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72755738	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darnell%20Lamont%20Walker	Darnell Lamont Walker	Darnell Lamont Walker (born February 17, 1982) is an American writer, director, and producer. He directed and produced social impact documentaries, including Seeking Asylum, Outside the House, and Set Yourself on Fire, which have screened at various film festivals. He has written for children's television shows Karma's World, Face's Music Party, and Blue's Clues & You!. He was part of the Karma's World writing team that received an Emmy nomination for Outstanding Writing for an Animated Program at the 1st Children's and Family Emmy Awards. Early life and education Walker was born and raised in Charlottesville, Virginia. He attended Charlottesville High School He credits his theater teacher Terésa Dowell-Vest, for his love of theater and performance, and his strength in writing. Walker attended Bethune–Cookman University. He first majored in Mass Communications, then switched to Speech Communication. In an interview, Walker said that he was inspired to attend an HBCU and likened his experience to that of the television spinoff A Different World. He is a member of the Kappa Alpha Psi fraternity. He got his Bachelor of Arts in 2005, and a Master of Science in 2007. He went to Howard University where he got his PhD in Communication and Culture in 2011. Career	2.140625
72756175	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chelidon%20%28mythology%29	Chelidon (mythology)	In Greek mythology, Chelidon () is a minor figure, a noblewoman from either the city of Miletus or Colophon in an Anatolian variant of the story of Philomela, though she might have had an independent origin in Attica. Family According to Antoninus Liberalis, Chelidon was the daughter of Pandareus by his (unnamed) wife and sister to Aëdon and an unnamed brother. Eustathius of Thessalonica wrote that the name of Pandareus's wife was Harmothoë, although he does not list Chelidon among their daughters (Aëdon, Cleothera and Merope) and mentions no brother. According to Pausanias, the two other sisters were called Cameiro and Clytia. Both Hesiod and Sappho wrote that the swallow (Chelidon) is the daughter of the Athenian king Pandion I, the father of Philomela. Mythology After her sister Aëdon won a bet against her husband Polytechnus, Polytechnus was forced to find his wife a female slave as promised. He went to his wife's father Pandareus, claiming that Aëdon wanted to see her sister. Chelidon thus left with Polytechnus to visit Aëdon, but on the way there he forced himself on the maiden while she cried and prayed to Artemis for help. He then cut her hair short, dressed her up as a slave, and terrorized her against telling anyone what had happened. He then gave her to Aëdon as a slave. Aëdon did not suspect anything and for a time Chelidon suffered in silence, until one day she overheard Chelidon lamenting her cruel fate.	2.515625
72756392	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS%20Paderewski	SS Paderewski	SS Paderewski, was a Polish general cargo ship of World War II period, built in 1920 in the USA, but not completed before 1941. She was sold to Gdynia America Line (GAL), and named in honour of the pianist and politician Ignacy Jan Paderewski. She was sunk on 30 December 1942 by the German submarine U-214 near Trinidad, with a loss of three lives. During early World War II, Polish Merchant Navy, operating from the United Kingdom and subordinated to Polish government-in-exile, had difficulties with acquiring new ships to replace lost vessels, due to British restrictions and great demand of ships. The first newly-acquired ship was the Paderewski, built in the USA. The ship's hull was built and launched in 1920 by International Shipbuilding Co in Pascagoula, Mississippi. She was ordered for Italy as Trieste, along with sisterships Trento and Torino, but all three had not been completed and were laid up on the Mobile River near Mobile, Alabama. In the meantime her owner became Panama-registered Greek company Victor Rose de Vapores. The hull was in good condition, and its completion was deemed justified. On 9 April 1941 the hull was bought by Gdynia America Line for 300,000 USD. She was completed by Waterman Steamship Corporation in Mobile, using triple expansion steam engine bought from Canada and used oil-burning boilers. Total cost rose to 1,085,785 USD, with most of the money coming from selling gold reserves of Polish government in the USA. Due to high cost, the ship's acquiring became a subject of investigation by Polish Supreme Audit Office, but ship prices were even higher at that time, and finally the Paderewski brought some 45,000 pound sterling of profit, including insurance.	2.046875
72756537	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques%20Parisot	Jacques Parisot	Early career Jacques Parisot was born on 15 June 1882 in Nancy, France to a family of a doctor. His grandfather, Victor Parisot, held the chair of the internal clinic; his great-uncle, Léon Parisot, holder of the chair of anatomy and physiology; his father, Pierre Parisot, renowned forensic doctor; his uncle, Albert Heydenreich, surgeon and dean of the Faculty of medicine. Parisot followed in their footstep as he won the Physiology Prize in 1902, Medicine Prize in 1903, and the Boarding School Prize and Bénit Prize in 1906. In 1906, he was appointed head of the clinic; in 1907, he defended his thesis, Blood pressure and glands with internal secretion, for which he received the thesis prize of the faculty and the Bourceret prize of the National Academy of Medicine. Parisot married Marcelle Michaut in 1907, whose family was part of the Baccarat crystals. He obtained the aggregation of general medicine in 1913, when he had many publications to his credit, especially in the field of endocrinology, which was still underdeveloped. The same year, he took charge of the tuberculosis of the Villemin Hospital in Nancy. More accustomed to laboratory work, Parisot Parisot became aware of the social background of diseases.	2.296875
72756705	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel%20Gyekye%20Tanoh	Emmanuel Gyekye Tanoh	Emmanuel Kwesi Gyekye Tanoh (born 30 August 1925) was a Ghanaian educationist, lawyer and politician. He was an Attorney General of Ghana, Minister for Health and Minister for Chieftaincy. Early life and education Tanoh was born on 30 August 1925 at Agona Nsaba in the Central Region of Ghana. He had his early education at the Presbyterian Primary School at Agona Nsaba from 1931 to 1933 and at the Presbyterian Primary School at Agona Nyakrom from 1934 to 1936. From there, he proceeded to the Methodist Senior School at Agona Nyakrom in 1936. Tanoh had his secondary education at Mfantsipim School, where he studied from 1939 to 1944. In 1945, he enrolled at Achimota College for a two-year programme. In 1948, he was admitted to the University of St. Andrews for his undergraduate studies, graduating in 1951. He then continued at the University of London for his postgraduate teacher's certificate, which he was awarded in 1953. He began his legal studies in 1955 and was called to the English Bar in 1958. Career Following his postgraduate studies at the University of London, he returned to Ghana in 1953 to join the teaching staff of Mfantsipim School and later the Takoradi Government Secondary School, while doubling as an education officer for the Ministry of Education from 1953 to 1955. After his legal studies, Tanoh worked as a lawyer from 1955 until his appointment as the Central Regional Minister in 1983. He served in that capacity until 1984 when he was appointed Secretary of Health. In 1986, he was appointed Secretary for Chieftaincy, and he served in that capacity until 1988, when he was appointed Attorney General and Minister for Justice. He worked in this capacity until 1993, when he was succeeded by Anthony Forson. Personal life Tanoh was married to Alvira Ewurabena Amoonua Tanoh. Together, they had four children, including politician Goozie Tanoh. His hobbies included reading.	2.21875
72757017	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barrie%20Linklater	Barrie Linklater	Barrie Reith Linklater (11 June 1931 – 24 March 2017) was a British illustrator and painter, latterly specialising in equine subjects. Linklater was born in Birmingham, then in Warwickshire, England, on 11 June 1931. He was educated at Woolwich Polytechnic School of Art. He first worked as an illustrator in London, then in 1957 moved to Australia for four years where he worked as a freelancer. He worked for publications including Look and Learn. In 1975 he was commissioned by the Welsh Guards to paint a portrait of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, depicted in his uniform as their Colonel, and holding his horse. This led to a commission from Philip to paint the Queen's favorite horses and ponies, as his gift to her, for her silver jubilee. For her golden jubilee, the Honourable Artillery Company commissioned a painting depicting her arrival at St Paul's Cathedral for the service of thanksgiving, in the Gold State Coach. His 1989 painting of the racehorse Desert Orchid was auctioned by Bonhams in July 2007. The Ascot Authority commissioned him to paint Frankie Dettori riding all seven winners in one day there, in September 1996. Linklater exhibited at London's Guildhall and at the Royal Society of Portrait Painters. He had solo exhibitions at Spinks and at the Waterhouse Gallery. He was a member of the Society of Equestrian Artists. He died in March 2017. The British Royal Collection holds some of his works.	2.171875
72757061	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis%20de%20B%C3%A9renger	Louis de Bérenger	Fifth civil war Disillusionment with the crown had by this point reached many Catholic notables, among them members of the House of Montmorency. As such with civil war resumed in 1575 Damville joined the Protestants in rebellion. The king's brother Alençon saw advantage to himself in this war, and as such aligned himself as a potential figurehead for the rebel movement. With Alençon's return to court, Du Guast was tasked with detaching Alençon's favourites to bring them into the king's circle. Du Guast insinuated to the king, that if it was his will, he would kill his brother for him. The king would commission him to assassinate Bussy, one of Alençon's closest favourites who had started an affair with the king's sister. The affair had come to the king's attention through du Guast, who, rejected by the queen with his advances had told Henri of her affair. He and 12 other assassins lay in wait as Bussy departed from the Louvre one night and fell upon the young noble. However he failed in this attempted assault, and Bussy would evade the assassins, continuing his affair. Bussy vowed that he would have vengeance for the attempt, but for the moment this was left unsated. It was Du Guast who had the responsibility of preventing Alençon's potential flight from court, a task in which he failed when the prince slipped out of the capital in September 1575. Several hours before Alençon snuck out of his quarters, du Guast having been informed that an attempt might be made by the prince, told the king that he should secure his brother in the Bastille. In October the duke of Guise repelled the vanguard of a Protestant mercenary army that was attempting to enter France during the Battle of Dormans. The queen urged Henri to use the victory as a path to a favourable peace. Du Guast however countered that the king could not allow the duke to gain all the credit for victory, and that the king needed to provide a triumph of his own to boost his reputation.	2.5
72757228	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urosalpinx%20macra	Urosalpinx macra	Urosalpinx macra is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails. This is a nomen dubium (Buccinidae ?) Description (Original description) The shell is nearly regularly fusiform, consisting of seven whorls, separated by an impressed suture. The spire is somewhat elongated, regularly tapered, and forms one-half the length of the shell. The protoconch is mamilliform, consisting of about two regularly coiled, convex, rounded whorls, of which the first is nearly as large as the second. The lower whorls are crossed by about ten broad, strongly marked, nodulous ribs. The spiral sculpture consists of stout, rounded, rather elevated, revolving cinguli, which rise into oblong nodules or tubercles in crossing the ribs. Of these there are about eight on the body whorl, besides five or six on the siphon without nodules. On the penultimate whorl there are five or six primary cinguli, of which two or three around the periphery are considerably larger and farther apart than the others. One, below these, is coincident with the suture and makes it undulating. Between the primary cinguli there are three to five much smaller rounded cinguli, separated by thin, incised grooves. These cinguli are about equally prominent on the ribs and interspaces and do not form nodules. The surface is also covered with fine, close, raised lines of growth, except on the nodules, which are smooth at summit. The aperture is ovate, continued anteriorly in a rather long, narrow siphonal canal, and having a slight posterior notch or sinus at the suture. The outer lip is sharp and regularly arched. The inner lip is strongly excavated, its curvature posteriorly being greater than that of the outer lip. The columella is rather elongated, straight, with a somewhat sinuous inner margin. The siphonal canal is straight, somewhat elongated and constricted. The color of the shell is yellowish white, its interior grayish white. Distribution This marine species occurs off Cape Hatteras to Florida.	2.21875
72757595	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matilda%20Widegren	Matilda Widegren	Maria Matilda Aurora Widegren (1863–1938) was an enterprising Swedish educator who is now remembered above all for her efforts as a peace activist. A delegate for Sweden at the 1915 International Congress of Women held in The Hague, she helped to establish the resulting Swedish branch of the International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF), serving as president from 1919 to 1934. She was active in other peace organizations, becoming a board member of the Nordic Teachers Peace Association, chair of Swedish School Peace Union (Svenska skolornas fredsförbund) and a council member of the Nordic Association for International Cooperation on Peace (Nordiska föreningen mellanfolkligt samarbete för fred). Early life and education Born in Söderköping on 7 August 1863, Maria Matilda Aurora Widegren was the daughter of the school principal Per Mauritz August Widegren (1815–1899) and his wife Aurora Fredrika née Steinnordh (1828–1879). In 1879, after her mother's death, she moved with her father to Stockholm where she attended the normal school for girls. She went on to spend three years at the Royal Seminary (HLS) where she graduated in the mid-1880s. In 1893, she spent a further year taking special studies at the HLS. Career From 1904 until her retirement in 1923, Widegren's principal occupation was as a teacher at HLS. She contributed to a number of text books, including one on Swedish grammar in 1896 which was published until the mid-1900s. A trip to the United States in 1904 allowed her to return with many new ideas about teaching.	2.34375
72757770	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambodia%20House	Cambodia House	The situation deteriorated at the start of the school year 1972–1973, with the arrival of highly politicized students supporting Prince Sihanouk. On January 7, clashes broke out between the administration of the House, supporters of the new Cambodian regime of Lon Nol, and students who were supporters of the National United Front of Kampuchea. The police intervened in the evening and arrested 27 students. However, violent clashes continued throughout the night, and ended with the death of a 24-year-old Cambodian student. As a result of these events, the Cambodia House was closed for more than 30 years. In April 2001, a memorandum of understanding was signed between the Kingdom of Cambodia, the Chancellery of Universities of Paris and the Cité internationale for the restoration of the Cambodia House. The House reopened its doors in 2004 after major work.175 students were welcomed during the winter of 2004. Architecture The design of the Cambodia House was assigned to the French architect Alfred Audoul. The building has both the distinctive features of the neoclassical architecture of the 1950s while adopting many Khmer decorative elements. Its foundations are striated with horizontal stripes, and evoke the temples of Angkor and two granite monkey sculptures at the entrance to the House represent the Hindu god Hanumān.	2.40625
72758088	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Fourth%20Alarm%20%28short%20story%29	The Fourth Alarm (short story)	The narrator attends one of the performances of Ozymandias. During the show, he experiences a sharp nostalgia for a silent film era picture he had been obsessed with as a child, entitled The Fourth Alarm. The movie dramatizes the transition from the horse-drawn fire engines of the late 19th century to motorized fire trucks of the early 20th century. The now condemned teams of draft animals are gradually sold to factories where they are slaughtered. Only a single team of horses remains when a huge conflagration threatens to destroy the city. When the "fourth alarm" signals the mobilization of the equine team, they charge into action, and the courageous firefighters suppress the blaze single-handedly. The city mayor confers amnesty on the condemned horses. The narrator emerges from these reveries to see a stage performer "writing something obscene" on his wife's buttocks. When the audience is encouraged to disrobe and join the cast on stage, the narrator strips off his clothes. Anxious about leaving his cash-filled wallet, watch and car keys unattended, he carries them in his hands as he advances towards the stage. The actors, including his wife, spot the narrator, and begin to chant "Put down your lendings! Put down your lendings!" The narrator experiences a surge of memories conjuring up humiliations he endured in his lifetime. Despite this, he realizes that to throw off these personal artifacts would be to abandon his very "essence", and declines to do so. As he dons his clothing and departs the theater in a snowstorm, he reflects with satisfaction that his automobile has been recently equipped with a new set of snow tires. Critical assessment James E. O'Hara ranks "The Fourth Alarm" among the "more conventional" of Cheever's late short fiction. O'Hara writes: Theme	2.03125
72758579	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nina%20Hyde	Nina Hyde	Career Hyde joined Women's Wear Daily as a corset and brassiere editor, guided by the knowledge she had picked up in her role with Maidenform. She later worked for the Tobe Report. In 1961, she moved to Washington, D.C. with her husband and joined The Washington Daily News, where she was tasked with establishing the fashion page. She wrote the column "Hyde & Chic" for the paper, using her own funds to travel abroad to cover European fashion shows. When the newspaper closed in 1972, she joined The Washington Post. She was fashion editor at the newspaper until her death in 1990, when her position was filled by Cathy Horyn. While at the paper, she created a New Years Day list in 1978, which spawned an annual tradition. She encouraged Jennifer Brice to enter a modelling contest sponsored by Hecht's department store and introduced her to Oscar de la Renta and Stephen Burrows. Hyde also worked as a freelancer for National Geographic. Hyde was honored with the Eugenia Sheppard Award for fashion writing by the Council of Fashion Designers of America in 1989. The following year, she received the first lifetime achievement award granted by the Aldo Awards for coverage of the menswear industry, the Georgetown University Bicentennial Medal and named a Chevalier des Artes et Lettres by the French culture minister in Paris. She frequently gave lectures at Duke University, George Washington University, Georgetown University, Howard University and the Metropolitan Museum of Art. She was also a board member for Howard University Hospital and the D.C. Dance Company and founded what became the Duke Ellington School of the Arts. Fellow reporter Bernadine Morris said that Hyde "cover[ed] a fashion event as if it were a war."	2.171875
72758871	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pediocactus%20nigrispinus	Pediocactus nigrispinus	Pediocactus nigrispinus is a species in the cactus family with the common names snowball cactus, Columbia Plateau cactus, and basalt cactus. It is found in dry areas in Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. Description Pediocactus nigrispinus exhibits a diverse color range, varying from green to grayish-blue in its single stem but often as a cluster of stems. Initially spherical, the plant transforms into an egg-shaped configuration as it matures, densely spiny plant that forms an (often flattened) ovoid, reaching heights between 5 and 30 cm and diameters spanning 5 to 15 cm. Notably, this cactus is characterized by a dense arrangement of 6 to 12 central spines, measuring 15 to 35 mm in length and showcasing colors that range from brown to reddish, nearly black. These spines are robust and may either stand upright or possess a slight curve. The showy pink to magenta colored flowers appear in the spring and form a cluster near the apex of each stem. Full technical description at Flora of North America. Range and habitat The Columbia Plateau cactus grows in big sagebrush and lower montane dry habitats in eastern Washington and Oregon and extending into Idaho in dry regions, steppes and semi-deserts on hills or rocky outcrops at altitudes between 260 and 1200 meters. . It grows in scattered locations but is often locally abundant. Other plants in the habitat include Opuntia polyacantha and Opuntia fragilis. Taxonomy It was described in 1992 by Fritz Hochstätter, who named it after its black spines.	2.34375
72759076	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viola%20trinervata	Viola trinervata	Viola trinervata, the sagebrush violet, is a species of wildflower in the Violaceae family which is found in eastern Washington and Oregon. Description Sagebrush violet is a low growing perennial herb that produces a cluster of palmate leathery leaves with prominent veins. Each palmate leaf appears at the end of a hairless stem emerging from the ground, and each leaflet has three prominent veins (whence trinervata), one in the center and two of them at or close to each leaflet edge. The showy flowers form in the spring and arise singly from basal stems. The upper two flower petals are dark purple and the lower three petals are a paler lilac (sometimes white) with a yellow base, often with radiating darker purple lines. Full technical description at Flora of North America. Range and habitat The sagebrush violet grows in seasonally moist big sagebrush habitat and nearby rocky hillsides on the Columbia River plateau in Washington and Oregon states at elevations of 400 to 1200 meters. Though the range of the sagebrush violet is not extensive, it is often locally common. Ecology The sagebrush violet seeds have a fleshy elaiosome, suggesting that they are dispersed in part by ants. Gallery	2.6875
72759207	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welsh%20artefacts%20in%20museums%20outside%20Wales	Welsh artefacts in museums outside Wales	There have been calls in Welsh media to return some of the more significant artefacts which were discovered in Wales. These include artefacts from the British Museum, such as the Rhyd-y-gors shield, Moel Hebog shield and Welsh buckler shields. There are also calls to return the Mold Cape (currently housed in London), Llanllyfni lunula, the Trawsfynydd Tankard (in Liverpool), Red Book of Hergest (in Oxford) and the Red Lady of Paviland (in Oxford), Bardsey crown (in Liverpool), and Owain Glyndŵr's Pennal Letter (in Paris, France) to a museum in Wales. Historian John Davies noted that "Our treasures are vital to us as a nation and draw people together. They help people imagine the period, and shape how people feel about their area", but "sometimes the expertise is not here in Wales so we have to ask how to deal with that if the treasures come home". In 2011, it was stated by Linda Tomos, the Director of CyMAL: Museums Archives and Libraries Wales, in response to a query from the Celtic League on the Rhayader Treasure, that the calling for the return of artefacts was not part of the Welsh Government's strategy at the time. Following reports some artefacts were stolen from the British Museum in August 2023, Plaid Cymru MP Liz Saville Roberts and MS Heledd Fychan, repeated calls for repatriation from the British Museum. They stated that the museum's argument that it is the most secure location, no longer holds, and that the National Museum of Wales Cardiff is a more safe location for artefacts such as the Mold Gold Cape and the Rhos Rydd Shield. Amgueddfa Cymru – Museum Wales stated that repatriation issues should be treated separately from security concerns. The National Museum does not explicitly call for the return of artefacts, but stated they should be more accessible and appeciated by Welsh communities. Many artefacts were transferred to the British Museum before the establishment of Wales' national museum.	2.4375
72759435	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas%20Collin	Nicholas Collin	Nicholas Collin (August 2, 1746 – October 7, 1831) was a Swedish-born American Lutheran minister and inventor. Early life Nils Collin was born on August 2, 1746, in Uppland, Sweden. His parents were Lutheran minister Nils Collin and Maria Nordstedt. In 1769, Collin graduated from Uppsala University with a Master of Philosophy and was ordained as a priest in the Church of Sweden, like his father. Collin was subsequently sent by the church to minister to its congregants in Britain's North American colonies in the same year, arriving there in 1770. Collin began to minister at the Trinity Church in Swedesboro, New Jersey as a curate. Two years later in 1772, he began to also minister at St. George's Episcopal Church in Churchtown, New Jersey, having risen to the position of rector. American Revolution During the American Revolution, Collin attempted to remain neutral as he was a Swedish subject and did not wish to take sides. In the American Revolutionary War, he continued to minister to the remaining members of his congregation, following a Loyalist congregant to his execution at the hands of Patriots. Collin also attempted to prevent Hessian soldiers from burning down a schoolhouse in New Jersey. His neutrality led to Collin to be distrusted by both sides, and he was temporarily imprisoned by a group of Patriots who forced him to swear an oath of neutrality. He was subsequently arrested by Patriot militiamen who threatened him with summary execution on a false accusation before releasing him. Collin later wrote that "Everywhere, distrust, fear, hatred, and abominable selfishness" reigned. Later life and death	2.75
72759688	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane%20Dempsey%20Douglass	Jane Dempsey Douglass	Elizabeth Jane Dempsey Douglass (born 1933) is an American Presbyterian theologian and ecclesiastical historian. She was a professor at Claremont Graduate School before becoming the Hazel Thompson McCord Professor of Historical Theology at Princeton Theological Seminary. Douglass served as the President of the World Alliance of Reformed Churches from 1990 to 1997, making her the first woman to head a worldwide communion of churches. Early life and education Born in Wilmington, Delaware, United States, on March 22, 1933, Douglass is a graduate of Syracuse University (1954), Radcliffe College, and Harvard University. She received her Doctor of Philosophy degree from Harvard in 1963 following the submission of her thesis The Doctrine of Justification in the Preaching of John Geiler of Keiserberg. She was married to the economist Gordon K. Douglass until his death in 2017. Academic and ecclesiastical career Douglass was professor of church history at the Claremont School of Theology, where she was the first female faculty member, and professor of religion at Claremont Graduate School. She went on to serve as the Hazel Thompson McCord Professor of Historical Theology at Princeton Theological Seminary from 1985 until her retirement in 1998. In 1983, Douglass was the first female President of the American Society of Church History. In the same year, she delivered the Warfield Lectures at Princeton Theological Seminary in a series titled Christian Freedom in Calvin's Theology, which led to the publication of her book Women, Freedom, and Calvin in 1985.	2.046875
72759922	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ettore%20Uicich	Ettore Uicich	Ettore Uicich (16 July 1870 – 19 July 1915) was an Istrian Italian irredentist and war volunteer. Biography Ettore Vittorio Uicich was born in Pisino, Istria (then under Austrian rule), on 16 July 1870. A trader by profession, Uicich was an ardent irredentist already in his youth. He always strove for the "Italianness" of "his hometown and of all of Istria". In 1908, he founded the Italian cycling club Intrepido in his hometown of Pisino (now Pazin, Croatia). During World War I, in July 1914, he received a letter of drafting by Austria-Hungary. Uicich, however, had already left his family and was moving to Italy. Before leaving Pisino, he put his Italian flag into a box and dug it in an alley as a token of "faith and hope". It was dug up by his friends in October 1916, dug in a safer place, and dug up again and displayed on his house upon the entry of the Bersaglieri in Pisino in November 1918. His flag is now kept in the of Modena. In Italy, Uicich advocated for interventionism, and when Italy entered the war, despite his age of 45, he joined the Italian Army as a volunteer in Udine. He joined the infantry regiment Brigata "Re", holding the rank of Bersalier Lieutenant. He was killed in the Battle of Podgora. He was posthumously awarded the Silver Medal of Military Valor.	2.046875
72759993	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketing%20of%20Apple%20Inc.	Marketing of Apple Inc.	Apple's first logo, designed by co-founder Ron Wayne, depicts Sir Isaac Newton sitting under an apple tree. It was almost immediately replaced by Rob Janoff's "rainbow Apple", the now-familiar rainbow-colored silhouette of an apple with a bite taken out of it. Janoff presented Jobs with several different monochromatic themes for the "bitten" logo, and Jobs immediately took a liking to it. However, Jobs insisted that the logo be colorized to humanize the company. The logo was designed with a bite so that it would not be confused with a cherry. The colored stripes were conceived to make the logo more accessible, and to represent the Apple II's color graphics. This logo has been erroneously referred to as a tribute to Alan Turing, with the bite mark a reference to his method of suicide. Both Janoff and Apple deny any homage to Turing in the design of the logo. On August 27, 1999 (the year following the introduction of the iMac G3), Apple officially dropped the rainbow scheme and began to use monochromatic logos nearly identical in shape to the previous rainbow incarnation. An Aqua-themed version of the monochrome logo was used from 1998 until 2003, and a glass-themed version was used from 2007 until 2013. Brand loyalty Apple customers gained a reputation for devotion and loyalty early in the company's history. In 1984, BYTE stated that:	2.1875
72760269	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buchwaldoboletus%20acaulis	Buchwaldoboletus acaulis	Buchwaldoboletus acaulis is a species of bolete fungus in the family Boletaceae native to Lesser Antilles and Martinique. Found on wood in xero-mesophytic forests, it has a convex bright yellow cap, sulfur-yellow pores and stipe, and a brown spore print. Its edibility is unknown. Taxonomy and naming Originally described by David Pegler in 1983 as Pulveroboletus acaulis, it was given its current name by Ernst Both and Beatriz Ortiz-Santana in A preliminary survey of the genus Buchwaldoboletus, published in "Bulletin of the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences" in 2011. Description The cap is bright yellow, convex, and measures in diameter. The flesh may stain blue where it has been cut or bruised. The pores are small, and the pore surface is sulphur-yellow to pinkish-brown in maturity, staining bluish with injury. The stipe is rudimentary, lateral to very excentric, same color as the cap. There is a yellow mycelium at the stipe base. The mushroom produces a brown spore print. Spores measure 5.5–8 ×2.5–3.5 μm.	2.265625
72760273	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake%20Itasy	Lake Itasy	Lake Itasy also known as Itasianaka is a lake in central Madagascar. It is located in Itasy Region. It is situated in the municipalities of Ampefy, Soavinandriana, Manazary and Analavory. Lake Itasy has an area of 3,500 hectares. It is the fourth largest lake on Madagascar, after lakes Alaotra, Kinkony, and Ihotry. The lake has an average depth of 4 meters, and reaches up to 10 meters deep. The water level varies seasonally. There are marshy areas in the southern and eastern parts of the lake. Lake Itasy lies in the volcanic Itasy Massif. The volcanic activity in the region is relatively recent, and lake was formed when lava flows blocked a river, forming a lake behind it. The landscape around the lake is covered with Strombolian scoria cones and trachyte domes. The volcanic landscape around the lake has many smaller lakes (maars) and peat bogs. The Andranomena and Mariandrano rivers empty into the lake from the east. The Lily River is the lake's outflow, draining westwards from the northwestern corner of the lake. The Lily is a tributary of the Sakay River, which is a tributary of the Tsiribihina River. The Tsiribihina flows westwards to empty into the Mozambique Channel. Flora and fauna There are reedbeds along the edges of the lake, composed mostly of species of the reed Phragmites and the sedge Cyperus, which grow up to two meters high. There are also floating mats of the non-native water-hyacinth Eichhornia. 44 species of birds have been observed at the lake, including ten Madagascar endemic species. Native birds include Meller's duck (Anas melleri), Madagascar grebe (Tachybaptus pelzelnii), Madagascar flufftail (Sarothrura insularis), Madagascar pond heron (Ardeola idae), Madagascar snipe (Gallinago macrodactyla), and Madagascar marsh harrier (Circus macrosceles). The lake is designated an Important Bird Area.	2.609375
72760742	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joanna%20E.%20Schanz	Joanna E. Schanz	Career Schanz became interested in Amana folk art after being gifted a broom that was meant to be long-lasting. The broom was made by a blind man named Phillip Graesser, who was one of the few remaining Amana broom makers. After Graesser retired, Schanz and her husband received his broom making machine and they started a shop named Broom and Basket in West Amana. They hired retired workers to create brooms using the machine, resulting in the Amana craft of broom making being revived. In the 1970s, Schanz asked the last Amana basket weaver Philip Dickel how to weave willow baskets. Dickel showed Schanz how to make baskets in 1977. Dickel later began working at Amana Woolen Mill in its carding department and at Amana Corporation as a night watchman. He died in 1981, and Schanz always mentions Dickel's help with her reviving Amana basket making. Schanz taught others how to weave baskets at her store and at national conventions. She weaves baskets with willow that she grew herself or had imported from England and Belgium. She has also woven baskets with dogwood, lilac, honeysuckle, mock orange, and mulberry. Her baskets last a long time due to the bottom rims that can be removed for replacements. Her store closed in 2020. Schanz has taught others how to weave baskets as part of the Amana Arts Guild. She wrote Willow Basketry of the Amana Colonies in 1986, in honor of Dickel. In 2019, Schanz won the Lifetime Achievement Award from the National Basketry Organization for her basket weaving and working with the Philip Dickel Basket Museum. One of her willow baskets is held at the Smithsonian American Art Museum, but it is not on public display.	2.8125
72760893	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chengalath%20Cheriya%20Kunhirama%20Menon	Chengalath Cheriya Kunhirama Menon	Chengalath Cheriya Kunhirama Menon (1882–1939), also known by his nom de plume M. R. K. C., was a Malayalam–language author and journalist from Kerala, India. He was associated with prominent newspapers and periodicals such as Kerala Pathrika and Mangalodayam. Some of his famous books include Velluva Kammaran Allenkil Sardar Sheikh Ayaz Khan and M. R. K. C. yude Cherukathakal. M. R. K. C. along with Moorkoth Kumaran, Vengayil Kunhiraman Nayanar, Oduvil Kunhikrishna Menon, C. S. Gopala Panicker and Ambadi Narayana Poduval are regarded as the pioneers of the short story in Malayalam literature. Early life Chengalath Kunhirama Menon was born in 1882 in Valapattanam near Cannanore in Malabar. His mother was Chengalath Narayani Amma. Kunhirama got his family name, Chengalath, through matrilineal succession. His maternal uncle, is Chengalath Kunhirama Menon who founded one of the earliest Malayalam newspapers Kerala Pathrika in 1885. He was called Cheriya Kunhirama Menon to distinguish him from his uncle who was referred to as Valiya Kunhirama Menon, the equivalent of junior and senior generational titles in Malayalam. Menon assumed the nom de plume M. R. K. C., a combination of all four initials of his name written in English (Cheriya-Kunhi-Rama-Menon, C. K. R. M.) and reversed. Menon received his primary education from the Ezhuthupalli run by Kunhikannan Gurukkal at Puzhathi near his home. After passing 4th class, he studied Sanskrit for two years. At the age of 12, he started studying English at Cannanore Municipal School. In 1899 he passed the Upper Secondary Examination from Madras and joined as a clerk in Malabar Birth Registration Office in 1900. Then he worked in Revenue Department in Calicut for four years. During this time he learned shorthand, typewriting, bookkeeping, commercial correspondence, and land surveying. By that time he had also acquired the necessary skills to write articles in English and Malayalam.	1.960938
72760893	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chengalath%20Cheriya%20Kunhirama%20Menon	Chengalath Cheriya Kunhirama Menon	Writing Menon was a major writer during the early stages of short stories in Malayalam literature. His first published book was a collection of essays titled Malayalathile Janmikal. This included the essays on estate administration which he published in Kottakkal-based magazines Janmi and Lakshmivilasam. He wrote the book George Pattabhishekam at the behest of the then Malabar Collector C. A. Innes. The theme for this book was the 1911 Coronation of Emperor George in Delhi. Raghuvamsacharitram is a prose translation of the first six cantos of Raghuvamsa. Velluva Kammaran is a historical story and the translation of a story originally written by M. Othenamenon in English. This is perhaps one of Menon's most noted works. Appan Thampuran's play Munnattuveeran was based on this story. Menon wrote several stories based on historical characters. Stories like Edachena Kunkante Parakramam, Machattumalayile Bhootham and Tiruvalayam are popular. Menon was better known for his historical stories than his social stories. He published a number of short stories in magazines such as Mangalodayam. Many of them are compiled and published in two volumes of short stories. His works also include Kambaramayana and Bhargavaraman. He also wrote a biography of the Maharajah of Cochin Rama Varma XV (Sir Rama Varma: Vazhchayozhinja Kochi Rajavu or Sir Ramavarma: The Abdicated Highness). M. R. K. C.'s stories are similar in style to that of his contemporary Oduvil Kunhikrishna Menon but M. R. K. C. based his stories on history rather than on contemporary society. Though the background is history, the characters and events were mostly imaginary and the author was not concerned about the historical accuracy of the narrative. Bibliography	2.53125
72761081	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrtodactylus%20aravindi	Cyrtodactylus aravindi	Cyrtodactylus aravindi is a species of gecko endemic to the Western Ghats of India. It has been given the common name Aravind’s ground gecko. Etymology Cyrtodactylus aravindi is named after Dr N. A. Aravind, Senior Fellow at ATREE, Bengaluru, India for his support towards herpetological research. Distribution Cyrtodactylus aravindi is currently only known from two locations 20 kilometres from each other in straight-line distance in the Agasthaymalai hill range in the southern Western Ghats of India. Ecology Cyrtodactylus aravindi occurs in lower density in open scrub habitat but prefers areas with high grass, shrub and tree cover with open edges.The type locality of C. aravindi is within the rain shadow region with very high winds on the eastern slopes of the Western Ghats close to the Aralvaimozhi pass. C. aravindi is a nocturnal species and the type series of the species was collected from the ground at night between 19:30–22.00 hrs. The type specimens were collected from a small area in the type locality, an isolated southern tropical dry evergreen scrub forest patch, the woody trees Tamarindus indica, Ficus religiosa and other shrubs with some history of agriculture about two decades ago. C.aravindi appears to be an uncommon species. Specimens were collected from bottom of shrubs, leaf litter covered by banyan trees, mud paths covered by vegetation consisting of bushes and grasses, hilly terrain mainly composed of rubber plantations intermixed with coffee and coconut plantations.	2.453125
72761193	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ned%20Neely	Ned Neely	Edgar Adams Neely III (January 14, 1940 – August 13, 1999) was an American professional tennis player. A native of Atlanta, Neely was the eldest son of attorney Edgar Neely Jr. He was the national under-15s boys' singles champion in 1955 and a two-time All-American collegiate player for Georgia Tech. One of his brothers, Mike, was also a good junior player, winning an Orange Bowl title in 1957. Neely, ranked as high as 11th nationally, made the singles third round of the 1963 U.S. National Championships and competed in multiple editions of the Wimbledon Championships. He is an inductee in the Georgia Tech Hall of Fame, Georgia Tennis Hall of Fame and Southern Tennis Hall of Fame. An attorney by profession, Neely received an engineering degree from Georgia Tech and went on to study law at the University of Virginia. He practiced law in Atlanta. Neely, who was an experienced pilot, died in 1999 when a Beechcraft twin-engine plane he was piloting crashed near Wakulla County Airport, Florida. His 14-year-old daughter, the plane's only other occupant, survived the accident.	1.90625
72761277	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apalachicola%20%28tribal%20town%29	Apalachicola (tribal town)	In 1679, Florida governor Pablo de Hita y Salazar ordered missionaries to convert the "pagans" of Apalachicola Province. Three days after the missionaries were welcomed in Apalachicola, men from Coweta and other towns arrived in Apalachicola and convinced the chief of Apalachicola to expel the missionaries, apparently by threatening to have Westos attack the missionaries. Coweta temporarily dominated Apalachicola in this event, but the Spanish had not yet recognized the chief of Coweta as a "grand cacique". Missionaries accompanied by soldiers returned to Apalachicola in 1681. The killing of Christian Apalachees by Apalachicolas led to more soldiers being sent to Apalachicola, which in turn led to another expulsion from the province. Governor Juan Márquez Cabrera offered to pardon the murderers if the Apalachicola Province chiefs went to St. Augustine to "render obeisance" to the king. The chiefs of Apalachicola and four other towns did so. Those four towns were under the leadership of Apalachicola, but the chief of Apalachicola claimed to have little control over the residents of those towns. The five chiefs indicated that the chief of Coweta was in charge of the whole province. Hahn notes that this is the first time Coweta was stated to be over the province, indicating such status was recent. Governor Cabrera was convinced by the claims, and invited the chief of Coweta to St. Augustine. The chief reached St. Augustine at the beginning of 1682. He claimed a position over all of Apalachicola Province, with nine, or later the same day, eleven towns under him. The chiefs of Apalachicola and Coweta traveled to St. Augustine in 1684 and 1685 to renew ties with the Spanish. In 1685, Antonio Matheos was sent to Apalachicola Province by the governor of Spanish Florida to confront the English traders from Caroline that were staying in the northern part of Apalachicola Province. The chiefs and people of most of the towns fled. "Old Pentocolo", chief of the town of Apalachicola, was the only chief who did not flee.	2.625
72761277	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apalachicola%20%28tribal%20town%29	Apalachicola (tribal town)	Later 18th century A map produced by William Bolan in 1756 placed Palacochola (Apalachicola) immediately south of Auheege Creek (called Hitchiti Creek at its juncture with the Chattahoochee River). Apalachicola was visited in 1772 by David Taitt, and in the late 1770s by William Bartram. Both visitors related that the town had moved in 1755 to its then location from a site about downriver. Taitt described the old site of Apalachicola as being on a point, while Bartram said it was "on a peninsula formed by a doubling of the river," with a mound adjacent to the site. Foster argues that Old Apalachicola was likely at archaeological site 1RU65, with sites 1RU27 and 1RU66 (the Patterson site) as less likely possibilities. Foster notes that Apalachicola was likely located at site 1RU16 in the 1770s and in 1796, when Benjamin Hawkins visited it. Hawkins found Apalachicola on the west bank of the Chattahoochee River below Auhegee Creek, and about 15 minutes below the town of Hitchiti. Pauchee Haujo of the town of Apalachicola signed the Treaty of Fort Jackson in 1814. Legacy The Apalachicola River is named after the province. The Spanish included what is now called the Chattahoochee River as part of one river, calling all of it from its origins in the southern Appalachian foothills down to the Gulf of Mexico the Apalachicola. Apalachicola Bay and the city of Apalachicola, Florida are named after the river.	2.78125
72761297	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C.%20S.%20Gopala%20Panicker	C. S. Gopala Panicker	C. S. Gopala Panicker (29 May 1872 – 30 January 1930) was a Malayalam-language short story writer from Kerala, India. Along with Vengayil Kunhiraman Nayanar, Oduvil Kunhikrishna Menon, Moorkoth Kumaran, Chenkulath Cheriya Kunhirama Menon (M. R. K. C.) and Ambadi Narayana Poduval, Panicker is regarded as a pioneer of the short story in Malayalam literature. Life Early life Panicker was born in 1872 as the son of Peringattuveettil Narayana Panicker and Lakshmi Amma in Chittur taluk which is part of the present-day state of Kerala in India. After passing the Middle School Examination from Chittur, he studied at Peruvemba High School near Chittur and passed his matriculation from Palghat Victoria High School. He completed his F.A. (Intermediate) from Calicut Zamorin's Guruvayurappan College (then known as Kerala Vidyashala) and Cochin. He completed a Bachelor of Science degree in Zoology from Madras Presidency College in 1896. Career Three months after passing his B.A. degree, Panicker entered the Cochin government service as a clerk in the Land Revenue Department in Ernakulam. In 1897, he became Acting Head Clerk, and in 1898 he became the Acting Shirastadar. With the permission of the government, he also worked as a manager for Edapally royal family for some time. He was gradually appointed as Tehsildar in 1912 and as Stamp Superintendent in 1913. He also served as the Panchayat Registrar. He was the manager of Cochin Thirumala Devaswom for about six years. He retired from government services in 1929. He then briefly worked as the Managing Agent for Nilambur royal family.	1.984375
72761625	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambadi%20Narayana%20Poduval	Ambadi Narayana Poduval	Ambadi Narayana Poduval (1871–1936) was a Malayalam-language short story writer from Kerala, India. Along with Vengayil Kunhiraman Nayanar, Oduvil Kunhikrishna Menon, Moorkoth Kumaran, Chenkulath Cheriya Kunhirama Menon (M. R. K. C.) and C. S. Gopala Panicker, Poduval is regarded as a pioneer of the short story in Malayalam literature. Life Poduval was born in 1871 in Trichur. His father Seshayar was a lawyer. Parvathi Poduvalsyar was his mother. Kunhikrishna Poduval, a poet at that time, was his relative. He joined Trichur Hindu High School and passed the matriculation exam. Later, he entered the government service while still an intermediate student in Cochin. After a long period of government service, he retired while serving as Sub-Registrar in 1926. He died on 15 July 1936 at Peringavu near Trichur. Writing Poduval started his literary life as a poet. His first poem Kavimrigavali was published in Vidyavinodini. Poduval soon started writing stories, which was still budding as a genre in Malayalam literature. In an essay written in 1935, Poduval stated that he desired to become a good short story writer long back and he is still eager to achieve that dream. Poduval collected his short stories and published them in three volumes under the name Kathasaudham. Apart from that, his books include a play called Mochanam and a novel called Keralaputran. The novel Keralaputran is set during the reign of the Perumals and tells the story of the Chera prince Imayakumaran and Chola princess Pulomaja, the daughter of Karikala. The play Mochanam is set in the backdrops of the 18th century Zamorin rule in Trichur and its narrative style is inspired by Walter Scott's The Bride of Lammermoor.	1.953125
72761742	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrotome%20inflata	Acrotome inflata	Acrotome inflata (horsefright or tumbleweed) is a species of flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae. This species is native to Africa. Acrotome inflata was first described in 1848 by George Bentham. The name "horsefright" is derived from the Afrikaans "perdeskrikbossie" (horse-fright bush). Characteristics Acrotome inflata is an erect annual herb that grows up to 1 metre tall. Its stems are densely covered in appressed hairs. The arrangement of its leaves are opposite and are either sessile or shorty petiolate. The leaves range from being ovate, to being oblong-lanceolate and usually grow from 3–12 cm long (but are mostly wider on the lower part of the stem). Its leaves very hairy on both sides and its margins are rarely crenate-dentate. Its flowers are grouped in dense rows in inflorescences that come in verticils, it has many bracteoles, are filiforms that grow up to 1 centimetre long, are densely-hairy and are spine-tipped.' Its corolla come in colors varying from white to pale mauve. Habitat Acrotome inflata usually thrives in dry tropical biomes, usually depending on the season.	2.53125
72762839	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oren%20Bar-Gill	Oren Bar-Gill	Oren Bar-Gill (born 1975) is an Israeli-American lawyer, economist, and academic. He is William J. Friedman and Alicia Townsend Friedman Professor of Law and Economics at Harvard Law School, and a Sackler Fellow at Tel Aviv University. He is most known for his research in contract law (especially consumer contracts), law and economics, and behavioral law and economics. Bar-Gill is the author of a book entitled, Seduction by Contract: Law, Economics, and Psychology in Consumer Markets, and has published over 60 academic articles. His research spans the field of consumer economics, with particular emphasis on the relationships between consumers and commercial entities, and consumer psychology, and it derives legal policy implications aimed at helping consumers. Since 2005, he has been serving as Council Member for Gerson Lehrman Group. He is the Editor-in-Chief of Journal of Legal Analysis, Associate Editor of Behavioral Science & Policy, and is associated with the advisory boards of Singapore Journal of Legal Studies, U.S. Financial Diaries, and Berlin Center for Consumer Policies, He serves (together with Omri Ben-Shahar and Florencia Marotta-Wurgler) as Reporter for the Restatement of the Law, Consumer Contracts. Early life and education Bar-Gill was born in 1975 in Israel to parents Aharon and Nechama. Being raised in Israel, he completed his high school studies at Ort Kiryat Bialik in 1992. He graduated from Tel-Aviv University with a B.A. degree in economics in 1995. He then earned an LL.B., as well as an M.A. degree in Law and Economics from Tel-Aviv University in 1996. He has two doctorate degrees, in economics and in law. Prior to receiving a Ph.D. degree in economics at Tel-Aviv University in 2002, he enrolled at Harvard Law School and earned an LL.M. degree in 2001. Later on, he completed his S.J.D. (Doctorate in Law) from Harvard Law School, with a dissertation titled "Essays in Law and Economics."	1.929688
72763432	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Purakkad	Battle of Purakkad	The first Battle of Purakkad was fought in 1746 between the Indian Kingdom of Travancore and combined forces of the feudal state Odanad. Background With the defeat of the Kulachal battle in 1741, the Dutch captured Vamanapuram with the help of the King of Kollam. Following this, the Travancore army led by Ramayan Dalava besieged the Kollam fort of the Dutch. But the Odanad (Kayamkulam) army helped the Dutch army for the defense of this fort. The Kayamkulam army was led by Achyutawaryar who was the minister of the King of Kayamkulam. Following this, the Travancore army retreated. In 1742, the combined forces of the Dutch and Kayamkulam captured Kilimanoor. For this reason Marthandavarma brought cavalry from Tirunelveli and led the army towards Kilimanoor and captured Kilimanoor. Then Marthandavarma's army moved towards Kayamkulam. The King of Kayamkulam resisted at first but finally begged for peace. Following this, Marthanda Varma and King of Kayamkulam signed the Treaty of Mannar. But the King of Kayamkulam later violated the terms of this truce. This led to the Travancore army conquering the Kayamkulam in 1746. This battle came to be known as the Battle of Purakkad. Marthandavarma captured the small feudal state Odanad and annexed it to Travancore for helping Kayamkulam in the war with Travancore. Present Ambalapuzha and Kuttanad taluks were included in this.	2.578125
72763485	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel%20Nkata	Daniel Nkata	Nkata begun his refereeing in the 1950s, and he was a member of the Uganda Football Referees Association (UFRA). Nkata got promoted to Grade 1 Referee in December 1951. Nkata received sports administration and coaching scholarship together with the late Polycarp Kakooza, from the British colonial sports administrators to study in London at Lilleshall National Sports Centre in Bisham Abbey United Kingdom. He also went for a FIFA Referees/Instructors course at Ecole Internationale de Sports in Macolin in Switzerland and from where he received his FIFA referee badge in 1960 upon completion and that made him the first Black African south of the Sahara to get the FIFA referee badge. Nkata officiated between Uganda vs Ethiopia at the Olympic qualifier match at Nakivubo Stadium on 1959-12-13. He was the central referee at the final match of Uganda vs Ghana, a match that Ghana won. Other matches he officiated included; the 1961 Africa Cup of Nations Qualifiers match of Madagascar vs. Ethiopia in Antananarivo, Madagascar, 1960 Olympic Qualifiers match between Sudan and Ethiopia on both 1959-11-23 in Khartoum and also on the 1959-12-20 in Addis Ababa. Nkata trained, mentored and coached other football referees who included Edward Bukenya and Kizito Mubanda before he retired his football activities in 1966 to become a writer and archivist for Uganda football history in the 1980s. He wrote two columns titled "Flashback" and "Stars of the Past" for the defunct soccer world magazine Nkata profiled many people in his "Stars of the Past" column which include; Edward Muteesa, Samson Kisekka, George Kamba, Jimmy Sewava, Naphtali Musoke, Stephen Ibale, "Jogo" Adema, Ernest Lugolobi, Kefa Kiwanuka, Sam Baker Kasigwa and Manasseh Owiny.	2.03125
72764030	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Styphelia%20leptantha	Styphelia leptantha	Styphelia leptantha is a species of flowering plant in the heath family Ericaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is an erect, bushy shrub that typically grows to a height of about . Its leaves are erect, oblong or egg-shaped and long with a small, hard point on the tip. The flowers are arranged singly or in pairs in leaf axils with small bracts and bracteoles less than half as long as the sepals. The sepals are about long, the petals joined at the base to form a tube about long with lobes about long. The species was first formally described in 1868 by George Bentham in Flora Australiensis who gave it the name Leucopogon leptanthus from specimens collected by James Drummond between the Moore and Murchison Rivers. In 1882, Ferdinand von Mueller transferred the species to the genus Styphelia as S. leptantha in his Systematic Census of Australian Plants. The specific epithet (leptantha) means "slender-flowered". Styphelia leptantha occurs in the Geraldton Sandplains and Swan Coastal Plain bioregions of south-western Western Australia and is listed as "not threatened" by the Government of Western Australia Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.	2.359375
72764539	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal%20Carmarthen%20Militia	Royal Carmarthen Militia	Napoleonic Wars However, the Peace of Amiens was short-lived and the Carmarthen militia were re-embodied in March 1803 before marching off to Hampshire to do duty at Winchester. In July it was part of a militia brigade in camp at Stokes Bay, Gosport, where it was joined by a draft of supplementary militiamen from Carmarthen to increase its strength. The duties included boat and hospital guards round Gosport and Haslar, guarding prisoners-of-war, and manning Fort Blockhouse. In August the regiment moved across Portsmouth Harbour to the Portsmouth side, where it camped on Southsea Common, with detachments in Fort Cumberland and guarding prisoners-of-war at Portchester Castle. It then moved into winter quarters in Hilsea Barracks, providing sentries for Portsmouth town and the naval dockyard and arsenal, as well as manning Southsea Fort. Since 1799 the regiment had been unofficially calling itself the 'Royal Carmarthen', but on 23 April 1804 it along with 11 other Welsh militia regiments was officially granted the 'Royal' prefix, becoming the Royal Carmarthen Fuzileers (Fusiliers). In May 1804 the regiment returned to duties in Pembrokeshire, with its HQ at Haverfordwest. At this period it parade with a small train of artillery (probably a pair of 'battalion guns'). In mid-June it marched to Exeter, and then to Bristol, where it provided guards for Stapleton prison. During the summer of 1805, when Napoleon was massing his 'Army of England' at Boulogne for a projected invasion, the Royal Carmarthens, with 508 men in eight companies under Lt-Col William Owen Brigstocke, were still stationed at Bristol as part of a brigade under Maj-Gen Josiah Champagné.	2.453125
72764871	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmed%20Rajabli	Ahmed Rajabli	Ahmed Rajabli (; 28 September 1898 – 15 December 1963) was an Azerbaijani and Soviet agronomist, geneticist, pedagogue, professor, Republic student and member of the VASKhNIL. He devoted his life to the study of fruit and cereal crops available in Azerbaijan. Biography Early years and education: 1898–1923 Ahmed Rajabli was born on 28 September 1898 to Mashadi Jabbar Mashadi Jafar oghlu and Kubra khanim Haji Khalil gizi. On 15 September 1907, he entered the Classical Russian Gymnasium in Erevan and graduated from the eight-year course with a silver medal. In 1918, Rajabli became proofreader of a new newspaper, the Azərbaycan füqərası (Azerbaijani poor). The establishment of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic turned out to be an important part of his education path. Soon after, the State Scholarship Programme commenced in 1919 and was funded by the Parliament of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic. The stated objective of the scheme was to build a network of local scientists studied in Europe, who would serve four years in Azerbaijan after graduation. Rajabli was one of the award-winning candidates. He had learned Russian, Italian, German, Spanish, Greek and Persian. He arrived in Perugia, Italy matriculating in the Higher Royal Institute of Experimental Agriculture founded in 1896. Forty years later in 1936, the institute was transformed into the Faculty of Agriculture under University of Perugia. Zagatala: 1924–1930 In 1923, after graduation Ahmed Rajabli returned to Baku and got an offer from the land commissariat. However, at his own request, the biologist was sent to Zagatala, where he found favorable conditions for natural selection activities, and started working as an agronomist there. A year later Rajabli founded the Zagatala Technical School of Agriculture and headed the educational institution until 1937, at the same time working as a consultant at the Zagatala Hazelnut Refinery.	2.421875
75574177	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93PKK%20conflict	Israel–PKK conflict	The Israel–PKK conflict refers to the clashes between Israel and the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) during the 1980s, as well as the remarks they made about each other in the previous years and the years after the clashes. Throughout its existence, the PKK maintained its Anti-Zionist stance and an opposition to Israel, as part of Abdullah Öcalan's teachings. Background The PKK's ideology started off as a Marxism–Leninism with a blend of Kurdish nationalism. Marxist-Leninists have a long history of hostility towards Zionism. However, the PKK's ideology later shifted to Democratic confederalism, a left-wing, libertarian socialist, anti-capitalist, and internationalist ideology which also goes against Zionism. Democratic confederalism aims to replace ethnostates and capitalism with administrative councils elected by locals, allowing the people to have autonomous control over themself while linking themself to other communities via a network of confederal councils. Democratic confederalism also hopes to dissolve the United Nations. Abdullah Öcalan frequently stated his Anti-Zionist stance and also made negative statements towards the existence of Israel. Various leading members of the PKK, such as Mustafa Karasu, Duran Kalkan, Cemîl Bayik, and Besê Hozat, have also made negative statements towards Zionism and Israel.	2.203125
75574304	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayyankali%20Pada%20hostage%20protest	Ayyankali Pada hostage protest	The Ayyankali Pada hostage protest was an Adivasi rights protest carried out by Maoist group Ayyankali Pada on October 4, 1996. Four members of the group, Vilayodi Sivankutty, Kanhangad Rameshan, Kallara Babu and Ajayan Mannur, took the then Palakkad district collector, WR Reddy, hostage at the District Collectorate in Palakkad, Kerala. Background Ayyankali Pada was formed in 1992 as the youth wing of the new Kerala Communist Party after the dissolution of the Central Reorganisation Committee, Communist Party of India (CRCCPI). The group was named after revolutionary leader Ayyankali. The activists acted partly in response to an amendment that had passed a week earlier on September 23, 1996 to the Kerala Scheduled Tribes (Restriction on Transfer of Lands and Restoration of Alienated Lands) Act, 1975. The 1975 Act required the state to return alienated lands to Adivasis; however, since 1975 no land had been returned under invocation of the act. The amendment had legalized transfers of Adivasi land between 1960-1984, essentially nullifying the original act. Protest The activists held Reddy hostage for 9 hours, after which the negotiating parties reached an agreement of release and the activists revealed that their weapons were fake, although Reddy maintains that they were real. No serious injuries were reported during the protest. On the day of the protest, the activists demanded the following: The immediate repeal of the amendment made to the Kerala Scheduled Tribes (Restriction on Transfer of Lands and Restoration of Alienated Lands) Act, 1975. The public release of data relating to land that has been stolen from Adivasis in Kerala. The public release of personal details of those individuals and companies that have encroached on Adivasi land. A detailed report of the usage of state funds allocated for the benefit of Scheduled Tribes.	2.078125
75574716	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abby%20B.%20Hyde	Abby B. Hyde	In 1823, they removed to Bolton, Connecticut, where Rev. Hyde had charge of the Congregational Church. Here, the revivalist, Rev. Asahel Nettleton, just recovering from a severe attack of typhus, and was engaged in the preparation of the Village Hymns for Social Worship. Rev. Hyde read him two from a volume of Monthly Concert Hymns, selected by Dr. Leonard Bacon while a student at Andover Theological Seminary, "The trump of Israel's Jubilee", and "The Lord will not forget the grace". The stanzas had been selected from a poem written by Mrs. Hyde in 1821, "Address to Mr. Wolfe", and published in the Christian Intelligencer, New Haven, Connecticut, in 1822 or 1823, after a visit to Dr. and Mrs. Elias Cornelius at Salem, Massachusetts, who were full of enthusiasm respecting Dr. Joseph Wolff's labors in Palestine. Dr. Nettleton at once requested more from the same poet, and received quite a number, of which, "Dear Saviour, if these Lambs should Stray," "Say, Sinner, hath a Voice Within," and "Shepherd who Leadest with tender Care," were perhaps most widely used. Nettleton wrote to her during the later years of his life, "I know of none which have been more useful". At Nettleton request, she wrote and contributed, in addition to Nos. 463 and 470, seven hymns, Nos. 42, 303, 333, 335, 337, 449, and 482; 34 more were given in the revised and enlarged edition of the same, in 1851. An additional hymn appeared in Nason's Congregational Hymn Book (1857). In 1831, the Hydes removed to Ellington, Connecticut, where Rev. Hyde had charge of the Congregational Church. This was the home of Phoebe Hinsdale Brown when she wrote, "I love to steal awhile away". It was here that the two women met and formed an acquaintance which continued for many years.	1.960938
75574734	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seychelles%20Police%20Force	Seychelles Police Force	The Seychelles Police Force (SPF) is the national police force of Seychelles. Their main functions are to maintain order, help maintain internal security in both Seychelles and areas under the Seychelles government's control, and detect and thwart criminal actions in both Seychelles and other areas under the Seychelles government's control. They are regulated by both the Seychelles' constitution and national legislation. They received donations from the United Kingdom and China to help them address digital crime and improve the training for future officers. Drug trafficking, cybercrime, and corruption within the force are major problems that the Seychelles Police Force deals with frequently. History The first police force was created in 1802 by French colonial officials before a professional police force was raised in 1862. Branches The SPF is divided into various squads and units and the most notable are: Family Squad Child Protection Unit Traffic Unit Canine unit Commercial Crimes Unit Cybercrime unit Public Order and Tactical Response Unit The Public Order and Tactical Response Unit is the Seychelles Police Force's police tactical unit. Some specialized teams that are part of that unit include: Armory unit VVIP protection unit Riot control unit NEDEX (Bomb disposal unit) Seychelles Vessel Protection Detachment	2.90625
75574842	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonardo%20Pirondi	Leonardo Pirondi	Leonardo Pirondi is a Brazilian film director from São Paulo. Pirondi's work explores the intersection between fiction and non-fiction filmmaking using non-conventional structures of documentary, experimental, and narrative modes. In his films he explores contemporary sociopolitical issues and collective anxieties as a lens to look into history, imagination, myth, and technology. Education He studied filmmaking at the California Institute of the Arts (CalArts) in a 16 mm and analog focussed film program with an avant-garde/experimental film tradition. Career His films have been presented at the Toronto International Film Festival, International Film Festival Rotterdam, New York Film Festival (Currents), Vienna International Film Festival, Mar del Plata International Film Festival, BFI London Film Festival, Festival du nouveau cinéma, Slamdance, Melbourne International Film Festival, Edinburgh International Film Festival, Centre de Cultura Contemporànea de Barcelona, and REDCAT. Some of his films exist in the UCLA Film and Television Archive, The Film-Makers' Cooperative in New York, and were deposited at the Cinematheque of the Museum of Modern Art, Rio de Janeiro after the 4th edition of the 1666 Festival Internacional de Cinema 16mm. He has had solo and retrospective showings of his films at the Spectacle Theater in New York City, and Galeria Mola in Portugal. He took part in the 2023 Sundance Ignite X Adobe Fellowship. Pirondi's first co-authored project, the 2023 short film titled When We Encounter the World, was co-directed with Zazie Ray-Trapido and it premiered at the 32nd Curtas Vila do Conde followed by the North American Premiere at the 62nd New York Film Festival, the Austrian Premiere at the 61st Viennale, and selected to additional exhibitions at 15th CROSSROADS by the San Francisco Cinematheque, San Diego Underground Film Festival among others. The film was also shown alongside an interactive exhibition at Galeria Mola in Portugal.	2.078125
75575899	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photochemical%20action%20plots	Photochemical action plots	In the late 20th century, action spectra became essential in developing optical devices for photocatalysis and photovoltaics, particularly in measuring photocurrent efficiency at various wavelengths. These studies have been vital in understanding primary contributors to photocurrent generation, leading to advancements in materials, morphologies, and device designs for improved solar energy capture and utilization. In photochemistry, action spectra have been mainly used in photodissociation studies. These involve a monochromatic light source, often a laser, coupled with a mass spectrometer to record wavelength-dependent ion dissociation in gaseous phases. These spectra help identify contributing chromophores in molecular systems, characterize radical generation and unstable isomers, and understand higher state electron dynamics. The field underwent a transformation when a team led by Barner-Kowollik and Gescheidt recorded the first modern-day photochemical action plot using a tuneable monochromatic nanosecond pulsed laser system, discovering a strong mismatch between photochemical reactivity and absorptivity and marking a critical advancement in mapping wavelength-dependent conversions in photoinduced polymerizations. Following this, numerous photochemical action plots have been recorded in various molecular and polymerization systems. Experimental setup	1.992188
75576074	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lelia%20Judson%20Tuttle	Lelia Judson Tuttle	Lelia Judson Tuttle (May 12, 1878 – November 8, 1967) was an American educator and missionary in China. She was chair of the English literature department at McTyeire Institute in Shanghai from 1910 to 1926, and dean of women at Soochow University from 1926 until 1941. Early life and education Tuttle was born in Caldwell County, North Carolina, the youngest of at least eleven children of Benedict Marcus Tuttle and Mary Anne Elizabeth Cochrane Tuttle. Her eldest brother, Herndon Tuttle, was a friend of Charlie Soong, giving her an early connection to Chinese Methodists. She graduated from the North Carolina State Normal and Industrial College in Greensboro (now UNC-Greensboro) in 1900, and earned a master's degree from Teachers College, Columbia University in 1906. She trained for mission work at Scarritt College for Christian Workers in Kansas City. Career Tuttle taught at Davenport College in North Carolina from 1902 to 1904. She went to China as a Methodist missionary in 1909. She was head of the English literature department at McTyeire Institute in Shanghai until 1926, when she became dean of women at Soochow University. She left China in 1941. Tuttle spoke about her experiences in China to community and church groups on her furlough visits to North Carolina, and in her later years. In 1956, she gave 168 acres of land in Caldwell County to the Tuttle Forest Foundation. The Tuttle Educational State Forest is named for her. Personal life Tuttle died in 1967, at the age of 89, in Caldwell County. Twenty boxes of her papers and artifacts from China are held by the special collections library at UNC-Greensboro. Her family has made additions to the collection in recent years. One of her nieces, Worth Tuttle Hedden, was a novelist.	1.984375
75576320	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CCDC177	CCDC177	Coiled-Coil Domain Containing 177 (CCDC177) is a protein, which in humans, is encoded by the gene CCDC177. It is composed of a coiled helical domain that spans half of the protein. CCDC177 deletions are associated with intellectual disability and congenital heart defects. Gene The CCDC177 gene is located on chromosome 14 at 14q24.1, and contains 2 exons. The CCDC177 gene is part of the CCDC gene family, which encodes proteins involved in signal transduction and signal transcription. Other known aliases for the CCDC177 gene are Chromosome 14 Open Reading Frame 162 (C14orf162), and Myelin Proteolipid Protein-Like Protein (PLPL). mRNA transcripts CCDC177 has one variant, which encodes Isoform 1 in humans. The mRNA sequence for this variant is 4,182 base pairs in length. Both exons are present in the variant, however the coding region is entirely within Exon 2. Protein CCDC177 Isoform 1 in humans is 707 amino acids long with a predicted molecular weight of 80 kDa. It is rich in arginine, and glutamate, and poor in isoleucine relative to other proteins. The isoelectric point is 11. The human protein is also rich in arginine-glutamate motifs, which are implicated in cell survival signaling. Domains and motifs Humans CCDC177 includes one domain of unknown function (DUF4659), multiple disordered regions, and an alanine-rich motif. Structure Proteins of the coiled coil domain containing (CCDC) family contain large coiled helical domains. The coiled helical domain within the human CCDC177 protein fully overlaps the domain of unknown function (DUF4659). Gene-level regulation CCDC177 mRNA is ubiquitously expressed across adult human tissues, but is low in expression in fetal tissues throughout the body. It is also less abundant in immune cells such as B cells, T cells, and NK cells. Protein-level regulation	1.929688
75577255	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20M.%20Toms	Robert M. Toms	Robert M. Toms (October 14, 1886 - April 7, 1960) was an American jurist, actor, playwright, composer, and professor from Michigan. While on the bench in the Third Judicial Circuit, he is said to have tried about 40,000 cases. He taught Constitutional law at Wayne State University. Early life and education Robert was born in La Crosse, Wisconsin. He was born to Frank P. Toms and Lark (Looney) Toms. Toms' grandfather was one of the pioneer settlers in Oakland County, Michigan. He attended the public schools of Chicago and earned an A.B. degree from University of Chicago in 1907 and an LL.B. from the University of Michigan Law School in 1910. He was awarded an honorary degree by Wayne State University in 1956. He married Gladys B. Wetmore November 11, 1914 and had two daughters, Elinor (Toms) Jones and Margaret (Toms) Cope. in the 1918 Michigan Bench & Bar Journal he was listed as member of the Detroit Bar Association, Corinthian Lodge, F. & A.M., Detroit Board of Commerce, Fellowcraft Club, Sigma Alpha Epsilon Legal career Wayne County Prosecutors office In July 1912, he was appointed an assistant prosecutor and he served two years under Hugh Shepherd and Allan Frazer. He was appointed to replace Leopold A. Kosolnski. He left the office from 1914 to 1920 and was in private practice with the firm Schmalzriedt, Spaulding & Toms. In 1920 he was appointed to become chief assistant prosecutor under Paul W. Voorhies. He was elected to serve in the Wayne County Prosecutor's Office in 1924 and served two terms as Wayne County Prosecutor. He held the office till he was elected to the Circuit bench in the spring 1929 election.	2.171875
75577292	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian%20Godlewski	Julian Godlewski	Julian August ″Jul″ Godlewski, (17 August 1903 – 4 February 1983) was a Polish lawyer, patron of the Polish arts, philanthropist, and Polish diaspora activist. Biography He was born in a well-known Lviv family of Włodzimierz Godlewski – a president of the Bar Association in Lviv, and Anna Helena Georgina née Zahariewicz (1873–1966). His maternal grandfather, Julian Zachariewicz, was an architect, professor and rector of Lviv Polytechnic University. In 1920, he took part in the Polish-Bolsheviks War. In 1921, he obtained a certificate from the local Adam Mickiewicz Higher and Real Junior High School and then, continuing the family tradition, he graduated from the Faculty of Law at the Jan Kazimierz University in Lviv. He later obtained a Doctor of Law degree. Before World War II, he was a referendary at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. During the war, he was a second lieutenant of the Polish Armed Forces, in the ranks of the 1st Armored Division, commanded by General Stanisław Maczek. In 1944, he was badly wounded in the Battle of Falaise. On 1 January 1946, he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant in the cavalry officer corps. After the war, he remained abroad. During his stay in the United States, he was for a short period the adjutant and translator of General Tadeusz Bór-Komorowski. Then, he stayed in Argentina, where he obtained citizenship, and returned to Europe soon after. For a long time, he held a high position on the management board of the Thyssen steel company, being a family friend as well. He resided in Lugano, Switzerland, renting an apartment in the ″Splendide Royal″ hotel for almost thirty years He was a member of the Lviv Citizens' Circle in London, England. From 1962, he regularly came to Poland with annual, several-week visits. Shortly before his death, he returned to Poland and settled in Warsaw. He was buried there at the Powązki Military Cemetery.	1.945313
75577342	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palazzo%20Maccarani%20Stati	Palazzo Maccarani Stati	The Palazzo Maccarani Stati is a medieval palace located in Rome in Sant'Eustachio. The palace was designed by Giulio Romano; this is his last work in Rome. The name of the palace has two surnames. Stati is the surname of the initial owners of the structure. The building was a private palace of the wealthy Stati family that later went bankrupt. In 1786, the palazzo passed to the Maccarani family, related to the initial owners. History According to what Giorgio Vasari claims in his Vite, in 1521, the curator of Rome Cristoforo Stati (1498–1550), belonging to the ancient Roman line of the Statis of Tomarozzi, with money from the dowry of his wife Faustina Cenci, entrusted the renovation of some family properties in today's Sant'Eustachio to his architect and painter Giulio Romano. The latter was inspired by the structure, although simplified, of Palazzo Caprini by Donato Bramante. The palace formerly known as Palazzo Stati Cenci, today as Palazzo Maccarani Stati, is one of the Romano's rare projects. Architecture The facade on Piazza S. Eustachio has an ashlar ground floor featuring four garage doors and a portal with two rusticated pilasters that support the triangular tympanum; above is the mezzanine floor with four simple rectangular windows. The windows are extended horizontally. The first noble floor facade features five alternating arched and triangular large windows and numerous paired pilasters. The second noble floor has five smaller arched windows. The building surrounds an interior courtyard.	2.125
75577355	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health%20in%20Punjab%2C%20India	Health in Punjab, India	Of the total births in Punjab, 38.5% were delivered by caesarean section in 2019–21. This number was 24.6% in 2015–16. For private health facilities, 55.5% of the births were by caesarean section, in 2019–20, compared to 29.9% for public health facilities. In 2015–16, this number was 39.7% for private and 29.9% for public health facilities. For private health facilities, the rate was 57.0% for rural areas and 53.4% for urban areas in 2019–21. For public health facilities, the rate was 29.1% in rural areas and 31.1% in urban areas, in the same year. Life Expectancy Between 2013 and 2017, the life expectancy at birth in Punjab was 72.4 years. It was 74 years for females and 71 for males. The table below shows the life expectancy in Punjab by gender and residence in 2013–17. Estimated from civil registration and vital statistics system (CRVSS) data, the table below shows the life expectancy in the districts of Punjab, in 2012. Children According to the national family health survey of 2020–21, anaemia rate in Punjab was 71.1% for children between the ages of 0 and 57 months. This was a significant increase compared to 56.6% in 2015–16. According to the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) data from 2015 to 2016, the rate stunting (low height for age) for children between the ages of 0 and 59 months was 26%, which was lower than the national average of 38%. The table below shows the data from the state nutrition profile of Punjab of children below the age of 6, by years. Women As of 2020, the percentage of deaths due to heart disease was higher in women than men, 41.8% for females compared to 32.2% for males. In the same year, the percentage of deaths due to covid-19 was lower for women compared to men, 13.4% for males and 9.9% for females. The table below shows the state nutrition profile of Punjab for women between the ages of 15 and 49 years.	2.953125
75577833	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigoniinae	Antigoniinae	Antigoniinae is a subfamily of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Caproidae, the boarfishes. These fishes are found in the warmer oceans throughout the world. Taxonomy Antigoniinae was first named as a taxonomic grouping in 1898 by the American ichthyologists David Starr Jordan and Barton Warren Evermann. The 5th edition of Fishes of the World classifies Antigoniinae as a subfamily of the Caproidae, within the order Caproiformes, as do other authorities. However, other authorities classify this taxon as a family, the Antigoniidae, and classify and the Caproidae in the order Acanthuriformes. Genera Antigoniinae contains one extant and two extinct genera: Antigonia Lowe, 1843 †Proantigonia Kramberger, 1882 †Eoantigonia Baciu, Bannikov & Tyler, 2005 Characteristics Antigoniinae boarfishes are predominantly red in colour and have very deep, compressed, rhomboid shapwed bodies. Most of the scales on the body are clearly ridged, the ridge being high and curved on the rear of the scales. There are 8 or 9 spines in the dorsal fin and between 26 and 38 soft rays while the anal fin is supported by 3 spines which are separate from the soft rays in the fin. The caudal fin contains 10 branched rays. The maxillary process of the palatine is articulated with the forward end of the nasal bone. The largest species is the deepbody boarfish (Antigonia capros) with a maximum published total length of while the smallest is Antigonia kenyae at . Distribution and habitat Antigoniinae boarfishes are found at depths between . Fossil record Antigoniinae boarfishes include two fossil taxa Proantigoniafrom the Oligocene and Miocene of Russia and Europe and Eoantigonia from the Middle Eocene of Italy.	2.78125
75578165	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Good%20Neighbors%20%28organization%29	Good Neighbors (organization)	Good Neighbors is a non-profit organization founded in 1991 in South Korea. It is a global NGO specializing in children's rights and is active in 47 countries worldwide. History Good Neighbors was founded by Il-ha YI and seven founding members on March 28, 1991, as the Korea Neighborhood Love Association under the Ministry of Health and Welfare. The international relief and development project was started with Bangladesh's poor relief in 1992, Somalia in 1993, and Rwanda's refugee relief activities in 1994. In March 1996, the corporation was disbanded and a social welfare corporation was established, and the first private organization to open a child abuse counseling center nationwide and began professional intervention in children affected by abuse. In 1996, Korea's first NGO was granted comprehensive consultation status by the United Nations Economic and Social Council(UNECOSOC). On August 1, 2002, the organization was renamed Good Neighbors, and in August 2003, Good Neighbors International was registered with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Since then, emergency relief has been provided for disasters such as the Sichuan earthquake, Haiti earthquake, East Japan earthquake, and Nepal earthquake. In 2007, he was awarded the Millennium Development Goals Award (MDGs Award), organized by the United Nations and the International Union of Labor and Management Organizations, for his contribution to universal primary education. Activities	2.03125
75578390	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangadi	Bangadi	Bangadi is a town located in Haut-Uele Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo. History During Belgian colonial rule, Bangadi was an important town. After the Duru September 2008 attack, the town residents established a self-defense group due to their distrust of the government. On 8 October, 120 self-defense group militias attacked the town police station and gained few firearms. LRA attacked Bangadi on 19 October, killing 9 and abducting 41 children. They looted and burned houses and pillaged a health center. Nevertheless, the town residents defeated them before reaching the central market. Due to the attack, the residents fled to the bush. During the Christmas massacres, LRA killed 48 people in Bangadi areas. LRA stormed Bangadi on 22 January 2009 and the town self-defense group repelled the attack and chased them to the outskirts of the town. Two days later, FARDC sent 175 soldiers from the 911th Battalion to the town. The Bangadi self-defense group was abolished in June 2009 due to the order of Major Nelson Mugaba. In December 2009, the 911th Battalion departed from Bangadi and was replaced by the 912th Battalion. Education The town has a primary school. Healthcare There is a health center in the town.	2.40625
75578789	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gothic%20War%20in%20Spain%20%28416%E2%80%93418%29	Gothic War in Spain (416–418)	The Gothic War in Spain was a military operation of the Visigoths commissioned by the West Roman Empire. This operation consisted of multiple campaigns that took place between 416 and 418 and were directed against the Vandals and the Alans to restore Roman power in the Spanish provinces of Betica, Lusitania and Cartaginense. As far as is known, the Roman field army was not involved in the battles, only foederati units fought on the side of the Romans. According to Thompson the Hasdingi in Gallaecia played a dubious role in this war. Sources The history of this war is briefly handed down, the main source is Hydatius (400-469), bishop of Chaves. Without his Chronicles, no history of Spain would have been known in the 5th century. Another contemporary is Orosius (375-420). Furthermore, Sidonius Apollinaris (430-486), the nameless Gallic Chronicle of 452, and Isidore of Seville (560-636) are useful sources. Also prominent historians such as E.A. Thompson and B.P. Bachrach have written the necessary about the period. The broad outlines of the events are known. After three years of warfare, the Visigoths knocked down Romes' enemies in Spain and almost destroyed them. Fredebal, the king of the Silingen was captured and Attaces, the Alan king in Lusitania, was killed. Gunderic, the Vandal Hasdingi king in Gallaecia, was lucky, because they were not attacked by the Visigoths. Unfortunately, the reason for this has not been reported and the answer to it has been provided by later historians. According to Thompson, Gunderic was accepted by the emperor as an ally and it was his troops who dealted a heavy blow to the Alans in Carthaginensis. At that moment Constantius thought it was enough and intervened, he forced the Visigoths to stop their campaign and they had to leave Spain. Background The barbaric invasion	2.34375
75578789	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gothic%20War%20in%20Spain%20%28416%E2%80%93418%29	Gothic War in Spain (416–418)	In Honorius' attack plan to restore Roman authority in the Spanish provinces, the Hasdingi were given a special task to fulfill. He did not charge the reconquest of the province of Cartaginensis on the Visigoths but ordered the Hasdingi to do so. Even before the Visigoths took action, the Hasdingi under the leadership of king Gunderic went up against the Alans of Respendial and defeated them in a battle that presumably took place near the cities of Toletum and Consabura. The conquered had to place themselves under Gunderics' authority and leave Cartaginensis. The Visigoths' campaign In the middle of the year 416, the Visigothic army left Barcino (Barcelona) and began its campaign against the Silingi. They harboured a special resentment against this people, because the Silingi had benefited from the food shortage among the Visigoths in previous years and had sold their wheat at exorbitant prices. It is unknown how big the army of the Visigoths was, but it will probably have been around 10,000. Except for Wallia, no names of the Roman command have been handed down, this could indicate that Wallia itself held the supreme command. The campaign led them along the coast towards the province of Baetica, which the Silingi had appropriated. The sources do not mention how the journey took, it is suspected that the Visigoths were transported by sea in ships of the Imperial Navy. In the south of Baetica the Visigoths went ashore and soon attacked the Silingi. After a series of short battles that usually ended indecided Wallia managed to capture their king Fredebal by means of a list. A decisive battle between the two armies took place near 'western Calpe' (Carteia) where the Visigoths inflicted a destructive defeat to the Silingi. All 417 the victors on the Silings who fled north with their families fled north, where they sought refuge from the Hasdingi.	2.6875
75578864	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordic%20Standard%20Helicopter%20Program	Nordic Standard Helicopter Program	Nordic Standard Helicopter Program (NSHP) was an international helicopter procurement program in the late 1990s and early 2000s to choose a standard helicopter for Norway, Sweden, Finland, and initially Denmark. In 1999, the four countries issued a requirement for a helicopter in the 9-15 ton range, which lead to the NH90 being selected in 2001. Denmark dropped out and chose the EH101, leaving Norway, Sweden, and Finland buying the NHI NH90 helicopter in September 2001. The helicopter was still in development and orders began in the late 2000s and early 2010s to the countries. In 2022 Norway terminated the order because NHI took to long to deliver working helicopters, leaving Sweden and Finland. Finland has 20 in service for Army transport, and Sweden has 18 with some for transport and some for SAR;Sweden uses the HCV high cabin variant. Background & Selection Norway took initiative in 1998 to establish the Nordic Standard Helicopter Program (NSHP), which would see a common unified model for the three Nordic countries. Four helicopters were considered: the AgustaWestland AW101, the NHIndustries NH90, the Eurocopter AS532 Cougar and the Sikorsky S-92. In 1999, Norway, Denmark, Sweden, and Finland issued the specs for potential joint helicopter purchase, that would be in the 9-15 ton range and possibly license built. The NHindustries NH90 was chosen in September 2001 as the Nordic Standard Helicopter winner, with orders for 18 from Sweden, 14 for Norway, and 20 for Finland. At the same time, Denmark dropped out of NHSP and chose the EH101, but Norway, Sweden, and Finland placed orders for the still in development, NH90, in various versions.	2.234375
75578924	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris%20Borvine%20Frenkel	Boris Borvine Frenkel	Boris Borvine Frenkel, born in Kalisz, Poland, on September 24, 1895, and died in Saint-Sébastien-de-Morsent near Évreux on April 30, 1984, was a Polish Jewish painter of the School of Paris. Biography Boris Borvine Frenkel grew up in Poland in a peasant family and received a traditional Jewish education. After attending the high school in Kalisz, he apprenticed as an engraver during the First World War. In 1919, he moved to Lvov, where he attended architecture classes. In 1920, after a brief stint in Warsaw prison for his anarchist activities, he traveled to Berlin in the early 1920s. Employed as a sailor on a cargo ship, he traveled the world. These years proved to be decisive; he established connections with Jewish intellectual and literary circles, meeting figures such as Else Lasker-Schüler, Peretz Markish, and Hayim Nahman Bialik. After a brief stay in Paris, in Brussels from 1924 to 1930, Borvine Frenkel dedicated his free time to painting, completing his studies at the Institute of Decorative Arts. In 1930, the Museum of Fine Arts in Brussels held an exhibition dedicated to his work. That same year, he was expelled from Belgium, settling in Paris, where he only left in order to avoid the German persecution under the occupation. He maintained contact with the group of Jewish painters from Eastern Europe associated with the École de Paris, and later joined the Association of Jewish Painters and Sculptors established in 1937. While exhibiting his paintings, he also made a living from various odd jobs. As an art and literature critic, he contributed to the Yiddish-language magazine "Unzer Stimme" and participated in the establishment of the magazine "Nos artistes" in 1960.	2.203125
75578948	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karakoram%20Cooperative%20Bank	Karakoram Cooperative Bank	Karakoram Cooperative Bank Limited (KCBL) is a financial institution that has been a cornerstone of economic growth and social development in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan since 1956. To lead the banking sector in the region, KCBL has become the largest banking network in the world. Gilgit-Baltistan offers a wide range of financial products and services. History KCBL, established in 1956, over the years, has expanded its network to include 60 branches and 5 sub-branches. Risk Management The Governor of Gilgit-Baltistan has urged KCBL to open new branches to further expand its reach and services. For first time in history of the bank, a proper risk management framework has been implemented inline with regulatory guidelines by a seasoned professional Chief Risk Officer with international experience and accredited British qualifications. He has played a pivotal role in driving the bank's profitability through an effective risk management strategy. By leveraging technology, promoting a risk-aware culture and enhancing collaboration across the bank, the CRO has successfully mitigated risks, protected the bank's value, and contributed to its sustainable growth in a dynamic and challenging business environment. Challenges Despite facing challenges such as natural calamities, limited connectivity, and low awareness levels, KCBL has implemented innovative strategies to reach out to the needy. The bank has also been involved in a case of theft where a small amount was recovered in a case of Rs 120 million, and an employee was accused of stealing more than Rs 60 million.	2.046875
75578982	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightning%20Column	Lightning Column	In October 1926, two years had passed since the first revolt in Rio Grande do Sul. The Prestes Column was fighting in Mato Grosso. On the 24th, the Column command met and decided to end the fight, heading towards the border with Bolivia. The troops were already exhausted, and the command hoped to negotiate an amnesty with Washington Luís, Bernardes' successor as president of Brazil, who would take office on 15 November. The Column's emissaries (Lourenço Moreira Lima and Djalma Soares Dutra) arrived the day before in Paso de los Libres, Argentina, where Lopes lived. Lopes viewed Washington Luís as negatively as Artur Bernardes, but agreed with the emigration. He only asked that the Column hold out for another two months, giving time for the new revolt he was planning. Preparation The conspirators scheduled their action for 26 December. The work was long, raising resources and individuals. Lopess' General Staff, headed by Fernando Távora, had a detailed plan; he "made reports on the loyalist, Armed Forces and police personnel; a summary of the largest civilian groups in the center, smaller groups and concentrations mobilized near the borders, including their armament, in addition to a survey of telegraph stations, production of maps". Secret recruitment and propaganda centers operated in Porto Alegre, Santa Maria, Uruguaiana and Rivera, in Uruguay. One of the committed civilians, Leonel Rocha, remembered Lopes' confidence: "there was no well-prepared revolution like this; If we miss half, we still have too much". A civilian, Rocha was one of the veteran revolutionaries committed to the revolt, and therefore "incorrigible", in the words of Borges de Medeiros. Another veteran, Honório Lemes, did not fight after his defeat in 1925, but his nephew Alfredo supported the life in exile of the sailors of the battleship São Paulo who revolted in 1924 and took part in the new uprisings.	2.234375
75578982	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightning%20Column	Lightning Column	The plan consisted of a four-column invasion across the border, coordinated with uprisings in army units in Rio Grande do Sul. One of the most important garrisons would be Santa Maria, the largest military hub and railway center in the state. The concentration point would be in Caçapava, a municipality with a strong opposition presence. Parallel to the campaign in Rio Grande do Sul, one of the columns would enter Santa Catarina and Paraná to cut the São Paulo-Rio Grande Railway. After the victory in the south, the rebels would join the Prestes Column, coming from Mato Grosso, to march against São Paulo. Revolts in the garrisons Bagé and São Gabriel Despite any order from Lopes, on the night of 13 to 14 November there was an uprising among soldiers of the 9th Independent Cavalry Regiment (RCI), in São Gabriel. Led by sergeant Walter Corrêa da Silva, the rebels went to Ponte Seca, where they briefly fought against police and civilian forces during the early hours of the morning. Lieutenant Vicente Mário de Castro, involved in the conspiracy in another local unit (the 1st Battery of the 6th Horse Artillery Group), advised them to withdraw to Caçapava. Convinced that the revolt was premature, the lieutenant remained in São Gabriel, waiting for a better time. The rebels of the 9th RCI took refuge in the estancia of opposition colonel Favorino Dias, in Seival, Caçapava. Another sergeant from São Gabriel was in Bagé, where he rebelled the soldiers at 01:00 on 14 November. This beginning of revolt was suppressed inside the barracks, at the cost of the life of a loyalist lieutenant.	2.09375
75578982	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightning%20Column	Lightning Column	Without one of its squadrons, the 1st RC had only 306 men in Santa Maria, of which around 200 fought, with the rest providing auxiliary services. The loyalist command requested reinforcements by telegraph and was able to receive them by train; civilians committed to the revolt should have cut railway communications, but they did not. The result was small, as the only reinforcement that day was from the Cachoeira do Sul Auxiliary Squadron, with 69 men. They disembarked at 18:00 when the Railway Station was under attack. Additional reinforcements, the 18th and 27th Auxiliary Corps, only arrived after the end of the battle. The number on the other side of the trenches, depending on the sources, ranged from 350 to 700–800 rebels. The army units had reduced numbers, and the 7th RI did not have its second battalion, which was deployed in Rio Pardo. Both sides relied on civilian support. The qualitative advantage belonged to the loyalists, as the 1st RC was an admittedly fierce unit, while the army troops were at the beginning of their training period, and therefore of little military value. The rebels controlled twelve cannons, but only five were functional; the rest were sabotaged by loyalist sergeants. The artillery fired from the front of the 5th RAM, from the front and sides of the 7th RI and at the Rosário Church, on Silva Jardim Street, firing directly at the positions of the Military Brigade and aiming at the barracks of the 1st RC. The cloudy sky and intermittent drizzle made aiming difficult.	2.015625
75578982	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightning%20Column	Lightning Column	After the revolt in Santa Maria, general Eurico de Andrade Neves, commander of the 3rd Military Region, accelerated the loyalist mobilization. The 7th Hunter Battalion (BC), from Porto Alegre, was transferred to Santa Maria, and the 8th BC, from São Leopoldo, to São Gabriel. The railway junction in Cacequi was occupied by an army contingent, coming from the São Simão Remount Depot. The state government continued to mobilize volunteers and on 23 November created four provisional corps in Santa Maria, Cachoeira, Rio Pardo and Palmeira, with 261 men. At the beginning of the following month, the 16th Auxiliary Corps, or "Railway Battalion", was also created to defend the railway. The rebels from Santa Maria entered the municipality of São Gabriel on 18 November. Their marshals, looking for horses, shot at civilians, and the news reached the loyalists. The city was occupied by the 8th BC and the IV/1st RC, and spies in the barracks watched suspicious officers. This was not enough to prevent the troops from joining the rebels. On the 19th, lieutenant Vicente Mário de Castro rebelled 38 soldiers from the 1st Battery of the 6th Horse Artillery Group (I/6th GACav). Instead of revolting in the city, they escaped to join their companions from Santa Maria, heading to Seival, in Caçapava. Moments after the withdrawal, the 8th BC surrounded the barracks.	2.390625
75579307	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transition%20metal%20complexes%20of%20thiocyanate	Transition metal complexes of thiocyanate	Transition metal complexes of thiocyanate describes coordination complexes containing one or more thiocyanate (SCN−) ligands. The topic also includes transition metal complexes of isothiocyanate. These complexes have few applications but played significant role in the development of coordination chemistry. Structure and bonding Hard metal cations, as classified by HSAB theory, tend to form N-bonded complexes (isothiocyanates), whereas class B or soft metal cations tend to form S-bonded thiocyanate complexes. For the isothiocyanates, the M-N-C angle is usually close to 180°. For the thiocyanates, the M-S-C angle is usually close to 100°. Homoleptic complexes Most homoleptic complexes of NCS− feature isothiocyanate ligands (N-bonded). All first-row metals bind thiocyanate in this way. Octahedral complexes [M(NCS)6]z- include M = Ti(III), Cr(III), Mn(II), Fe(III), Ni(II), Mo(III), Tc(IV), and Ru(III). Four-coordinated tetrakis(isothiocyanate) complexes would be tetrahedral since isothiocyanate is a weak-field ligand. Two examples are the deep blue [Co(NCS)4]2- and the green [Ni(NCS)4]2-. Few homoleptic complexes of NCS− feature thiocyanate ligands (S-bonded). Octahedral complexes include [M(SCN)6]3- (M = Rh and Ir) and [Pt(SCN)6]2-. Square planar complexes include [M(SCN)4]z- (M = Pd(II), Pt(II), and Au(III)). Colorless [Hg(SCN)4]2- is tetrahedral. Some octahedral isothiocyanate complexes undergo redox reactions reversibly. Orange [Os(NCS)6]3- can be oxidized to violet [Os(NCS)6]2-. The Os-N distances in both derivatives are almost identical at 200 picometers. Linkage isomerism	1.984375
75579310	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esmah%20Lahlah	Esmah Lahlah	Asmah "Esmah" Lahlah (born 13 October 1979) is a Dutch politician of GroenLinks (GL). Early and personal life Lahlah was born to a Dutch mother and Moroccan father. Her father moved to the Netherlands in 1970, following his father. Lahlah has two sisters, and she was raised Muslim. She went to a Christian school and attended Arabic lessons. Lahlah has worn a hijab since around the age of eight or nine. Career Lahlah has worked as an alderwoman in Tilburg and as a university lecturer. She was elected to the House of Representatives in November 2024, and she is her party's spokesperson for justice and security. She is working on a bill to enshrine the right to subsistence in law. Following November 2024 Amsterdam riots targeting supporters of the Israeli football club Maccabi Tel Aviv F.C., Prime Minister Dick Schoof blamed a specific group of young people with a migration background for the attacks, and he said that the events pointed to a broader integration issue. Integration state secretary Jurgen Nobel stated that a significant portion of Islamic youth did not endorse Dutch norms and values. Lahlah criticized the cabinet's response, arguing that its statements were unsubstantiated and that making generalizations about population groups caused fear among minorities. In response to discussions about integration, she said that people with a migration background should be enabled to participate in society. According to Lahlah, proposals to revoke Dutch nationality for dual citizens prosecuted for antisemitism would reduce dual citizens to second-class citizens. House committee assignments Committee for Justice and Security Committee for Digital Affairs Procedure Committee Committee for Social Affairs and Employment Committee for Asylum and Migration Electoral history	2.359375
75579315	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church%20of%20the%20New%20Dispensation	Church of the New Dispensation	The actual number of Brahmos remained relatively small, primarily comprising middle-class professionals and their families. Despite the establishment of new branches post-1880, these were mostly aligned with the Sadharan faction, indicating a decline in support for Keshab's approach. The 1891 census reported only 3,051 Brahmos in South Asia, reflecting the limited numerical growth and influence of the church. Despite the decline, the church's philosophy of eclecticism continued to influence the personalities, lives, and consciousnesses of representative 20th-century Indians, contributing to the shaping of the modern Indian mind. However, the church struggled to maintain its initial momentum and unity in the years following Keshab's death, eventually leading to its dissolution as a significant religious movement. Remnants and Revivals King Nripendra and his wife, Suniti Devi, constructed the largest Brahmo temple in South Asia, primarily funded with government money, and provided an annual grant of 5,000 rupees for maintenance. In 1888, the king declared that the Church of the New Dispensation was the official state religion, though it had no practical effect in spreading the faith outside the small community of Bengali elite.	2.734375
75580118	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center%2C%20Oklahoma	Center, Oklahoma	Center is a ghost town in Pontotoc County, Oklahoma. A few buildings remain there, including a fire department. History Center was established in the mid-1800s as a white establishment in the Chickasaw Nation. They illegally made the town due to the fact that it was under white ownership. Most of the settlers and pioneers of Center inhabited the town via lease or rent of ownership. These people would build stores there. Around the mid-1890s, Center was a leading town in modern-day Pontotoc County. The town had over 500 people. The main area was built circling two wells. The town had a courthouse, twenty-five stores of fluctuating responsibilities, two hotels, and was what considered as a “leading newspaper” by townsfolk. In March 1900, the west side of Center was destroyed by a fire. This included the courthouse. No plans were made to fight the fire, and no one could fight a fire this disastrous. When other towns were being built in the Chickasaw nation, people began to move away from Center, leaving it a desolate shell of what it once was. There is a newer Center that was rebuilt a half-mile south of where it once was.	2.375
75580481	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clandestine%20detention%20center%20%28Argentina%29	Clandestine detention center (Argentina)	Pozo de Quilmes The 'Pozo de Quilmes' or '''Chupadero Malvinas' was another clandestine detention center operating between August 1975 and January 1979. 251 people were held captive there, some kidnapped under the Operation Condor. 'El Infierno' of Avellaneda El Infierno' was named by the head of the Buenos Aires Provincial Police, Ramón Camps, and operated in the Lanús Investigations Brigade, under Miguel Etchecolatz. This center functioned from 1976 to 1978, and it is estimated that around 330 people passed through it, including labor activists. Most of them disappeared, and others were identified in section 134 of the municipal cemetery. The headquarters of the Regional Unit II of the Lanús Investigations Brigade (URIIBIL) operated there, and the local authorities were Commissioners Bruno Trevisán and Rómulo Ferranti, sentenced to three and four years in prison for the crimes of 'abuse and severity' against the Iaccarino businessmen. Around 200 police officers worked here between 1976 and 1979, but being an investigations brigade, many of them wore plainclothes. There were also military personnel, and together, they formed the task groups. On the 40th anniversary of the last civic-military coup in Argentina, El Infierno' was expropriated and transformed into a 'Municipal Space of Memory'. A year earlier, it had been marked at an event with political and local human rights organizations. Currently, the Human Rights Secretariat of the Municipality of Avellaneda operates there.	2.171875
75580716	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing%20of%20Yuval%20Castleman	Killing of Yuval Castleman	Rules of engagement Israel has rules of engagement, which is a procedural law that defines when firearms carriers, especially soldiers, may fire their weapons, without receiving direct firing orders, and specifies the steps to be taken before opening fire. The rules are subject to criticism from various groups in Israel, especially in light of terrorist attacks and in relation to terrorists. Various sources claimed that terrorists who carried out an attack should be shot to death, even if they did not pose an immediate danger. Many prominent voices of commentary of the shooting, including one editorial in Haaretz, criticized the campaign to encourage execution of terrorists on the ground, regardless of the risk they pose, claiming it led directly to Castleman's killing. Professor similarly criticized the campaign for executions at the scene of a terrorist attack, arguing that in a state of law, the authority to kill a person as punishment does not lie with soldiers or civilians. IDF Chief of Staff Herzi Halevi addressed the incident, saying: "We commend the heroism of a civilian who ran bravely into the fire to stop the killing of civilians", adding: "Do not rush to fire when the risk decreases, and we do not shoot those who raise their hands."	2.15625
75580765	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pediocactus%20paradinei	Pediocactus paradinei	Pediocactus paradinei, also known as bristly plains cactus, Houserock Valley cactus, Kaibab pincushion cactus, Paradine cactus, and Park pincushion cactus is a rare species of cactus found in Arizona. Description Pediocactus paradinei is a round cactus that grows in a depressed manner, measuring between 3 cm to 4 cm in length and 6-8 cm in diameter. It extends half underground with a sizable 15 cm long taproot. The spines, which are flexible and hair-like, range from 1-3 cm in length and exhibit colors from white to ashy grey with yellow to brown tips. This cactus features 3 to 6 central spines and 3-22 radial spines. The yellow bell-shaped flowers of Pediocactus paradinei measure 1.5 to 2 cm in length and 2.5 cm in diameter, displaying colors ranging from pinkish beige to yellow. The flowering period occurs from late April to early May. Distribution Endemic to the desert on the Kaibab Plateau in Houserock Valley, Coconino County, Arizona, Pediocactus paradinei is found at elevations ranging from 1600 to 2000 meters. It mainly grows in open woodland areas beneath Ponderosa pine trees, as well as in shrubland/chaparral within open pinyon-juniper woodlands and sagebrush valleys on Kaibab limestone gravels. Often found in small, scattered patches, it shares its habitat with other plant species such as Sclerocactus whipplei subsp. busekii, Escobaria missouriensis subsp. marstonii, Escobaria vivipara subsp. kaibabensis, Echinocereus engelmannii var. variegatus, Opuntia, and Yucca baccata.	2.28125
75581099	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragonesque%20brooch	Dragonesque brooch	Most are found incomplete, especially in the pins, where only the circle attachment may remain, or part of the shaft, or nothing. The enamel has very often fallen out, in whole or in part. Many bodies have broken into two or more pieces. Their original appearance would have been much brighter, the metal probably kept polished. The style is "ever-popular on the antiquities market", and often copied in modern craft jewellery. Distribution Most examples have been found in the "military districts" or frontier region of what is now northern England, with (in 2012) over 75% of known examples from north of a line joining the rivers Severn and Humber. Some have come from modern Scotland, especially six from Trapain Law and some from Edinburgh, both north of Hadrian's Wall but south of the Antonine Wall, so briefly in Roman control during this period. The military base of Coria (Corbridge) in Northumberland has produced a number of finds. The northern area where they are found, called Brigantia, was then the home of Britain's largest tribal confederation, the Brigantes, and some writers have connected them to the manufacture of the brooches, even attempting more precise localization. It has been suggested that enamel was more popular with the military, with finds from non-military sites, rural and probably "native", less likely to have it. Like other popular styles of brooch, they may have been made by itinerant jewellers, or by fixed workshops with distribution and sales by others; or by a combination of these. Other types of Romano-British brooch with Celtic stylistic elements were popular in military contexts in the frontier area; the Staffordshire Moorlands Pan is the best survival of a small group of larger trullae with Celtic-style enamel, and the names of forts on Hadrian's Wall in Latin, presumed to be soldiers' souvenirs. A few examples of the dragonesque brooch found in continental Europe are thought to have been carried there from Britain by their owners.	2.375
75581859	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne%20des%20Cadeaux	Anne des Cadeaux	Anne des Cadeaux (unknown1754), was a Native American active in early colonial Louisiana, and was from one of the early Louisiana Creole families. She was a devout Catholic, and was enslaved but later gained her freedom. Early life and family Anne was born in an Adai Indian village near the colonial Louisiana post of Fort St. Jean Baptiste des Natchitoches, in what would later become the colonial Spanish presidio of Los Adaes and capital of Tejas. This historic site is located near present-day Robeline and the El Camino Real (English: The King’s Highway), which is part of Louisiana Scenic Byway (LA-6) and Spanish Lake Highway (LA-485). Her birth name is unknown and little is known of Anne's childhood. While the Spanish colonists referred to her people as Adais (various spellings), the French referred to her people as the Natao, as named by Pierre le Moyne d'Iberville in 1699. Anne later became the slave of Jean Baptiste Brevelle (French: Brevel), a Parisian-born trader, explorer, and one of the first soldiers garrisoned at Fort St. Jean Baptiste des Natchitoches. Jean so loved Anne that he obtained permission from Fort Commandant Louis Antoine Juchereau de St. Denis to marry her. After the publication of three banns, Jean and Anne were married in 1736 in the Catholic Church in Natchitoches. Anne bore two children, who would become the first Creoles and settlers of Isle Brevelle.	2.6875
75581985	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20the%20Islamic%20State%20%E2%80%93%20Khorasan%20Province	History of the Islamic State – Khorasan Province	The Islamic State – Khorasan Province (ISIS–K) is a regional branch of the Islamic State terrorist group active in South-Central Asia, primarily Afghanistan. ISIS–K seeks to destabilize and overthrow existing governments of the historic Khorasan region to establish an Islamic caliphate under its strict, fundamentalist Islamist rule. Background Prior to the birth of ISIS–K, a number of Islamic jihadist groups operated in South and Central Asia, many linked to Al-Qaeda. In Iran, groups included Jundullah, Harakat Ansar Iran, and Jaish al-Adl. Pakistan hosted hundreds of groups including Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT), Harkat-ul-Mujahideen, Lashkar-e-Jhangvi (LeJ), Sepah-e-Sahaba, and Tehrik-e-Taliban-e-Pakistan (TTP). Tajikistan hosted groups such as Islamic Renaissance Party of Tajikistan, Jamaat Ansarullah, and Harakati Islamii Tajikistan. Other groups persisted on the periphery including the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU), and the Uyghur-led Turkistan Islamic Party (TIP, a.k.a. East Turkestan Islamic Movement/ETIM). Each group would develop close relations with either Al-Qaeda or the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria. In response to failed negotiations with the Taliban following the September 11th 2001 attacks by Al-Qaeda against the United States, the U.S. overthrew the Taliban regime in Afghanistan and launched a military campaign against Al-Qaeda and Taliban militants who fought to reclaim the country. The insurgent conflict became a focal point for jihadism in the Khorasan region with nearly every jihadist group in the region taking part to varying degrees.	2.0625
75581985	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20the%20Islamic%20State%20%E2%80%93%20Khorasan%20Province	History of the Islamic State – Khorasan Province	In 2003, the United States overthrew the Ba’athist government of Iraq and its leader, Saddam Hussein. Jamat al-Tawhid wa-al-Jihad (Organization of Monotheism and Jihad), led by Jordanian Salafist jihadist Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, quickly gained notoriety for bloody attacks on Shia mosques, civilians, Iraqi government, American, and foreign troops. In 2004, Zarqawi swore allegiance to Osama bin Laden and the group became part of Ayman al-Zawahiri's campaign against the United States, becoming known as al-Qaeda in Iraq or AQI. Zarqawi was killed by US forces in June 2006. By 2010, the Taliban resistance had become weakened under the stresses of factionalism and the Taliban had lost credibility to many of the jihadist groups for its attempts to negotiate with NATO forces. In contrast, the outbreak of the Syrian civil war in March 2011 shifted the attention of jihadists from the Afghan jihad to the Levant. With jihadist groups flocking to take part in the conflict, al-Qaeda's branches in Afghanistan and Pakistan began lobbying to send groups of fighters to join the Syrian jihad, a measure to demonstrate to the world that al-Qaeda was still actively involved in a global jihad, especially as donor states’ interest in the Afghan jihad faded in favor of the surging ISIS campaign in Syria. Although al-Qaeda-linked Afghan and Pakistani jihadists had traveled to fight in the Levant as early as 2003, most groups had been small in number and quickly integrated into assorted ISIS units. The Syrian civil war, where ISIS attained significant military power and attention for the sizeable terrain it controlled, began to attract slightly larger groups of Afghan and Pakistani militants, many of whom may have been disenchanted with the progress of the Afghan jihad. An April 2012 estimate by Russian security services described 200–250 Afghans and 250–300 Pakistanis from TTP involved in the conflict. Prelude	2.21875
75582125	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expulsion%20from%20the%20United%20Nations	Expulsion from the United Nations	After the Chinese Civil War and the retreat of the government of Republic of China to Taiwan, the PRC lobbied for the exclusion of the Republic of China from the United Nations. Particularly, in 1971 the PRC through its proxies passed along a letter from its Ministry of Foreign Affairs stating that Taiwan was a part of its territory that was returned after World War II, and that Beijing would "have absolutely nothing to do with the [UN]" if it adopted a position of "'two Chinas', 'one China, one Taiwan,' or 'the status of Taiwan remaining to be determined'". This claim was reiterated again during debates in the United Nations General Assembly. At the time, it was viewed as a question of representation (of which government should represent China in the UN) rather than a question of admission of the PRC. Eventually, the Republic of China was stripped of its 26-year-long UN membership and replaced by the PRC in the United Nations Security Council. The expulsion occurred despite the fact that the Republic of China had been one of the founding members of the United Nations, with diplomatic recognition of other UN members. Nonetheless, the mention of the Republic of China rather than People's Republic of China among Security Council members in the United Nations Charter has been retained since.	2.203125
75582137	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praxis%20%28proposed%20city%29	Praxis (proposed city)	Praxis is a company founded by Dryden Brown and Charlie Callinan, with Howard Hughes Corporation founder David Weinreb as Vice Chairman. Praxis describes itself as an "internet-native nation," and has stated plans to create a 10,000 population city in the Mediterranean. Brown has not determined the location of the city and the company's vision has been called unrealistic. As of April 2024, Praxis states that it has 2,034 citizens, 124 companies, and that companies founded by Praxis members have an aggregate valuation of $452 billion. History Founders Dryden Brown was raised in Santa Barbara, California and was homeschooled in order to pursue competitive surfing. He stated that as a high schooler, he studied Ayn Rand and Austrian economists, and when he applied for college, he limited his applications to Harvard University, Stanford University, the University of Oxford, and the University of Cambridge. He was rejected by them all and he attended New York University before dropping out. Before founding Praxis, Brown worked as an analyst for a hedge fund, where he met Praxis co-founder Charlie Callinan, a former Boston College wide receiver. Brown was fired from the hedge fund. In 2019, Brown and Callinan used money Callinan won in a golf tournament to travel to Nigeria and Ghana, where they met with Ghana's vice president and proposed building a financial center. In 2019, a conversation while surfing in Puerto Rico inspired Callinan and Brown to establish a company called Bluebook Cities. The New York Times writes that Praxis founder Dryden Brown "isn’t a charismatic speaker or an accomplished businessman" and that he is "big on promises and light on specifics". In 2022, Brown told a speechwriter that his inspiration for Praxis came when he saw people looting stores in SoHo during the George Floyd protests. Following the protests, he rented a cabin in Alaska. Brown has lamented the organization of modern cities and their perceived lack of shared values.	1.9375
75582203	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess%20Christine%20of%20Anhalt-Bernburg	Princess Christine of Anhalt-Bernburg	Princess Christine of Anhalt-Bernburg (; 14 November 1746 – 18 May 1823) was a Princess of Anhalt-Bernburg and was Princess of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen through her marriage to August II, Prince of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen. Biography Early life Christine was born in Bernburg to Victor Frederick, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg (son of Karl Frederick, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg and Sophie Albertine of Solms-Sonnenwalde) and Albertine of Brandenburg-Schwedt (daughter of Margrave Albert Frederick of Brandenburg-Schwedt and Princess Maria Dorothea Kettler of Courland). She was described as a gentle and loving character and was raised by tender parents. Marriage and issue On 27 April 1762 a ceremonial wedding took place between her and her first cousin Prince August of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen, the brother of the then reigning Christian Günther III, Prince of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen, after rejecting many sons from noble families. From then on she left Bernburg and the newly wedded couple resided in Sondershausen Palace. It was said that she soon won the hearts of all residents through her exceptional affability and friendly condescension. Their marriage resulted in 6 children, most dying in their youth. Christine survived 5 of her 6 children. She is also a direct ancestor of Queen Emma, Queen Wilhelmina, Princess Helen, Duchess of Albany and Princess Alice of Albany through her daughter Princess Augusta. Prince Friedrich of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen (1763–1791) Princess Katharina of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen (1764–1775) Princess Augusta of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen (1768–1849), who married George I, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont and had issue. Prince Wilhelm of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen (1770–1807) Prince Alexius of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen (1773–1777) Princess Friederike of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen (1774–1806), who married Friedrich Karl of Sayn-Wittgenstein and had issue.	2.046875
75582947	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military%20history%20of%20Taiwan	Military history of Taiwan	During the Song dynasty, Han Chinese fishermen settled on the Penghu Islands by 1171, when "Bisheye" bandits, a Taiwanese people related to the Bisaya of the Visayas, landed on Penghu and plundered fields planted by Chinese migrants. The Song dynasty sent soldiers after them, and from that time on Song patrols regularly visited Penghu in the spring and summer. A local official, Wang Dayou, stationed troops there to prevent depredations from the Bisheye. During the Yuan dynasty, a patrol and inspection agency () was set up in Penghu around 1281, and Han Chinese people were recorded to have visited Taiwan. Yuan emperor Kublai Khan sent officials to the Ryukyu Kingdom in 1292 to demand its loyalty to the Yuan dynasty, but the officials ended up in Taiwan and mistook it for Ryukyu. After three soldiers were killed, the delegation immediately retreated to Quanzhou in China. Another expedition was sent in 1297. The Chinese pirates Lin Daoqian and Lin Feng visited Taiwan in 1563 and 1574 respectively. Lin Daoqian was a Hakka pirate from Chaozhou who was chased out of Fujian in 1563 by Ming naval forces led by Yu Dayou and fled to Beigang in southwestern Taiwan. He left the next year to ravage the mainland and stayed active in the region until 1578 when he left for Southeast Asia. Lin Feng moved his pirate forces to Wankan (in modern Chiayi County) in Taiwan on 3 November 1574 and used it as a base to launch raids. They left for Penghu after being attacked by natives and the Ming navy dislodged them from their bases. He later returned to Wankan on 27 December 1575 but left for Southeast Asia after losing a naval encounter with Ming forces on 15 January 1576. The pirate Yan Siqi also used Taiwan as a base.	2.921875
75583101	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matucana%20rebutiiflora	Matucana rebutiiflora	Matucana rebutiiflora is a species of cactus in the subfamily Cactoideae, native to Peru. Description Matucana rebutiiflora displays a spherical shape in a medium-green color, reaching a diameter of up to and forms compact clusters of stems with a substantial taproot. As the plant matures, it develops 9-12 ribs, and their number increases over time. These ribs are segmented into well-defined tubercles, separated by horizontal groove. Areoles are circular with whitish felt and measuring in diameter and spaced approximately apart. The plant has up to six radial spines, each extending up to , accompanied by a central spine reaching long. Spines are initially brownish and later fading to white, are mostly straight with a slight curve. The flower of Matucana rebutiiflora measures in length, opens to a width of , and displays a red hue with a hint of violet, featuring a prominent white base on the inside. The fruit, approximately 1.7 x , starts off green and undergoes a darkening process as it ages. Distribution Two populations of plants were found in Department of Ancash of Peru, near Sihuas city, at elevations of 3100 meters. Taxonomy This species was discovered in November 2012 and described in Bradleya in 2013.	2.34375
75583402	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enn%20Tarvel	Enn Tarvel	Enn Tarvel (until 1939 Enn Treiberg; July 31, 1932 – September 22, 2021) was an Estonian historian. Early life and education Enn Tarvel was born in the village of Metsiku, where he also grew up, the son of Valdek Tarvel (né Treiberg; 1882–?) and Emilie Tarvel (née Kuulberg; 1896–?). His uncle was the historian Peeter Tarvel. He attended the seven-year school in Annikvere and Rakvere Estonian High School (later renamed Rakvere High School No. 1), where he graduated in 1950 with a silver medal. He then started studying at Tartu State University's Faculty of History and Languages, and he graduated from the university in 1955 in general history. His thesis was on the history of England. He then worked at the Inter-District Local History Museum in Tartu and also gave lectures at Tartu State University. In 1957, he enrolled in a graduate program in Tallinn, and in 1961 he defended his thesis in history on the relations between the Estonian peasantry and the state estates during the Polish era, broadly discussing the entire Polish era in Estonia in the 16th and 17th centuries. The Russian translation of his thesis was published as a separate book in 1965 (with 1964 printed on the title page). In 1962, he began writing a doctoral dissertation on peasant taxation and land use, which he defended in 1971. His dissertation was published as a book in 1972 under the title Adramaa: Eesti talurahva maakasutuse ja maksustuse alused 13.–19. sajandil (: The Foundations of Estonian Peasant Land Use and Taxation in the Thirteenth to Nineteenth Centuries).	1.960938
75583447	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leucostele%20tunariensis	Leucostele tunariensis	Leucostele tunariensis is a species of columnar cactus native to South America. Description Leucostele tunariensis exhibits a columnar growth pattern, branching from the base and attaining heights between 2 and 3 meters. The green shoots are club-shaped to cylindrical, with a diameter of up to 12 centimeters and 16 to 21 sharp-edged ribs. Gray oval areoles, spaced about 1 centimeter apart, decorate these ribs, each bearing approximately 17 spines ranging from 0.5 to 6 centimeters. Notably, these spines lack differentiation into central and peripheral categories, with some pointing downwards. The plant produces funnel-shaped, pink to red flowers near the shoot tips that bloom at night. These flowers measure 15 to 17 centimeters in length and have a diameter ranging from 12 to 15 centimeters. Another distinctive feature is the spherical, green fruits, with a diameter of 5 centimeters and a length of up to 4 centimeters. Distribution Leucostele tunariensis is native to the Cochabamba department in Bolivia, specifically in the Cercado province on Cerro Tunari at elevations between 3000 and 3800 meters. Taxonomy Martín Cárdenas initially described the species as Trichocereus tunariensis in 1959, with the species name "tunariensis" denoting its presence on Cerro Tunari in Bolivia. In 2012, Boris O. Schlumpberger reclassified the species into the genus Leucostele. Additional nomenclatural synonym include Echinopsis tunariensis (Cárdenas) H. Friedrich & G. D. Rowley (1974).	2.359375
75583697	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DenkOrt%20Deportationen%201941%E2%80%931944	DenkOrt Deportationen 1941–1944	DenkOrt Deportationen 1941–1944 is a Holocaust memorial in Würzburg, Germany, commemorating the deportation of Jews from Würzburg and from the 109 surrounding communities in Lower Franconia where Jews once lived. Dedicated on 17 June 2020, the sculptural installation, located in front of Würzburg Hauptbahnhof (the central train station), is composed of stylized suitcases, rucksacks, bundles, and blanket rolls, all crafted from locally sourced stone, wood, or metal and mounted on low plinths. The abandoned luggage symbolizes the loss and disappearance of Jews under the Nazis. Efforts to create the memorial were led by Benita Stolz, who served on Würzburg's City Council 1990-2020, together with Dr. Josef Schuster, a physician and president since 2014 of the Central Council of Jews in Germany (Zentralrat der Juden in Deutschland), and a past president of the Jewish Community in Würzburg. Local historians and community representatives also participated in planning the memorial, designed by artist Matthias Braun. The deportations on Holocaust trains from Würzburg and a nearby freight station were part of the Nazi regime's "Final Solution." Between 1941 and 1944, some 2,069 Jews were deported. Didactic panels, illustrated with archival photographs of deportees and their belongings, provide information about the deportations. Each piece of luggage has a "twin" that is to be installed in one of the surrounding towns as a further extension of the memorial, and QR codes attached to the luggage take visitors to a website to learn about the Jewish population and history of each town. DenkOrt Deportationen 1941–1944 has become a gathering place for Holocaust remembrance events, such as the anniversary of the first Würzburg deportations on 27 November 1941. It has also been targeted by vandals.	2.6875
75583762	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myriam%20Bat-Yosef	Myriam Bat-Yosef	Myriam Bat-Yosef ( Marion Hellerman, also known as María Jósefsdóttir; January 31, 1931 – October 8, 2023) was an Israeli-Icelandic artist. Early life and education Born in Berlin, Bat-Yosef relocated to Jaffa, Palestine, in 1934 with her parents, Yosef, a Haganah member, and Godda Promnick, a beautician. She moved to Paris with her mother following her father's death in 1936. In 1942, she changed her name to Myriam Bat-Yosef, reflecting her Israeli heritage. The outbreak of World War II led to their return to Tel Aviv. Bat-Yosef was educated at the Avni Institute of Art and Design in Tel Aviv and later at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris. She married the Icelandic artist Erró, which introduced her to Icelandic landscapes and further influenced her artistic style. She exhibited in Iceland under the name María Jósefsdóttir. Career Her professional career included exhibitions in various countries, notably a 1963 exhibition at the National Museum of Iceland in Reykjavík. Her marriage ended in 1964, after which she incorporated Hebrew themes into her artwork. A notable exhibition of her work took place at the Sydow Gallery in Frankfurt in 1964, marking a significant post-war event for Israeli art in Germany. Her response to the Six-Day War in 1967 was showcased in a New York exhibition featuring painted sculptures and drawings. In the 1970s, Bat-Yosef's work continued to evolve, with significant installations like "Hell and Paradise" at the Israel Museum in Jerusalem in 1971. Disillusioned with Israeli politics, Bat-Yosef resettled in Paris in 1980. Her work from this period, such as "Antiracism" (1980), is noted for its distinctive style and thematic content. Her final major exhibition was "Désir" in 2018 at the Maison Nationale des Artistes, Nogent-sur-Marne.	2.03125
75583977	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leucostele%20pectinifera	Leucostele pectinifera	Leucostele pectinifera is a species of Leucostele found in Chile. Description Leucostele pectinifera can grow up to 80 cm tall, featuring approximately 15 branches, some of which are arched and have a 5 cm diameter. The stems display 10-11 ribs, measuring 2 cm wide, and exhibit obovate to round areoles, each 2-3 mm high and 0.7-1.2 cm wide, with yellow and gray tones. There are four central spines, varying in length from 1.5 to 6 cm. Some possess a dark brown tip, others have a green base and brown tip, while some are light gray with a brown tip, conforming to an arched configuration. Additionally, the areoles have 12-15 light brown radial spines, measuring 2 cm in length. The flowers of this species are covered in black wool. The fruits, measure 3 cm in length and 4.5 cm in diameter, are enriched with subulate scales, each 3 mm in size and abundant in brown and gray color hairs emerging from the axils. Distribution Leucostele pectinifera is native to Chile, specifically in Region IV of Coquimbo, and can be found at altitudes ranging from sea level to 500 meters. Taxonomy The species is named after the pectinate distribution of radial spines in adult areoles.	2.28125
75584062	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leucostele%20undulosa	Leucostele undulosa	Leucostele undulosa is a species of Leucostele found in Chile. Description Leucostele undulosa has a columnar growth habit, achieving a height of up to and a trunk diameter of . Its dark green branches, measuring 15 centimeters in diameter, feature stems with 20 ribs and obovate gray areoles, each high and in diameter. Within these areoles, 3-4 central spines, measuring in length, exhibit a white hue with brown markings, accompanied by 12 radial spines measuring in length, displaying a spectrum from dark green to white with brown spots. This plant produces 3–10 subapical white flowers, measuring in length and in diameter. The green fruits, in diameter and long, feature abundant axillary gray hairs. Notably, Leucostele undulosa is similar to Leucostele skottsbergii but stands out with its darker green branches, more ribs, a thicker and different color spines. Distribution Indigenous to Coquimbo, Chile, this species is found at altitudes of , specifically in low scrub areas and on rocks alongside Puya species. Taxonomy The nomenclature of this species is based on the undulating shape of its ribs, producing a tuberculate appearance.	2.296875
75584211	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arturo%20Triangi%20di%20Maderno%20e%20Laces	Arturo Triangi di Maderno e Laces	Political career A political crisis developed in the Boselli government in 1917 over the exceptionally high shipping losses Italy was suffering as a result of Imperial German Navy submarine activity, seriously disrupting the country's war industries. The Minister of the Nayvy, Camillo Corsi, resigned and Thaon di Revel lobbied for Triangi to replace him. Triangi was appointed in his place on 16 June 1917 and a few days later was also made a senator of the Kingdom of Italy. His period in office lasted only a matter of weeks. During a closed-door meeting in the Chamber of Deputies, he argued that the crisis in maritime transport could not easily be resolved, because the April 1917 entry of the United States into the war was placing significant new demands on merchant shipping, meaning less was available for Italian use. News of his pessimistic views reached the press, fueling public anxiety about shortages. Shaken by the incident, Triangi's health began to suffer, prompting him to resign on 15 July 1917. He also wrote to Count Giuseppe Manfredi, president of the Senate, offering resign his seat there too as he had been so briefly in office, but his offer was not accepted. After his resignation, Triangi returned to the position of deputy chief of staff to Thaon di Revel. On 26 August 1918 he was promoted to vice admiral of the naval reserve, a rank he retained until he left the general staff on 16 September 1918 and was placed in reserve. By ministerial decree of 8 April 1925 he was elevated to Conte di Maderno e Laces ("Count of Maderno and Laces") and on 16 September 1926 he was granted the rank of admiral in the naval reserve. His marriage to Lucia Misserly produced the children Anna Maddalena, Corrado and Sabina. Honours	2.390625
75584750	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danuwar%20people	Danuwar people	The Danuwar are an ethnic group indigenous to the inner Terai regions of Nepal. They speak Danwar language. Danuwars can be found throughout the hills and Terai regions of central and eastern Nepal but they mainly reside in Sindhuli and Udayapur district. They have close physical and cultural similarities with Tharus of Terai. There are various sub groups largely Rajhan, Kachhade, Rai-Danuwar and Tharu Danuwar. Etymology The word Danuwar is thought to be derived from the word 'Duna' which means leaves plates and people consuming food in it were later called Danuwar. Another theory suggest that it is derived from the Sanskrit Dronibar which signifies the plain land between the confluences of two rivers situated in the laps of the two hills. Language Danuwar people speak Danwar language (also known as Danwari) which is close to Bote-Darai and Tharu languages. According to the census of 2011, there were a total of 46,000 who considered Danuwar as their mother tongue. Religion Danuwar people consider themselves as Nature worshippers. However many follow Hinduism and some even wear 'sacred thread' like the Brahmins.	2.71875
75584828	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shrine%20of%20Prophet%20Hud%20and%20Salih	Shrine of Prophet Hud and Salih	The Shrine of Prophet Hud and Salih (Arabic: مقام النبي هود وصالح) is a shrine located in the Wadi-us-Salaam cemetery in Najaf, Iraq. It is believed by locals to contain the tombs of Hud and Salih, two Prophets revered by all Muslims. History The shrine was originally built by the cleric Moḥammad Mahdī Baḥr al-ʿUlūm in the 18th century. This original structure was made of stone brick with chalk. At the same time, some narrations from Shi'ite books reported the existence of graves for Prophets Hud and Salih. During the Iraqi Revolt, the British troops entered the Wadi-us-Salaam cemetery, and the shrine was desecrated on the 17th of October, in 1917. A year later, in the years 1918 until 1919, the shrine was repaired and given extensive renovations. With the assistance of Iranian companies, the dome of the shrine received new tilework. In 2018, a new foundation stone was laid for a reconstruction of the shrine. The reconstruction was approved by the head of the Shiite Endowment Office, the main director of the Holy Shrines Department and other governmental positions exclusive to Najaf. The current head of the Shiite Endowment Office, Ala’ al-Mussawi, confirmed that a bigger and more decorated shrine would replace the old structure.	2.296875
75585206	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line%2051%20%28Amsterdam%20Metro%29	Line 51 (Amsterdam Metro)	The area where the lines were supposed to be installed was undeveloped despite the cancellation in 1975. In 1978, the municipality of Amstelveen announced that it would not take a metro line into account anymore, but that it was positive about a ('high-speed tram' or 'express tram'). This was the result of a compromise between the municipalities of Amstelveen and Amsterdam; Amstelveen initially wanted a full metro, while this was still politically controversial in Amsterdam. In the summer of 1979, both municipalities announced their support for an express tram line from Amsterdam Zuid station to Amstelveen with 13 stations. In September, the municipality of Amstelveen unexpectedly voted against the line, leading to more discussions. Amstelveen opposed because they claimed the tram line would not be faster or an improvement over the busses already running, and asked for more frequent busses instead. In November, the Ministry of Transport and Water Management announced that it would only support the express tram if it was extended to Amsterdam Centraal station instead of ending at Zuid, resulting in less transfers.	2.046875
75585211	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate%20change%20in%20Lesotho	Climate change in Lesotho	Lesotho is a country in southern Africa that is already experiencing the negative effects of climate change, including increased frequency of extreme weather, such as droughts, increased rates of soil erosion and desertification, and reduced soil fertility. Lesotho is a landlocked country that is particularly vulnerable to the negative impacts of climate variability and changes in water and food security, as well as adverse conditions to health, human settlements, and the energy sector. The high aridity in Lesotho, coupled with periods of severe drought, exacerbates the loss of biological diversity, degradation of rangelands, and decreased crop and animal productivity due to desertification. These challenges contribute to the country's rising vulnerability. Greenhouse gas emissions Climate Trace has estimated greenhouse gas emissions for Lesotho in 2022 at 2.62 million tonnes, with about half from agriculture, As the population of Lesotho is about 2.2 million this is about 1.2 tonnes a year per person, which is well below the world average of about 6.5 tonnes. The official estimate for 2017 totalled 5.66 million tonnes, which is also well below the world average per person. Climatology The country has cold winters and hot summers. The average temperature ranges from 0 °C to 30 °C, depending on the altitude. Lesotho is likely to become generally hotter and drier across projected future climates. Impacts on key sectors Lesotho’s key sectors such as agriculture, water, energy, and health are vulnerable to climate change. Agriculture	3.046875
75585211	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate%20change%20in%20Lesotho	Climate change in Lesotho	The agriculture sector is the backbone of Lesotho’s economy and is highly vulnerable to climate change. The sector is already facing climate vulnerabilities with drought, floods, pests, and extreme temperatures occurring more frequently. Food security in Lesotho has been called precarious. Only 30% of maize, which is the main staple food, is grown in the country. The predominantly rainfed agriculture makes Lesotho susceptible to the adverse effects of drought. To meet the domestic food demand, Lesotho relies on imports of maize from its neighboring country South Africa. The prices of maize in Lesotho are strongly influenced by the prices in South Africa. Given the proximity between the two countries, a drought affecting Lesotho is likely to have an impact on South Africa as well. This would lead to reduced production in both countries. This scenario has occurred in the past, such as in 2007 when the most severe drought ever recorded by satellites affected both Lesotho and South Africa simultaneously. Consequently, the drought resulted in crop failures in both countries, leading to a significant decline in maize exports to Lesotho.	2.828125
75585387	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shang%20dynasty%20religious%20practitioners	Shang dynasty religious practitioners	Inscriptions by two diviners Huang and Chu have been used to infer a ritual schedule employed during the last reigns of the Shang. The 'wu' and shamanism The hosting ritual commonly carried out by the king is a point of academic contention about shamanism in Shang religion. Some scholars understand the hosting ritual to have featured the kings as ceremonial hosts uniquely equipped to "hear" the spiritual messages in religious events. There was also a ritual whose graph depicts a figureassumed as the Shang king himselfdressed with a ghost head mask and kneeling in front of an ancestral altar. Some assert that this the king desired to invoke the spirits through this, and that it was also his exclusive right to carry it out. He might use materials such as wine and grass bundles to accompany him in this trance-like act. Oracle bone inscriptions record instances in which the king engaged in invocative ceremonies, as demonstrated by the two examples below: Kwang-chih Chang and fellow proponents strongly endorse the theory that the ritual must be shamanic, while others argue that the ritual did not involve the king immersed in ecstasy and spirit commingling and was thus non-shamanic.	2.1875
75585387	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shang%20dynasty%20religious%20practitioners	Shang dynasty religious practitioners	The prince frequently reported to Ancestress Geng about his sickness and dreams; if exorcism was necessary, it would be performed to this ancestress together with the prince's great-grandmother Ji. Other ancestral deities revered by the Huayuanzhuang entourage include 'Ancestor Yi' (Xiao Yi), 'Ancestor Jia' (Yang Jia), 'Ancestor Xin' (Xiao Xin), 'Ancestor Geng' (Pan Geng), and 'Ancestor Ding' (Zu Ding). All these spirits were well known through Wu Ding's own royal divinations and spanned through two generations. A particular spirit he worshipped was probably not an ancestor but rather his own son, who died early. It also appears that the prince, while worshipping many common ancestors with the royal schools, rarely paid attention to the Predynastic ancestors as well as spirits of nature like Yue and He. The patron himself personally acted as diviner in twenty-six different inscriptions, which is a unique feature since King Wu Ding as a contemporary almost never conducted such a practice. In many rituals he appeared to make a prayer. Sometimes he would personally preside over an exorcism to ensure safety to his staff. Although he entrusted many people to conduct sacrifices on his behalf, in some occasions he directly made sacrifices to the spirits, as one text indicates:	1.976563
75585387	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shang%20dynasty%20religious%20practitioners	Shang dynasty religious practitioners	Throughout the late Shang dynastic course when written materials came in abundance, several distinct scribal groups existed and often intermingled. Their style, calligraphy and inscriptional contents are comparably different. 20th century Chinese scholars, most prominently Dong Zuobin, divided the diviners into two groups referred to as the 'Old School' and the 'New School'. According to Dong's periodization, since the religious reforms commissioned by Zu Jia during the 12th century BCE, these two groups had experienced periods of high activity alternating with times in which they were not favored. The Old School diviners used to work under Wu Ding and Zu Geng, but later replaced by the New School established by Zu Jia. Dong contended that the succeeding reigns were characterized by interchanging employment of either school, ending with the last two kings Di Yi and Di Xin returning to the New School. Dong also identified major distinctions between the two groups, including calendar recording, writing styles, divination topics, and even the materials selected for divination. Although the theory has once been prevalent among academics, it has recently been challenged by alternatives. During the Zhou dynasty Around 1046 BCE, the Shang dynasty collapsed, and a new Zhou dynasty commenced its course. The early Western Zhou period () kept the old Shang religious practices by revering Shang spirits. Early Zhou oracle bones found in Zhouyuan contain inscriptions concerning Di Yi, one of the last Shang kings who used to be worshipped by the Shang people.	2.71875
75585387	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shang%20dynasty%20religious%20practitioners	Shang dynasty religious practitioners	The Book of Documents also refers to a quote by Yi Yin, who was a chief minister of Tang, when he counsels the young new king Tai Jia after Tang's own death. Yi Yin purportedly made a remark about Tang: Other than that, the ancient Chinese tradition additionally say of later Shang kings who were given counsels by their ministers. Such a literary example is the Book of Documents chapter 'Day of the Supplementary Sacrifice to Gaozong'. According to the narrative, the Shang king, assumed to be Wu Ding, was carrying out a ritual honoring Tang when a wild pheasant was spotted on a sacrificial vessel. The king interpreted it as a negative sign from the gods, but his eldest son Zu Ji remonstrated with him, counselling him to carry out religious reforms by reducing offerings to Shang ancestral spirits, as to correct the meaning of sacrifices. Zu Ji's speech was recorded in the Book of Documents: Traditional texts refer to a minister of Wu Ding named Fu Yue, who criticized the Shang king's excessive sacrificial rituals. In Fu's counsels given to his king, too much sacrifices would be harmful and counterproductive, as they were not respectful to the spirits, and therefore brought disorder. The Book of Documents obliquely mentions Shang pyromancy, with a reference to Pan Geng lauding those who did not "presumptuously oppose the decision of the tortoise". The last Shang king, Di Xin, was described by the Zhou dynasty as a ruler who completely neglected religious affairs, especially sacrifices. The Zhou identified this as a reason for the Shang's demise. This is demonstrated by a Book of Documents chapter titled 'The Speech at Mu':	2.078125
75586062	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chungdong%20First%20Methodist%20Church	Chungdong First Methodist Church	Chungdong First Methodist Church () is a historic church in Jeong-dong, Jung District, Seoul, South Korea. The church claims a number of historic firsts within Korea. It is the first Methodist church and one of the earliest Protestant churches, as its congregation (albeit in a different building) was founded on October 11, 1885. In Korea, the church performed the first Methodist baptism on July 24, 1887, started the first Christian women's group in 1889, had the first pipe organ, and built the first Western-style chapel. The church's first building was built in 1897, and is the oldest extant church in Korea, as well as the only one originally built during the 19th century. The church was founded by American missionary Henry Appenzeller. In September 1887, he purchased a small hanok (traditional Korean house) to house the church, and deemed the building "Bethel Chapel". As the congregation grew, the church leadership decided to construct a larger building. The groundbreaking ceremony was held on September 9, 1895, with notable Korean leaders Soh Kwang-pom and Yun Chi-ho present. A dedication service was held for the new building on December 26, 1897, which they also dubbed "Bethel Chapel". The church was expanded in 1926, changing from a cruciform (cross-shaped) church to a rectangular building. The newspaper served as the headquarters for several early publications in Korea, and was host to the Trilingual Press publisher. Publications include Tongnip sinmun (first private newspaper in Korea), The Korean Christian Advocate (first Christian newspaper in Korea), The Christian News, and The Korean Repository (first English-language monthly magazine). The church acquired the first privately-owned printing press in Korea for these publications. The architecture is a simplified American gothic style, with arched window frames. Bethel Chapel was made Historic Site of South Korea No. 277 in 1977.	2
75586104	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waitaki%20Dam	Waitaki Dam	Despite these additions, Professor Hörnell was not completely satisfied and his last communication with the Minister of Public Works was to disclaim any responsibility for any future troubles that might occur. Nevertheless, his visit to Waitaki had the significant result of introducing New Zealand engineers to the problem of dealing with water under pressure within the actual structure of a dam. Concern over the possibility of uplift forces on the base of the dam has persisted: further measures to alleviate this issue were introduced in the early 1960s when anchoring cables were drilled from the dam crest into the foundation rock, and again in 2016 when drainage holes were drilled in the foundation of the dam. Geology The Ahuriri, Ōhau, Pukaki and Tekapo rivers rise in glaciated catchments which feed the Waitaki River. These tributaries flow from the Mackenzie Basin into Lake Benmore before forming the Waitaki River. Several bedrock gorges, separated by small tectonic basins, lie beneath the string of artificial lakes (Benmore, Aviemore, Waitaki) occupying the middle reaches of the fault-controlled Waitaki Valley. Downstream of Kurow, the valley widens to a plain, with paired alluvial terraces on either side of a braided river channel. At the Waitaki Dam, the Waitaki River occupies a fault-angle depression between the greywacke of South Canterbury and the schist of North Otago. The valley fill comprises a sequence of Quaternary river and glacial outwash gravels that overlies Upper Tertiary sedimentary strata, which in turn overlies the Mesozoic basement.	2.359375
75586269	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nymphaea%20francae	Nymphaea francae	Nymphaea francae is a species of waterlily endemic to Brazil. Description Vegetative characteristics Nymphaea francae is an aquatic herb. It has ovoid tubers, which are not stoloniferous. The floating leaves have 5–7.2 mm wide, greenish-brown, pubescent to glabrescent petioles with four primary central, and four secondary peripheral air canals. The leaf blade is ovate and has an entire, flat margin. It has actinodromous leaf venation. Generative characteristics The nocturnal flowers float on the water surface. They have a pubescent to glabrescent, non-brittle, greenish-brown peduncle with six central primary and twelve secondary peripheral air canals. The petals are white. Reproduction Vegetative reproduction Both stolons and proliferating pseudanthia are absent. Generative reproduction Neither fruits nor seeds have been observed. Taxonomy It was first described by C.T.Lima and Ana Maria Giulietti in 2021. Type specimen The type specimen was collected by C.T. Lima and L. Lima in a lagoon on Bananal Island in the Tocantins, Brazil at a depth of 1−3 m. It is only known from the type material. Placement within Nymphaea It is placed in Nymphaea subg. Hydrocallis. Etymology The specific epithet francae honours Prof. Dr. Flávio França of the State University of Feira de Santana, Brazil. Ecology Habitat It occurs in aquatic habitats of the central Brazilian Savanna.	2.359375
75586365	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lilo%20Fromm	Lilo Fromm	Lilo Fromm (27 December 1928 – 19 June 2023) was a German artist and children's book illustrator. She illustrated more than 250 books during her life. In 1967, her illustrations for the book The Golden Bird won the Deutscher Jugendliteraturpreis. Biography Fromm was born on 27 December 1928 in Berlin, Germany. She grew up in Berlin, and while she was young, she also lived in East Prussia and on the North Sea. She was educated in Berlin, Munich, Freiburg, and Hamburg. She began her career in commercial art and advertising, including designing paper goods and book covers. She was a freelance artist in the 1950s, and turned to illustrating children's books mainly during the 1960s and 1970s. In 1957 in Germany, her first children's book illustrations were published by Georg Lentz Verlag. She co-published her first children's book with her friend and author, Gisela Bonsels. She illustrated the children's book Das Mondgesicht (1960), which was a runner-up for the Hans Christian Andersen Award in 1962. In 1967, her illustrations for the book The Golden Bird won the Deutscher Jugendliteraturpreis and the Bratislava Gold Medal. She also illustrated the book Uncle Harry (1972), which won a Children's Book Showcase title in 1973. In 1965, Fromm moved to Provence, France. She lived there until she moved back to Germany in 2016. Fromm gave many of her illustrations to the International Youth Library, where her work is held in their collection. She died on 19 June 2023 in Hamburg, Germany, at the age of 94. Style of artwork The majority of Fromm's children's book illustrations were made in a painterly style, which was in contrast to the graphic art style of most German picture book artists during the 1960s. Her work was colorful, and she worked with crayon and painted washes. Some of her work was created with black ink illustrations, such as the book Muffel and Plums.	2.296875
75586499	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mat%20Luxton	Mat Luxton	Mat Luxton (February 27, 1844January 22, 1924), formally James Madison Luxton, was a Confederate-aligned guerrilla and Texas deputy sheriff in the 19th-century United States. American Civil War J. M. Luxton, age 18 at enlistment, was a younger half-brother of Nathan Bedford Forrest by their mother's second marriage. Luxton was described as "notorious" in at least two histories. The label guerrilla may be disputed; U.S. Army general Don Buell later told a military commission investigating his strategic decisions in 1862, "I object to this term 'guerrillas' as applied to these troops. They are as much troops as any in the rebel service. I think there is a difference between the cavalry of Morgan, Forrest, and Starnes, and what we understand by 'guerrillas.' I know of no reason for giving them a character which does not belong to them, for they are not 'guerrillas' in the proper sense of that term." Further to the point, another historian writes, "Given the fact that, North and South, the vast majority of the combatants were civilians in uniform, such a point may seem a distinction without a difference. As the noted military historian J. F. C. Fuller, observed, 'The Federal soldier was semi-regular and Confederate semi-guerrilla.'" Whether Mat Luxton was a cavalry raider or a guerrilla—defined as "small bands of unorganized bushwhackers"was seemingly decided in the affirmative by a court of 1865, but may have been a fluid situation during the course of the war. As of April 1865 Luxton was reportedly leading a band of "about 20." In May 1865, Gen. Washburn ordered that he be "disposed of by drumhead court-martial" if he was captured.	2.015625
75586540	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neora%20Even-Zahav	Neora Even-Zahav	Neora Even-Zahav (, born 11 October 1947) is a former Israeli Paralympic competitor in para-athletics, archery and wheelchair basketball. Biography Even-Zhava, née Helsinger, was born in Bucharest and emigrated with her family to Mandatory Palestine at the age of four months, arriving only after detention at the Cyprus internment camps. At the age of eight she contracted polio and in 1961 she joined the Israel Sports Center for the Disabled. At the Stoke Mandeville Games of 1965 she won a gold medal in wheelchair dash tournament. She also won two bronze medals for wheelchair fencing and for para swimming. As a member of the national women's wheelchair basketball team she took part in the 1968 Summer Paralympics, the 1984 Summer Paralympics and the 1988 Summer Paralympics. In 1968 she also competed in archery and in para-athletics, winning two silver medals and one bronze medal in various wheelchair race events (wheelchair dash, slalom and in wheelchair relay race alongside Batia Mishani, Shoshana Sharabi and Geula Siri). Family Her father Moshe Helsinger was a player of Maccabi București. In 1967 she married Paralympic athlete Israel Even-Zahav.	1.929688
75587493	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flat%20rack%20container	Flat rack container	A flat rack container is a shipping container with two end walls, but without side walls and roof. Some flat racks can also be equipped with pillars. Flat rack containers are also available as stake containers with and without end walls. There are flat racks in the standard sizes 20′ or 40′, and also in the dimensions of high cube containers. They are used for transport goods that exceed the dimensions of ISO containers. The load, in most cases boxes, is secured on the flat rack. The static payload of 40′ flat rack containers is 50,000 kg in newer designs, which is why flat rack containers are often used as so-called “artificial decks” on full container ships to transport large and heavy machine parts. Since the tare weight of a flat rack is generally lower than that of a standard container, they allow higher cargo weight. However, there is a high risk of damage to the cargo during shipping compared to fully closed containers. This risk is partially mitigated by placing flat decks in the cargo hold of a ship, or with closed containers used as protective barriers on the sides. Some flat racks can be folded when empty, allowing five units to be stacked in the space of one regular container. The ends may also be folded to hold over-length cargo or to serve as a ramp. Shipping companies charge surcharges for the freight costs, and a fee is also charged for the use of the flat rack itself, these costs are included in the freight rate. Flat racks, open top containers and reefer containers are also called special equipment, as the shipping rate are higher than those of standard containers. The empty flat racks are usually only available in the seaports. In order to be loaded at inland ports, a transfer rate is applicable.	2.375

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