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apache/incubator-mxnet
python/mxnet/contrib/onnx/mx2onnx/export_onnx.py
MXNetGraph.get_outputs
def get_outputs(sym, params, in_shape, in_label): """ Infer output shapes and return dictionary of output name to shape :param :class:`~mxnet.symbol.Symbol` sym: symbol to perform infer shape on :param dic of (str, nd.NDArray) params: :param list of tuple(int, ...) in_shape: list of all input shapes :param in_label: name of label typically used in loss that may be left in graph. This name is removed from list of inputs required by symbol :return: dictionary of output name to shape :rtype: dict of (str, tuple(int, ...)) """ # remove any input listed in params from sym.list_inputs() and bind them to the input shapes provided # by user. Also remove in_label, which is the name of the label symbol that may have been used # as the label for loss during training. inputs = {n: tuple(s) for n, s in zip([n for n in sym.list_inputs() if n not in params and n != in_label], in_shape)} # Add params and their shape to list of inputs inputs.update({n: v.shape for n, v in params.items() if n in sym.list_inputs()}) # Provide input data as well as input params to infer_shape() _, out_shapes, _ = sym.infer_shape(**inputs) out_names = list() for name in sym.list_outputs(): if name.endswith('_output'): out_names.append(name[:-len('_output')]) else: logging.info("output '%s' does not end with '_output'", name) out_names.append(name) assert len(out_shapes) == len(out_names) # bind output shapes with output names graph_outputs = {n: s for n, s in zip(out_names, out_shapes)} return graph_outputs
python
def get_outputs(sym, params, in_shape, in_label): """ Infer output shapes and return dictionary of output name to shape :param :class:`~mxnet.symbol.Symbol` sym: symbol to perform infer shape on :param dic of (str, nd.NDArray) params: :param list of tuple(int, ...) in_shape: list of all input shapes :param in_label: name of label typically used in loss that may be left in graph. This name is removed from list of inputs required by symbol :return: dictionary of output name to shape :rtype: dict of (str, tuple(int, ...)) """ # remove any input listed in params from sym.list_inputs() and bind them to the input shapes provided # by user. Also remove in_label, which is the name of the label symbol that may have been used # as the label for loss during training. inputs = {n: tuple(s) for n, s in zip([n for n in sym.list_inputs() if n not in params and n != in_label], in_shape)} # Add params and their shape to list of inputs inputs.update({n: v.shape for n, v in params.items() if n in sym.list_inputs()}) # Provide input data as well as input params to infer_shape() _, out_shapes, _ = sym.infer_shape(**inputs) out_names = list() for name in sym.list_outputs(): if name.endswith('_output'): out_names.append(name[:-len('_output')]) else: logging.info("output '%s' does not end with '_output'", name) out_names.append(name) assert len(out_shapes) == len(out_names) # bind output shapes with output names graph_outputs = {n: s for n, s in zip(out_names, out_shapes)} return graph_outputs
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Infer output shapes and return dictionary of output name to shape :param :class:`~mxnet.symbol.Symbol` sym: symbol to perform infer shape on :param dic of (str, nd.NDArray) params: :param list of tuple(int, ...) in_shape: list of all input shapes :param in_label: name of label typically used in loss that may be left in graph. This name is removed from list of inputs required by symbol :return: dictionary of output name to shape :rtype: dict of (str, tuple(int, ...))
[ "Infer", "output", "shapes", "and", "return", "dictionary", "of", "output", "name", "to", "shape" ]
1af29e9c060a4c7d60eeaacba32afdb9a7775ba7
https://github.com/apache/incubator-mxnet/blob/1af29e9c060a4c7d60eeaacba32afdb9a7775ba7/python/mxnet/contrib/onnx/mx2onnx/export_onnx.py#L123-L156
train
apache/incubator-mxnet
python/mxnet/contrib/onnx/mx2onnx/export_onnx.py
MXNetGraph.convert_weights_to_numpy
def convert_weights_to_numpy(weights_dict): """Convert weights to numpy""" return dict([(k.replace("arg:", "").replace("aux:", ""), v.asnumpy()) for k, v in weights_dict.items()])
python
def convert_weights_to_numpy(weights_dict): """Convert weights to numpy""" return dict([(k.replace("arg:", "").replace("aux:", ""), v.asnumpy()) for k, v in weights_dict.items()])
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Convert weights to numpy
[ "Convert", "weights", "to", "numpy" ]
1af29e9c060a4c7d60eeaacba32afdb9a7775ba7
https://github.com/apache/incubator-mxnet/blob/1af29e9c060a4c7d60eeaacba32afdb9a7775ba7/python/mxnet/contrib/onnx/mx2onnx/export_onnx.py#L159-L162
train
apache/incubator-mxnet
python/mxnet/contrib/onnx/mx2onnx/export_onnx.py
MXNetGraph.create_onnx_graph_proto
def create_onnx_graph_proto(self, sym, params, in_shape, in_type, verbose=False): """Convert MXNet graph to ONNX graph Parameters ---------- sym : :class:`~mxnet.symbol.Symbol` MXNet symbol object params : dict of ``str`` to :class:`~mxnet.ndarray.NDArray` Dict of converted parameters stored in ``mxnet.ndarray.NDArray`` format in_shape : List of tuple Input shape of the model e.g [(1,3,224,224)] in_type : data type Input data type e.g. np.float32 verbose : Boolean If true will print logs of the model conversion Returns ------- graph : GraphProto ONNX graph """ try: from onnx import (checker, helper, NodeProto, ValueInfoProto, TensorProto) from onnx.helper import make_tensor_value_info except ImportError: raise ImportError("Onnx and protobuf need to be installed. " + "Instructions to install - https://github.com/onnx/onnx") # When MXNet model is saved to json file , MXNet adds a node for label. # The name of this node is, name of the last node + "_label" ( i.e if last node # name is "Softmax", this node will have a name "Softmax_label". Also, the new node # will always be second last node in the json graph. # Deriving the output_label name. output_label = sym.get_internals()[len(sym.get_internals()) - 1].name + "_label" weights = MXNetGraph.convert_weights_to_numpy(params) mx_graph = json.loads(sym.tojson())["nodes"] initializer = [] all_processed_nodes = [] onnx_processed_nodes = [] onnx_processed_inputs = [] onnx_processed_outputs = [] index_lookup = [] # Determine output shape graph_outputs = MXNetGraph.get_outputs(sym, params, in_shape, output_label) graph_input_idx = 0 for idx, node in enumerate(mx_graph): op = node["op"] name = node["name"] if verbose: logging.info("Converting idx: %d, op: %s, name: %s", idx, op, name) # A node is an input node if its op_name is "null" and is not # in params dict if op == "null" and name not in params: # Handling graph input # Skipping output_label node, as this node is not part of graph # Refer "output_label" assignment above for more details. if name == output_label: continue converted = MXNetGraph.convert_layer( node, is_input=True, mx_graph=mx_graph, weights=weights, in_shape=in_shape[graph_input_idx], in_type=in_type, proc_nodes=all_processed_nodes, initializer=initializer, index_lookup=index_lookup) graph_input_idx += 1 else: # Handling graph layers converted = MXNetGraph.convert_layer( node, is_input=False, mx_graph=mx_graph, weights=weights, in_shape=in_shape, in_type=in_type, proc_nodes=all_processed_nodes, initializer=initializer, index_lookup=index_lookup, idx=idx ) if isinstance(converted, list): # Iterate for all converted nodes for converted_node in converted: # If converted node is ValueInfoProto, add it in inputs if isinstance(converted_node, ValueInfoProto): onnx_processed_inputs.append(converted_node) # If converted node is NodeProto, add it in processed nodes list elif isinstance(converted_node, NodeProto): onnx_processed_nodes.append(converted_node) # some operators have multiple outputs, # therefore, check all output node names node_names = list(converted_node.output) for nodename in node_names: if nodename in graph_outputs: onnx_processed_outputs.append( make_tensor_value_info( name=nodename, elem_type=in_type, shape=graph_outputs[nodename] ) ) if verbose: logging.info("Output node is: %s", nodename) elif isinstance(converted_node, TensorProto): raise ValueError("Did not expect TensorProto") else: raise ValueError("node is of an unrecognized type: %s" % type(node)) all_processed_nodes.append(converted_node) if idx > 0: # Handling extra node added to the graph if the MXNet model was # saved to json file, # refer "output_label" initialization above for more details. # if extra node was added then prev_index to the last node is adjusted. if idx == (len(mx_graph) - 1) and \ mx_graph[len(mx_graph)-2]["name"] == output_label: prev_index = index_lookup[idx - 2] else: prev_index = index_lookup[idx - 1] index_lookup.append(prev_index+len(converted)) else: index_lookup.append(len(converted) - 1) else: logging.info("Operator converter function should always return a list") graph = helper.make_graph( onnx_processed_nodes, "mxnet_converted_model", onnx_processed_inputs, onnx_processed_outputs ) graph.initializer.extend(initializer) checker.check_graph(graph) return graph
python
def create_onnx_graph_proto(self, sym, params, in_shape, in_type, verbose=False): """Convert MXNet graph to ONNX graph Parameters ---------- sym : :class:`~mxnet.symbol.Symbol` MXNet symbol object params : dict of ``str`` to :class:`~mxnet.ndarray.NDArray` Dict of converted parameters stored in ``mxnet.ndarray.NDArray`` format in_shape : List of tuple Input shape of the model e.g [(1,3,224,224)] in_type : data type Input data type e.g. np.float32 verbose : Boolean If true will print logs of the model conversion Returns ------- graph : GraphProto ONNX graph """ try: from onnx import (checker, helper, NodeProto, ValueInfoProto, TensorProto) from onnx.helper import make_tensor_value_info except ImportError: raise ImportError("Onnx and protobuf need to be installed. " + "Instructions to install - https://github.com/onnx/onnx") # When MXNet model is saved to json file , MXNet adds a node for label. # The name of this node is, name of the last node + "_label" ( i.e if last node # name is "Softmax", this node will have a name "Softmax_label". Also, the new node # will always be second last node in the json graph. # Deriving the output_label name. output_label = sym.get_internals()[len(sym.get_internals()) - 1].name + "_label" weights = MXNetGraph.convert_weights_to_numpy(params) mx_graph = json.loads(sym.tojson())["nodes"] initializer = [] all_processed_nodes = [] onnx_processed_nodes = [] onnx_processed_inputs = [] onnx_processed_outputs = [] index_lookup = [] # Determine output shape graph_outputs = MXNetGraph.get_outputs(sym, params, in_shape, output_label) graph_input_idx = 0 for idx, node in enumerate(mx_graph): op = node["op"] name = node["name"] if verbose: logging.info("Converting idx: %d, op: %s, name: %s", idx, op, name) # A node is an input node if its op_name is "null" and is not # in params dict if op == "null" and name not in params: # Handling graph input # Skipping output_label node, as this node is not part of graph # Refer "output_label" assignment above for more details. if name == output_label: continue converted = MXNetGraph.convert_layer( node, is_input=True, mx_graph=mx_graph, weights=weights, in_shape=in_shape[graph_input_idx], in_type=in_type, proc_nodes=all_processed_nodes, initializer=initializer, index_lookup=index_lookup) graph_input_idx += 1 else: # Handling graph layers converted = MXNetGraph.convert_layer( node, is_input=False, mx_graph=mx_graph, weights=weights, in_shape=in_shape, in_type=in_type, proc_nodes=all_processed_nodes, initializer=initializer, index_lookup=index_lookup, idx=idx ) if isinstance(converted, list): # Iterate for all converted nodes for converted_node in converted: # If converted node is ValueInfoProto, add it in inputs if isinstance(converted_node, ValueInfoProto): onnx_processed_inputs.append(converted_node) # If converted node is NodeProto, add it in processed nodes list elif isinstance(converted_node, NodeProto): onnx_processed_nodes.append(converted_node) # some operators have multiple outputs, # therefore, check all output node names node_names = list(converted_node.output) for nodename in node_names: if nodename in graph_outputs: onnx_processed_outputs.append( make_tensor_value_info( name=nodename, elem_type=in_type, shape=graph_outputs[nodename] ) ) if verbose: logging.info("Output node is: %s", nodename) elif isinstance(converted_node, TensorProto): raise ValueError("Did not expect TensorProto") else: raise ValueError("node is of an unrecognized type: %s" % type(node)) all_processed_nodes.append(converted_node) if idx > 0: # Handling extra node added to the graph if the MXNet model was # saved to json file, # refer "output_label" initialization above for more details. # if extra node was added then prev_index to the last node is adjusted. if idx == (len(mx_graph) - 1) and \ mx_graph[len(mx_graph)-2]["name"] == output_label: prev_index = index_lookup[idx - 2] else: prev_index = index_lookup[idx - 1] index_lookup.append(prev_index+len(converted)) else: index_lookup.append(len(converted) - 1) else: logging.info("Operator converter function should always return a list") graph = helper.make_graph( onnx_processed_nodes, "mxnet_converted_model", onnx_processed_inputs, onnx_processed_outputs ) graph.initializer.extend(initializer) checker.check_graph(graph) return graph
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Convert MXNet graph to ONNX graph Parameters ---------- sym : :class:`~mxnet.symbol.Symbol` MXNet symbol object params : dict of ``str`` to :class:`~mxnet.ndarray.NDArray` Dict of converted parameters stored in ``mxnet.ndarray.NDArray`` format in_shape : List of tuple Input shape of the model e.g [(1,3,224,224)] in_type : data type Input data type e.g. np.float32 verbose : Boolean If true will print logs of the model conversion Returns ------- graph : GraphProto ONNX graph
[ "Convert", "MXNet", "graph", "to", "ONNX", "graph" ]
1af29e9c060a4c7d60eeaacba32afdb9a7775ba7
https://github.com/apache/incubator-mxnet/blob/1af29e9c060a4c7d60eeaacba32afdb9a7775ba7/python/mxnet/contrib/onnx/mx2onnx/export_onnx.py#L164-L313
train
apache/incubator-mxnet
example/ssd/train/train_net.py
get_lr_scheduler
def get_lr_scheduler(learning_rate, lr_refactor_step, lr_refactor_ratio, num_example, batch_size, begin_epoch): """ Compute learning rate and refactor scheduler Parameters: --------- learning_rate : float original learning rate lr_refactor_step : comma separated str epochs to change learning rate lr_refactor_ratio : float lr *= ratio at certain steps num_example : int number of training images, used to estimate the iterations given epochs batch_size : int training batch size begin_epoch : int starting epoch Returns: --------- (learning_rate, mx.lr_scheduler) as tuple """ assert lr_refactor_ratio > 0 iter_refactor = [int(r) for r in lr_refactor_step.split(',') if r.strip()] if lr_refactor_ratio >= 1: return (learning_rate, None) else: lr = learning_rate epoch_size = num_example // batch_size for s in iter_refactor: if begin_epoch >= s: lr *= lr_refactor_ratio if lr != learning_rate: logging.getLogger().info("Adjusted learning rate to {} for epoch {}".format(lr, begin_epoch)) steps = [epoch_size * (x - begin_epoch) for x in iter_refactor if x > begin_epoch] if not steps: return (lr, None) lr_scheduler = mx.lr_scheduler.MultiFactorScheduler(step=steps, factor=lr_refactor_ratio) return (lr, lr_scheduler)
python
def get_lr_scheduler(learning_rate, lr_refactor_step, lr_refactor_ratio, num_example, batch_size, begin_epoch): """ Compute learning rate and refactor scheduler Parameters: --------- learning_rate : float original learning rate lr_refactor_step : comma separated str epochs to change learning rate lr_refactor_ratio : float lr *= ratio at certain steps num_example : int number of training images, used to estimate the iterations given epochs batch_size : int training batch size begin_epoch : int starting epoch Returns: --------- (learning_rate, mx.lr_scheduler) as tuple """ assert lr_refactor_ratio > 0 iter_refactor = [int(r) for r in lr_refactor_step.split(',') if r.strip()] if lr_refactor_ratio >= 1: return (learning_rate, None) else: lr = learning_rate epoch_size = num_example // batch_size for s in iter_refactor: if begin_epoch >= s: lr *= lr_refactor_ratio if lr != learning_rate: logging.getLogger().info("Adjusted learning rate to {} for epoch {}".format(lr, begin_epoch)) steps = [epoch_size * (x - begin_epoch) for x in iter_refactor if x > begin_epoch] if not steps: return (lr, None) lr_scheduler = mx.lr_scheduler.MultiFactorScheduler(step=steps, factor=lr_refactor_ratio) return (lr, lr_scheduler)
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Compute learning rate and refactor scheduler Parameters: --------- learning_rate : float original learning rate lr_refactor_step : comma separated str epochs to change learning rate lr_refactor_ratio : float lr *= ratio at certain steps num_example : int number of training images, used to estimate the iterations given epochs batch_size : int training batch size begin_epoch : int starting epoch Returns: --------- (learning_rate, mx.lr_scheduler) as tuple
[ "Compute", "learning", "rate", "and", "refactor", "scheduler" ]
1af29e9c060a4c7d60eeaacba32afdb9a7775ba7
https://github.com/apache/incubator-mxnet/blob/1af29e9c060a4c7d60eeaacba32afdb9a7775ba7/example/ssd/train/train_net.py#L48-L88
train
apache/incubator-mxnet
example/ssd/train/train_net.py
train_net
def train_net(net, train_path, num_classes, batch_size, data_shape, mean_pixels, resume, finetune, pretrained, epoch, prefix, ctx, begin_epoch, end_epoch, frequent, learning_rate, momentum, weight_decay, lr_refactor_step, lr_refactor_ratio, freeze_layer_pattern='', num_example=10000, label_pad_width=350, nms_thresh=0.45, force_nms=False, ovp_thresh=0.5, use_difficult=False, class_names=None, voc07_metric=False, nms_topk=400, force_suppress=False, train_list="", val_path="", val_list="", iter_monitor=0, monitor_pattern=".*", log_file=None, kv_store=None): """ Wrapper for training phase. Parameters: ---------- net : str symbol name for the network structure train_path : str record file path for training num_classes : int number of object classes, not including background batch_size : int training batch-size data_shape : int or tuple width/height as integer or (3, height, width) tuple mean_pixels : tuple of floats mean pixel values for red, green and blue resume : int resume from previous checkpoint if > 0 finetune : int fine-tune from previous checkpoint if > 0 pretrained : str prefix of pretrained model, including path epoch : int load epoch of either resume/finetune/pretrained model prefix : str prefix for saving checkpoints ctx : [mx.cpu()] or [mx.gpu(x)] list of mxnet contexts begin_epoch : int starting epoch for training, should be 0 if not otherwise specified end_epoch : int end epoch of training frequent : int frequency to print out training status learning_rate : float training learning rate momentum : float trainig momentum weight_decay : float training weight decay param lr_refactor_ratio : float multiplier for reducing learning rate lr_refactor_step : comma separated integers at which epoch to rescale learning rate, e.g. '30, 60, 90' freeze_layer_pattern : str regex pattern for layers need to be fixed num_example : int number of training images label_pad_width : int force padding training and validation labels to sync their label widths nms_thresh : float non-maximum suppression threshold for validation force_nms : boolean suppress overlaped objects from different classes train_list : str list file path for training, this will replace the embeded labels in record val_path : str record file path for validation val_list : str list file path for validation, this will replace the embeded labels in record iter_monitor : int monitor internal stats in networks if > 0, specified by monitor_pattern monitor_pattern : str regex pattern for monitoring network stats log_file : str log to file if enabled """ # set up logger logging.basicConfig() logger = logging.getLogger() logger.setLevel(logging.INFO) if log_file: fh = logging.FileHandler(log_file) logger.addHandler(fh) # check args if isinstance(data_shape, int): data_shape = (3, data_shape, data_shape) assert len(data_shape) == 3 and data_shape[0] == 3 prefix += '_' + net + '_' + str(data_shape[1]) if isinstance(mean_pixels, (int, float)): mean_pixels = [mean_pixels, mean_pixels, mean_pixels] assert len(mean_pixels) == 3, "must provide all RGB mean values" train_iter = DetRecordIter(train_path, batch_size, data_shape, mean_pixels=mean_pixels, label_pad_width=label_pad_width, path_imglist=train_list, **cfg.train) if val_path: val_iter = DetRecordIter(val_path, batch_size, data_shape, mean_pixels=mean_pixels, label_pad_width=label_pad_width, path_imglist=val_list, **cfg.valid) else: val_iter = None # load symbol net = get_symbol_train(net, data_shape[1], num_classes=num_classes, nms_thresh=nms_thresh, force_suppress=force_suppress, nms_topk=nms_topk) # define layers with fixed weight/bias if freeze_layer_pattern.strip(): re_prog = re.compile(freeze_layer_pattern) fixed_param_names = [name for name in net.list_arguments() if re_prog.match(name)] else: fixed_param_names = None # load pretrained or resume from previous state ctx_str = '('+ ','.join([str(c) for c in ctx]) + ')' if resume > 0: logger.info("Resume training with {} from epoch {}" .format(ctx_str, resume)) _, args, auxs = mx.model.load_checkpoint(prefix, resume) begin_epoch = resume elif finetune > 0: logger.info("Start finetuning with {} from epoch {}" .format(ctx_str, finetune)) _, args, auxs = mx.model.load_checkpoint(prefix, finetune) begin_epoch = finetune # the prediction convolution layers name starts with relu, so it's fine fixed_param_names = [name for name in net.list_arguments() \ if name.startswith('conv')] elif pretrained: logger.info("Start training with {} from pretrained model {}" .format(ctx_str, pretrained)) _, args, auxs = mx.model.load_checkpoint(pretrained, epoch) args = convert_pretrained(pretrained, args) else: logger.info("Experimental: start training from scratch with {}" .format(ctx_str)) args = None auxs = None fixed_param_names = None # helper information if fixed_param_names: logger.info("Freezed parameters: [" + ','.join(fixed_param_names) + ']') # init training module mod = mx.mod.Module(net, label_names=('label',), logger=logger, context=ctx, fixed_param_names=fixed_param_names) # fit parameters batch_end_callback = mx.callback.Speedometer(train_iter.batch_size, frequent=frequent) epoch_end_callback = mx.callback.do_checkpoint(prefix) learning_rate, lr_scheduler = get_lr_scheduler(learning_rate, lr_refactor_step, lr_refactor_ratio, num_example, batch_size, begin_epoch) optimizer_params={'learning_rate':learning_rate, 'momentum':momentum, 'wd':weight_decay, 'lr_scheduler':lr_scheduler, 'clip_gradient':None, 'rescale_grad': 1.0 / len(ctx) if len(ctx) > 0 else 1.0 } monitor = mx.mon.Monitor(iter_monitor, pattern=monitor_pattern) if iter_monitor > 0 else None # run fit net, every n epochs we run evaluation network to get mAP if voc07_metric: valid_metric = VOC07MApMetric(ovp_thresh, use_difficult, class_names, pred_idx=3) else: valid_metric = MApMetric(ovp_thresh, use_difficult, class_names, pred_idx=3) # create kvstore when there are gpus kv = mx.kvstore.create(kv_store) if kv_store else None mod.fit(train_iter, val_iter, eval_metric=MultiBoxMetric(), validation_metric=valid_metric, batch_end_callback=batch_end_callback, epoch_end_callback=epoch_end_callback, optimizer='sgd', optimizer_params=optimizer_params, begin_epoch=begin_epoch, num_epoch=end_epoch, initializer=mx.init.Xavier(), arg_params=args, aux_params=auxs, allow_missing=True, monitor=monitor, kvstore=kv)
python
def train_net(net, train_path, num_classes, batch_size, data_shape, mean_pixels, resume, finetune, pretrained, epoch, prefix, ctx, begin_epoch, end_epoch, frequent, learning_rate, momentum, weight_decay, lr_refactor_step, lr_refactor_ratio, freeze_layer_pattern='', num_example=10000, label_pad_width=350, nms_thresh=0.45, force_nms=False, ovp_thresh=0.5, use_difficult=False, class_names=None, voc07_metric=False, nms_topk=400, force_suppress=False, train_list="", val_path="", val_list="", iter_monitor=0, monitor_pattern=".*", log_file=None, kv_store=None): """ Wrapper for training phase. Parameters: ---------- net : str symbol name for the network structure train_path : str record file path for training num_classes : int number of object classes, not including background batch_size : int training batch-size data_shape : int or tuple width/height as integer or (3, height, width) tuple mean_pixels : tuple of floats mean pixel values for red, green and blue resume : int resume from previous checkpoint if > 0 finetune : int fine-tune from previous checkpoint if > 0 pretrained : str prefix of pretrained model, including path epoch : int load epoch of either resume/finetune/pretrained model prefix : str prefix for saving checkpoints ctx : [mx.cpu()] or [mx.gpu(x)] list of mxnet contexts begin_epoch : int starting epoch for training, should be 0 if not otherwise specified end_epoch : int end epoch of training frequent : int frequency to print out training status learning_rate : float training learning rate momentum : float trainig momentum weight_decay : float training weight decay param lr_refactor_ratio : float multiplier for reducing learning rate lr_refactor_step : comma separated integers at which epoch to rescale learning rate, e.g. '30, 60, 90' freeze_layer_pattern : str regex pattern for layers need to be fixed num_example : int number of training images label_pad_width : int force padding training and validation labels to sync their label widths nms_thresh : float non-maximum suppression threshold for validation force_nms : boolean suppress overlaped objects from different classes train_list : str list file path for training, this will replace the embeded labels in record val_path : str record file path for validation val_list : str list file path for validation, this will replace the embeded labels in record iter_monitor : int monitor internal stats in networks if > 0, specified by monitor_pattern monitor_pattern : str regex pattern for monitoring network stats log_file : str log to file if enabled """ # set up logger logging.basicConfig() logger = logging.getLogger() logger.setLevel(logging.INFO) if log_file: fh = logging.FileHandler(log_file) logger.addHandler(fh) # check args if isinstance(data_shape, int): data_shape = (3, data_shape, data_shape) assert len(data_shape) == 3 and data_shape[0] == 3 prefix += '_' + net + '_' + str(data_shape[1]) if isinstance(mean_pixels, (int, float)): mean_pixels = [mean_pixels, mean_pixels, mean_pixels] assert len(mean_pixels) == 3, "must provide all RGB mean values" train_iter = DetRecordIter(train_path, batch_size, data_shape, mean_pixels=mean_pixels, label_pad_width=label_pad_width, path_imglist=train_list, **cfg.train) if val_path: val_iter = DetRecordIter(val_path, batch_size, data_shape, mean_pixels=mean_pixels, label_pad_width=label_pad_width, path_imglist=val_list, **cfg.valid) else: val_iter = None # load symbol net = get_symbol_train(net, data_shape[1], num_classes=num_classes, nms_thresh=nms_thresh, force_suppress=force_suppress, nms_topk=nms_topk) # define layers with fixed weight/bias if freeze_layer_pattern.strip(): re_prog = re.compile(freeze_layer_pattern) fixed_param_names = [name for name in net.list_arguments() if re_prog.match(name)] else: fixed_param_names = None # load pretrained or resume from previous state ctx_str = '('+ ','.join([str(c) for c in ctx]) + ')' if resume > 0: logger.info("Resume training with {} from epoch {}" .format(ctx_str, resume)) _, args, auxs = mx.model.load_checkpoint(prefix, resume) begin_epoch = resume elif finetune > 0: logger.info("Start finetuning with {} from epoch {}" .format(ctx_str, finetune)) _, args, auxs = mx.model.load_checkpoint(prefix, finetune) begin_epoch = finetune # the prediction convolution layers name starts with relu, so it's fine fixed_param_names = [name for name in net.list_arguments() \ if name.startswith('conv')] elif pretrained: logger.info("Start training with {} from pretrained model {}" .format(ctx_str, pretrained)) _, args, auxs = mx.model.load_checkpoint(pretrained, epoch) args = convert_pretrained(pretrained, args) else: logger.info("Experimental: start training from scratch with {}" .format(ctx_str)) args = None auxs = None fixed_param_names = None # helper information if fixed_param_names: logger.info("Freezed parameters: [" + ','.join(fixed_param_names) + ']') # init training module mod = mx.mod.Module(net, label_names=('label',), logger=logger, context=ctx, fixed_param_names=fixed_param_names) # fit parameters batch_end_callback = mx.callback.Speedometer(train_iter.batch_size, frequent=frequent) epoch_end_callback = mx.callback.do_checkpoint(prefix) learning_rate, lr_scheduler = get_lr_scheduler(learning_rate, lr_refactor_step, lr_refactor_ratio, num_example, batch_size, begin_epoch) optimizer_params={'learning_rate':learning_rate, 'momentum':momentum, 'wd':weight_decay, 'lr_scheduler':lr_scheduler, 'clip_gradient':None, 'rescale_grad': 1.0 / len(ctx) if len(ctx) > 0 else 1.0 } monitor = mx.mon.Monitor(iter_monitor, pattern=monitor_pattern) if iter_monitor > 0 else None # run fit net, every n epochs we run evaluation network to get mAP if voc07_metric: valid_metric = VOC07MApMetric(ovp_thresh, use_difficult, class_names, pred_idx=3) else: valid_metric = MApMetric(ovp_thresh, use_difficult, class_names, pred_idx=3) # create kvstore when there are gpus kv = mx.kvstore.create(kv_store) if kv_store else None mod.fit(train_iter, val_iter, eval_metric=MultiBoxMetric(), validation_metric=valid_metric, batch_end_callback=batch_end_callback, epoch_end_callback=epoch_end_callback, optimizer='sgd', optimizer_params=optimizer_params, begin_epoch=begin_epoch, num_epoch=end_epoch, initializer=mx.init.Xavier(), arg_params=args, aux_params=auxs, allow_missing=True, monitor=monitor, kvstore=kv)
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Wrapper for training phase. Parameters: ---------- net : str symbol name for the network structure train_path : str record file path for training num_classes : int number of object classes, not including background batch_size : int training batch-size data_shape : int or tuple width/height as integer or (3, height, width) tuple mean_pixels : tuple of floats mean pixel values for red, green and blue resume : int resume from previous checkpoint if > 0 finetune : int fine-tune from previous checkpoint if > 0 pretrained : str prefix of pretrained model, including path epoch : int load epoch of either resume/finetune/pretrained model prefix : str prefix for saving checkpoints ctx : [mx.cpu()] or [mx.gpu(x)] list of mxnet contexts begin_epoch : int starting epoch for training, should be 0 if not otherwise specified end_epoch : int end epoch of training frequent : int frequency to print out training status learning_rate : float training learning rate momentum : float trainig momentum weight_decay : float training weight decay param lr_refactor_ratio : float multiplier for reducing learning rate lr_refactor_step : comma separated integers at which epoch to rescale learning rate, e.g. '30, 60, 90' freeze_layer_pattern : str regex pattern for layers need to be fixed num_example : int number of training images label_pad_width : int force padding training and validation labels to sync their label widths nms_thresh : float non-maximum suppression threshold for validation force_nms : boolean suppress overlaped objects from different classes train_list : str list file path for training, this will replace the embeded labels in record val_path : str record file path for validation val_list : str list file path for validation, this will replace the embeded labels in record iter_monitor : int monitor internal stats in networks if > 0, specified by monitor_pattern monitor_pattern : str regex pattern for monitoring network stats log_file : str log to file if enabled
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1af29e9c060a4c7d60eeaacba32afdb9a7775ba7
https://github.com/apache/incubator-mxnet/blob/1af29e9c060a4c7d60eeaacba32afdb9a7775ba7/example/ssd/train/train_net.py#L90-L279
train
slundberg/shap
shap/datasets.py
imagenet50
def imagenet50(display=False, resolution=224): """ This is a set of 50 images representative of ImageNet images. This dataset was collected by randomly finding a working ImageNet link and then pasting the original ImageNet image into Google image search restricted to images licensed for reuse. A similar image (now with rights to reuse) was downloaded as a rough replacment for the original ImageNet image. The point is to have a random sample of ImageNet for use as a background distribution for explaining models trained on ImageNet data. Note that because the images are only rough replacements the labels might no longer be correct. """ prefix = github_data_url + "imagenet50_" X = np.load(cache(prefix + "%sx%s.npy" % (resolution, resolution))).astype(np.float32) y = np.loadtxt(cache(prefix + "labels.csv")) return X, y
python
def imagenet50(display=False, resolution=224): """ This is a set of 50 images representative of ImageNet images. This dataset was collected by randomly finding a working ImageNet link and then pasting the original ImageNet image into Google image search restricted to images licensed for reuse. A similar image (now with rights to reuse) was downloaded as a rough replacment for the original ImageNet image. The point is to have a random sample of ImageNet for use as a background distribution for explaining models trained on ImageNet data. Note that because the images are only rough replacements the labels might no longer be correct. """ prefix = github_data_url + "imagenet50_" X = np.load(cache(prefix + "%sx%s.npy" % (resolution, resolution))).astype(np.float32) y = np.loadtxt(cache(prefix + "labels.csv")) return X, y
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This is a set of 50 images representative of ImageNet images. This dataset was collected by randomly finding a working ImageNet link and then pasting the original ImageNet image into Google image search restricted to images licensed for reuse. A similar image (now with rights to reuse) was downloaded as a rough replacment for the original ImageNet image. The point is to have a random sample of ImageNet for use as a background distribution for explaining models trained on ImageNet data. Note that because the images are only rough replacements the labels might no longer be correct.
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b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/datasets.py#L13-L28
train
slundberg/shap
shap/datasets.py
boston
def boston(display=False): """ Return the boston housing data in a nice package. """ d = sklearn.datasets.load_boston() df = pd.DataFrame(data=d.data, columns=d.feature_names) # pylint: disable=E1101 return df, d.target
python
def boston(display=False): """ Return the boston housing data in a nice package. """ d = sklearn.datasets.load_boston() df = pd.DataFrame(data=d.data, columns=d.feature_names) # pylint: disable=E1101 return df, d.target
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Return the boston housing data in a nice package.
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b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/datasets.py#L30-L35
train
slundberg/shap
shap/datasets.py
imdb
def imdb(display=False): """ Return the clssic IMDB sentiment analysis training data in a nice package. Full data is at: http://ai.stanford.edu/~amaas/data/sentiment/aclImdb_v1.tar.gz Paper to cite when using the data is: http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1015 """ with open(cache(github_data_url + "imdb_train.txt")) as f: data = f.readlines() y = np.ones(25000, dtype=np.bool) y[:12500] = 0 return data, y
python
def imdb(display=False): """ Return the clssic IMDB sentiment analysis training data in a nice package. Full data is at: http://ai.stanford.edu/~amaas/data/sentiment/aclImdb_v1.tar.gz Paper to cite when using the data is: http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1015 """ with open(cache(github_data_url + "imdb_train.txt")) as f: data = f.readlines() y = np.ones(25000, dtype=np.bool) y[:12500] = 0 return data, y
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Return the clssic IMDB sentiment analysis training data in a nice package. Full data is at: http://ai.stanford.edu/~amaas/data/sentiment/aclImdb_v1.tar.gz Paper to cite when using the data is: http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1015
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b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/datasets.py#L37-L48
train
slundberg/shap
shap/datasets.py
communitiesandcrime
def communitiesandcrime(display=False): """ Predict total number of non-violent crimes per 100K popuation. This dataset is from the classic UCI Machine Learning repository: https://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/datasets/Communities+and+Crime+Unnormalized """ raw_data = pd.read_csv( cache(github_data_url + "CommViolPredUnnormalizedData.txt"), na_values="?" ) # find the indices where the total violent crimes are known valid_inds = np.where(np.invert(np.isnan(raw_data.iloc[:,-2])))[0] y = np.array(raw_data.iloc[valid_inds,-2], dtype=np.float) # extract the predictive features and remove columns with missing values X = raw_data.iloc[valid_inds,5:-18] valid_cols = np.where(np.isnan(X.values).sum(0) == 0)[0] X = X.iloc[:,valid_cols] return X, y
python
def communitiesandcrime(display=False): """ Predict total number of non-violent crimes per 100K popuation. This dataset is from the classic UCI Machine Learning repository: https://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/datasets/Communities+and+Crime+Unnormalized """ raw_data = pd.read_csv( cache(github_data_url + "CommViolPredUnnormalizedData.txt"), na_values="?" ) # find the indices where the total violent crimes are known valid_inds = np.where(np.invert(np.isnan(raw_data.iloc[:,-2])))[0] y = np.array(raw_data.iloc[valid_inds,-2], dtype=np.float) # extract the predictive features and remove columns with missing values X = raw_data.iloc[valid_inds,5:-18] valid_cols = np.where(np.isnan(X.values).sum(0) == 0)[0] X = X.iloc[:,valid_cols] return X, y
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Predict total number of non-violent crimes per 100K popuation. This dataset is from the classic UCI Machine Learning repository: https://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/datasets/Communities+and+Crime+Unnormalized
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b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/datasets.py#L50-L71
train
slundberg/shap
shap/datasets.py
diabetes
def diabetes(display=False): """ Return the diabetes data in a nice package. """ d = sklearn.datasets.load_diabetes() df = pd.DataFrame(data=d.data, columns=d.feature_names) # pylint: disable=E1101 return df, d.target
python
def diabetes(display=False): """ Return the diabetes data in a nice package. """ d = sklearn.datasets.load_diabetes() df = pd.DataFrame(data=d.data, columns=d.feature_names) # pylint: disable=E1101 return df, d.target
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Return the diabetes data in a nice package.
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b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/datasets.py#L73-L78
train
slundberg/shap
shap/datasets.py
iris
def iris(display=False): """ Return the classic iris data in a nice package. """ d = sklearn.datasets.load_iris() df = pd.DataFrame(data=d.data, columns=d.feature_names) # pylint: disable=E1101 if display: return df, [d.target_names[v] for v in d.target] # pylint: disable=E1101 else: return df, d.target
python
def iris(display=False): """ Return the classic iris data in a nice package. """ d = sklearn.datasets.load_iris() df = pd.DataFrame(data=d.data, columns=d.feature_names) # pylint: disable=E1101 if display: return df, [d.target_names[v] for v in d.target] # pylint: disable=E1101 else: return df, d.target
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Return the classic iris data in a nice package.
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b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/datasets.py#L81-L89
train
slundberg/shap
shap/datasets.py
adult
def adult(display=False): """ Return the Adult census data in a nice package. """ dtypes = [ ("Age", "float32"), ("Workclass", "category"), ("fnlwgt", "float32"), ("Education", "category"), ("Education-Num", "float32"), ("Marital Status", "category"), ("Occupation", "category"), ("Relationship", "category"), ("Race", "category"), ("Sex", "category"), ("Capital Gain", "float32"), ("Capital Loss", "float32"), ("Hours per week", "float32"), ("Country", "category"), ("Target", "category") ] raw_data = pd.read_csv( cache(github_data_url + "adult.data"), names=[d[0] for d in dtypes], na_values="?", dtype=dict(dtypes) ) data = raw_data.drop(["Education"], axis=1) # redundant with Education-Num filt_dtypes = list(filter(lambda x: not (x[0] in ["Target", "Education"]), dtypes)) data["Target"] = data["Target"] == " >50K" rcode = { "Not-in-family": 0, "Unmarried": 1, "Other-relative": 2, "Own-child": 3, "Husband": 4, "Wife": 5 } for k, dtype in filt_dtypes: if dtype == "category": if k == "Relationship": data[k] = np.array([rcode[v.strip()] for v in data[k]]) else: data[k] = data[k].cat.codes if display: return raw_data.drop(["Education", "Target", "fnlwgt"], axis=1), data["Target"].values else: return data.drop(["Target", "fnlwgt"], axis=1), data["Target"].values
python
def adult(display=False): """ Return the Adult census data in a nice package. """ dtypes = [ ("Age", "float32"), ("Workclass", "category"), ("fnlwgt", "float32"), ("Education", "category"), ("Education-Num", "float32"), ("Marital Status", "category"), ("Occupation", "category"), ("Relationship", "category"), ("Race", "category"), ("Sex", "category"), ("Capital Gain", "float32"), ("Capital Loss", "float32"), ("Hours per week", "float32"), ("Country", "category"), ("Target", "category") ] raw_data = pd.read_csv( cache(github_data_url + "adult.data"), names=[d[0] for d in dtypes], na_values="?", dtype=dict(dtypes) ) data = raw_data.drop(["Education"], axis=1) # redundant with Education-Num filt_dtypes = list(filter(lambda x: not (x[0] in ["Target", "Education"]), dtypes)) data["Target"] = data["Target"] == " >50K" rcode = { "Not-in-family": 0, "Unmarried": 1, "Other-relative": 2, "Own-child": 3, "Husband": 4, "Wife": 5 } for k, dtype in filt_dtypes: if dtype == "category": if k == "Relationship": data[k] = np.array([rcode[v.strip()] for v in data[k]]) else: data[k] = data[k].cat.codes if display: return raw_data.drop(["Education", "Target", "fnlwgt"], axis=1), data["Target"].values else: return data.drop(["Target", "fnlwgt"], axis=1), data["Target"].values
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Return the Adult census data in a nice package.
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b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/datasets.py#L92-L128
train
slundberg/shap
shap/datasets.py
nhanesi
def nhanesi(display=False): """ A nicely packaged version of NHANES I data with surivival times as labels. """ X = pd.read_csv(cache(github_data_url + "NHANESI_subset_X.csv")) y = pd.read_csv(cache(github_data_url + "NHANESI_subset_y.csv"))["y"] if display: X_display = X.copy() X_display["Sex"] = ["Male" if v == 1 else "Female" for v in X["Sex"]] return X_display, np.array(y) else: return X, np.array(y)
python
def nhanesi(display=False): """ A nicely packaged version of NHANES I data with surivival times as labels. """ X = pd.read_csv(cache(github_data_url + "NHANESI_subset_X.csv")) y = pd.read_csv(cache(github_data_url + "NHANESI_subset_y.csv"))["y"] if display: X_display = X.copy() X_display["Sex"] = ["Male" if v == 1 else "Female" for v in X["Sex"]] return X_display, np.array(y) else: return X, np.array(y)
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A nicely packaged version of NHANES I data with surivival times as labels.
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b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/datasets.py#L131-L141
train
slundberg/shap
shap/datasets.py
cric
def cric(display=False): """ A nicely packaged version of CRIC data with progression to ESRD within 4 years as the label. """ X = pd.read_csv(cache(github_data_url + "CRIC_time_4yearESRD_X.csv")) y = np.loadtxt(cache(github_data_url + "CRIC_time_4yearESRD_y.csv")) if display: X_display = X.copy() return X_display, y else: return X, y
python
def cric(display=False): """ A nicely packaged version of CRIC data with progression to ESRD within 4 years as the label. """ X = pd.read_csv(cache(github_data_url + "CRIC_time_4yearESRD_X.csv")) y = np.loadtxt(cache(github_data_url + "CRIC_time_4yearESRD_y.csv")) if display: X_display = X.copy() return X_display, y else: return X, y
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A nicely packaged version of CRIC data with progression to ESRD within 4 years as the label.
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b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/datasets.py#L143-L152
train
slundberg/shap
shap/datasets.py
corrgroups60
def corrgroups60(display=False): """ Correlated Groups 60 A simulated dataset with tight correlations among distinct groups of features. """ # set a constant seed old_seed = np.random.seed() np.random.seed(0) # generate dataset with known correlation N = 1000 M = 60 # set one coefficent from each group of 3 to 1 beta = np.zeros(M) beta[0:30:3] = 1 # build a correlation matrix with groups of 3 tightly correlated features C = np.eye(M) for i in range(0,30,3): C[i,i+1] = C[i+1,i] = 0.99 C[i,i+2] = C[i+2,i] = 0.99 C[i+1,i+2] = C[i+2,i+1] = 0.99 f = lambda X: np.matmul(X, beta) # Make sure the sample correlation is a perfect match X_start = np.random.randn(N, M) X_centered = X_start - X_start.mean(0) Sigma = np.matmul(X_centered.T, X_centered) / X_centered.shape[0] W = np.linalg.cholesky(np.linalg.inv(Sigma)).T X_white = np.matmul(X_centered, W.T) assert np.linalg.norm(np.corrcoef(np.matmul(X_centered, W.T).T) - np.eye(M)) < 1e-6 # ensure this decorrelates the data # create the final data X_final = np.matmul(X_white, np.linalg.cholesky(C).T) X = X_final y = f(X) + np.random.randn(N) * 1e-2 # restore the previous numpy random seed np.random.seed(old_seed) return pd.DataFrame(X), y
python
def corrgroups60(display=False): """ Correlated Groups 60 A simulated dataset with tight correlations among distinct groups of features. """ # set a constant seed old_seed = np.random.seed() np.random.seed(0) # generate dataset with known correlation N = 1000 M = 60 # set one coefficent from each group of 3 to 1 beta = np.zeros(M) beta[0:30:3] = 1 # build a correlation matrix with groups of 3 tightly correlated features C = np.eye(M) for i in range(0,30,3): C[i,i+1] = C[i+1,i] = 0.99 C[i,i+2] = C[i+2,i] = 0.99 C[i+1,i+2] = C[i+2,i+1] = 0.99 f = lambda X: np.matmul(X, beta) # Make sure the sample correlation is a perfect match X_start = np.random.randn(N, M) X_centered = X_start - X_start.mean(0) Sigma = np.matmul(X_centered.T, X_centered) / X_centered.shape[0] W = np.linalg.cholesky(np.linalg.inv(Sigma)).T X_white = np.matmul(X_centered, W.T) assert np.linalg.norm(np.corrcoef(np.matmul(X_centered, W.T).T) - np.eye(M)) < 1e-6 # ensure this decorrelates the data # create the final data X_final = np.matmul(X_white, np.linalg.cholesky(C).T) X = X_final y = f(X) + np.random.randn(N) * 1e-2 # restore the previous numpy random seed np.random.seed(old_seed) return pd.DataFrame(X), y
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Correlated Groups 60 A simulated dataset with tight correlations among distinct groups of features.
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b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/datasets.py#L155-L197
train
slundberg/shap
shap/datasets.py
independentlinear60
def independentlinear60(display=False): """ A simulated dataset with tight correlations among distinct groups of features. """ # set a constant seed old_seed = np.random.seed() np.random.seed(0) # generate dataset with known correlation N = 1000 M = 60 # set one coefficent from each group of 3 to 1 beta = np.zeros(M) beta[0:30:3] = 1 f = lambda X: np.matmul(X, beta) # Make sure the sample correlation is a perfect match X_start = np.random.randn(N, M) X = X_start - X_start.mean(0) y = f(X) + np.random.randn(N) * 1e-2 # restore the previous numpy random seed np.random.seed(old_seed) return pd.DataFrame(X), y
python
def independentlinear60(display=False): """ A simulated dataset with tight correlations among distinct groups of features. """ # set a constant seed old_seed = np.random.seed() np.random.seed(0) # generate dataset with known correlation N = 1000 M = 60 # set one coefficent from each group of 3 to 1 beta = np.zeros(M) beta[0:30:3] = 1 f = lambda X: np.matmul(X, beta) # Make sure the sample correlation is a perfect match X_start = np.random.randn(N, M) X = X_start - X_start.mean(0) y = f(X) + np.random.randn(N) * 1e-2 # restore the previous numpy random seed np.random.seed(old_seed) return pd.DataFrame(X), y
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A simulated dataset with tight correlations among distinct groups of features.
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b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/datasets.py#L200-L225
train
slundberg/shap
shap/datasets.py
rank
def rank(): """ Ranking datasets from lightgbm repository. """ rank_data_url = 'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Microsoft/LightGBM/master/examples/lambdarank/' x_train, y_train = sklearn.datasets.load_svmlight_file(cache(rank_data_url + 'rank.train')) x_test, y_test = sklearn.datasets.load_svmlight_file(cache(rank_data_url + 'rank.test')) q_train = np.loadtxt(cache(rank_data_url + 'rank.train.query')) q_test = np.loadtxt(cache(rank_data_url + 'rank.test.query')) return x_train, y_train, x_test, y_test, q_train, q_test
python
def rank(): """ Ranking datasets from lightgbm repository. """ rank_data_url = 'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Microsoft/LightGBM/master/examples/lambdarank/' x_train, y_train = sklearn.datasets.load_svmlight_file(cache(rank_data_url + 'rank.train')) x_test, y_test = sklearn.datasets.load_svmlight_file(cache(rank_data_url + 'rank.test')) q_train = np.loadtxt(cache(rank_data_url + 'rank.train.query')) q_test = np.loadtxt(cache(rank_data_url + 'rank.test.query')) return x_train, y_train, x_test, y_test, q_train, q_test
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Ranking datasets from lightgbm repository.
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b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/datasets.py#L234-L242
train
slundberg/shap
shap/benchmark/measures.py
batch_remove_retrain
def batch_remove_retrain(nmask_train, nmask_test, X_train, y_train, X_test, y_test, attr_train, attr_test, model_generator, metric): """ An approximation of holdout that only retraines the model once. This is alse called ROAR (RemOve And Retrain) in work by Google. It is much more computationally efficient that the holdout method because it masks the most important features in every sample and then retrains the model once, instead of retraining the model for every test sample like the holdout metric. """ warnings.warn("The retrain based measures can incorrectly evaluate models in some cases!") X_train, X_test = to_array(X_train, X_test) # how many features to mask assert X_train.shape[1] == X_test.shape[1] # mask nmask top features for each explanation X_train_tmp = X_train.copy() X_train_mean = X_train.mean(0) tie_breaking_noise = const_rand(X_train.shape[1]) * 1e-6 for i in range(len(y_train)): if nmask_train[i] > 0: ordering = np.argsort(-attr_train[i, :] + tie_breaking_noise) X_train_tmp[i, ordering[:nmask_train[i]]] = X_train_mean[ordering[:nmask_train[i]]] X_test_tmp = X_test.copy() for i in range(len(y_test)): if nmask_test[i] > 0: ordering = np.argsort(-attr_test[i, :] + tie_breaking_noise) X_test_tmp[i, ordering[:nmask_test[i]]] = X_train_mean[ordering[:nmask_test[i]]] # train the model with all the given features masked model_masked = model_generator() model_masked.fit(X_train_tmp, y_train) yp_test_masked = model_masked.predict(X_test_tmp) return metric(y_test, yp_test_masked)
python
def batch_remove_retrain(nmask_train, nmask_test, X_train, y_train, X_test, y_test, attr_train, attr_test, model_generator, metric): """ An approximation of holdout that only retraines the model once. This is alse called ROAR (RemOve And Retrain) in work by Google. It is much more computationally efficient that the holdout method because it masks the most important features in every sample and then retrains the model once, instead of retraining the model for every test sample like the holdout metric. """ warnings.warn("The retrain based measures can incorrectly evaluate models in some cases!") X_train, X_test = to_array(X_train, X_test) # how many features to mask assert X_train.shape[1] == X_test.shape[1] # mask nmask top features for each explanation X_train_tmp = X_train.copy() X_train_mean = X_train.mean(0) tie_breaking_noise = const_rand(X_train.shape[1]) * 1e-6 for i in range(len(y_train)): if nmask_train[i] > 0: ordering = np.argsort(-attr_train[i, :] + tie_breaking_noise) X_train_tmp[i, ordering[:nmask_train[i]]] = X_train_mean[ordering[:nmask_train[i]]] X_test_tmp = X_test.copy() for i in range(len(y_test)): if nmask_test[i] > 0: ordering = np.argsort(-attr_test[i, :] + tie_breaking_noise) X_test_tmp[i, ordering[:nmask_test[i]]] = X_train_mean[ordering[:nmask_test[i]]] # train the model with all the given features masked model_masked = model_generator() model_masked.fit(X_train_tmp, y_train) yp_test_masked = model_masked.predict(X_test_tmp) return metric(y_test, yp_test_masked)
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An approximation of holdout that only retraines the model once. This is alse called ROAR (RemOve And Retrain) in work by Google. It is much more computationally efficient that the holdout method because it masks the most important features in every sample and then retrains the model once, instead of retraining the model for every test sample like the holdout metric.
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b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/benchmark/measures.py#L158-L193
train
slundberg/shap
shap/benchmark/measures.py
keep_retrain
def keep_retrain(nkeep, X_train, y_train, X_test, y_test, attr_test, model_generator, metric, trained_model, random_state): """ The model is retrained for each test sample with the non-important features set to a constant. If you want to know how important a set of features is you can ask how the model would be different if only those features had existed. To determine this we can mask the other features across the entire training and test datasets, then retrain the model. If we apply compare the output of this retrained model to the original model we can see the effect produced by only knowning the important features. Since for individualized explanation methods each test sample has a different set of most important features we need to retrain the model for every test sample to get the change in model performance when a specified fraction of the most important features are retained. """ warnings.warn("The retrain based measures can incorrectly evaluate models in some cases!") # see if we match the last cached call global _keep_cache args = (X_train, y_train, X_test, y_test, model_generator, metric) cache_match = False if "args" in _keep_cache: if all(a is b for a,b in zip(_keep_cache["args"], args)) and np.all(_keep_cache["attr_test"] == attr_test): cache_match = True X_train, X_test = to_array(X_train, X_test) # how many features to mask assert X_train.shape[1] == X_test.shape[1] # this is the model we will retrain many times model_masked = model_generator() # keep nkeep top features and re-train the model for each test explanation X_train_tmp = np.zeros(X_train.shape) X_test_tmp = np.zeros(X_test.shape) yp_masked_test = np.zeros(y_test.shape) tie_breaking_noise = const_rand(X_train.shape[1]) * 1e-6 last_nkeep = _keep_cache.get("nkeep", None) last_yp_masked_test = _keep_cache.get("yp_masked_test", None) for i in tqdm(range(len(y_test)), "Retraining for the 'keep' metric"): if cache_match and last_nkeep[i] == nkeep[i]: yp_masked_test[i] = last_yp_masked_test[i] elif nkeep[i] == attr_test.shape[1]: yp_masked_test[i] = trained_model.predict(X_test[i:i+1])[0] else: # mask out the most important features for this test instance X_train_tmp[:] = X_train X_test_tmp[:] = X_test ordering = np.argsort(-attr_test[i,:] + tie_breaking_noise) X_train_tmp[:,ordering[nkeep[i]:]] = X_train[:,ordering[nkeep[i]:]].mean() X_test_tmp[i,ordering[nkeep[i]:]] = X_train[:,ordering[nkeep[i]:]].mean() # retrain the model and make a prediction model_masked.fit(X_train_tmp, y_train) yp_masked_test[i] = model_masked.predict(X_test_tmp[i:i+1])[0] # save our results so the next call to us can be faster when there is redundancy _keep_cache["nkeep"] = nkeep _keep_cache["yp_masked_test"] = yp_masked_test _keep_cache["attr_test"] = attr_test _keep_cache["args"] = args return metric(y_test, yp_masked_test)
python
def keep_retrain(nkeep, X_train, y_train, X_test, y_test, attr_test, model_generator, metric, trained_model, random_state): """ The model is retrained for each test sample with the non-important features set to a constant. If you want to know how important a set of features is you can ask how the model would be different if only those features had existed. To determine this we can mask the other features across the entire training and test datasets, then retrain the model. If we apply compare the output of this retrained model to the original model we can see the effect produced by only knowning the important features. Since for individualized explanation methods each test sample has a different set of most important features we need to retrain the model for every test sample to get the change in model performance when a specified fraction of the most important features are retained. """ warnings.warn("The retrain based measures can incorrectly evaluate models in some cases!") # see if we match the last cached call global _keep_cache args = (X_train, y_train, X_test, y_test, model_generator, metric) cache_match = False if "args" in _keep_cache: if all(a is b for a,b in zip(_keep_cache["args"], args)) and np.all(_keep_cache["attr_test"] == attr_test): cache_match = True X_train, X_test = to_array(X_train, X_test) # how many features to mask assert X_train.shape[1] == X_test.shape[1] # this is the model we will retrain many times model_masked = model_generator() # keep nkeep top features and re-train the model for each test explanation X_train_tmp = np.zeros(X_train.shape) X_test_tmp = np.zeros(X_test.shape) yp_masked_test = np.zeros(y_test.shape) tie_breaking_noise = const_rand(X_train.shape[1]) * 1e-6 last_nkeep = _keep_cache.get("nkeep", None) last_yp_masked_test = _keep_cache.get("yp_masked_test", None) for i in tqdm(range(len(y_test)), "Retraining for the 'keep' metric"): if cache_match and last_nkeep[i] == nkeep[i]: yp_masked_test[i] = last_yp_masked_test[i] elif nkeep[i] == attr_test.shape[1]: yp_masked_test[i] = trained_model.predict(X_test[i:i+1])[0] else: # mask out the most important features for this test instance X_train_tmp[:] = X_train X_test_tmp[:] = X_test ordering = np.argsort(-attr_test[i,:] + tie_breaking_noise) X_train_tmp[:,ordering[nkeep[i]:]] = X_train[:,ordering[nkeep[i]:]].mean() X_test_tmp[i,ordering[nkeep[i]:]] = X_train[:,ordering[nkeep[i]:]].mean() # retrain the model and make a prediction model_masked.fit(X_train_tmp, y_train) yp_masked_test[i] = model_masked.predict(X_test_tmp[i:i+1])[0] # save our results so the next call to us can be faster when there is redundancy _keep_cache["nkeep"] = nkeep _keep_cache["yp_masked_test"] = yp_masked_test _keep_cache["attr_test"] = attr_test _keep_cache["args"] = args return metric(y_test, yp_masked_test)
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The model is retrained for each test sample with the non-important features set to a constant. If you want to know how important a set of features is you can ask how the model would be different if only those features had existed. To determine this we can mask the other features across the entire training and test datasets, then retrain the model. If we apply compare the output of this retrained model to the original model we can see the effect produced by only knowning the important features. Since for individualized explanation methods each test sample has a different set of most important features we need to retrain the model for every test sample to get the change in model performance when a specified fraction of the most important features are retained.
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b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/benchmark/measures.py#L196-L258
train
slundberg/shap
shap/benchmark/measures.py
keep_mask
def keep_mask(nkeep, X_train, y_train, X_test, y_test, attr_test, model_generator, metric, trained_model, random_state): """ The model is revaluated for each test sample with the non-important features set to their mean. """ X_train, X_test = to_array(X_train, X_test) # how many features to mask assert X_train.shape[1] == X_test.shape[1] # keep nkeep top features for each test explanation X_test_tmp = X_test.copy() yp_masked_test = np.zeros(y_test.shape) tie_breaking_noise = const_rand(X_train.shape[1], random_state) * 1e-6 mean_vals = X_train.mean(0) for i in range(len(y_test)): if nkeep[i] < X_test.shape[1]: ordering = np.argsort(-attr_test[i,:] + tie_breaking_noise) X_test_tmp[i,ordering[nkeep[i]:]] = mean_vals[ordering[nkeep[i]:]] yp_masked_test = trained_model.predict(X_test_tmp) return metric(y_test, yp_masked_test)
python
def keep_mask(nkeep, X_train, y_train, X_test, y_test, attr_test, model_generator, metric, trained_model, random_state): """ The model is revaluated for each test sample with the non-important features set to their mean. """ X_train, X_test = to_array(X_train, X_test) # how many features to mask assert X_train.shape[1] == X_test.shape[1] # keep nkeep top features for each test explanation X_test_tmp = X_test.copy() yp_masked_test = np.zeros(y_test.shape) tie_breaking_noise = const_rand(X_train.shape[1], random_state) * 1e-6 mean_vals = X_train.mean(0) for i in range(len(y_test)): if nkeep[i] < X_test.shape[1]: ordering = np.argsort(-attr_test[i,:] + tie_breaking_noise) X_test_tmp[i,ordering[nkeep[i]:]] = mean_vals[ordering[nkeep[i]:]] yp_masked_test = trained_model.predict(X_test_tmp) return metric(y_test, yp_masked_test)
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The model is revaluated for each test sample with the non-important features set to their mean.
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b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/benchmark/measures.py#L260-L281
train
slundberg/shap
shap/benchmark/measures.py
keep_impute
def keep_impute(nkeep, X_train, y_train, X_test, y_test, attr_test, model_generator, metric, trained_model, random_state): """ The model is revaluated for each test sample with the non-important features set to an imputed value. Note that the imputation is done using a multivariate normality assumption on the dataset. This depends on being able to estimate the full data covariance matrix (and inverse) accuractly. So X_train.shape[0] should be significantly bigger than X_train.shape[1]. """ X_train, X_test = to_array(X_train, X_test) # how many features to mask assert X_train.shape[1] == X_test.shape[1] # keep nkeep top features for each test explanation C = np.cov(X_train.T) C += np.eye(C.shape[0]) * 1e-6 X_test_tmp = X_test.copy() yp_masked_test = np.zeros(y_test.shape) tie_breaking_noise = const_rand(X_train.shape[1], random_state) * 1e-6 mean_vals = X_train.mean(0) for i in range(len(y_test)): if nkeep[i] < X_test.shape[1]: ordering = np.argsort(-attr_test[i,:] + tie_breaking_noise) observe_inds = ordering[:nkeep[i]] impute_inds = ordering[nkeep[i]:] # impute missing data assuming it follows a multivariate normal distribution Coo_inv = np.linalg.inv(C[observe_inds,:][:,observe_inds]) Cio = C[impute_inds,:][:,observe_inds] impute = mean_vals[impute_inds] + Cio @ Coo_inv @ (X_test[i, observe_inds] - mean_vals[observe_inds]) X_test_tmp[i, impute_inds] = impute yp_masked_test = trained_model.predict(X_test_tmp) return metric(y_test, yp_masked_test)
python
def keep_impute(nkeep, X_train, y_train, X_test, y_test, attr_test, model_generator, metric, trained_model, random_state): """ The model is revaluated for each test sample with the non-important features set to an imputed value. Note that the imputation is done using a multivariate normality assumption on the dataset. This depends on being able to estimate the full data covariance matrix (and inverse) accuractly. So X_train.shape[0] should be significantly bigger than X_train.shape[1]. """ X_train, X_test = to_array(X_train, X_test) # how many features to mask assert X_train.shape[1] == X_test.shape[1] # keep nkeep top features for each test explanation C = np.cov(X_train.T) C += np.eye(C.shape[0]) * 1e-6 X_test_tmp = X_test.copy() yp_masked_test = np.zeros(y_test.shape) tie_breaking_noise = const_rand(X_train.shape[1], random_state) * 1e-6 mean_vals = X_train.mean(0) for i in range(len(y_test)): if nkeep[i] < X_test.shape[1]: ordering = np.argsort(-attr_test[i,:] + tie_breaking_noise) observe_inds = ordering[:nkeep[i]] impute_inds = ordering[nkeep[i]:] # impute missing data assuming it follows a multivariate normal distribution Coo_inv = np.linalg.inv(C[observe_inds,:][:,observe_inds]) Cio = C[impute_inds,:][:,observe_inds] impute = mean_vals[impute_inds] + Cio @ Coo_inv @ (X_test[i, observe_inds] - mean_vals[observe_inds]) X_test_tmp[i, impute_inds] = impute yp_masked_test = trained_model.predict(X_test_tmp) return metric(y_test, yp_masked_test)
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b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/benchmark/measures.py#L283-L318
train
slundberg/shap
shap/benchmark/measures.py
keep_resample
def keep_resample(nkeep, X_train, y_train, X_test, y_test, attr_test, model_generator, metric, trained_model, random_state): """ The model is revaluated for each test sample with the non-important features set to resample background values. """ # why broken? overwriting? X_train, X_test = to_array(X_train, X_test) # how many features to mask assert X_train.shape[1] == X_test.shape[1] # how many samples to take nsamples = 100 # keep nkeep top features for each test explanation N,M = X_test.shape X_test_tmp = np.tile(X_test, [1, nsamples]).reshape(nsamples * N, M) tie_breaking_noise = const_rand(M) * 1e-6 inds = sklearn.utils.resample(np.arange(N), n_samples=nsamples, random_state=random_state) for i in range(N): if nkeep[i] < M: ordering = np.argsort(-attr_test[i,:] + tie_breaking_noise) X_test_tmp[i*nsamples:(i+1)*nsamples, ordering[nkeep[i]:]] = X_train[inds, :][:, ordering[nkeep[i]:]] yp_masked_test = trained_model.predict(X_test_tmp) yp_masked_test = np.reshape(yp_masked_test, (N, nsamples)).mean(1) # take the mean output over all samples return metric(y_test, yp_masked_test)
python
def keep_resample(nkeep, X_train, y_train, X_test, y_test, attr_test, model_generator, metric, trained_model, random_state): """ The model is revaluated for each test sample with the non-important features set to resample background values. """ # why broken? overwriting? X_train, X_test = to_array(X_train, X_test) # how many features to mask assert X_train.shape[1] == X_test.shape[1] # how many samples to take nsamples = 100 # keep nkeep top features for each test explanation N,M = X_test.shape X_test_tmp = np.tile(X_test, [1, nsamples]).reshape(nsamples * N, M) tie_breaking_noise = const_rand(M) * 1e-6 inds = sklearn.utils.resample(np.arange(N), n_samples=nsamples, random_state=random_state) for i in range(N): if nkeep[i] < M: ordering = np.argsort(-attr_test[i,:] + tie_breaking_noise) X_test_tmp[i*nsamples:(i+1)*nsamples, ordering[nkeep[i]:]] = X_train[inds, :][:, ordering[nkeep[i]:]] yp_masked_test = trained_model.predict(X_test_tmp) yp_masked_test = np.reshape(yp_masked_test, (N, nsamples)).mean(1) # take the mean output over all samples return metric(y_test, yp_masked_test)
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The model is revaluated for each test sample with the non-important features set to resample background values.
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b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/benchmark/measures.py#L320-L345
train
slundberg/shap
shap/benchmark/measures.py
local_accuracy
def local_accuracy(X_train, y_train, X_test, y_test, attr_test, model_generator, metric, trained_model): """ The how well do the features plus a constant base rate sum up to the model output. """ X_train, X_test = to_array(X_train, X_test) # how many features to mask assert X_train.shape[1] == X_test.shape[1] # keep nkeep top features and re-train the model for each test explanation yp_test = trained_model.predict(X_test) return metric(yp_test, strip_list(attr_test).sum(1))
python
def local_accuracy(X_train, y_train, X_test, y_test, attr_test, model_generator, metric, trained_model): """ The how well do the features plus a constant base rate sum up to the model output. """ X_train, X_test = to_array(X_train, X_test) # how many features to mask assert X_train.shape[1] == X_test.shape[1] # keep nkeep top features and re-train the model for each test explanation yp_test = trained_model.predict(X_test) return metric(yp_test, strip_list(attr_test).sum(1))
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The how well do the features plus a constant base rate sum up to the model output.
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b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/benchmark/measures.py#L384-L396
train
slundberg/shap
shap/benchmark/measures.py
const_rand
def const_rand(size, seed=23980): """ Generate a random array with a fixed seed. """ old_seed = np.random.seed() np.random.seed(seed) out = np.random.rand(size) np.random.seed(old_seed) return out
python
def const_rand(size, seed=23980): """ Generate a random array with a fixed seed. """ old_seed = np.random.seed() np.random.seed(seed) out = np.random.rand(size) np.random.seed(old_seed) return out
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Generate a random array with a fixed seed.
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b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/benchmark/measures.py#L401-L408
train
slundberg/shap
shap/benchmark/measures.py
const_shuffle
def const_shuffle(arr, seed=23980): """ Shuffle an array in-place with a fixed seed. """ old_seed = np.random.seed() np.random.seed(seed) np.random.shuffle(arr) np.random.seed(old_seed)
python
def const_shuffle(arr, seed=23980): """ Shuffle an array in-place with a fixed seed. """ old_seed = np.random.seed() np.random.seed(seed) np.random.shuffle(arr) np.random.seed(old_seed)
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Shuffle an array in-place with a fixed seed.
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b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/benchmark/measures.py#L410-L416
train
slundberg/shap
shap/explainers/mimic.py
MimicExplainer.shap_values
def shap_values(self, X, **kwargs): """ Estimate the SHAP values for a set of samples. Parameters ---------- X : numpy.array or pandas.DataFrame A matrix of samples (# samples x # features) on which to explain the model's output. Returns ------- For a models with a single output this returns a matrix of SHAP values (# samples x # features + 1). The last column is the base value of the model, which is the expected value of the model applied to the background dataset. This causes each row to sum to the model output for that sample. For models with vector outputs this returns a list of such matrices, one for each output. """ phi = None if self.mimic_model_type == "xgboost": if not str(type(X)).endswith("xgboost.core.DMatrix'>"): X = xgboost.DMatrix(X) phi = self.trees.predict(X, pred_contribs=True) if phi is not None: if len(phi.shape) == 3: return [phi[:, i, :] for i in range(phi.shape[1])] else: return phi
python
def shap_values(self, X, **kwargs): """ Estimate the SHAP values for a set of samples. Parameters ---------- X : numpy.array or pandas.DataFrame A matrix of samples (# samples x # features) on which to explain the model's output. Returns ------- For a models with a single output this returns a matrix of SHAP values (# samples x # features + 1). The last column is the base value of the model, which is the expected value of the model applied to the background dataset. This causes each row to sum to the model output for that sample. For models with vector outputs this returns a list of such matrices, one for each output. """ phi = None if self.mimic_model_type == "xgboost": if not str(type(X)).endswith("xgboost.core.DMatrix'>"): X = xgboost.DMatrix(X) phi = self.trees.predict(X, pred_contribs=True) if phi is not None: if len(phi.shape) == 3: return [phi[:, i, :] for i in range(phi.shape[1])] else: return phi
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Estimate the SHAP values for a set of samples. Parameters ---------- X : numpy.array or pandas.DataFrame A matrix of samples (# samples x # features) on which to explain the model's output. Returns ------- For a models with a single output this returns a matrix of SHAP values (# samples x # features + 1). The last column is the base value of the model, which is the expected value of the model applied to the background dataset. This causes each row to sum to the model output for that sample. For models with vector outputs this returns a list of such matrices, one for each output.
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b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/explainers/mimic.py#L75-L102
train
slundberg/shap
shap/plots/image.py
image_plot
def image_plot(shap_values, x, labels=None, show=True, width=20, aspect=0.2, hspace=0.2, labelpad=None): """ Plots SHAP values for image inputs. """ multi_output = True if type(shap_values) != list: multi_output = False shap_values = [shap_values] # make sure labels if labels is not None: assert labels.shape[0] == shap_values[0].shape[0], "Labels must have same row count as shap_values arrays!" if multi_output: assert labels.shape[1] == len(shap_values), "Labels must have a column for each output in shap_values!" else: assert len(labels.shape) == 1, "Labels must be a vector for single output shap_values." label_kwargs = {} if labelpad is None else {'pad': labelpad} # plot our explanations fig_size = np.array([3 * (len(shap_values) + 1), 2.5 * (x.shape[0] + 1)]) if fig_size[0] > width: fig_size *= width / fig_size[0] fig, axes = pl.subplots(nrows=x.shape[0], ncols=len(shap_values) + 1, figsize=fig_size) if len(axes.shape) == 1: axes = axes.reshape(1,axes.size) for row in range(x.shape[0]): x_curr = x[row].copy() # make sure if len(x_curr.shape) == 3 and x_curr.shape[2] == 1: x_curr = x_curr.reshape(x_curr.shape[:2]) if x_curr.max() > 1: x_curr /= 255. # get a grayscale version of the image if len(x_curr.shape) == 3 and x_curr.shape[2] == 3: x_curr_gray = (0.2989 * x_curr[:,:,0] + 0.5870 * x_curr[:,:,1] + 0.1140 * x_curr[:,:,2]) # rgb to gray else: x_curr_gray = x_curr axes[row,0].imshow(x_curr, cmap=pl.get_cmap('gray')) axes[row,0].axis('off') if len(shap_values[0][row].shape) == 2: abs_vals = np.stack([np.abs(shap_values[i]) for i in range(len(shap_values))], 0).flatten() else: abs_vals = np.stack([np.abs(shap_values[i].sum(-1)) for i in range(len(shap_values))], 0).flatten() max_val = np.nanpercentile(abs_vals, 99.9) for i in range(len(shap_values)): if labels is not None: axes[row,i+1].set_title(labels[row,i], **label_kwargs) sv = shap_values[i][row] if len(shap_values[i][row].shape) == 2 else shap_values[i][row].sum(-1) axes[row,i+1].imshow(x_curr_gray, cmap=pl.get_cmap('gray'), alpha=0.15, extent=(-1, sv.shape[0], sv.shape[1], -1)) im = axes[row,i+1].imshow(sv, cmap=colors.red_transparent_blue, vmin=-max_val, vmax=max_val) axes[row,i+1].axis('off') if hspace == 'auto': fig.tight_layout() else: fig.subplots_adjust(hspace=hspace) cb = fig.colorbar(im, ax=np.ravel(axes).tolist(), label="SHAP value", orientation="horizontal", aspect=fig_size[0]/aspect) cb.outline.set_visible(False) if show: pl.show()
python
def image_plot(shap_values, x, labels=None, show=True, width=20, aspect=0.2, hspace=0.2, labelpad=None): """ Plots SHAP values for image inputs. """ multi_output = True if type(shap_values) != list: multi_output = False shap_values = [shap_values] # make sure labels if labels is not None: assert labels.shape[0] == shap_values[0].shape[0], "Labels must have same row count as shap_values arrays!" if multi_output: assert labels.shape[1] == len(shap_values), "Labels must have a column for each output in shap_values!" else: assert len(labels.shape) == 1, "Labels must be a vector for single output shap_values." label_kwargs = {} if labelpad is None else {'pad': labelpad} # plot our explanations fig_size = np.array([3 * (len(shap_values) + 1), 2.5 * (x.shape[0] + 1)]) if fig_size[0] > width: fig_size *= width / fig_size[0] fig, axes = pl.subplots(nrows=x.shape[0], ncols=len(shap_values) + 1, figsize=fig_size) if len(axes.shape) == 1: axes = axes.reshape(1,axes.size) for row in range(x.shape[0]): x_curr = x[row].copy() # make sure if len(x_curr.shape) == 3 and x_curr.shape[2] == 1: x_curr = x_curr.reshape(x_curr.shape[:2]) if x_curr.max() > 1: x_curr /= 255. # get a grayscale version of the image if len(x_curr.shape) == 3 and x_curr.shape[2] == 3: x_curr_gray = (0.2989 * x_curr[:,:,0] + 0.5870 * x_curr[:,:,1] + 0.1140 * x_curr[:,:,2]) # rgb to gray else: x_curr_gray = x_curr axes[row,0].imshow(x_curr, cmap=pl.get_cmap('gray')) axes[row,0].axis('off') if len(shap_values[0][row].shape) == 2: abs_vals = np.stack([np.abs(shap_values[i]) for i in range(len(shap_values))], 0).flatten() else: abs_vals = np.stack([np.abs(shap_values[i].sum(-1)) for i in range(len(shap_values))], 0).flatten() max_val = np.nanpercentile(abs_vals, 99.9) for i in range(len(shap_values)): if labels is not None: axes[row,i+1].set_title(labels[row,i], **label_kwargs) sv = shap_values[i][row] if len(shap_values[i][row].shape) == 2 else shap_values[i][row].sum(-1) axes[row,i+1].imshow(x_curr_gray, cmap=pl.get_cmap('gray'), alpha=0.15, extent=(-1, sv.shape[0], sv.shape[1], -1)) im = axes[row,i+1].imshow(sv, cmap=colors.red_transparent_blue, vmin=-max_val, vmax=max_val) axes[row,i+1].axis('off') if hspace == 'auto': fig.tight_layout() else: fig.subplots_adjust(hspace=hspace) cb = fig.colorbar(im, ax=np.ravel(axes).tolist(), label="SHAP value", orientation="horizontal", aspect=fig_size[0]/aspect) cb.outline.set_visible(False) if show: pl.show()
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Plots SHAP values for image inputs.
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b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/plots/image.py#L10-L72
train
slundberg/shap
shap/common.py
hclust_ordering
def hclust_ordering(X, metric="sqeuclidean"): """ A leaf ordering is under-defined, this picks the ordering that keeps nearby samples similar. """ # compute a hierarchical clustering D = sp.spatial.distance.pdist(X, metric) cluster_matrix = sp.cluster.hierarchy.complete(D) # merge clusters, rotating them to make the end points match as best we can sets = [[i] for i in range(X.shape[0])] for i in range(cluster_matrix.shape[0]): s1 = sets[int(cluster_matrix[i,0])] s2 = sets[int(cluster_matrix[i,1])] # compute distances between the end points of the lists d_s1_s2 = pdist(np.vstack([X[s1[-1],:], X[s2[0],:]]), metric)[0] d_s2_s1 = pdist(np.vstack([X[s1[0],:], X[s2[-1],:]]), metric)[0] d_s1r_s2 = pdist(np.vstack([X[s1[0],:], X[s2[0],:]]), metric)[0] d_s1_s2r = pdist(np.vstack([X[s1[-1],:], X[s2[-1],:]]), metric)[0] # concatenete the lists in the way the minimizes the difference between # the samples at the junction best = min(d_s1_s2, d_s2_s1, d_s1r_s2, d_s1_s2r) if best == d_s1_s2: sets.append(s1 + s2) elif best == d_s2_s1: sets.append(s2 + s1) elif best == d_s1r_s2: sets.append(list(reversed(s1)) + s2) else: sets.append(s1 + list(reversed(s2))) return sets[-1]
python
def hclust_ordering(X, metric="sqeuclidean"): """ A leaf ordering is under-defined, this picks the ordering that keeps nearby samples similar. """ # compute a hierarchical clustering D = sp.spatial.distance.pdist(X, metric) cluster_matrix = sp.cluster.hierarchy.complete(D) # merge clusters, rotating them to make the end points match as best we can sets = [[i] for i in range(X.shape[0])] for i in range(cluster_matrix.shape[0]): s1 = sets[int(cluster_matrix[i,0])] s2 = sets[int(cluster_matrix[i,1])] # compute distances between the end points of the lists d_s1_s2 = pdist(np.vstack([X[s1[-1],:], X[s2[0],:]]), metric)[0] d_s2_s1 = pdist(np.vstack([X[s1[0],:], X[s2[-1],:]]), metric)[0] d_s1r_s2 = pdist(np.vstack([X[s1[0],:], X[s2[0],:]]), metric)[0] d_s1_s2r = pdist(np.vstack([X[s1[-1],:], X[s2[-1],:]]), metric)[0] # concatenete the lists in the way the minimizes the difference between # the samples at the junction best = min(d_s1_s2, d_s2_s1, d_s1r_s2, d_s1_s2r) if best == d_s1_s2: sets.append(s1 + s2) elif best == d_s2_s1: sets.append(s2 + s1) elif best == d_s1r_s2: sets.append(list(reversed(s1)) + s2) else: sets.append(s1 + list(reversed(s2))) return sets[-1]
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A leaf ordering is under-defined, this picks the ordering that keeps nearby samples similar.
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b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/common.py#L215-L247
train
slundberg/shap
shap/common.py
approximate_interactions
def approximate_interactions(index, shap_values, X, feature_names=None): """ Order other features by how much interaction they seem to have with the feature at the given index. This just bins the SHAP values for a feature along that feature's value. For true Shapley interaction index values for SHAP see the interaction_contribs option implemented in XGBoost. """ # convert from DataFrames if we got any if str(type(X)).endswith("'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>"): if feature_names is None: feature_names = X.columns X = X.values index = convert_name(index, shap_values, feature_names) if X.shape[0] > 10000: a = np.arange(X.shape[0]) np.random.shuffle(a) inds = a[:10000] else: inds = np.arange(X.shape[0]) x = X[inds, index] srt = np.argsort(x) shap_ref = shap_values[inds, index] shap_ref = shap_ref[srt] inc = max(min(int(len(x) / 10.0), 50), 1) interactions = [] for i in range(X.shape[1]): val_other = X[inds, i][srt].astype(np.float) v = 0.0 if not (i == index or np.sum(np.abs(val_other)) < 1e-8): for j in range(0, len(x), inc): if np.std(val_other[j:j + inc]) > 0 and np.std(shap_ref[j:j + inc]) > 0: v += abs(np.corrcoef(shap_ref[j:j + inc], val_other[j:j + inc])[0, 1]) val_v = v val_other = np.isnan(X[inds, i][srt].astype(np.float)) v = 0.0 if not (i == index or np.sum(np.abs(val_other)) < 1e-8): for j in range(0, len(x), inc): if np.std(val_other[j:j + inc]) > 0 and np.std(shap_ref[j:j + inc]) > 0: v += abs(np.corrcoef(shap_ref[j:j + inc], val_other[j:j + inc])[0, 1]) nan_v = v interactions.append(max(val_v, nan_v)) return np.argsort(-np.abs(interactions))
python
def approximate_interactions(index, shap_values, X, feature_names=None): """ Order other features by how much interaction they seem to have with the feature at the given index. This just bins the SHAP values for a feature along that feature's value. For true Shapley interaction index values for SHAP see the interaction_contribs option implemented in XGBoost. """ # convert from DataFrames if we got any if str(type(X)).endswith("'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>"): if feature_names is None: feature_names = X.columns X = X.values index = convert_name(index, shap_values, feature_names) if X.shape[0] > 10000: a = np.arange(X.shape[0]) np.random.shuffle(a) inds = a[:10000] else: inds = np.arange(X.shape[0]) x = X[inds, index] srt = np.argsort(x) shap_ref = shap_values[inds, index] shap_ref = shap_ref[srt] inc = max(min(int(len(x) / 10.0), 50), 1) interactions = [] for i in range(X.shape[1]): val_other = X[inds, i][srt].astype(np.float) v = 0.0 if not (i == index or np.sum(np.abs(val_other)) < 1e-8): for j in range(0, len(x), inc): if np.std(val_other[j:j + inc]) > 0 and np.std(shap_ref[j:j + inc]) > 0: v += abs(np.corrcoef(shap_ref[j:j + inc], val_other[j:j + inc])[0, 1]) val_v = v val_other = np.isnan(X[inds, i][srt].astype(np.float)) v = 0.0 if not (i == index or np.sum(np.abs(val_other)) < 1e-8): for j in range(0, len(x), inc): if np.std(val_other[j:j + inc]) > 0 and np.std(shap_ref[j:j + inc]) > 0: v += abs(np.corrcoef(shap_ref[j:j + inc], val_other[j:j + inc])[0, 1]) nan_v = v interactions.append(max(val_v, nan_v)) return np.argsort(-np.abs(interactions))
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Order other features by how much interaction they seem to have with the feature at the given index. This just bins the SHAP values for a feature along that feature's value. For true Shapley interaction index values for SHAP see the interaction_contribs option implemented in XGBoost.
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b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/common.py#L271-L318
train
slundberg/shap
shap/benchmark/plots.py
_human_score_map
def _human_score_map(human_consensus, methods_attrs): """ Converts human agreement differences to numerical scores for coloring. """ v = 1 - min(np.sum(np.abs(methods_attrs - human_consensus)) / (np.abs(human_consensus).sum() + 1), 1.0) return v
python
def _human_score_map(human_consensus, methods_attrs): """ Converts human agreement differences to numerical scores for coloring. """ v = 1 - min(np.sum(np.abs(methods_attrs - human_consensus)) / (np.abs(human_consensus).sum() + 1), 1.0) return v
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Converts human agreement differences to numerical scores for coloring.
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b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/benchmark/plots.py#L370-L375
train
slundberg/shap
shap/plots/force_matplotlib.py
draw_bars
def draw_bars(out_value, features, feature_type, width_separators, width_bar): """Draw the bars and separators.""" rectangle_list = [] separator_list = [] pre_val = out_value for index, features in zip(range(len(features)), features): if feature_type == 'positive': left_bound = float(features[0]) right_bound = pre_val pre_val = left_bound separator_indent = np.abs(width_separators) separator_pos = left_bound colors = ['#FF0D57', '#FFC3D5'] else: left_bound = pre_val right_bound = float(features[0]) pre_val = right_bound separator_indent = - np.abs(width_separators) separator_pos = right_bound colors = ['#1E88E5', '#D1E6FA'] # Create rectangle if index == 0: if feature_type == 'positive': points_rectangle = [[left_bound, 0], [right_bound, 0], [right_bound, width_bar], [left_bound, width_bar], [left_bound + separator_indent, (width_bar / 2)] ] else: points_rectangle = [[right_bound, 0], [left_bound, 0], [left_bound, width_bar], [right_bound, width_bar], [right_bound + separator_indent, (width_bar / 2)] ] else: points_rectangle = [[left_bound, 0], [right_bound, 0], [right_bound + separator_indent * 0.90, (width_bar / 2)], [right_bound, width_bar], [left_bound, width_bar], [left_bound + separator_indent * 0.90, (width_bar / 2)]] line = plt.Polygon(points_rectangle, closed=True, fill=True, facecolor=colors[0], linewidth=0) rectangle_list += [line] # Create seperator points_separator = [[separator_pos, 0], [separator_pos + separator_indent, (width_bar / 2)], [separator_pos, width_bar]] line = plt.Polygon(points_separator, closed=None, fill=None, edgecolor=colors[1], lw=3) separator_list += [line] return rectangle_list, separator_list
python
def draw_bars(out_value, features, feature_type, width_separators, width_bar): """Draw the bars and separators.""" rectangle_list = [] separator_list = [] pre_val = out_value for index, features in zip(range(len(features)), features): if feature_type == 'positive': left_bound = float(features[0]) right_bound = pre_val pre_val = left_bound separator_indent = np.abs(width_separators) separator_pos = left_bound colors = ['#FF0D57', '#FFC3D5'] else: left_bound = pre_val right_bound = float(features[0]) pre_val = right_bound separator_indent = - np.abs(width_separators) separator_pos = right_bound colors = ['#1E88E5', '#D1E6FA'] # Create rectangle if index == 0: if feature_type == 'positive': points_rectangle = [[left_bound, 0], [right_bound, 0], [right_bound, width_bar], [left_bound, width_bar], [left_bound + separator_indent, (width_bar / 2)] ] else: points_rectangle = [[right_bound, 0], [left_bound, 0], [left_bound, width_bar], [right_bound, width_bar], [right_bound + separator_indent, (width_bar / 2)] ] else: points_rectangle = [[left_bound, 0], [right_bound, 0], [right_bound + separator_indent * 0.90, (width_bar / 2)], [right_bound, width_bar], [left_bound, width_bar], [left_bound + separator_indent * 0.90, (width_bar / 2)]] line = plt.Polygon(points_rectangle, closed=True, fill=True, facecolor=colors[0], linewidth=0) rectangle_list += [line] # Create seperator points_separator = [[separator_pos, 0], [separator_pos + separator_indent, (width_bar / 2)], [separator_pos, width_bar]] line = plt.Polygon(points_separator, closed=None, fill=None, edgecolor=colors[1], lw=3) separator_list += [line] return rectangle_list, separator_list
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Draw the bars and separators.
[ "Draw", "the", "bars", "and", "separators", "." ]
b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/plots/force_matplotlib.py#L15-L77
train
slundberg/shap
shap/plots/force_matplotlib.py
format_data
def format_data(data): """Format data.""" # Format negative features neg_features = np.array([[data['features'][x]['effect'], data['features'][x]['value'], data['featureNames'][x]] for x in data['features'].keys() if data['features'][x]['effect'] < 0]) neg_features = np.array(sorted(neg_features, key=lambda x: float(x[0]), reverse=False)) # Format postive features pos_features = np.array([[data['features'][x]['effect'], data['features'][x]['value'], data['featureNames'][x]] for x in data['features'].keys() if data['features'][x]['effect'] >= 0]) pos_features = np.array(sorted(pos_features, key=lambda x: float(x[0]), reverse=True)) # Define link function if data['link'] == 'identity': convert_func = lambda x: x elif data['link'] == 'logit': convert_func = lambda x: 1 / (1 + np.exp(-x)) else: assert False, "ERROR: Unrecognized link function: " + str(data['link']) # Convert negative feature values to plot values neg_val = data['outValue'] for i in neg_features: val = float(i[0]) neg_val = neg_val + np.abs(val) i[0] = convert_func(neg_val) if len(neg_features) > 0: total_neg = np.max(neg_features[:, 0].astype(float)) - \ np.min(neg_features[:, 0].astype(float)) else: total_neg = 0 # Convert positive feature values to plot values pos_val = data['outValue'] for i in pos_features: val = float(i[0]) pos_val = pos_val - np.abs(val) i[0] = convert_func(pos_val) if len(pos_features) > 0: total_pos = np.max(pos_features[:, 0].astype(float)) - \ np.min(pos_features[:, 0].astype(float)) else: total_pos = 0 # Convert output value and base value data['outValue'] = convert_func(data['outValue']) data['baseValue'] = convert_func(data['baseValue']) return neg_features, total_neg, pos_features, total_pos
python
def format_data(data): """Format data.""" # Format negative features neg_features = np.array([[data['features'][x]['effect'], data['features'][x]['value'], data['featureNames'][x]] for x in data['features'].keys() if data['features'][x]['effect'] < 0]) neg_features = np.array(sorted(neg_features, key=lambda x: float(x[0]), reverse=False)) # Format postive features pos_features = np.array([[data['features'][x]['effect'], data['features'][x]['value'], data['featureNames'][x]] for x in data['features'].keys() if data['features'][x]['effect'] >= 0]) pos_features = np.array(sorted(pos_features, key=lambda x: float(x[0]), reverse=True)) # Define link function if data['link'] == 'identity': convert_func = lambda x: x elif data['link'] == 'logit': convert_func = lambda x: 1 / (1 + np.exp(-x)) else: assert False, "ERROR: Unrecognized link function: " + str(data['link']) # Convert negative feature values to plot values neg_val = data['outValue'] for i in neg_features: val = float(i[0]) neg_val = neg_val + np.abs(val) i[0] = convert_func(neg_val) if len(neg_features) > 0: total_neg = np.max(neg_features[:, 0].astype(float)) - \ np.min(neg_features[:, 0].astype(float)) else: total_neg = 0 # Convert positive feature values to plot values pos_val = data['outValue'] for i in pos_features: val = float(i[0]) pos_val = pos_val - np.abs(val) i[0] = convert_func(pos_val) if len(pos_features) > 0: total_pos = np.max(pos_features[:, 0].astype(float)) - \ np.min(pos_features[:, 0].astype(float)) else: total_pos = 0 # Convert output value and base value data['outValue'] = convert_func(data['outValue']) data['baseValue'] = convert_func(data['baseValue']) return neg_features, total_neg, pos_features, total_pos
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Format data.
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b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/plots/force_matplotlib.py#L199-L253
train
slundberg/shap
shap/plots/force_matplotlib.py
draw_additive_plot
def draw_additive_plot(data, figsize, show, text_rotation=0): """Draw additive plot.""" # Turn off interactive plot if show == False: plt.ioff() # Format data neg_features, total_neg, pos_features, total_pos = format_data(data) # Compute overall metrics base_value = data['baseValue'] out_value = data['outValue'] offset_text = (np.abs(total_neg) + np.abs(total_pos)) * 0.04 # Define plots fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=figsize) # Compute axis limit update_axis_limits(ax, total_pos, pos_features, total_neg, neg_features, base_value) # Define width of bar width_bar = 0.1 width_separators = (ax.get_xlim()[1] - ax.get_xlim()[0]) / 200 # Create bar for negative shap values rectangle_list, separator_list = draw_bars(out_value, neg_features, 'negative', width_separators, width_bar) for i in rectangle_list: ax.add_patch(i) for i in separator_list: ax.add_patch(i) # Create bar for positive shap values rectangle_list, separator_list = draw_bars(out_value, pos_features, 'positive', width_separators, width_bar) for i in rectangle_list: ax.add_patch(i) for i in separator_list: ax.add_patch(i) # Add labels total_effect = np.abs(total_neg) + total_pos fig, ax = draw_labels(fig, ax, out_value, neg_features, 'negative', offset_text, total_effect, min_perc=0.05, text_rotation=text_rotation) fig, ax = draw_labels(fig, ax, out_value, pos_features, 'positive', offset_text, total_effect, min_perc=0.05, text_rotation=text_rotation) # higher lower legend draw_higher_lower_element(out_value, offset_text) # Add label for base value draw_base_element(base_value, ax) # Add output label out_names = data['outNames'][0] draw_output_element(out_names, out_value, ax) if show: plt.show() else: return plt.gcf()
python
def draw_additive_plot(data, figsize, show, text_rotation=0): """Draw additive plot.""" # Turn off interactive plot if show == False: plt.ioff() # Format data neg_features, total_neg, pos_features, total_pos = format_data(data) # Compute overall metrics base_value = data['baseValue'] out_value = data['outValue'] offset_text = (np.abs(total_neg) + np.abs(total_pos)) * 0.04 # Define plots fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=figsize) # Compute axis limit update_axis_limits(ax, total_pos, pos_features, total_neg, neg_features, base_value) # Define width of bar width_bar = 0.1 width_separators = (ax.get_xlim()[1] - ax.get_xlim()[0]) / 200 # Create bar for negative shap values rectangle_list, separator_list = draw_bars(out_value, neg_features, 'negative', width_separators, width_bar) for i in rectangle_list: ax.add_patch(i) for i in separator_list: ax.add_patch(i) # Create bar for positive shap values rectangle_list, separator_list = draw_bars(out_value, pos_features, 'positive', width_separators, width_bar) for i in rectangle_list: ax.add_patch(i) for i in separator_list: ax.add_patch(i) # Add labels total_effect = np.abs(total_neg) + total_pos fig, ax = draw_labels(fig, ax, out_value, neg_features, 'negative', offset_text, total_effect, min_perc=0.05, text_rotation=text_rotation) fig, ax = draw_labels(fig, ax, out_value, pos_features, 'positive', offset_text, total_effect, min_perc=0.05, text_rotation=text_rotation) # higher lower legend draw_higher_lower_element(out_value, offset_text) # Add label for base value draw_base_element(base_value, ax) # Add output label out_names = data['outNames'][0] draw_output_element(out_names, out_value, ax) if show: plt.show() else: return plt.gcf()
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Draw additive plot.
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b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/plots/force_matplotlib.py#L333-L397
train
slundberg/shap
setup.py
try_run_setup
def try_run_setup(**kwargs): """ Fails gracefully when various install steps don't work. """ try: run_setup(**kwargs) except Exception as e: print(str(e)) if "xgboost" in str(e).lower(): kwargs["test_xgboost"] = False print("Couldn't install XGBoost for testing!") try_run_setup(**kwargs) elif "lightgbm" in str(e).lower(): kwargs["test_lightgbm"] = False print("Couldn't install LightGBM for testing!") try_run_setup(**kwargs) elif kwargs["with_binary"]: kwargs["with_binary"] = False print("WARNING: The C extension could not be compiled, sklearn tree models not supported.") try_run_setup(**kwargs) else: print("ERROR: Failed to build!")
python
def try_run_setup(**kwargs): """ Fails gracefully when various install steps don't work. """ try: run_setup(**kwargs) except Exception as e: print(str(e)) if "xgboost" in str(e).lower(): kwargs["test_xgboost"] = False print("Couldn't install XGBoost for testing!") try_run_setup(**kwargs) elif "lightgbm" in str(e).lower(): kwargs["test_lightgbm"] = False print("Couldn't install LightGBM for testing!") try_run_setup(**kwargs) elif kwargs["with_binary"]: kwargs["with_binary"] = False print("WARNING: The C extension could not be compiled, sklearn tree models not supported.") try_run_setup(**kwargs) else: print("ERROR: Failed to build!")
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Fails gracefully when various install steps don't work.
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b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/setup.py#L101-L122
train
slundberg/shap
shap/explainers/deep/deep_pytorch.py
deeplift_grad
def deeplift_grad(module, grad_input, grad_output): """The backward hook which computes the deeplift gradient for an nn.Module """ # first, get the module type module_type = module.__class__.__name__ # first, check the module is supported if module_type in op_handler: if op_handler[module_type].__name__ not in ['passthrough', 'linear_1d']: return op_handler[module_type](module, grad_input, grad_output) else: print('Warning: unrecognized nn.Module: {}'.format(module_type)) return grad_input
python
def deeplift_grad(module, grad_input, grad_output): """The backward hook which computes the deeplift gradient for an nn.Module """ # first, get the module type module_type = module.__class__.__name__ # first, check the module is supported if module_type in op_handler: if op_handler[module_type].__name__ not in ['passthrough', 'linear_1d']: return op_handler[module_type](module, grad_input, grad_output) else: print('Warning: unrecognized nn.Module: {}'.format(module_type)) return grad_input
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The backward hook which computes the deeplift gradient for an nn.Module
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b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/explainers/deep/deep_pytorch.py#L194-L206
train
slundberg/shap
shap/explainers/deep/deep_pytorch.py
add_interim_values
def add_interim_values(module, input, output): """The forward hook used to save interim tensors, detached from the graph. Used to calculate the multipliers """ try: del module.x except AttributeError: pass try: del module.y except AttributeError: pass module_type = module.__class__.__name__ if module_type in op_handler: func_name = op_handler[module_type].__name__ # First, check for cases where we don't need to save the x and y tensors if func_name == 'passthrough': pass else: # check only the 0th input varies for i in range(len(input)): if i != 0 and type(output) is tuple: assert input[i] == output[i], "Only the 0th input may vary!" # if a new method is added, it must be added here too. This ensures tensors # are only saved if necessary if func_name in ['maxpool', 'nonlinear_1d']: # only save tensors if necessary if type(input) is tuple: setattr(module, 'x', torch.nn.Parameter(input[0].detach())) else: setattr(module, 'x', torch.nn.Parameter(input.detach())) if type(output) is tuple: setattr(module, 'y', torch.nn.Parameter(output[0].detach())) else: setattr(module, 'y', torch.nn.Parameter(output.detach())) if module_type in failure_case_modules: input[0].register_hook(deeplift_tensor_grad)
python
def add_interim_values(module, input, output): """The forward hook used to save interim tensors, detached from the graph. Used to calculate the multipliers """ try: del module.x except AttributeError: pass try: del module.y except AttributeError: pass module_type = module.__class__.__name__ if module_type in op_handler: func_name = op_handler[module_type].__name__ # First, check for cases where we don't need to save the x and y tensors if func_name == 'passthrough': pass else: # check only the 0th input varies for i in range(len(input)): if i != 0 and type(output) is tuple: assert input[i] == output[i], "Only the 0th input may vary!" # if a new method is added, it must be added here too. This ensures tensors # are only saved if necessary if func_name in ['maxpool', 'nonlinear_1d']: # only save tensors if necessary if type(input) is tuple: setattr(module, 'x', torch.nn.Parameter(input[0].detach())) else: setattr(module, 'x', torch.nn.Parameter(input.detach())) if type(output) is tuple: setattr(module, 'y', torch.nn.Parameter(output[0].detach())) else: setattr(module, 'y', torch.nn.Parameter(output.detach())) if module_type in failure_case_modules: input[0].register_hook(deeplift_tensor_grad)
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The forward hook used to save interim tensors, detached from the graph. Used to calculate the multipliers
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b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/explainers/deep/deep_pytorch.py#L209-L245
train
slundberg/shap
shap/explainers/deep/deep_pytorch.py
get_target_input
def get_target_input(module, input, output): """A forward hook which saves the tensor - attached to its graph. Used if we want to explain the interim outputs of a model """ try: del module.target_input except AttributeError: pass setattr(module, 'target_input', input)
python
def get_target_input(module, input, output): """A forward hook which saves the tensor - attached to its graph. Used if we want to explain the interim outputs of a model """ try: del module.target_input except AttributeError: pass setattr(module, 'target_input', input)
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A forward hook which saves the tensor - attached to its graph. Used if we want to explain the interim outputs of a model
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b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/explainers/deep/deep_pytorch.py#L248-L256
train
slundberg/shap
shap/explainers/deep/deep_pytorch.py
PyTorchDeepExplainer.add_handles
def add_handles(self, model, forward_handle, backward_handle): """ Add handles to all non-container layers in the model. Recursively for non-container layers """ handles_list = [] for child in model.children(): if 'nn.modules.container' in str(type(child)): handles_list.extend(self.add_handles(child, forward_handle, backward_handle)) else: handles_list.append(child.register_forward_hook(forward_handle)) handles_list.append(child.register_backward_hook(backward_handle)) return handles_list
python
def add_handles(self, model, forward_handle, backward_handle): """ Add handles to all non-container layers in the model. Recursively for non-container layers """ handles_list = [] for child in model.children(): if 'nn.modules.container' in str(type(child)): handles_list.extend(self.add_handles(child, forward_handle, backward_handle)) else: handles_list.append(child.register_forward_hook(forward_handle)) handles_list.append(child.register_backward_hook(backward_handle)) return handles_list
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Add handles to all non-container layers in the model. Recursively for non-container layers
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b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/explainers/deep/deep_pytorch.py#L64-L76
train
slundberg/shap
shap/explainers/deep/deep_pytorch.py
PyTorchDeepExplainer.remove_attributes
def remove_attributes(self, model): """ Removes the x and y attributes which were added by the forward handles Recursively searches for non-container layers """ for child in model.children(): if 'nn.modules.container' in str(type(child)): self.remove_attributes(child) else: try: del child.x except AttributeError: pass try: del child.y except AttributeError: pass
python
def remove_attributes(self, model): """ Removes the x and y attributes which were added by the forward handles Recursively searches for non-container layers """ for child in model.children(): if 'nn.modules.container' in str(type(child)): self.remove_attributes(child) else: try: del child.x except AttributeError: pass try: del child.y except AttributeError: pass
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Removes the x and y attributes which were added by the forward handles Recursively searches for non-container layers
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b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/explainers/deep/deep_pytorch.py#L78-L94
train
slundberg/shap
shap/explainers/tree.py
get_xgboost_json
def get_xgboost_json(model): """ This gets a JSON dump of an XGBoost model while ensuring the features names are their indexes. """ fnames = model.feature_names model.feature_names = None json_trees = model.get_dump(with_stats=True, dump_format="json") model.feature_names = fnames # this fixes a bug where XGBoost can return invalid JSON json_trees = [t.replace(": inf,", ": 1000000000000.0,") for t in json_trees] json_trees = [t.replace(": -inf,", ": -1000000000000.0,") for t in json_trees] return json_trees
python
def get_xgboost_json(model): """ This gets a JSON dump of an XGBoost model while ensuring the features names are their indexes. """ fnames = model.feature_names model.feature_names = None json_trees = model.get_dump(with_stats=True, dump_format="json") model.feature_names = fnames # this fixes a bug where XGBoost can return invalid JSON json_trees = [t.replace(": inf,", ": 1000000000000.0,") for t in json_trees] json_trees = [t.replace(": -inf,", ": -1000000000000.0,") for t in json_trees] return json_trees
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This gets a JSON dump of an XGBoost model while ensuring the features names are their indexes.
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b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/explainers/tree.py#L907-L919
train
slundberg/shap
shap/explainers/tree.py
TreeExplainer.__dynamic_expected_value
def __dynamic_expected_value(self, y): """ This computes the expected value conditioned on the given label value. """ return self.model.predict(self.data, np.ones(self.data.shape[0]) * y, output=self.model_output).mean(0)
python
def __dynamic_expected_value(self, y): """ This computes the expected value conditioned on the given label value. """ return self.model.predict(self.data, np.ones(self.data.shape[0]) * y, output=self.model_output).mean(0)
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This computes the expected value conditioned on the given label value.
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b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/explainers/tree.py#L125-L129
train
slundberg/shap
shap/explainers/tree.py
TreeExplainer.shap_values
def shap_values(self, X, y=None, tree_limit=None, approximate=False): """ Estimate the SHAP values for a set of samples. Parameters ---------- X : numpy.array, pandas.DataFrame or catboost.Pool (for catboost) A matrix of samples (# samples x # features) on which to explain the model's output. y : numpy.array An array of label values for each sample. Used when explaining loss functions. tree_limit : None (default) or int Limit the number of trees used by the model. By default None means no use the limit of the original model, and -1 means no limit. approximate : bool Run fast, but only roughly approximate the Tree SHAP values. This runs a method previously proposed by Saabas which only considers a single feature ordering. Take care since this does not have the consistency guarantees of Shapley values and places too much weight on lower splits in the tree. Returns ------- For models with a single output this returns a matrix of SHAP values (# samples x # features). Each row sums to the difference between the model output for that sample and the expected value of the model output (which is stored in the expected_value attribute of the explainer when it is constant). For models with vector outputs this returns a list of such matrices, one for each output. """ # see if we have a default tree_limit in place. if tree_limit is None: tree_limit = -1 if self.model.tree_limit is None else self.model.tree_limit # shortcut using the C++ version of Tree SHAP in XGBoost, LightGBM, and CatBoost if self.feature_dependence == "tree_path_dependent" and self.model.model_type != "internal" and self.data is None: phi = None if self.model.model_type == "xgboost": assert_import("xgboost") if not str(type(X)).endswith("xgboost.core.DMatrix'>"): X = xgboost.DMatrix(X) if tree_limit == -1: tree_limit = 0 phi = self.model.original_model.predict( X, ntree_limit=tree_limit, pred_contribs=True, approx_contribs=approximate, validate_features=False ) elif self.model.model_type == "lightgbm": assert not approximate, "approximate=True is not supported for LightGBM models!" phi = self.model.original_model.predict(X, num_iteration=tree_limit, pred_contrib=True) if phi.shape[1] != X.shape[1] + 1: phi = phi.reshape(X.shape[0], phi.shape[1]//(X.shape[1]+1), X.shape[1]+1) elif self.model.model_type == "catboost": # thanks to the CatBoost team for implementing this... assert not approximate, "approximate=True is not supported for CatBoost models!" assert tree_limit == -1, "tree_limit is not yet supported for CatBoost models!" if type(X) != catboost.Pool: X = catboost.Pool(X) phi = self.model.original_model.get_feature_importance(data=X, fstr_type='ShapValues') # note we pull off the last column and keep it as our expected_value if phi is not None: if len(phi.shape) == 3: self.expected_value = [phi[0, i, -1] for i in range(phi.shape[1])] return [phi[:, i, :-1] for i in range(phi.shape[1])] else: self.expected_value = phi[0, -1] return phi[:, :-1] # convert dataframes orig_X = X if str(type(X)).endswith("pandas.core.series.Series'>"): X = X.values elif str(type(X)).endswith("pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>"): X = X.values flat_output = False if len(X.shape) == 1: flat_output = True X = X.reshape(1, X.shape[0]) if X.dtype != self.model.dtype: X = X.astype(self.model.dtype) X_missing = np.isnan(X, dtype=np.bool) assert str(type(X)).endswith("'numpy.ndarray'>"), "Unknown instance type: " + str(type(X)) assert len(X.shape) == 2, "Passed input data matrix X must have 1 or 2 dimensions!" if tree_limit < 0 or tree_limit > self.model.values.shape[0]: tree_limit = self.model.values.shape[0] if self.model_output == "logloss": assert y is not None, "Both samples and labels must be provided when explaining the loss (i.e. `explainer.shap_values(X, y)`)!" assert X.shape[0] == len(y), "The number of labels (%d) does not match the number of samples to explain (%d)!" % (len(y), X.shape[0]) transform = self.model.get_transform(self.model_output) if self.feature_dependence == "tree_path_dependent": assert self.model.fully_defined_weighting, "The background dataset you provided does not cover all the leaves in the model, " \ "so TreeExplainer cannot run with the feature_dependence=\"tree_path_dependent\" option! " \ "Try providing a larger background dataset, or using feature_dependence=\"independent\"." # run the core algorithm using the C extension assert_import("cext") phi = np.zeros((X.shape[0], X.shape[1]+1, self.model.n_outputs)) if not approximate: _cext.dense_tree_shap( self.model.children_left, self.model.children_right, self.model.children_default, self.model.features, self.model.thresholds, self.model.values, self.model.node_sample_weight, self.model.max_depth, X, X_missing, y, self.data, self.data_missing, tree_limit, self.model.base_offset, phi, feature_dependence_codes[self.feature_dependence], output_transform_codes[transform], False ) else: _cext.dense_tree_saabas( self.model.children_left, self.model.children_right, self.model.children_default, self.model.features, self.model.thresholds, self.model.values, self.model.max_depth, tree_limit, self.model.base_offset, output_transform_codes[transform], X, X_missing, y, phi ) # note we pull off the last column and keep it as our expected_value if self.model.n_outputs == 1: if self.model_output != "logloss": self.expected_value = phi[0, -1, 0] if flat_output: return phi[0, :-1, 0] else: return phi[:, :-1, 0] else: if self.model_output != "logloss": self.expected_value = [phi[0, -1, i] for i in range(phi.shape[2])] if flat_output: return [phi[0, :-1, i] for i in range(self.model.n_outputs)] else: return [phi[:, :-1, i] for i in range(self.model.n_outputs)]
python
def shap_values(self, X, y=None, tree_limit=None, approximate=False): """ Estimate the SHAP values for a set of samples. Parameters ---------- X : numpy.array, pandas.DataFrame or catboost.Pool (for catboost) A matrix of samples (# samples x # features) on which to explain the model's output. y : numpy.array An array of label values for each sample. Used when explaining loss functions. tree_limit : None (default) or int Limit the number of trees used by the model. By default None means no use the limit of the original model, and -1 means no limit. approximate : bool Run fast, but only roughly approximate the Tree SHAP values. This runs a method previously proposed by Saabas which only considers a single feature ordering. Take care since this does not have the consistency guarantees of Shapley values and places too much weight on lower splits in the tree. Returns ------- For models with a single output this returns a matrix of SHAP values (# samples x # features). Each row sums to the difference between the model output for that sample and the expected value of the model output (which is stored in the expected_value attribute of the explainer when it is constant). For models with vector outputs this returns a list of such matrices, one for each output. """ # see if we have a default tree_limit in place. if tree_limit is None: tree_limit = -1 if self.model.tree_limit is None else self.model.tree_limit # shortcut using the C++ version of Tree SHAP in XGBoost, LightGBM, and CatBoost if self.feature_dependence == "tree_path_dependent" and self.model.model_type != "internal" and self.data is None: phi = None if self.model.model_type == "xgboost": assert_import("xgboost") if not str(type(X)).endswith("xgboost.core.DMatrix'>"): X = xgboost.DMatrix(X) if tree_limit == -1: tree_limit = 0 phi = self.model.original_model.predict( X, ntree_limit=tree_limit, pred_contribs=True, approx_contribs=approximate, validate_features=False ) elif self.model.model_type == "lightgbm": assert not approximate, "approximate=True is not supported for LightGBM models!" phi = self.model.original_model.predict(X, num_iteration=tree_limit, pred_contrib=True) if phi.shape[1] != X.shape[1] + 1: phi = phi.reshape(X.shape[0], phi.shape[1]//(X.shape[1]+1), X.shape[1]+1) elif self.model.model_type == "catboost": # thanks to the CatBoost team for implementing this... assert not approximate, "approximate=True is not supported for CatBoost models!" assert tree_limit == -1, "tree_limit is not yet supported for CatBoost models!" if type(X) != catboost.Pool: X = catboost.Pool(X) phi = self.model.original_model.get_feature_importance(data=X, fstr_type='ShapValues') # note we pull off the last column and keep it as our expected_value if phi is not None: if len(phi.shape) == 3: self.expected_value = [phi[0, i, -1] for i in range(phi.shape[1])] return [phi[:, i, :-1] for i in range(phi.shape[1])] else: self.expected_value = phi[0, -1] return phi[:, :-1] # convert dataframes orig_X = X if str(type(X)).endswith("pandas.core.series.Series'>"): X = X.values elif str(type(X)).endswith("pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>"): X = X.values flat_output = False if len(X.shape) == 1: flat_output = True X = X.reshape(1, X.shape[0]) if X.dtype != self.model.dtype: X = X.astype(self.model.dtype) X_missing = np.isnan(X, dtype=np.bool) assert str(type(X)).endswith("'numpy.ndarray'>"), "Unknown instance type: " + str(type(X)) assert len(X.shape) == 2, "Passed input data matrix X must have 1 or 2 dimensions!" if tree_limit < 0 or tree_limit > self.model.values.shape[0]: tree_limit = self.model.values.shape[0] if self.model_output == "logloss": assert y is not None, "Both samples and labels must be provided when explaining the loss (i.e. `explainer.shap_values(X, y)`)!" assert X.shape[0] == len(y), "The number of labels (%d) does not match the number of samples to explain (%d)!" % (len(y), X.shape[0]) transform = self.model.get_transform(self.model_output) if self.feature_dependence == "tree_path_dependent": assert self.model.fully_defined_weighting, "The background dataset you provided does not cover all the leaves in the model, " \ "so TreeExplainer cannot run with the feature_dependence=\"tree_path_dependent\" option! " \ "Try providing a larger background dataset, or using feature_dependence=\"independent\"." # run the core algorithm using the C extension assert_import("cext") phi = np.zeros((X.shape[0], X.shape[1]+1, self.model.n_outputs)) if not approximate: _cext.dense_tree_shap( self.model.children_left, self.model.children_right, self.model.children_default, self.model.features, self.model.thresholds, self.model.values, self.model.node_sample_weight, self.model.max_depth, X, X_missing, y, self.data, self.data_missing, tree_limit, self.model.base_offset, phi, feature_dependence_codes[self.feature_dependence], output_transform_codes[transform], False ) else: _cext.dense_tree_saabas( self.model.children_left, self.model.children_right, self.model.children_default, self.model.features, self.model.thresholds, self.model.values, self.model.max_depth, tree_limit, self.model.base_offset, output_transform_codes[transform], X, X_missing, y, phi ) # note we pull off the last column and keep it as our expected_value if self.model.n_outputs == 1: if self.model_output != "logloss": self.expected_value = phi[0, -1, 0] if flat_output: return phi[0, :-1, 0] else: return phi[:, :-1, 0] else: if self.model_output != "logloss": self.expected_value = [phi[0, -1, i] for i in range(phi.shape[2])] if flat_output: return [phi[0, :-1, i] for i in range(self.model.n_outputs)] else: return [phi[:, :-1, i] for i in range(self.model.n_outputs)]
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Estimate the SHAP values for a set of samples. Parameters ---------- X : numpy.array, pandas.DataFrame or catboost.Pool (for catboost) A matrix of samples (# samples x # features) on which to explain the model's output. y : numpy.array An array of label values for each sample. Used when explaining loss functions. tree_limit : None (default) or int Limit the number of trees used by the model. By default None means no use the limit of the original model, and -1 means no limit. approximate : bool Run fast, but only roughly approximate the Tree SHAP values. This runs a method previously proposed by Saabas which only considers a single feature ordering. Take care since this does not have the consistency guarantees of Shapley values and places too much weight on lower splits in the tree. Returns ------- For models with a single output this returns a matrix of SHAP values (# samples x # features). Each row sums to the difference between the model output for that sample and the expected value of the model output (which is stored in the expected_value attribute of the explainer when it is constant). For models with vector outputs this returns a list of such matrices, one for each output.
[ "Estimate", "the", "SHAP", "values", "for", "a", "set", "of", "samples", "." ]
b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/explainers/tree.py#L131-L263
train
slundberg/shap
shap/explainers/tree.py
TreeExplainer.shap_interaction_values
def shap_interaction_values(self, X, y=None, tree_limit=None): """ Estimate the SHAP interaction values for a set of samples. Parameters ---------- X : numpy.array, pandas.DataFrame or catboost.Pool (for catboost) A matrix of samples (# samples x # features) on which to explain the model's output. y : numpy.array An array of label values for each sample. Used when explaining loss functions (not yet supported). tree_limit : None (default) or int Limit the number of trees used by the model. By default None means no use the limit of the original model, and -1 means no limit. Returns ------- For models with a single output this returns a tensor of SHAP values (# samples x # features x # features). The matrix (# features x # features) for each sample sums to the difference between the model output for that sample and the expected value of the model output (which is stored in the expected_value attribute of the explainer). Each row of this matrix sums to the SHAP value for that feature for that sample. The diagonal entries of the matrix represent the "main effect" of that feature on the prediction and the symmetric off-diagonal entries represent the interaction effects between all pairs of features for that sample. For models with vector outputs this returns a list of tensors, one for each output. """ assert self.model_output == "margin", "Only model_output = \"margin\" is supported for SHAP interaction values right now!" assert self.feature_dependence == "tree_path_dependent", "Only feature_dependence = \"tree_path_dependent\" is supported for SHAP interaction values right now!" transform = "identity" # see if we have a default tree_limit in place. if tree_limit is None: tree_limit = -1 if self.model.tree_limit is None else self.model.tree_limit # shortcut using the C++ version of Tree SHAP in XGBoost if self.model.model_type == "xgboost": assert_import("xgboost") if not str(type(X)).endswith("xgboost.core.DMatrix'>"): X = xgboost.DMatrix(X) if tree_limit == -1: tree_limit = 0 phi = self.model.original_model.predict(X, ntree_limit=tree_limit, pred_interactions=True) # note we pull off the last column and keep it as our expected_value if len(phi.shape) == 4: self.expected_value = [phi[0, i, -1, -1] for i in range(phi.shape[1])] return [phi[:, i, :-1, :-1] for i in range(phi.shape[1])] else: self.expected_value = phi[0, -1, -1] return phi[:, :-1, :-1] # convert dataframes if str(type(X)).endswith("pandas.core.series.Series'>"): X = X.values elif str(type(X)).endswith("pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>"): X = X.values flat_output = False if len(X.shape) == 1: flat_output = True X = X.reshape(1, X.shape[0]) if X.dtype != self.model.dtype: X = X.astype(self.model.dtype) X_missing = np.isnan(X, dtype=np.bool) assert str(type(X)).endswith("'numpy.ndarray'>"), "Unknown instance type: " + str(type(X)) assert len(X.shape) == 2, "Passed input data matrix X must have 1 or 2 dimensions!" if tree_limit < 0 or tree_limit > self.model.values.shape[0]: tree_limit = self.model.values.shape[0] # run the core algorithm using the C extension assert_import("cext") phi = np.zeros((X.shape[0], X.shape[1]+1, X.shape[1]+1, self.model.n_outputs)) _cext.dense_tree_shap( self.model.children_left, self.model.children_right, self.model.children_default, self.model.features, self.model.thresholds, self.model.values, self.model.node_sample_weight, self.model.max_depth, X, X_missing, y, self.data, self.data_missing, tree_limit, self.model.base_offset, phi, feature_dependence_codes[self.feature_dependence], output_transform_codes[transform], True ) # note we pull off the last column and keep it as our expected_value if self.model.n_outputs == 1: self.expected_value = phi[0, -1, -1, 0] if flat_output: return phi[0, :-1, :-1, 0] else: return phi[:, :-1, :-1, 0] else: self.expected_value = [phi[0, -1, -1, i] for i in range(phi.shape[3])] if flat_output: return [phi[0, :-1, :-1, i] for i in range(self.model.n_outputs)] else: return [phi[:, :-1, :-1, i] for i in range(self.model.n_outputs)]
python
def shap_interaction_values(self, X, y=None, tree_limit=None): """ Estimate the SHAP interaction values for a set of samples. Parameters ---------- X : numpy.array, pandas.DataFrame or catboost.Pool (for catboost) A matrix of samples (# samples x # features) on which to explain the model's output. y : numpy.array An array of label values for each sample. Used when explaining loss functions (not yet supported). tree_limit : None (default) or int Limit the number of trees used by the model. By default None means no use the limit of the original model, and -1 means no limit. Returns ------- For models with a single output this returns a tensor of SHAP values (# samples x # features x # features). The matrix (# features x # features) for each sample sums to the difference between the model output for that sample and the expected value of the model output (which is stored in the expected_value attribute of the explainer). Each row of this matrix sums to the SHAP value for that feature for that sample. The diagonal entries of the matrix represent the "main effect" of that feature on the prediction and the symmetric off-diagonal entries represent the interaction effects between all pairs of features for that sample. For models with vector outputs this returns a list of tensors, one for each output. """ assert self.model_output == "margin", "Only model_output = \"margin\" is supported for SHAP interaction values right now!" assert self.feature_dependence == "tree_path_dependent", "Only feature_dependence = \"tree_path_dependent\" is supported for SHAP interaction values right now!" transform = "identity" # see if we have a default tree_limit in place. if tree_limit is None: tree_limit = -1 if self.model.tree_limit is None else self.model.tree_limit # shortcut using the C++ version of Tree SHAP in XGBoost if self.model.model_type == "xgboost": assert_import("xgboost") if not str(type(X)).endswith("xgboost.core.DMatrix'>"): X = xgboost.DMatrix(X) if tree_limit == -1: tree_limit = 0 phi = self.model.original_model.predict(X, ntree_limit=tree_limit, pred_interactions=True) # note we pull off the last column and keep it as our expected_value if len(phi.shape) == 4: self.expected_value = [phi[0, i, -1, -1] for i in range(phi.shape[1])] return [phi[:, i, :-1, :-1] for i in range(phi.shape[1])] else: self.expected_value = phi[0, -1, -1] return phi[:, :-1, :-1] # convert dataframes if str(type(X)).endswith("pandas.core.series.Series'>"): X = X.values elif str(type(X)).endswith("pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>"): X = X.values flat_output = False if len(X.shape) == 1: flat_output = True X = X.reshape(1, X.shape[0]) if X.dtype != self.model.dtype: X = X.astype(self.model.dtype) X_missing = np.isnan(X, dtype=np.bool) assert str(type(X)).endswith("'numpy.ndarray'>"), "Unknown instance type: " + str(type(X)) assert len(X.shape) == 2, "Passed input data matrix X must have 1 or 2 dimensions!" if tree_limit < 0 or tree_limit > self.model.values.shape[0]: tree_limit = self.model.values.shape[0] # run the core algorithm using the C extension assert_import("cext") phi = np.zeros((X.shape[0], X.shape[1]+1, X.shape[1]+1, self.model.n_outputs)) _cext.dense_tree_shap( self.model.children_left, self.model.children_right, self.model.children_default, self.model.features, self.model.thresholds, self.model.values, self.model.node_sample_weight, self.model.max_depth, X, X_missing, y, self.data, self.data_missing, tree_limit, self.model.base_offset, phi, feature_dependence_codes[self.feature_dependence], output_transform_codes[transform], True ) # note we pull off the last column and keep it as our expected_value if self.model.n_outputs == 1: self.expected_value = phi[0, -1, -1, 0] if flat_output: return phi[0, :-1, :-1, 0] else: return phi[:, :-1, :-1, 0] else: self.expected_value = [phi[0, -1, -1, i] for i in range(phi.shape[3])] if flat_output: return [phi[0, :-1, :-1, i] for i in range(self.model.n_outputs)] else: return [phi[:, :-1, :-1, i] for i in range(self.model.n_outputs)]
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Estimate the SHAP interaction values for a set of samples. Parameters ---------- X : numpy.array, pandas.DataFrame or catboost.Pool (for catboost) A matrix of samples (# samples x # features) on which to explain the model's output. y : numpy.array An array of label values for each sample. Used when explaining loss functions (not yet supported). tree_limit : None (default) or int Limit the number of trees used by the model. By default None means no use the limit of the original model, and -1 means no limit. Returns ------- For models with a single output this returns a tensor of SHAP values (# samples x # features x # features). The matrix (# features x # features) for each sample sums to the difference between the model output for that sample and the expected value of the model output (which is stored in the expected_value attribute of the explainer). Each row of this matrix sums to the SHAP value for that feature for that sample. The diagonal entries of the matrix represent the "main effect" of that feature on the prediction and the symmetric off-diagonal entries represent the interaction effects between all pairs of features for that sample. For models with vector outputs this returns a list of tensors, one for each output.
[ "Estimate", "the", "SHAP", "interaction", "values", "for", "a", "set", "of", "samples", "." ]
b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/explainers/tree.py#L265-L358
train
slundberg/shap
shap/explainers/tree.py
TreeEnsemble.get_transform
def get_transform(self, model_output): """ A consistent interface to make predictions from this model. """ if model_output == "margin": transform = "identity" elif model_output == "probability": if self.tree_output == "log_odds": transform = "logistic" elif self.tree_output == "probability": transform = "identity" else: raise Exception("model_output = \"probability\" is not yet supported when model.tree_output = \"" + self.tree_output + "\"!") elif model_output == "logloss": if self.objective == "squared_error": transform = "squared_loss" elif self.objective == "binary_crossentropy": transform = "logistic_nlogloss" else: raise Exception("model_output = \"logloss\" is not yet supported when model.objective = \"" + self.objective + "\"!") return transform
python
def get_transform(self, model_output): """ A consistent interface to make predictions from this model. """ if model_output == "margin": transform = "identity" elif model_output == "probability": if self.tree_output == "log_odds": transform = "logistic" elif self.tree_output == "probability": transform = "identity" else: raise Exception("model_output = \"probability\" is not yet supported when model.tree_output = \"" + self.tree_output + "\"!") elif model_output == "logloss": if self.objective == "squared_error": transform = "squared_loss" elif self.objective == "binary_crossentropy": transform = "logistic_nlogloss" else: raise Exception("model_output = \"logloss\" is not yet supported when model.objective = \"" + self.objective + "\"!") return transform
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A consistent interface to make predictions from this model.
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b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/explainers/tree.py#L633-L653
train
slundberg/shap
shap/explainers/tree.py
TreeEnsemble.predict
def predict(self, X, y=None, output="margin", tree_limit=None): """ A consistent interface to make predictions from this model. Parameters ---------- tree_limit : None (default) or int Limit the number of trees used by the model. By default None means no use the limit of the original model, and -1 means no limit. """ # see if we have a default tree_limit in place. if tree_limit is None: tree_limit = -1 if self.tree_limit is None else self.tree_limit # convert dataframes if str(type(X)).endswith("pandas.core.series.Series'>"): X = X.values elif str(type(X)).endswith("pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>"): X = X.values flat_output = False if len(X.shape) == 1: flat_output = True X = X.reshape(1, X.shape[0]) if X.dtype != self.dtype: X = X.astype(self.dtype) X_missing = np.isnan(X, dtype=np.bool) assert str(type(X)).endswith("'numpy.ndarray'>"), "Unknown instance type: " + str(type(X)) assert len(X.shape) == 2, "Passed input data matrix X must have 1 or 2 dimensions!" if tree_limit < 0 or tree_limit > self.values.shape[0]: tree_limit = self.values.shape[0] if output == "logloss": assert y is not None, "Both samples and labels must be provided when explaining the loss (i.e. `explainer.shap_values(X, y)`)!" assert X.shape[0] == len(y), "The number of labels (%d) does not match the number of samples to explain (%d)!" % (len(y), X.shape[0]) transform = self.get_transform(output) if True or self.model_type == "internal": output = np.zeros((X.shape[0], self.n_outputs)) assert_import("cext") _cext.dense_tree_predict( self.children_left, self.children_right, self.children_default, self.features, self.thresholds, self.values, self.max_depth, tree_limit, self.base_offset, output_transform_codes[transform], X, X_missing, y, output ) elif self.model_type == "xgboost": assert_import("xgboost") output = self.original_model.predict(X, output_margin=True, tree_limit=tree_limit) # drop dimensions we don't need if flat_output: if self.n_outputs == 1: return output.flatten()[0] else: return output.reshape(-1, self.n_outputs) else: if self.n_outputs == 1: return output.flatten() else: return output
python
def predict(self, X, y=None, output="margin", tree_limit=None): """ A consistent interface to make predictions from this model. Parameters ---------- tree_limit : None (default) or int Limit the number of trees used by the model. By default None means no use the limit of the original model, and -1 means no limit. """ # see if we have a default tree_limit in place. if tree_limit is None: tree_limit = -1 if self.tree_limit is None else self.tree_limit # convert dataframes if str(type(X)).endswith("pandas.core.series.Series'>"): X = X.values elif str(type(X)).endswith("pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>"): X = X.values flat_output = False if len(X.shape) == 1: flat_output = True X = X.reshape(1, X.shape[0]) if X.dtype != self.dtype: X = X.astype(self.dtype) X_missing = np.isnan(X, dtype=np.bool) assert str(type(X)).endswith("'numpy.ndarray'>"), "Unknown instance type: " + str(type(X)) assert len(X.shape) == 2, "Passed input data matrix X must have 1 or 2 dimensions!" if tree_limit < 0 or tree_limit > self.values.shape[0]: tree_limit = self.values.shape[0] if output == "logloss": assert y is not None, "Both samples and labels must be provided when explaining the loss (i.e. `explainer.shap_values(X, y)`)!" assert X.shape[0] == len(y), "The number of labels (%d) does not match the number of samples to explain (%d)!" % (len(y), X.shape[0]) transform = self.get_transform(output) if True or self.model_type == "internal": output = np.zeros((X.shape[0], self.n_outputs)) assert_import("cext") _cext.dense_tree_predict( self.children_left, self.children_right, self.children_default, self.features, self.thresholds, self.values, self.max_depth, tree_limit, self.base_offset, output_transform_codes[transform], X, X_missing, y, output ) elif self.model_type == "xgboost": assert_import("xgboost") output = self.original_model.predict(X, output_margin=True, tree_limit=tree_limit) # drop dimensions we don't need if flat_output: if self.n_outputs == 1: return output.flatten()[0] else: return output.reshape(-1, self.n_outputs) else: if self.n_outputs == 1: return output.flatten() else: return output
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A consistent interface to make predictions from this model. Parameters ---------- tree_limit : None (default) or int Limit the number of trees used by the model. By default None means no use the limit of the original model, and -1 means no limit.
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b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/explainers/tree.py#L655-L716
train
slundberg/shap
shap/explainers/gradient.py
GradientExplainer.shap_values
def shap_values(self, X, nsamples=200, ranked_outputs=None, output_rank_order="max", rseed=None): """ Return the values for the model applied to X. Parameters ---------- X : list, if framework == 'tensorflow': numpy.array, or pandas.DataFrame if framework == 'pytorch': torch.tensor A tensor (or list of tensors) of samples (where X.shape[0] == # samples) on which to explain the model's output. ranked_outputs : None or int If ranked_outputs is None then we explain all the outputs in a multi-output model. If ranked_outputs is a positive integer then we only explain that many of the top model outputs (where "top" is determined by output_rank_order). Note that this causes a pair of values to be returned (shap_values, indexes), where phi is a list of numpy arrays for each of the output ranks, and indexes is a matrix that tells for each sample which output indexes were choses as "top". output_rank_order : "max", "min", "max_abs", or "custom" How to order the model outputs when using ranked_outputs, either by maximum, minimum, or maximum absolute value. If "custom" Then "ranked_outputs" contains a list of output nodes. rseed : None or int Seeding the randomness in shap value computation (background example choice, interpolation between current and background example, smoothing). Returns ------- For a models with a single output this returns a tensor of SHAP values with the same shape as X. For a model with multiple outputs this returns a list of SHAP value tensors, each of which are the same shape as X. If ranked_outputs is None then this list of tensors matches the number of model outputs. If ranked_outputs is a positive integer a pair is returned (shap_values, indexes), where shap_values is a list of tensors with a length of ranked_outputs, and indexes is a matrix that tells for each sample which output indexes were chosen as "top". """ return self.explainer.shap_values(X, nsamples, ranked_outputs, output_rank_order, rseed)
python
def shap_values(self, X, nsamples=200, ranked_outputs=None, output_rank_order="max", rseed=None): """ Return the values for the model applied to X. Parameters ---------- X : list, if framework == 'tensorflow': numpy.array, or pandas.DataFrame if framework == 'pytorch': torch.tensor A tensor (or list of tensors) of samples (where X.shape[0] == # samples) on which to explain the model's output. ranked_outputs : None or int If ranked_outputs is None then we explain all the outputs in a multi-output model. If ranked_outputs is a positive integer then we only explain that many of the top model outputs (where "top" is determined by output_rank_order). Note that this causes a pair of values to be returned (shap_values, indexes), where phi is a list of numpy arrays for each of the output ranks, and indexes is a matrix that tells for each sample which output indexes were choses as "top". output_rank_order : "max", "min", "max_abs", or "custom" How to order the model outputs when using ranked_outputs, either by maximum, minimum, or maximum absolute value. If "custom" Then "ranked_outputs" contains a list of output nodes. rseed : None or int Seeding the randomness in shap value computation (background example choice, interpolation between current and background example, smoothing). Returns ------- For a models with a single output this returns a tensor of SHAP values with the same shape as X. For a model with multiple outputs this returns a list of SHAP value tensors, each of which are the same shape as X. If ranked_outputs is None then this list of tensors matches the number of model outputs. If ranked_outputs is a positive integer a pair is returned (shap_values, indexes), where shap_values is a list of tensors with a length of ranked_outputs, and indexes is a matrix that tells for each sample which output indexes were chosen as "top". """ return self.explainer.shap_values(X, nsamples, ranked_outputs, output_rank_order, rseed)
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Return the values for the model applied to X. Parameters ---------- X : list, if framework == 'tensorflow': numpy.array, or pandas.DataFrame if framework == 'pytorch': torch.tensor A tensor (or list of tensors) of samples (where X.shape[0] == # samples) on which to explain the model's output. ranked_outputs : None or int If ranked_outputs is None then we explain all the outputs in a multi-output model. If ranked_outputs is a positive integer then we only explain that many of the top model outputs (where "top" is determined by output_rank_order). Note that this causes a pair of values to be returned (shap_values, indexes), where phi is a list of numpy arrays for each of the output ranks, and indexes is a matrix that tells for each sample which output indexes were choses as "top". output_rank_order : "max", "min", "max_abs", or "custom" How to order the model outputs when using ranked_outputs, either by maximum, minimum, or maximum absolute value. If "custom" Then "ranked_outputs" contains a list of output nodes. rseed : None or int Seeding the randomness in shap value computation (background example choice, interpolation between current and background example, smoothing). Returns ------- For a models with a single output this returns a tensor of SHAP values with the same shape as X. For a model with multiple outputs this returns a list of SHAP value tensors, each of which are the same shape as X. If ranked_outputs is None then this list of tensors matches the number of model outputs. If ranked_outputs is a positive integer a pair is returned (shap_values, indexes), where shap_values is a list of tensors with a length of ranked_outputs, and indexes is a matrix that tells for each sample which output indexes were chosen as "top".
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b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/explainers/gradient.py#L75-L112
train
slundberg/shap
shap/plots/force.py
force_plot
def force_plot(base_value, shap_values, features=None, feature_names=None, out_names=None, link="identity", plot_cmap="RdBu", matplotlib=False, show=True, figsize=(20,3), ordering_keys=None, ordering_keys_time_format=None, text_rotation=0): """ Visualize the given SHAP values with an additive force layout. Parameters ---------- base_value : float This is the reference value that the feature contributions start from. For SHAP values it should be the value of explainer.expected_value. shap_values : numpy.array Matrix of SHAP values (# features) or (# samples x # features). If this is a 1D array then a single force plot will be drawn, if it is a 2D array then a stacked force plot will be drawn. features : numpy.array Matrix of feature values (# features) or (# samples x # features). This provides the values of all the features, and should be the same shape as the shap_values argument. feature_names : list List of feature names (# features). out_names : str The name of the outout of the model (plural to support multi-output plotting in the future). link : "identity" or "logit" The transformation used when drawing the tick mark labels. Using logit will change log-odds numbers into probabilities. matplotlib : bool Whether to use the default Javascript output, or the (less developed) matplotlib output. Using matplotlib can be helpful in scenarios where rendering Javascript/HTML is inconvenient. """ # auto unwrap the base_value if type(base_value) == np.ndarray and len(base_value) == 1: base_value = base_value[0] if (type(base_value) == np.ndarray or type(base_value) == list): if type(shap_values) != list or len(shap_values) != len(base_value): raise Exception("In v0.20 force_plot now requires the base value as the first parameter! " \ "Try shap.force_plot(explainer.expected_value, shap_values) or " \ "for multi-output models try " \ "shap.force_plot(explainer.expected_value[0], shap_values[0]).") assert not type(shap_values) == list, "The shap_values arg looks looks multi output, try shap_values[i]." link = convert_to_link(link) if type(shap_values) != np.ndarray: return visualize(shap_values) # convert from a DataFrame or other types if str(type(features)) == "<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>": if feature_names is None: feature_names = list(features.columns) features = features.values elif str(type(features)) == "<class 'pandas.core.series.Series'>": if feature_names is None: feature_names = list(features.index) features = features.values elif isinstance(features, list): if feature_names is None: feature_names = features features = None elif features is not None and len(features.shape) == 1 and feature_names is None: feature_names = features features = None if len(shap_values.shape) == 1: shap_values = np.reshape(shap_values, (1, len(shap_values))) if out_names is None: out_names = ["output value"] elif type(out_names) == str: out_names = [out_names] if shap_values.shape[0] == 1: if feature_names is None: feature_names = [labels['FEATURE'] % str(i) for i in range(shap_values.shape[1])] if features is None: features = ["" for _ in range(len(feature_names))] if type(features) == np.ndarray: features = features.flatten() # check that the shape of the shap_values and features match if len(features) != shap_values.shape[1]: msg = "Length of features is not equal to the length of shap_values!" if len(features) == shap_values.shape[1] - 1: msg += " You might be using an old format shap_values array with the base value " \ "as the last column. In this case just pass the array without the last column." raise Exception(msg) instance = Instance(np.zeros((1, len(feature_names))), features) e = AdditiveExplanation( base_value, np.sum(shap_values[0, :]) + base_value, shap_values[0, :], None, instance, link, Model(None, out_names), DenseData(np.zeros((1, len(feature_names))), list(feature_names)) ) return visualize(e, plot_cmap, matplotlib, figsize=figsize, show=show, text_rotation=text_rotation) else: if matplotlib: raise Exception("matplotlib = True is not yet supported for force plots with multiple samples!") if shap_values.shape[0] > 3000: warnings.warn("shap.force_plot is slow for many thousands of rows, try subsampling your data.") exps = [] for i in range(shap_values.shape[0]): if feature_names is None: feature_names = [labels['FEATURE'] % str(i) for i in range(shap_values.shape[1])] if features is None: display_features = ["" for i in range(len(feature_names))] else: display_features = features[i, :] instance = Instance(np.ones((1, len(feature_names))), display_features) e = AdditiveExplanation( base_value, np.sum(shap_values[i, :]) + base_value, shap_values[i, :], None, instance, link, Model(None, out_names), DenseData(np.ones((1, len(feature_names))), list(feature_names)) ) exps.append(e) return visualize( exps, plot_cmap=plot_cmap, ordering_keys=ordering_keys, ordering_keys_time_format=ordering_keys_time_format, text_rotation=text_rotation )
python
def force_plot(base_value, shap_values, features=None, feature_names=None, out_names=None, link="identity", plot_cmap="RdBu", matplotlib=False, show=True, figsize=(20,3), ordering_keys=None, ordering_keys_time_format=None, text_rotation=0): """ Visualize the given SHAP values with an additive force layout. Parameters ---------- base_value : float This is the reference value that the feature contributions start from. For SHAP values it should be the value of explainer.expected_value. shap_values : numpy.array Matrix of SHAP values (# features) or (# samples x # features). If this is a 1D array then a single force plot will be drawn, if it is a 2D array then a stacked force plot will be drawn. features : numpy.array Matrix of feature values (# features) or (# samples x # features). This provides the values of all the features, and should be the same shape as the shap_values argument. feature_names : list List of feature names (# features). out_names : str The name of the outout of the model (plural to support multi-output plotting in the future). link : "identity" or "logit" The transformation used when drawing the tick mark labels. Using logit will change log-odds numbers into probabilities. matplotlib : bool Whether to use the default Javascript output, or the (less developed) matplotlib output. Using matplotlib can be helpful in scenarios where rendering Javascript/HTML is inconvenient. """ # auto unwrap the base_value if type(base_value) == np.ndarray and len(base_value) == 1: base_value = base_value[0] if (type(base_value) == np.ndarray or type(base_value) == list): if type(shap_values) != list or len(shap_values) != len(base_value): raise Exception("In v0.20 force_plot now requires the base value as the first parameter! " \ "Try shap.force_plot(explainer.expected_value, shap_values) or " \ "for multi-output models try " \ "shap.force_plot(explainer.expected_value[0], shap_values[0]).") assert not type(shap_values) == list, "The shap_values arg looks looks multi output, try shap_values[i]." link = convert_to_link(link) if type(shap_values) != np.ndarray: return visualize(shap_values) # convert from a DataFrame or other types if str(type(features)) == "<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>": if feature_names is None: feature_names = list(features.columns) features = features.values elif str(type(features)) == "<class 'pandas.core.series.Series'>": if feature_names is None: feature_names = list(features.index) features = features.values elif isinstance(features, list): if feature_names is None: feature_names = features features = None elif features is not None and len(features.shape) == 1 and feature_names is None: feature_names = features features = None if len(shap_values.shape) == 1: shap_values = np.reshape(shap_values, (1, len(shap_values))) if out_names is None: out_names = ["output value"] elif type(out_names) == str: out_names = [out_names] if shap_values.shape[0] == 1: if feature_names is None: feature_names = [labels['FEATURE'] % str(i) for i in range(shap_values.shape[1])] if features is None: features = ["" for _ in range(len(feature_names))] if type(features) == np.ndarray: features = features.flatten() # check that the shape of the shap_values and features match if len(features) != shap_values.shape[1]: msg = "Length of features is not equal to the length of shap_values!" if len(features) == shap_values.shape[1] - 1: msg += " You might be using an old format shap_values array with the base value " \ "as the last column. In this case just pass the array without the last column." raise Exception(msg) instance = Instance(np.zeros((1, len(feature_names))), features) e = AdditiveExplanation( base_value, np.sum(shap_values[0, :]) + base_value, shap_values[0, :], None, instance, link, Model(None, out_names), DenseData(np.zeros((1, len(feature_names))), list(feature_names)) ) return visualize(e, plot_cmap, matplotlib, figsize=figsize, show=show, text_rotation=text_rotation) else: if matplotlib: raise Exception("matplotlib = True is not yet supported for force plots with multiple samples!") if shap_values.shape[0] > 3000: warnings.warn("shap.force_plot is slow for many thousands of rows, try subsampling your data.") exps = [] for i in range(shap_values.shape[0]): if feature_names is None: feature_names = [labels['FEATURE'] % str(i) for i in range(shap_values.shape[1])] if features is None: display_features = ["" for i in range(len(feature_names))] else: display_features = features[i, :] instance = Instance(np.ones((1, len(feature_names))), display_features) e = AdditiveExplanation( base_value, np.sum(shap_values[i, :]) + base_value, shap_values[i, :], None, instance, link, Model(None, out_names), DenseData(np.ones((1, len(feature_names))), list(feature_names)) ) exps.append(e) return visualize( exps, plot_cmap=plot_cmap, ordering_keys=ordering_keys, ordering_keys_time_format=ordering_keys_time_format, text_rotation=text_rotation )
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Visualize the given SHAP values with an additive force layout. Parameters ---------- base_value : float This is the reference value that the feature contributions start from. For SHAP values it should be the value of explainer.expected_value. shap_values : numpy.array Matrix of SHAP values (# features) or (# samples x # features). If this is a 1D array then a single force plot will be drawn, if it is a 2D array then a stacked force plot will be drawn. features : numpy.array Matrix of feature values (# features) or (# samples x # features). This provides the values of all the features, and should be the same shape as the shap_values argument. feature_names : list List of feature names (# features). out_names : str The name of the outout of the model (plural to support multi-output plotting in the future). link : "identity" or "logit" The transformation used when drawing the tick mark labels. Using logit will change log-odds numbers into probabilities. matplotlib : bool Whether to use the default Javascript output, or the (less developed) matplotlib output. Using matplotlib can be helpful in scenarios where rendering Javascript/HTML is inconvenient.
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b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/plots/force.py#L27-L171
train
slundberg/shap
shap/plots/force.py
save_html
def save_html(out_file, plot_html): """ Save html plots to an output file. """ internal_open = False if type(out_file) == str: out_file = open(out_file, "w") internal_open = True out_file.write("<html><head><script>\n") # dump the js code bundle_path = os.path.join(os.path.split(__file__)[0], "resources", "bundle.js") with io.open(bundle_path, encoding="utf-8") as f: bundle_data = f.read() out_file.write(bundle_data) out_file.write("</script></head><body>\n") out_file.write(plot_html.data) out_file.write("</body></html>\n") if internal_open: out_file.close()
python
def save_html(out_file, plot_html): """ Save html plots to an output file. """ internal_open = False if type(out_file) == str: out_file = open(out_file, "w") internal_open = True out_file.write("<html><head><script>\n") # dump the js code bundle_path = os.path.join(os.path.split(__file__)[0], "resources", "bundle.js") with io.open(bundle_path, encoding="utf-8") as f: bundle_data = f.read() out_file.write(bundle_data) out_file.write("</script></head><body>\n") out_file.write(plot_html.data) out_file.write("</body></html>\n") if internal_open: out_file.close()
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Save html plots to an output file.
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b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/plots/force.py#L217-L239
train
slundberg/shap
shap/explainers/deep/deep_tf.py
tensors_blocked_by_false
def tensors_blocked_by_false(ops): """ Follows a set of ops assuming their value is False and find blocked Switch paths. This is used to prune away parts of the model graph that are only used during the training phase (like dropout, batch norm, etc.). """ blocked = [] def recurse(op): if op.type == "Switch": blocked.append(op.outputs[1]) # the true path is blocked since we assume the ops we trace are False else: for out in op.outputs: for c in out.consumers(): recurse(c) for op in ops: recurse(op) return blocked
python
def tensors_blocked_by_false(ops): """ Follows a set of ops assuming their value is False and find blocked Switch paths. This is used to prune away parts of the model graph that are only used during the training phase (like dropout, batch norm, etc.). """ blocked = [] def recurse(op): if op.type == "Switch": blocked.append(op.outputs[1]) # the true path is blocked since we assume the ops we trace are False else: for out in op.outputs: for c in out.consumers(): recurse(c) for op in ops: recurse(op) return blocked
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Follows a set of ops assuming their value is False and find blocked Switch paths. This is used to prune away parts of the model graph that are only used during the training phase (like dropout, batch norm, etc.).
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b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/explainers/deep/deep_tf.py#L290-L307
train
slundberg/shap
shap/explainers/deep/deep_tf.py
softmax
def softmax(explainer, op, *grads): """ Just decompose softmax into its components and recurse, we can handle all of them :) We assume the 'axis' is the last dimension because the TF codebase swaps the 'axis' to the last dimension before the softmax op if 'axis' is not already the last dimension. We also don't subtract the max before tf.exp for numerical stability since that might mess up the attributions and it seems like TensorFlow doesn't define softmax that way (according to the docs) """ in0 = op.inputs[0] in0_max = tf.reduce_max(in0, axis=-1, keepdims=True, name="in0_max") in0_centered = in0 - in0_max evals = tf.exp(in0_centered, name="custom_exp") rsum = tf.reduce_sum(evals, axis=-1, keepdims=True) div = evals / rsum explainer.between_ops.extend([evals.op, rsum.op, div.op, in0_centered.op]) # mark these as in-between the inputs and outputs out = tf.gradients(div, in0_centered, grad_ys=grads[0])[0] del explainer.between_ops[-4:] # rescale to account for our shift by in0_max (which we did for numerical stability) xin0,rin0 = tf.split(in0, 2) xin0_centered,rin0_centered = tf.split(in0_centered, 2) delta_in0 = xin0 - rin0 dup0 = [2] + [1 for i in delta_in0.shape[1:]] return tf.where( tf.tile(tf.abs(delta_in0), dup0) < 1e-6, out, out * tf.tile((xin0_centered - rin0_centered) / delta_in0, dup0) )
python
def softmax(explainer, op, *grads): """ Just decompose softmax into its components and recurse, we can handle all of them :) We assume the 'axis' is the last dimension because the TF codebase swaps the 'axis' to the last dimension before the softmax op if 'axis' is not already the last dimension. We also don't subtract the max before tf.exp for numerical stability since that might mess up the attributions and it seems like TensorFlow doesn't define softmax that way (according to the docs) """ in0 = op.inputs[0] in0_max = tf.reduce_max(in0, axis=-1, keepdims=True, name="in0_max") in0_centered = in0 - in0_max evals = tf.exp(in0_centered, name="custom_exp") rsum = tf.reduce_sum(evals, axis=-1, keepdims=True) div = evals / rsum explainer.between_ops.extend([evals.op, rsum.op, div.op, in0_centered.op]) # mark these as in-between the inputs and outputs out = tf.gradients(div, in0_centered, grad_ys=grads[0])[0] del explainer.between_ops[-4:] # rescale to account for our shift by in0_max (which we did for numerical stability) xin0,rin0 = tf.split(in0, 2) xin0_centered,rin0_centered = tf.split(in0_centered, 2) delta_in0 = xin0 - rin0 dup0 = [2] + [1 for i in delta_in0.shape[1:]] return tf.where( tf.tile(tf.abs(delta_in0), dup0) < 1e-6, out, out * tf.tile((xin0_centered - rin0_centered) / delta_in0, dup0) )
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Just decompose softmax into its components and recurse, we can handle all of them :) We assume the 'axis' is the last dimension because the TF codebase swaps the 'axis' to the last dimension before the softmax op if 'axis' is not already the last dimension. We also don't subtract the max before tf.exp for numerical stability since that might mess up the attributions and it seems like TensorFlow doesn't define softmax that way (according to the docs)
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b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/explainers/deep/deep_tf.py#L335-L363
train
slundberg/shap
shap/explainers/deep/deep_tf.py
TFDeepExplainer._variable_inputs
def _variable_inputs(self, op): """ Return which inputs of this operation are variable (i.e. depend on the model inputs). """ if op.name not in self._vinputs: self._vinputs[op.name] = np.array([t.op in self.between_ops or t in self.model_inputs for t in op.inputs]) return self._vinputs[op.name]
python
def _variable_inputs(self, op): """ Return which inputs of this operation are variable (i.e. depend on the model inputs). """ if op.name not in self._vinputs: self._vinputs[op.name] = np.array([t.op in self.between_ops or t in self.model_inputs for t in op.inputs]) return self._vinputs[op.name]
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Return which inputs of this operation are variable (i.e. depend on the model inputs).
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b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/explainers/deep/deep_tf.py#L171-L176
train
slundberg/shap
shap/explainers/deep/deep_tf.py
TFDeepExplainer.phi_symbolic
def phi_symbolic(self, i): """ Get the SHAP value computation graph for a given model output. """ if self.phi_symbolics[i] is None: # replace the gradients for all the non-linear activations # we do this by hacking our way into the registry (TODO: find a public API for this if it exists) reg = tf_ops._gradient_registry._registry for n in op_handlers: if n in reg: self.orig_grads[n] = reg[n]["type"] if op_handlers[n] is not passthrough: reg[n]["type"] = self.custom_grad elif n in self.used_types: raise Exception(n + " was used in the model but is not in the gradient registry!") # In TensorFlow 1.10 they started pruning out nodes that they think can't be backpropped # unfortunately that includes the index of embedding layers so we disable that check here if hasattr(tf_gradients_impl, "_IsBackpropagatable"): orig_IsBackpropagatable = tf_gradients_impl._IsBackpropagatable tf_gradients_impl._IsBackpropagatable = lambda tensor: True # define the computation graph for the attribution values using custom a gradient-like computation try: out = self.model_output[:,i] if self.multi_output else self.model_output self.phi_symbolics[i] = tf.gradients(out, self.model_inputs) finally: # reinstate the backpropagatable check if hasattr(tf_gradients_impl, "_IsBackpropagatable"): tf_gradients_impl._IsBackpropagatable = orig_IsBackpropagatable # restore the original gradient definitions for n in op_handlers: if n in reg: reg[n]["type"] = self.orig_grads[n] return self.phi_symbolics[i]
python
def phi_symbolic(self, i): """ Get the SHAP value computation graph for a given model output. """ if self.phi_symbolics[i] is None: # replace the gradients for all the non-linear activations # we do this by hacking our way into the registry (TODO: find a public API for this if it exists) reg = tf_ops._gradient_registry._registry for n in op_handlers: if n in reg: self.orig_grads[n] = reg[n]["type"] if op_handlers[n] is not passthrough: reg[n]["type"] = self.custom_grad elif n in self.used_types: raise Exception(n + " was used in the model but is not in the gradient registry!") # In TensorFlow 1.10 they started pruning out nodes that they think can't be backpropped # unfortunately that includes the index of embedding layers so we disable that check here if hasattr(tf_gradients_impl, "_IsBackpropagatable"): orig_IsBackpropagatable = tf_gradients_impl._IsBackpropagatable tf_gradients_impl._IsBackpropagatable = lambda tensor: True # define the computation graph for the attribution values using custom a gradient-like computation try: out = self.model_output[:,i] if self.multi_output else self.model_output self.phi_symbolics[i] = tf.gradients(out, self.model_inputs) finally: # reinstate the backpropagatable check if hasattr(tf_gradients_impl, "_IsBackpropagatable"): tf_gradients_impl._IsBackpropagatable = orig_IsBackpropagatable # restore the original gradient definitions for n in op_handlers: if n in reg: reg[n]["type"] = self.orig_grads[n] return self.phi_symbolics[i]
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Get the SHAP value computation graph for a given model output.
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b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/explainers/deep/deep_tf.py#L178-L214
train
slundberg/shap
shap/explainers/deep/deep_tf.py
TFDeepExplainer.run
def run(self, out, model_inputs, X): """ Runs the model while also setting the learning phase flags to False. """ feed_dict = dict(zip(model_inputs, X)) for t in self.learning_phase_flags: feed_dict[t] = False return self.session.run(out, feed_dict)
python
def run(self, out, model_inputs, X): """ Runs the model while also setting the learning phase flags to False. """ feed_dict = dict(zip(model_inputs, X)) for t in self.learning_phase_flags: feed_dict[t] = False return self.session.run(out, feed_dict)
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Runs the model while also setting the learning phase flags to False.
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b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/explainers/deep/deep_tf.py#L276-L282
train
slundberg/shap
shap/explainers/deep/deep_tf.py
TFDeepExplainer.custom_grad
def custom_grad(self, op, *grads): """ Passes a gradient op creation request to the correct handler. """ return op_handlers[op.type](self, op, *grads)
python
def custom_grad(self, op, *grads): """ Passes a gradient op creation request to the correct handler. """ return op_handlers[op.type](self, op, *grads)
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Passes a gradient op creation request to the correct handler.
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b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/explainers/deep/deep_tf.py#L284-L287
train
slundberg/shap
shap/benchmark/experiments.py
run_remote_experiments
def run_remote_experiments(experiments, thread_hosts, rate_limit=10): """ Use ssh to run the experiments on remote machines in parallel. Parameters ---------- experiments : iterable Output of shap.benchmark.experiments(...). thread_hosts : list of strings Each host has the format "host_name:path_to_python_binary" and can appear multiple times in the list (one for each parallel execution you want on that machine). rate_limit : int How many ssh connections we make per minute to each host (to avoid throttling issues). """ global ssh_conn_per_min_limit ssh_conn_per_min_limit = rate_limit # first we kill any remaining workers from previous runs # note we don't check_call because pkill kills our ssh call as well thread_hosts = copy.copy(thread_hosts) random.shuffle(thread_hosts) for host in set(thread_hosts): hostname,_ = host.split(":") try: subprocess.run(["ssh", hostname, "pkill -f shap.benchmark.run_experiment"], timeout=15) except subprocess.TimeoutExpired: print("Failed to connect to", hostname, "after 15 seconds! Exiting.") return experiments = copy.copy(list(experiments)) random.shuffle(experiments) # this way all the hard experiments don't get put on one machine global nexperiments, total_sent, total_done, total_failed, host_records nexperiments = len(experiments) total_sent = 0 total_done = 0 total_failed = 0 host_records = {} q = Queue() for host in thread_hosts: worker = Thread(target=__thread_worker, args=(q, host)) worker.setDaemon(True) worker.start() for experiment in experiments: q.put(experiment) q.join()
python
def run_remote_experiments(experiments, thread_hosts, rate_limit=10): """ Use ssh to run the experiments on remote machines in parallel. Parameters ---------- experiments : iterable Output of shap.benchmark.experiments(...). thread_hosts : list of strings Each host has the format "host_name:path_to_python_binary" and can appear multiple times in the list (one for each parallel execution you want on that machine). rate_limit : int How many ssh connections we make per minute to each host (to avoid throttling issues). """ global ssh_conn_per_min_limit ssh_conn_per_min_limit = rate_limit # first we kill any remaining workers from previous runs # note we don't check_call because pkill kills our ssh call as well thread_hosts = copy.copy(thread_hosts) random.shuffle(thread_hosts) for host in set(thread_hosts): hostname,_ = host.split(":") try: subprocess.run(["ssh", hostname, "pkill -f shap.benchmark.run_experiment"], timeout=15) except subprocess.TimeoutExpired: print("Failed to connect to", hostname, "after 15 seconds! Exiting.") return experiments = copy.copy(list(experiments)) random.shuffle(experiments) # this way all the hard experiments don't get put on one machine global nexperiments, total_sent, total_done, total_failed, host_records nexperiments = len(experiments) total_sent = 0 total_done = 0 total_failed = 0 host_records = {} q = Queue() for host in thread_hosts: worker = Thread(target=__thread_worker, args=(q, host)) worker.setDaemon(True) worker.start() for experiment in experiments: q.put(experiment) q.join()
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b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/benchmark/experiments.py#L322-L372
train
slundberg/shap
shap/plots/monitoring.py
monitoring_plot
def monitoring_plot(ind, shap_values, features, feature_names=None): """ Create a SHAP monitoring plot. (Note this function is preliminary and subject to change!!) A SHAP monitoring plot is meant to display the behavior of a model over time. Often the shap_values given to this plot explain the loss of a model, so changes in a feature's impact on the model's loss over time can help in monitoring the model's performance. Parameters ---------- ind : int Index of the feature to plot. shap_values : numpy.array Matrix of SHAP values (# samples x # features) features : numpy.array or pandas.DataFrame Matrix of feature values (# samples x # features) feature_names : list Names of the features (length # features) """ if str(type(features)).endswith("'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>"): if feature_names is None: feature_names = features.columns features = features.values pl.figure(figsize=(10,3)) ys = shap_values[:,ind] xs = np.arange(len(ys))#np.linspace(0, 12*2, len(ys)) pvals = [] inc = 50 for i in range(inc, len(ys)-inc, inc): #stat, pval = scipy.stats.mannwhitneyu(v[:i], v[i:], alternative="two-sided") stat, pval = scipy.stats.ttest_ind(ys[:i], ys[i:]) pvals.append(pval) min_pval = np.min(pvals) min_pval_ind = np.argmin(pvals)*inc + inc if min_pval < 0.05 / shap_values.shape[1]: pl.axvline(min_pval_ind, linestyle="dashed", color="#666666", alpha=0.2) pl.scatter(xs, ys, s=10, c=features[:,ind], cmap=colors.red_blue) pl.xlabel("Sample index") pl.ylabel(truncate_text(feature_names[ind], 30) + "\nSHAP value", size=13) pl.gca().xaxis.set_ticks_position('bottom') pl.gca().yaxis.set_ticks_position('left') pl.gca().spines['right'].set_visible(False) pl.gca().spines['top'].set_visible(False) cb = pl.colorbar() cb.outline.set_visible(False) bbox = cb.ax.get_window_extent().transformed(pl.gcf().dpi_scale_trans.inverted()) cb.ax.set_aspect((bbox.height - 0.7) * 20) cb.set_label(truncate_text(feature_names[ind], 30), size=13) pl.show()
python
def monitoring_plot(ind, shap_values, features, feature_names=None): """ Create a SHAP monitoring plot. (Note this function is preliminary and subject to change!!) A SHAP monitoring plot is meant to display the behavior of a model over time. Often the shap_values given to this plot explain the loss of a model, so changes in a feature's impact on the model's loss over time can help in monitoring the model's performance. Parameters ---------- ind : int Index of the feature to plot. shap_values : numpy.array Matrix of SHAP values (# samples x # features) features : numpy.array or pandas.DataFrame Matrix of feature values (# samples x # features) feature_names : list Names of the features (length # features) """ if str(type(features)).endswith("'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>"): if feature_names is None: feature_names = features.columns features = features.values pl.figure(figsize=(10,3)) ys = shap_values[:,ind] xs = np.arange(len(ys))#np.linspace(0, 12*2, len(ys)) pvals = [] inc = 50 for i in range(inc, len(ys)-inc, inc): #stat, pval = scipy.stats.mannwhitneyu(v[:i], v[i:], alternative="two-sided") stat, pval = scipy.stats.ttest_ind(ys[:i], ys[i:]) pvals.append(pval) min_pval = np.min(pvals) min_pval_ind = np.argmin(pvals)*inc + inc if min_pval < 0.05 / shap_values.shape[1]: pl.axvline(min_pval_ind, linestyle="dashed", color="#666666", alpha=0.2) pl.scatter(xs, ys, s=10, c=features[:,ind], cmap=colors.red_blue) pl.xlabel("Sample index") pl.ylabel(truncate_text(feature_names[ind], 30) + "\nSHAP value", size=13) pl.gca().xaxis.set_ticks_position('bottom') pl.gca().yaxis.set_ticks_position('left') pl.gca().spines['right'].set_visible(False) pl.gca().spines['top'].set_visible(False) cb = pl.colorbar() cb.outline.set_visible(False) bbox = cb.ax.get_window_extent().transformed(pl.gcf().dpi_scale_trans.inverted()) cb.ax.set_aspect((bbox.height - 0.7) * 20) cb.set_label(truncate_text(feature_names[ind], 30), size=13) pl.show()
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b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/plots/monitoring.py#L20-L78
train
slundberg/shap
shap/explainers/kernel.py
kmeans
def kmeans(X, k, round_values=True): """ Summarize a dataset with k mean samples weighted by the number of data points they each represent. Parameters ---------- X : numpy.array or pandas.DataFrame Matrix of data samples to summarize (# samples x # features) k : int Number of means to use for approximation. round_values : bool For all i, round the ith dimension of each mean sample to match the nearest value from X[:,i]. This ensures discrete features always get a valid value. Returns ------- DenseData object. """ group_names = [str(i) for i in range(X.shape[1])] if str(type(X)).endswith("'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>"): group_names = X.columns X = X.values kmeans = KMeans(n_clusters=k, random_state=0).fit(X) if round_values: for i in range(k): for j in range(X.shape[1]): ind = np.argmin(np.abs(X[:,j] - kmeans.cluster_centers_[i,j])) kmeans.cluster_centers_[i,j] = X[ind,j] return DenseData(kmeans.cluster_centers_, group_names, None, 1.0*np.bincount(kmeans.labels_))
python
def kmeans(X, k, round_values=True): """ Summarize a dataset with k mean samples weighted by the number of data points they each represent. Parameters ---------- X : numpy.array or pandas.DataFrame Matrix of data samples to summarize (# samples x # features) k : int Number of means to use for approximation. round_values : bool For all i, round the ith dimension of each mean sample to match the nearest value from X[:,i]. This ensures discrete features always get a valid value. Returns ------- DenseData object. """ group_names = [str(i) for i in range(X.shape[1])] if str(type(X)).endswith("'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>"): group_names = X.columns X = X.values kmeans = KMeans(n_clusters=k, random_state=0).fit(X) if round_values: for i in range(k): for j in range(X.shape[1]): ind = np.argmin(np.abs(X[:,j] - kmeans.cluster_centers_[i,j])) kmeans.cluster_centers_[i,j] = X[ind,j] return DenseData(kmeans.cluster_centers_, group_names, None, 1.0*np.bincount(kmeans.labels_))
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Summarize a dataset with k mean samples weighted by the number of data points they each represent. Parameters ---------- X : numpy.array or pandas.DataFrame Matrix of data samples to summarize (# samples x # features) k : int Number of means to use for approximation. round_values : bool For all i, round the ith dimension of each mean sample to match the nearest value from X[:,i]. This ensures discrete features always get a valid value. Returns ------- DenseData object.
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b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/explainers/kernel.py#L18-L50
train
slundberg/shap
shap/explainers/kernel.py
KernelExplainer.shap_values
def shap_values(self, X, **kwargs): """ Estimate the SHAP values for a set of samples. Parameters ---------- X : numpy.array or pandas.DataFrame or any scipy.sparse matrix A matrix of samples (# samples x # features) on which to explain the model's output. nsamples : "auto" or int Number of times to re-evaluate the model when explaining each prediction. More samples lead to lower variance estimates of the SHAP values. The "auto" setting uses `nsamples = 2 * X.shape[1] + 2048`. l1_reg : "num_features(int)", "auto" (default for now, but deprecated), "aic", "bic", or float The l1 regularization to use for feature selection (the estimation procedure is based on a debiased lasso). The auto option currently uses "aic" when less that 20% of the possible sample space is enumerated, otherwise it uses no regularization. THE BEHAVIOR OF "auto" WILL CHANGE in a future version to be based on num_features instead of AIC. The "aic" and "bic" options use the AIC and BIC rules for regularization. Using "num_features(int)" selects a fix number of top features. Passing a float directly sets the "alpha" parameter of the sklearn.linear_model.Lasso model used for feature selection. Returns ------- For models with a single output this returns a matrix of SHAP values (# samples x # features). Each row sums to the difference between the model output for that sample and the expected value of the model output (which is stored as expected_value attribute of the explainer). For models with vector outputs this returns a list of such matrices, one for each output. """ # convert dataframes if str(type(X)).endswith("pandas.core.series.Series'>"): X = X.values elif str(type(X)).endswith("'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>"): if self.keep_index: index_value = X.index.values index_name = X.index.name column_name = list(X.columns) X = X.values x_type = str(type(X)) arr_type = "'numpy.ndarray'>" # if sparse, convert to lil for performance if sp.sparse.issparse(X) and not sp.sparse.isspmatrix_lil(X): X = X.tolil() assert x_type.endswith(arr_type) or sp.sparse.isspmatrix_lil(X), "Unknown instance type: " + x_type assert len(X.shape) == 1 or len(X.shape) == 2, "Instance must have 1 or 2 dimensions!" # single instance if len(X.shape) == 1: data = X.reshape((1, X.shape[0])) if self.keep_index: data = convert_to_instance_with_index(data, column_name, index_name, index_value) explanation = self.explain(data, **kwargs) # vector-output s = explanation.shape if len(s) == 2: outs = [np.zeros(s[0]) for j in range(s[1])] for j in range(s[1]): outs[j] = explanation[:, j] return outs # single-output else: out = np.zeros(s[0]) out[:] = explanation return out # explain the whole dataset elif len(X.shape) == 2: explanations = [] for i in tqdm(range(X.shape[0]), disable=kwargs.get("silent", False)): data = X[i:i + 1, :] if self.keep_index: data = convert_to_instance_with_index(data, column_name, index_value[i:i + 1], index_name) explanations.append(self.explain(data, **kwargs)) # vector-output s = explanations[0].shape if len(s) == 2: outs = [np.zeros((X.shape[0], s[0])) for j in range(s[1])] for i in range(X.shape[0]): for j in range(s[1]): outs[j][i] = explanations[i][:, j] return outs # single-output else: out = np.zeros((X.shape[0], s[0])) for i in range(X.shape[0]): out[i] = explanations[i] return out
python
def shap_values(self, X, **kwargs): """ Estimate the SHAP values for a set of samples. Parameters ---------- X : numpy.array or pandas.DataFrame or any scipy.sparse matrix A matrix of samples (# samples x # features) on which to explain the model's output. nsamples : "auto" or int Number of times to re-evaluate the model when explaining each prediction. More samples lead to lower variance estimates of the SHAP values. The "auto" setting uses `nsamples = 2 * X.shape[1] + 2048`. l1_reg : "num_features(int)", "auto" (default for now, but deprecated), "aic", "bic", or float The l1 regularization to use for feature selection (the estimation procedure is based on a debiased lasso). The auto option currently uses "aic" when less that 20% of the possible sample space is enumerated, otherwise it uses no regularization. THE BEHAVIOR OF "auto" WILL CHANGE in a future version to be based on num_features instead of AIC. The "aic" and "bic" options use the AIC and BIC rules for regularization. Using "num_features(int)" selects a fix number of top features. Passing a float directly sets the "alpha" parameter of the sklearn.linear_model.Lasso model used for feature selection. Returns ------- For models with a single output this returns a matrix of SHAP values (# samples x # features). Each row sums to the difference between the model output for that sample and the expected value of the model output (which is stored as expected_value attribute of the explainer). For models with vector outputs this returns a list of such matrices, one for each output. """ # convert dataframes if str(type(X)).endswith("pandas.core.series.Series'>"): X = X.values elif str(type(X)).endswith("'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>"): if self.keep_index: index_value = X.index.values index_name = X.index.name column_name = list(X.columns) X = X.values x_type = str(type(X)) arr_type = "'numpy.ndarray'>" # if sparse, convert to lil for performance if sp.sparse.issparse(X) and not sp.sparse.isspmatrix_lil(X): X = X.tolil() assert x_type.endswith(arr_type) or sp.sparse.isspmatrix_lil(X), "Unknown instance type: " + x_type assert len(X.shape) == 1 or len(X.shape) == 2, "Instance must have 1 or 2 dimensions!" # single instance if len(X.shape) == 1: data = X.reshape((1, X.shape[0])) if self.keep_index: data = convert_to_instance_with_index(data, column_name, index_name, index_value) explanation = self.explain(data, **kwargs) # vector-output s = explanation.shape if len(s) == 2: outs = [np.zeros(s[0]) for j in range(s[1])] for j in range(s[1]): outs[j] = explanation[:, j] return outs # single-output else: out = np.zeros(s[0]) out[:] = explanation return out # explain the whole dataset elif len(X.shape) == 2: explanations = [] for i in tqdm(range(X.shape[0]), disable=kwargs.get("silent", False)): data = X[i:i + 1, :] if self.keep_index: data = convert_to_instance_with_index(data, column_name, index_value[i:i + 1], index_name) explanations.append(self.explain(data, **kwargs)) # vector-output s = explanations[0].shape if len(s) == 2: outs = [np.zeros((X.shape[0], s[0])) for j in range(s[1])] for i in range(X.shape[0]): for j in range(s[1]): outs[j][i] = explanations[i][:, j] return outs # single-output else: out = np.zeros((X.shape[0], s[0])) for i in range(X.shape[0]): out[i] = explanations[i] return out
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Estimate the SHAP values for a set of samples. Parameters ---------- X : numpy.array or pandas.DataFrame or any scipy.sparse matrix A matrix of samples (# samples x # features) on which to explain the model's output. nsamples : "auto" or int Number of times to re-evaluate the model when explaining each prediction. More samples lead to lower variance estimates of the SHAP values. The "auto" setting uses `nsamples = 2 * X.shape[1] + 2048`. l1_reg : "num_features(int)", "auto" (default for now, but deprecated), "aic", "bic", or float The l1 regularization to use for feature selection (the estimation procedure is based on a debiased lasso). The auto option currently uses "aic" when less that 20% of the possible sample space is enumerated, otherwise it uses no regularization. THE BEHAVIOR OF "auto" WILL CHANGE in a future version to be based on num_features instead of AIC. The "aic" and "bic" options use the AIC and BIC rules for regularization. Using "num_features(int)" selects a fix number of top features. Passing a float directly sets the "alpha" parameter of the sklearn.linear_model.Lasso model used for feature selection. Returns ------- For models with a single output this returns a matrix of SHAP values (# samples x # features). Each row sums to the difference between the model output for that sample and the expected value of the model output (which is stored as expected_value attribute of the explainer). For models with vector outputs this returns a list of such matrices, one for each output.
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b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/explainers/kernel.py#L132-L225
train
slundberg/shap
shap/plots/embedding.py
embedding_plot
def embedding_plot(ind, shap_values, feature_names=None, method="pca", alpha=1.0, show=True): """ Use the SHAP values as an embedding which we project to 2D for visualization. Parameters ---------- ind : int or string If this is an int it is the index of the feature to use to color the embedding. If this is a string it is either the name of the feature, or it can have the form "rank(int)" to specify the feature with that rank (ordered by mean absolute SHAP value over all the samples), or "sum()" to mean the sum of all the SHAP values, which is the model's output (minus it's expected value). shap_values : numpy.array Matrix of SHAP values (# samples x # features). feature_names : None or list The names of the features in the shap_values array. method : "pca" or numpy.array How to reduce the dimensions of the shap_values to 2D. If "pca" then the 2D PCA projection of shap_values is used. If a numpy array then is should be (# samples x 2) and represent the embedding of that values. alpha : float The transparency of the data points (between 0 and 1). This can be useful to the show density of the data points when using a large dataset. """ if feature_names is None: feature_names = [labels['FEATURE'] % str(i) for i in range(shap_values.shape[1])] ind = convert_name(ind, shap_values, feature_names) if ind == "sum()": cvals = shap_values.sum(1) fname = "sum(SHAP values)" else: cvals = shap_values[:,ind] fname = feature_names[ind] # see if we need to compute the embedding if type(method) == str and method == "pca": pca = sklearn.decomposition.PCA(2) embedding_values = pca.fit_transform(shap_values) elif hasattr(method, "shape") and method.shape[1] == 2: embedding_values = method else: print("Unsupported embedding method:", method) pl.scatter( embedding_values[:,0], embedding_values[:,1], c=cvals, cmap=colors.red_blue, alpha=alpha, linewidth=0 ) pl.axis("off") #pl.title(feature_names[ind]) cb = pl.colorbar() cb.set_label("SHAP value for\n"+fname, size=13) cb.outline.set_visible(False) pl.gcf().set_size_inches(7.5, 5) bbox = cb.ax.get_window_extent().transformed(pl.gcf().dpi_scale_trans.inverted()) cb.ax.set_aspect((bbox.height - 0.7) * 10) cb.set_alpha(1) if show: pl.show()
python
def embedding_plot(ind, shap_values, feature_names=None, method="pca", alpha=1.0, show=True): """ Use the SHAP values as an embedding which we project to 2D for visualization. Parameters ---------- ind : int or string If this is an int it is the index of the feature to use to color the embedding. If this is a string it is either the name of the feature, or it can have the form "rank(int)" to specify the feature with that rank (ordered by mean absolute SHAP value over all the samples), or "sum()" to mean the sum of all the SHAP values, which is the model's output (minus it's expected value). shap_values : numpy.array Matrix of SHAP values (# samples x # features). feature_names : None or list The names of the features in the shap_values array. method : "pca" or numpy.array How to reduce the dimensions of the shap_values to 2D. If "pca" then the 2D PCA projection of shap_values is used. If a numpy array then is should be (# samples x 2) and represent the embedding of that values. alpha : float The transparency of the data points (between 0 and 1). This can be useful to the show density of the data points when using a large dataset. """ if feature_names is None: feature_names = [labels['FEATURE'] % str(i) for i in range(shap_values.shape[1])] ind = convert_name(ind, shap_values, feature_names) if ind == "sum()": cvals = shap_values.sum(1) fname = "sum(SHAP values)" else: cvals = shap_values[:,ind] fname = feature_names[ind] # see if we need to compute the embedding if type(method) == str and method == "pca": pca = sklearn.decomposition.PCA(2) embedding_values = pca.fit_transform(shap_values) elif hasattr(method, "shape") and method.shape[1] == 2: embedding_values = method else: print("Unsupported embedding method:", method) pl.scatter( embedding_values[:,0], embedding_values[:,1], c=cvals, cmap=colors.red_blue, alpha=alpha, linewidth=0 ) pl.axis("off") #pl.title(feature_names[ind]) cb = pl.colorbar() cb.set_label("SHAP value for\n"+fname, size=13) cb.outline.set_visible(False) pl.gcf().set_size_inches(7.5, 5) bbox = cb.ax.get_window_extent().transformed(pl.gcf().dpi_scale_trans.inverted()) cb.ax.set_aspect((bbox.height - 0.7) * 10) cb.set_alpha(1) if show: pl.show()
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Use the SHAP values as an embedding which we project to 2D for visualization. Parameters ---------- ind : int or string If this is an int it is the index of the feature to use to color the embedding. If this is a string it is either the name of the feature, or it can have the form "rank(int)" to specify the feature with that rank (ordered by mean absolute SHAP value over all the samples), or "sum()" to mean the sum of all the SHAP values, which is the model's output (minus it's expected value). shap_values : numpy.array Matrix of SHAP values (# samples x # features). feature_names : None or list The names of the features in the shap_values array. method : "pca" or numpy.array How to reduce the dimensions of the shap_values to 2D. If "pca" then the 2D PCA projection of shap_values is used. If a numpy array then is should be (# samples x 2) and represent the embedding of that values. alpha : float The transparency of the data points (between 0 and 1). This can be useful to the show density of the data points when using a large dataset.
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b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/plots/embedding.py#L14-L78
train
slundberg/shap
shap/plots/dependence.py
dependence_plot
def dependence_plot(ind, shap_values, features, feature_names=None, display_features=None, interaction_index="auto", color="#1E88E5", axis_color="#333333", cmap=colors.red_blue, dot_size=16, x_jitter=0, alpha=1, title=None, xmin=None, xmax=None, show=True): """ Create a SHAP dependence plot, colored by an interaction feature. Plots the value of the feature on the x-axis and the SHAP value of the same feature on the y-axis. This shows how the model depends on the given feature, and is like a richer extenstion of the classical parital dependence plots. Vertical dispersion of the data points represents interaction effects. Grey ticks along the y-axis are data points where the feature's value was NaN. Parameters ---------- ind : int or string If this is an int it is the index of the feature to plot. If this is a string it is either the name of the feature to plot, or it can have the form "rank(int)" to specify the feature with that rank (ordered by mean absolute SHAP value over all the samples). shap_values : numpy.array Matrix of SHAP values (# samples x # features). features : numpy.array or pandas.DataFrame Matrix of feature values (# samples x # features). feature_names : list Names of the features (length # features). display_features : numpy.array or pandas.DataFrame Matrix of feature values for visual display (such as strings instead of coded values). interaction_index : "auto", None, int, or string The index of the feature used to color the plot. The name of a feature can also be passed as a string. If "auto" then shap.common.approximate_interactions is used to pick what seems to be the strongest interaction (note that to find to true stongest interaction you need to compute the SHAP interaction values). x_jitter : float (0 - 1) Adds random jitter to feature values. May increase plot readability when feature is discrete. alpha : float The transparency of the data points (between 0 and 1). This can be useful to the show density of the data points when using a large dataset. xmin : float or string Represents the lower bound of the plot's x-axis. It can be a string of the format "percentile(float)" to denote that percentile of the feature's value used on the x-axis. xmax : float or string Represents the upper bound of the plot's x-axis. It can be a string of the format "percentile(float)" to denote that percentile of the feature's value used on the x-axis. """ # convert from DataFrames if we got any if str(type(features)).endswith("'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>"): if feature_names is None: feature_names = features.columns features = features.values if str(type(display_features)).endswith("'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>"): if feature_names is None: feature_names = display_features.columns display_features = display_features.values elif display_features is None: display_features = features if feature_names is None: feature_names = [labels['FEATURE'] % str(i) for i in range(shap_values.shape[1])] # allow vectors to be passed if len(shap_values.shape) == 1: shap_values = np.reshape(shap_values, len(shap_values), 1) if len(features.shape) == 1: features = np.reshape(features, len(features), 1) ind = convert_name(ind, shap_values, feature_names) # plotting SHAP interaction values if len(shap_values.shape) == 3 and len(ind) == 2: ind1 = convert_name(ind[0], shap_values, feature_names) ind2 = convert_name(ind[1], shap_values, feature_names) if ind1 == ind2: proj_shap_values = shap_values[:, ind2, :] else: proj_shap_values = shap_values[:, ind2, :] * 2 # off-diag values are split in half # TODO: remove recursion; generally the functions should be shorter for more maintainable code dependence_plot( ind1, proj_shap_values, features, feature_names=feature_names, interaction_index=ind2, display_features=display_features, show=False, xmin=xmin, xmax=xmax ) if ind1 == ind2: pl.ylabel(labels['MAIN_EFFECT'] % feature_names[ind1]) else: pl.ylabel(labels['INTERACTION_EFFECT'] % (feature_names[ind1], feature_names[ind2])) if show: pl.show() return assert shap_values.shape[0] == features.shape[0], \ "'shap_values' and 'features' values must have the same number of rows!" assert shap_values.shape[1] == features.shape[1], \ "'shap_values' must have the same number of columns as 'features'!" # get both the raw and display feature values oinds = np.arange(shap_values.shape[0]) # we randomize the ordering so plotting overlaps are not related to data ordering np.random.shuffle(oinds) xv = features[oinds, ind].astype(np.float64) xd = display_features[oinds, ind] s = shap_values[oinds, ind] if type(xd[0]) == str: name_map = {} for i in range(len(xv)): name_map[xd[i]] = xv[i] xnames = list(name_map.keys()) # allow a single feature name to be passed alone if type(feature_names) == str: feature_names = [feature_names] name = feature_names[ind] # guess what other feature as the stongest interaction with the plotted feature if interaction_index == "auto": interaction_index = approximate_interactions(ind, shap_values, features)[0] interaction_index = convert_name(interaction_index, shap_values, feature_names) categorical_interaction = False # get both the raw and display color values color_norm = None if interaction_index is not None: cv = features[:, interaction_index] cd = display_features[:, interaction_index] clow = np.nanpercentile(cv.astype(np.float), 5) chigh = np.nanpercentile(cv.astype(np.float), 95) if type(cd[0]) == str: cname_map = {} for i in range(len(cv)): cname_map[cd[i]] = cv[i] cnames = list(cname_map.keys()) categorical_interaction = True elif clow % 1 == 0 and chigh % 1 == 0 and chigh - clow < 10: categorical_interaction = True # discritize colors for categorical features if categorical_interaction and clow != chigh: clow = np.nanmin(cv.astype(np.float)) chigh = np.nanmax(cv.astype(np.float)) bounds = np.linspace(clow, chigh, int(chigh - clow + 2)) color_norm = matplotlib.colors.BoundaryNorm(bounds, cmap.N-1) # optionally add jitter to feature values if x_jitter > 0: if x_jitter > 1: x_jitter = 1 xvals = xv.copy() if isinstance(xvals[0], float): xvals = xvals.astype(np.float) xvals = xvals[~np.isnan(xvals)] xvals = np.unique(xvals) if len(xvals) >= 2: smallest_diff = np.min(np.diff(np.sort(xvals))) jitter_amount = x_jitter * smallest_diff xv += (np.random.ranf(size = len(xv))*jitter_amount) - (jitter_amount/2) # the actual scatter plot, TODO: adapt the dot_size to the number of data points? xv_nan = np.isnan(xv) xv_notnan = np.invert(xv_nan) if interaction_index is not None: # plot the nan values in the interaction feature as grey cvals = features[oinds, interaction_index].astype(np.float64) cvals_imp = cvals.copy() cvals_imp[np.isnan(cvals)] = (clow + chigh) / 2.0 cvals[cvals_imp > chigh] = chigh cvals[cvals_imp < clow] = clow p = pl.scatter( xv[xv_notnan], s[xv_notnan], s=dot_size, linewidth=0, c=cvals[xv_notnan], cmap=cmap, alpha=alpha, vmin=clow, vmax=chigh, norm=color_norm, rasterized=len(xv) > 500 ) p.set_array(cvals[xv_notnan]) else: pl.scatter(xv, s, s=dot_size, linewidth=0, color=color, alpha=alpha, rasterized=len(xv) > 500) if interaction_index != ind and interaction_index is not None: # draw the color bar if type(cd[0]) == str: tick_positions = [cname_map[n] for n in cnames] if len(tick_positions) == 2: tick_positions[0] -= 0.25 tick_positions[1] += 0.25 cb = pl.colorbar(ticks=tick_positions) cb.set_ticklabels(cnames) else: cb = pl.colorbar() cb.set_label(feature_names[interaction_index], size=13) cb.ax.tick_params(labelsize=11) if categorical_interaction: cb.ax.tick_params(length=0) cb.set_alpha(1) cb.outline.set_visible(False) bbox = cb.ax.get_window_extent().transformed(pl.gcf().dpi_scale_trans.inverted()) cb.ax.set_aspect((bbox.height - 0.7) * 20) # handles any setting of xmax and xmin # note that we handle None,float, or "percentile(float)" formats if xmin is not None or xmax is not None: if type(xmin) == str and xmin.startswith("percentile"): xmin = np.nanpercentile(xv, float(xmin[11:-1])) if type(xmax) == str and xmax.startswith("percentile"): xmax = np.nanpercentile(xv, float(xmax[11:-1])) if xmin is None or xmin == np.nanmin(xv): xmin = np.nanmin(xv) - (xmax - np.nanmin(xv))/20 if xmax is None or xmax == np.nanmax(xv): xmax = np.nanmax(xv) + (np.nanmax(xv) - xmin)/20 pl.xlim(xmin, xmax) # plot any nan feature values as tick marks along the y-axis xlim = pl.xlim() if interaction_index is not None: p = pl.scatter( xlim[0] * np.ones(xv_nan.sum()), s[xv_nan], marker=1, linewidth=2, c=cvals_imp[xv_nan], cmap=cmap, alpha=alpha, vmin=clow, vmax=chigh ) p.set_array(cvals[xv_nan]) else: pl.scatter( xlim[0] * np.ones(xv_nan.sum()), s[xv_nan], marker=1, linewidth=2, color=color, alpha=alpha ) pl.xlim(*xlim) # make the plot more readable if interaction_index != ind: pl.gcf().set_size_inches(7.5, 5) else: pl.gcf().set_size_inches(6, 5) pl.xlabel(name, color=axis_color, fontsize=13) pl.ylabel(labels['VALUE_FOR'] % name, color=axis_color, fontsize=13) if title is not None: pl.title(title, color=axis_color, fontsize=13) pl.gca().xaxis.set_ticks_position('bottom') pl.gca().yaxis.set_ticks_position('left') pl.gca().spines['right'].set_visible(False) pl.gca().spines['top'].set_visible(False) pl.gca().tick_params(color=axis_color, labelcolor=axis_color, labelsize=11) for spine in pl.gca().spines.values(): spine.set_edgecolor(axis_color) if type(xd[0]) == str: pl.xticks([name_map[n] for n in xnames], xnames, rotation='vertical', fontsize=11) if show: with warnings.catch_warnings(): # ignore expected matplotlib warnings warnings.simplefilter("ignore", RuntimeWarning) pl.show()
python
def dependence_plot(ind, shap_values, features, feature_names=None, display_features=None, interaction_index="auto", color="#1E88E5", axis_color="#333333", cmap=colors.red_blue, dot_size=16, x_jitter=0, alpha=1, title=None, xmin=None, xmax=None, show=True): """ Create a SHAP dependence plot, colored by an interaction feature. Plots the value of the feature on the x-axis and the SHAP value of the same feature on the y-axis. This shows how the model depends on the given feature, and is like a richer extenstion of the classical parital dependence plots. Vertical dispersion of the data points represents interaction effects. Grey ticks along the y-axis are data points where the feature's value was NaN. Parameters ---------- ind : int or string If this is an int it is the index of the feature to plot. If this is a string it is either the name of the feature to plot, or it can have the form "rank(int)" to specify the feature with that rank (ordered by mean absolute SHAP value over all the samples). shap_values : numpy.array Matrix of SHAP values (# samples x # features). features : numpy.array or pandas.DataFrame Matrix of feature values (# samples x # features). feature_names : list Names of the features (length # features). display_features : numpy.array or pandas.DataFrame Matrix of feature values for visual display (such as strings instead of coded values). interaction_index : "auto", None, int, or string The index of the feature used to color the plot. The name of a feature can also be passed as a string. If "auto" then shap.common.approximate_interactions is used to pick what seems to be the strongest interaction (note that to find to true stongest interaction you need to compute the SHAP interaction values). x_jitter : float (0 - 1) Adds random jitter to feature values. May increase plot readability when feature is discrete. alpha : float The transparency of the data points (between 0 and 1). This can be useful to the show density of the data points when using a large dataset. xmin : float or string Represents the lower bound of the plot's x-axis. It can be a string of the format "percentile(float)" to denote that percentile of the feature's value used on the x-axis. xmax : float or string Represents the upper bound of the plot's x-axis. It can be a string of the format "percentile(float)" to denote that percentile of the feature's value used on the x-axis. """ # convert from DataFrames if we got any if str(type(features)).endswith("'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>"): if feature_names is None: feature_names = features.columns features = features.values if str(type(display_features)).endswith("'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>"): if feature_names is None: feature_names = display_features.columns display_features = display_features.values elif display_features is None: display_features = features if feature_names is None: feature_names = [labels['FEATURE'] % str(i) for i in range(shap_values.shape[1])] # allow vectors to be passed if len(shap_values.shape) == 1: shap_values = np.reshape(shap_values, len(shap_values), 1) if len(features.shape) == 1: features = np.reshape(features, len(features), 1) ind = convert_name(ind, shap_values, feature_names) # plotting SHAP interaction values if len(shap_values.shape) == 3 and len(ind) == 2: ind1 = convert_name(ind[0], shap_values, feature_names) ind2 = convert_name(ind[1], shap_values, feature_names) if ind1 == ind2: proj_shap_values = shap_values[:, ind2, :] else: proj_shap_values = shap_values[:, ind2, :] * 2 # off-diag values are split in half # TODO: remove recursion; generally the functions should be shorter for more maintainable code dependence_plot( ind1, proj_shap_values, features, feature_names=feature_names, interaction_index=ind2, display_features=display_features, show=False, xmin=xmin, xmax=xmax ) if ind1 == ind2: pl.ylabel(labels['MAIN_EFFECT'] % feature_names[ind1]) else: pl.ylabel(labels['INTERACTION_EFFECT'] % (feature_names[ind1], feature_names[ind2])) if show: pl.show() return assert shap_values.shape[0] == features.shape[0], \ "'shap_values' and 'features' values must have the same number of rows!" assert shap_values.shape[1] == features.shape[1], \ "'shap_values' must have the same number of columns as 'features'!" # get both the raw and display feature values oinds = np.arange(shap_values.shape[0]) # we randomize the ordering so plotting overlaps are not related to data ordering np.random.shuffle(oinds) xv = features[oinds, ind].astype(np.float64) xd = display_features[oinds, ind] s = shap_values[oinds, ind] if type(xd[0]) == str: name_map = {} for i in range(len(xv)): name_map[xd[i]] = xv[i] xnames = list(name_map.keys()) # allow a single feature name to be passed alone if type(feature_names) == str: feature_names = [feature_names] name = feature_names[ind] # guess what other feature as the stongest interaction with the plotted feature if interaction_index == "auto": interaction_index = approximate_interactions(ind, shap_values, features)[0] interaction_index = convert_name(interaction_index, shap_values, feature_names) categorical_interaction = False # get both the raw and display color values color_norm = None if interaction_index is not None: cv = features[:, interaction_index] cd = display_features[:, interaction_index] clow = np.nanpercentile(cv.astype(np.float), 5) chigh = np.nanpercentile(cv.astype(np.float), 95) if type(cd[0]) == str: cname_map = {} for i in range(len(cv)): cname_map[cd[i]] = cv[i] cnames = list(cname_map.keys()) categorical_interaction = True elif clow % 1 == 0 and chigh % 1 == 0 and chigh - clow < 10: categorical_interaction = True # discritize colors for categorical features if categorical_interaction and clow != chigh: clow = np.nanmin(cv.astype(np.float)) chigh = np.nanmax(cv.astype(np.float)) bounds = np.linspace(clow, chigh, int(chigh - clow + 2)) color_norm = matplotlib.colors.BoundaryNorm(bounds, cmap.N-1) # optionally add jitter to feature values if x_jitter > 0: if x_jitter > 1: x_jitter = 1 xvals = xv.copy() if isinstance(xvals[0], float): xvals = xvals.astype(np.float) xvals = xvals[~np.isnan(xvals)] xvals = np.unique(xvals) if len(xvals) >= 2: smallest_diff = np.min(np.diff(np.sort(xvals))) jitter_amount = x_jitter * smallest_diff xv += (np.random.ranf(size = len(xv))*jitter_amount) - (jitter_amount/2) # the actual scatter plot, TODO: adapt the dot_size to the number of data points? xv_nan = np.isnan(xv) xv_notnan = np.invert(xv_nan) if interaction_index is not None: # plot the nan values in the interaction feature as grey cvals = features[oinds, interaction_index].astype(np.float64) cvals_imp = cvals.copy() cvals_imp[np.isnan(cvals)] = (clow + chigh) / 2.0 cvals[cvals_imp > chigh] = chigh cvals[cvals_imp < clow] = clow p = pl.scatter( xv[xv_notnan], s[xv_notnan], s=dot_size, linewidth=0, c=cvals[xv_notnan], cmap=cmap, alpha=alpha, vmin=clow, vmax=chigh, norm=color_norm, rasterized=len(xv) > 500 ) p.set_array(cvals[xv_notnan]) else: pl.scatter(xv, s, s=dot_size, linewidth=0, color=color, alpha=alpha, rasterized=len(xv) > 500) if interaction_index != ind and interaction_index is not None: # draw the color bar if type(cd[0]) == str: tick_positions = [cname_map[n] for n in cnames] if len(tick_positions) == 2: tick_positions[0] -= 0.25 tick_positions[1] += 0.25 cb = pl.colorbar(ticks=tick_positions) cb.set_ticklabels(cnames) else: cb = pl.colorbar() cb.set_label(feature_names[interaction_index], size=13) cb.ax.tick_params(labelsize=11) if categorical_interaction: cb.ax.tick_params(length=0) cb.set_alpha(1) cb.outline.set_visible(False) bbox = cb.ax.get_window_extent().transformed(pl.gcf().dpi_scale_trans.inverted()) cb.ax.set_aspect((bbox.height - 0.7) * 20) # handles any setting of xmax and xmin # note that we handle None,float, or "percentile(float)" formats if xmin is not None or xmax is not None: if type(xmin) == str and xmin.startswith("percentile"): xmin = np.nanpercentile(xv, float(xmin[11:-1])) if type(xmax) == str and xmax.startswith("percentile"): xmax = np.nanpercentile(xv, float(xmax[11:-1])) if xmin is None or xmin == np.nanmin(xv): xmin = np.nanmin(xv) - (xmax - np.nanmin(xv))/20 if xmax is None or xmax == np.nanmax(xv): xmax = np.nanmax(xv) + (np.nanmax(xv) - xmin)/20 pl.xlim(xmin, xmax) # plot any nan feature values as tick marks along the y-axis xlim = pl.xlim() if interaction_index is not None: p = pl.scatter( xlim[0] * np.ones(xv_nan.sum()), s[xv_nan], marker=1, linewidth=2, c=cvals_imp[xv_nan], cmap=cmap, alpha=alpha, vmin=clow, vmax=chigh ) p.set_array(cvals[xv_nan]) else: pl.scatter( xlim[0] * np.ones(xv_nan.sum()), s[xv_nan], marker=1, linewidth=2, color=color, alpha=alpha ) pl.xlim(*xlim) # make the plot more readable if interaction_index != ind: pl.gcf().set_size_inches(7.5, 5) else: pl.gcf().set_size_inches(6, 5) pl.xlabel(name, color=axis_color, fontsize=13) pl.ylabel(labels['VALUE_FOR'] % name, color=axis_color, fontsize=13) if title is not None: pl.title(title, color=axis_color, fontsize=13) pl.gca().xaxis.set_ticks_position('bottom') pl.gca().yaxis.set_ticks_position('left') pl.gca().spines['right'].set_visible(False) pl.gca().spines['top'].set_visible(False) pl.gca().tick_params(color=axis_color, labelcolor=axis_color, labelsize=11) for spine in pl.gca().spines.values(): spine.set_edgecolor(axis_color) if type(xd[0]) == str: pl.xticks([name_map[n] for n in xnames], xnames, rotation='vertical', fontsize=11) if show: with warnings.catch_warnings(): # ignore expected matplotlib warnings warnings.simplefilter("ignore", RuntimeWarning) pl.show()
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"categorical_interaction", "=", "False", "# get both the raw and display color values", "color_norm", "=", "None", "if", "interaction_index", "is", "not", "None", ":", "cv", "=", "features", "[", ":", ",", "interaction_index", "]", "cd", "=", "display_features", "[", ":", ",", "interaction_index", "]", "clow", "=", "np", ".", "nanpercentile", "(", "cv", ".", "astype", "(", "np", ".", "float", ")", ",", "5", ")", "chigh", "=", "np", ".", "nanpercentile", "(", "cv", ".", "astype", "(", "np", ".", "float", ")", ",", "95", ")", "if", "type", "(", "cd", "[", "0", "]", ")", "==", "str", ":", "cname_map", "=", "{", "}", "for", "i", "in", "range", "(", "len", "(", "cv", ")", ")", ":", "cname_map", "[", "cd", "[", "i", "]", "]", "=", "cv", "[", "i", "]", "cnames", "=", "list", "(", "cname_map", ".", "keys", "(", ")", ")", "categorical_interaction", "=", "True", "elif", "clow", "%", "1", "==", "0", "and", "chigh", "%", "1", "==", "0", "and", "chigh", "-", "clow", "<", "10", ":", "categorical_interaction", "=", "True", "# discritize colors for categorical features", "if", "categorical_interaction", "and", "clow", "!=", "chigh", ":", "clow", "=", "np", ".", "nanmin", "(", "cv", ".", "astype", "(", "np", ".", "float", ")", ")", "chigh", "=", "np", ".", "nanmax", "(", "cv", ".", "astype", "(", "np", ".", "float", ")", ")", "bounds", "=", "np", ".", "linspace", "(", "clow", ",", "chigh", ",", "int", "(", "chigh", "-", "clow", "+", "2", ")", ")", "color_norm", "=", "matplotlib", ".", "colors", ".", "BoundaryNorm", "(", "bounds", ",", "cmap", ".", "N", "-", "1", ")", "# optionally add jitter to feature values", "if", "x_jitter", ">", "0", ":", "if", "x_jitter", ">", "1", ":", "x_jitter", "=", "1", "xvals", "=", "xv", ".", "copy", "(", ")", "if", "isinstance", "(", "xvals", "[", "0", "]", ",", "float", ")", ":", "xvals", "=", "xvals", ".", "astype", "(", "np", ".", "float", ")", "xvals", "=", "xvals", "[", "~", "np", ".", "isnan", "(", "xvals", ")", "]", "xvals", "=", "np", ".", "unique", "(", "xvals", ")", "if", "len", "(", "xvals", ")", ">=", "2", ":", "smallest_diff", "=", "np", ".", "min", "(", "np", ".", "diff", "(", "np", ".", "sort", "(", "xvals", ")", ")", ")", "jitter_amount", "=", "x_jitter", "*", "smallest_diff", "xv", "+=", "(", "np", ".", "random", ".", "ranf", "(", "size", "=", "len", "(", "xv", ")", ")", "*", "jitter_amount", ")", "-", "(", "jitter_amount", "/", "2", ")", "# the actual scatter plot, TODO: adapt the dot_size to the number of data points?", "xv_nan", "=", "np", ".", "isnan", "(", "xv", ")", "xv_notnan", "=", "np", ".", "invert", "(", "xv_nan", ")", "if", "interaction_index", "is", "not", "None", ":", "# plot the nan values in the interaction feature as grey", "cvals", "=", "features", "[", "oinds", ",", "interaction_index", "]", ".", "astype", "(", "np", ".", "float64", ")", "cvals_imp", "=", "cvals", ".", "copy", "(", ")", "cvals_imp", "[", "np", ".", "isnan", "(", "cvals", ")", "]", "=", "(", "clow", "+", "chigh", ")", "/", "2.0", "cvals", "[", "cvals_imp", ">", "chigh", "]", "=", "chigh", "cvals", "[", "cvals_imp", "<", "clow", "]", "=", "clow", "p", "=", "pl", ".", "scatter", "(", "xv", "[", "xv_notnan", "]", ",", "s", "[", "xv_notnan", "]", ",", "s", "=", "dot_size", ",", "linewidth", "=", "0", ",", "c", "=", "cvals", "[", "xv_notnan", "]", ",", "cmap", "=", "cmap", ",", "alpha", "=", "alpha", ",", "vmin", "=", "clow", ",", "vmax", "=", "chigh", ",", "norm", "=", "color_norm", ",", "rasterized", "=", "len", "(", "xv", ")", ">", "500", ")", "p", ".", "set_array", "(", "cvals", "[", "xv_notnan", "]", ")", "else", ":", "pl", ".", "scatter", "(", "xv", ",", "s", ",", "s", "=", "dot_size", ",", "linewidth", "=", "0", ",", "color", "=", "color", ",", "alpha", "=", "alpha", ",", "rasterized", "=", "len", "(", "xv", ")", ">", "500", ")", "if", "interaction_index", "!=", "ind", "and", "interaction_index", "is", "not", "None", ":", "# draw the color bar", "if", "type", "(", "cd", "[", "0", "]", ")", "==", "str", ":", "tick_positions", "=", "[", "cname_map", "[", "n", "]", "for", "n", "in", "cnames", "]", "if", "len", "(", "tick_positions", ")", "==", "2", ":", "tick_positions", "[", "0", "]", "-=", "0.25", "tick_positions", "[", "1", "]", "+=", "0.25", "cb", "=", "pl", ".", "colorbar", "(", "ticks", "=", "tick_positions", ")", "cb", ".", "set_ticklabels", "(", "cnames", ")", "else", ":", "cb", "=", "pl", ".", "colorbar", "(", ")", "cb", ".", "set_label", "(", "feature_names", "[", "interaction_index", "]", ",", "size", "=", "13", ")", "cb", ".", "ax", ".", "tick_params", "(", "labelsize", "=", "11", ")", "if", "categorical_interaction", ":", "cb", ".", "ax", ".", "tick_params", "(", "length", "=", "0", ")", "cb", ".", "set_alpha", "(", "1", ")", "cb", ".", "outline", ".", "set_visible", "(", "False", ")", "bbox", "=", "cb", ".", "ax", ".", "get_window_extent", "(", ")", ".", "transformed", "(", "pl", ".", "gcf", "(", ")", ".", "dpi_scale_trans", ".", "inverted", "(", ")", ")", "cb", ".", "ax", ".", "set_aspect", "(", "(", "bbox", ".", "height", "-", "0.7", ")", "*", "20", ")", "# handles any setting of xmax and xmin", "# note that we handle None,float, or \"percentile(float)\" formats", "if", "xmin", "is", "not", "None", "or", "xmax", "is", "not", "None", ":", "if", "type", "(", "xmin", ")", "==", "str", "and", "xmin", ".", "startswith", "(", "\"percentile\"", ")", ":", "xmin", "=", "np", ".", "nanpercentile", "(", "xv", ",", "float", "(", "xmin", "[", "11", ":", "-", "1", "]", ")", ")", "if", "type", "(", "xmax", ")", "==", "str", "and", "xmax", ".", "startswith", "(", "\"percentile\"", ")", ":", "xmax", "=", "np", ".", "nanpercentile", "(", "xv", ",", "float", "(", "xmax", "[", "11", ":", "-", "1", "]", ")", ")", "if", "xmin", "is", "None", "or", "xmin", "==", "np", ".", "nanmin", "(", "xv", ")", ":", "xmin", "=", "np", ".", "nanmin", "(", "xv", ")", "-", "(", "xmax", "-", "np", ".", "nanmin", "(", "xv", ")", ")", "/", "20", "if", "xmax", "is", "None", "or", "xmax", "==", "np", ".", "nanmax", "(", "xv", ")", ":", "xmax", "=", "np", ".", "nanmax", "(", "xv", ")", "+", "(", "np", ".", "nanmax", "(", "xv", ")", "-", "xmin", ")", "/", "20", "pl", ".", "xlim", "(", "xmin", ",", "xmax", ")", "# plot any nan feature values as tick marks along the y-axis", "xlim", "=", "pl", ".", "xlim", "(", ")", "if", "interaction_index", "is", "not", "None", ":", "p", "=", "pl", ".", "scatter", "(", "xlim", "[", "0", "]", "*", "np", ".", "ones", "(", "xv_nan", ".", "sum", "(", ")", ")", ",", "s", "[", "xv_nan", "]", ",", "marker", "=", "1", ",", "linewidth", "=", "2", ",", "c", "=", "cvals_imp", "[", "xv_nan", "]", ",", "cmap", "=", "cmap", ",", "alpha", "=", "alpha", ",", "vmin", "=", "clow", ",", "vmax", "=", "chigh", ")", "p", ".", "set_array", "(", "cvals", "[", "xv_nan", "]", ")", "else", ":", "pl", ".", "scatter", "(", "xlim", "[", "0", "]", "*", "np", ".", "ones", "(", "xv_nan", ".", "sum", "(", ")", ")", ",", "s", "[", "xv_nan", "]", ",", "marker", "=", "1", ",", "linewidth", "=", "2", ",", "color", "=", "color", ",", "alpha", "=", "alpha", ")", "pl", ".", "xlim", "(", "*", "xlim", ")", "# make the plot more readable", "if", "interaction_index", "!=", "ind", ":", "pl", ".", "gcf", "(", ")", ".", "set_size_inches", "(", "7.5", ",", "5", ")", "else", ":", "pl", ".", "gcf", "(", ")", ".", "set_size_inches", "(", "6", ",", "5", ")", "pl", ".", "xlabel", "(", "name", ",", "color", "=", "axis_color", ",", "fontsize", "=", "13", ")", "pl", ".", "ylabel", "(", "labels", "[", "'VALUE_FOR'", "]", "%", "name", ",", "color", "=", "axis_color", ",", "fontsize", "=", "13", ")", "if", "title", "is", "not", "None", ":", "pl", ".", "title", "(", "title", ",", "color", "=", "axis_color", ",", "fontsize", "=", "13", ")", "pl", ".", "gca", "(", ")", ".", "xaxis", ".", "set_ticks_position", "(", "'bottom'", ")", "pl", ".", "gca", "(", ")", ".", "yaxis", ".", "set_ticks_position", "(", "'left'", ")", "pl", ".", "gca", "(", ")", ".", "spines", "[", "'right'", "]", ".", "set_visible", "(", "False", ")", "pl", ".", "gca", "(", ")", ".", "spines", "[", "'top'", "]", ".", "set_visible", "(", "False", ")", "pl", ".", "gca", "(", ")", ".", "tick_params", "(", "color", "=", "axis_color", ",", "labelcolor", "=", "axis_color", ",", "labelsize", "=", "11", ")", "for", "spine", "in", "pl", ".", "gca", "(", ")", ".", "spines", ".", "values", "(", ")", ":", "spine", ".", "set_edgecolor", "(", "axis_color", ")", "if", "type", "(", "xd", "[", "0", "]", ")", "==", "str", ":", "pl", ".", "xticks", "(", "[", "name_map", "[", "n", "]", "for", "n", "in", "xnames", "]", ",", "xnames", ",", "rotation", "=", "'vertical'", ",", "fontsize", "=", "11", ")", "if", "show", ":", "with", "warnings", ".", "catch_warnings", "(", ")", ":", "# ignore expected matplotlib warnings", "warnings", ".", "simplefilter", "(", "\"ignore\"", ",", "RuntimeWarning", ")", "pl", ".", "show", "(", ")" ]
Create a SHAP dependence plot, colored by an interaction feature. Plots the value of the feature on the x-axis and the SHAP value of the same feature on the y-axis. This shows how the model depends on the given feature, and is like a richer extenstion of the classical parital dependence plots. Vertical dispersion of the data points represents interaction effects. Grey ticks along the y-axis are data points where the feature's value was NaN. Parameters ---------- ind : int or string If this is an int it is the index of the feature to plot. If this is a string it is either the name of the feature to plot, or it can have the form "rank(int)" to specify the feature with that rank (ordered by mean absolute SHAP value over all the samples). shap_values : numpy.array Matrix of SHAP values (# samples x # features). features : numpy.array or pandas.DataFrame Matrix of feature values (# samples x # features). feature_names : list Names of the features (length # features). display_features : numpy.array or pandas.DataFrame Matrix of feature values for visual display (such as strings instead of coded values). interaction_index : "auto", None, int, or string The index of the feature used to color the plot. The name of a feature can also be passed as a string. If "auto" then shap.common.approximate_interactions is used to pick what seems to be the strongest interaction (note that to find to true stongest interaction you need to compute the SHAP interaction values). x_jitter : float (0 - 1) Adds random jitter to feature values. May increase plot readability when feature is discrete. alpha : float The transparency of the data points (between 0 and 1). This can be useful to the show density of the data points when using a large dataset. xmin : float or string Represents the lower bound of the plot's x-axis. It can be a string of the format "percentile(float)" to denote that percentile of the feature's value used on the x-axis. xmax : float or string Represents the upper bound of the plot's x-axis. It can be a string of the format "percentile(float)" to denote that percentile of the feature's value used on the x-axis.
[ "Create", "a", "SHAP", "dependence", "plot", "colored", "by", "an", "interaction", "feature", "." ]
b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/plots/dependence.py#L15-L275
train
slundberg/shap
shap/benchmark/metrics.py
runtime
def runtime(X, y, model_generator, method_name): """ Runtime transform = "negate" sort_order = 1 """ old_seed = np.random.seed() np.random.seed(3293) # average the method scores over several train/test splits method_reps = [] for i in range(1): X_train, X_test, y_train, _ = train_test_split(__toarray(X), y, test_size=100, random_state=i) # define the model we are going to explain model = model_generator() model.fit(X_train, y_train) # evaluate each method start = time.time() explainer = getattr(methods, method_name)(model, X_train) build_time = time.time() - start start = time.time() explainer(X_test) explain_time = time.time() - start # we always normalize the explain time as though we were explaining 1000 samples # even if to reduce the runtime of the benchmark we do less (like just 100) method_reps.append(build_time + explain_time * 1000.0 / X_test.shape[0]) np.random.seed(old_seed) return None, np.mean(method_reps)
python
def runtime(X, y, model_generator, method_name): """ Runtime transform = "negate" sort_order = 1 """ old_seed = np.random.seed() np.random.seed(3293) # average the method scores over several train/test splits method_reps = [] for i in range(1): X_train, X_test, y_train, _ = train_test_split(__toarray(X), y, test_size=100, random_state=i) # define the model we are going to explain model = model_generator() model.fit(X_train, y_train) # evaluate each method start = time.time() explainer = getattr(methods, method_name)(model, X_train) build_time = time.time() - start start = time.time() explainer(X_test) explain_time = time.time() - start # we always normalize the explain time as though we were explaining 1000 samples # even if to reduce the runtime of the benchmark we do less (like just 100) method_reps.append(build_time + explain_time * 1000.0 / X_test.shape[0]) np.random.seed(old_seed) return None, np.mean(method_reps)
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Runtime transform = "negate" sort_order = 1
[ "Runtime", "transform", "=", "negate", "sort_order", "=", "1" ]
b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/benchmark/metrics.py#L22-L54
train
slundberg/shap
shap/benchmark/metrics.py
local_accuracy
def local_accuracy(X, y, model_generator, method_name): """ Local Accuracy transform = "identity" sort_order = 2 """ def score_map(true, pred): """ Converts local accuracy from % of standard deviation to numerical scores for coloring. """ v = min(1.0, np.std(pred - true) / (np.std(true) + 1e-8)) if v < 1e-6: return 1.0 elif v < 0.01: return 0.9 elif v < 0.05: return 0.75 elif v < 0.1: return 0.6 elif v < 0.2: return 0.4 elif v < 0.3: return 0.3 elif v < 0.5: return 0.2 elif v < 0.7: return 0.1 else: return 0.0 def score_function(X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test, attr_function, trained_model, random_state): return measures.local_accuracy( X_train, y_train, X_test, y_test, attr_function(X_test), model_generator, score_map, trained_model ) return None, __score_method(X, y, None, model_generator, score_function, method_name)
python
def local_accuracy(X, y, model_generator, method_name): """ Local Accuracy transform = "identity" sort_order = 2 """ def score_map(true, pred): """ Converts local accuracy from % of standard deviation to numerical scores for coloring. """ v = min(1.0, np.std(pred - true) / (np.std(true) + 1e-8)) if v < 1e-6: return 1.0 elif v < 0.01: return 0.9 elif v < 0.05: return 0.75 elif v < 0.1: return 0.6 elif v < 0.2: return 0.4 elif v < 0.3: return 0.3 elif v < 0.5: return 0.2 elif v < 0.7: return 0.1 else: return 0.0 def score_function(X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test, attr_function, trained_model, random_state): return measures.local_accuracy( X_train, y_train, X_test, y_test, attr_function(X_test), model_generator, score_map, trained_model ) return None, __score_method(X, y, None, model_generator, score_function, method_name)
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Local Accuracy transform = "identity" sort_order = 2
[ "Local", "Accuracy", "transform", "=", "identity", "sort_order", "=", "2" ]
b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/benchmark/metrics.py#L56-L90
train
slundberg/shap
shap/benchmark/metrics.py
keep_negative_mask
def keep_negative_mask(X, y, model_generator, method_name, num_fcounts=11): """ Keep Negative (mask) xlabel = "Max fraction of features kept" ylabel = "Negative mean model output" transform = "negate" sort_order = 5 """ return __run_measure(measures.keep_mask, X, y, model_generator, method_name, -1, num_fcounts, __mean_pred)
python
def keep_negative_mask(X, y, model_generator, method_name, num_fcounts=11): """ Keep Negative (mask) xlabel = "Max fraction of features kept" ylabel = "Negative mean model output" transform = "negate" sort_order = 5 """ return __run_measure(measures.keep_mask, X, y, model_generator, method_name, -1, num_fcounts, __mean_pred)
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Keep Negative (mask) xlabel = "Max fraction of features kept" ylabel = "Negative mean model output" transform = "negate" sort_order = 5
[ "Keep", "Negative", "(", "mask", ")", "xlabel", "=", "Max", "fraction", "of", "features", "kept", "ylabel", "=", "Negative", "mean", "model", "output", "transform", "=", "negate", "sort_order", "=", "5" ]
b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/benchmark/metrics.py#L135-L142
train
slundberg/shap
shap/benchmark/metrics.py
keep_absolute_mask__r2
def keep_absolute_mask__r2(X, y, model_generator, method_name, num_fcounts=11): """ Keep Absolute (mask) xlabel = "Max fraction of features kept" ylabel = "R^2" transform = "identity" sort_order = 6 """ return __run_measure(measures.keep_mask, X, y, model_generator, method_name, 0, num_fcounts, sklearn.metrics.r2_score)
python
def keep_absolute_mask__r2(X, y, model_generator, method_name, num_fcounts=11): """ Keep Absolute (mask) xlabel = "Max fraction of features kept" ylabel = "R^2" transform = "identity" sort_order = 6 """ return __run_measure(measures.keep_mask, X, y, model_generator, method_name, 0, num_fcounts, sklearn.metrics.r2_score)
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Keep Absolute (mask) xlabel = "Max fraction of features kept" ylabel = "R^2" transform = "identity" sort_order = 6
[ "Keep", "Absolute", "(", "mask", ")", "xlabel", "=", "Max", "fraction", "of", "features", "kept", "ylabel", "=", "R^2", "transform", "=", "identity", "sort_order", "=", "6" ]
b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/benchmark/metrics.py#L144-L151
train
slundberg/shap
shap/benchmark/metrics.py
remove_positive_mask
def remove_positive_mask(X, y, model_generator, method_name, num_fcounts=11): """ Remove Positive (mask) xlabel = "Max fraction of features removed" ylabel = "Negative mean model output" transform = "negate" sort_order = 7 """ return __run_measure(measures.remove_mask, X, y, model_generator, method_name, 1, num_fcounts, __mean_pred)
python
def remove_positive_mask(X, y, model_generator, method_name, num_fcounts=11): """ Remove Positive (mask) xlabel = "Max fraction of features removed" ylabel = "Negative mean model output" transform = "negate" sort_order = 7 """ return __run_measure(measures.remove_mask, X, y, model_generator, method_name, 1, num_fcounts, __mean_pred)
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Remove Positive (mask) xlabel = "Max fraction of features removed" ylabel = "Negative mean model output" transform = "negate" sort_order = 7
[ "Remove", "Positive", "(", "mask", ")", "xlabel", "=", "Max", "fraction", "of", "features", "removed", "ylabel", "=", "Negative", "mean", "model", "output", "transform", "=", "negate", "sort_order", "=", "7" ]
b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/benchmark/metrics.py#L162-L169
train
slundberg/shap
shap/benchmark/metrics.py
remove_absolute_mask__r2
def remove_absolute_mask__r2(X, y, model_generator, method_name, num_fcounts=11): """ Remove Absolute (mask) xlabel = "Max fraction of features removed" ylabel = "1 - R^2" transform = "one_minus" sort_order = 9 """ return __run_measure(measures.remove_mask, X, y, model_generator, method_name, 0, num_fcounts, sklearn.metrics.r2_score)
python
def remove_absolute_mask__r2(X, y, model_generator, method_name, num_fcounts=11): """ Remove Absolute (mask) xlabel = "Max fraction of features removed" ylabel = "1 - R^2" transform = "one_minus" sort_order = 9 """ return __run_measure(measures.remove_mask, X, y, model_generator, method_name, 0, num_fcounts, sklearn.metrics.r2_score)
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Remove Absolute (mask) xlabel = "Max fraction of features removed" ylabel = "1 - R^2" transform = "one_minus" sort_order = 9
[ "Remove", "Absolute", "(", "mask", ")", "xlabel", "=", "Max", "fraction", "of", "features", "removed", "ylabel", "=", "1", "-", "R^2", "transform", "=", "one_minus", "sort_order", "=", "9" ]
b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/benchmark/metrics.py#L180-L187
train
slundberg/shap
shap/benchmark/metrics.py
keep_negative_resample
def keep_negative_resample(X, y, model_generator, method_name, num_fcounts=11): """ Keep Negative (resample) xlabel = "Max fraction of features kept" ylabel = "Negative mean model output" transform = "negate" sort_order = 11 """ return __run_measure(measures.keep_resample, X, y, model_generator, method_name, -1, num_fcounts, __mean_pred)
python
def keep_negative_resample(X, y, model_generator, method_name, num_fcounts=11): """ Keep Negative (resample) xlabel = "Max fraction of features kept" ylabel = "Negative mean model output" transform = "negate" sort_order = 11 """ return __run_measure(measures.keep_resample, X, y, model_generator, method_name, -1, num_fcounts, __mean_pred)
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Keep Negative (resample) xlabel = "Max fraction of features kept" ylabel = "Negative mean model output" transform = "negate" sort_order = 11
[ "Keep", "Negative", "(", "resample", ")", "xlabel", "=", "Max", "fraction", "of", "features", "kept", "ylabel", "=", "Negative", "mean", "model", "output", "transform", "=", "negate", "sort_order", "=", "11" ]
b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/benchmark/metrics.py#L207-L214
train
slundberg/shap
shap/benchmark/metrics.py
keep_absolute_resample__r2
def keep_absolute_resample__r2(X, y, model_generator, method_name, num_fcounts=11): """ Keep Absolute (resample) xlabel = "Max fraction of features kept" ylabel = "R^2" transform = "identity" sort_order = 12 """ return __run_measure(measures.keep_resample, X, y, model_generator, method_name, 0, num_fcounts, sklearn.metrics.r2_score)
python
def keep_absolute_resample__r2(X, y, model_generator, method_name, num_fcounts=11): """ Keep Absolute (resample) xlabel = "Max fraction of features kept" ylabel = "R^2" transform = "identity" sort_order = 12 """ return __run_measure(measures.keep_resample, X, y, model_generator, method_name, 0, num_fcounts, sklearn.metrics.r2_score)
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Keep Absolute (resample) xlabel = "Max fraction of features kept" ylabel = "R^2" transform = "identity" sort_order = 12
[ "Keep", "Absolute", "(", "resample", ")", "xlabel", "=", "Max", "fraction", "of", "features", "kept", "ylabel", "=", "R^2", "transform", "=", "identity", "sort_order", "=", "12" ]
b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/benchmark/metrics.py#L216-L223
train
slundberg/shap
shap/benchmark/metrics.py
keep_absolute_resample__roc_auc
def keep_absolute_resample__roc_auc(X, y, model_generator, method_name, num_fcounts=11): """ Keep Absolute (resample) xlabel = "Max fraction of features kept" ylabel = "ROC AUC" transform = "identity" sort_order = 12 """ return __run_measure(measures.keep_resample, X, y, model_generator, method_name, 0, num_fcounts, sklearn.metrics.roc_auc_score)
python
def keep_absolute_resample__roc_auc(X, y, model_generator, method_name, num_fcounts=11): """ Keep Absolute (resample) xlabel = "Max fraction of features kept" ylabel = "ROC AUC" transform = "identity" sort_order = 12 """ return __run_measure(measures.keep_resample, X, y, model_generator, method_name, 0, num_fcounts, sklearn.metrics.roc_auc_score)
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Keep Absolute (resample) xlabel = "Max fraction of features kept" ylabel = "ROC AUC" transform = "identity" sort_order = 12
[ "Keep", "Absolute", "(", "resample", ")", "xlabel", "=", "Max", "fraction", "of", "features", "kept", "ylabel", "=", "ROC", "AUC", "transform", "=", "identity", "sort_order", "=", "12" ]
b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/benchmark/metrics.py#L225-L232
train
slundberg/shap
shap/benchmark/metrics.py
remove_positive_resample
def remove_positive_resample(X, y, model_generator, method_name, num_fcounts=11): """ Remove Positive (resample) xlabel = "Max fraction of features removed" ylabel = "Negative mean model output" transform = "negate" sort_order = 13 """ return __run_measure(measures.remove_resample, X, y, model_generator, method_name, 1, num_fcounts, __mean_pred)
python
def remove_positive_resample(X, y, model_generator, method_name, num_fcounts=11): """ Remove Positive (resample) xlabel = "Max fraction of features removed" ylabel = "Negative mean model output" transform = "negate" sort_order = 13 """ return __run_measure(measures.remove_resample, X, y, model_generator, method_name, 1, num_fcounts, __mean_pred)
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Remove Positive (resample) xlabel = "Max fraction of features removed" ylabel = "Negative mean model output" transform = "negate" sort_order = 13
[ "Remove", "Positive", "(", "resample", ")", "xlabel", "=", "Max", "fraction", "of", "features", "removed", "ylabel", "=", "Negative", "mean", "model", "output", "transform", "=", "negate", "sort_order", "=", "13" ]
b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/benchmark/metrics.py#L234-L241
train
slundberg/shap
shap/benchmark/metrics.py
remove_absolute_resample__r2
def remove_absolute_resample__r2(X, y, model_generator, method_name, num_fcounts=11): """ Remove Absolute (resample) xlabel = "Max fraction of features removed" ylabel = "1 - R^2" transform = "one_minus" sort_order = 15 """ return __run_measure(measures.remove_resample, X, y, model_generator, method_name, 0, num_fcounts, sklearn.metrics.r2_score)
python
def remove_absolute_resample__r2(X, y, model_generator, method_name, num_fcounts=11): """ Remove Absolute (resample) xlabel = "Max fraction of features removed" ylabel = "1 - R^2" transform = "one_minus" sort_order = 15 """ return __run_measure(measures.remove_resample, X, y, model_generator, method_name, 0, num_fcounts, sklearn.metrics.r2_score)
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Remove Absolute (resample) xlabel = "Max fraction of features removed" ylabel = "1 - R^2" transform = "one_minus" sort_order = 15
[ "Remove", "Absolute", "(", "resample", ")", "xlabel", "=", "Max", "fraction", "of", "features", "removed", "ylabel", "=", "1", "-", "R^2", "transform", "=", "one_minus", "sort_order", "=", "15" ]
b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/benchmark/metrics.py#L252-L259
train
slundberg/shap
shap/benchmark/metrics.py
remove_absolute_resample__roc_auc
def remove_absolute_resample__roc_auc(X, y, model_generator, method_name, num_fcounts=11): """ Remove Absolute (resample) xlabel = "Max fraction of features removed" ylabel = "1 - ROC AUC" transform = "one_minus" sort_order = 15 """ return __run_measure(measures.remove_resample, X, y, model_generator, method_name, 0, num_fcounts, sklearn.metrics.roc_auc_score)
python
def remove_absolute_resample__roc_auc(X, y, model_generator, method_name, num_fcounts=11): """ Remove Absolute (resample) xlabel = "Max fraction of features removed" ylabel = "1 - ROC AUC" transform = "one_minus" sort_order = 15 """ return __run_measure(measures.remove_resample, X, y, model_generator, method_name, 0, num_fcounts, sklearn.metrics.roc_auc_score)
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Remove Absolute (resample) xlabel = "Max fraction of features removed" ylabel = "1 - ROC AUC" transform = "one_minus" sort_order = 15
[ "Remove", "Absolute", "(", "resample", ")", "xlabel", "=", "Max", "fraction", "of", "features", "removed", "ylabel", "=", "1", "-", "ROC", "AUC", "transform", "=", "one_minus", "sort_order", "=", "15" ]
b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/benchmark/metrics.py#L261-L268
train
slundberg/shap
shap/benchmark/metrics.py
keep_negative_impute
def keep_negative_impute(X, y, model_generator, method_name, num_fcounts=11): """ Keep Negative (impute) xlabel = "Max fraction of features kept" ylabel = "Negative mean model output" transform = "negate" sort_order = 17 """ return __run_measure(measures.keep_impute, X, y, model_generator, method_name, -1, num_fcounts, __mean_pred)
python
def keep_negative_impute(X, y, model_generator, method_name, num_fcounts=11): """ Keep Negative (impute) xlabel = "Max fraction of features kept" ylabel = "Negative mean model output" transform = "negate" sort_order = 17 """ return __run_measure(measures.keep_impute, X, y, model_generator, method_name, -1, num_fcounts, __mean_pred)
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Keep Negative (impute) xlabel = "Max fraction of features kept" ylabel = "Negative mean model output" transform = "negate" sort_order = 17
[ "Keep", "Negative", "(", "impute", ")", "xlabel", "=", "Max", "fraction", "of", "features", "kept", "ylabel", "=", "Negative", "mean", "model", "output", "transform", "=", "negate", "sort_order", "=", "17" ]
b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/benchmark/metrics.py#L279-L286
train
slundberg/shap
shap/benchmark/metrics.py
keep_absolute_impute__r2
def keep_absolute_impute__r2(X, y, model_generator, method_name, num_fcounts=11): """ Keep Absolute (impute) xlabel = "Max fraction of features kept" ylabel = "R^2" transform = "identity" sort_order = 18 """ return __run_measure(measures.keep_impute, X, y, model_generator, method_name, 0, num_fcounts, sklearn.metrics.r2_score)
python
def keep_absolute_impute__r2(X, y, model_generator, method_name, num_fcounts=11): """ Keep Absolute (impute) xlabel = "Max fraction of features kept" ylabel = "R^2" transform = "identity" sort_order = 18 """ return __run_measure(measures.keep_impute, X, y, model_generator, method_name, 0, num_fcounts, sklearn.metrics.r2_score)
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Keep Absolute (impute) xlabel = "Max fraction of features kept" ylabel = "R^2" transform = "identity" sort_order = 18
[ "Keep", "Absolute", "(", "impute", ")", "xlabel", "=", "Max", "fraction", "of", "features", "kept", "ylabel", "=", "R^2", "transform", "=", "identity", "sort_order", "=", "18" ]
b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/benchmark/metrics.py#L288-L295
train
slundberg/shap
shap/benchmark/metrics.py
keep_absolute_impute__roc_auc
def keep_absolute_impute__roc_auc(X, y, model_generator, method_name, num_fcounts=11): """ Keep Absolute (impute) xlabel = "Max fraction of features kept" ylabel = "ROC AUC" transform = "identity" sort_order = 19 """ return __run_measure(measures.keep_mask, X, y, model_generator, method_name, 0, num_fcounts, sklearn.metrics.roc_auc_score)
python
def keep_absolute_impute__roc_auc(X, y, model_generator, method_name, num_fcounts=11): """ Keep Absolute (impute) xlabel = "Max fraction of features kept" ylabel = "ROC AUC" transform = "identity" sort_order = 19 """ return __run_measure(measures.keep_mask, X, y, model_generator, method_name, 0, num_fcounts, sklearn.metrics.roc_auc_score)
[ "def", "keep_absolute_impute__roc_auc", "(", "X", ",", "y", ",", "model_generator", ",", "method_name", ",", "num_fcounts", "=", "11", ")", ":", "return", "__run_measure", "(", "measures", ".", "keep_mask", ",", "X", ",", "y", ",", "model_generator", ",", "method_name", ",", "0", ",", "num_fcounts", ",", "sklearn", ".", "metrics", ".", "roc_auc_score", ")" ]
Keep Absolute (impute) xlabel = "Max fraction of features kept" ylabel = "ROC AUC" transform = "identity" sort_order = 19
[ "Keep", "Absolute", "(", "impute", ")", "xlabel", "=", "Max", "fraction", "of", "features", "kept", "ylabel", "=", "ROC", "AUC", "transform", "=", "identity", "sort_order", "=", "19" ]
b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/benchmark/metrics.py#L297-L304
train
slundberg/shap
shap/benchmark/metrics.py
remove_positive_impute
def remove_positive_impute(X, y, model_generator, method_name, num_fcounts=11): """ Remove Positive (impute) xlabel = "Max fraction of features removed" ylabel = "Negative mean model output" transform = "negate" sort_order = 7 """ return __run_measure(measures.remove_impute, X, y, model_generator, method_name, 1, num_fcounts, __mean_pred)
python
def remove_positive_impute(X, y, model_generator, method_name, num_fcounts=11): """ Remove Positive (impute) xlabel = "Max fraction of features removed" ylabel = "Negative mean model output" transform = "negate" sort_order = 7 """ return __run_measure(measures.remove_impute, X, y, model_generator, method_name, 1, num_fcounts, __mean_pred)
[ "def", "remove_positive_impute", "(", "X", ",", "y", ",", "model_generator", ",", "method_name", ",", "num_fcounts", "=", "11", ")", ":", "return", "__run_measure", "(", "measures", ".", "remove_impute", ",", "X", ",", "y", ",", "model_generator", ",", "method_name", ",", "1", ",", "num_fcounts", ",", "__mean_pred", ")" ]
Remove Positive (impute) xlabel = "Max fraction of features removed" ylabel = "Negative mean model output" transform = "negate" sort_order = 7
[ "Remove", "Positive", "(", "impute", ")", "xlabel", "=", "Max", "fraction", "of", "features", "removed", "ylabel", "=", "Negative", "mean", "model", "output", "transform", "=", "negate", "sort_order", "=", "7" ]
b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/benchmark/metrics.py#L306-L313
train
slundberg/shap
shap/benchmark/metrics.py
remove_absolute_impute__r2
def remove_absolute_impute__r2(X, y, model_generator, method_name, num_fcounts=11): """ Remove Absolute (impute) xlabel = "Max fraction of features removed" ylabel = "1 - R^2" transform = "one_minus" sort_order = 9 """ return __run_measure(measures.remove_impute, X, y, model_generator, method_name, 0, num_fcounts, sklearn.metrics.r2_score)
python
def remove_absolute_impute__r2(X, y, model_generator, method_name, num_fcounts=11): """ Remove Absolute (impute) xlabel = "Max fraction of features removed" ylabel = "1 - R^2" transform = "one_minus" sort_order = 9 """ return __run_measure(measures.remove_impute, X, y, model_generator, method_name, 0, num_fcounts, sklearn.metrics.r2_score)
[ "def", "remove_absolute_impute__r2", "(", "X", ",", "y", ",", "model_generator", ",", "method_name", ",", "num_fcounts", "=", "11", ")", ":", "return", "__run_measure", "(", "measures", ".", "remove_impute", ",", "X", ",", "y", ",", "model_generator", ",", "method_name", ",", "0", ",", "num_fcounts", ",", "sklearn", ".", "metrics", ".", "r2_score", ")" ]
Remove Absolute (impute) xlabel = "Max fraction of features removed" ylabel = "1 - R^2" transform = "one_minus" sort_order = 9
[ "Remove", "Absolute", "(", "impute", ")", "xlabel", "=", "Max", "fraction", "of", "features", "removed", "ylabel", "=", "1", "-", "R^2", "transform", "=", "one_minus", "sort_order", "=", "9" ]
b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/benchmark/metrics.py#L324-L331
train
slundberg/shap
shap/benchmark/metrics.py
remove_absolute_impute__roc_auc
def remove_absolute_impute__roc_auc(X, y, model_generator, method_name, num_fcounts=11): """ Remove Absolute (impute) xlabel = "Max fraction of features removed" ylabel = "1 - ROC AUC" transform = "one_minus" sort_order = 9 """ return __run_measure(measures.remove_mask, X, y, model_generator, method_name, 0, num_fcounts, sklearn.metrics.roc_auc_score)
python
def remove_absolute_impute__roc_auc(X, y, model_generator, method_name, num_fcounts=11): """ Remove Absolute (impute) xlabel = "Max fraction of features removed" ylabel = "1 - ROC AUC" transform = "one_minus" sort_order = 9 """ return __run_measure(measures.remove_mask, X, y, model_generator, method_name, 0, num_fcounts, sklearn.metrics.roc_auc_score)
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Remove Absolute (impute) xlabel = "Max fraction of features removed" ylabel = "1 - ROC AUC" transform = "one_minus" sort_order = 9
[ "Remove", "Absolute", "(", "impute", ")", "xlabel", "=", "Max", "fraction", "of", "features", "removed", "ylabel", "=", "1", "-", "ROC", "AUC", "transform", "=", "one_minus", "sort_order", "=", "9" ]
b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/benchmark/metrics.py#L333-L340
train
slundberg/shap
shap/benchmark/metrics.py
keep_negative_retrain
def keep_negative_retrain(X, y, model_generator, method_name, num_fcounts=11): """ Keep Negative (retrain) xlabel = "Max fraction of features kept" ylabel = "Negative mean model output" transform = "negate" sort_order = 7 """ return __run_measure(measures.keep_retrain, X, y, model_generator, method_name, -1, num_fcounts, __mean_pred)
python
def keep_negative_retrain(X, y, model_generator, method_name, num_fcounts=11): """ Keep Negative (retrain) xlabel = "Max fraction of features kept" ylabel = "Negative mean model output" transform = "negate" sort_order = 7 """ return __run_measure(measures.keep_retrain, X, y, model_generator, method_name, -1, num_fcounts, __mean_pred)
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Keep Negative (retrain) xlabel = "Max fraction of features kept" ylabel = "Negative mean model output" transform = "negate" sort_order = 7
[ "Keep", "Negative", "(", "retrain", ")", "xlabel", "=", "Max", "fraction", "of", "features", "kept", "ylabel", "=", "Negative", "mean", "model", "output", "transform", "=", "negate", "sort_order", "=", "7" ]
b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/benchmark/metrics.py#L351-L358
train
slundberg/shap
shap/benchmark/metrics.py
remove_positive_retrain
def remove_positive_retrain(X, y, model_generator, method_name, num_fcounts=11): """ Remove Positive (retrain) xlabel = "Max fraction of features removed" ylabel = "Negative mean model output" transform = "negate" sort_order = 11 """ return __run_measure(measures.remove_retrain, X, y, model_generator, method_name, 1, num_fcounts, __mean_pred)
python
def remove_positive_retrain(X, y, model_generator, method_name, num_fcounts=11): """ Remove Positive (retrain) xlabel = "Max fraction of features removed" ylabel = "Negative mean model output" transform = "negate" sort_order = 11 """ return __run_measure(measures.remove_retrain, X, y, model_generator, method_name, 1, num_fcounts, __mean_pred)
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Remove Positive (retrain) xlabel = "Max fraction of features removed" ylabel = "Negative mean model output" transform = "negate" sort_order = 11
[ "Remove", "Positive", "(", "retrain", ")", "xlabel", "=", "Max", "fraction", "of", "features", "removed", "ylabel", "=", "Negative", "mean", "model", "output", "transform", "=", "negate", "sort_order", "=", "11" ]
b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/benchmark/metrics.py#L360-L367
train
slundberg/shap
shap/benchmark/metrics.py
batch_remove_absolute_retrain__r2
def batch_remove_absolute_retrain__r2(X, y, model_generator, method_name, num_fcounts=11): """ Batch Remove Absolute (retrain) xlabel = "Fraction of features removed" ylabel = "1 - R^2" transform = "one_minus" sort_order = 13 """ return __run_batch_abs_metric(measures.batch_remove_retrain, X, y, model_generator, method_name, sklearn.metrics.r2_score, num_fcounts)
python
def batch_remove_absolute_retrain__r2(X, y, model_generator, method_name, num_fcounts=11): """ Batch Remove Absolute (retrain) xlabel = "Fraction of features removed" ylabel = "1 - R^2" transform = "one_minus" sort_order = 13 """ return __run_batch_abs_metric(measures.batch_remove_retrain, X, y, model_generator, method_name, sklearn.metrics.r2_score, num_fcounts)
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Batch Remove Absolute (retrain) xlabel = "Fraction of features removed" ylabel = "1 - R^2" transform = "one_minus" sort_order = 13
[ "Batch", "Remove", "Absolute", "(", "retrain", ")", "xlabel", "=", "Fraction", "of", "features", "removed", "ylabel", "=", "1", "-", "R^2", "transform", "=", "one_minus", "sort_order", "=", "13" ]
b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/benchmark/metrics.py#L394-L401
train
slundberg/shap
shap/benchmark/metrics.py
batch_keep_absolute_retrain__r2
def batch_keep_absolute_retrain__r2(X, y, model_generator, method_name, num_fcounts=11): """ Batch Keep Absolute (retrain) xlabel = "Fraction of features kept" ylabel = "R^2" transform = "identity" sort_order = 13 """ return __run_batch_abs_metric(measures.batch_keep_retrain, X, y, model_generator, method_name, sklearn.metrics.r2_score, num_fcounts)
python
def batch_keep_absolute_retrain__r2(X, y, model_generator, method_name, num_fcounts=11): """ Batch Keep Absolute (retrain) xlabel = "Fraction of features kept" ylabel = "R^2" transform = "identity" sort_order = 13 """ return __run_batch_abs_metric(measures.batch_keep_retrain, X, y, model_generator, method_name, sklearn.metrics.r2_score, num_fcounts)
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Batch Keep Absolute (retrain) xlabel = "Fraction of features kept" ylabel = "R^2" transform = "identity" sort_order = 13
[ "Batch", "Keep", "Absolute", "(", "retrain", ")", "xlabel", "=", "Fraction", "of", "features", "kept", "ylabel", "=", "R^2", "transform", "=", "identity", "sort_order", "=", "13" ]
b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/benchmark/metrics.py#L403-L410
train
slundberg/shap
shap/benchmark/metrics.py
batch_remove_absolute_retrain__roc_auc
def batch_remove_absolute_retrain__roc_auc(X, y, model_generator, method_name, num_fcounts=11): """ Batch Remove Absolute (retrain) xlabel = "Fraction of features removed" ylabel = "1 - ROC AUC" transform = "one_minus" sort_order = 13 """ return __run_batch_abs_metric(measures.batch_remove_retrain, X, y, model_generator, method_name, sklearn.metrics.roc_auc_score, num_fcounts)
python
def batch_remove_absolute_retrain__roc_auc(X, y, model_generator, method_name, num_fcounts=11): """ Batch Remove Absolute (retrain) xlabel = "Fraction of features removed" ylabel = "1 - ROC AUC" transform = "one_minus" sort_order = 13 """ return __run_batch_abs_metric(measures.batch_remove_retrain, X, y, model_generator, method_name, sklearn.metrics.roc_auc_score, num_fcounts)
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Batch Remove Absolute (retrain) xlabel = "Fraction of features removed" ylabel = "1 - ROC AUC" transform = "one_minus" sort_order = 13
[ "Batch", "Remove", "Absolute", "(", "retrain", ")", "xlabel", "=", "Fraction", "of", "features", "removed", "ylabel", "=", "1", "-", "ROC", "AUC", "transform", "=", "one_minus", "sort_order", "=", "13" ]
b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/benchmark/metrics.py#L412-L419
train
slundberg/shap
shap/benchmark/metrics.py
batch_keep_absolute_retrain__roc_auc
def batch_keep_absolute_retrain__roc_auc(X, y, model_generator, method_name, num_fcounts=11): """ Batch Keep Absolute (retrain) xlabel = "Fraction of features kept" ylabel = "ROC AUC" transform = "identity" sort_order = 13 """ return __run_batch_abs_metric(measures.batch_keep_retrain, X, y, model_generator, method_name, sklearn.metrics.roc_auc_score, num_fcounts)
python
def batch_keep_absolute_retrain__roc_auc(X, y, model_generator, method_name, num_fcounts=11): """ Batch Keep Absolute (retrain) xlabel = "Fraction of features kept" ylabel = "ROC AUC" transform = "identity" sort_order = 13 """ return __run_batch_abs_metric(measures.batch_keep_retrain, X, y, model_generator, method_name, sklearn.metrics.roc_auc_score, num_fcounts)
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Batch Keep Absolute (retrain) xlabel = "Fraction of features kept" ylabel = "ROC AUC" transform = "identity" sort_order = 13
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b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/benchmark/metrics.py#L421-L428
train
slundberg/shap
shap/benchmark/metrics.py
__score_method
def __score_method(X, y, fcounts, model_generator, score_function, method_name, nreps=10, test_size=100, cache_dir="/tmp"): """ Test an explanation method. """ old_seed = np.random.seed() np.random.seed(3293) # average the method scores over several train/test splits method_reps = [] data_hash = hashlib.sha256(__toarray(X).flatten()).hexdigest() + hashlib.sha256(__toarray(y)).hexdigest() for i in range(nreps): X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(__toarray(X), y, test_size=test_size, random_state=i) # define the model we are going to explain, caching so we onlu build it once model_id = "model_cache__v" + "__".join([__version__, data_hash, model_generator.__name__])+".pickle" cache_file = os.path.join(cache_dir, model_id + ".pickle") if os.path.isfile(cache_file): with open(cache_file, "rb") as f: model = pickle.load(f) else: model = model_generator() model.fit(X_train, y_train) with open(cache_file, "wb") as f: pickle.dump(model, f) attr_key = "_".join([model_generator.__name__, method_name, str(test_size), str(nreps), str(i), data_hash]) def score(attr_function): def cached_attr_function(X_inner): if attr_key not in _attribution_cache: _attribution_cache[attr_key] = attr_function(X_inner) return _attribution_cache[attr_key] #cached_attr_function = lambda X: __check_cache(attr_function, X) if fcounts is None: return score_function(X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test, cached_attr_function, model, i) else: scores = [] for f in fcounts: scores.append(score_function(f, X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test, cached_attr_function, model, i)) return np.array(scores) # evaluate the method (only building the attribution function if we need to) if attr_key not in _attribution_cache: method_reps.append(score(getattr(methods, method_name)(model, X_train))) else: method_reps.append(score(None)) np.random.seed(old_seed) return np.array(method_reps).mean(0)
python
def __score_method(X, y, fcounts, model_generator, score_function, method_name, nreps=10, test_size=100, cache_dir="/tmp"): """ Test an explanation method. """ old_seed = np.random.seed() np.random.seed(3293) # average the method scores over several train/test splits method_reps = [] data_hash = hashlib.sha256(__toarray(X).flatten()).hexdigest() + hashlib.sha256(__toarray(y)).hexdigest() for i in range(nreps): X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(__toarray(X), y, test_size=test_size, random_state=i) # define the model we are going to explain, caching so we onlu build it once model_id = "model_cache__v" + "__".join([__version__, data_hash, model_generator.__name__])+".pickle" cache_file = os.path.join(cache_dir, model_id + ".pickle") if os.path.isfile(cache_file): with open(cache_file, "rb") as f: model = pickle.load(f) else: model = model_generator() model.fit(X_train, y_train) with open(cache_file, "wb") as f: pickle.dump(model, f) attr_key = "_".join([model_generator.__name__, method_name, str(test_size), str(nreps), str(i), data_hash]) def score(attr_function): def cached_attr_function(X_inner): if attr_key not in _attribution_cache: _attribution_cache[attr_key] = attr_function(X_inner) return _attribution_cache[attr_key] #cached_attr_function = lambda X: __check_cache(attr_function, X) if fcounts is None: return score_function(X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test, cached_attr_function, model, i) else: scores = [] for f in fcounts: scores.append(score_function(f, X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test, cached_attr_function, model, i)) return np.array(scores) # evaluate the method (only building the attribution function if we need to) if attr_key not in _attribution_cache: method_reps.append(score(getattr(methods, method_name)(model, X_train))) else: method_reps.append(score(None)) np.random.seed(old_seed) return np.array(method_reps).mean(0)
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Test an explanation method.
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b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/benchmark/metrics.py#L446-L495
train
slundberg/shap
shap/benchmark/metrics.py
human_and_00
def human_and_00(X, y, model_generator, method_name): """ AND (false/false) This tests how well a feature attribution method agrees with human intuition for an AND operation combined with linear effects. This metric deals specifically with the question of credit allocation for the following function when all three inputs are true: if fever: +2 points if cough: +2 points if fever and cough: +6 points transform = "identity" sort_order = 0 """ return _human_and(X, model_generator, method_name, False, False)
python
def human_and_00(X, y, model_generator, method_name): """ AND (false/false) This tests how well a feature attribution method agrees with human intuition for an AND operation combined with linear effects. This metric deals specifically with the question of credit allocation for the following function when all three inputs are true: if fever: +2 points if cough: +2 points if fever and cough: +6 points transform = "identity" sort_order = 0 """ return _human_and(X, model_generator, method_name, False, False)
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AND (false/false) This tests how well a feature attribution method agrees with human intuition for an AND operation combined with linear effects. This metric deals specifically with the question of credit allocation for the following function when all three inputs are true: if fever: +2 points if cough: +2 points if fever and cough: +6 points transform = "identity" sort_order = 0
[ "AND", "(", "false", "/", "false", ")" ]
b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/benchmark/metrics.py#L578-L592
train
slundberg/shap
shap/benchmark/metrics.py
human_and_01
def human_and_01(X, y, model_generator, method_name): """ AND (false/true) This tests how well a feature attribution method agrees with human intuition for an AND operation combined with linear effects. This metric deals specifically with the question of credit allocation for the following function when all three inputs are true: if fever: +2 points if cough: +2 points if fever and cough: +6 points transform = "identity" sort_order = 1 """ return _human_and(X, model_generator, method_name, False, True)
python
def human_and_01(X, y, model_generator, method_name): """ AND (false/true) This tests how well a feature attribution method agrees with human intuition for an AND operation combined with linear effects. This metric deals specifically with the question of credit allocation for the following function when all three inputs are true: if fever: +2 points if cough: +2 points if fever and cough: +6 points transform = "identity" sort_order = 1 """ return _human_and(X, model_generator, method_name, False, True)
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AND (false/true) This tests how well a feature attribution method agrees with human intuition for an AND operation combined with linear effects. This metric deals specifically with the question of credit allocation for the following function when all three inputs are true: if fever: +2 points if cough: +2 points if fever and cough: +6 points transform = "identity" sort_order = 1
[ "AND", "(", "false", "/", "true", ")" ]
b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/benchmark/metrics.py#L594-L608
train
slundberg/shap
shap/benchmark/metrics.py
human_and_11
def human_and_11(X, y, model_generator, method_name): """ AND (true/true) This tests how well a feature attribution method agrees with human intuition for an AND operation combined with linear effects. This metric deals specifically with the question of credit allocation for the following function when all three inputs are true: if fever: +2 points if cough: +2 points if fever and cough: +6 points transform = "identity" sort_order = 2 """ return _human_and(X, model_generator, method_name, True, True)
python
def human_and_11(X, y, model_generator, method_name): """ AND (true/true) This tests how well a feature attribution method agrees with human intuition for an AND operation combined with linear effects. This metric deals specifically with the question of credit allocation for the following function when all three inputs are true: if fever: +2 points if cough: +2 points if fever and cough: +6 points transform = "identity" sort_order = 2 """ return _human_and(X, model_generator, method_name, True, True)
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AND (true/true) This tests how well a feature attribution method agrees with human intuition for an AND operation combined with linear effects. This metric deals specifically with the question of credit allocation for the following function when all three inputs are true: if fever: +2 points if cough: +2 points if fever and cough: +6 points transform = "identity" sort_order = 2
[ "AND", "(", "true", "/", "true", ")" ]
b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/benchmark/metrics.py#L610-L624
train
slundberg/shap
shap/benchmark/metrics.py
human_or_00
def human_or_00(X, y, model_generator, method_name): """ OR (false/false) This tests how well a feature attribution method agrees with human intuition for an OR operation combined with linear effects. This metric deals specifically with the question of credit allocation for the following function when all three inputs are true: if fever: +2 points if cough: +2 points if fever or cough: +6 points transform = "identity" sort_order = 0 """ return _human_or(X, model_generator, method_name, False, False)
python
def human_or_00(X, y, model_generator, method_name): """ OR (false/false) This tests how well a feature attribution method agrees with human intuition for an OR operation combined with linear effects. This metric deals specifically with the question of credit allocation for the following function when all three inputs are true: if fever: +2 points if cough: +2 points if fever or cough: +6 points transform = "identity" sort_order = 0 """ return _human_or(X, model_generator, method_name, False, False)
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OR (false/false) This tests how well a feature attribution method agrees with human intuition for an OR operation combined with linear effects. This metric deals specifically with the question of credit allocation for the following function when all three inputs are true: if fever: +2 points if cough: +2 points if fever or cough: +6 points transform = "identity" sort_order = 0
[ "OR", "(", "false", "/", "false", ")" ]
b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/benchmark/metrics.py#L649-L663
train
slundberg/shap
shap/benchmark/metrics.py
human_or_01
def human_or_01(X, y, model_generator, method_name): """ OR (false/true) This tests how well a feature attribution method agrees with human intuition for an OR operation combined with linear effects. This metric deals specifically with the question of credit allocation for the following function when all three inputs are true: if fever: +2 points if cough: +2 points if fever or cough: +6 points transform = "identity" sort_order = 1 """ return _human_or(X, model_generator, method_name, False, True)
python
def human_or_01(X, y, model_generator, method_name): """ OR (false/true) This tests how well a feature attribution method agrees with human intuition for an OR operation combined with linear effects. This metric deals specifically with the question of credit allocation for the following function when all three inputs are true: if fever: +2 points if cough: +2 points if fever or cough: +6 points transform = "identity" sort_order = 1 """ return _human_or(X, model_generator, method_name, False, True)
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OR (false/true) This tests how well a feature attribution method agrees with human intuition for an OR operation combined with linear effects. This metric deals specifically with the question of credit allocation for the following function when all three inputs are true: if fever: +2 points if cough: +2 points if fever or cough: +6 points transform = "identity" sort_order = 1
[ "OR", "(", "false", "/", "true", ")" ]
b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/benchmark/metrics.py#L665-L679
train
slundberg/shap
shap/benchmark/metrics.py
human_or_11
def human_or_11(X, y, model_generator, method_name): """ OR (true/true) This tests how well a feature attribution method agrees with human intuition for an OR operation combined with linear effects. This metric deals specifically with the question of credit allocation for the following function when all three inputs are true: if fever: +2 points if cough: +2 points if fever or cough: +6 points transform = "identity" sort_order = 2 """ return _human_or(X, model_generator, method_name, True, True)
python
def human_or_11(X, y, model_generator, method_name): """ OR (true/true) This tests how well a feature attribution method agrees with human intuition for an OR operation combined with linear effects. This metric deals specifically with the question of credit allocation for the following function when all three inputs are true: if fever: +2 points if cough: +2 points if fever or cough: +6 points transform = "identity" sort_order = 2 """ return _human_or(X, model_generator, method_name, True, True)
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OR (true/true) This tests how well a feature attribution method agrees with human intuition for an OR operation combined with linear effects. This metric deals specifically with the question of credit allocation for the following function when all three inputs are true: if fever: +2 points if cough: +2 points if fever or cough: +6 points transform = "identity" sort_order = 2
[ "OR", "(", "true", "/", "true", ")" ]
b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/benchmark/metrics.py#L681-L695
train
slundberg/shap
shap/benchmark/metrics.py
human_xor_00
def human_xor_00(X, y, model_generator, method_name): """ XOR (false/false) This tests how well a feature attribution method agrees with human intuition for an eXclusive OR operation combined with linear effects. This metric deals specifically with the question of credit allocation for the following function when all three inputs are true: if fever: +2 points if cough: +2 points if fever or cough but not both: +6 points transform = "identity" sort_order = 3 """ return _human_xor(X, model_generator, method_name, False, False)
python
def human_xor_00(X, y, model_generator, method_name): """ XOR (false/false) This tests how well a feature attribution method agrees with human intuition for an eXclusive OR operation combined with linear effects. This metric deals specifically with the question of credit allocation for the following function when all three inputs are true: if fever: +2 points if cough: +2 points if fever or cough but not both: +6 points transform = "identity" sort_order = 3 """ return _human_xor(X, model_generator, method_name, False, False)
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XOR (false/false) This tests how well a feature attribution method agrees with human intuition for an eXclusive OR operation combined with linear effects. This metric deals specifically with the question of credit allocation for the following function when all three inputs are true: if fever: +2 points if cough: +2 points if fever or cough but not both: +6 points transform = "identity" sort_order = 3
[ "XOR", "(", "false", "/", "false", ")" ]
b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/benchmark/metrics.py#L720-L734
train
slundberg/shap
shap/benchmark/metrics.py
human_xor_01
def human_xor_01(X, y, model_generator, method_name): """ XOR (false/true) This tests how well a feature attribution method agrees with human intuition for an eXclusive OR operation combined with linear effects. This metric deals specifically with the question of credit allocation for the following function when all three inputs are true: if fever: +2 points if cough: +2 points if fever or cough but not both: +6 points transform = "identity" sort_order = 4 """ return _human_xor(X, model_generator, method_name, False, True)
python
def human_xor_01(X, y, model_generator, method_name): """ XOR (false/true) This tests how well a feature attribution method agrees with human intuition for an eXclusive OR operation combined with linear effects. This metric deals specifically with the question of credit allocation for the following function when all three inputs are true: if fever: +2 points if cough: +2 points if fever or cough but not both: +6 points transform = "identity" sort_order = 4 """ return _human_xor(X, model_generator, method_name, False, True)
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XOR (false/true) This tests how well a feature attribution method agrees with human intuition for an eXclusive OR operation combined with linear effects. This metric deals specifically with the question of credit allocation for the following function when all three inputs are true: if fever: +2 points if cough: +2 points if fever or cough but not both: +6 points transform = "identity" sort_order = 4
[ "XOR", "(", "false", "/", "true", ")" ]
b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/benchmark/metrics.py#L736-L750
train
slundberg/shap
shap/benchmark/metrics.py
human_xor_11
def human_xor_11(X, y, model_generator, method_name): """ XOR (true/true) This tests how well a feature attribution method agrees with human intuition for an eXclusive OR operation combined with linear effects. This metric deals specifically with the question of credit allocation for the following function when all three inputs are true: if fever: +2 points if cough: +2 points if fever or cough but not both: +6 points transform = "identity" sort_order = 5 """ return _human_xor(X, model_generator, method_name, True, True)
python
def human_xor_11(X, y, model_generator, method_name): """ XOR (true/true) This tests how well a feature attribution method agrees with human intuition for an eXclusive OR operation combined with linear effects. This metric deals specifically with the question of credit allocation for the following function when all three inputs are true: if fever: +2 points if cough: +2 points if fever or cough but not both: +6 points transform = "identity" sort_order = 5 """ return _human_xor(X, model_generator, method_name, True, True)
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XOR (true/true) This tests how well a feature attribution method agrees with human intuition for an eXclusive OR operation combined with linear effects. This metric deals specifically with the question of credit allocation for the following function when all three inputs are true: if fever: +2 points if cough: +2 points if fever or cough but not both: +6 points transform = "identity" sort_order = 5
[ "XOR", "(", "true", "/", "true", ")" ]
b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/benchmark/metrics.py#L752-L766
train
slundberg/shap
shap/benchmark/metrics.py
human_sum_00
def human_sum_00(X, y, model_generator, method_name): """ SUM (false/false) This tests how well a feature attribution method agrees with human intuition for a SUM operation. This metric deals specifically with the question of credit allocation for the following function when all three inputs are true: if fever: +2 points if cough: +2 points transform = "identity" sort_order = 0 """ return _human_sum(X, model_generator, method_name, False, False)
python
def human_sum_00(X, y, model_generator, method_name): """ SUM (false/false) This tests how well a feature attribution method agrees with human intuition for a SUM operation. This metric deals specifically with the question of credit allocation for the following function when all three inputs are true: if fever: +2 points if cough: +2 points transform = "identity" sort_order = 0 """ return _human_sum(X, model_generator, method_name, False, False)
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SUM (false/false) This tests how well a feature attribution method agrees with human intuition for a SUM operation. This metric deals specifically with the question of credit allocation for the following function when all three inputs are true: if fever: +2 points if cough: +2 points transform = "identity" sort_order = 0
[ "SUM", "(", "false", "/", "false", ")" ]
b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/benchmark/metrics.py#L791-L804
train
slundberg/shap
shap/benchmark/metrics.py
human_sum_01
def human_sum_01(X, y, model_generator, method_name): """ SUM (false/true) This tests how well a feature attribution method agrees with human intuition for a SUM operation. This metric deals specifically with the question of credit allocation for the following function when all three inputs are true: if fever: +2 points if cough: +2 points transform = "identity" sort_order = 1 """ return _human_sum(X, model_generator, method_name, False, True)
python
def human_sum_01(X, y, model_generator, method_name): """ SUM (false/true) This tests how well a feature attribution method agrees with human intuition for a SUM operation. This metric deals specifically with the question of credit allocation for the following function when all three inputs are true: if fever: +2 points if cough: +2 points transform = "identity" sort_order = 1 """ return _human_sum(X, model_generator, method_name, False, True)
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SUM (false/true) This tests how well a feature attribution method agrees with human intuition for a SUM operation. This metric deals specifically with the question of credit allocation for the following function when all three inputs are true: if fever: +2 points if cough: +2 points transform = "identity" sort_order = 1
[ "SUM", "(", "false", "/", "true", ")" ]
b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/benchmark/metrics.py#L806-L819
train
slundberg/shap
shap/benchmark/metrics.py
human_sum_11
def human_sum_11(X, y, model_generator, method_name): """ SUM (true/true) This tests how well a feature attribution method agrees with human intuition for a SUM operation. This metric deals specifically with the question of credit allocation for the following function when all three inputs are true: if fever: +2 points if cough: +2 points transform = "identity" sort_order = 2 """ return _human_sum(X, model_generator, method_name, True, True)
python
def human_sum_11(X, y, model_generator, method_name): """ SUM (true/true) This tests how well a feature attribution method agrees with human intuition for a SUM operation. This metric deals specifically with the question of credit allocation for the following function when all three inputs are true: if fever: +2 points if cough: +2 points transform = "identity" sort_order = 2 """ return _human_sum(X, model_generator, method_name, True, True)
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SUM (true/true) This tests how well a feature attribution method agrees with human intuition for a SUM operation. This metric deals specifically with the question of credit allocation for the following function when all three inputs are true: if fever: +2 points if cough: +2 points transform = "identity" sort_order = 2
[ "SUM", "(", "true", "/", "true", ")" ]
b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/benchmark/metrics.py#L821-L834
train
slundberg/shap
shap/explainers/linear.py
LinearExplainer._estimate_transforms
def _estimate_transforms(self, nsamples): """ Uses block matrix inversion identities to quickly estimate transforms. After a bit of matrix math we can isolate a transform matrix (# features x # features) that is independent of any sample we are explaining. It is the result of averaging over all feature permutations, but we just use a fixed number of samples to estimate the value. TODO: Do a brute force enumeration when # feature subsets is less than nsamples. This could happen through a recursive method that uses the same block matrix inversion as below. """ M = len(self.coef) mean_transform = np.zeros((M,M)) x_transform = np.zeros((M,M)) inds = np.arange(M, dtype=np.int) for _ in tqdm(range(nsamples), "Estimating transforms"): np.random.shuffle(inds) cov_inv_SiSi = np.zeros((0,0)) cov_Si = np.zeros((M,0)) for j in range(M): i = inds[j] # use the last Si as the new S cov_S = cov_Si cov_inv_SS = cov_inv_SiSi # get the new cov_Si cov_Si = self.cov[:,inds[:j+1]] # compute the new cov_inv_SiSi from cov_inv_SS d = cov_Si[i,:-1].T t = np.matmul(cov_inv_SS, d) Z = self.cov[i, i] u = Z - np.matmul(t.T, d) cov_inv_SiSi = np.zeros((j+1, j+1)) if j > 0: cov_inv_SiSi[:-1, :-1] = cov_inv_SS + np.outer(t, t) / u cov_inv_SiSi[:-1, -1] = cov_inv_SiSi[-1,:-1] = -t / u cov_inv_SiSi[-1, -1] = 1 / u # + coef @ (Q(bar(Sui)) - Q(bar(S))) mean_transform[i, i] += self.coef[i] # + coef @ R(Sui) coef_R_Si = np.matmul(self.coef[inds[j+1:]], np.matmul(cov_Si, cov_inv_SiSi)[inds[j+1:]]) mean_transform[i, inds[:j+1]] += coef_R_Si # - coef @ R(S) coef_R_S = np.matmul(self.coef[inds[j:]], np.matmul(cov_S, cov_inv_SS)[inds[j:]]) mean_transform[i, inds[:j]] -= coef_R_S # - coef @ (Q(Sui) - Q(S)) x_transform[i, i] += self.coef[i] # + coef @ R(Sui) x_transform[i, inds[:j+1]] += coef_R_Si # - coef @ R(S) x_transform[i, inds[:j]] -= coef_R_S mean_transform /= nsamples x_transform /= nsamples return mean_transform, x_transform
python
def _estimate_transforms(self, nsamples): """ Uses block matrix inversion identities to quickly estimate transforms. After a bit of matrix math we can isolate a transform matrix (# features x # features) that is independent of any sample we are explaining. It is the result of averaging over all feature permutations, but we just use a fixed number of samples to estimate the value. TODO: Do a brute force enumeration when # feature subsets is less than nsamples. This could happen through a recursive method that uses the same block matrix inversion as below. """ M = len(self.coef) mean_transform = np.zeros((M,M)) x_transform = np.zeros((M,M)) inds = np.arange(M, dtype=np.int) for _ in tqdm(range(nsamples), "Estimating transforms"): np.random.shuffle(inds) cov_inv_SiSi = np.zeros((0,0)) cov_Si = np.zeros((M,0)) for j in range(M): i = inds[j] # use the last Si as the new S cov_S = cov_Si cov_inv_SS = cov_inv_SiSi # get the new cov_Si cov_Si = self.cov[:,inds[:j+1]] # compute the new cov_inv_SiSi from cov_inv_SS d = cov_Si[i,:-1].T t = np.matmul(cov_inv_SS, d) Z = self.cov[i, i] u = Z - np.matmul(t.T, d) cov_inv_SiSi = np.zeros((j+1, j+1)) if j > 0: cov_inv_SiSi[:-1, :-1] = cov_inv_SS + np.outer(t, t) / u cov_inv_SiSi[:-1, -1] = cov_inv_SiSi[-1,:-1] = -t / u cov_inv_SiSi[-1, -1] = 1 / u # + coef @ (Q(bar(Sui)) - Q(bar(S))) mean_transform[i, i] += self.coef[i] # + coef @ R(Sui) coef_R_Si = np.matmul(self.coef[inds[j+1:]], np.matmul(cov_Si, cov_inv_SiSi)[inds[j+1:]]) mean_transform[i, inds[:j+1]] += coef_R_Si # - coef @ R(S) coef_R_S = np.matmul(self.coef[inds[j:]], np.matmul(cov_S, cov_inv_SS)[inds[j:]]) mean_transform[i, inds[:j]] -= coef_R_S # - coef @ (Q(Sui) - Q(S)) x_transform[i, i] += self.coef[i] # + coef @ R(Sui) x_transform[i, inds[:j+1]] += coef_R_Si # - coef @ R(S) x_transform[i, inds[:j]] -= coef_R_S mean_transform /= nsamples x_transform /= nsamples return mean_transform, x_transform
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Uses block matrix inversion identities to quickly estimate transforms. After a bit of matrix math we can isolate a transform matrix (# features x # features) that is independent of any sample we are explaining. It is the result of averaging over all feature permutations, but we just use a fixed number of samples to estimate the value. TODO: Do a brute force enumeration when # feature subsets is less than nsamples. This could happen through a recursive method that uses the same block matrix inversion as below.
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b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/explainers/linear.py#L113-L175
train
slundberg/shap
shap/explainers/linear.py
LinearExplainer.shap_values
def shap_values(self, X): """ Estimate the SHAP values for a set of samples. Parameters ---------- X : numpy.array or pandas.DataFrame A matrix of samples (# samples x # features) on which to explain the model's output. Returns ------- For models with a single output this returns a matrix of SHAP values (# samples x # features). Each row sums to the difference between the model output for that sample and the expected value of the model output (which is stored as expected_value attribute of the explainer). """ # convert dataframes if str(type(X)).endswith("pandas.core.series.Series'>"): X = X.values elif str(type(X)).endswith("'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>"): X = X.values #assert str(type(X)).endswith("'numpy.ndarray'>"), "Unknown instance type: " + str(type(X)) assert len(X.shape) == 1 or len(X.shape) == 2, "Instance must have 1 or 2 dimensions!" if self.feature_dependence == "correlation": phi = np.matmul(np.matmul(X[:,self.valid_inds], self.avg_proj.T), self.x_transform.T) - self.mean_transformed phi = np.matmul(phi, self.avg_proj) full_phi = np.zeros(((phi.shape[0], self.M))) full_phi[:,self.valid_inds] = phi return full_phi elif self.feature_dependence == "independent": if len(self.coef.shape) == 1: return np.array(X - self.mean) * self.coef else: return [np.array(X - self.mean) * self.coef[i] for i in range(self.coef.shape[0])]
python
def shap_values(self, X): """ Estimate the SHAP values for a set of samples. Parameters ---------- X : numpy.array or pandas.DataFrame A matrix of samples (# samples x # features) on which to explain the model's output. Returns ------- For models with a single output this returns a matrix of SHAP values (# samples x # features). Each row sums to the difference between the model output for that sample and the expected value of the model output (which is stored as expected_value attribute of the explainer). """ # convert dataframes if str(type(X)).endswith("pandas.core.series.Series'>"): X = X.values elif str(type(X)).endswith("'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>"): X = X.values #assert str(type(X)).endswith("'numpy.ndarray'>"), "Unknown instance type: " + str(type(X)) assert len(X.shape) == 1 or len(X.shape) == 2, "Instance must have 1 or 2 dimensions!" if self.feature_dependence == "correlation": phi = np.matmul(np.matmul(X[:,self.valid_inds], self.avg_proj.T), self.x_transform.T) - self.mean_transformed phi = np.matmul(phi, self.avg_proj) full_phi = np.zeros(((phi.shape[0], self.M))) full_phi[:,self.valid_inds] = phi return full_phi elif self.feature_dependence == "independent": if len(self.coef.shape) == 1: return np.array(X - self.mean) * self.coef else: return [np.array(X - self.mean) * self.coef[i] for i in range(self.coef.shape[0])]
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Estimate the SHAP values for a set of samples. Parameters ---------- X : numpy.array or pandas.DataFrame A matrix of samples (# samples x # features) on which to explain the model's output. Returns ------- For models with a single output this returns a matrix of SHAP values (# samples x # features). Each row sums to the difference between the model output for that sample and the expected value of the model output (which is stored as expected_value attribute of the explainer).
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b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/explainers/linear.py#L177-L215
train
slundberg/shap
shap/benchmark/models.py
independentlinear60__ffnn
def independentlinear60__ffnn(): """ 4-Layer Neural Network """ from keras.models import Sequential from keras.layers import Dense model = Sequential() model.add(Dense(32, activation='relu', input_dim=60)) model.add(Dense(20, activation='relu')) model.add(Dense(20, activation='relu')) model.add(Dense(1)) model.compile(optimizer='adam', loss='mean_squared_error', metrics=['mean_squared_error']) return KerasWrap(model, 30, flatten_output=True)
python
def independentlinear60__ffnn(): """ 4-Layer Neural Network """ from keras.models import Sequential from keras.layers import Dense model = Sequential() model.add(Dense(32, activation='relu', input_dim=60)) model.add(Dense(20, activation='relu')) model.add(Dense(20, activation='relu')) model.add(Dense(1)) model.compile(optimizer='adam', loss='mean_squared_error', metrics=['mean_squared_error']) return KerasWrap(model, 30, flatten_output=True)
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4-Layer Neural Network
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b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f
https://github.com/slundberg/shap/blob/b280cb81d498b9d98565cad8dd16fc88ae52649f/shap/benchmark/models.py#L114-L130
train