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+\n\tloss\tis\tthrough\tthe\turine;\tthe\trest\tis\tlost\tin\tfeces\tand\tsweat.\nNormally\tthe\tquantity\tof\tNa\n+\n\texcreted\tdaily\tis\tequal\tto\tthe\tamount\tingested.\tNa\n+\n\texcretion\tis\nmaintained\tby\ta\tmechanism\tinvolving\tthe\tglomerular\tfiltration\trate,\tthe\tcells\tof\tthe\tjuxtaglomerular\nappar...
[ 0.013394883833825588, -0.07675796002149582, 0.03536054491996765, 0.029755478724837303, -0.1515628695487976, -0.005280568264424801, 0.023145247250795364, 0.04360123351216316, -0.00918422732502222, 0.027990737929940224, 0.08282168209552765, -0.0019473243737593293, 0.04362628236413002, 0.0317...
nervous\tsystem,\ncirculating\tcatecholamines,\tand\tblood\tpressure.\nNa\n+\n\tbalance\tis\tregulated\tin\tpart\tby\taldosterone,\ta\tmineralocorticoid\tsecreted\tby\tthe\tadrenal\ncortex.\tWhen\tblood\tNa\n+\n\tlevels\trise,\tthe\tthirst\treceptors\tin\tthe\thypothalamus\tstimulate\tthe\tthirst\nsensation.\tIngestion...
[ 0.028594274073839188, -0.06605648249387741, 0.05552659556269646, -0.004138160962611437, -0.11827608942985535, 0.008714285679161549, 0.06787756085395813, 0.015271516516804695, -0.046236805617809296, 0.06174234300851822, 0.08395162969827652, -0.048044148832559586, 0.01875125616788864, 0.0169...
sensation.\tIngestion\tof\tfluids\treturns\tNa\n+\n\tlevels\tto\tnormal.\tUnder\tcertain\tcircumstances\tNa\n+\n\tand\nfluid\tregulation\tcan\tbe\tdisrupted,\tresulting\n\tin\tabnormal\tblood\tNa\n+\n\tlevels.\tSIADH\tis\tcharacterized\tby\nconcentrated,\tlow-volume\turine\tand\tdilutional\thyponatremia\tas\twater\tis\...
[ 0.0021661969367414713, -0.08535296469926834, 0.083234503865242, -0.05527340620756149, -0.09378558397293091, 0.015528238378465176, 0.11344166845083237, 0.020312486216425896, 0.01777256280183792, 0.042576901614665985, 0.06503453105688095, -0.08780253678560257, 0.041248779743909836, 0.0367106...
from\tcentral\tnervous\tsystem\tdisorders,\tpulmonary\tdisorders,\ttumors,\tand\tcertain\tmedications.\nCommon\tdrug\tclasses/medications\tinclude\tantidepressants,\tanticonvulsants,\tantipsychotic\tagents,\ncytotoxic\tagents,\tand\tpain\tmedication\tare\tthe\tcommon\n\tmedications\t(\nShepshelovich\tet\tal,\t2017\n).
[ -0.019236214458942413, -0.022673388943076134, 0.012191862799227238, -0.025819316506385803, -0.04206109046936035, 0.050988588482141495, 0.10993438214063644, 0.11449901759624481, 0.03965240716934204, 0.014094367623329163, 0.06761462241411209, -0.005040498450398445, 0.010411319322884083, 0.06...
medications\t(\nShepshelovich\tet\tal,\t2017\n).\nEstrogen,\twhich\tis\tslightly\tsimilar\tto\taldosterone,\talso\tcauses\tNa\n+\n\tand\twater\tretention.\tChanges\tin\nwater\tand\tNa\n+\n\tbalance\tduring\tthe\tmenstrual\tcycle,\tduring\tpregnancy,\tand\twhile\ttaking\toral\ncontraceptives\tare\tattributable\tpartiall...
[ -0.044723253697156906, -0.02284161187708378, -0.005840866826474667, -0.006731153465807438, -0.038266655057668686, 0.01956973783671856, 0.06908918917179108, 0.0897735059261322, -0.011625952087342739, 0.04744703322649002, 0.07889552414417267, 0.02269834093749523, -0.003194441320374608, 0.041...
Dietary\treference\tintake\nThe\tdietary\treference\tintakes\t(DRIs)\tgive\tan\n\tupper\tlimit\tof\t2.3\tg\tof\tNa\n+\n\tper\tday\t(or\t5.8\tg\tsodium\nchloride\tper\tday).\tThe\tmean\tdaily\tsalt\tintake\tin\tthe\tUnited\tStates\tis\tapproximately\t6\tto\t12\tg/day\n(\nInstitute\tof\tMedicine\tof\tthe\tNational\tAcade...
[ -0.030944375321269035, -0.044502854347229004, 0.06121912598609924, 0.032310906797647476, -0.05330408364534378, -0.0036433106288313866, 0.09344347566366196, 0.0550837442278862, -0.050801727920770645, 0.004047054797410965, 0.088556669652462, -0.05926283821463585, -0.014159228652715683, -0.00...
),\twhich\texceeds\tthe\tadequate\tintake\t(AI)\tfor\nNa\n+\n\tof\t1.2\tto\t1.3\tg\tper\tday\tfor\tadult\tmales\tand\tfemales\t(see\t\nTable\t3.4\n).\nHealthy\tkidneys\tare\tusually\table\tto\texcrete\texcess\tNa\n+\n\tintake;\thowever,\n\tpersistent\texcessive\tNa\n+\nintake\thas\tbeen\timplicated\tin\tdevelopment\tof...
[ -0.02267271652817726, -0.0578417144715786, 0.038565799593925476, -0.025936290621757507, -0.09174110740423203, -0.0009652668959461153, 0.08920517563819885, 0.003200010396540165, -0.01500006765127182, 0.04777206853032112, 0.08357502520084381, -0.026978323236107826, 0.03560231253504753, 0.024...
excessive\tsalt\tintake\thas\tbeen\tassociated\twith\tincreased\turinary\tCa\n++\n\texcretion,\tkidney\tstones,\tand\nsome\tcases\tof\tosteoporosis.\tHigher\tNa\n+\n\tconsumption\thas\tbeen\tassociated\twith\thigher\tweight\tstatus,\nand\ta\tpositive\trelationship\thas\tbeen\tobserved\tbetween\tNa\n+\n\tintake\tand\tob...
[ -0.0020000969525426626, -0.02858881466090679, 0.07009989023208618, 0.014538122341036797, -0.06179623305797577, -0.006788237486034632, 0.10565200448036194, 0.01932365633547306, -0.05589215084910393, 0.031189264729619026, 0.06695671379566193, -0.04901998117566109, 0.028537455946207047, 0.006...
independent\tof\nenergy\tintake\t(\nSong\tet\tal,\t2013\n;\t\nYoon,\t2013\n;\t\nZhu\tet\tal,\t2014\n).\tIn\taddition,\ta\tpositive\tassociation\thas\nbeen\tidentified\tbetween\tNa\n+\n\tintake\tand\tincreased\tcirculation\tof\tleptin\t(secreted\tby\tfat\tcells\tand\ninfluences\tinflammatory\tresponse\tand\tNa\n+\n\texc...
[ -0.05237450823187828, -0.09822623431682587, 0.033883385360240936, -0.01790238544344902, -0.06345957517623901, 0.10675958544015884, 0.11453746259212494, 0.01327437162399292, 0.05776560679078102, 0.05541686713695526, 0.11795099079608917, -0.029288161545991898, -0.004725252278149128, 0.040444...
in\tinflammation)\t(\nZhu\tet\tal,\t2014\n).\nSources\nThe\tmajor\tsource\tof\tNa\n+\n\tis\tsodium\n\tchloride,\tor\tcommon\ttable\tsalt,\tof\twhich\tNa\n+\n\tconstitutes\t40%\tby\nweight.\tProtein\tfoods\tgenerally\tcontain\tmore\tnaturally\texisting\tNa\n+\n\tthan\tdo\tvegetables\tand\tgrains,
[ 0.003958479035645723, -0.05341438204050064, 0.013826919719576836, -0.03306679055094719, -0.0696663036942482, 0.03138106316328049, 0.11681056767702103, 0.01837383769452572, 0.012756219133734703, 0.051531292498111725, 0.08356555551290512, -0.049952421337366104, 0.044365037232637405, 0.059821...
+\n\tthan\tdo\tvegetables\tand\tgrains,\nwhereas\tfruits\tcontain\tlittle\tor\tnone.\tThe\taddition\tof\ttable\tsalt,\tflavored\tsalts,\tflavor\tenhancers,\tand\npreservatives\tduring\tfood\tprocessing\taccounts\tfor\tthe\thigh\tNa\n+\n\tcontent\tof\tmost\tconvenience\tand\nfast-food\tproducts.\nMagnesium
[ -0.01014635432511568, -0.036356255412101746, 0.031304001808166504, 0.012053758837282658, -0.03432647883892059, 0.02477916143834591, 0.1108618825674057, -0.03619611635804176, -0.03865530341863632, 0.061076819896698, 0.11458565294742584, -0.037834540009498596, 0.027635719627141953, -0.025778...
+\n\tcontent\tof\tmost\tconvenience\tand\nfast-food\tproducts.\nMagnesium\nMagnesium\tis\tthe\tsecond\tmost\tprevalent\tintracellular\tcation.\tApproximately\thalf\tof\tthe\tbody’s\nmagnesium\tis\tlocated\tin\tbone,\twhereas\tanother\t45%\tresides\tin\tsoft\ttissue;\tonly\t1%\tof\tthe\tbody’s\nmagnesium\tcontent\tis\ti...
[ -0.024696320295333862, -0.045364148914813995, 0.02527925744652748, -0.023911038413643837, -0.06622937321662903, -0.015402773395180702, 0.06655234843492508, -0.001471258234232664, -0.015351426787674427, 0.030846253037452698, 0.07553730905056, -0.07319582253694534, 0.034378014504909515, 0.01...
however,\tabout\t70%\tof\tserum\tmagnesium\tis\tfree\tor\tionized.\tThe\tremainder\tis\tbound\tto\tproteins\tand\nis\tnot\tactive.\nFunction\nMagnesium\t(Mg\n2+\n)\tis\tan\timportant\tcofactor\tin\tmany\tenzymatic\treactions\tin\tthe\tbody,\tbone\nmetabolism,\tcentral\tnervous\tsystem,\tand\tcardiovascular\tfunction.\t...
[ -0.023853782564401627, -0.09320481866598129, 0.01767619326710701, -0.029620936140418053, -0.0658663809299469, -0.013629076071083546, 0.09209351986646652, 0.08046237379312515, -0.003517736680805683, 0.07063350826501846, 0.10066915303468704, -0.01945522427558899, 0.024476446211338043, 0.0663...
regulated\tby\tMg\n2+\n\tare\tinvolved\tin\tnutrient\tmetabolism\tand\tnucleic\tacid\tsynthesis,\tleading\tto\tthe\nbody’s\tneed\tto\tcarefully\tregulate\tMg\n2+\n\tstatus.\nAs\twith\tCa\n++\n,\tsevere\thypo-\tor\thypermagnesemia\tcan\thave\tlife-threatening\n\tconsequences.\tPhysical\nsymptoms\tof\tMg\n2+\n\tabnormali...
[ -0.054908592253923416, -0.027484280988574028, 0.013058979995548725, -0.012340426445007324, -0.02698673866689205, 0.003912171348929405, 0.044216401875019073, 0.09275985509157181, -0.04138565436005592, 0.0371275432407856, 0.08017251640558243, 0.005877607502043247, 0.03450905159115791, 0.0239...
and\tthe\tchallenges\twith\tserum\tmeasurements\tdiscussed\tearlier\tmake\tassessment\tof\tMg\n2+\n\tstatus\ndifficult.\tSymptoms\tof\thypomagnesemia\tinclude\tmuscle\tweakness,\ttetany,\tataxia,\tnystagmus,\tand,\tin\nsevere\tcases,\tventricular\tarrhythmia.\tFrequent\tcauses\tof\thypomagnesemia\tinclude\texcessive\n\...
[ 0.005198246333748102, -0.031155671924352646, 0.03309689834713936, 0.0013268985785543919, -0.0649159774184227, -0.005310553591698408, 0.049009058624506, 0.03331475332379341, -0.0269063301384449, 0.020063580945134163, 0.07708025723695755, -0.01371012907475233, 0.08710832893848419, 0.00762779...
stool\nlosses\t(as\tseen\tin\tshort\tbowel\tsyndrome\tor\tmalabsorption),\tinadequate\tMg\n2+\n\tin\tthe\tdiet\t(oral,\nenteral,\tor\tparenteral\tnutrition),\tintracellular\tshifts\tduring\trefeeding\tsyndrome\t(\nBox\t3.1\n;\tsee\t\nChapter\n12\n),\tacute\tpancreatitis,\tburns,\talcoholism,\tdiabetic\tketoacidosis,\ta...
[ 0.017240682616829872, -0.10203343629837036, 0.0320991687476635, 0.018912553787231445, -0.13072316348552704, -0.036849603056907654, 0.04559708386659622, 0.08082547783851624, -0.03695904091000557, 0.0491834320127964, 0.05629495531320572, 0.03417638689279556, 0.04077177122235298, 0.0733706057...
Mg\n2+\n\tlosses\tvia\tthe\turine.\tLong-term\tuse\tof\tproton\tpump\tinhibitors\talso\tmay\tbe\ta\trare\tcause\t(\nToh\tet\nal,\t2015\n).\nBOX\t3.1
[ -0.016917094588279724, -0.052940722554922104, 0.04182340204715729, 0.005590575281530619, -0.05438007414340973, 0.003991649951785803, 0.12192360311746597, -0.002513076411560178, -0.03201282024383545, 0.0529785118997097, 0.10126812756061554, -0.08264479041099548, 0.03615104779601097, -0.0257...
Refeeding\tSyndrome\nRefeeding\tsyndrome\tis\ta\tmetabolic\tresponse\tthat\tcan\tbe\tseen\tupon\treintroduction\tof\tnutrients\tto\nthe\tbody\tin\tpatients\tthat\thave\tbeen\twithout\tadequate\tnutrition.\tRefeeding\tsyndrome\tcan\timpact\npatients\twith\tmalnutrition\tor\tthose\tpreviously\twell\tnourished\twith\tmeta...
[ 0.021044492721557617, -0.03925298526883125, 0.04889136180281639, 0.0038248258642852306, -0.09415671974420547, 0.012763218022882938, 0.0675647184252739, 0.025283344089984894, -0.03998801112174988, 0.020099462941288948, 0.11603966355323792, -0.00174081907607615, 0.027816573157906532, 0.01849...
presence\tof\tsignificant\tillness.\nDuring\tstarvation,\tthe\tbody’s\tmetabolism\tshifts\n\tfrom\tusing\tglucose\tto\tusing\tfat\tas\tthe\tmain\tfuel\nsource.\tWhen\tnutrients\tare\tprovided\tto\tthe\tbody,\tthere\tis\ta\tmetabolic\tshift.\tAn\tincrease\tof\tinsulin\nleads\tto\tthis\tintracellular\tshift,\tand\tthus\t...
[ 0.02145400084555149, -0.10002192109823227, 0.05258546397089958, 0.023982198908925056, -0.04477837309241295, 0.027943501248955727, 0.0966227650642395, 0.022133054211735725, 0.0219121016561985, 0.034289728850126266, 0.15106916427612305, -0.06433872878551483, 0.01898110844194889, 0.0403935126...
levels\tof\tphosphorus,\tmagnesium,\tand\tpotassium\tcan\tbe\tseen,\tand\tthere\tare\tsignificant\trisks\tof\ncardiac\tarrhythmia,\tneurological\tconsequences\t(seizures,\n\tdelirium,\tneuropathy),\tand\trespiratory\nfailure.\tFluid\tretention\tand\tthiamin\tdeficiency\tcan\talso\toccur.\nPrevention\tof\tRefeeding\tSyn...
[ 0.02538008987903595, -0.05709046870470047, 0.048824504017829895, -0.00994844175875187, -0.0701245367527008, -0.02364046685397625, 0.07445363700389862, 0.07018105685710907, -0.04130445048213005, -0.00216793199069798, 0.0746544748544693, -0.06285832077264786, 0.03553012013435364, 0.044293504...
1.\t\nPatient\tscreening\tfor\trisk\tof\trefeeding\tsyndrome\n2.\t\nSlow\treintroduction\tand\tadvancement\tof\tcalories\tprovided\tfrom\tenteral\tor\tparenteral\nnutrition\tto\tpatients\n3.\t\nClinical\tmonitoring\t(for\tcardiac,\tneuro,\trespiratory,\tfluid\tstatus,\tetc.)\n4.\t\nLaboratory\n\tmonitoring\tof\tserum\t...
[ 0.019243044778704643, -0.03297257795929909, 0.040852468460798264, -0.02395254746079445, -0.08327766507863998, -0.005275339353829622, 0.08827823400497437, 0.06877979636192322, -0.045114126056432724, 0.032348766922950745, 0.09767405688762665, -0.03336511552333832, 0.04712245985865593, 0.0592...
monitoring\tof\tserum\telectrolytes\tand\ttreatment\tof\tabnormalities\nFrom\tCanada\tT,\tTajchman\tSK,\tTucker\tAM,\tet\tal,\teditors:\tA\nSPEN\tFluids,\telectrolytes\tand\tacid\tbase\ndisorders\thandbook\n,\tSilver\tSpring,\tMD,\t2015,\tASPEN,\tpp\t1–397;\tSkipper\tA:\tRefeeding\tsyndrome\tor\nrefeeding\thypophosphat...
[ -0.04725407436490059, -0.0891348272562027, 0.0219942145049572, -0.02335015870630741, -0.04181990027427673, -0.08314874023199081, 0.12905623018741608, 0.10155151039361954, 0.0017684348858892918, 0.028142131865024567, 0.06601178646087646, 0.010719104669988155, 0.04812605306506157, 0.04992534...
Nutr\tClin\tPract\n\t27:34–40,\t2012;\tRhoda\tKM,\nPorter\tMJ,\tQuintini\tC:\tFluid\tand\telectrolyte\n\tmanagement:\tputting\ta\tplan\tin\tmotion,\t\nJPEN\tJ\tParenter\nEnteral\tNutr\n\t35:\t675–685,\t2011;\tKraft\tMD,\tBtaiche\tIF,\tSacks\tGS:\tReview\tof\tthe\trefeeding\tsyndrome,\t\nNutr\nClin\tPract\n\t20:625–633,...
[ -0.0313006229698658, -0.04107308015227318, 0.03047352284193039, -0.049231547862291336, -0.1177966520190239, -0.055153582245111465, 0.06545256078243256, 0.08665832132101059, -0.007632033433765173, 0.004088499583303928, 0.06297623366117477, -0.00004822523987968452, 0.013799238950014114, 0.02...
Nutr\nClin\tPract\n\t20:625–633,\t2005.\nOften\thypomagnesemia\tis\ttreated\twith\toral\tsupplementation\tif\tno\tphysical\tsymptoms\tare\tnoted.\nHowever,\tdietitians\tshould\tmonitor\tcautiously\tfor\tdiarrhea\twith\toral\tMg\n2+\n\tsupplements\tif\tthey\tare\nnot\tgiven\tin\n\tdivided\tdoses\t(such\tas\tmagnesium\to...
[ -0.06639766693115234, -0.02860431931912899, 0.024372752755880356, -0.007232992444187403, -0.05839439481496811, 0.00785350613296032, 0.055080872029066086, 0.03801592439413071, -0.02025109902024269, 0.04499807208776474, 0.0718531683087349, -0.0043528261594474316, 0.06622935086488724, -0.0290...
2+\n\tlosses\tthrough\nthe\tstool.\tIncreased\tlosses\tthrough\tthe\tstool\tis\tavoided\twith\tsupplementation\tfrom\tsalts\tsuch\tas\nmagnesium\tgluconate,\tmagnesium\tcitrate,\tor\tmagnesium\tlactate.\tIntravenous\trepletion\twith\tMg\n2+\n\tis\nrequired\twith\tsymptomatic\tsigns\tof\tdeficiency\tor\tif\tserum\tlevel...
[ -0.0036408458836376667, -0.07442881911993027, 0.014051824808120728, -0.007874783128499985, -0.11304857581853867, 0.017907319590449333, 0.06693729758262634, 0.04418043792247772, -0.023097407072782516, 0.053908150643110275, 0.0905967652797699, -0.012222416698932648, 0.05593528226017952, 0.00...
Hypermagnesemia,\ta\tserum\tvalue\n\tgreater\tthan\t2.5\tmg/dL,\tcan\tbe\tdue\tto\texcess\tsupplementation\nor\tMg\n2+\n-containing\tmedications,\tsevere\tacidosis,\tor\tdehydration.\tTreatment\toptions\tinclude\tomission\nof\tMg\n2+\n-containing\tmedications\tand\tcorrection\tof\tthe\tfluid\timbalance.\nAbsorption/exc...
[ -0.05873153358697891, -0.04963628202676773, -0.014151426963508129, -0.01464841328561306, -0.00281947897747159, -0.07886535674333572, 0.09231791645288467, 0.09101023524999619, -0.03634215146303177, 0.008208061568439007, 0.06690620630979538, -0.02262725867331028, 0.06037646159529686, 0.00043...
Absorption/excretion\nApproximately\t30%\tto\t50%\tof\tMg\n2+\n\tingested\tfrom\tthe\tdiet\tis\tabsorbed\t(within\tthe\tjejunum\tand\tileum\nthough\tpassive\tand\tactive\ttransport\tmechanisms).\n\tMg\n2+\n\tis\tregulated\tby\tthe\tintestine,\tkidney,\tand\nbone.\tMg\n2+\n\tabsorption\tis\tregulated\tto\tmaintain\tseru...
[ 0.020338138565421104, -0.12414878606796265, 0.01672239601612091, -0.03425966203212738, -0.06277221441268921, -0.060907747596502304, 0.13385412096977234, 0.04706243425607681, -0.03749777749180794, 0.06132246553897858, 0.07458247244358063, -0.018427712842822075, 0.03989453613758087, 0.049464...
levels\tincrease,\tless\tis\tabsorbed.\tThe\tkidney\tis\tthe\tmajor\tregulator\tof\tMg\n2+\n\texcretion,\tbut\tsome\nMg\n2+\n\tis\talso\tlost\tvia\tthe\tstool.\tAs\tmagnesium\tis\ta\tcofactor\tfor\tthe\tNa-K\tATPase\tpump,\tlow\nmagnesium\tlevels\tshould\tbe\tevaluated\tand\tcorrected\tespecially\n\twhen\thypokalemia\t...
[ 0.012616750784218311, -0.08662556111812592, 0.017062125727534294, -0.029190311208367348, -0.10614121705293655, 0.002116575138643384, 0.045072682201862335, 0.05044366046786308, -0.03327189385890961, 0.061061061918735504, 0.09114812314510345, -0.07973811775445938, 0.020282911136746407, 0.067...
when\thypokalemia\tis\trefractory\tto\nrepletion\t(unable\tto\tregain\ta\tnormal\tlevel\tdespite\tdelivery\tof\tappropriate\trepletion\tdoses).\tThe\nkidneys\tincrease\tpotassium\texcretion\tin\tresponse\tto\thypomagnesemia.\nSources\nMg\n2+\n\tis\tfound\tin\ta\tvariety\tof\tfoods,\tmaking\tan\tisolated\tMg\n2+\n\tdefi...
[ 0.00449066748842597, -0.040362000465393066, 0.030230054631829262, -0.0032546301372349262, -0.0441892184317112, 0.04824884980916977, 0.0680295005440712, 0.04974622279405594, -0.04108851030468941, 0.03642291948199272, 0.10370093584060669, -0.04010205715894699, 0.05896788090467453, 0.00290574...
2+\n\tdeficiency\tunlikely\tin\totherwise\thealthy\nindividuals.\tHighly\tprocessed\tfoods\ttend\tto\thave\tlower\tMg\n2+\n\tcontent,\twhereas\tgreen\n\tleafy\nvegetables,\tnuts,\tseeds,\tlegumes,\tand\twhole\tgrains\tare\tgood\tsources\t(see\t\nAppendix\t43\n).\nDietary\treference\tintakes\nThe\trecommended\tintake\to...
[ -0.00719213392585516, -0.06153377890586853, 0.05553452670574188, -0.010473428294062614, -0.10901112854480743, -0.01209630724042654, 0.09596699476242065, 0.033347297459840775, -0.04188394546508789, 0.05183509737253189, 0.07858441025018692, -0.03891891986131668, 0.04839335009455681, 0.000405...
2+\n\tin\tadults\tranges\tfrom\t310\tto\t420\tmg/day,\tdepending\ton\tage\tand\ngender\t(see\tinside\tcover).\nPhosphorus\nPhosphorus\tis\tthe\tprimary\tintracellular\tanion,\tand\tits\trole\tin\tadenosine\ttriphosphate\t(ATP)\tis\tvital\tin\nenergy\tmetabolism.\tIn\taddition,\tphosphorus\n\tis\timportant\tin\tbone\tme...
[ -0.030657237395644188, -0.0539216585457325, 0.04907424375414848, -0.058293141424655914, -0.11160890758037567, -0.028545372188091278, 0.11833127588033676, 0.083504319190979, -0.017637701705098152, 0.055665090680122375, 0.09635187685489655, -0.056401971727609634, 0.0016613621264696121, 0.043...
is\timportant\tin\tbone\tmetabolism.\tAbout\t80%\tof\tthe\nbody’s\tphosphorus\tis\tfound\tin\tbones.\tNormal\tlevels\tfor\tserum\tphosphorus\tare\tbetween\t2.4\tand\t4.6\nmg/dL\t(refer\tto\tthe\treference\tranges\tfor\teach\treporting\tlaboratory).\nFunctions\nLarge\tamounts\tof\tfree\tenergy\tare\treleased\twhen\tthe\...
[ 0.011728968471288681, -0.05133654549717903, 0.04448146000504494, -0.06747826933860779, -0.07151256501674652, 0.009643904864788055, 0.1186349168419838, 0.06920040398836136, 0.004611710552126169, 0.06044138967990875, 0.09672058373689651, -0.023847058415412903, 0.04964080825448036, 0.04795018...
this\trole,\tphosphorus\tis\tvital\tfor\tcellular\tfunction\tin\tphosphorylation\n\tand\tdephosphorylation\nreactions,\tas\ta\tbuffer\tin\tacid–base\tbalance,\tand\tin\tcellular\tstructure\tas\tpart\tof\tthe\tphospholipid\nmembrane.\tBecause\tof\tthe\tvital\trole\tthat\tphosphorus\tplays\tin\tenergy\tproduction,\tsever...
[ 0.01456051878631115, -0.11518871039152145, 0.008136224001646042, -0.06733162701129913, -0.0771789476275444, 0.005565357394516468, 0.11498618125915527, 0.05889344587922096, 0.007360813207924366, 0.05057661980390549, 0.0926305502653122, -0.02721313014626503, 0.008810863830149174, 0.073284246...
hypophosphatemia\tcan\tbe\ta\tlife-threatening\tevent.\tThis\tis\tseen\tmost\toften\tclinically\tin\trefeeding\nsyndrome\tand\toccurs\twith\tthe\tincreased\tuse\tof\tphosphorus\tfor\tthe\tphosphorylation\tof\tglucose\n(\nSkipper,\t2012\n;\t\nRhoda\tet\tal,\t2011\n;\t\nKraft\tet\tal,\t2005\n).\tIn\taddition\tto\tintrace...
[ -0.03942561149597168, -0.04233785346150398, 0.039194490760564804, -0.05845504626631737, -0.06088301166892052, -0.0011992695508524776, 0.10935048758983612, 0.05752573534846306, -0.009832724928855896, 0.10076390951871872, 0.08485730737447739, -0.014831139706075191, 0.06106676533818245, 0.046...
;\t\nKraft\tet\tal,\t2005\n).\tIn\taddition\tto\tintracellular\tshifts,\nhypophosphatemia\tcan\tbe\tmedication\trelated\t(insulin,\tepinephrine,\tdopamine,\terythropoietin,\nphosphorus-binding\tmedications).\tSevere\tand\tsymptomatic\thypophosphatemia\t(<1\tmg/dL)\tcan\tbe\ncritical\tand\tincludes\timpaired\tcardiac\tf...
[ -0.03337656706571579, -0.0850638747215271, 0.024708930402994156, -0.04828707501292229, -0.08054056018590927, -0.00649472139775753, 0.11609552800655365, 0.07500219345092773, -0.007452461402863264, 0.09411342442035675, 0.05472024902701378, -0.008765313774347305, 0.05049741640686989, 0.064677...
weakened\trespiratory\n\tstate,\tconfusion,\treduced\toxygen\tdelivery\tto\ttissues,\tcoma,\tand\teven\tdeath.\nAbsorption\tand\texcretion\nPhosphorus\tabsorption\tis\tdependent\ton\tserum\tlevels\tand\tvitamin\tD\tstatus.\tAround\t80%\tof\nphosphorus\tintake\tis\tabsorbed\tin\tthe\tsmall\tbowel\twhen\thypophosphatemia...
[ -0.010610873810946941, -0.03345534950494766, 0.07615507394075394, -0.036298979073762894, -0.03985075280070305, 0.00900945346802473, 0.10495936125516891, 0.07219460606575012, -0.05244021117687225, 0.06265737116336823, 0.08972013741731644, -0.03503110632300377, 0.054807353764772415, 0.038017...
the\tmajor\tsite\tof\tphosphorus\texcretion\tand\tregulates\tphosphorus\tabsorption\tbased\ton\tPTH\tand\tacid–\nbase\tstatus.\n\tPhosphorus\tabsorption\tdecreases\twhen\tvitamin\tD\tdeficiency\toccurs\tor\twith\tcertain\nmedications\tthat\tbind\tphosphorus\t(e.g.,\tantacids\tor\tphosphate\tbinders\tused\tin\tpatients\...
[ 0.013939980417490005, -0.06550654023885727, 0.013980834744870663, -0.0732826218008995, -0.10743790864944458, -0.02682519145309925, 0.12172933667898178, 0.0350702740252018, 0.004983007442206144, 0.05834238603711128, 0.12392507493495941, 0.008833014406263828, 0.0455799326300621, 0.0482549108...
kidney\tdisease).\nSources\nPhosphorus\tis\tfound\tmainly\tin\tanimal\tproducts,\tincluding\tmeats\tand\tmilk;\tdried\tbeans,\tsoda,\nprocessed\tfoods,\tbaked\tgoods,\tand\tseafood\tor\tmeats\tsoaked\tin\tphosphate\tsolutions\tare\tcommon\ndietary\n\tsources\tin\tthe\tAmerican\tdiet.\nDietary\treference\tintakes
[ 0.008564719930291176, -0.07313544303178787, 0.08931175619363785, -0.031654808670282364, -0.08352010697126389, -0.017945552244782448, 0.13294702768325806, -0.01630432717502117, -0.020118102431297302, 0.07432152330875397, 0.10885956138372421, -0.08505745232105255, 0.005022638477385044, -0.01...
dietary\n\tsources\tin\tthe\tAmerican\tdiet.\nDietary\treference\tintakes\nThe\trecommended\tintake\tof\tphosphorus\tis\tapproximately\t700\tmg/day,\tdepending\ton\tage\tand\tgender,\nwith\tan\tupper\tlimit\tof\t3500\tto\t4000\tmg\t(see\tinside\tcover).\nPotassium\nWith\tapproximately\t98%\tof\tpotassium\t(K\n+\n)\tin\...
[ -0.03860896825790405, -0.06486143916845322, 0.08277348428964615, 0.016929561272263527, -0.06907684355974197, -0.00801821332424879, 0.1257983297109604, 0.008652342483401299, -0.07045997679233551, 0.04318748041987419, 0.10544666647911072, -0.08549711853265762, -0.0013113641180098057, 0.00005...
+\n)\tin\tthe\tintracellular\tspace,\tK\n+\n\tis\tthe\tmajor\tcation\tof\tICF.\nThe\tnormal\tserum\tK\n+\n\tconcentration\tis\ttypically\t3.5\tto\t5\tmEq/L\t(refer\n\tto\tthe\treference\tranges\tfor\neach\treporting\tlaboratory).\nFunctions\nWith\tNa\n+\n,\tK\n+\n\tis\tinvolved\tin\tmaintaining\ta\tnormal\twater\tbalan...
[ -0.05091181397438049, -0.07526296377182007, 0.0043650842271745205, -0.042831722646951675, -0.04983959347009659, 0.01089536678045988, 0.07008259743452072, 0.02965259552001953, 0.03153722360730171, 0.07206785678863525, 0.09417442232370377, -0.07469985634088516, 0.016167033463716507, 0.062050...
balance.\tIn\taddition\tto\tCa\n++\n,\tK\n+\n\tis\timportant\tin\tthe\tregulation\tof\tneuromuscular\tactivity.\nConcentrations\tof\tNa\n+\n\tand\tK\n+\n\tdetermine\tmembrane\tpotentials\tin\tnerves\tand\tmuscle.\tK\n+\n\talso\npromotes\tcellular\tgrowth.\tThe\tK\n+\n\tcontent\tof\tmuscle\n\tis\trelated\tto\tmuscle\tma...
[ -0.014091487042605877, -0.08462800085544586, 0.004643912427127361, -0.018158599734306335, -0.10669784247875214, 0.022693848237395287, 0.10003673285245895, 0.06818308681249619, -0.017679773271083832, 0.04859720543026924, 0.06454034149646759, -0.06711771339178085, -0.007113413419574499, 0.05...
+\n\tcontent\tof\tmuscle\n\tis\trelated\tto\tmuscle\tmass\tand\tglycogen\tstorage;\ntherefore\tif\tmuscle\tis\tbeing\tformed,\tan\tadequate\tsupply\tof\tK\n+\n\tis\tessential.\tK\n+\n\thas\tan\tintegral\trole\tin\nthe\tNa/K-ATPase\tpump.\nHypokalemia\tand\thyperkalemia\tcan\thave\tdevastating\tcardiac\timplications.\tW...
[ -0.013999031856656075, -0.04089291766285896, 0.04354315251111984, -0.011251683346927166, -0.11098235100507736, 0.026626937091350555, 0.07600605487823486, 0.04089048132300377, -0.0072333188727498055, 0.07064469903707504, 0.08693606406450272, -0.030907651409506798, 0.006068219896405935, 0.04...
less\tthan\t3\tmEq/L,\tsymptoms\tare\tmore\tapparent\tand\tcritical.\tSymptoms\tof\thypokalemia\tinclude\nmuscle\tweakness,\tcramping\tin\tthe\textremities,\n\tvomiting,\tand\tweakness.\tClinically,\thypokalemia\noccurs\twith\tlarge\tvolume\tlosses\tof\tgastrointestinal\tfluids\tthat\tcontain\tK\n+\n,\tinsulin\tdeliver...
[ 0.030441613867878914, -0.017138566821813583, 0.0629291832447052, 0.0023820071946829557, -0.05835922807455063, -0.013937195762991905, 0.06257472932338715, 0.06599683314561844, -0.017202194780111313, 0.016985228285193443, 0.03499051555991173, -0.0032944537233561277, 0.03920011594891548, 0.00...
+\n,\tinsulin\tdelivery,\texcessive\nlosses\tthrough\tthe\turine\tcaused\tby\tcertain\tmedications\t(diuretics),\tand\tdiabetic\tketoacidosis.\nGuidelines\texist\tfor\tthe\ttreatment\tof\thypokalemia\t(oral\tor\tintravenous\tmedications)\tand\tare\tadjusted\nin\trenal\timpairment\tbecause\tK\n+\n\tis\texcreted\tby\tthe...
[ 0.009581225924193859, -0.0017236764542758465, 0.06477242708206177, -0.01359078474342823, -0.11313775926828384, 0.02857031673192978, 0.10367526859045029, 0.03154267370700836, 0.02326592244207859, 0.04689577594399452, 0.04422232136130333, -0.013111413456499577, 0.01664767600595951, 0.0162715...
in\trenal\timpairment\tbecause\tK\n+\n\tis\texcreted\tby\tthe\n\tkidneys.\nHyperkalemia\tcan\tbe\tcritical,\tespecially\twhen\tlevels\texceed\t6.5\tmEq/L\tand\tare\taccompanied\tby\nsymptoms\tof\tmuscle\tweakness,\tparalysis,\trespiratory\tfailure,\tand\tarrhythmias/ECG\tchanges.\tCauses
[ 0.04673156514763832, -0.033783379942178726, 0.028279874473810196, 0.014968594536185265, -0.07795335352420807, -0.016048768535256386, 0.06808818876743317, 0.03860696032643318, 0.027050955221056938, -0.025534221902489662, 0.09134446829557419, -0.0425095297396183, 0.04852499067783356, 0.02045...
of\thyperkalemia\tin\ta\tclinical\tsetting\tinclude\themolysis\tcausing\tfalsely\televated\tlaboratory\tresults,\nkidney\tdisease\timpairing\tK\n+\n\texcretion,\tmedications\tsuch\tas\tK\n+\n-sparing\tdiuretics,\tgastrointestinal\nhemorrhage,\trhabdomyolysis,\tcatabolism,\tmetabolic\tacidosis,\tor\toverzealous\tK\n+\n\...
[ 0.010544550605118275, -0.03181115537881851, 0.03875454142689705, 0.0055369301699101925, -0.06728039681911469, -0.0016021282644942403, 0.07514767348766327, 0.05063104256987572, 0.004675659816712141, 0.06409990787506104, 0.06276166439056396, -0.01703752391040325, 0.052812762558460236, 0.0329...
+\n\tsupplementation.\nAbsorption\tand\texcretion\nK\n+\n\tis\tabsorbed\treadily\tfrom\tthe\tsmall\tintestine.\tApproximately\t80%\tto\t90%\tof\tingested\tK\n+\n\tis\nexcreted\tin\tthe\turine;\tthe\tremainder\tis\tlost\tin\tthe\tfeces.\tThe\tkidneys\tmaintain\tnormal\tserum\tlevels\nthrough\ttheir\tability\tto\tfilter,...
[ -0.016238568350672722, -0.05387706309556961, 0.045263707637786865, -0.03856293857097626, -0.10014627873897552, 0.0021525926422327757, 0.1436987966299057, 0.0015297183999791741, -0.03577978163957596, 0.03688137233257294, 0.07776516675949097, -0.044299397617578506, 0.08461785316467285, 0.003...
+\n\tunder\tthe\tinfluence\tof\n\taldosterone.\tIn\tthe\nsetting\tof\thypokalemia,\taldosterone\tsecretions\tare\tlower,\tand\tthe\tkidneys\tshift\tto\treabsorb\tK\n+\n\tand\nexcrete\tNa\n+\n.\nSources\nK\n+\n-rich\tfood\tsources\tinclude\tfruits,\tvegetables,\tlegumes,\tfresh\tmeat,\tand\tdairy\tproducts.\tSalt\nsubst...
[ -0.01275126077234745, -0.02562975510954857, 0.03435824066400528, -0.006283577531576157, -0.05940650403499603, 0.0498117059469223, 0.12036725878715515, 0.0003054742992389947, -0.023583227768540382, 0.03889867663383484, 0.08000755310058594, -0.014701757580041885, 0.027944354340434074, -0.061...
substitutes\tcommonly\tcontain\tK\n+\n.\t\nBox\t3.2\n\tcategorizes\tselect\tfoods\taccording\tto\ttheir\tK\n+\n\tcontent.\nWhen\tevaluating\tK\n+\n\tsources\tand\tlosses,\tclinicians\tmust\tconsider\n\tother\tnonfood\tsources\tof\tK\n+\n,\tsuch\nas\tintravenous\tfluids\twith\tadded\tK\n+\n,\tcertain\tmedications\tconta...
[ -0.0402819886803627, -0.06597335636615753, 0.00912296399474144, -0.01607038639485836, -0.07820750772953033, -0.012987637892365456, 0.07518091797828674, 0.038030121475458145, 0.00008301581692649052, 0.0035915938206017017, 0.06561829149723053, -0.07860058546066284, 0.034618478268384933, 0.01...
+\n,\tand\tmedications\tthat\tmay\ncause\tthe\tbody\tto\texcrete\tK\n+\n.\nBOX\t3.2\nClassification\tof\tSelect\tFoods\tby\tPotassium\tContent
[ 0.0276607908308506, -0.030598746612668037, -0.0012977822916582227, 0.006130758672952652, -0.02554713748395443, 0.049618449062108994, 0.13369430601596832, -0.03868604823946953, -0.02635158598423004, 0.017225615680217743, 0.0925031527876854, -0.08373412489891052, 0.02904423698782921, -0.0515...
Low\t(0-100\nmg/serving)\n*\nMedium\t(100-200\nmg/serving)\n*\nHigh\t(200-300\nmg/serving)\n*\nVery\tHigh\t(>300\tmg/serving)\n*\nFruits\nApplesauce\nBlueberries\nCranberries\nLemon,\t½\nmedium\nLime,\t½\nmedium\nPears,\tcanned\nPear\tnectar\nPeach\tnectar\nVegetables\nCabbage,\traw\nCucumber\nslices\nGreen\tbeans,\nfr...
[ -0.00399393867701292, -0.008906704373657703, 0.015430926345288754, 0.024572458118200302, -0.10731201618909836, -0.022995425388216972, 0.035892874002456665, 0.07317502796649933, -0.06907745450735092, 0.030924970284104347, 0.09028163552284241, -0.08042550086975098, 0.05298318713903427, -0.01...
frozen\nLeeks\nLettuce,\niceberg,\t1\tcup\nWater\nchestnuts,\ncanned\nBamboo\nshoots\tcanned\nFruits\nApple,\t1\tsmall\nApple\tjuice\nApricot\tnectar\nBlackberries\nCherries,\t12\tsmall\nFruit\tcocktail\nGrape\tjuice\nGrapefruit,\t½\nsmall\nGrapes,\t12\tsmall\nMandarin\toranges\nPeaches,\tcanned\nPineapple,\tcanned\nPl...
[ -0.03432568162679672, -0.0647200345993042, -0.001476973295211792, 0.03378630429506302, -0.06526912748813629, 0.03539830446243286, 0.04561368748545647, -0.01657663658261299, -0.042999107390642166, 0.017425566911697388, 0.13433289527893066, -0.013458069413900375, 0.08037271350622177, -0.0346...
Plum,\t1\tsmall\nRaspberries\nRhubarb\nStrawberries\nTangerine,\t1\tsmall\nWatermelon,\t1\tcup\nVegetables\nAsparagus,\tfrozen\nBeets,\tcanned\nBroccoli,\tfrozen\nCabbage,\tcooked\nCarrots\nCauliflower,\tfrozen\nCelery,\t1\tstalk\nCorn,\tfrozen\nEggplant\nGreen\tbeans,\nfresh,\traw\nMushrooms,\tfresh,\nraw\nOnions\nPea...
[ -0.02579094097018242, -0.08848007768392563, 0.03541700169444084, 0.036318589001894, -0.1000070571899414, 0.011333099566400051, 0.036738816648721695, -0.05422544106841087, -0.009591227397322655, 0.016222069039940834, 0.1258842498064041, -0.03693495690822601, 0.02881002426147461, 0.005312920...
Peas\nRadishes\nTurnips\nZucchini,\tsummer\nsquash\nFruits\nApricots,\tcanned\nGrapefruit\tjuice\nKiwi,\t½\tmedium\nNectarine,\t1\tsmall\nOrange,\t1\tsmall\nOrange\tjuice\nPeach,\tfresh,\t1\nmedium\nPear,\tfresh,\t1\tmedium\nVegetables\nAsparagus,\tfresh,\ncooked,\t4\tspears\nBeets,\tfresh,\tcooked\nBrussels\tsprouts\n...
[ -0.002673533745110035, -0.061178531497716904, 0.014047865755856037, -0.021205028519034386, -0.05923875421285629, 0.02542787417769432, 0.05477262660861015, 0.002559277229011059, -0.006003849674016237, 0.026367126032710075, 0.11932408809661865, -0.02832033671438694, 0.08340039104223251, -0.0...
Kohlrabi\nMushrooms,\tcooked\nOkra\nParsnips\nPotatoes,\tboiled\tor\nmashed\nPumpkin\nRutabagas\nMiscellaneous\nGranola\nNuts\tand\tseeds,\t1\toz\nPeanut\tbutter,\t2\ttbsp\nChocolate,\t1.5-oz\tbar\nFruits\nAvocados,\t¼\tsmall\nBanana,\t1\tsmall\nCantaloupe,\t¼\tsmall\nDried\tfruit,\t¼\tcup\nHoneydew\tmelon,\t⅛\tsmall\n...
[ -0.054252590984106064, -0.02641879953444004, 0.004249999765306711, 0.07478105276823044, -0.017135798931121826, 0.004991496913135052, 0.07720831036567688, 0.023039067164063454, -0.05384243279695511, -0.02743431180715561, 0.07402096688747406, -0.024767836555838585, 0.043950412422418594, 0.00...
Mango,\t1\tmedium\nPapaya,\t½\tmedium\nPrune\tjuice\nVegetables\nArtichoke,\t1\tmedium\nBamboo\tshoots,\tfresh\nBeet\tgreens,\t¼\tcup\nCorn\ton\tthe\tcob,\t1\tear\nChinese\tcabbage,\tcooked\nDried\tbeans\nPotatoes,\tbaked,\n\t½\tmedium\nPotatoes,\tFrench\tfries,\t1\toz\nSpinach\nSweet\tpotatoes,\tyams\nSwiss\tchard,\t¼...
[ -0.055812690407037735, -0.05040796473622322, 0.019688917323946953, -0.0034905888605862856, -0.10138611495494843, -0.0285032968968153, 0.04881461337208748, 0.005542028695344925, -0.02621483989059925, 0.01404789462685585, 0.1076965406537056, -0.035354454070329666, 0.05894008278846741, -0.047...
Tomato,\tfresh,\tsauce,\tor\tjuice;\ntomato\tpaste,\t2\ttbsp\nWinter\tsquash\nMiscellaneous\nBouillon,\tlow\tsodium,\t1\tcup\nCappuccino,\t1\tcup\nChili,\t4\toz\nCoconut,\t1\tcup\nLasagna,\t8\toz\nMilk,\tchocolate\tmilk,\t1\tcup\nMilkshakes,\t1\tcup\nMolasses,\t1\ttbsp\nPizza,\t2\tslices\nSalt\tsubstitutes,\t¼\ttsp\nSo...
[ -0.0835709273815155, -0.0668715238571167, -0.00849232543259859, -0.00800385419279337, -0.09257370233535767, -0.014205972664058208, 0.049770236015319824, 0.014072554185986519, -0.05253039300441742, -0.03940178453922272, 0.08838269859552383, 0.009831543080508709, 0.056667882949113846, 0.0029...
Soy\tmilk,\t1\tcup\nSpaghetti,\t1\tcup\nYogurt,\n\t6\toz\n*One\tserving\tequals\t½\tcup\tunless\totherwise\tspecified\nDietary\treference\tintakes\nThe\tadequate\tintake\tlevel\tfor\tK\n+\n\tfor\tadults\tis\t4700\tmg/day.\tNo\tupper\tlimit\thas\tbeen\tset.\tK\n+\n\tintake\tis\ninadequate\tin\ta\tlarge\tnumber\tof\tAmer...
[ -0.09720258414745331, -0.06901554018259048, 0.0539291687309742, -0.05584220215678215, -0.0418495237827301, 0.009915790520608425, 0.05447272211313248, -0.005523575935512781, -0.000564228743314743, 0.002987393643707037, 0.13417407870292664, -0.035068754106760025, 0.040578000247478485, -0.036...
+\nintake\tis\tsimply\tinadequate\tconsumption\tof\tfruits\tand\tvegetables.\tInsufficient\tK\n+\n\tintake\thas\tbeen\nlinked\n\tto\thypertension\tand\tcardiac\tarrhythmia.\nAcid–base\tbalance\nAn\tacid\tis\tany\tsubstance\tthat\ttends\tto\trelease\thydrogen\tions\tin\tsolution,\twhereas\ta\tbase\tis\tany
[ 0.000030015158699825406, -0.035378072410821915, 0.05521776154637337, -0.007414677180349827, -0.06518509984016418, 0.048589933663606644, 0.07084044814109802, 0.003301677294075489, -0.013307075016200542, 0.06799891591072083, 0.08560673892498016, -0.08622559159994125, 0.009755730628967285, 0....
substance\tthat\ttends\tto\taccept\thydrogen\tions\tin\tsolution.\tThe\thydrogen\tion\tconcentration\t(H\n+\n)\ndetermines\tacidity.\tBecause\tthe\tmagnitude\tof\tH\n+\n\tis\tsmall\tcompared\twith\tthat\tof\tother\tserum\nelectrolytes,\tacidity\tis\texpressed\tmore\treadily\tin\n\tterms\tof\tpH\tunits.\tA\tlow\tblood\t...
[ 0.0341997928917408, -0.052435070276260376, 0.05120846629142761, -0.02729499153792858, -0.043469708412885666, 0.05641605332493782, 0.06908466666936874, -0.024766774848103523, -0.002703269012272358, 0.10216396301984787, 0.10374368727207184, -0.04330402612686157, 0.046558354049921036, 0.02154...
terms\tof\tpH\tunits.\tA\tlow\tblood\tpH\tindicates\ta\nhigher\tH\n+\n\tand\tgreater\tacidity,\twhereas\ta\thigh\tpH\tvalue\tindicates\ta\tlower\tH\n+\n\tand\tgreater\talkalinity.\nAcid–base\tbalance\n\tis\tthe\tdynamic\tequilibrium\tstate\tof\tH\n+\n.\tMaintaining\tthe\tarterial\tblood\tpH\tlevel\nwithin\tthe\tnormal\...
[ 0.07240410149097443, -0.05702253058552742, 0.029138462617993355, -0.040866222232580185, -0.07353878766298294, 0.007981158792972565, 0.06507962197065353, 0.026311315596103668, 0.02622133120894432, 0.08817008882761002, 0.04448389261960983, -0.028534414246678352, 0.052689485251903534, 0.07157...
reactions.\tRegulatory\tmechanisms\tof\tthe\tkidneys,\tlungs,\n\tand\tbuffering\tsystems\tenable\tthe\tbody\tto\nmaintain\tthe\tblood\tpH\tlevel\tdespite\tthe\tenormous\tacid\tload\tfrom\tfood\tconsumption\tand\ttissue\nmetabolism.\tA\tdisruption\tof\tthe\tacid–base\tbalance\toccurs\twhen\tacid\tor\tbase\tlosses\tor\tg...
[ 0.007491350639611483, -0.07729429006576538, 0.05787268280982971, -0.03155665099620819, -0.06869032979011536, 0.010756028816103935, 0.05139603838324547, 0.048254333436489105, 0.028035923838615417, 0.08879418671131134, 0.09465491771697998, -0.029454059898853302, 0.029902121052145958, 0.02241...
the\tbody’s\tregulatory\tcapabilities\tor\twhen\tnormal\tregulatory\tmechanisms\tbecome\tineffective.\tThese\nregulatory\tdisturbances\tmay\tdevelop\tin\tassociation\twith\tcertain\tdiseases,\n\ttoxin\tingestion,\tshifts\tin\nfluid\tstatus,\tand\tcertain\tmedical\tand\tsurgical\ttreatments\t(\nTable\t3.5\n).\tIf\ta\tdi...
[ 0.002051772316917777, -0.05764247477054596, 0.0387137234210968, -0.03193480148911476, -0.11292202770709991, -0.0038270282093435526, 0.06250546872615814, 0.054653652012348175, 0.016133317723870277, 0.07018618285655975, 0.0990796759724617, -0.026799308136105537, 0.040367186069488525, 0.04754...
Table\t3.5\n).\tIf\ta\tdisrupted\tacid–base\nbalance\tis\tleft\tuntreated,\tmultiple\tdetrimental\teffects\tranging\tfrom\telectrolyte\tabnormalities\tto\ndeath\tcan\tensue.
[ 0.02391253598034382, -0.08863785862922668, -0.048467811197042465, -0.057816267013549805, -0.11508888751268387, -0.03176404535770416, 0.08860000222921371, 0.05111653357744217, 0.002772671403363347, 0.04892377555370331, 0.08476050943136215, -0.05679065361618996, 0.025763699784874916, 0.03543...
TABLE\t3.5\nFour\tMajor\tAcid–Base\tImbalances\nAcid-base\nImbalance\npH\nPrimary\nDisturbance\nCompensation\nPossible\tCauses\nRespiratory\nRespiratory\nacidosis\nLow\nIncreased\npCO\n2\nIncreased\trenal\tnet\nacid\texcretion\twith\nresulting\tincrease\tin\nserum\tbicarbonate\nEmphysema;\tCOPD;\tneuromuscular\tdisease...
[ 0.05076969414949417, -0.0598347969353199, 0.03541663661599159, -0.033894822001457214, -0.10130526125431061, -0.008016135543584824, 0.06270738691091537, 0.06985647976398468, -0.047154031693935394, 0.09589746594429016, 0.09035830944776535, -0.09127471596002579, 0.04932823404669762, 0.0493701...
where\trespiratory\tfunction\tis\timpaired;\nexcessive\tretention\tof\tCO\n2\nRespiratory\nalkalosis\nHigh\nDecreased\npCO\n2\nDecreased\trenal\tnet\nacid\texcretion\n\twith\nresulting\tdecrease\tin\nserum\tbicarbonate\nHeart\tfailure,\tpregnancy,\tsepsis,\nmeningitis,\tanxiety,\tpain,\texcessive\nexpiration\tof\tCO\n2...
[ 0.04597095772624016, -0.06946750730276108, 0.02745247818529606, -0.013258419930934906, -0.12934157252311707, -0.014039607718586922, 0.07462532073259354, 0.03545438125729561, -0.08841697126626968, 0.06907716393470764, 0.09540533274412155, -0.04853612184524536, 0.03898932412266731, 0.0510560...
expiration\tof\tCO\n2\nMetabolic\nMetabolic\nacidosis\nLow\nDecreased\nHCO\n3\n−\nHyperventilation\twith\nresulting\tlow\tpCO\n2\nDiarrhea;\turemia;\tketoacidosis\tfrom\nuncontrolled\tdiabetes\tmellitus;\nstarvation;\thigh-fat,\tlow-carbohydrate\ndiet;\tdrugs,\talcoholism,\tkidney\tdisease\nMetabolic\nalkalosis\nHigh\n...
[ 0.02135622873902321, -0.09149447828531265, -0.003851679852232337, 0.05448109284043312, -0.06466007232666016, -0.018866978585720062, 0.0472736731171608, 0.04777069762349129, -0.06347570568323135, 0.0005772488075308502, 0.06580416858196259, -0.013545931316912174, 0.04382006451487541, 0.01199...
High\nIncreased\nHCO\n3\n−\nHypoventilation\twith\nresulting\tincrease\tin\npCO\n2\nDiuretics\tuse;\tincreased\tingestion\tof\talkali;\nloss\tof\tchloride;\tvomiting/nasogastric\ntube\tsuction\nAcid\tgeneration\nThe\tbody\tproduces\ta\tlarge\tamount\tof\tacids\tdaily\tthough\troutine\tprocesses\tsuch\tas\tmetabolism\ta...
[ 0.05483352020382881, -0.08434782177209854, 0.04048575460910797, -0.03464961424469948, -0.10978347063064575, 0.01942705549299717, 0.09504351764917374, 0.020988017320632935, -0.05164596065878868, 0.05302196368575096, 0.07360158115625381, -0.051399510353803635, 0.0015387404710054398, 0.005698...
oxidation\tof\tfood,\tendogenous\tproduction\tof\tacid\tfrom\ttissue\tmetabolism,\tand\tingestion\tof\tacid\nprecursors.\tThe\n\tmain\tacid\tis\tcarbon\tdioxide\t(CO\n2\n),\ttermed\ta\tvolatile\tacid,\twhich\tis\tproduced\tfrom\nthe\toxidation\tof\tcarbohydrates,\tamino\tacids,\tand\tfat.\tNonvolatile\tor\tfixed\tacids...
[ -0.04227268695831299, -0.05648651719093323, -0.00940029975026846, 0.011907353065907955, -0.01280584279447794, -0.003284670179709792, 0.02195688895881176, 0.03531806170940399, 0.03557954728603363, 0.08299904316663742, 0.09182365983724594, -0.06900053471326828, -0.010371435433626175, 0.03471...
and\tsulfuric\tacids,\tare\tproduced\tfrom\tthe\tmetabolism\tof\tphosphate-containing\tcompounds\tto\tform\nphosphates\tand\tphosphoric\tacid\tand\tsulfur-containing\tamino\tacids\t(such\tas\tthe\tmetabolism\tof\nmethionine\tand\tcysteine).\n\tOrganic\tacids,\tsuch\tas\tlactic,\turic,\tand\tketo\tacids,\tcome\tfrom\tth...
[ -0.019519800320267677, -0.047060005366802216, 0.06869422644376755, -0.0638943612575531, -0.08280419558286667, -0.02839707024395466, 0.09161242842674255, 0.005522194318473339, 0.01937892846763134, 0.08272264897823334, 0.0869750902056694, -0.04063514620065689, 0.03192048892378807, 0.02410815...
Organic\tacids,\tsuch\tas\tlactic,\turic,\tand\tketo\tacids,\tcome\tfrom\tthe\nincomplete\tmetabolism\tof\tcarbohydrates\tand\tfats.\tThese\torganic\tacids\ttypically\taccumulate\tonly\nduring\texercise,\tacute\tillness,\tor\tfasting.\tUnder\tnormal\tconditions,\tthe\tbody\tis\table\tto\tmaintain\nnormal\tacid–base\tst...
[ 0.016783062368631363, -0.06594852358102798, 0.04393944516777992, -0.03314565122127533, -0.09213867783546448, -0.028437841683626175, 0.03636076673865318, -0.008286572992801666, 0.000971224217209965, 0.06757581233978271, 0.11832433938980103, -0.0672324150800705, 0.030421430245041847, 0.00153...
Regulation\nVarious\tregulatory\tmechanisms\tmaintain\tthe\tpH\tlevel\n\twithin\tvery\tnarrow\tphysiologic\tlimits.\tAt\tthe\ncellular\tlevel,\t\nbuffer\n\tsystems\tcomposed\tof\tweak\tacids\tor\tbases\tand\ttheir\tcorresponding\tsalts\nminimize\tthe\teffect\ton\tpH\tof\tthe\taddition\tof\ta\tstrong\tacid\tor\tbase.\tT...
[ 0.046453483402729034, -0.0840916782617569, 0.03439999371767044, -0.051862914115190506, -0.07104700803756714, 0.030189093202352524, 0.07203894108533859, 0.009321121498942375, -0.0018057640409097075, 0.06415311992168427, 0.10459984093904495, -0.05373014137148857, 0.04152389243245125, 0.05118...
formation\tof\ta\tweaker\tacid\tor\tbase\tin\tan\tamount\tequivalent\tto\tthe\tstrong\tacid\tor\tbase\tthat\thas\tbeen\nadded\tto\tthe\tsystem\t(see\t\nFig.\t3.3\n).\nProteins\tand\tphosphates\n\tare\tthe\tprimary\tintracellular\tbuffers,\twhereas\tthe\tbicarbonate\tand\tH\n2\nCO\n3\nsystem\tis\tthe\tprimary\textracell...
[ -0.020399417728185654, -0.052736569195985794, 0.017940929159522057, -0.05868367850780487, -0.07737746089696884, 0.015568096190690994, 0.0752096176147461, 0.02767198719084263, 0.018024137243628502, 0.09390691667795181, 0.09578726440668106, -0.025936570018529892, 0.016414310783147812, 0.0362...
and\tlungs.\tThe\tkidneys\tregulate\thydrogen\tion\t(H\n+\n)\tsecretion\tand\tbicarbonate\tresorption.\tThe\nkidneys\tregulate\tthe\tpH\tof\tthe\turine\tby\texcreting\tH\n+\n\tor\tHCO\n3\n−\n\tand\tcan\tmake\tbicarbonate.\tThe\nkidneys\tare\tthe\tslowest-responding\tmechanism\n\tto\tmaintain\tacid–base\tbalance.\tThe\t...
[ -0.00732381921261549, -0.020007215440273285, 0.06605455279350281, -0.05891896039247513, -0.10035309940576553, 0.0042639803141355515, 0.08759098500013351, -0.009547841735184193, 0.023419417440891266, 0.05605774372816086, 0.055454421788454056, -0.04977389797568321, 0.04605623707175255, -0.00...
+\nthrough\tthe\tamount\tof\tCO\n2\n\tthat\tis\texhaled.\tWhen\tmore\tCO\n2\n\tis\texhaled,\tit\treduces\tthe\tH\n+\nconcentration\tin\tthe\tbody.\tThe\trespiratory\tsystem\tresponds\tquickly\tto\talter\teither\tthe\tdepth\tor\trate\nof\tair\tmovement\tin\tthe\tlungs.\nAcid–base\tdisorders\nAcid–base\tdisorders\tcan\tb...
[ 0.03129545971751213, -0.015991022810339928, 0.06846542656421661, -0.043514613062143326, -0.12047594040632248, -0.0007704970194026828, 0.052371833473443985, -0.015480421483516693, -0.010592247359454632, 0.0873979851603508, 0.11491546779870987, -0.03624974936246872, 0.10461782664060593, 0.03...
causes.\n\tThe\tevaluation\tof\tacid–base\tstaus\trequires\tanalysis\tof\tserum\telectrolytes\tand\tarterial\tblood\ngas\t(ABG)\tvalues\t(\nTable\t3.6\n).\tThere\tare\tfour\tmain\tacid–base\tabnormalities:\tmetabolic\tacidosis,\nmetabolic\talkalosis,\trespiratory\tacidosis,\tand\trespiratory\talkalosis.\tIt\tis\timport...
[ 0.033586326986551285, -0.05507956072688103, 0.06099841743707657, -0.04764399304986, -0.0726783499121666, -0.03507954627275467, 0.06161339208483696, 0.0493500642478466, -0.008109292015433311, 0.10222967714071274, 0.09693184494972229, -0.0737030878663063, 0.011720381677150726, 0.075155660510...
type\tof\tacid–base\tdisorder\tbecause\tthis\twill\tdictate\tthe\ttreatment\tand\tresponse\tor\t“compensation”\nmechanism\n\tenacted\tby\tthe\tbody.\tMetabolic\tacid–base\timbalances\tresult\tin\tchanges\tin\tbicarbonate\n(i.e.,\tbase)\tlevels,\twhich\tare\treflected\tin\tthe\ttotal\tcarbon\tdioxide\t(TCO\n2\n)\tportio...
[ -0.025001538917422295, -0.05248091369867325, 0.014045793563127518, -0.04477792978286743, -0.09861774742603302, 0.0006855126703158021, 0.07833189517259598, 0.06501438468694687, 0.0104319853708148, 0.04703790694475174, 0.05530969053506851, -0.05296596512198448, 0.07130193710327148, 0.0463254...
profile.\tTCO\n2\n\tincludes\tbicarbonate\t(HCO\n3\n−\n),\tcarbonic\tacid\t(H\n2\nCO\n3\n)\tand\tdissolved\tcarbon\tdioxide;\nhowever,\tall\tbut\t1\tto\t3\tmEq/L\tare\tin\tthe\tform\tof\tHCO\n3\n−\n.\tThus,\tfor\tease\tof\tinterpretation,\tTCO\n2\n\tshould\nbe\tequated\n\twith\tHCO\n3\n−\n.\tRespiratory\tacid–base\timb...
[ -0.04245663806796074, -0.02227289415895939, -0.00666970107704401, -0.03537806123495102, -0.03395344316959381, -0.0035903307143598795, 0.04979179799556732, 0.06036100536584854, -0.036000654101371765, 0.027461647987365723, 0.04836558550596237, -0.10166703164577484, 0.06374228745698929, 0.023...
of\tdissolved\tcarbon\tdioxide\t(pCO\n2\n).\tThis\tis\treported\tin\tthe\tABG\tvalues\tin\taddition\tto\tthe\tpH,\twhich\nreflect\tthe\toverall\tacid–base\tstatus.
[ 0.030399883165955544, -0.03091892972588539, -0.015176462009549141, -0.02829159051179886, -0.06659287959337234, -0.0013014579890295863, 0.06895126402378082, 0.033197879791259766, 0.038490764796733856, 0.0897316038608551, 0.06770453602075577, -0.03925609588623047, 0.01307003665715456, 0.0449...
TABLE\t3.6\nCommon\tArterial\tBlood\tGas\tValues\n*\nClinical\tTest\nABG\tValue\npH\n7.35-7.45\npCO\n2\n35-45\tmm\tHg\npO\n2\n80-100\tmm\tHg\nHCO\n3\n−\n\t(bicarbonate)\n22-26\tmEq/L\nO\n2\n\tsaturation\n>95%\n*\nCheck\texact\treference\trange\tat\tlaboratory\twhen\tinterpreting\tpatient\tresults\nABG,\n\tArterial\tblo...
[ 0.04118025302886963, -0.028087353333830833, -0.027138231322169304, -0.0496472492814064, -0.10762844979763031, -0.05654587224125862, 0.030138786882162094, 0.11776898056268692, -0.040037602186203, 0.024146290495991707, 0.06186581403017044, -0.08983703702688217, -0.0013047277461737394, 0.0352...
ABG,\n\tArterial\tblood\tgas.\nMetabolic\tacidosis\nMetabolic\tacidosis\n\tresults\tfrom\tincreased\tproduction\tor\taccumulation\tof\tacids\tor\tloss\tof\tbase\t(i.e.,\nHCO\n3\n−\n)\tin\tthe\textracellular\tfluids.\tSimple,\tacute\tmetabolic\tacidosis\tresults\tin\ta\tlow\tblood\tpH\t(or\nacidemia\n),\tlow\tHCO\n3\n−\...
[ -0.006345407571643591, -0.0884070172905922, 0.011286390013992786, -0.03865700215101242, -0.08645327389240265, -0.020192183554172516, 0.07285244017839432, 0.008308225311338902, -0.023052986711263657, 0.09416646510362625, 0.09599762409925461, -0.0652129128575325, 0.0502462275326252, 0.046321...
,\tand\tnormal\tpCO\n2\n.\tExamples\tof\tmetabolic\tacidosis\n\tinclude\tdiabetic\nketoacidosis,\tlactic\tacidosis,\ttoxin\tingestion,\turemia,\tand\texcessive\tHCO\n3\n−\n\tloss\tvia\tthe\tkidneys\tor\nintestinal\ttract.\tMultiple\tdeaths\tpreviously\thave\tbeen\tattributed\tto\tlactic\tacidosis\tcaused\tby
[ 0.05889183655381203, -0.09092443436384201, 0.041334427893161774, -0.016608774662017822, -0.1011495366692543, -0.03433188423514366, 0.10134247690439224, -0.0201411210000515, -0.026807719841599464, 0.07032810896635056, 0.09585484117269516, -0.04414578527212143, 0.008967732079327106, -0.00154...
administration\tof\tparenteral\tnutrition\tdevoid\tof\tthiamin.\tIn\tpatients\twith\tmetabolic\tacidosis,\tthe\nanion\tgap\tis\tcalculated\tto\thelp\tdetermine\tcause\tand\tappropriate\ttreatment.\tAn\t\nanion\tgap\n\tis\tthe\nmeasurement\tof\tthe\tinterval\tbetween\tthe\tsum\tof\t“routinely\tmeasured”\tcations\tminus\...
[ 0.029542701318860054, -0.008436129428446293, 0.02840392477810383, -0.013953001238405704, -0.10934941470623016, -0.008775832131505013, 0.09649774432182312, 0.03866695612668991, 0.01480185892432928, 0.032030023634433746, 0.10773877054452896, -0.0131001528352499, 0.05099979788064957, 0.042525...
“routinely\tmeasured”\tanions\tin\tthe\tblood.\tThe\tanion\tgap\tis\nwhere\tNa\n+\n\tis\tsodium,\tK\n+\n\tis\tpotassium,\tCl\n−\n\tis\tchloride,\tand\tHCO\n3\n−\n\tis\tbicarbonate.\tNormal\tis\t12\tto\n14\n\tmEq/L\t(refer\tto\tthe\treference\tranges\tfor\teach\treporting\tlaboratory).\nAnion\tgap\tmetabolic\tacidosis\t...
[ 0.023625366389751434, -0.030962442979216576, 0.03305235132575035, -0.025910289958119392, -0.08020368218421936, -0.0023500488605350256, 0.10432901978492737, 0.01959822326898575, -0.0011874448973685503, 0.03664064779877663, 0.08927617222070694, -0.026352673768997192, 0.040801264345645905, 0....
3\n−\n\tconcentration\tis\tbalanced\tby\nincreased\tacid\tanions\tother\tthan\tchloride.\tThis\tcauses\tthe\tcalculated\tanion\tgap\tto\texceed\tthe\tnormal\nrange\tof\t12\tto\t14\tmEq/L.\tThis\tnormochloremic\tmetabolic\tacidosis\tmay\tdevelop\tin\tassociation\twith\ndiabetic\tketoacidosis,\tlactic\tacidosis,\n\turemi...
[ 0.04314621537923813, -0.08538173884153366, 0.007590702269226313, -0.023046085610985756, -0.09245679527521133, 0.003304098267108202, 0.07788410782814026, 0.04639286547899246, 0.00017555916565470397, 0.05054924264550209, 0.09113467484712601, -0.05360763892531395, 0.0378897450864315, -0.00184...
uremia,\tingestion\t(e.g.,\tmethanol,\tparaldehyde,\tethylene\tglycol,\nalcohol),\tor\tbe\tiatrogenic\t(\nWilson,\t2003\n).\tNongap\tmetabolic\tacidosis\toccurs\twhen\ta\tdecrease\tin\nHCO\n3\n−\n\tconcentration\tis\tbalanced\tby\tan\tincrease\tin\tchloride\tconcentration,\tresulting\tin\ta\tnormal
[ 0.005412616301327944, -0.0727863758802414, 0.0235460065305233, 0.004974920302629471, -0.08786922693252563, 0.008273979648947716, 0.10414798557758331, 0.05412089079618454, -0.0175537820905447, 0.04766089469194412, 0.08107136189937592, -0.04816965386271477, -0.007143945433199406, 0.016411749...
anion\tgap.\tThis\thyperchloremic\tmetabolic\tacidosis\tmay\tdevelop\tin\tassociation\tsmall\tbowel\tfistulae,\nexcess\tchloride\tingestion\t(from\tmedications\n\tor\tparenteral\tsources),\tdiarrhea,\tpancreatic\tfistulae,\nrenal\ttubular\tacidosis,\tureterosigmoidostomy,\tor\tadrenal\tinsufficiency\t(\nCanada\tet\tal,...
[ 0.0311832744628191, -0.06632853299379349, 0.04374143108725548, -0.02767827734351158, -0.13841471076011658, -0.017837556079030037, 0.029965169727802277, 0.03106783516705036, 0.0018585919169709086, 0.0672711580991745, 0.11223486065864563, -0.037800077348947525, 0.045256778597831726, 0.028102...
Canada\tet\tal,\t2015\n).\nMetabolic\talkalosis\nMetabolic\talkalosis\n\tresults\tfrom\tthe\tadministration\tor\taccumulation\tof\tHCO\n3\n−\n\t(i.e.,\tbase)\tor\tits\nprecursors,\texcessive\tloss\tof\tacid\t(e.g.,\tduring\tgastric\tsuctioning),\tor\tloss\tof\tECF\tcontaining\tmore\nchloride\tthan\tHCO\n3\n−\n\t(e.g.,\...
[ 0.0041916584596037865, -0.06101318076252937, 0.048906609416007996, -0.050581373274326324, -0.11560289561748505, -0.014653968624770641, 0.05126827955245972, -0.0679677352309227, 0.021221723407506943, 0.07455248385667801, 0.11622128635644913, -0.05010071024298668, 0.04086660221219063, 0.0404...
results\tin\ta\thigh\tblood\tpH,\tor\t\nalkalemia\n.\tMetabolic\talkalosis\talso\tmay\tresult\tfrom\tvolume\tdepletion;\ndecreased\tblood\tflow\tto\tthe\tkidneys\tstimulates\treabsorption\tof\tNa\n+\n\tand\twater,\tincreasing\tHCO\n3\n−\nreabsorption.\tThis\tcondition\tis\tknown\tas\t\ncontraction\talkalosis\n.\tAlkalo...
[ -0.01786787621676922, -0.05612525716423988, 0.006618520710617304, -0.029218846932053566, -0.08138282597064972, 0.009039265103638172, 0.057446178048849106, 0.06730429083108902, -0.02619771845638752, 0.036406680941581726, 0.06691984832286835, -0.009682506322860718, 0.044979363679885864, 0.03...
severe\thypokalemia\t(serum\tK\n+\n\tconcentration\n\t<2\tmEq/L).\tAs\tK\n+\n\tmoves\tfrom\tthe\tintracellular\tto\tthe\nextracellular\tfluid,\thydrogen\tions\tmove\tfrom\tthe\textracellular\tto\tthe\tintracellular\tfluid\tto\tmaintain\nelectroneutrality.\tThis\tprocess\tproduces\tintracellular\tacidosis,\twhich\tincre...
[ -0.022294817492365837, -0.04425377398729324, 0.038869764655828476, -0.046201787889003754, -0.02889501117169857, -0.007994398474693298, 0.06028403714299202, 0.09997637569904327, -0.037456296384334564, 0.04795032739639282, 0.06801261007785797, -0.008909747935831547, 0.07469167560338974, 0.02...
excretion\tand\tHCO\n3\n−\n\treabsorption\tby\tthe\tkidneys.\nRespiratory\tacidosis\nRespiratory\tacidosis\n\tis\tcaused\tby\tdecreased\tventilation\tand\tconsequent\tCO\n2\n\tretention.\tSimple,\nacute\trespiratory\tacidosis\tresults\tin\ta\tlow\tpH,\tnormal\tHCO\n3\n−\n\tand\televated\tpCO\n2\n.\tAcute\trespiratory
[ 0.058777816593647, -0.04912164807319641, 0.04128781706094742, -0.02578989416360855, -0.04117187485098839, -0.028041677549481392, 0.15891236066818237, -0.002510693157091737, -0.04875416308641434, 0.11560234427452087, 0.14140716195106506, -0.08670545369386673, 0.029834844172000885, 0.0681807...
3\n−\n\tand\televated\tpCO\n2\n.\tAcute\trespiratory\nacidosis\tcan\toccur\tas\ta\tresult\tof\tsleep\tapnea,\tasthma,\taspiration\tof\ta\tforeign\tobject,\tor\tacute\nrespiratory\tdistress\tsyndrome\t(ARDS).\tChronic\trespiratory\tacidosis\tis\tassociated\twith\tobesity\nhypoventilation\tsyndrome,\tchronic\tobstructive...
[ 0.02960975095629692, -0.004292474593967199, 0.044883277267217636, -0.027420146390795708, -0.06978008151054382, 0.005538934376090765, 0.07916250079870224, -0.02670377492904663, -0.04724092781543732, 0.11087401211261749, 0.12447720766067505, -0.06822118163108826, 0.07263077795505524, 0.05947...
neuromuscular\tdiseases,\tand\tstarvation\tcachexia.\tPrevention\tof\toverfeeding\tis\tprudent\tas\tit\tcan\nworsen\tacidosis\t(\nAyers\tand\tDixon,\t2012\n).\nRespiratory\talkalosis\nRespiratory\talkalosis\n\tresults\tfrom\tincreased\tventilation\tand\telimination\tof\tCO\n2\n.\tThe\tcondition\tmay
[ 0.06913124769926071, -0.055617693811655045, 0.05204223096370697, -0.013133346103131771, -0.12816834449768066, -0.004547367338091135, 0.11076228320598602, 0.011276706121861935, -0.06651020050048828, 0.07712891697883606, 0.09822279959917068, -0.04989858716726303, 0.01966952718794346, 0.05872...
2\n.\tThe\tcondition\tmay\nbe\tmediated\tcentrally\t(e.g.,\tfrom\thead\tinjury,\tpain,\tanxiety,\tcerebrovascular\taccident,\tor\ttumors)\tor\nby\tperipheral\tstimulation\t(e.g.,\n\tfrom\tpneumonia,\thypoxemia,\thigh\taltitudes,\tpulmonary\tembolism,
[ 0.0342000313103199, -0.03888546675443649, 0.05297723039984703, -0.01767217181622982, -0.12065863609313965, 0.007348436862230301, 0.07388969510793686, 0.021221721544861794, 0.021820085123181343, 0.06538945436477661, 0.10545717179775238, -0.022226333618164062, 0.04397556185722351, -0.0004300...
4\nIntake:\tAssessment\tof\tfood-\tand\nnutrition-related\thistory\nCynthia\tBartok,\tPhD,\tRDN,\tCD,\tL.\tKathleen\tMahan,\tRDN,\tMS,\tCD\nKEY\tTERMS\n24-hour\trecall\nacceptable\tintake\t(AI)\nacceptable\tmacronutrient\tdistribution\trange\t(AMDR)\nbioactive\tcompound\ncalorie\tcount\ndietary\tintake\tdata\ndietary\t...
[ 0.015486789867281914, -0.08099710196256638, 0.036923039704561234, -0.023696409538388252, -0.0860426127910614, 0.029763953760266304, 0.07339790463447571, 0.01972871460020542, 0.005360778886824846, 0.06062404066324234, 0.134345144033432, -0.04258570075035095, 0.05031011253595352, 0.018678788...
dietary\tintake\tdata\ndietary\treference\tintakes\t(DRIs)\nfood\tdiary\nfood\tfrequency\tquestionnaire\t(FFQ)\nfood\trecord\nnutrition\n\tassessment\nnutrition\tcare\tindicators\nnutrition\tcare\tprocess\t(NCP)\nnutrition\tscreening\nnutritional\tstatus\nproblem,\tetiology,\tsigns\tand\tsymptoms\t(PES)\tstatement\nqua...
[ 0.032145313918590546, -0.00465381471440196, 0.02519792690873146, 0.05556159466505051, -0.10159890353679657, 0.01491406187415123, 0.04019889980554581, 0.03883263096213341, -0.09401509910821915, 0.009367311373353004, 0.11182114481925964, -0.056892331689596176, -0.023248305544257164, -0.00962...
quantitative\tfood\tpatterns\nrecommended\tdietary\tallowance\t(RDA)\ntolerable\tupper\tlevel\t(UL)\nNutritional\tstatus\nNutritional\tstatus\n\tis\tthe\tphysiologic\tstate\tor\tcondition\tof\tan\tindividual\tbased\ton\tthe\tbalance\nbetween\tthe\tindividual’s\n\tintake\tand\tunique\trequirement\tfor\tnutrients\t(\nFig...
[ 0.012793940491974354, -0.07108168303966522, 0.04051358252763748, 0.028632070869207382, -0.09666378051042557, 0.024565324187278748, 0.07415390759706497, 0.054453179240226746, -0.027397023513913155, 0.050230469554662704, 0.11904618889093399, -0.04751334339380264, -0.011123200878500938, 0.046...
Fig.\t4.1\n).\tNutrient\tintake\nrepresents\tthe\tamount\tof\ta\tnutrient\tthat\tis\tabsorbed\tinto\tthe\tbody\tfrom\tfoods,\tbeverages,\nmedications,\tand\tsupplements\tconsumed.\tThus\tnutrient\tintake\tdepends\ton:\n•\t\nthe\tamount\tof\ta\tnutrient\tcontained\tin\tthe\tdiet,\n•\t\nthe\tbioavailability\tof\ta\tnutri...
[ 0.04016033560037613, -0.03193700686097145, 0.04070636257529259, -0.01875988394021988, -0.09658380597829819, 0.03168134763836861, 0.11215244978666306, -0.013760018162429333, -0.005345258396118879, 0.06476062536239624, 0.14076443016529083, -0.06936459988355637, 0.05978483706712723, 0.0247513...
•\t\nthe\tbioavailability\tof\ta\tnutrient\tbased\ton\tits\tsource,\tand\n•\t\nthe\tbody’s\tcapacity\tto\tdigest\tand\tabsorb\tnutrients\n\twithin\tthe\tgastrointestinal\tsystem.
[ 0.025214185938239098, -0.07327158004045486, 0.013377138413488865, 0.025377245619893074, -0.08930613845586777, 0.019862085580825806, 0.13087724149227142, 0.0107705257833004, -0.007901696488261223, 0.041989896446466446, 0.126612588763237, -0.03199775516986847, 0.02106582373380661, 0.04418018...
FIG.\t4.1\nOptimal\tnutrition\tstatus:\ta\tbalance\tbetween\tnutrient\tintake\tand\tnutrient\trequirements.\nNutrition\tprofessionals\tsuch\tas\tregistered\tdietitian\tnutritionists\t(RDNs)\tand\tnutrition\tand\tdietetic\ntechnicians,\tregistered\t(NDTRs)\tserve\tas\tfood\tand\tnutrition\texperts\ton\thealth\tcare\ttea...
[ 0.023197392001748085, -0.008936500176787376, 0.03296571224927902, 0.007855139672756195, -0.07990128546953201, 0.026308991014957428, 0.09304055571556091, 0.01670841872692108, -0.004097686614841223, 0.02677687257528305, 0.11276202648878098, -0.0938599705696106, 0.0179294403642416, 0.00158841...