccumulation\tof\tfluid\tor\trecurrent\...
[ 0.021445993334054947, -0.060704123228788376, 0.05153340846300125, -0.016827918589115143, -0.09214998036623001, -0.018601350486278534, 0.09606122225522995, -0.011192171834409237, 0.012081188149750233, 0.07805617898702621, 0.09698852151632309, -0.018881378695368767, 0.07512424141168594, 0.05...
Medical\n\tnutrition\ttherapy\nNeither\tevidence-based\tguidelines\tnor\tresearch\texists\tfor\tappropriate\tMNT\tfor\tthe\tpatient\twith\ta\npleural\teffusion.\tHowever,\tMNT\tinterventions\tshould\tbe\tdirected\ttoward\tthe\tunderlying\tdisorder\ncausing\tthe\tpleural\teffusion;\tfor\texample,\tsodium\tand\tfluid\tre...
[ 0.0030841222032904625, -0.023886824026703835, 0.052409686148166656, -0.028978032991290092, -0.05484564229846001, -0.03929058834910393, 0.05252591520547867, 0.04279092699289322, -0.0013058895710855722, -0.017659220844507217, 0.07143156230449677, 0.030785737559199333, 0.02020948752760887, 0....
heart\tfailure.\tMalnutrition\tmay\texist\tdue\tto\tthe\tprimary\tdisorder\tand\tshould\tbe\tappropriately\ndiagnosed\tand\ttreated.\nChylothorax\nChylothorax\n\tis\ta\trare\tcause\tof\tpleural\teffusion.\tIt\tis\tcaused\tby\tthe\tdisruption\tor\tobstruction\tof\tthe\nthoracic\tduct,\twhich\tresults\tin\tthe\tleakage\t...
[ 0.019573189318180084, 0.01052859053015709, 0.06302252411842346, -0.03678682819008827, -0.03564276918768883, 0.01575895957648754, 0.02955399453639984, 0.027194462716579437, -0.019825458526611328, 0.07136839628219604, 0.09450169652700424, -0.04548991098999977, 0.06310701370239258, 0.06800770...
pleural\tspace.\tThe\tfluid\ttypically\thas\ta\tmilky\tappearance.\tA\tpleural\tfluid\ttriglyceride\tconcentration\tof\nmore\tthan\t110\tmg/dL\tstrongly\tsupports\tthe\tdiagnosis\n\tof\ta\tchylothorax\t(\nHeffner,\t2018\n).\nChylothorax\tcan\tresult\tfrom\tnontraumatic\tcauses\tsuch\tas\tsarcoidosis\tor\tbenign\tidiopa...
[ 0.00022344831086229533, -0.06808415800333023, 0.04065743461251259, -0.05679500848054886, -0.07206540554761887, -0.009734705090522766, 0.019652200862765312, 0.09325491636991501, 0.00246499665081501, 0.04974523186683655, 0.06577180325984955, -0.007679040543735027, 0.05438069999217987, 0.0919...
chylothorax.\tIt\tcan\toccur\tbecause\tof\tsurgical\ttrauma\tsuch\tas\tpostoperative\tchylothorax\tor\npostpneumonectomy\tchylothorax.\nMedical\tmanagement\nThe\tprinciples\tof\tmanagement\tof\tchylothorax\tare\t(1)\ttreatment\tof\tthe\tunderlying\tcondition\tsuch\tas\nsarcoidosis,\tinfection,\tlymphoma,\n\tor\tmetasta...
[ -0.007221944164484739, -0.004872003570199013, 0.02920157089829445, -0.02943131886422634, -0.06922325491905212, 0.01597047597169876, 0.00026749909739010036, 0.05465184524655342, 0.006473129149526358, 0.08475997298955917, 0.04894757643342018, 0.005682929884642363, 0.10108362138271332, 0.0700...
or\tmetastatic\tcarcinoma\tand\t(2)\tpleural\tdrainage\tto\trelieve\ndyspnea.\tThose\tpatients\twho\tdo\tnot\timprove\tby\tthoracentesis\tand\tdietary\tcontrol\tmeasures\tmay\thave\nto\tbe\ttreated\tby\tpleurodesis\tor\tthoracic\tduct\tligation\t(\nHeffner,\t2018\n).\nMedical\tnutrition\ttherapy
[ 0.0026323685888201, -0.0392741858959198, 0.038851410150527954, -0.012788982130587101, -0.11489176750183105, -0.029011614620685577, 0.061571069061756134, 0.04769599810242653, -0.01496546808630228, 0.026043463498353958, 0.08772628009319305, 0.035536885261535645, 0.06167948991060257, 0.044188...
Heffner,\t2018\n).\nMedical\tnutrition\ttherapy\nThe\tgoal\tof\tMNT\tis\tto\treduce\tthe\tflow\tof\tchyle,\tparticularly\tin\tpatients\twith\tlow\tvolume\tchylous\ndrainage\t(less\tthan\tone\tliter\tdaily),\tby\n\tconsuming\ta\thigh-protein,\tlow-fat\t(less\tthan\t10\tgrams)\tdiet\n(\nHeffner,\t2018\n).\tDecreasing\tfa...
[ 0.02245270274579525, -0.1247926875948906, 0.03273915499448776, -0.042113374918699265, -0.1353798508644104, -0.019920630380511284, 0.04939214140176773, 0.06640022248029709, -0.04237549751996994, 0.008063009940087795, 0.08185194432735443, -0.013630560599267483, 0.03877002000808716, 0.0455557...
tract\tand\ttherefore\treduces\tchyle\tproduction.\tLong-chain\ttriglycerides\tshould\tbe\tavoided.\tThe
[ 0.03216634318232536, -0.09602335095405579, -0.002709115855395794, -0.048781868070364, -0.07589901238679886, -0.009229440242052078, 0.0041573382914066315, 0.04598422348499298, 0.01801154389977455, 0.04925418272614479, 0.1073305755853653, -0.023437175899744034, -0.02771858684718609, 0.048589...
restrictive\tvery-low-fat\tdiets\tmay\tpromote\tvitamin,\tparticularly\tfat-soluble\tvitamin,\tand\tessential\nfatty\tacid\tdeficiencies\tso\tintravenous\tvitamins\n\tand\tlipid\temulsions\tmay\tbe\tneeded.\tVery-low-fat\nenteral\tformulas\tare\talso\tavailable.\tIf\tthe\tpleural\tdrainage\tdecreases,\tmedium-chain\ttr...
[ 0.016588348895311356, -0.07171136140823364, 0.058250728994607925, 0.01140583399683237, -0.07024082541465759, -0.04657461494207382, -0.007744473870843649, 0.0725996121764183, -0.07704777270555496, -0.010186688043177128, 0.11724124103784561, -0.03056792914867401, -0.027608374133706093, 0.025...
(MCTs)\tcould\tbe\tadded\tto\tthe\tdiet\tor\tenteral\tformula\tbecause\tMCTs,\tafter\tabsorption\tin\tthe\ngastrointestinal\ttract,\tbypass\tthe\tlymphatic\tsystem\tand\tare\tdirectly\ttransported\tto\tthe\tliver\tvia\tthe\nportal\tvein.\tMCTs\tare\tnot\tvery\tpalatable\tand\tthey\thave\n\tside\teffects\tsuch\tas\tgast...
[ 0.02650112845003605, -0.10015798360109329, 0.061938874423503876, -0.025911983102560043, -0.07977594435214996, -0.01947227492928505, 0.1034863144159317, 0.05348576232790947, 0.008731956593692303, 0.04637613147497177, 0.11373952776193619, -0.01271966565400362, 0.04767896234989166, 0.02988718...
side\teffects\tsuch\tas\tgastrointestinal\tupset,\nsteatorrhea,\tand\thyperlipidemia.\tAs\tthe\tchylous\tdrainage\tdeclines,\tfat\tintake\tcan\tbe\tgradually\nincreased.\tIt\tmay\ttake\t7\tto\t10\tdays\tfor\tthe\tchylous\tdrainage\tto\tclear.\tPatients\twith\thigh\tvolume\nchylous\tdrainage\t(greater\tthan\tone\tliter)...
[ 0.009193879552185535, -0.06742080301046371, 0.042609889060258865, -0.01226072758436203, -0.07760122418403625, -0.019856644794344902, 0.01821039617061615, 0.06274113059043884, -0.02672528475522995, 0.03767134249210358, 0.05484294891357422, 0.037557147443294525, 0.061504218727350235, 0.04541...
may\tbe\tneeded\tfor\tpatients\twith\thigh\tvolume\tdrainage\tand\n\tfor\tthose\twho\tdo\tnot\trespond\tto\ta\tvery-\nlow-fat\tintake.\nAcute\trespiratory\tdistress\tsyndrome\nAcute\trespiratory\tdistress\tsyndrome\t(ARDS)\n\tis\ta\tclinical\tstate\tin\twhich\tpatients\tdevelop\tdiffuse\npulmonary\tinfiltrates,\tsevere...
[ 0.030862905085086823, 0.01081822719424963, 0.050411101430654526, -0.006051939912140369, -0.033302877098321915, -0.022251054644584656, 0.09211872518062592, 0.009503091685473919, -0.08267518877983093, 0.04456082731485367, 0.10663394629955292, -0.026975078508257866, 0.0744750127196312, 0.0620...
sepsis\tor\ttrauma\tthat\tlead\tto\tthe\tdevelopment\tof\tARDS\talso\tresult\tin\ta\thypermetabolic\tstate\tthat\nmarkedly\n\tincreases\tnutritional\trequirements\t(\nARDS\tDefinition\tTask\tForce\tet\tal,\t2012\n).\nPathophysiology\nFor\tnormal\tgas\texchange,\tit\tis\tessential\tthat\tdry,\tpatent\talveoli\tbe\tin\tc...
[ 0.007406183984130621, -0.08545385301113129, 0.07030747085809708, -0.022317292168736458, -0.08190371096134186, 0.02978840470314026, 0.05023140087723732, 0.03015064261853695, -0.033923808485269547, 0.08731947094202042, 0.12250964343547821, -0.02272144705057144, -0.005513669457286596, 0.07463...
When\tan\tinjury\tproduces\tdiffuse\talveolar\tdamage,\tproinflammatory\tcytokines\tare\treleased.\tThese\ncytokines\tpromote\tmigration\tof\tneutrophils\tto\tthe\tlungs,\twhere\tthey\tbecome\tactivated\tand\trelease\ntoxic\n\tmediators,\twhich\tproduce\tfurther\tdamage\tto\tthe\talveolar\tepithelium\tand\tcapillary\te...
[ 0.008040374144911766, -0.0716014951467514, -0.013490854762494564, -0.020431693643331528, -0.03570050373673439, 0.019222337752580643, 0.08847427368164062, 0.07396059483289719, 0.012244981713593006, 0.060988061130046844, 0.1091240644454956, -0.001052692998200655, 0.03260912373661995, 0.08059...
This\tdamage\tallows\tprotein\tto\tescape\tinto\tthe\tinterstitium.\tAlveoli\tget\tfilled\twith\tbloody,\nproteinaceous\tfluid\twhich\tinterferes\twith\tgas\texchange,\tand\tsevere,\trefractory\thypoxemia\tresults.\nVarious\tclinical\tconditions\tcan\tlead\tto\tthe\tdevelopment\tof\tARDS\t(\nTable\t33.3\n).\nTABLE\t33....
[ -0.02965436317026615, -0.019312797114253044, 0.0441402792930603, -0.03547719120979309, -0.04911669343709946, -0.041464921087026596, 0.06834734976291656, 0.032593969255685806, -0.02556549198925495, 0.055634669959545135, 0.10216701775789261, -0.049657661467790604, 0.014108272269368172, 0.028...
Table\t33.3\n).\nTABLE\t33.3\nCommon\tClinical\tConditions\n\tAssociated\twith\tAcute\tRespiratory\tDistress\tSyndrome\t(ARDS)\nMost\tCommon\nLess\tCommon\nPneumonia\nSepsis\nDrug\ttoxicity\nAspiration\nInhalation\tinjury\nNear\tdrowning\nRespiratory\tsyncytial\tvirus\nTransfusion\trelated\tacute\tlung\tinjury\nTrauma
[ 0.021137572824954987, -0.029436063021421432, 0.009879665449261665, -0.04165145382285118, -0.0597713403403759, -0.005369105376303196, 0.06916444003582001, 0.05137386918067932, -0.03777599707245827, 0.08263816684484482, 0.10427211225032806, -0.02214457094669342, 0.04700102657079697, 0.094632...
Transfusion\trelated\tacute\tlung\tinjury\nTrauma\nAdapted\tfrom\tSaguil\tA,\tFargo\tM:\tAcute\trespiratory\tdistress\tsyndrome:\tdiagnosis\tand\tmanagement,\t\nAm\tFam\tPhys\n\t85:352,\t2012.\nPatients\twith\tARDS\tpresent\n\twith\tacute\tonset\tof\tshortness\tof\tbreath,\ttachypnea,\tand\thypoxemia,\nwhich\tis\trefra...
[ 0.008212019689381123, 0.008042427711188793, 0.019309017807245255, -0.019964464008808136, -0.03666703775525093, 0.015267311595380306, 0.02333856374025345, 0.07227019220590591, -0.05972449854016304, 0.04068296030163765, 0.06960079073905945, -0.013933355920016766, 0.016996042802929878, 0.0332...
which\tis\trefractory\tto\toxygen\tsupplementation.\nMedical\tmanagement\nThe\tprinciples\tof\tARDS\tmanagement\tare\tthe\tfollowing\t(\nSiegel,\t2013\n):\n•\t\nTreatment\tof\tunderlying\tcause\tsuch\tas\tsepsis,\taspiration,\tor\tbacterial\tpneumonia\n•\t\nMechanical\tventilatory\tsupport\n•\t\nICU\tincluding\tsedatio...
[ -0.0337003730237484, -0.02408725582063198, 0.050358839333057404, -0.03950416296720505, -0.06654999405145645, 0.020255491137504578, 0.038944438099861145, 0.03170124813914299, -0.007633233908563852, 0.057484839111566544, 0.11789221316576004, 0.02205819822847843, 0.029953215271234512, 0.05215...
•\t\nEnsuring\themodynamic\n\tstability\n•\t\nPrevention\tof\tcomplications\tsuch\tas\tstress\tulcers\t(gastrointestinal\tprophylaxis),\nhyperglycemia,\tdeep\tvenous\tthrombosis,\tand\taspiration\tpneumonia\n•\t\nNutritional\tsupport\n•\t\nTherapies\twith\tcorticosteroids,\texogenous\tsurfactant,\tantioxidants,\tand\ti...
[ 0.016539113596081734, -0.07327810674905777, 0.029709534719586372, 0.04568019136786461, -0.03630857169628143, 0.048907920718193054, 0.07417185604572296, 0.07774101942777634, -0.0394628643989563, 0.054321788251399994, 0.10622040927410126, -0.012712785974144936, 0.017920227721333504, 0.030727...
have\tbeen\tused\tbut\thave\tnot\tshown\tconsistent\tbenefit.\nMedical\tnutrition\ttherapy\nMalnutrition\tis\tcommon\tin\tthese\n\tpatients\twho\trequire\tmechanical\tventilation.\tPatients\twith\tsevere\nrespiratory\tdisease\thave\tincreased\tmetabolic\tneeds\tand\trequire\tprompt\tinitiation\tof\tsupplemental
[ 0.03730031102895737, -0.013789034448564053, 0.0611879825592041, 0.027611039578914642, -0.08683568984270096, 0.036232974380254745, 0.11643889546394348, 0.020461658015847206, -0.057414982467889786, 0.01752806268632412, 0.08866937458515167, -0.04713177680969238, 0.026550589129328728, 0.025655...
nutrition.\tIt\tis\timportant\tto\tconsider\tissues\trelated\tto\tenergy\tand\tprotein\tuse.\nNutrition\tsupport\tin\tARDS\tpatients\tis\tnecessary\tfor\tpreventing\tcumulative\tcaloric\tdeficits,\tloss\tof\nLBM,\tmalnutrition,\tand\tdeterioration\tof\trespiratory\n\tmuscle\tstrength\t(\nKrzak\tet\tal,\t2011\n).\tAccor...
[ 0.002253577345982194, -0.01967712491750717, 0.06558309495449066, 0.020645715296268463, -0.08155351132154465, 0.02982315607368946, 0.12209787219762802, 0.07027199864387512, -0.10459582507610321, 0.04421164095401764, 0.0757727324962616, -0.05402086675167084, 0.01410642359405756, 0.0224970262...
muscle\tstrength\t(\nKrzak\tet\tal,\t2011\n).\tAccording\tto\nthe\t2016\tSociety\tof\tCritical\tCare\tMedicine\tand\tAmerican\tSociety\tfor\tParenteral\tand\tEnteral\nNutrition\t(SCCM/ASPEN)\tguidelines,\ta\tstandard\tenteral\tformula\tcan\tbe\tadministered\tand\ta\nconcentrated\tformula\tmay\tbe\tneeded\tfor\tthose\tw...
[ -0.014291010797023773, -0.026537282392382622, 0.0560610294342041, -0.008737439289689064, -0.07425219565629959, -0.008914492093026638, 0.031147506088018417, 0.03846241161227226, -0.0411955825984478, 0.037832748144865036, 0.09078197926282883, -0.025007393211126328, 0.004668906796723604, 0.04...
(\nMcClave\tet\tal,\t2016\n).\nPatients\twith\tARDS\tare\tat\thigh\trisk\tfor\tcomplications\n\tas\ta\tresult\tof\tunderfeeding\tor\toverfeeding\n(\nTable\t33.4\n).\tReduction\tin\trespiratory\tmuscle\tstrength\tis\ta\tnegative\tconsequence\tof\tunderfeeding,\nwhich\tleads\tto\tproblems\tin\tweaning\tfrom\tmechanical\t...
[ -0.007669137325137854, -0.019693581387400627, 0.07090987265110016, -0.049797628074884415, -0.0747336596250534, 0.0037487163208425045, 0.057606808841228485, 0.004727297928184271, -0.07231289148330688, 0.08956608176231384, 0.11127986013889313, -0.06550004333257675, 0.031656816601753235, 0.02...
immunosuppression,\tand\trisk\tof\tnosocomial\t(hospital\tacquired)\tinfections\tincrease\trelated\tto\ninadequate\tcalories\tand\tprotein.\tOverfeeding\tleads\tto\tundesirable\n\toutcomes\tsuch\tas\tstress
[ 0.0026526600122451782, -0.03367253765463829, 0.023201972246170044, -0.03826465085148811, -0.08812461048364639, 0.04369619861245155, 0.14373816549777985, 0.08060961961746216, -0.015853140503168106, 0.06421444565057755, 0.08755195140838623, -0.03461106866598129, 0.029390757903456688, 0.07485...
hyperglycemia,\tdelayed\tweaning\tfrom\tmechanical\tventilation,\tand\tdelayed\twound\thealing\t(\nKrzak\tet\nal,\t2011\n).\tEffective\tMNT\trequires\tcareful\tassessment\tand\tmonitoring.\tSee\t\nChapter\t37\n\tfor\tfurther\ndiscussion\ton\tMNT\tfor\tmetabolically\tstressed\tpatients.\nTABLE\t33.4
[ -0.04314238950610161, -0.03152085095643997, 0.033327385783195496, -0.0030613155104219913, -0.10239444673061371, -0.04974520206451416, 0.10886165499687195, 0.054150260984897614, -0.0560728944838047, -0.0023602221626788378, 0.0739419236779213, -0.013417437672615051, -0.007865575142204762, -0...
discussion\ton\tMNT\tfor\tmetabolically\tstressed\tpatients.\nTABLE\t33.4\nComplications\tResulting\tfrom\tOverfeeding\tand\tUnderfeeding\tin\tAcute\tRespiratory\tDistress\tSyndrome\n(ARDS)\tPatients\nOverfeeding\nUnderfeeding\nNosocomial\tinfections\nHypercapnia\nImmunosuppression\nFailure\tin\tweaning\tfrom\tmechanic...
[ 0.0022932819556444883, -0.02152201347053051, 0.041813917458057404, 0.0024656974710524082, -0.08437400311231613, -0.023046040907502174, 0.06396809965372086, 0.05969027429819107, -0.02792677842080593, 0.02063947170972824, 0.08700496703386307, -0.02278238907456398, 0.03642166033387184, 0.0762...
Poor\twound\thealing\nElectrolyte\timbalance\nAzotemia\nNosocomial\tinfections\nImmunosuppression\nDepressed\trespiratory\tmuscle\tstrength\nFailure\tin\tweaning\tfrom\tmechanical\tventilator\nLow\tventilatory\tdrive\nAdapted\tfrom\tKrzak\tA,\tet\tal:\tNutrition\ttherapy\tfor\tALI\n\tand\tARDS,\t\nCrit\tCare\tClin\n\t2...
[ 0.040131825953722, -0.009388918988406658, 0.07919428497552872, 0.03166370838880539, -0.09725483506917953, -0.009450016543269157, 0.09636133164167404, 0.0700855478644371, -0.08403684943914413, 0.042458441108465195, 0.0701792761683464, -0.043496452271938324, 0.07024911046028137, 0.0245215706...
and\tARDS,\t\nCrit\tCare\tClin\n\t27:647,\t2011.\nPneumonia\nAn\tinflammatory\tcondition\tof\tthe\tlungs\tthat\tcauses\tchest\tpain,\tfever,\tcough,\tand\tdyspnea\tis\tcalled\npneumonia\n.\tIn\tthe\tclinical\tsetting\tthere\tare\tvarious\tkinds\tof\tpneumonias,\tsuch\tas\tcommunity-\nacquired\tpneumonia,\twhich\tmay\tb...
[ -0.0032242569141089916, -0.013023299165070057, 0.05483466386795044, -0.015176882967352867, -0.04890126734972, 0.011874940246343613, 0.04721124842762947, -0.004135561175644398, -0.0034743507858365774, 0.041923779994249344, 0.10560935735702515, -0.02982289344072342, 0.06634442508220673, 0.02...
immune\tcompromised\thost;\tventilator-associated\tpneumonia\n\t(VAP);\tand\taspiration\tpneumonia,\twhich\nwill\tbe\tdiscussed\there.\tAspiration\tis\ta\tcommon\tevent\teven\tin\thealthy\tadults\tand\tusually\tcauses\tno\ndeleterious\teffects.\tAt\tleast\tone\thalf\tof\thealthy\tadults\taspirate\tduring\tsleep.\tHowev...
[ 0.03956136852502823, -0.043319523334503174, 0.08410054445266724, -0.03373098000884056, -0.08586318045854568, 0.03086816892027855, 0.10129933804273605, -0.009850199334323406, -0.050426747649908066, 0.07165659964084625, 0.1117522194981575, -0.08215785026550293, 0.08372573554515839, 0.0179789...
aspirate\tresults\tin\tpulmonary\tinfection,\tit\tresults\tin\t\naspiration\tpneumonia\n\t(\nBox\t33.3\n).\nBOX\t33.3\nConditions\tThat\tPredispose\ta\tPatient\tto\tAspiration\tPneumonia\n•\t\nImpaired\tlevel\tof\tconsciousness,\twith\tcompromised\tclosure\tof\tglottis\tand\timpaired\tcough\nreflex\n•\t\nDysphagia\tfro...
[ 0.027175698429346085, -0.06962189823389053, 0.05427614971995354, -0.002033413387835026, -0.1356922835111618, -0.00129789300262928, 0.0937657281756401, 0.03437161445617676, -0.018108563497662544, 0.034697555005550385, 0.11077451705932617, -0.05865874141454697, 0.0698825940489769, 0.01127179...
reflex\n•\t\nDysphagia\tfrom\tneurologic\tconditions\t(i.e.,\tstroke)\n•\t\nGastric\treflux,\tdisorders\tof\tor\tsurgery\ton\tthe\tupper\tgastrointestinal\ttract\n•\t\nMechanical\tdisruption\tof\tthe\tglottis\tclosure\tbecause\tof\tendotracheal\ttube,\ttracheostomy,\nbronchoscopy,\tand\tinterference\twith\tthe\tcardiac...
[ -0.01861637830734253, -0.11156465113162994, 0.03677956759929657, -0.029651794582605362, -0.15010681748390198, -0.029302779585123062, 0.02014688402414322, 0.06539814174175262, -0.013138258829712868, 0.03582312911748886, 0.0924462378025055, 0.05770212411880493, 0.07208438217639923, 0.0567430...
endoscopy\tor\nplacement\tof\ta\tnasogastric\ttube\n•\t\nMiscellaneous\tconditions\tsuch\tas\tprotracted\tvomiting,\tfeeding\tvia\tgastrostomy\tat\tless\tthan\ta\n45-degree\tangle,\tand\tpersistent\trecumbent\tposition\nBartlett\tJG:\tAspiration\tpneumonia\tin\tadults.\tIn\tBaslow\tDS,\teditor:\tWolters\tKluwer:\t\nUpT...
[ -0.016496457159519196, -0.08023365586996078, 0.03425357863306999, -0.06598322093486786, -0.09875160455703735, -0.008667142130434513, 0.0674930065870285, 0.004842889960855246, -0.014698389917612076, 0.05091166868805885, 0.13079886138439178, -0.005208453629165888, -0.0011659166775643826, 0.0...
UpToDate\n,\tWaltham,\nMass,\t2012.\tRetrieved\tfrom\t\nhttp://www.uptodate.com/contents/aspiration-pneumonia-in-adults\n.\nPathophysiology\nTwo\tconditions\tmust\texist\tfor\taspiration\tpneumonia\tto\tdevelop.\tFirst,\tthere\tis\ta\tbreach\tin\tthe\tnormal\ndefense\tmechanisms,\tsuch\tas\tfailure\tof\tglottis\tclosur...
[ 0.02872711792588234, -0.03938424214720726, 0.027849500998854637, -0.01647777669131756, -0.07100166380405426, 0.005897196941077709, 0.02031690999865532, 0.09120095521211624, -0.013819428160786629, 0.038489930331707, 0.08951687812805176, -0.010405857115983963, 0.06349596381187439, 0.05426143...
enough\tinoculum\tenters\tthe\tlungs.\tThe\taspirate\tcontains\tgastric\tacid,\twhich\thas\ta\tdirect\ttoxic\teffect\non\tthe\tlungs,\tparticulate\tmatter\tthat\tmay\tcause\tairway\tobstruction\tand\tatelectasis,\n\tand\toral\tbacteria,\nwhich\tcan\tresult\tin\tinfection\tand\tpneumonia.\tPathogens\tsuch\tas\t\nS.\tpne...
[ 0.04199118912220001, -0.042185455560684204, 0.04296677187085152, -0.04262411594390869, -0.10122541338205338, 0.004199328366667032, 0.043543100357055664, -0.003099887864664197, 0.024071525782346725, 0.06742466241121292, 0.12724246084690094, -0.0743413195014, 0.037470076233148575, 0.05676905...
,\t\nHaemophilus\ninfluenzae\n,\tgram-negative\tbacilli,\tand\t\nS.\taureus\n\tare\tvirulent,\tand\tonly\ta\tsmall\tinoculum\tis\tneeded\tto\ncause\tpneumonia.\tBy\tconvention,\taspiration\tpneumonia\tis\tcaused\tby\tless-virulent\torganisms\tsuch\tas\nanaerobes,\twhich\tare\tpart\tof\tthe\tnormal\toral\tflora,\twith\t...
[ 0.03722258284687996, -0.014469960704445839, 0.07474526762962341, -0.005849883891642094, -0.11302576214075089, 0.007768692448735237, 0.04158642888069153, -0.020742110908031464, 0.007486796472221613, 0.05825548991560936, 0.14760713279247284, -0.07782638072967529, 0.013661587610840797, 0.0403...
Medical\n\tmanagement\nThree\tclinical\tsyndromes\texist\twithin\tthe\tcategory\tof\taspiration\tpneumonia:\t(1)\tchemical\npneumonitis\tresulting\tfrom\taspiration\tof\tacid,\t(2)\tbacterial\tinfection,\tand\t(3)\tairway\tobstruction.\tThe\nclinical\tfeatures\tdepend\ton\twhich\tof\tthese\tpredominates,\tbut\toften\tt...
[ 0.009792960248887539, -0.03367814049124718, 0.07648169994354248, 0.0006920559098944068, -0.08309394121170044, -0.011235063895583153, 0.08801628649234772, 0.01100313849747181, -0.0033428736496716738, 0.05135996639728546, 0.0934653952717781, -0.04716794565320015, 0.05188644677400589, 0.02603...
the\tmanagement\tof\tthese\tsyndromes\tis\tbeyond\tthe\tscope\tof\tthis\tchapter\tbut\tan\tunderstanding\n\tof\npathophysiology\tand\tpredisposing\tconditions\thelps\tin\tthe\teffective\ttreatment\tand\tprevention\tof\naspiration\tpneumonia.\nPatients\twho\tare\tobserved\tto\thave\taspirated\tshould\tbe\tcleared\tof\tt...
[ 0.01528539415448904, -0.042072683572769165, 0.07611380517482758, 0.007656320929527283, -0.055724136531353, 0.0017008668510243297, 0.06961172819137573, -0.0103257792070508, 0.03707687556743622, 0.06139379367232323, 0.08374457061290741, -0.026478633284568787, 0.04566849395632744, 0.041578378...
tracheal\tsuction.\tHowever,\tthis\tmaneuver\twill\tnot\tnecessarily\tprotect\tthe\tlungs\tfrom\tchemical\tinjury,\nwhich\toccurs\tinstantly\t(\nBartlett,\t2012\n).\tThe\tmain\ttreatment\tin\tthis\tsituation\n\tis\tantibiotics\tand\tto\nsupport\tthe\tpulmonary\tfunction.\tUse\tof\tglucocorticoids\tin\tchemical\tpneumon...
[ 0.017770325765013695, -0.04710875824093819, 0.04722776636481285, -0.023417750373482704, -0.12143199145793915, -0.017968909814953804, 0.09494911879301071, 0.04449019953608513, 0.010344820097088814, 0.04379850998520851, 0.08537601679563522, -0.008676702156662941, 0.040630389004945755, 0.0713...
not\tusually\trecommended.\nAspiration\tpneumonia\tusually\tpresents\twith\tindolent\tsymptoms.\tMany\tpatients\tpresent\twith\ncomplications\tsuch\tas\tlung\tabscess,\temphysema,\tand\tnecrotizing\tpneumonia.\tOnce\ta\tpatient\thas
[ 0.09169457107782364, -0.05687091127038002, 0.025132086127996445, -0.02410932630300522, -0.10955952852964401, -0.02043325826525688, 0.062115252017974854, 0.011013932526111603, -0.014898249879479408, 0.02856062352657318, 0.11004085838794708, -0.009897741489112377, 0.034596215933561325, 0.072...
been\tdiagnosed\twith\taspiration\tpneumonia,\tantibiotic\ttherapy\tshould\n\tinclude\tcoverage\tfor\tanaerobic\npathogens\tbecause\tthey\tmay\tcause\tsignificant\tdisease\twhen\tpresent\t(\nAllen\tet\tal,\t2013\n).\nMedical\tnutrition\ttherapy\nPatients\twith\taspiration\tpneumonia\tmay\thave\tdysphagia\tso\ta\tswallo...
[ 0.04406656697392464, -0.07066867500543594, 0.07170459628105164, -0.0017334683798253536, -0.08044175803661346, 0.023486783728003502, 0.052220042794942856, -0.0016534343594685197, -0.05016730725765228, 0.07133286446332932, 0.1262248158454895, -0.05118417739868164, 0.011806395836174488, 0.047...
pathologist\twill\tbe\tneeded\tbefore\tallowing\toral\tintake.\tDiet\ttextures\tand\tliquid\tviscosities\tmay\tneed\nmodification\tto\tprevent\tfurther\taspiration.\tDysphagia\tdiets\n\tare\tdescribed\tin\t\nChapter\t39\n\tand\nAppendix\t20\n.\nIf\tthe\tpatient\thas\tdysphagia\tand\tmust\thave\tnothing\tby\tmouth,\tthe...
[ 0.03495677560567856, -0.05636470392346382, 0.09233162552118301, 0.0006696265190839767, -0.13390083611011505, -0.0236208513379097, 0.09996002912521362, 0.017514076083898544, -0.006669827736914158, 0.026408877223730087, 0.0720149502158165, 0.00527661107480526, 0.026988189667463303, 0.0538594...
preferred\troute\tof\tfeeding.\tAs\tper\tthe\t2016\tSCCM/ASPEN\tand\tthe\tAmerican\tCollege\tof\nGastroenterology\tguidelines\t(\nMcClave\tet\tal,\t2016\n),\tnutritional\tinterventions\tfor\tpreventing\taspiration\npneumonia\tand\tmanaging\tit\twhen\tit\texists\tin\tthe\tpatient\tin\tthe\tacute\n\tcare\tsetting\tare\tt...
[ 0.020784815773367882, -0.022389089688658714, 0.08782076090574265, 0.004463570192456245, -0.050196919590234756, -0.0161663256585598, 0.04871208965778351, -0.0045234449207782745, -0.03189452365040779, 0.022873293608427048, 0.09332949668169022, -0.0038627053145319223, -0.0547664575278759, 0.0...
care\tsetting\tare\tthe\tfollowing:\n•\t\nDirect\ttube\tfeedings\tinto\tthe\tsmall\tbowel\trather\tthan\tthe\tstomach\tfor\tthose\twho\tare\tat\thigh\nrisk\tfor\taspiration\n•\t\nImplement\tcontinuous\tfeedings\trather\tthan\tbolus\tfeedings\n•\t\nElevate\tthe\thead\tof\tthe\tpatient’s\tbed\tto\t30\tto\t45\tdegrees\n•\...
[ -0.004776231478899717, -0.01928524114191532, 0.06610270589590073, -0.005133606027811766, -0.0722467303276062, -0.03726797178387642, 0.07493141293525696, 0.011295447126030922, -0.0361592173576355, -0.0196191668510437, 0.07056152075529099, 0.014870023354887962, 0.0566740408539772, 0.00681789...
•\t\nUse\tprokinetic\tagents\n•\t\nMinimize\tuse\tof\tsedatives\n•\t\nOptimize\toral\thygiene\tusing\tchlorhexidine\tmouthwash\nGastric\tresiduals\n\tvolumes\thave\tbeen\tfound\tnot\tto\tcorrelate\twith\tincidences\tof\taspiration.\tAlso\ncoloring\tagents,\tincluding\tblue\tfood\tcoloring,\tshould\tnot\tbe\tused\tas\tm...
[ 0.009949121624231339, -0.0673677921295166, 0.040891967713832855, -0.039870485663414, -0.08232089877128601, 0.0029544979333877563, 0.0858960747718811, 0.029610425233840942, -0.005530570168048143, 0.06027531251311302, 0.09900583326816559, -0.02906983718276024, 0.07979056984186172, 0.06203327...
their\tpotential\ttoxicity.\nLung\ttransplantation\nLung\ttransplantation\twas\tdone\tfor\tthe\tfirst\ttime\tin\t1963\twith\tgood\tpulmonary\tresults\tbut\tthe\tpatient\ndied\t18\tdays\tafter\ttransplant\tdue\tto\tcomorbidities\tand\tmalnutrition.\n\tSubsequently,\tmultiple\tlung\ntransplants\twere\tdone\twithout\teval...
[ 0.007155696861445904, -0.006127911154180765, 0.0448605976998806, -0.03599972277879715, -0.13464532792568207, -0.008684409782290459, 0.08907512575387955, 0.03591117262840271, 0.01444524247199297, 0.006439227610826492, 0.13509956002235413, -0.0010026574600487947, 0.05919543281197548, 0.05054...
the\tpast,\tone\tof\tthe\tmain\tobstacles\tassociated\twith\tlung\ttransplantation\twas\tthe\ttype\tof\nimmunosuppression\trequired\twith\tthe\thigh\tdose\tof\tsteroids\tthat\tcan\taffect\tairway\tanastomosis\nhealing.\tOver\tthe\tlast\t20\tyears,\tthe\tnumber\tof\tlung\ttransplants\tperformed\tincreased\trapidly\n\twi...
[ 0.036328185349702835, -0.06566152721643448, 0.08150050044059753, -0.028393827378749847, -0.11090517044067383, -0.0071814036928117275, 0.09694403409957886, -0.00624543521553278, -0.006012887693941593, 0.06826867163181305, 0.09247825294733047, -0.023474648594856262, 0.03944181650876999, 0.02...
with\n4122\tlung\ttransplants\tdone\tin\t2015.\tOutcomes\thave\timproved\twith\tbetter\tdonor\tand\trecipient\nselection,\tsurgical\ttechniques,\tand\tmedical\ttherapy.\tThe\tcurrent\tmedian\tsurvival\tfor\tlung\ttransplant\npatients\tis\tabout\t5.5\tyears\twith\tchronic\trejection\tbeing\tthe\tmost\tcommon\tcomplicati...
[ 0.011638970114290714, -0.007994541898369789, 0.04941527545452118, -0.07023226469755173, -0.12270064651966095, -0.0214285459369421, 0.09172054380178452, 0.0017753408756107092, 0.037714578211307526, 0.04833509773015976, 0.08015328645706177, 0.023134592920541763, 0.06193588674068451, 0.025402...
Major\tindications\tfor\tlung\ttransplant\tare\tthe\tfollowing:\n•\t\nCOPD\n•\t\nIdiopathic\tinterstitial\tpneumonia\t(most\n\tcommonly\tIPF)\n•\t\nCF\n•\t\nPulmonary\tarterial\thypertension\n•\t\nAlpha-1\tantitrypsin\tdeficiency\nMultiple\tfactors\tare\tconsidered\twhen\ta\tpatient\tis\tbeing\tevaluated\tfor\tlung\ttr...
[ 0.01805935986340046, -0.018285086378455162, 0.05243023484945297, -0.0064162989147007465, -0.06855402141809464, -0.013300358317792416, 0.035628899931907654, 0.0861566960811615, -0.01597142592072487, 0.022258780896663666, 0.09846346825361252, 0.016166364774107933, -0.003839423879981041, 0.05...
nutritional\tstatus\tis\tan\timportant\tfactor.\tPatients\tusually\tget\treferred\tto\ta\tregistered\tdietitian\nnutritionist\t(RDN)\tbefore\tbeing\tlisted\tfor\ttransplant.\tNutritional\tstatus\tcan\tadversely\timpact\nposttransplant\toutcomes.\n\tPatients\twith\tclass\tI\tobesity\t(BMI:\t30\tto\t34.9\tkg/m\n2\n)\tare...
[ -0.023073619231581688, -0.01818564534187317, 0.02372385561466217, 0.031116580590605736, -0.09966031461954117, 0.007228977512568235, 0.09459255635738373, 0.07355328649282455, -0.07192334532737732, -0.030747951939702034, 0.07163281738758087, -0.05970599502325058, -0.01693730056285858, 0.0066...
2\n)\tare\trelatively\ncontraindicated\twhile\tthose\twith\tclass\tII\tobesity\t(BMI:\t>35\tkg/m\n2\n)\tare\tabsolutely\tcontraindicated.\tA\nlow\tBMI\thas\tnot\tbeen\ta\trisk\tfactor\tfor\tmortality\tafter\tlung\ttransplantation\t(\nWeill\tet\tal,\t2015\n).\nHowever,\tmultiple\tstudies\thave\tshown\tthat\tmalnutrition...
[ 0.006883329711854458, -0.014120208099484444, 0.06899517774581909, -0.03592726215720177, -0.10536462813615799, 0.025648051872849464, 0.06634768098592758, 0.03259296342730522, -0.024165775626897812, 0.05556497350335121, 0.11497235298156738, -0.05964304879307747, 0.04722153767943382, 0.009232...
2\n\tcan\tbe\tassociated\nwith\tworse\toutcomes\t(\nChristie\tet\tal,\t2012\n;\t\nLederer\tet\tal,\t2009\n).\nMedical\tnutrition\ttherapy\nAs\tstated\tabove,\tnutritional\tstatus\tplays\ta\tcrucial\trole\tin\ta\tpatient’s\thospital\tcourse\tand\tsurvival\tafter\nlung\ttransplantation.\tThe\tpretransplant\tassessment\tb...
[ 0.032395850867033005, -0.04716702550649643, 0.06414908915758133, -0.031159494072198868, -0.14794419705867767, 0.029863255098462105, 0.07651538401842117, 0.025578666478395462, 0.029269469901919365, 0.02481604553759098, 0.11214809119701385, -0.0027018547989428043, 0.03966465964913368, 0.0170...
malnutrition,\tand\tthe\tnutrition\tinterventions\tshould\tinclude\tplans\tto\tcorrect\tthe\tnutritional\tstatus.\nPostoperatively,\tthe\timmediate\tconcern\tis\n\tadequate\tnutrition\tfor\twound\thealing\tand\trecovery.\nImmunosuppressant\tmedications\thave\tmultiple\tadverse\teffects,\tsome\tof\twhich\thave\tnutritio...
[ 0.032850224524736404, -0.006205936428159475, 0.09471515566110611, 0.0429682694375515, -0.08840383589267731, 0.03716999292373657, 0.11847216635942459, 0.012796434573829174, -0.052392877638339996, 0.056038763374090195, 0.10582555830478668, -0.03455021232366562, 0.0029962328262627125, 0.01106...
implications\tthat\twill\tneed\tattention,\tincluding\tthe\tneed\tfor\teducation\tabut\tfood\tsafety.\nBronchopulmonary\tdysplasia\nBronchopulmonary\tdysplasia\t(BPD)\n\tis\ta\tchronic\tlung\tdisease\tmost\tcommonly\tseen\tin\tpremature\ninfants\twho\trequire\tmechanical\tventilation\n\tand\toxygen\ttherapy\tfor\tacute...
[ 0.01613815873861313, -0.006527608726173639, 0.060667168349027634, -0.026653578504920006, -0.08062233030796051, 0.017594346776604652, 0.037962377071380615, 0.030834320932626724, -0.025865279138088226, 0.0965636670589447, 0.14577648043632507, -0.010979832150042057, 0.007676089182496071, 0.07...
and\toxygen\ttherapy\tfor\tacute\trespiratory\tdistress.\tBPD\noccurs\tin\t40%\tof\tpreterm\tneonates\tless\tthan\tor\tequal\tto\t28\tweeks\tgestational\tage\t(\nDavidson\tet\tal,\n2017\n).\tBPD\tis\ta\tlung\tdevelopment\tdisorder\tcharacterized\tby\timpairment\tof\talveolarization.\tThis\tleads\nto\tpulmonary\tand\tva...
[ -0.028017736971378326, 0.0069897957146167755, 0.046006932854652405, -0.03188183158636093, -0.05329810827970505, 0.016227835789322853, 0.03609654679894447, 0.044060926884412766, -0.04266851767897606, 0.0842810645699501, 0.14870554208755493, 0.022830147296190262, 0.08529479056596756, 0.10477...
Jobe,\t2011\n).\nCommon\tinterventions\thave\tlittle\timpact\ton\n\tlong-term\toutcomes,\twith\trespiratory\tcare\tremaining\nsupportive.\tDecreased\tlung\tcompliance\tand\tincreased\tneed\tfor\trespiratory\tsupport\texists\tin\tthese\npatients\t(\nDani\tand\tPoggi,\t2012\n).\nMedical\tmanagement
[ -0.019321750849485397, 0.034524280577898026, 0.0806923359632492, -0.02184067666530609, -0.08913836628198624, 0.005740584805607796, 0.10545502603054047, -0.02436811849474907, -0.06269129365682602, 0.035805266350507736, 0.06903348118066788, -0.05280937999486923, 0.02121313102543354, 0.002845...
Management\tshould\tminimize\tany\tfurther\tinjuries,\twhile\tproviding\tan\toptimal\tenvironment\tfor\ngrowth\tand\trecovery\t(\nAdams\tand\tStark,\t2014\n).\nOngoing\tpulse\toximetry\tis\tused\tto\tmonitor\toxygenation,\n\twhereas\tintermittent\tblood\tgas\tsampling\nmonitors\tpH\tand\tPaco\n2\n.\tPeriodic\tattempts\...
[ 0.019328836351633072, 0.004068747628480196, 0.05277017131447792, -0.008614148013293743, -0.05946825444698334, -0.0024994611740112305, 0.08609098196029663, -0.033210813999176025, -0.03620050847530365, 0.05954204872250557, 0.12199030071496964, -0.05276881530880928, 0.02981104701757431, 0.031...
support.\tProlonged\tventilation\tis\tassociated\twith\tlaryngeal\tinjury\tand\tsubglottic\tstenosis,\tespecially\nwith\tinfants\twho\trequire\tmultiple\tintubations.\tSuctioning\tshould\tbe\tlimited\tto\tonly\twhen\tneeded\nbecause\tit\tis\tassociated\twith\ttracheal\tand\tbronchial\tinjury\t(\nAdams\tand\tStark,\t201...
[ -0.010633035562932491, -0.015805073082447052, 0.03902743011713028, -0.004499449860304594, -0.09517299383878708, 0.01714223437011242, 0.09623536467552185, 0.03470314294099808, -0.012588681653141975, 0.025334639474749565, 0.09789454936981201, -0.004478574264794588, -0.009055498987436295, 0.0...
Adams\tand\tStark,\t2014\n).\nThe\tuse\tof\tsupplemental\toxygen\tis\tchallenging\tin\tpatients\twith\tBPD\tbecause\tof\tthe\tneed\tto\ttreat\nhypoxemia\ton\tone\thand,\tand\ton\tthe\tother,\tto\tavoid\texposure\tto\texcess\toxygen.\tIncreasing\tthe\tinhaled\noxygen\tconcentrations\tcould\thave\ta\tnegative\taffect\tby...
[ -0.030754229053854942, -0.03183303400874138, 0.044558167457580566, -0.02487187273800373, -0.12271087616682053, 0.004817384295165539, 0.10515259951353073, 0.029694944620132446, -0.033405106514692307, 0.022478222846984863, 0.07904891669750214, -0.010087349452078342, 0.04219946637749672, 0.01...
edema,\tor\tinflammation.\nMost\tinfants\tare\tmanaged\twith\ta\tmodest\tfluid\trestriction\tof\t140\tto\t150\tmL/kg\n\tper\tday.\tAlthough\ndiuretic\ttherapy\tmay\timprove\tshort-term\tpulmonary\tstatus,\tthere\tis\tno\tevidence\tthat\tit\timproves\nclinical\toutcomes.\tUse\tof\tdiuretics\tleads\tto\tserum\telectrolyt...
[ -0.001858862116932869, -0.06086356192827225, 0.03903191536664963, -0.030062716454267502, -0.08486080169677734, -0.019517244771122932, 0.048095703125, 0.060179803520441055, 0.007590588182210922, 0.05734096094965935, 0.11402759701013565, -0.028999868780374527, 0.054003551602363586, 0.0078916...
and\thypokalemia\t(\nAdams\tand\tStark,\t2014\n).\nMedical\tnutrition\ttherapy\nUsing\tthe\tcriteria\tin\t\nBox\t33.4\n,\tassessment\tof\tthe\tinfant\twith\tBPD\tbegins\twith\tMNT.\tEnergy\tneeds\tof\ninfants\twith\tBPD\n\tare\t15%\tto\t20%\thigher\tthan\tthose\tof\thealthy\tinfants,\tand\tthey\tbenefit\tfrom\t140\tto\...
[ -0.01749257557094097, 0.009938210248947144, 0.05813419818878174, -0.04159901291131973, -0.06552577018737793, -0.005214514676481485, 0.06277801841497421, 0.037594862282276154, -0.04098852351307869, 0.03295714408159256, 0.07921885699033737, -0.06731078773736954, 0.053444769233465195, 0.01241...
Dani\tand\tPoggi,\t2012\n).\tInadequate\tcaloric\tintake\nleads\tto\ta\tcatabolic\tstate\tand\tmuscle\tfatigue\tof\tthe\tdiaphragm.\tAdequate\tnutrition\tis\tessential\tfor\nlung\tgrowth,\talveolar\tdevelopment,\tsurfactant\tproduction,\tand\tprotection\tagainst\tinfections.\nBOX\t33.4\nComponents\n\t\nof\tNutrition\tA...
[ -0.0024025815073400736, -0.016976332291960716, 0.0291916374117136, -0.041626106947660446, -0.08783093094825745, 0.008799232542514801, 0.08370133489370346, 0.06272634863853455, -0.01836596056818962, 0.0745798647403717, 0.12440493702888489, -0.037140361964702606, 0.022368380799889565, 0.0539...
Bronchopulmonary\tDysplasia\nHistory\nBirthweight\nGestational\tage\nMedical\thistory\nNutrition\thistory\nPrevious\tgrowth\tpattern\nMedical\tstatus\nRespiratory\tstatus\nOxygen\tsaturation\nUse\tof\tmedications\nEmesis\nStool\tpattern\nUrine\toutput\nUrine\tspecific\tgravity\nVentilator\tdependency\nNutrition-biochem...
[ 0.05942366272211075, -0.0311550572514534, 0.01777167059481144, 0.025227349251508713, -0.08474744856357574, 0.012752026319503784, 0.02897961623966694, 0.04659358039498329, -0.12069776654243469, 0.07570835202932358, 0.07434341311454773, -0.026154136285185814, 0.02110869251191616, 0.021739510...
Nutrition-biochemical\tmeasures\nAnthropometrics\nWeight\nLength\nGrowth\tpercentiles\nHead\tcircumference\nHemoglobin\nHematocrit\nSerum\telectrolytes\nC-reactive\tprotein\nFeeding\thistory\nVolume\tof\tintake\nFrequency\tof\tfeedings\nBehavior\tduring\tfeedings\nFormula\tcomposition\nUse\tof\tsolid\tfoods\nDevelopmen...
[ 0.0003413449740037322, -0.07858482003211975, 0.033405888825654984, -0.01365191675722599, -0.03436717391014099, 0.01519040297716856, 0.0363958477973938, 0.052431389689445496, -0.07080386579036713, 0.08029057085514069, 0.09073053300380707, -0.09784699976444244, 0.0002779118367470801, 0.02197...