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deficiencies,\n\tand\tprevent\tcomplications\tand\tprogression\tof\tthe\tdisease.\tThe\tCF\tteam\tusually\tincludes\nmedical\tand\tnursing\tstaff;\trespiratory\ttherapists,\tphysical\ttherapists,\tregistered\tdietitian\nnutritionists;\tsocial\tworkers;\tand\tgenetic\tcounselors.\tImpairment\tof\tthe\trespiratory\tand
[ 0.05338314548134804, -0.005968993995338678, 0.035837966948747635, 0.008205358870327473, -0.08254627138376236, 0.0005135952378623188, 0.07006244361400604, 0.03098575957119465, -0.10844017565250397, 0.03862467780709267, 0.10748240351676941, -0.11316144466400146, -0.00534053985029459, 0.02523...
gastrointestinal\tsystems\tis\tresponsible\tfor\tsignificant\tmortality\tand\tmorbidity.\tSinus\tinfection,\nglucose\tcontrol,\tnutritional\tstatus,\n\tand\tpsychosocial\tissues\tmust\tbe\tassessed\tand\tmanaged\tat\tregular\nintervals\t(\nFig.\t33.6\n).\nFIG.\t33.6\nAlgorithm\tfor\tdiagnosis\tand\tmanagement\tof\tcyst...
[ 0.023891987279057503, -0.04671609774231911, 0.031297992914915085, -0.004766483791172504, -0.08019733428955078, -0.020008014515042305, 0.08245078474283218, 0.07731309533119202, -0.07401379197835922, 0.05594851076602936, 0.11476598680019379, -0.006169250700622797, -0.005462374072521925, 0.03...
CF\tmanagement\tis\tusually\tseparated\tinto\tchronic\tmaintenance\ttherapy\tand\tacute\texacerbation\tof\nthe\tdisease.\tChronic\ttherapy\tfocuses\ton\tprevention\tand\ttreatment\tof\tairway\tinfections\tand\nobstructions\tas\tCF\tpatients\tare\tprone\tto\trecurrent\tchest\tinfections.\tMedical\tmanagement\tconsists\t...
[ 0.003223895560950041, -0.03110607899725437, 0.05881072208285332, 0.013295743614435196, -0.07730092853307724, 0.01704460009932518, 0.10006028413772583, 0.03722129762172699, 0.005231425631791353, 0.025674879550933838, 0.0813690572977066, -0.02690383791923523, 0.034486059099435806, 0.05812375...
chest\tphysiotherapy,\tnebulizer\ttherapy,\n\tantiinflammatory\tagents,\tpulmonary\thygiene,\tpneumococcal\nand\tinfluenza\tvaccinations,\tand,\tfrequently,\tchronic\tprophylactic\tantibiotic\tuse.\tA\tmajor\tstep\tforward\nin\tthe\ttreatment\tof\tCF\tcame\tin\t2011\twith\tthe\tinvention\tof\ta\tmedication\tthat\ttarge...
[ 0.02647211030125618, -0.007780458312481642, 0.05171247199177742, -0.012387515977025032, -0.08316975831985474, 0.009023061953485012, 0.0672430768609047, 0.0210300013422966, -0.003604217665269971, 0.021985657513141632, 0.06595462560653687, -0.04742678254842758, 0.04996168985962868, 0.0830194...
the\tmutant\tCFTR\tfunction,\tIvacaftor\t(VX-770).\tIt\tis\ta\tsmall\tmolecular\tweight\toral\tdrug\tthat\tis\ndesigned\tspecifically\tto\ttreat\tpatients\twho\n\thave\ta\tG551D\tmutation\tin\tat\tleast\tone\tof\ttheir\tCFTR\ngenes.\tIvacaftor\tis\tthe\tfirst\tapproved\tCF\ttherapy\tthat\trestores\tthe\tfunctioning\tof...
[ -0.04363226518034935, -0.020263567566871643, 0.02082785964012146, -0.044328439980745316, -0.145539328455925, 0.007190279196947813, 0.07961966097354889, 0.05513496696949005, 0.016740506514906883, 0.0447293259203434, 0.09546688944101334, -0.022773075848817825, 0.022423189133405685, 0.0475610...
rather\tthan\ttrying\tto\ttarget\tone\tor\tmore\tof\tits\tdownstream\tconsequences\t(\nDavis,\t2011\n).\tIn\tclinical\ntrials,\tit\twas\tfound\tto\timprove\trespiratory\tstatus,\treduce\tpulmonary\texacerbations,\tenhance\tquality\nof\tlife,\tand\tpromote\tweight\tgain.\tCurrently,\n\tother\tdrugs\tare\tcoming\tonto\tt...
[ -0.028373587876558304, -0.04274747520685196, 0.03998482599854469, -0.05476761236786842, -0.11338284611701965, -0.03600019961595535, 0.053731970489025116, -0.013613061048090458, 0.0020670031663030386, 0.0029093928169459105, 0.07498792558908463, 0.015164749696850777, 0.04627983644604683, 0.0...
other\tdrugs\tare\tcoming\tonto\tthe\tmarket\tthat\ttarget\tthe\nmutant\tCFTR\tfunction.\tIf\tthe\tCF\tpatient\tcontinues\tto\tdecline\tdespite\tmedical\ttherapy,\tbilateral\tlung\ntransplantation\tmay\tbe\tneeded.\tThe\tacute\tmanagement\tof\tCF\tsometimes\trequires\thospitalization,\nusually\tto\ttreat\tan\tinfection...
[ 0.020922070369124413, -0.016463659703731537, 0.04768673703074455, -0.008030680939555168, -0.0626392662525177, 0.01137290894985199, 0.09745762497186661, 0.07250552624464035, 0.010336424224078655, 0.007592912297695875, 0.10511229932308197, -0.006076648365706205, 0.09327569603919983, 0.040573...
Because\tof\tthe\tPI,\t\npancreatic\tenzyme\treplacement\ttherapy\t(PERT)\n\tis\tan\timportant\tcomponent\nof\tthe\tmanagement\tfor\tCF\tpatients\tto\tadequately\tabsorb\tcarbohydrates,\tprotein,\tand\tfat.\tThe\npancreatic\tducts\tare\tobstructed\tin\tapproximately\t85%\tto\t90%\tof\tCF\tindividuals,\tand\tthis\tpreve...
[ -0.00172072509303689, -0.04369429871439934, 0.06043452024459839, -0.014720267616212368, -0.05184721201658249, -0.00598601158708334, 0.1357330083847046, 0.09231999516487122, 0.0871717780828476, 0.03425659239292145, 0.07687973976135254, -0.016993770375847816, 0.019261721521615982, 0.04608266...
pancreatic\tenzymes\tsuch\tas\tlipase,\tamylase,\tand\tprotease\tfrom\tsecreting\tinto\tthe\tsmall\tintestine.\nThe\tbuild-up\tof\tthese\tenzymes\tin\tthe\tpancreas\tleads\tto\tauto\tdigestion\tof\n\tthe\tpancreas\tand\ndestruction\tof\tacinus.\tPancreatic\tacinus\tis\tthe\tsecretory\tunit\tof\texocrine\tpancreas,\twhe...
[ 0.023486286401748657, -0.07333893328905106, 0.01103984471410513, -0.05606088414788246, -0.11352980881929398, 0.02307380922138691, 0.09151285141706467, -0.006282718852162361, -0.017499839887022972, 0.09065228700637817, 0.08908545970916748, -0.029379073530435562, 0.041120417416095734, 0.0335...
juice\tis\tproduced.\tDestruction\tof\tpancreatic\tacinus,\tor\t\nacinar\n\tdestruction,\tresults\tin\timpaired\nsecretion\tof\tpancreatic\tjuice,\twhich\tresults\tin\tloose,\toily,\tfrequent\tstools\tand\tmalabsorption.\tThese\nindividuals\tneed\tPERT\tto\tcombat\tthe\tPI\tand\tmaintain\tadequate\tabsorption\tand\tdig...
[ 0.003080447670072317, -0.09142418950796127, 0.0049286638386547565, -0.028384149074554443, -0.10288520157337189, 0.049066562205553055, 0.11326422542333603, 0.019025785848498344, -0.01296242792159319, 0.04103199392557144, 0.15058979392051697, -0.019713709130883217, 0.03148789703845978, 0.025...
of\tnutrients\n(see\t\nFocus\tOn:\n\tPERT\n).\n\t\nFOCUS\tON\nPERT\nPancreatic\tenzyme\treplacement\ttherapy\t(PERT)\n\tis\tthe\tfirst\tstep\ttaken\tto\tcorrect\tmaldigestion\nand\tmalabsorption.\tThe\tmicrospheres,\tdesigned\tto\twithstand\tthe\tacidic\tenvironment\tof\tthe\nstomach,\trelease\tenzymes\tin\tthe\tduoden...
[ 0.00894665252417326, -0.07497356832027435, 0.027176322415471077, -0.07397732138633728, -0.08162982016801834, 0.016058670356869698, 0.09358092397451401, 0.03423375263810158, 0.03731248527765274, 0.08285346627235413, 0.12811675667762756, -0.013407154008746147, 0.05630563944578171, 0.02492665...
Pharmaceutical\tadvancements\thave\timproved\tthe\tmedications.\tThe\tquantity\tof\tenzymes\tto\tbe\ntaken\twith\tfood\tdepends\ton\tthe\tdegree\tof\tpancreatic\tinsufficiency;\tthe\tquantity\tof\tfood\teaten;\tthe\nfat,\tprotein,\tand\tcarbohydrate\tcontent\tof\tfood\tconsumed;\tand\tthe\ttype\tof\tenzymes\tused.
[ 0.01977350562810898, -0.0820712074637413, 0.02234513685107231, -0.07330978661775589, -0.09699349850416183, 0.01697702333331108, 0.11339602619409561, 0.07510273903608322, 0.025378452613949776, 0.019294042140245438, 0.10840779542922974, -0.015140414237976074, 0.05742022395133972, 0.011261430...
Enzyme\tdosage\tper\tmeal\tor\tsnack\tis\tadjusted\tempirically\tto\tcontrol\tgastrointestinal\tsymptoms,\nincluding\tsteatorrhea,\tand\n\tto\tpromote\tgrowth\tappropriate\tfor\tage.\tFollowing\tthe\tmanufacturer’s\ndirections\tabout\tstorage\tand\tadministration\tof\ta\tparticular\tbrand\tof\tenzyme\tis\timportant\tto
[ 0.01995171047747135, -0.11209778487682343, 0.01336416881531477, -0.023204492405056953, -0.07516075670719147, -0.021649472415447235, 0.06583502888679504, 0.060417793691158295, -0.04133133962750435, 0.08011823147535324, 0.11314614862203598, 0.003762355772778392, -0.020135406404733658, 0.0658...
emphasize.\tIf\tgastrointestinal\tsymptoms\tcannot\tbe\tcontrolled,\tenzyme\tdosage,\tpatient\tadherence,\nand\tenzyme\ttype\tshould\tbe\treevaluated.\tFecal\t\nelastase\n\t(protein-digesting\tenzyme\tsecreted\tby\tthe\npancreas\tand\tinvolved\tin\thydrolysis\tof\tpeptide\n\tbonds),\tfecal\tfat,\tor\tnitrogen\tbalance\...
[ 0.013596965000033379, -0.10965581238269806, 0.0001295879774261266, -0.04217410087585449, -0.0810236930847168, -0.020936300978064537, 0.04422597214579582, 0.034411508589982986, -0.04317423328757286, 0.019801195710897446, 0.08885394036769867, 0.009927126578986645, 0.0015876567922532558, 0.04...
help\tto\tevaluate\tthe\tadequacy\tof\tenzyme\tsupplementation.\nThe\tacidic\tenvironment\tof\tthe\tstomach\tdoes\tnot\tallow\tthe\tenzymes\tof\tthe\tenteric\tcoated\tPERT\nto\tbe\tdegraded.\tThis\tnormally\toccurs\tonce\tthe\tpH\tis\tabove\t5.5,\tusually\twhen\tthe\tPERT\treaches\nthe\tduodenal\tjejunum.\tA\tcommon\tp...
[ 0.02497192658483982, -0.05072164535522461, 0.04691189154982567, -0.03360185772180557, -0.11979490518569946, 0.001975814113393426, 0.035770904272794724, 0.034864045679569244, -0.011497853323817253, 0.051598891615867615, 0.08323264867067337, -0.015410670079290867, 0.038971398025751114, 0.054...
inhibitors\n\tin\torder\tto\tincrease\tthe\tduodenal\tpH\tby\tdecreasing\tgastric\tacid\tsecretion\t(\nRogers,\n2013\n).\nIntestinal\tabnormalities\tsuch\tas\tgastroesophageal\treflux\tdisease\t(GERD),\tmeconium\tileus\t(MI),\nand\t\ndistal\tintestinal\tobstruction\tsyndrome\t(DIOS)\n,\twhich\tis\tthe\tblockage\tof\tin...
[ 0.024970628321170807, -0.09782502800226212, 0.005586108658462763, -0.02561267465353012, -0.09819965809583664, -0.023817572742700577, 0.04471521079540253, 0.10266540944576263, 0.029385434463620186, 0.08812247961759567, 0.09377015382051468, 0.02167614735662937, 0.004659523256123066, 0.089093...
,\twhich\tis\tthe\tblockage\tof\tintestines\nresulting\tfrom\tstool\tand\tintussusceptions\t(obstructions),\tare\tsome\tof\tthe\tcomplications\tseen\tin\npatients\t(\nKatkin,\t2014\n).\nHepatobiliary\n\tproblems\tare\tseen\tmore\tcommonly\tnow\tin\tthis\tpopulation\tbecause\tof\tan\tincreased\nsurvival\trate.\tIn\tthe\...
[ -0.02112238109111786, -0.02269856259226799, 0.03636733442544937, -0.014552874490618706, -0.11786919832229614, 0.000856208149343729, 0.06969843804836273, 0.068888820707798, 0.0034436387941241264, 0.05810347571969032, 0.12834231555461884, -0.020510613918304443, 0.020667659118771553, 0.064117...
located\tin\tthe\tbiliary\tepithelium.\tBile\tproduced\tin\tpatients\twith\tCF\tis\tthick\tand\ttenacious,\tcausing\nblockage\tof\tthe\tintrahepatic\tbile\tducts.\tBlockage\tof\tthese\tducts\teventually\tleads\tto\tcirrhosis.\tUse\nof\tursodeoxycholic\n\tacid\t(UDCA)\tmay\tdelay\tthe\tprogression\tof\tliver\tdisease\t(...
[ -0.004496323876082897, -0.08150290697813034, 0.0301809199154377, -0.02239132486283779, -0.10698117315769196, -0.022135931998491287, 0.05601823329925537, 0.03711383044719696, -0.003865038976073265, 0.031173743307590485, 0.10963306576013565, -0.0159817636013031, 0.06058426946401596, 0.035234...
Kappler\tet\tal,\t2012\n)\n(see\t\nChapter\t28\n);\thowever,\ta\trecent\tCochrane\tReview\tfound\tlittle\tevidence\tto\tsupport\troutine\tuse\nof\tUDCA,\tciting\tthe\tsmall\tnumber\tof\ttrials\tassessing\tits\teffectiveness\t(\nCheng\tet\tal,\t2017\n).\tAt\tthis\ntime,\tthere\tis\tlittle\tevidence-based\tresearch\tfor\...
[ -0.05985375493764877, -0.01644783653318882, 0.06960825622081757, -0.07621951401233673, -0.0851561427116394, 0.03242512419819832, 0.10455235093832016, -0.03295386955142021, 0.011209383606910706, 0.02281986176967621, 0.06480507552623749, -0.04510731250047684, 0.04354323819279671, 0.028606066...
persons\twith\tCF\t(\nPalanippan\tet\tal,\t2017\n).\nMedical\tnutrition\ttherapy\nMedical\tnutrition\ttherapy\t(MNT),\tcritical\tto\tmanagement\tof\tCF\tand\tall\tof\tits\tcomorbidities,\tis\tvital\tin\npromoting\tlongevity\tand\tpositive\toutcomes.\tMNT\tbegins\twith\tevaluation\tof\tthe\tnutritional\tstatus\tof\nthe\...
[ -0.01019995380192995, 0.005496750585734844, 0.0590069405734539, -0.025765584781765938, -0.10513151437044144, 0.006989195942878723, 0.08353843539953232, 0.014162285253405571, 0.0029470010194927454, 0.03601387143135071, 0.11793986707925797, -0.01185605302453041, 0.023508798331022263, 0.03844...
the\tpatient\t(\nBaker\tet\tal,\t2013\n)\t(see\t\nChapters\t4\n\tand\t\n5\n).\tCF\tpatients\tfrequently\thave\tgrowth\tfailure,\nthe\tcause\tof\twhich\tis\tmultifactorial:\tmalabsorption,\tincreased\n\tenergy\tneeds,\tand\treduced\tappetite.\nNutritional\tstatus\tis\tclosely\tcorrelated\tto\tpulmonary\tfunction\tand\ts...
[ 0.001953454688191414, -0.01073411200195551, 0.06205035001039505, -0.02768300101161003, -0.10944546014070511, 0.030276820063591003, 0.10360809415578842, 0.06367294490337372, 0.016598986461758614, 0.04992823675274849, 0.10509467869997025, -0.024495210498571396, 0.0010130825685337186, 0.06707...
attention\tto\tgrowth\tstatus\tin\tchildren\tshould\tbe\tmonitored;\tclinical\tcare\tguidelines\tfor\tinfants\tand\npreschoolers\thave\tbeen\tpublished\t(\nBorowitz\tet\tal,\t2009\n;\t\nLahiri\tet\tal,\t2016\n).\tAll\tpatients\twith\tCF\nshould\thave\tregular\tnutritional\tassessments\tfor\tearly\tdetection\n\tof\tnutr...
[ 0.005545350722968578, -0.0034754311200231314, 0.0540430024266243, -0.020456068217754364, -0.07787062972784042, 0.03131064400076866, 0.05079098790884018, 0.03385419026017189, -0.022703688591718674, 0.022980868816375732, 0.10951504111289978, 0.0037151554133743048, 0.01989426650106907, 0.0245...
of\tnutritional\tstatus\tdeterioration\n(see\t\nPathophysiology\tand\tCare\tManagement\tAlgorithm:\n\tCystic\tFibrosis\n).\tOlder\tchildren\tshould\tbe\nevaluated\tfor\tbone\tdensity,\tusing\tthe\tdual-energy\tx-ray\tabsorptiometry\t(DEXA)\t(see\t\nChapter\t23\n).\nCF\tis\ttypically\tassociated\twith\tmalnutrition;\tho...
[ 0.017116986215114594, -0.044598255306482315, 0.04068034142255783, 0.01582181267440319, -0.10378856956958771, -0.005376314278692007, 0.10162083804607391, 0.08162540942430496, 0.022642003372311592, 0.01208010595291853, 0.07427916675806046, 0.01136729121208191, 0.03868522122502327, 0.04571242...
has\talso\tincreased\tin\tthis\tpopulation,\traising\tconcern\tfor\tthe\teffect\n\tof\texcess\tenergy\tintake\ton\tlung
[ -0.0034433945547789335, -0.08494346588850021, 0.07686438411474228, -0.013270530849695206, -0.04551419988274574, 0.020440412685275078, 0.16411776840686798, 0.05059744045138359, -0.03614038601517677, 0.02855597995221615, 0.082134909927845, -0.09919247031211853, 0.03926525264978409, 0.0534578...
function.\tDietary\trecommendations\tshould\temphasize\ta\tbalanced\thealthy\tdiet\twith\tgood\texercise\nhabits.\nMajor\tgoals\tof\tnutritional\ttherapy\tare\tincreasing\tmuscle\tstrength,\tpromoting\toptimal\tgrowth\tand\nweight\tmaintenance,\tand\tenhancing\tthe\tquality\tof\tlife.\tTo\tachieve\tthese\tgoals,\tthe\t...
[ 0.03850176930427551, -0.04396454244852066, 0.048679567873477936, -0.0548224076628685, -0.10653521865606308, -0.01305417064577341, 0.09117342531681061, 0.04800533503293991, -0.004246417433023453, 0.08393555879592896, 0.08316054940223694, -0.03026439994573593, 0.03718539699912071, 0.04648919...
treatment\tare\tto\tcorrect\tmaldigestion\tand\tmalabsorption\tand\tto\tprovide\n\tnutrients\tthat\tare\tcommonly\ndeficient.\nEnergy.\nEvidenced-based\tnutrition\tgoals\tfor\tindividuals\twith\tCF\tare\tbased\ton\tthe\tCystic\tFibrosis\tFoundation\nregistry\tdata\tanalysis\tfor\tage\tand\tsex:\n•\t\nNewborn\tto\t24\tm...
[ -0.05317902937531471, 0.007207322865724564, 0.039607755839824677, -0.01162323635071516, -0.06324729323387146, -0.014101659879088402, 0.06403502076864243, 0.11714473366737366, -0.033438727259635925, -0.008009053766727448, 0.05328703671693802, 0.004602623172104359, 0.017286665737628937, 0.06...
and\tPrevention\t(CDC)\tgrowth\tcharts\n•\t\n2\tto\t20\tyears\told:\tBMI\t50th\tto\t85th\tpercentile,\tusing\tCDC\tgrowth\tcharts\n•\t\nAdult\tfemales:\tBMI\t22\tto\t27\tkg/m\n2\n•\t\nAdult\tmales:\tBMI\t23\tto\t27\tmg/km\n2\nThese\tweight\tgoals\tare\tassociated\twith\ta\tdesirable\tpulmonary\tfunction.\nA\tbroad\tran...
[ -0.012723715044558048, -0.015207304619252682, 0.05046667903661728, 0.003754799487069249, -0.08931011706590652, -0.037451207637786865, 0.054585959762334824, 0.09050057083368301, -0.016706809401512146, 0.008915837854146957, 0.0623469203710556, -0.053735118359327316, 0.07433289289474487, 0.03...
150%\tof\trecommendations\tfor\tthe\tgeneral\tpopulation,\tdepending\ton\tthe\tCF\tmutation,\tthe\tpatient’s\nage,\tdegree\tof\tmalabsorption,\tpresence\tof\tpulmonary\texacerbation,\n\tpulmonary\tfunction,\tsex,\npubertal\tstatus,\tpresence\tof\tadditional\tmedical\tcomplications\t(CFRD,\tCF\tliver\tdisease),\tand\tth...
[ 0.038860928267240524, -0.05689449980854988, 0.017281129956245422, -0.05531778931617737, -0.14331978559494019, -0.0015369295142591, 0.07256832718849182, 0.05825336277484894, 0.04062288999557495, 0.03143228963017464, 0.10203442722558975, -0.025032570585608482, 0.05032651126384735, 0.05046297...
current\tstate\tof\thealth\t(\nSchindler\tet\tal,\t2015\n).\nA\tchallenging\tissue\tis\tattaining\tan\tadequate\tenergy\tintake\twith\tan\tenergy\tdense\tdiet.\tThe\ndetermination\tto\tinitiate\tenteral\tfeedings\tis\tindividualized\tfor\tthose\twho\tare\tunable\tto\tconsume\nadequate\tcalories\tand\tprotein\tto\tmeet\...
[ -0.022781986743211746, -0.06816806644201279, 0.06453080475330353, -0.020764075219631195, -0.036207716912031174, 0.028729045763611794, 0.12110660970211029, 0.0797407403588295, -0.040752410888671875, 0.08790285140275955, 0.10848017781972885, -0.030531400814652443, 0.02564527466893196, 0.0950...
growth/weight\tmaintenance\tgoals\tor\tthose\twith\tmoderate\tor\nsevere\tmalnutrition\t(\nSchwarzenberg,\t2016\n).\tTube\tfeeding\toptions\tinclude\tgastrostomy\ttube,\nnasogastric\ttube,\tand\tjejunostomy\ttube.\tThe\tmost\tcommon\tdelivery\toption\tis\tthe\tpercutaneous\nendoscopic\tgastrostomy\t(PEG)\ttube\t(see\t\...
[ -0.02178741805255413, -0.020793823525309563, 0.015911832451820374, 0.013717273250222206, -0.10431049764156342, -0.04126197472214699, 0.016634399071335793, 0.08996035158634186, -0.07906640321016312, 0.009647025726735592, 0.10112474113702774, 0.025010662153363228, -0.009004944935441017, 0.01...
Chapter\t12\n).\tAppropriate\tPERT\tmanagement\tshould\tbe\nmaintained\twith\tgeneral\tguidelines\tbased\ton\tfat\tgrams\tprovided.\tIf\n\tthe\tpatient\tis\teating,\tPERT\tcan\nbe\tadministered\torally.\tFor\tthose\twho\tare\tnot\ttaking\tanything\tby\tmouth,\tPERT\tmay\tbe\tcrushed\n(depending\ton\tthe\ttype\tof\tPERT...
[ 0.005052702501416206, -0.00638959975913167, 0.07163173705339432, -0.08015544712543488, -0.10929446667432785, 0.019541144371032715, 0.07179570943117142, 0.025252660736441612, -0.02274579182267189, 0.026741953566670418, 0.08601820468902588, 0.0033046300522983074, 0.07910503447055817, 0.01063...
as\tan\tenteral\tmedication.\tRecently\ta\tdigestive\tenzyme\tcartridge\tbecame\tavailable\tthat\tattaches\tto\nfeeding\ttube\tsets,\twhich\tsimplifies\tPERT\tadministration.\nVitamins\tand\tminerals.\nIn\tCF\tpatients,\tliver\tdisease\tand\tpancreatic\tdysfunction\tlead\tto\tfat\tmalabsorption,\twhich\tpredisposes
[ 0.026908786967396736, -0.08229946345090866, 0.044513799250125885, 0.01121971383690834, -0.06501438468694687, 0.009206412360072136, 0.12712198495864868, 0.059983111917972565, -0.014507852494716644, -0.008296623826026917, 0.07993308454751968, -0.007111015729606152, 0.008518645539879799, 0.00...
these\tpatients\tto\tdeficiencies\tof\tfat-soluble\tvitamins\tA,\tD,\tE,\tand\tK\tand\tsome\tminerals\teven\twith\nPERT\tuse.\tVitamin\tlevels\tshould\tbe\tassessed\tat\tdiagnosis\t(except\tthe\tnewborn)\tand\tsupplemented\tas\nindicated.\tCF-specific\tvitamins\tcontain\tfat\tand\twater-soluble\tvitamins\tas\twell\tas\...
[ 0.0019737682305276394, -0.04739965498447418, 0.043930500745773315, -0.027461033314466476, -0.03252941742539406, -0.016122842207551003, 0.05208737403154373, 0.09306761622428894, -0.06191747635602951, -0.022159460932016373, 0.06895472854375839, -0.015389124862849712, 0.017856402322649956, 0....
absorption.\tDeficiencies\tof\tvitamins\tA,\tD,\tE,\tand\tK,\twhich\tsignificantly\taffect\tCF\tpatients,\treduce\ntheir\tresponse\tto\tpulmonary\tinfections.\nBecause\tbone\tdisease\tis\tcommon\tin\tpatients\twith\tCF\tand\tprogresses\twith\tage\t(\nRana\tet\tal,\t2014\n),\nthe\tCystic\tFibrosis\tfoundation\trecommend...
[ 0.010837567038834095, -0.060482993721961975, 0.049081191420555115, -0.006464028265327215, -0.09534703195095062, -0.04283595085144043, 0.07735238969326019, 0.07564810663461685, -0.011221805587410927, 0.016227446496486664, 0.08359396457672119, -0.0024665691889822483, 0.041888702660799026, 0....
3\n).\tA\tdaily\nvitamin\tD\tdosage\tof\t1500\tto\t2000\tIU\tis\tsuggested\tby\tthe\tEndocrine\n\tSociety\twith\tdosages\tincreasing\nto\t10,000\tIU\tdaily\tfor\tCF\tpatients\t18\tor\tolder\t(\nRogers,\t2013\n).\nIt\tis\talso\trecommended\tthat\tthe\tCF\tpatient\tbe\tsupplemented\twith\tvitamin\tK.\tTaking\tat\tleast\t...
[ -0.02740291878581047, -0.027406975626945496, 0.039059024304151535, -0.016875658184289932, -0.09274934977293015, 0.001970133278518915, 0.09602987766265869, 0.05020567402243614, -0.010290144011378288, -0.02607077546417713, 0.09923380613327026, -0.02651933766901493, 0.05834629014134407, 0.000...
Rogers,\t2013\n).\nFat-soluble\tvitamin\ttesting\tis\timportant\tin\tthe\tidentification\tof\tdeficiencies\tin\tCF\tpatients\twith\tPI.\nFat-soluble\tvitamins\tare\n\tsupplemented\troutinely\tand\tannually\tmonitored.\tPatients\tmay\tbe\nnoncompliant\twith\tvitamin\tsupplementation\tor\trequire\thigher\tdosages\t(\nRan...
[ -0.03697916492819786, -0.08383236825466156, 0.05225128307938576, -0.0004767361097037792, -0.06571365147829056, 0.0042846063151955605, 0.0592016726732254, 0.10698927938938141, -0.07229256629943848, -0.005832305643707514, 0.09364546090364456, 0.0032000155188143253, 0.008281531743705273, 0.08...
Rana\tet\tal,\t2014\n).\nSalt.\nExcessive\tsodium\tloss\tin\tperspiration\tin\tpatients\twith\tCF\tpredisposes\tthem\tto\thyponatremic\ndehydration\tunder\tconditions\tof\theat\tstress.\tMost\tpatients\tneed\tsupplementation\tof\tsodium\tchloride\nstarting\tin\tinfancy.\tThe\tamount\tof\tsalt\tsupplementation\n\tshould...
[ -0.004921826533973217, -0.04019679129123688, 0.0556357316672802, -0.026960695162415504, -0.10989273339509964, 0.00411258777603507, 0.11056201905012131, 0.015042591840028763, -0.022668007761240005, 0.03807294741272926, 0.1097579300403595, -0.0685412660241127, 0.06383562088012695, 0.02625335...
should\tbe\tincreased\tunder\tcircumstances\nsuch\tas\thigh\ttemperature\tand\thumidity;\ta\tdry,\tdesert\tclimate;\tstrenuous\texercise\tin\thot\tweather;\nexcessive\tsweating;\tfever;\tand\tpresence\tof\tdiarrhea\tor\tvomiting.\nZinc.\nAdditional\tzinc\tis\trecommended\tif\ta\tdeficiency\tis\tsuspected\tin\tpatients\...
[ 0.008302156813442707, 0.0007164257694967091, 0.09027880430221558, -0.006077248603105545, -0.06921140849590302, 0.014641525223851204, 0.10655411332845688, -0.013774408958852291, -0.03513842076063156, 0.009801485575735569, 0.05243970453739166, -0.03741033002734184, 0.03792622312903404, 0.071...
in\tgrowth\tor\tappetite\tor\tthose\twith\tprolonged\tdiarrhea\t(\nSchindler\tet\tal,\t2015\n).\nAsthma\nAsthma\n\tis\ta\tchronic\tdisorder\tthat\taffects\tthe\tairways\tand\tis\tcharacterized\tby\tbronchial\thyper-\nreactivity,\treversible\tairflow\tobstruction,\tand\tairway\tremodeling.\tAsthmatic\tsymptoms\tinclude
[ 0.014821546152234077, -0.050060298293828964, 0.06791906803846359, -0.0169359240680933, -0.08680924028158188, 0.034806568175554276, 0.05171578377485275, -0.012766502797603607, -0.003961059730499983, 0.11082018166780472, 0.10895581543445587, -0.023786703124642372, -0.0010794419795274734, 0.0...
periodic\tepisodes\tof\tchest\ttightness,\tbreathlessness,\tand\twheezing.\tAsthma\thas\tbecome\tmore\nprevalent\tand\thas\tbeen\tincreasing\tat\tthe\trate\tof\t25%\tto\t75%\tevery\tdecade\tsince\t1960\tin\twesternized\ncountries\t(\nAllan\tand\tDevereux,\t2011\n).\tIt\taffects\tall\tage\tgroups.\nPathophysiology
[ 0.0026038705836981535, -0.02756667323410511, 0.05218300223350525, -0.001475866767577827, -0.09240595251321793, -0.00014389667194336653, 0.10175769776105881, 0.0043723792769014835, -0.005799131002277136, 0.08601713180541992, 0.12277587503194809, -0.08755568414926529, -0.007809191010892391, ...
).\tIt\taffects\tall\tage\tgroups.\nPathophysiology\nAsthma\tis\tthe\tresult\tof\ta\tcomplex\tinteraction\tbetween\tenvironmental\texposures\tand\tgenetics.\tWhen\npeople\tare\tgenetically\tsusceptible,\tenvironmental\tfactors\texacerbate\tairway\thyper-responsiveness,
[ 0.048131313174963, -0.03920223191380501, 0.11952831596136093, 0.02640548348426819, -0.06175224110484123, 0.020623859018087387, 0.0893726572394371, -0.020321106538176537, -0.025918683037161827, 0.05430007725954056, 0.0828600823879242, -0.09799401462078094, -0.005983672104775906, -0.00322044...
airway\tinflammation,\tand\tatopy\t(tendency\tto\tdevelop\tallergic\treaction),\twhich\teventually\tleads\tto\nasthma.\nEnvironmental\tfactors\tthat\tare\tlinked\tto\tthe\tdevelopment\n\tof\tasthma\tinclude\tindoor\tallergies\t(dust\nmites,\tanimal\tallergies)\tand\toutdoor\tallergies\t(pollen\tand\tfungi),\texposure\t...
[ 0.05515654757618904, -0.010562759824097157, 0.0971168652176857, -0.04499523714184761, -0.040221258997917175, 0.0023270270321518183, 0.0708470270037651, -0.018867697566747665, -0.03386727347970009, 0.11751031875610352, 0.138344869017601, -0.09058370441198349, 0.011931885033845901, 0.0113076...
pollution,\trecurring\trespiratory\tinfections,\tgastrointestinal\tesophageal\treflux,\tsulfites\tin\tfoods,\tand\nmedication\tsensitivities\t(\nFanta,\t2017\n).\tA\tyounger\tgestational\tage\tand\ta\thigher\tinfant\tweight\tgain\tare\nassociated\twith\tthe\tdevelopment\tof\tasthma\t(\nSonnenschein-van\tder\tVoort\tet\...
[ 0.036060795187950134, 0.02376202493906021, 0.10272795706987381, -0.024760937318205833, -0.02015882357954979, 0.027779314666986465, 0.1041923463344574, -0.017590999603271484, -0.08856400847434998, 0.09906835108995438, 0.12819890677928925, -0.10264744609594345, 0.018909383565187454, 0.010103...
Sonnenschein-van\tder\tVoort\tet\tal,\t2014\n).\tLower\nsocioeconomic\tstatus\tmay\talso\tbe\tcorrelated\twith\tthe\tincidence\tof\tasthma\t(\nChen\tet\tal,\t2016\n).\nClinicians\tidentify\tthree\tkey\tareas\twhen\tdiagnosing\tasthma:\n1.\t\nAirflow\tobstruction\tthat\tis\tat\tleast\tpartially\treversible\n2.\t\nAirflo...
[ -0.023016011342406273, 0.004766424652189016, 0.025643371045589447, -0.1047506108880043, -0.07002295553684235, 0.004140816628932953, 0.029792770743370056, -0.003960900940001011, -0.03455851972103119, 0.0765245333313942, 0.12525375187397003, -0.05203145369887352, -0.0014029808808118105, -0.0...
2.\t\nAirflow\tobstruction\tthat\trecurs\tin\tresponse\tto\ta\ttrigger\n3.\t\nSymptoms\tconsistent\twith\tasthma\nSymptoms\tsuch\tas\twheezing,\tcoughing,\tshortness\tof\tbreath,\tand\tchest\ttightness\n\toccur\tin\tmost\npatients,\tand\tsymptoms\tthat\tworsen\tat\tnight\tis\ta\tcommon\tfeature.\tAlthough\tallergic\tas...
[ 0.03167467936873436, -0.022630296647548676, 0.06564316898584366, -0.05337674170732498, -0.10003111511468887, 0.010145958513021469, 0.0803123190999031, -0.04068760201334953, -0.02014724723994732, 0.10214611142873764, 0.09638240188360214, -0.0810864120721817, 0.03172807767987251, -0.01567061...
“extrinsic\tasthma”\tis\tdue\tto\tchronic\tallergic\tinflammation\tof\tthe\tairways,\t“intrinsic\tasthma”\tis\ntriggered\tby\tnonallergic\tfactors\tsuch\tas\texercise,\tcertain\tchemicals,\tand\textreme\temotions\t(\nChih–\nHung\tGuo\tet\tal,\t2012\n).\nA\tlife-threatening\tsituation\twith\tmarkedly\tnarrow\tairways,\t...
[ 0.013866549357771873, -0.026412153616547585, 0.060897450894117355, -0.05728606507182121, -0.12633629143238068, -0.011071814224123955, 0.08486992865800858, -0.0157142523676157, 0.00935432780534029, 0.098016157746315, 0.10197798162698746, -0.034896865487098694, 0.02381700836122036, 0.0247592...
asthmaticus,\tcan\tresult\nwhen\tasthma\thas\tnot\tbeen\ttreated\tproperly.\tCorticosteroid\ttherapy\tis\toften\tprescribed,\tbut\tchronic\nuse\tmay\tplace\tthe\tindividual\tat\trisk\tfor\t\nosteopenia\n\t(precursor\tto\tosteoporosis),\tbone\tfractures,\tor\nsteroid-induced\thyperglycemia\t(see\t\nAppendix\t13\n).\tSom...
[ -0.02889815904200077, -0.023003850132226944, 0.024737320840358734, -0.03428078815340996, -0.03969272971153259, 0.0273803249001503, 0.03572508692741394, 0.07725179195404053, -0.024126192554831505, 0.07612001150846481, 0.08060555160045624, 0.05132731795310974, 0.03094669245183468, 0.03418853...
Appendix\t13\n).\tSome\tevidence\tsupports\tthe\teffectiveness\tof\nsublingual\timmunotherapy\tin\tthe\ttreatment\tof\tasthma\tand\trhinitis,\tbut\tmore\tstudies\n\tare\tneeded\ton\noptimal\tdosages\t(\nLin\tet\tal,\t2013\n).\nMedical\tmanagement\nThe\tessential\tcomponents\tof\tasthma\ttherapy\tare\troutine\tmonitorin...
[ -0.002791057573631406, -0.038209788501262665, 0.08249528706073761, -0.03241242468357086, -0.1237165555357933, -0.018884195014834404, 0.04483228921890259, 0.026790356263518333, -0.002031691139563918, 0.06201643869280815, 0.12196940928697586, 0.0009017789852805436, 0.018300918862223625, 0.04...
patient\teducation,\tcontrol\tof\tenvironmental\ttriggers,\tand\tpharmacotherapy.\nPharmacologic\ttreatment\tmust\tbe\ttailored\tto\tthe\tindividual\tpatient\tand\tis\tused\tin\ta\tstepwise\nmanner.\tThe\tmedications\tand\tthe\tregime\tchosen\tdepend\ton\tthe\n\tseverity\tof\tthe\tasthma,\twhich\tcan\tbe
[ 0.013050800189375877, -0.015229123644530773, 0.05715486407279968, -0.03548428788781166, -0.12582123279571533, 0.022013919427990913, 0.11511318385601044, 0.010282139293849468, -0.004189161118119955, 0.031001875177025795, 0.08990132063627243, -0.01697610691189766, 0.008435000665485859, 0.016...
severity\tof\tthe\tasthma,\twhich\tcan\tbe\nclassified\tas\tan\tacute\tattack,\tintermittent,\tmild\tpersistent,\tmoderate\tpersistent,\tor\tsevere\tpersistent.\nQuick-relief\tand\tlong-term\tcontroller\tmedications\tare\tused\tas\ttherapy\tfor\tasthma.\tAlthough\tquick-\nrelief\tmedications\tinclude\tshort-acting\tbet...
[ 0.01972014643251896, 0.007106912322342396, 0.07280626893043518, -0.029111763462424278, -0.09010299295186996, 0.019160542637109756, 0.05269736424088478, 0.06134606525301933, -0.04095599055290222, 0.04052603244781494, 0.11989440023899078, -0.0231137964874506, 0.03596153482794762, 0.043995738...
controller\tmedications\tinclude\tinhaled\tcorticosteroid,\n\tlong-acting\tbeta\tagonists,\tand\tleukotriene\nmodifiers.\tLong-acting\tanticholinergics\tare\tnow\tconsidered\tas\tadditional\ttherapy\tin\tthose\tnot\ncontrolled\twith\tinhaled\tcorticosteroids\t(\nSobieraj\tet\tal,\t2018\n).
[ -0.021248169243335724, -0.029519235715270042, 0.016243234276771545, -0.06008194759488106, -0.11041666567325592, 0.059623848646879196, 0.1036422848701477, 0.06831410527229309, 0.008446130901575089, 0.07912826538085938, 0.12399796396493912, -0.03964420408010483, 0.012033959850668907, 0.03112...
controlled\twith\tinhaled\tcorticosteroids\t(\nSobieraj\tet\tal,\t2018\n).\nInhaled\tcorticosteroids\tare\tthe\tcornerstone\tof\tpharmacologic\tmanagement\twith\tpersistent\tasthma.\nSome\tpatients\twith\trefractory\tasthma\tneed\tmaintenance\tdoses\tof\tsystemic\tsteroids.\tBecause\tsteroids
[ 0.012239853851497173, -0.01831875741481781, 0.020016783848404884, -0.06588476151227951, -0.12685999274253845, 0.05683813616633415, 0.08576086163520813, 0.08314907550811768, 0.01632252149283886, 0.06960748881101608, 0.10358422994613647, -0.019710896536707878, 0.019704557955265045, 0.0312596...
change\tbone\tmetabolism\tand\tthe\tdevelopment\tof\tosteoporosis,\tthese\tpatients\tbenefit\tfrom\tincreased\ncalcium\tintake.\tTherapies\tdeveloped\tover\tthe\tpast\tdecade\tfor\tsevere\tasthmatics\tfocus\ton\nimmunotherapy:\tantiimmunoglobulin\tE\t(anti-IgE),\tantiinterleukin-5\t(anti-IL-5)\tantibodies,\ttumor
[ -0.015054687857627869, 0.0023459335789084435, 0.04731810465455055, -0.021822713315486908, -0.05745484307408333, 0.006474991329014301, 0.05975152552127838, 0.07250308990478516, -0.02508244849741459, 0.04544119909405708, 0.016413407400250435, 0.03348206356167793, 0.006777661386877298, 0.0044...
necrosis\tfactor-alpha\t(TNF-α)\tinhibitors,\tand\tmacrolide\tantibiotics.\nAntibiotics\tfor\texacerbation\tof\tasthma\tare\tnot\n\trecommended\tby\tcurrent\tclinical\tpractice\nguidelines,\tbecause\trespiratory\tinfection\ttriggering\tasthma\tattacks\tare\tmore\toften\tviral\trather\tthan\nbacterial.\nMedical\tnutriti...
[ 0.011249478906393051, -0.05974859744310379, 0.04651718586683273, -0.03758234530687332, -0.06650912016630173, 0.020888280123472214, 0.05253083258867264, 0.04753057286143303, -0.07571064680814743, 0.09541646391153336, 0.09478426724672318, -0.057591818273067474, 0.012182904407382011, 0.079724...
bacterial.\nMedical\tnutrition\ttherapy\nWhen\ttreating\tasthma,\tthe\tdietitian\tnutritionist\taddresses\tdietary\ttriggers,\tcorrects\tenergy\tand\nnutrient\tdeficiencies\tand\texcesses\tin\tthe\tdiet,\teducates\tthe\tpatient\ton\ta\tpersonalized\tdiet\tthat\nprovides\toptimal\tlevels\n\tof\tnutrients,\tmonitors\tgro...
[ 0.01340832281857729, -0.06633909791707993, 0.030680213123559952, -0.03413977473974228, -0.06481348723173141, 0.06502335518598557, 0.08758646994829178, 0.09032926708459854, -0.10783564299345016, 0.06727762520313263, 0.0953281819820404, -0.05463440343737602, 0.021937333047389984, 0.083807103...
interactions.\nModulation\tof\tantioxidant\tintake\twith\tnutritional\tsupplementation\thas\ta\tbeneficial\teffect\ton\tthe\nseverity\tand\tprogression\tof\tasthma\t(\nFabian\tet\tal,\t2013\n).\tAlthough\ta\tslight\tinverse\tassociation\twas\nseen\tbetween\ta\tlow\tvitamin\tE\tintake\tand\twheezing\tsymptoms,\tno\tasso...
[ 0.011598638258874416, -0.07669263333082199, 0.04713666811585426, 0.03702988103032112, -0.08272819966077805, 0.029776236042380333, 0.07727159559726715, 0.013772734440863132, 0.0009943011682480574, 0.03951718658208847, 0.11524392664432526, -0.05933626368641853, 0.0019764977041631937, 0.04558...
vitamin\tE\tand\tasthma.\tFurther\n\tstudies\tare\trequired\tto\tunderstand\tthe\tmechanism\tof\tvitamin\tE\ton\tthe\ninflammation\tof\tthe\timmune\tsystem\t(\nFabian\tet\tal,\t2013\n).\tLow\tblood\tcarotenoid\tlevels\talso\thave\tbeen\nlinked\twith\tasthma.\tA\tdiet\trich\tin\tantioxidants\tand\tmonounsaturated\tfats\...
[ -0.031644608825445175, -0.015388406813144684, 0.037467729300260544, -0.024573687463998795, -0.07266589999198914, 0.04037057235836983, 0.12255106121301651, 0.012281432747840881, -0.0477396659553051, 0.07620108127593994, 0.1316346973180771, -0.07656782120466232, 0.009890601970255375, -0.0131...
effect\ton\tchildhood\tasthma\tby\tcounteracting\toxidative\tstress\t(\nGarcia-Marcos\tet\tal,\t2013\n).\tThe\nrelationship\tbetween\tselenium\tstatus\n\tand\tthe\tincidence\tand\tseverity\tof\tasthma\thas\tbeen\tinconsistent\nin\thumans\tso\tselenium\tsupplementation\tis\tnot\trecommended\t(\nNorton\tet\tal,\t2012\n).
[ -0.01467335969209671, 0.03137655183672905, 0.07673940807580948, 0.03773845359683037, -0.020661167800426483, 0.05240413546562195, 0.035184528678655624, 0.03248181566596031, -0.02442779578268528, 0.03655765578150749, 0.1513971984386444, -0.05300050601363182, -0.008984833024442196, -0.0138759...
Norton\tet\tal,\t2012\n).\nIn\tthe\tchildhood\tasthma\tprevention\tstudy\tomega-3\tpolyunsaturated\tfatty\tacid\t(PUFA)\tfish\toil\twas\nsupplemented\tthroughout\tchildhood,\tand\twheezing\twas\treduced.\tThis\teffect\tdid\tnot\tcontinue\tinto\nlater\tchildhood.\tSupplementation\tof\tvitamin\tC\tand\tzinc\talso\thave\n...
[ -0.035142410546541214, -0.03857233002781868, 0.025652313604950905, -0.04983888193964958, -0.061647240072488785, 0.0013928565895184875, 0.1233610138297081, 0.011057407595217228, -0.009369458071887493, 0.03504304587841034, 0.07989884167909622, -0.038585979491472244, 0.08610457926988602, 0.03...
been\treported\tto\timprove\tasthma\nsymptoms\tand\tlung\tfunction\t(\nAllan\tand\tDevereux,\t2011\n).\nConflicting\tresults\ton\tthe\tefficacy\tof\tvitamin\tD\tsupplementation\thave\tbeen\treported.\tIn\tone\tstudy\nan\tinsufficient\tserum\tlevel\tof\tless\tthan\t30\tng/dL\tof\tvitamin\tD\twas\tassociated\twith\tan\ti...
[ 0.021670034155249596, -0.00022305063612293452, 0.10052192211151123, -0.054675035178661346, -0.0787036344408989, 0.018454905599355698, 0.10098803043365479, 0.007208035793155432, -0.03743690997362137, 0.06988445669412613, 0.09837806224822998, -0.01665513962507248, 0.03493727743625641, 0.0129...
asthma\texacerbation\tin\tthe\tform\tof\temergency\troom\t(ER)\tvisits\tand\thospitalizations\t(\nBrehm\tet\tal,\n2010\n).\tIn\tanother,\n\thigh\tdoses\tof\tvitamin\tD\tsupplementation\twere\tnot\tshown\tto\thave\tany\tprotective\neffect\t(\nLitonjua\tet\tal,\t2014\n).\tDue\tto\tthe\tconflicting\tresults\tof\tthese\tst...
[ 0.015185724012553692, -0.02682853676378727, 0.06774431467056274, -0.042655233293771744, -0.038662608712911606, 0.02250629849731922, 0.11652130633592606, 0.01006312109529972, -0.04503259062767029, 0.04056941717863083, 0.08179987221956253, 0.01940893940627575, 0.07404281944036484, 0.02797207...
vitamin\tD\tsupplementation\tshould\tnot\tbe\trecommended\tat\tthis\ttime\tas\ttherapy\tfor\tasthma\t(\nJiao\tand\nCastro,\t2015\n).\nOther\tnutritional\tinterventions\tcould\tpotentially\tinclude\tuse\tof\tprobiotics,\toral\tmagnesium,\tand\tthe\nMediterranean\tdiet.\tReduced\tdiversity\tor\taberrant\tcomposition\tof\...
[ 0.00929640419781208, -0.05253471061587334, 0.0381990447640419, -0.022438503801822662, -0.08419347554445267, 0.011119882576167583, 0.06749876588582993, 0.013652378693223, -0.041464485228061676, 0.06991399079561234, 0.11921313405036926, -0.04771667718887329, -0.0004028360126540065, 0.0185627...
associated\twith\tthe\tdevelopment\tof\tasthma\tin\tlater\tlife,\tso\tbreastfeeding\tis\trecommended\tto\tensure\ngrowth\tof\thealthy\tmicrobiota\t(\nMilani\tet\tal,\t2017\n;\t\nHendaus\tet\tal,\t2016\n).\tA\tnutritionally\thealthy\tdiet\nsuch\tas\tthe\tMediterranean\tdiet\tmay\thelp\tprevent\tasthma\tduring\tchildhood...
[ 0.025213049724698067, 0.021740568801760674, 0.02793906070291996, -0.0676683560013771, -0.09677956998348236, 0.046875908970832825, 0.0004753734392579645, -0.027440454810857773, -0.029855703935027122, 0.07485201954841614, 0.21645429730415344, -0.06088672950863838, 0.021656421944499016, 0.018...
Hendaus\tet\tal,\t2016\n).\tIn\na\tsmall\tstudy\tof\t55\tmales\tand\tfemales\twith\tmild\tto\tmoderate\tasthma,\tsupplementing\twith\t340\tmg\nmagnesium/\tday\t(in\ttwo\tdivided\tdoses\tof\t170\tmg)\tfor\t6\tmonths\treduced\tbronchial\treactivity\tand\nimproved\tpulmonary\tfunction\ttests\t(\nKazaks\tet\tal,\t2010\n).
[ -0.035201285034418106, -0.030641237273812294, 0.016377147287130356, -0.05701122060418129, -0.05726082623004913, -0.03403102979063988, 0.06519056856632233, 0.04747695103287697, -0.027890266850590706, 0.04006383568048477, 0.11181118339300156, -0.013601443730294704, 0.008839501067996025, 0.06...
improved\tpulmonary\tfunction\ttests\t(\nKazaks\tet\tal,\t2010\n).\nA\thigher\tthan\tdesirable\tBMI\tduring\tchildhood\tis\tassociated\twith\ta\tsignificant\tincrease\tin\tthe\ndevelopment\tof\tasthma.\tInstitution\tof\tdiets\tthat\thelp\twith\n\tweight\tloss\tin\tasthmatic\tobese\tchildren
[ 0.008511084131896496, 0.002245586598291993, 0.12234260886907578, -0.016642238944768906, -0.12049306184053421, 0.006371966563165188, 0.0966171994805336, -0.009267675690352917, -0.1021503284573555, 0.08363670855760574, 0.10898535698652267, -0.0455770306289196, 0.0220908522605896, -0.02301768...
weight\tloss\tin\tasthmatic\tobese\tchildren\nseem\tto\tshow\timprovements\twith\tthe\tcontrol\tof\tasthma,\tstatic\tlung\tfunction,\tand\timproved\tquality\tof\nlife\t(\nGibson\tet\tal,\t2013\n).\tHowever,\ta\tlarge\tstudy\tof\tadult\tobese\tasthmatics\tfound\tthat\tthe\tdegree\tof\nweight\tloss\tneeded\tto\timprove\t...
[ -0.04880834370851517, -0.010936258360743523, 0.04902675375342369, -0.027561277151107788, -0.11687564104795456, -0.007552525028586388, 0.08142713457345963, -0.0029249507933855057, -0.013881649821996689, 0.07789391279220581, 0.11019858717918396, -0.08377788215875626, 0.034959446638822556, 0....
control\t(\nMa\tet\tal,\t2015\n).\nGastroesophageal\treflux\tdisease\t(GERD)\n\tand\tfood\tallergens\tare\tthe\ttwo\tmost\tcommon\tdietary\ntriggers\tfor\tasthma.\tGERD\tis\thighly\tprevalent\tin\tasthmatic\tpatients.\tA\tcritical\tcomponent\tof\tMNT\tfor\nasthmatic\tpatients\tis\ta\tdiet\tfree\tof\tknown\tirritants\ts...
[ -0.00398112740367651, -0.03969324380159378, 0.012103461660444736, -0.0051149362698197365, -0.10710139572620392, 0.006652862299233675, 0.08859949558973312, 0.04798087850213051, -0.01589086465537548, 0.03855312988162041, 0.12432298064231873, -0.01969725824892521, 0.05605071783065796, 0.01954...
foods\t(see\t\nChapter\t26\n).\tLimiting\tthe\tintake\tof\thigh\tfat\tfoods\tand\tportion\tcontrol\tcan\tprevent\tgastric\nsecretions,\twhich\texacerbate\tGERD.\nFood\tallergens\tand\tfood\tadditives\tare\tother\tpotential\tdietary\ttriggers\tfor\tasthma.\tAn\tIgE-mediated\nreaction\tto\ta\tfood\tprotein\tcan\tlead\tto...
[ 0.005288122221827507, -0.06007225066423416, 0.057958174496889114, 0.011662478558719158, -0.04841776192188263, 0.02194209210574627, 0.09526199102401733, 0.0064448406919837, -0.05509967356920242, 0.03163041174411774, 0.13118302822113037, -0.040381673723459244, 0.006822620984166861, -0.023433...
protein\tis\tthe\tonly\tdietary\ttreatment\tcurrently\tavailable\tfor\tfood\tallergies.\tSome\tsulfites,\tsuch\tas\npotassium\tmetabisulfite\tand\tsodium\tsulfide,\tused\tin\tthe\tprocessing\tof\tfoods\thave\tbeen\tfound\tto\tbe\ta\ntrigger\tfor\tasthmatics\t(\nGaur\tet\tal,\t2013\n)\nSome\tasthma\tpatients\tneed\tmain...
[ -0.009929710067808628, -0.09844838827848434, 0.0314672589302063, -0.04944242909550667, -0.06025150790810585, 0.010849657468497753, 0.06019652634859085, 0.05568680912256241, -0.02551380544900894, 0.015602768398821354, 0.12217557430267334, -0.015798037871718407, 0.015373372472822666, 0.04959...
drug-nutrient\tinteraction\tproblems.\tDue\tto\trisk\tof\tdeveloping\tosteoporosis\twhile\ton\tlong-term\nsteroids,\tintakes\tof\t1000\tmg\tcalcium/day\tand\t600\tIU\tVitamin\tD\tis\tsuggested\tfor\tchildren\tages\t4-17\n(\nBuckley,\t2017\n).\nChronic\tobstructive\tpulmonary\tdisease\nChronic\tobstructive\tpulmonary\td...
[ -0.04663962125778198, -0.05242065340280533, 0.03318783640861511, -0.07371766120195389, -0.09515617787837982, 0.011410431936383247, 0.049415841698646545, 0.08858000487089157, -0.048689648509025574, 0.05427330359816551, 0.0851072147488594, -0.054992325603961945, 0.03316112607717514, 0.073094...
is\tnow\tthe\tthird\tmost\tcommon\tcause\tof\tdeath\tin\nthe\tworld\tand\tis\tpredicted\tto\tbe\tthe\tfifth\tmost\tcommon\tcause\tof\tdisability\tby\t2020\t(\nBurney\tet\tal,\n2014\n).\tSmoke\tfrom\tcigarettes\tis\ta\tmajor\trisk\tfactor,\talong\twith\tthat\tfrom\tbiomass\tfuel\tused\tfor\ncooking\tand\theating\tin\tru...
[ 0.003886620979756117, 0.008738765493035316, 0.02821163460612297, -0.06625119596719742, -0.07560427486896515, -0.016903512179851532, 0.07374429702758789, -0.014453312382102013, -0.013513359241187572, 0.08128146082162857, 0.06752005219459534, -0.03251653537154198, 0.09406773746013641, 0.0179...
and\tgenetic\tfactors\tare\talso\tfactors\tin\tthe\tdevelopment\n\tof\tCOPD\t(\nTable\t33.1\n).\tPatients\twith\tCOPD\nsuffer\tfrom\tdecreased\tfood\tintake\tand\tmalnutrition\tthat\tcauses\trespiratory\tmuscle\tweakness,\nincreased\tdisability,\tincreased\tsusceptibility\tto\tinfections,\tand\thormonal\talterations.\n...
[ 0.0071153114549815655, -0.023713814094662666, 0.0409926101565361, -0.0059411185793578625, -0.06848923116922379, -0.006498491391539574, 0.09109988808631897, 0.06891007721424103, -0.043252356350421906, 0.0476919449865818, 0.12407734990119934, -0.019338279962539673, 0.0037977402098476887, 0.0...
TABLE\t33.1\nRisk\tFactors\tfor\tChronic\tObstructive\tPulmonary\tDisease\t(COPD)\nDefinite\nProbable\nTobacco\tsmoking\nOccupational\texposure\nExposure\tto\tbiomass\tfuel\tsmoke\nEnvironmental\ttobacco\tsmoke\nPulmonary\ttuberculosis\nRepeated\tlower\trespiratory\tinfection\tduring\tchildhood\nPoorly\ttreated\tasthma
[ 0.00913655012845993, -0.03301069140434265, 0.026111533865332603, -0.010717072524130344, -0.09521615505218506, -0.010814385488629341, 0.03566312789916992, 0.016259415075182915, -0.03623654693365097, 0.09480727463960648, 0.10777747631072998, -0.11395647376775742, 0.03901093825697899, 0.06032...
Poorly\ttreated\tasthma\nAdapted\tfrom\tGupta\tD,\tet\tal:\tGuidelines\tfor\tdiagnosis\tand\tmanagement\tof\tchronic\tobstructive\tpulmonary\tdisease:\tJoint\tICS/NCCP\t(I)\nrecommendations,\t\nLung\tIndia\n\t30:228,\t2013.\nPathophysiology\nCOPD\n\tis\ta\tterm\tthat\tencompasses\t\nchronic\tbronchitis\n\t(a\tlong-term...
[ -0.00745222857221961, -0.038199085742235184, 0.09202343970537186, -0.015266504138708115, -0.1426968276500702, -0.038118716329336166, 0.022318800911307335, 0.05933339148759842, -0.031148571521043777, 0.05451077222824097, 0.07397949695587158, -0.03933775797486305, 0.02376973070204258, 0.0596...
chronic\tbronchitis\n\t(a\tlong-term\tcondition\n\tof\tCOPD\tin\twhich\ninflamed\tbronchi\tlead\tto\tmucus,\tcough,\tand\tdifficulty\tbreathing)\tand\t\nemphysema\n\t(a\tform\tof\tlong-\nterm\tlung\tdisease\tcharacterized\tby\tthe\tdestruction\tof\tlung\tparenchyma\twith\tlack\tof\telastic\trecoil).\nThese\tconditions\...
[ 0.019619744271039963, -0.0514310821890831, 0.06167842075228691, 0.004723734222352505, -0.09544555842876434, 0.02386690117418766, 0.08254262059926987, 0.034618351608514786, -0.016850272193551064, 0.039783913642168045, 0.07475116103887558, 0.028940895572304726, 0.06055464595556259, 0.0469755...
Fig.\t33.7\n\tshows\nthe\toverlap\tbetween\tthese\tthree\tconditions:\tasthma,\tchronic\tbronchitis,\tand\temphysema.\n\tAsthma-\nCOPD\toverlap\tsyndrome\t(ACOS)\tis\ta\tnew\tentity\tthat\tentails\tthose\twho\thave\tfeatures\tof\tboth\tCOPD\nand\tasthma.\tACOS\twas\trecognized\tin\t2015\tby\tthe\tGlobal\tInitiative\tfo...
[ -0.006052360404282808, 0.006594743113964796, 0.06999409198760986, -0.01977895200252533, -0.09115469455718994, 0.011365815997123718, 0.06011408567428589, -0.006931068375706673, -0.02035563811659813, 0.10108595341444016, 0.11985284090042114, -0.09313040971755981, 0.00703171594068408, 0.03036...
Disease\t(GOLD)\tand\tGlobal\tInitiative\tfor\tAsthma\t(GINA).
[ -0.027719596400856972, 0.01991541124880314, 0.04539141058921814, 0.05423487350344658, -0.11977076530456543, 0.00611375505104661, 0.13968198001384735, 0.014064818620681763, -0.02464291825890541, 0.06408718228340149, 0.10057798027992249, -0.09194562584161758, -0.06801308691501617, 0.00300387...
FIG.\t33.7\nThe\toverlap\tof\tasthma,\tchronic\tbronchitis,\tand\temphysema\tmaking\tup\tchronic\tobstructive\tpulmonary\ndisease\t(COPD).\nPatients\twith\tprimary\temphysema\tsuffer\tfrom\tgreater\tdyspnea\tand\tcachexia.\tOn\tthe\tother\thand\npatients\twith\tbronchitis\thave\thypoxia,\t\nhypercapnia\n\t(increased\ta...
[ -0.004055388737469912, -0.055400487035512924, 0.054582927376031876, -0.014788230881094933, -0.09213163703680038, -0.013043655082583427, 0.05618095397949219, 0.057304393500089645, -0.028101330623030663, 0.0710102841258049, 0.08989496529102325, -0.01137958001345396, 0.045209381729364395, 0.0...
hypercapnia\n\t(increased\tamount\tof\tCO\n2\n),\tand\tcomplications\nsuch\tas\tpulmonary\thypertension\tand\tright\theart\tfailure\t(\nPapaioannou\tet\tal,\t2013\n).\nAlpha-1\tantitrypsin\tdeficiency\tis\tpresent\tin\t1%\tto\t2%\tof\tCOPD\tpatients\tand\tis\tlikely\nunderrecognized.\tCOPD\texacerbations\tcan\tbe\tcaus...
[ 0.03136400505900383, -0.057156629860401154, 0.017130501568317413, 0.04839479923248291, -0.07194282114505768, -0.0072633083909749985, 0.10404136776924133, 0.053211111575365067, -0.018908744677901268, -0.004457779228687286, 0.07221639901399612, -0.02863929606974125, 0.04432857036590576, 0.06...
Haemophilus\tinfluenzae\n,\t\nMoraxella\ncatarrhalis\n,\t\nStreptococcus\tpneumonia\n,\trhinovirus,\tcoronavirus,\tand\tto\ta\tlesser\tdegree,\torganisms\nsuch\tas\t\nP.\taeruginosa\n,\t\nS.\taureus\n,\tMycoplasma\tspp.,\tand\t\nChlamydia\tpneumoniae\n.\tAllergies,\tsmoking,\ncongestive\theart\tfailure,\tpulmonary\n\te...
[ -0.017113562673330307, -0.01783842220902443, -0.0004520621441770345, -0.03411403298377991, -0.04731544479727745, 0.005740564316511154, 0.037436001002788544, 0.04201505333185196, -0.014655745588243008, 0.08717913925647736, 0.10437296330928802, -0.024024177342653275, 0.06326187402009964, 0.0...
embolism,\tpneumonia,\tand\tsystemic\tinfections\tare\tthe\treason\tfor\n20%\tto\t40%\tof\tCOPD\texacerbations\t(\nNakawah\tet\tal,\t2013\n).\nProlonged\ttobacco\tuse\tis\tassociated\twith\tan\tincreased\trisk\tof\thaving\tCOPD\tbesides\tother\nrespiratory\tdisorders\t(\nLiu\tet\tal,\t2015\n).\tOsteoporosis\tin\tCOPD\t...
[ -0.010617046616971493, -0.012847025878727436, 0.046272195875644684, -0.006632516626268625, -0.07576648145914078, 0.004469160921871662, 0.0475553423166275, 0.06896544247865677, -0.02434522658586502, 0.03225583955645561, 0.11440619826316833, -0.010749798268079758, 0.017106477171182632, 0.049...
).\tOsteoporosis\tin\tCOPD\tpatients\tnot\tonly\tpredisposes\tpatients\nto\tpainful\tvertebral\tfractures\tbut\talso\taffects\tlung\tfunction\tby\taltering\tthe\tconfiguration\n\tof\tthe\tchest\nwall.\tFrequent\tacute\texacerbations\tin\tCOPD\tpatients\tincrease\tthe\tseverity\tof\tchronic\tsystem
[ 0.02333195134997368, -0.01757667399942875, 0.057440657168626785, 0.01350044272840023, -0.12325330823659897, 0.014016817323863506, 0.08415673673152924, 0.014858531765639782, 0.0014094409998506308, 0.0034471270628273487, 0.09961531311273575, -0.02209012396633625, 0.0359051488339901, 0.019173...
inflammation.\tThis\tleads\tto\tbone\tloss\tby\tinhibiting\tbone\tmetabolism.\tLack\tof\tsun\texposure\tand\nphysical\tactivity\twith\tCOPD\tleads\tto\ta\tlack\tof\t25-hydroxy\tvitamin\tD\t(25[OH]D),\twhich\tregulates\tbone\nmetabolism\tby\tpromoting\tthe\tabsorption\tof\tcalcium\t(\nXiaomei\tet\tal,\t2014\n).\nFactors...
[ -0.0005922768032178283, -0.11223367601633072, 0.053378790616989136, -0.0065437788143754005, -0.05606403946876526, 0.0007432503043673933, 0.07662319391965866, 0.08138111978769302, -0.002919665537774563, 0.06146213412284851, 0.0276515930891037, 0.003445466049015522, 0.07723410427570343, 0.10...
Xiaomei\tet\tal,\t2014\n).\nFactors\tthat\tinfluence\n\tthe\tprognosis\tof\tCOPD\tare\tthe\tseverity\tof\tdisease,\tgenetic\tpredisposition,\nnutritional\tstatus,\tenvironmental\texposures,\tand\tacute\texacerbations.\nMedical\tmanagement\nIn\tgeneral,\tCOPD\ttherapies\thave\ta\tlimited\teffect\tcompared\twith\ttherapi...
[ 0.026991846039891243, -0.03274873271584511, 0.08486194163560867, 0.007033524569123983, -0.0298109482973814, 0.035523783415555954, 0.08111395686864853, 0.009063600562512875, -0.02517767623066902, 0.052866529673337936, 0.16497944295406342, -0.04178355261683464, 0.06529548019170761, 0.0314633...
exception\tof\tsmoking\tcessation,\tno\tdisease-modifying\tmedications\texist\tthat\tcan\tchange\tthe\nprogression\tof\tairway\tobstruction\tin\tCOPD.\n\tThe\tairflow\tobstruction\tin\tCOPD\tis\tirreversible.\nInhaled\tbronchodilators\tremain\tthe\tmainstay\tof\ttreatment\tfor\tCOPD\tpatients.\tUsually\tthese\tare
[ -0.026370400562882423, 0.014836562797427177, 0.017882635816931725, -0.03728649765253067, -0.06161031499505043, 0.030733859166502953, 0.07559402287006378, 0.07755547016859055, 0.010954238474369049, 0.012049886398017406, 0.058269090950489044, -0.0028053103014826775, 0.0730498805642128, -0.01...
given\tby\tmetered\tdose\tinhalers\t(MDI),\tbut\tfor\tsevere\tdyspnea\tor\tthose\tunable\tto\tuse\tinhalers\t(i.e.,\narthritis,\tcognitive\tdysfunction),\tthey\tmay\tbe\tadministered\tin\ta\tnebulized\tform.\tAnticholinergic\nmedications\tsuch\tas\tipratropium\tbromide\tor\tSpiriva\t(tiotropium\n\tbromide),\ta\tlong-ac...
[ 0.03419801592826843, -0.054761871695518494, 0.03832573443651199, -0.024763163179159164, -0.1095704659819603, -0.006154615432024002, 0.034427281469106674, 0.0702633336186409, -0.062327925115823746, 0.03506993502378464, 0.07161558419466019, 0.004561505280435085, 0.06686767190694809, 0.088683...
bromide),\ta\tlong-acting\nanticholinergic\tagent\twith\tspecificity\tfor\tmuscarinic\treceptors,\tcan\tbe\tadded\tto\tthe\ttreatment.\nTheophylline\tcontinues\tto\tbe\tused\tbut\tless\toften\tdue\tto\tassociated\ttoxicity.\tInhaled\tsteroids\tand\ta\ntrial\tof\toral\tsteroids\tmay\tbe\trequired\tfor\tsome\tpatients.\t...
[ 0.03908141702413559, -0.07029659301042557, 0.032672539353370667, -0.06660626083612442, -0.10770420730113983, 0.026308244094252586, 0.06725706160068512, 0.0337446890771389, 0.023778581991791725, 0.052375081926584244, 0.13659100234508514, -0.04160275682806969, 0.010445314459502697, 0.0268261...
exacerbation\tis\tconsidered\tto\tbe\tdue\tto\tbacterial\tinfection.\nAcute\texacerbation\n\tof\tCOPD\tis\tassociated\twith\tadverse\teffects\tsuch\tas\tdeclining\tlung\tfunction,\nreduced\tquality\tof\tlife,\tand\tincreased\tmortality.\tIn\tmany\tinstitutions,\treducing\tearly\t(≤30\tdays)
[ 0.005990339443087578, -0.059398896992206573, 0.0602230429649353, -0.013192964717745781, -0.08900058269500732, 0.009649076499044895, 0.0753498300909996, 0.07140590995550156, -0.01158369891345501, 0.07637962698936462, 0.12716898322105408, -0.005097274202853441, 0.02483247220516205, 0.0656353...
readmission\tfor\tCOPD\thas\tbecome\ta\thealth\tcare\tpolicy\tgoal.\tIdentifying\treasons\tfor\treadmissions\tare\nimportant.\tSome\tof\tthese\treasons\tinclude\tdepression,\tsmoking,\tanxiety,\tGERD,\treduced\tfunctional\nstatus,\tunwillingness\tto\tuse\n\toxygen,\tand\tmalnutrition.\nPulmonary\thypertension\tis\ta\tr...
[ 0.013291174545884132, -0.024619201198220253, 0.03472292423248291, -0.015262700617313385, -0.05579925328493118, 0.014757662080228329, 0.10156035423278809, -0.0032113869674503803, -0.012647024355828762, 0.0688820630311966, 0.09213406592607498, -0.01570543460547924, 0.05106070637702942, 0.027...
COPD.\tThe\tfirst\tstep\tin\ttreating\tpulmonary\thypertension\tin\tpatients\twith\tCOPD\tis\tappropriate\nmedical\tmanagement\tof\ttheir\tobstructive\tlung\tdisease,\tas\tmentioned\tearlier.\nPatients\twith\tlow\toxygen\tlevels\t(hypoxemic)\tneed\tsupplemental\toxygen.\tPulmonary\trehabilitation\nmay\tbe\thelpful
[ -0.023535458371043205, -0.009833761490881443, 0.033187832683324814, -0.0006325866561383009, -0.08142860978841782, 0.014014750719070435, 0.07785611599683762, 0.07519643008708954, 0.0062797702848911285, 0.026209833100438118, 0.11615344882011414, -0.005240205209702253, 0.03923680633306503, 0....
may\tbe\thelpful\n\tin\tadvanced\tCOPD.\tPatients\twith\tsevere\tCOPD\tmay\tsuffer\trespiratory\tfailure\trelated\nto\tcomplications\tsuch\tas\tpneumothorax,\tpneumonia,\tand\tcongestive\theart\tfailure,\tor\tdue\tto\nuncontrolled\tadministration\tof\thigh-dose\toxygen\tor\tnarcotic\tsedatives.\tThe\tpatients\tin\tresp...
[ 0.045877207070589066, -0.020198296755552292, 0.05986393615603447, -0.04281768575310707, -0.06941697746515274, -0.009861832484602928, 0.08376523107290268, 0.05330032482743263, -0.06817346811294556, 0.05438539385795593, 0.11245296150445938, -0.0128181679174304, 0.09412376582622528, 0.0763138...
FIG.\t33.8\nAn\tintensive\tcare\tunit\t(ICU)\tpatient\ton\tventilator.\nIn\taddition\tto\tfacing\tmajor\tphysical\timpairment\tand\tchronic\tdyspnea,\tCOPD\tpatients\tare\tat\tan\nincreased\trisk\tof\tdeveloping\tdepression\tthat\tshould\tbe\tidentified\tand\ttreated.\nMedical\tnutrition\ttherapy
[ -0.01612250693142414, -0.006191244348883629, 0.0843956246972084, -0.037097133696079254, -0.0781753659248352, -0.003934304229915142, 0.10359128564596176, 0.036289677023887634, -0.015126779675483704, 0.020855804905295372, 0.10281716287136078, -0.05121895298361778, 0.038900312036275864, 0.039...
Medical\tnutrition\ttherapy\nMalnutrition\tis\ta\tcommon\tproblem\tassociated\twith\tCOPD,\twith\tprevalence\trates\tof\t30%\tto\t60%\tdue\nto\tthe\textra\tenergy\trequired\tby\n\tthe\twork\tof\tbreathing\tand\tfrequent\tand\trecurrent\trespiratory\ninfections.\tBreathing\twith\tnormal\tlungs\texpends\t36\tto\t72\tkcal...
[ 0.004394210409373045, -0.02243378944694996, 0.056243911385536194, 0.013902979902923107, -0.07197476923465729, 0.010163416154682636, 0.13253603875637054, 0.07915147393941879, -0.0340145081281662, -0.0010262937285006046, 0.08459492027759552, -0.009318364784121513, 0.06913631409406662, 0.0523...
with\tCOPD\t(\nHill\tet\tal,\t2013\n).\tInfection\twith\tfever\tincreases\tmetabolic\trate\teven\tfurther\t(see\t\nChapter\n2\n).\tMalnourished\tpatients,\tidentified\tas\tthose\thaving\tdecreased\tbody\tweight,\treduced\tfat-free\tbody\nmass,\tor\ta\tBMI\t≤20\tkg/m\n2\n,\tare\tlikely\n\tto\thave\tmore\tCOPD\texacerbat...
[ -0.027408523485064507, 0.009847283363342285, 0.043641649186611176, 0.007537096738815308, -0.071981281042099, 0.00031825152109377086, 0.04032861068844795, 0.009292569011449814, -0.02274697832763195, -0.005662534385919571, 0.11527333408594131, -0.07113965600728989, 0.044739846140146255, 0.00...
than\tthose\twho\tare\twell-nourished\t(\nItoh\tet\tal,\t2013\n).\tIncreasing\tenergy\tintake\tcan\tmaintain\tor\nimprove\tmuscle\tstrength\tand\texercise\ttolerance\tin\tthese\tpatients\t(\nItoh\tet\tal,\t2013\n).\nLow\tbody\tweight\tis\tdue\tto\tpoor\tnutritional\tintake,\tan\tincreased\tmetabolic\trate,\tor\tboth.\t...
[ -0.008827999234199524, 0.0018641505157575011, 0.07314471155405045, 0.006268531084060669, -0.08668630570173264, 0.0028680867981165648, 0.11253803968429565, -0.0008596928091719747, -0.05897156521677971, -0.01654840260744095, 0.10184021294116974, -0.04054275155067444, 0.04639330878853798, 0.0...
food\tintake\tand\tpoor\tappetite\tare\tthe\tprimary\ttargets\tfor\n\tintervention\tin\tpatients\twith\tCOPD.\tThese\ntwo\tissues\tare\tthe\treasons\tCOPD\tpatients\tstruggle\tto\tmeet\ttheir\tnutritional\tneeds.\tDepletion\tof\nprotein\tand\tvital\tminerals\tsuch\tas\tcalcium,\tmagnesium,\tpotassium,\tand\tphosphorus\...
[ -0.016365934163331985, -0.00786070991307497, 0.04810541868209839, -0.007290949113667011, -0.052900493144989014, -0.004058459307998419, 0.13854020833969116, 0.039235129952430725, -0.021353065967559814, 0.03463580831885338, 0.10626393556594849, -0.03103242628276348, 0.028322290629148483, 0.0...
respiratory\tmuscle\tfunction\timpairment.\tIn\tsevere\tmalnutrition\tinadequate\telectrolyte\trepletion\nduring\taggressive\tnutrition\trepletion\tcan\tlead\tto\tsevere\tmetabolic\tconsequences\n\trelated\tto\trefeeding\nsyndrome\t(see\t\nChapter\t12\n).\nThere\tare\ttwo\tmain\tgoals\tin\tmanaging\tthe\thypermetabolis...
[ -0.006757688242942095, -0.050945986062288284, 0.03829028457403183, -0.02761712856590748, -0.13504889607429504, -0.012511203065514565, 0.09623470902442932, 0.05855085328221321, -0.008470087312161922, 0.04265493154525757, 0.1008387878537178, -0.008819679729640484, 0.0564238540828228, 0.05661...
prevention\tof\tweight\tloss\tand\t(2)\tthe\tprevention\tof\tthe\tloss\tof\tlean\tbody\tmass\t(LBM).\tThese\tgoals\tcan\nbe\tachieved\tby\tensuring\tthe\tfollowing:\n•\t\nSmall\tfrequent\tmeals\tthat\tare\tnutritionally\tdense\n•\t\nThe\tpatient\teats\tthe\tmain\tmeal\twhen\tenergy\tlevel\tis\tat\tits\thighest\n•
[ 0.008026674389839172, 0.005309779662638903, 0.06814330816268921, 0.013711937703192234, -0.07806248962879181, 0.026854215189814568, 0.08917368203401566, 0.0382126048207283, -0.0653599426150322, 0.012944081798195839, 0.10350063443183899, 0.0035796761512756348, 0.0462387353181839, 0.046010673...
The\tpatient\teats\tthe\tmain\tmeal\twhen\tenergy\tlevel\tis\tat\tits\thighest\n•\t\nAdequate\tcalories,\tprotein,\tvitamins,\tand\tminerals\tto\tmaintain\ta\tdesirable\tweight—a\tBMI\tof\n20\tto\t24\tkg/m\n2\n•\t\nAvailability\tof\tfoods\tthat\trequire\tless\tpreparation\tand\tcan\tbe\theated\teasily\tin\ta\tmicrowave...
[ 0.02600850537419319, -0.04592209309339523, 0.03149277716875076, 0.01833917945623398, -0.10563994944095612, -0.011227644979953766, 0.0870090126991272, 0.06305037438869476, -0.04125702753663063, -0.004532128106802702, 0.12790295481681824, -0.0257060918956995, 0.06456027925014496, 0.025932377...
oven\tif\tpatients\tprepare\ttheir\town\tfood\n•\t\nLimitation\tof\talcohol\tto\tfewer\tthan\t2\tdrinks/day\t(30\tg\talcohol)\n•\t\nA\tperiod\tof\trest\tbefore\tmealtimes\nPeople\twith\tCOPD\tsuffer\ta\tpoor\tprognosis\twhen\n\tthey\thave\tmalnutrition\tthat\tpredisposes\tthem\tto\ninfections.\tThe\tability\tto\tproduc...
[ 0.037528228014707565, 0.011842254549264908, 0.04874708503484726, 0.04816044121980667, -0.06999987363815308, 0.0391022227704525, 0.0952812135219574, 0.04093161225318909, -0.05667395144701004, -0.0077214594930410385, 0.09898696839809418, -0.03689700365066528, 0.05765373259782791, 0.021029608...