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75938657
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahram%20Mirza%20Album
|
Bahram Mirza Album
|
The Bahram Mirza Album is the art collection of the Safavid prince Bahram Mirza Safavi, compiled by Dust Mohammad Haravi between 1543 and 1545. Kept in the Topkapı Palace in Istanbul since the second half of the 16th-century, it appears to have had a significant influence on Safavid Iran's perception of a unique Persian artistic style. It includes works by various distinguished artists such as Kamal ud-Din Behzad, Ahmad Musa, Abd al-Hayy, Jafar Tabrizi, Sultan Ali Mashhadi, Shah Mahmud Nishapuri, and Anisi. The double-spread introduction of the album, which is typically devoted to court portraits, features an image of Ali, further emphasizing the Safavids' spiritual heritage from him. In the preface, Ali is referred to as the "first Islamic painter". The album also contains numerous Chinese paintings, which is not specifically mentioned in the preamble.
Safavid writers and artists most likely learned about the Chinese art from artworks that had arrived in Iran several decades earlier, as there were very few cross-cultural exchanges of art items between China and Iran during the reign of Shah Tahmasp I ().
| 2.28125
| 0
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75938727
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prahlad%20Karmakar
|
Prahlad Karmakar
|
Prahlad Karmakar (Bengali: প্রহ্লাদ কর্মকার) (1900-1946) was an Indian painter of the 20th century. He was born in the year 1900 in the village of Bikrampur in the then undivided Bengal. In 1925 he was the first artist to set up a studio in Calcutta with facilities for the study of 'nude' art. His paintings are in the collections of the Government College of Art and Craft, the Academy of Fine Arts, Kolkata, the Department of Information under the Government of West Bengal, the Indian Museum in Kolkata and the Delhi Art Gallery. Karmakar's works are also within the list of the individual collections of Lady Wellington, Dr. Bhabani Charan Law family of Kolkata, Lord Lytton and the Pramatha Chaudhury.
Karmakar was a student of the Government College of Art and Craft, Calcutta. His son Prokash Karmakar was also a painter. One of his most prominent students was mother of pearl artist Manu Munshi. Artist Karmakar received the Academy of Fine Arts Award in Calcutta (for All India Art Exhibition). He was also received a silver medal at the San Francisco International Art Exhibition in 1939. In 1943, Karmakar won the bronze medal with merit at the Art Exhibition held in San Francisco. He was working as a Senior Professor in the Department of Advertising at the Government College of Art and Craft. He died in 1946 at the age of 46.
| 2.28125
| 0
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75938796
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutilus%20stoumboudae
|
Rutilus stoumboudae
|
Rutilus stoumboudae is a species of freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae. It is found only in Greece, in Lake Volvi and is a lacustrine species adapted to still water. It is named for Maria Stoumboudi, in honour of her research on the ecology and conservation of the freshwater fishes of Greece.
Description
Rutilus stoumboudae grows to a maximum size of , and can distinguished from its congener R. rutilus by having 16-17 total gill rakers (vs. 13–14) and an average of 9 branched rays (vs. 10 in R. rutilus) in both the dorsal and anal fins, from a total of 11-12 and 12 soft rays, respectively. It can be diagnosed from R. pigus by the absence of nuptial tubercles, and having 39-43 scales on the lateral line (vs. 46–51) and 8-9 branched rays in the anal fin (vs. 9–11)
Taxonomy and systematics
Rutilus stoumboudae was described as a distinct species in 2014.
In a 2017 phylogeographic study, it was argued that the Ponto-Caspian taxa including R. caspicus, R. heckelii and R. stoumboudae could represent a single widespread species whose range would extend to Siberia, to be named R. lacustris.
| 2.5625
| 0
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75939156
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege%20of%20the%20TA%20Ranch
|
Siege of the TA Ranch
|
The New York Times reported that twenty Invaders tried to escape behind a fusillade, but the posse beat them back and killed three to five. With the situation becoming desperate, one of the Invaders, Mike Shonsey, managed to slip out and run to get help. At that time, the posse tried to break the stalemate. They first attempted to borrow a cannon from nearby Fort McKinney but was rejected. A blacksmith named Rap Brown tried to make his own cannon but it blew up. Nonetheless, he made a large bullet resistant wagon called the "Ark of Safety", which would hopefully allow a select group of homesteaders to get close and chuck dynamite at the ranch.
Before that could happen, Mike Shonsey finally telegraphed their allies in the government. The telegram read:
Governor Barber and President Benjamin Harrison sent the 6th Cavalry from Fort McKinney, led by Colonel J.J. Van Horn, to stop the siege. The cavalry negotiated with Angus, and took custody of Wolcott and the Invaders, ending the battle.
Aftermath
The Invaders and the homesteaders went through a long and lengthy persecution, which ended favorably for the former. Skirmishes continued until 1893, but many of the cattle barons left the area and never bothered the homesteaders again.
In other media
The siege was depicted in many literature, films, shows, and even a song about the Johnson County War. It was first recorded in a book by Asa Mercer entitled The Banditti of the Plains. It was then depicted in the 1980 movie Heaven's Gate, and in documentaries like History Channel's Vendettas and American Heroes Channel's Blood Feuds. Singer Chris LeDoux also mentioned the siege in the song "Johnson County War" in 1989.
| 1.921875
| 0
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75939340
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20French%20%28footballer%29
|
Thomas French (footballer)
|
Thomas French was an amateur English footballer, who won the FA Cup with Old Etonians in 1882, playing as a full-back.
Family background
French was the son of Frederic French, rector of St Mary's Church in Worlingworth, Suffolk. He was educated at Eton College, where he was a King's Scholar, earning the Prince Consort prize for excellence in German in 1875. He played in the cricket first XI in 1878 and as a Colleger in the St Andrew's Day Wall Game in 1877 and 1878, the Collegers winning both times, by 10 and 9 shies to nil respectively.
He went up to Merton College, Oxford in 1879, graduating in 1883.
Football career
His first competitive football came in the 1879–80 FA Cup, representing Oxford University in the first round against Great Marlow, against Birmingham in the second (in which his back play was particularly praised), and the Royal Engineers in both the semi-final and the replay.
Despite playing a conspicuous part in the Cup run, French did not (yet) get his Blue, and, having missed out on the final, for the 1880–81 FA Cup he switched allegiance to the Old Etonians. He was almost an ever-present in the side, which reached the final, in which the Old Carthusians easily beat the Etonians.
In the 1881–82 FA Cup, he played for the Etonians in every round except for the fourth round win over Maidenhead, and his "grand kicking" in the final was a major factor in the Etonians beating Blackburn Rovers by the only goal; a strong French shoulder-charge on Geoffrey Avery put the smaller forward out of the game for ten minutes.
French was also a regular in the following season's competition, and was considered the second-best of the Etonians in the final (after Arthur Kinnaird), but the Etonians lost to Blackburn Olympic, and no amateur side has reached the final since.
| 2.0625
| 0
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75939502
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Why%20Do%20the%20Heathen%20Rage%3F%20%28novel%29
|
Why Do the Heathen Rage? (novel)
|
Why Do the Heathen Rage? is an incomplete novel by the American author Flannery O'Connor. The manuscript was edited and assembled by Jessica Hooten Wilson and published in 2024 by Brazos Press under the title, Flannery O'Connor's Why Do the Heathen Rage? A Behind-the-Scenes Look at a Work in Progress.
History
A year before O'Connor's death, a fragment first appeared as "Why Do the Heathens Rage?" in the July 1963 edition of Esquire, which was devoted to writers' works-in-progress. Above the fragment was the editorial note, "Flannery O'Connor's first two novels were Wise Blood and The Violent Bear It Away--her third novel is as yet untitled, and she says it may be years before it's finished. This excerpt is from the beginning section." The same fragment appeared in O'Connor's The Complete Stories (1971) and in her Library of America Collected Works (1988).
In her Introduction to her adaptation of the novel, Jessica Hooten Wilson, a professor at Pepperdine University and the author of several books about Christianity and literature, explains that in 1970, Georgia College and State University acquired 378 typed and hand-edited pages of the unfinished manuscript, which she began examining in 2009. Since O'Connor left no outline or indication of how the action of the novel would unfold, Wilson made "editorial choices" about how to present the episodes to a reader.
Characters and plot
| 2.078125
| 0
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75939655
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius%20Region%20under%20Lithuanian%20administration%20%281939%E2%80%931940%29
|
Vilnius Region under Lithuanian administration (1939–1940)
|
On September 19, Lithuanian envoy in Moscow Ladas Natkevičius claimed Lithuanian rights to Vilnius. After the new German-Soviet border was established on September 28, the Soviets invited the Lithuanians to talks. Negotiations lasted from October 3 to 10. The result of the talks was the "Treaty on Mutual Assistance and Transfer of Vilnius and Vilnius Region to Lithuania," under which, in exchange for Vilnius, Lithuania agreed to establish Soviet military bases on its territory. The treaty was ratified by the Lithuanian Seimas on October 14. Lithuanian diplomats had no doubt that the presence of Soviet troops meant preparation for annexation. During negotiations, the Soviets threatened the possibility of annexing Vilnius to Soviet Belarus, and even the possibility of reconstituting the Lithuanian-Belarusian SSR. In addition, Lithuania received only a fragment of territory that had been recognized by Soviet Russia as part of Lithuania under the Soviet–Lithuanian Peace Treaty of July 12, 1920. Lithuania annexed most of Wilno-Troki County with Vilnius, half of Święciany County, and parts of Grodno, Lida, Oszmiany and Brasław counties. Soviet troops remained in Lithuanian-ruled Vilnius region, deploying in Naujoji Vilnia, Gaižiūnai, Prienai and Alytus.
| 2.53125
| 0
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75939655
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius%20Region%20under%20Lithuanian%20administration%20%281939%E2%80%931940%29
|
Vilnius Region under Lithuanian administration (1939–1940)
|
Throughout the interwar period, official propaganda for the recapture of Vilnius built up an image of Vilnius as a country suffering poverty and backwardness under Polish rule; this impression was compounded by the ongoing hostilities. As a result, there were initiatives in Lithuania to send humanitarian aid to Vilnius, and an official proclamation issued on October 13 called for this. The director of the Kaunas State Theater, Antanas Juška, headed the Relief Committee for the Vilnius Country.
On October 19, the Soviet Workers' Guard was disbanded. As early as October 22, Lithuanian flags appeared on buildings in Vilnius, and the first Lithuanian officials also arrived in the city and began forming a Lithuanian militia. Soviet units were leaving the city, carrying out looting. In addition, about 3,000 Jewish residents of the city were allowed to leave for the depths of the USSR - mainly those previously involved in the formation of the foundations of Soviet power.
Lithuanian troops crossed the Polish-Lithuanian border in several places. The main route of the march led from Kaunas through the border crossing at Zawiasy, where the barrier was ceremoniously sawed through and border wreaths were burned. On October 28, Lithuanian army units, commanded by Vincas Vitkauskas, entered Vilnius. The encroaching troops were welcomed by delegations of Vilnius Lithuanians, Byelorussians, Tatars, Jews, and Polish Krajowcy. The parade in the city was recorded on color film. Volunteers were brought in from Kaunas Lithuania to form a cheering crowd in honor of the Lithuanian army.
| 2.53125
| 0
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75939655
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius%20Region%20under%20Lithuanian%20administration%20%281939%E2%80%931940%29
|
Vilnius Region under Lithuanian administration (1939–1940)
|
Conspiracy
From the very beginning of the Lithuanian administration, secret political and military organisations began emerging. One of the first was the Government Commissariat, founded in Vilnius at the turn of September and October 1939, by Rajmund Gostkowski and Bronisław Świątnicki. It was an anti-Sanation organisation, with a peasant orientation. Contrary to its name, it had no contacts with the government-in-exile, but only with the Polish missions in Kaunas and Riga. At the head was an unknown commander with the pseudonym "Jołan" (probably it was Gostkowski). The Department B (intelligence) was commanded by Zygmunt Sroczyński, the Military Department by Antoni Olechnowicz "Meteor". The organisation was being investigated by the Lithuanian police. It had up to 400 members.
On the basis of the military units stationed in the Vilnius region, as well as those interned in Lithuania, underground Regimental Circles began to be formed. They were headed by Lt. Col. Adam Obtułowicz "Leon". The main aim of the Circles was to organise help and support for soldiers, organise escape routes to the west and continue the fight for Poland's freedom. The Civil Commissioner by the commandant was Józef Święcicki. There was also a youth organisation attached to the Regimental Circle, headed by Major Władysław Zarzycki 'Rojan'.
The Union of Free Poles was founded on the night of 17–18 September 1939 on the basis of the pre-war League of Free Poles, as its armed arm; it was a synarchic organisation based on Christian doctrine. It was headed by student Jan Kazimierz Mackiewicz; its sympathiser and protector was Lt Col Edward Perkowicz. Mackiewicz adopted the pseudonym "Konrad" and became the group's commander.
The Union of Independence Fighters was founded on 18 October 1939, on the 18th anniversary of the founding of the 13th Vilnius Scout Troop, as a scout conspiracy. It was headed by scoutmaster Józef Grzesiak "Czarny".
| 2.03125
| 0
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75939782
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syed%20Humayun%20Akhter
|
Syed Humayun Akhter
|
Syed Humayun Akhter is a Bangladeshi academic, earthquake researcher, and former vice-chancellor of Bangladesh Open University. He is the former Chairman of the Department of Geology and former Provost of Dr. Muhammad Shahidullah Hall at the University of Dhaka. He is a seismologist and established Dhaka University Earth Observatory (DUEO) at the University of Dhaka.
Early life
Akhter was born on 26 February 1955 in Kushtia District, East Pakistan, Pakistan. His father, Syed Abu Akhter Fazley Rob, was the president of the Bangladesh Medical Association- Kushtia, and his mother was Shahana Khatun. He completed his SSC from Mohini Mohan Vidyapith, Kushtia and HSC from Kushtia Government College in 1970 and 1972 respectively. He did his bachelor's degree and masters in geology at the University of Dhaka in 1975 and 1976 respectively. He completed his PhD at IIT Kharagpur.
Career
Akhter started working at Prokaushali Sangsad Limited in 1979 and later worked at the National Museum of Bangladesh. He joined the University of Dhaka in 1987 as a lecturer in the Department of Geology. He worked with Columbia University to install a seismometer in Chittagong in 2007 nearly two decades after the last one stopped working.
From July 2013 to June 2016, Akhter was the Chairman of the Department of Geology at the University of Dhaka. He was the provost of Dr. Muhammad Shahidullah Hall.
In June 2021, Akhter was appointed the Vice-Chancellor of Bangladesh Open University. He oversaw the Bangladesh Open University signing an agreement with the Columbia University to cooperate in climate change research.
| 2.03125
| 0
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75940032
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman%20Durkee
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Norman Durkee
|
Norman Edward Durkee was an American composer and pianist known for his eclectic mix of classical, jazz, rock and blues but best known for his boogie-woogie piano contribution to the 1974 Bachman–Turner Overdrive hit "Takin' Care of Business".
Described as a piano prodigy, he graduated from Woodrow Wilson High School in Tacoma, Washington, where he sat next to serial killer Ted Bundy in trigonometry. He had already written and performed a symphony for piano and orchestra. Durkee attended the Berklee College of Music in Boston on scholarship 1967 before returning to his native Washington state.
He taught at the K-12 level at the Bush School in Seattle as well in higher education at Evergreen State College in Olympia, Washington and Cornish College of the Arts in Seattle.
Durkee spent most of his career in Seattle as musical director for local productions of Hair and Tommy (featuring a young Bette Midler) as well as director of the Teatro Zinzanni, a "circus dinner theater" in Seattle. He would later serve as Midler's musical director. He also wrote ballets for the Pacific Northwest Ballet, scores for the Seattle Repertory Theatre, music for the 1979 experimental film The Legend of Black Thunder Mountain; and created a comic opera for children, The Magical Marriage, for Seattle Opera.
Durkee musical versatility led him to create jingles and other Ad music for the Chiat/Day advertising agency in Los Angeles. Durkee's sense of humor fits in well at the agency known for its quirky approach in jingles created for clients such as Apple, Honda, 7–11, and Yamaha.
| 2.296875
| 0
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75940181
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RMS%20Hecla
|
RMS Hecla
|
RMS Hecla was an ocean liner for the Cunard Line, built in 1860 and scrapped in 1954. As of 2024, she is the longest surviving vessel built for the company, lasting 94 years.
Design and construction
The Hecla was the third of five sister ships built between 1860 and 1861 for the Cunard Line, the others being Olympus, Marathon, Atlas, Kedar and slightly later, the Sidon and Morocco followed. All seven ships were designed for the Mediterranean service originally, although Hecla was transferred in 1863. She was built with a two-cylinder 300 horsepower direct acting engine, which propelled a single triple bladed propeller at an average speed of 10 knots, a respectable speed at the time. These ships were built with two masts, fitted with square rigged sails. There was also a thin funnel in the midships sporting the company's orange striped and black topped livery.
In 1871, the Hecla went under a large rebuild at Harland and Wolff in Belfast, Ireland. Her capacity was increased, engines replaced to 270 hp two cylinder compound type, built by J & G Thomson of Govan. She was also cut at her midships, and extended from 274 ft (84m) to 338.7 ft (103.2m). In addition to this, a third mast was installed just aft of her funnel, and the amount of rigging was reduced. Her tonnage also increased from 1,785 GRT to 2,421 GRT, a 135% increase.
Cunard Line career
Hecla departed on her maiden voyage in April, 1860 and was without any significance. She enjoyed a rather uneventful life and short in the Mediterranean. Her graceful, yacht-like appearance earned her the group nickname of MacIver's Yachts with loyal passengers who would take holiday trips on these ships. However, these vessels had steerage, unlike most transatlantic Cunarders. This resulted in her being transferred to the New York run to bolster profits. She departed on her first trip to New York City from Liverpool on June 16, 1863. She was somewhat redundant, and often made voyages to Boston as the new RMS Scotia came into the Atlantic service in 1863.
| 2.28125
| 0
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75940510
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20Man%20%28song%29
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History of Man (song)
|
"History of Man" is a song by English singer-songwriter Maisie Peters released as the fifteenth (and final) song on her sophomore album The Good Witch. Peters released her second album The Good Witch on 23 June 2023, which debuted at #1 on the UK charts. "History of Man" was written during a week long session at Decoy Studios in Suffolk along with three other songs on the album: "Wendy," Want You Back," and "BSC."
As part of the promotion for the album, Peters posted illustrated tarot cards on her social media, each representing a different song on the album. The tarot card for "History of Man" shows an illustrated anatomical heart with the song lyric "Women's hearts are lethal weapons" above and the title and track number below.
Peters describes "History of Man" as "Jo March coded," as Jo March's character in Little Woman made a lot of the same points the song makes, specifically during her monologue on the complexities of women where she says, "Women, they have minds, and they have souls, as well as just hearts. And they’ve got ambition, and they’ve got talent, as well as just beauty. I’m so sick of people saying that love is just all a woman is fit for."
| 1.96875
| 0
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75941274
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waiting%20Laughters
|
Waiting Laughters
|
The second section portrays the current state of Nigerian society, where laughter is scarce and sorrow is common. The poet uses binary opposites, such as truth and falsehood, life and death, hunger and abundance, to contrast the situation of the oppressed and the oppressor. Graphic presentations are used to emphasise the monotonous and dreary atmosphere of waiting. The poet criticises the inefficiency and arrogance of public officials. He alludes to historical and mythological examples of resistance and revolt to encourage his people to learn from the past and act against tyranny. The section concludes with the line "Time amble in diverse paces", indicating the lack of change and progress.
The third section merges the present and the future to question the duration and outcome of waiting. The motif of waiting is repeated, but with more intensity and urgency, as people are waiting for expected sorrow and suffering. The poet employs dramatic dialogues, using folkloric tales and aphorisms to illustrate the relationship between the ruler and the ruled. He uses examples of animals to convey his message of social criticism and resistance. He invokes the Yoruba tradition and language. The section concludes with the line "The stammerer will one day call his/ Fa-fa-father-ther's na-na-na-me", suggesting the possibility of reunion and redemption.
| 2.234375
| 0
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75941522
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montmaurin-La%20Niche%20mandible
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Montmaurin-La Niche mandible
|
The Montmaurin-La Niche (M-LN) mandible is a fossil jawbone with teeth discovered by Louis Mèroc on 18 June, 1949. As well as the mandible, a collection of hominin remains including another mandible, teeth, and maxilla were discovered in the neighboring Coupe-Gorge cavity. They probably represent the same lineage of hominin, dated precisely to around 250,000 years and likely represent a distinct lineage of southern Middle Pleistocene hominins.
History
The karst system of Montmaurin is formed by eight infilled chambers that were excavated from 1946-1961 by Louis Mèroc and his team. The La Niche cave is a vertical shaft where, on 18 June, 1949, Raoul Cammas and his team discovered a set of ancient human remains and tools that they initially dated to the 'Mindel-Riss' interglacial. One of the most important finds was an intact mandible first described in detail in 1977. The jaw initiated discussion about human settlement in Europe, and it was classed as Pre-Neanderthal.
Most of the human remains belong to the Coupe-Gorge cavity, which presented a juvenile symphyseal fragment, right maxilla with P4-C and three teeth. Alongside the mandible in La Niche, a broken tibia and two vertebrae (one twelfth thoracic) were also discovered. They used a grid system to collect the position of the remains at Coupe-Gorge, but not at La Niche, where position and depth were noted instead. The Coupe-Gorge mandible sat in a position signifying the beginning of the last glaciation, while the maxilla and teeth were older. The M-LN mandible was dated in accordance with fauna to a more specific MIS 7.
Description
| 2.75
| 0
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75941522
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montmaurin-La%20Niche%20mandible
|
Montmaurin-La Niche mandible
|
According to Martín-Francés (2020), the mandible falls within the range of Neanderthals based on the bloated pulp cavities and robusticity, but the primitive mandible suggests affinities with an earlier population. They conclude that the mosaic traits of the mandible, including Neanderthal-like dentine surfaces and apomorphic traits seen in Neanderthals and various other hominins, suggests the presence of at least two European lineages during this time. They reason that Middle Pleistocene hominin fossils tend to either contain the Neanderthal suite of anatomy, or exhibit few identifiers, like the remains of Mauer, Mala Balanica, or Arago. As such, Montmaurin-La Niche is classified with the latter three as a discontinuous lineage over several migrations. Middle Pleistocene hominin fossils present a complicated scenario, which Martín-Francés explains as the result of genetic drift, adaptation, founder effect, and hybridization between old and new residents.
This would confirm the analysis of the Coupe-Gorge and La Niche materials by Vialet et al. (2019), who suggested the Neanderthals were present to the north while a more plesiomorphic lineage lived in the south. They considered these specimens as well as Lazaret and Arago as being part of a lineage preserving a more ancient suite. However, they also presented a scenario where they may be Neanderthals, but only if the facial anatomy arrived later than the dental and cranial anatomy. A year before, the team hypothesized that Neanderthals and Homo heidelbergensis were chronospecies that arose near the end of the Middle Pleistocene in the Levantine Corridor, first in the mandible, concurrent with the two-stage model of Neanderthal evolution. The Levantine would have been continuously populated, and served as an ecological hotspot.
| 2.703125
| 0
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75941637
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Plumer%20Jacobs
|
William Plumer Jacobs
|
Jacobs first mentioned the idea of "Clinton College" in his diary on May 29, 1874, and he expanded on this with an idea of turning Clinton High School into a college on July 3, 1875. In 1876, he set out a goal of laying the Clinton College cornerstone before May 28, 1885. On September 11, 1880, Jacobs directed William States Lee, the principal of Clinton High School, to "organize the first of his college classes". Lee was shortly thereafter made the first president of Clinton College. The college received its charter on August 20, 1882, which allowed it to confer degrees for the first time. The school's first commencement was held in July 1883; the first degree was given to Jacobs's daughter, and two other women also comprised the first graduating class. In July 1885, Jacobs referred to the school as "Clinton Presbyterian College of South Carolina", and later that year he used a variant of the modern name for the first time when he called it "the Presbyterian College of Clinton, South Carolina". Four new professors were added to the college in October 1885, including its new president, Robert Perry Smith. At this same meeting, Jacobs agreed to lecture weekly on "Bible themes".
The college had grown to 80 students by the opening of the 1889–1890 academic year; on September 22, 1889, Jacobs set a goal of four endowed professorships for the college. Around this same time, Jacobs estimated the value of the orphanage property to be $48,700 (). The college's third president, Joseph Whitner Kennedy, died in February 1891 and was replaced on an interim basis by John Irvin Cleland, who was one of four members of the faculty. In June of that year, Cleland was elected president and a fifth member of the faculty was hired. Cleland was later replaced by Ephriam Clark Murray in 1894.
| 2.515625
| 0
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75941637
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Plumer%20Jacobs
|
William Plumer Jacobs
|
By October 1894, the orphanage's assets had grown to over $17,000 (). Earlier that year, Jacobs had remarked that the orphanage had grown to a size equivalent to that of the town of Clinton thirty years prior. In 1909, Jacobs opened Thornwell Memorial Church on the orphanage's campus to alleviate the issue of limited space at First Presbyterian Church caused by the growing number of orphans.
Jacobs retired from preaching at First Presbyterian Church in Clinton in September 1911, after 47 years. He maintained his pastorate at Thornwell Memorial until his death, and even preached there on the day before his death.
Personal life and death
Jacobs met Mary Jane Dillard on August 18, 1864, and the pair were engaged January 26, 1865. They married on April 20, 1865, in Coldwater, South Carolina, and had seven children, five of whom survived to adulthood. Among them was Thornwell Jacobs, who was president of Oglethorpe University from 1913 to 1941 and contributed to their Crypt of Civilization. Jacobs's grandson, William Plumer Jacobs II, was the 12th president of Presbyterian College from 1935 to 1945. Mary died at 11:35 a.m. on January 16, 1879, after suffering illnesses periodically for the preceding year.
Jacobs was an advocate for the temperance movement, and he authored a bill in February 1878 to outlaw the sale or manufacturing of alcohol in Clinton, which passed the legislature and was signed into law several weeks later. Politically, Jacobs supported Samuel J. Tilden in the 1876 United States presidential election and was a supporter of the "Prohibition ticket" in a local election in 1878.
Jacobs was awarded the honorary Doctor of Laws degree by Erskine College in 1886.
| 2.0625
| 0
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75941698
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abishemu%20of%20Byblos
|
Abishemu of Byblos
|
Abishemu of Byblos (Ib-shemu; ʼb-šmw) was the ruler of the city-state of Byblos during the late Middle Bronze IIA (c. 1820-1628 BC). In relation to Syria, the ruler of byblos held the title "king" in the Mari Archive. However, Abishemu belongs to a sequence of rulers who held the Egyptian title Haty-aa of Kepny (ḥꜣty-ʻ n Kpny), indicating they served as "governors" for the great king of Egypt during the late 12th Dynasty and early 13th Dynasty.
Reign
Abishemu (also known as Abichemou) may have been the son of Kukun, son of Ruqqa/Luqqa (the R and L are interchangeable), and father of Ibshemuabi. His reign may correspond to the second half of the Middle Bronze II, when Byblos may have recognized the Great King of Egypt as its overlord, using the title Haty-aa and adopting Egyptian style as opposed to the Syrian style dominated by Yamhad and Qatna.
Attestations
Abishemu is mainly known from the Abishemu obelisk found in the Temple of Obelisks.
Transcribed:
mry Ḥr-š·f ḥꜣty-ʻ n Kpny ʼb-šmw wḥm ʻnḫ
[...]f Kwkwn śꜣ Rwqq mꜣʻ ḫrw
Translated:
Beloved of Herishef, Haty-aa of Byblos (Governor), Ib-shemu, repeating life, his [father], Kukun, son of Ruqqa/Luqqa, justified (deceased).
Wehem ankh (wHm ʻnḫ) literally means "repeating life", an expression used in Ancient Egypt in various contexts, also as an epithet applied to the deceased from the Middle Kingdom onwards. Thus, the obelisk may be associated with the burial of Abishemu.
Theories
Some have speculated that "Kwkwn śꜣ Rwqq" in the Abishemu Obelisk may refer to Kukunnis, son of Lukka, Lukka being an ethnic group later considered to be among the purported "Sea Peoples", transliterated as Kukunnis, son of Lukka" (in analysis of the Sea Peoples, Lukka have been proposed as "Lycians").
| 2.25
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75941899
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mona%20Gould
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Mona Gould
|
Mona McTavish Gould (January 25, 1905 - March 8, 1999) was a Canadian poet, journalist, and broadcaster. Her most famous poem, "This Was My Brother," was inspired by her brother's death during World War II, and was reprinted in various anthologies.
Early life
Gould was born Mona McTavish in Prince Albert, Saskatchewan. Her family moved to London, Ontario when she was seven years old. In high school, Gould contributed frequently to theToronto Globe's "Circle of Young Canada" section. In 1929, while living in St. Thomas, Ontario, and writing for the St. Thomas Times-Journal, Gould married Jack Graham Gould. Their son, John Gould, was born that same year.
Career
In the 1930s, Gould published poetry in Chatelaine, Canadian Forum, and Saturday Night. During the war, Gould moved to Toronto and started working at an advertising agency. Her brother, Lieutenant Colonel Gordon Howard McTavish, died in 1942 in the Dieppe raid. This event inspired Gould to write the poem "This Was My Brother" in his honour. The poem was well received and used as a part of victory bond campaigns. Gould published three collections of poems in the 1940s: Tasting the Earth (1943), I Run With the Fox (1946), and Gossip! (1948). Tasting the Earth received favourable reviews, including praise from E.J. Pratt.
In 1948, Gould began her career as a radio personality. She initially worked as a broadcaster for CKEY in Toronto where she hosted the program Ladies Listen; and later moved to CKFH in 1957, where she hosted Be My Guest. She also worked as a columnist, contributing to New Liberty magazine and Gossip magazine.
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75942966
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacunicambarus%20chimera
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Lacunicambarus chimera
|
Lacunicambarus chimera, or the Crawzilla crawdad, is a species of cambarid crayfish endemic to the U.S. states of Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Missouri, and Tennessee.
Description
Compared to other species of crayfish in its range, L. chimera is a sizable crayfish. On average, adults of this species range from about 9.5 to 11.8 centimeters (or 3.7 to 4.7 inches) in body length, measuring from the anterior tip of the rostrum to the posterior tip of the telson.
The overall main body is predominantly olive, yellow-green, or golden in color, with the tail fan fading into a soft periwinkle. The legs and the bottom side of the body range from a light blue or white to a soft cream in color. A light-colored stripe runs along the margins of the areola and down the abdomen; this stripe is sometimes faintly present in adults, but it is much more pronounced in juveniles and young adults.
Range
v chimera has been observed in the Ohio River Basin in southern Indiana, Illinois, and western Kentucky, the Lower Mississippi River and Tennessee River Basins in western Kentucky and Tennessee, and the Upper Mississippi River Basin in Illinois.
Habitat
Burrows of L. chimera are commonly found in fine-grained soils along the floodplains of streams and rivers and in roadside ditches.
Ecology
Lacunicambarus chimera is an opportunistic omnivore, readily consuming earthworms, snails, and leaf litter in streams. This species is mostly active at night, often foraging for food. Compared to other species of crayfish, L. chimera is not particularly aggressive towards other individuals of its species.
| 2.578125
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75943087
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Seoul%20Press
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The Seoul Press
|
The paper was intended to justify and paint a particularly positive image of Japan's colonization of Korea. According to the historian Mark E. Caprio, articles relating to events in colonial Korea were sometimes reported differently in The Seoul Press and The Japan Times, but that the reportage in both coincided in depicting the "positive atmosphere that the Japanese... strove to convey to Westerners". It highlighted cases of Koreans assisting Japanese settlers, and portrayed the Korean former emperor Sunjong as willingly and gratefully accepting Japanese rule.
Some articles were more negative in tone. It reprinted reports written by Westerners that criticized Korean culture and civilization, and promoted Japan's colonization. One such article was written by J. H. De Forest, who had spent one month visiting Korea and lived for 36 years in Japan. He argued, in Caprio's words, that Korea lacked the "necessary criteria of a civilized society, as seen in their nonexistent traditional literature and the lack of trees on their naked hills". De Forest hopefully concluded that, because contact between Japan and Korea had increased, "a new life is coming to these wronged [naked] hills and a new hope to the tillers of the soil".
| 2.234375
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75943173
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sathyanarayana%20Beleri
|
Sathyanarayana Beleri
|
Sathyanarayana Beleri is a farmer and also a paddy conservator of Nettinge village in Bellur Gramapanchayath in Kasaragod district in Kerala. A man who turned to agriculture after completing his studies in the 10th standard, is now maintaining a gene pool of more than 650 varieties of rice using innovative methods developed by him. The Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers' Rights Authority, a statutory body under Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare, Govt of India, conferred on Sathyanarayana Beleri the Plant Genome Savior Farmer Reward for the year 2018-19 for his efforts in conserving plant agro-biodiversity. In the year 2024, Govt of India honoured Sathyanarayana Beleri by conferring the Padma Shri Award for his contributions to agriculture.
The rice varieties in his collection include Chitteni, Akrikaaya, Narikela, Suggi kayame, Vellatuven, Gandhasaale, Jeerige Sanna, Ghangadale, Kumkumsaale, Kalame, Kottambarasaale, Karigajavile, Raajamudi, Jugal Kagga, Karijeddu, Parambu Ucchan, Mysooru mallige.
| 2.109375
| 0
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75943402
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civ-Alert
|
Civ-Alert
|
Civ-Alert was approved for use in November 1960 and began full-time service on December 1, 1960. It was tested for the first time on January 3, 1961, and all Honolulu radio stations received the signal from Civil Defense in Diamond Head; they were equipped with warning lights to make them aware of impending Civ-Alert broadcasts. Civil Defense leaders soon sought authorization to have Civ-Alert supplant CONELRAD, the system used nationwide. CONELRAD depended on stations alternating time at one of two frequencies, 640 or 1240 kHz, on reduced power. This was not sufficient for use in Hawaii because a station operating at reduced power in CONELRAD mode might not be able to reach all of the islands. In July 1961, CONELRAD was formally discontinued in Hawaii.
Civ-Alert suffered issues in warning of a potential tsunami on December 20, 1962. It took ten minutes for Civ-Alert to activate, muddling an already confused warning setup. At one point, two Oahu radio stations were telling listeners it was safe to return to their homes while Civ-Alert continued the alert. Among the plans for improving the civil defense system was adding audible buzzers, in addition to the warning lights already in use, to radio studios to notify stations of incoming announcements. The system's performance was much improved in the wake of the 1965 Rat Islands earthquake in the Aleutian Islands; Civ-Alert went on the air three hours before the tidal wave was predicted to arrive on Oahu. The Honolulu Advertiser editorial board praised the broadcasting of director Roger Coryell, also a veteran newsman, and the network setup which also included DJ Hal Lewis as program director; a cartoon by Harry Lyons called the system "Hawaii's Paul Revere". By 1966, Civ-Alert had been expanded to provide notification to TV stations and movie theaters, while audio messages were additionally relayed on Muzak background music systems for broadcast in stores.
| 2.6875
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75943719
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS%20Assurance%20%281780%29
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HMS Assurance (1780)
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Assurance was commissioned by Captain James Cumming in April 1780, while the ship was still being completed. She sailed on 27 October to join the North America Station. There, the ship captured the American privateer brig Duke of Leinster on 23 May 1781, and two days later took the schooner Fanny. Subsequently serving alongside the 24-gun frigate HMS Charlestown and 24-gun post-ship HMS Amphitrite, on 7 June the three ships came across the 16-gun ship-sloop HMS Atalanta in Boston Bay. Atalanta had been captured by an American frigate on 28 May and her prize crew was attempting to sail her into Boston. The British ships re-took Atalanta and sent her to Halifax, Nova Scotia.
Assurance continued an active month by capturing the American 10-gun privateer Rattlesnake on 17 June. During this period she also re-took the merchant brig Neptune; Cumming placed a prize crew on board the vessel and sent it to Martinique, but on 24 June she encountered the American privateer Young Cromwell and was captured again, the ten members of Assurances crew becoming prisoners of war. Patrolling to the west of Halifax, on 20 September the ship then took the American privateer sloop Greyhound. Again in Boston Bay on 12 October, Assurance re-captured the merchant brigantine Poole as her prize crew sailed her towards the port, having captured her off Lisbon. She then re-captured the merchant sloop Europia, which had been captured by an American letter of marque the day before, on 20 October.
| 2.28125
| 0
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75943719
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS%20Assurance%20%281780%29
|
HMS Assurance (1780)
|
Recommissioned in July under the command of Lieutenant John Norris, Assurance sailed to the Mediterranean Sea one month later. Norris was replaced by Commander Ranceford Tookey on 6 December, and sometime subsequent to this the ship returned to the West Indies. In August 1798 she formed part of a large convoy travelling from Martinique back to Britain. The convoy went through a large storm on 23 August, during which the 16-gun store ship HMS Etrusco was dismasted. The ship had already been in bad repair with rotten timbers causing several leaks, and she was now forced to sail under a jury rig, struggling to keep up with the convoy. On 25 August the commander of Etrusco received permission to abandon his ship as unseaworthy, and the crew was taken on board by Assurance and the 14-gun sloop HMS Beaver before Etrusco was scuttled.
Assurance arrived in Britain in October, and in March the following year was fitted as a receiving ship at Woolwich Dockyard for £1,695. The ship remained at Woolwich, in ordinary, until she was broken up there in March 1815.
| 2.078125
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75943730
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1915%E2%80%931917%20Wheelbarrow%20Mine%20strike
|
1915–1917 Wheelbarrow Mine strike
|
In 1915, coal miners affiliated with the United Mine Workers (UMW) labor union at the Wheelbarrow Mine in Johnson County, Arkansas, went on strike against the mine's operators, the Pennsylvania Mining Company (PMC). The strike ended in 1917 after the PMC declared bankruptcy and a new company, the Fernwood Mining Company, was established to operate the mine and quickly agreed to recognize the UMW.
The prelude to strike action at the Wheelbarrow Mine began in 1910 when the existing contract between the UMW and the Anthracite Coal and Land Company, which owned and, at the time, operated the mine, expired without a replacement contract. In October of that year, PMC was established and began operating the mine under a lease from the Anthracite Coal Company. This new company refused to negotiate with the UMW and began to bring in immigrant workers from Pennsylvania to work at the mine, leading to tension and some sporadic instances of violence between these replacement workers and former UMW miners. For the next several years, the UMW attempted to organize workers at the mine and planned for a strike against PMC, and on June 9, 1915, several miners performed a walkout following a change in company policy regarding how miners were compensated for the amount of coal they mined, resulting in a strike.
| 2.359375
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75943730
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1915%E2%80%931917%20Wheelbarrow%20Mine%20strike
|
1915–1917 Wheelbarrow Mine strike
|
Immigrant workers brought in from Pennsylvania
Given the resignation of many UMW miners, starting in late 1910, PMC began to replace local miners with a primarily immigrant and non-union labor force. Many of these workers were immigrants from Eastern Europe, such as Austria, Hungary, Poland, and Russia, who had been living in Pennsylvania and were brought in by PMC from Scranton to Clarksville via rail transport and then via horse and buggy from Clarksville to the mine. This occurred during a larger trend of eastern European immigrants, including many Slavic people, being recruited by mine operators in western Arkansas, and in total, between 1910 and 1915, a total of roughly 1,500 immigrant workers were active at various points in the Wheelbarrow Mine under PMC operation.
For the length of the labor dispute at the Wheelbarrow Mine, the immigrant workers were, in the words of historian Suzanne S. Lewis, "pawns in a vicious chess game played out between union and management". National UMW official Thomas King stated that these immigrants were brought to Arkansas from Pennsylvania under false pretenses, alleging that the company had promised the immigrants work in a union mine. On the other side, the union encouraged many immigrants to seek employment in other mines, and the UMW spent approximately $10,000 over the course of the labor dispute on this program. According to one union organizer in Johnson County, many of the immigrants were eager to seek employment elsewhere due to the poor working conditions at the Wheelbarrow Mine. On the other hand, the Encyclopedia of Arkansas notes that some union members took advantage of the immigrants' poor grasp of English to trick them into moving to other states for work, and there were some instances of immigrant workers facing threats of physical violence from pro-union individuals.
| 2.203125
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75943768
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volhynian%20folk%20costume
|
Volhynian folk costume
|
Men's clothing
Male shirts were made of either homespun fabrics or of industry-made cotton . The collar was either stand-up or turnover, adorned with satin-stitch or cross-stitch embroidery. The opening was usually put at the centre of the garment or, in Western regions, on the left-hand side; it had a single tin or knitted button and a loop to close it. The hem of the shirts meant to be worn untucked usually was decorated with a narrow red border. The eastern Volhynian male shirts had their shoulders embroidered with red-and-blue or white threads. The earlier shirt designs included no embroidery at the front except for the collar and cuffs; the front panel embroidery is a later development. Men wore their shirts untucked and tied them with belts.
Men wore trousers of two main types: the long straight kholoshni () made from blue-and-white striped linen-cotton blended fabric and the linen nohavytsi (). Kholoshni were gathered at the belt, they had a single cutout at the front, which closed them with a single button and a cutout buttonhole. Nohavytsi, on the other hand, were made of a special homespun fabric that had alternating unbleached and white threads.
Outer garments
Both men and women wore long coats called (), which reached at least to the knees. Svyta had a straight back, sewn-in side wedges that created folds, and a stand-up, turnover, or falling collar. Sometimes svyta had a big hood attached to the collar. Side and waist seams, top of the lap, sleeve edges and pocket openings were embroidered with blue, green or red worsted ribbons, or black, brown, or yellow wool threads. Women's svyta was more decorated compared to the men's.
| 2.65625
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75943944
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honeggeria
|
Honeggeria
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Honeggeria is a single-species fungal genus in the family Teloschistaceae. It contains the species Honeggeria rosmarieae, a corticolous (bark-dwelling), foliose lichen found in the United States. Characteristic features of the lichen include its isidia-like soredia, rhizines that are relatively broad and short, slender , and a rudimentary with a tissue structure.
Taxonomy
The genus was circumscribed in 2012 by the lichenologists Sergey Kondratyuk, Natalya Fedorenko, Soili Stenroos, Ingvar Kärnefelt, John Elix, Jae-Seoun Hur, and Arne Thell. Honeggeria was one of several genera proposed by these authors (the others were Gallowayella, Golubkovia, Oxneria, and Jesmurrayia) in order to solve the problem of the polyphyletic genus Xanthomendoza.
The single species of Honeggeria was first formally described a year earlier by Kondratyuk and Kärnefelt, who classified it in the genus Xanthomendoza. The type specimen was collected from Georgetown, Delaware, where it was found growing on aspen bark together with Parmelia sulcata. It is only known to occur at the type locality. Both the species epithet and the genus name honour the Swiss lichenologist Rosmarie Honegger.
In their 2013 molecular phylogenetics-based restructuring and revision of the Teloschistaceae, Ulf Arup and colleagues did not accept genus Honeggeria, claiming there was little phylogenetic support for its existence. They gave it as an example of a recently created Teloschistaceae genus that had "not been generally accepted", and instead treated Honeggeria as synonymous with Xanthomendoza.
| 1.976563
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75944669
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kegham%20Djeghalian
|
Kegham Djeghalian
|
While his family left for Egypt in light of the 1967 Six-Day War, Djeghalian decided to stay in Gaza as "He loved Palestine. He loved Gaza. It was his home." Around that time, Djeghalian worked with other Armenian photographers in the West Bank to send negatives to Egyptian intelligence. He earned the nickname Al Musawer Al Fedai (the Guerrilla Photographer).
Legacy
After his death in 1981, Studio Photo Kegham passed to Djeghalian's assistant Maurice/Morris Tarazi and later to Tarazi's brother Marwan Tarazi (who was killed in the 2023 Church of Saint Porphyrius airstrike). Djeghalian is well remembered among Gazan Palestinians, both in Gaza and the diaspora.
In 2020, Djeghalian and his photography were the subject of a Deutsche Welle (DW) documentary titled Preserving Gaza's photographic history, directed by Tania Krämer and featuring interviews with archivist Marwan Tarazi, Djeghalian's daughter Anahid Boutin, photographer Shareef Sarhan, and music producer Ayman Mghamis. The following year, an Arabic-language documentary from Al Jazeera titled Gaza's First Photographer: Kegham Djeghalian, directed by Marwa Jabara Tibi, won the Bronze Prize at the Jordan Arab Media Festival.
Djeghalian's grandson Kegham Djeghalian Jr., an artist, creative director, and academic, discovered a box of Djeghalian Sr's negatives at his father's apartment in 2018 and took them back to Paris to develop them. In 2021, he curated an exhibition titled Photo Kegham of Gaza: Unboxing for Cairo Photo Week at the Rawabet Art Space. He emphasised the theme of "a disrupted history", a frustration shared by Palestinians and Armenians. One of the burdens of going through this work, he said, is the potential for what remained of it in Gaza to be lost.
| 2.21875
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75944812
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orconuma%20meteorite
|
Orconuma meteorite
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The Orconuma meteorite is a meteorite that was discovered in the Philippines, and it is one of six meteorites from the Philippines listed in the Meteoritical Society's Bulletin database. The meteorite is thought to have formed about 4.6 billion years ago.
History
The Orconuma meteorite fell to Earth on March 7, 2011, in Orconuma, Bongabong, Oriental Mindoro. It was discovered by three farmers, Fredo Manzano, Edgar Francisco Sr., and Enrico Camacho, Jr., who found the meteorite in the middle of a field.
The three farmers initially hid and stored the specimen before publicizing their discovery in 2019. Collectors John Higgins and Jasper Spencer would purchase the specimen after it was confirmed to be a meteorite. On July 8, 2022, Higgins and Spencer would donate a piece of the metoerite to the National Museum of the Philippines
Classification
The Orconuma meteorite is classified as an H3-4 chondrite. This classification indicates that it is a type of stony meteorite that is rich in olivine and pyroxene, and it originated from the asteroid belt. The H3-4 classification also suggests that it underwent minimal thermal metamorphism on its parent body.
| 2.875
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75945563
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrea%20Fischer%20%28scientist%29
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Andrea Fischer (scientist)
|
Andrea Fischer (born 1973) is an Austrian glaciologist, Professor and Vice Director of the Institute of Interdisciplinary Mountain Research of the Austrian Academy of Sciences. She was named as the Austrian Scientist of the Year in 2023.
Early life and education
Fischer is from St. Johann in Tirol and grew up in Salzburg. She studied physics and environmental sciences as an undergraduate at the University of Graz. In 2003 she obtained her PhD in the field of remote sensing of snow and ice at the University of Innsbruck. Here she used European Remote-Sensing Satellite synthetic-aperture radar interferograms to monitor surges of glaciers in the Vatnajökull ice cap. Her research indicated that the glacier's surge cycle lasts for several years, with an early stage characterised by slowly increasing motion and more distinct velocity changes during the final two years of the surge cycle. She was a postdoctoral research at the University of Innsbruck and the Commission for Geophysical Research of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, where she focussed on glaciology, hydrology and geophysics.
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75945563
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrea%20Fischer%20%28scientist%29
|
Andrea Fischer (scientist)
|
Research and career
In 2010 Fischer was made a Senior Scientist at the Institute for Mountain Research at the Austrian Academy of Sciences. Fischer studies the melting of Alpine glaciers. She leads the Human-Environment Relationships, High Mountains at the Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW). She has studied the dynamics of climate change on the surface and subsurface of glaciers. Her research revealed that the glaciers are mainly eroded. To understand the impact of climate change, Fischer has monitored the mass balance of various glaciers. The mass balance is the overall balance of the mass gained by snow, and lost to melting (both at the surface and under the floating ice) and calving (i.e. when producing icebergs). Fischer has monitored the mass balance of Hallstätter Glacier, Mullwitzkees (Großvenediger) and Jamtalferner (Silvretta). In October 2021 during a fieldwork trip to Jamtalferner glacier, she and her colleagues discovered a large cave in the middle of it, which is unusual. This glacier has been studied since 1892 and she and her colleagues had been measuring the ice every one to three weeks, which was rapidly melting. The cave was gone by June 2022.
In 2022 she found a small, frozen chamois ("goat-antelope") in the Gepatsch Ferner, which she believed was 500 years old.
Awards and honours
2006 Herta Firnberg Stipendium
2013 Austrian of the Year
2020 Messe Krakau
2020 Falling Walls Finalist
2023 Austrian Scientist of the Year
Select publications
Personal life
Fischer is a former Austrian ice climbing champion.
| 2.609375
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75946086
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rani%20Murmu
|
Rani Murmu
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Rani Murmu (born 1988) is an Indian Santali eminent writer. She was awarded with Yuva Puraskar by Sahitya Akademi for her book Hopon mayak kukmu in 2018.
Early life education
Murmu was born in 1988 at Deoghar (Birdih), Jamshedpur to Sita Murmu and Budhrai Murmu. She did her graduation from Ranchi University in Political Science in 2011. Her father Budhrai Murmu retired from Swarnarekha Project in the year 2010. They teach children to read and write Santali in Ol Chiki script.
Writing career
Rani has expressed that her interest in writing was sparked by her engagement with social media. In the beginning, she used to write small comments about positive thoughts on Facebook. As her followers began to admire and encourage her, she began to take writing seriously and started crafting stories. Alongside stories, she also penned poems. However, Rani admits to having a preference for storytelling in her writing. According to her, storytelling is an oral tradition among the tribals and is an effective method of communication. While songs and poems are also integral to tribal culture, they lack the narrative element. Both genres have their significance, but Rani's heart lies in storytelling as it allows her to convey messages fascinatingly.
| 2.4375
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75946217
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ficus%20laurifolia
|
Ficus laurifolia
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Ficus laurifolia is an hemi-epiphytic species that sometimes grows as a shrub or liana or as a tree, the species is within the family Moraceae.
Description
The species grows as a shrub, a liana or as a medium to large sized tree that can reach an height of about , the bark is grey while the slash is reddish to pale brown exuding a creamy white latex; Stem is brownish in color with minute hairs. Its leaves are arranged spirallly, with petiole that sometimes reach long, stipules are present and are usually glabrous and up to in length. The leaf outline is broadly elliptic to ovate, with leaflets that can reach long and wide with margins that are entire, the base of leaves tends to be cordate to rounded and the apex is acuminate. Figs are usually borne on leafs axils or beneath the leaves, the figs are sessile or shortly pedunculate with receptacles, they tend to be oblong to globular in shape, greenish with white spots, peduncles are long; basal bracts are commonly paired.
Distribution and habitat
Ficus laurifolia occurs in Tropical Africa, from Guinea-Bissau eastwards to Sudan and southwards to Mozambique. It is found in savannah woodlands, gallery forests and forest edges.
Uses
A stem bark and leaf decoction is used in the treatment of gastro-intestinal infections. The species is also planted as a shade tree.
| 2.328125
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75947219
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tadeusz%20S%C5%82obodzianek
|
Tadeusz Słobodzianek
|
Tadeusz Słobodzianek (born 26 April 1955) is a Polish playwright, theatre director and critic.
Life
Słobodzianek was born on 26 April 1955 in Yeniseysk, Soviet Union. He graduated from the Jagiellonian University in Kraków with a degree in theatre studies. Between 1978 and 1981, he wrote theatre reviews under the alias Jan Koniecpolski.. First in student journals, and later in a popular weekly journal “Polityka.” He has worked as a literary manager, director, and dramaturge with various theatres in Warsaw, Kraków, Łódź, Poznań, Gdańsk, Kalisz and Białystok. In 1991, he co-founded Teatr Wierszalin. In 2003, he founded Laboratorium Dramatu (Drama Laboratory) in Warsaw, Drama School as well as The Art of Dialogue Foundation, which mentored and supported many emerging playwrights, directors, and actors.
Between 2010 and 2012, he served as the executive and artistic director in Teatr na Woli im. Tadeusza Łomnickiego, and from 2012 till 2022, he was the executive and artistic director of the Dramatyczny Theatre in Warsaw (Teatr Dramatyczny m. st. Warszawy).
Playwrighting
His playwrighting draws upon Baroque theatre, Polish Romanticism, and the history of 20th century. He is also often inspired by myths and folk tales, specifically pertaining to the eastern Polish border region.
He made his debut in 1980 with Historia o żebraku i osiołku (The Story of the Beggar and the Donkey, written in 1977). His most notable plays include Car Mikołaj (Tsar Nikolai, premiered in 1987), Obywatel Pekosiewicz (Citizen Pekosiewicz, premiered in 1989), Prorok Ilja (Prophet Ilya, premiered in 1994), and his best known play: Nasza klasa (Our Class, premiered in 2008).
| 2.203125
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75947525
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor%20Macedo
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Victor Macedo
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Julio César Arana and his rubber firm employed Victor Macedo as an administrator at La Chorrera, Colombia, during the Putumayo genocide. The rubber firms that controlled La Chorrera were dependent on an enslaved workforce to extract raw rubber, which would then be sent to the port at La Chorrera. Years before the Peruvian Amazon Company came into existence, rubber patrons like Macedo would expand their workforce by trading metal tools like axes or machetes for a year of work or a ten-year-old child. Another method frequently employed at La Chorrera's agency were , slave raids in which many natives were either captured or killed. Macedo organized several of these correrías between 1903-1910. According to Pedro Flores speaking in 1975, while at La Chorerra, Macedo implemented the weight quota of rubber that was imposed against the native workforce. During Macedo's management, the agency at La Corerra exploited indigenous groups, including Huitotos, Andoques, Ocaina, Yurias, Resígaro and Boras.
Macedo was implicated in a massacre of Ocaina natives at La Chorrera in 1903; this incident became the subject of a criminal complaint journalist Benjamin Saldaña Rocca filed, which eventually led to the issuing of more than 215 arrest warrants against employees of the La Chorrera' agency in the Putumayo River basin. In July 1911, judge Carlos A. Valcárcel issued an arrest warrant against Macedo for his role in the atrocities that occurred in the Putumayo between 1903 and 1911 under his management.
| 2.59375
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75947525
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor%20Macedo
|
Victor Macedo
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Rómulo Paredes, a judge who investigated the Putumayo genocide in 1911, believed the first massacres in the region began under Larrañaga's leadership and continued under Macedo's administration. In the ninth chapter of his 1915 book El Proceso del Putumayo y sus secretos, Valcarcel examines the culpability of Macedo, Arana, Pablo Zumaeta and Juan B. Vega for the conditions in the region, the evidence collected by the 1911 commission that incriminates the senior managers with the atrocities, and Paredes's explanation for why they were not prosecuted. Paredes became convinced crimes in the Putumayo were committed with Macedo's knowledge and approval, and that Macedo had personally perpetrated crimes and abuse against the natives.
The British Foreign Office sent diplomat Roger Casement to investigate the role of Barbadian men employed at La Chorrera in the atrocities in the Putumayo and reports of abuse against Barbadians. Macedo organized multiple armed excursions against Colombians and natives during his management of the agency. Barbadian men took part in several of these raids and later gave depositions to Casement reporting crimes they had witnessed and perpetrated against the natives. Casement interviewed thirty Barbadians, many of whom had worked around the La Chorrera agency for years; two of them told Casement Macedo was aware of the crimes occurring in the region. Casement wrote: "Macedo was one of Arana's longest serving Chiefs of Section and had an established history of brutality".
| 2.53125
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75948706
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lulu%20in%20Hollywood
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Lulu in Hollywood
|
Lulu in Hollywood is a collection of essays by the silent film actress Louise Brooks. First published in 1982, the book brings together seven previously published autobiographical essays, namely “Kansas to New York”, “On Location with Billy Wellman”, “Marion Davies’ Niece”, “Humphrey and Bogey”, “The Other Face of W. C. Fields”, “Gish and Garbo” and “Pabst and Lulu”.
Each of the pieces collected in Lulu in Hollywood were published in magazines and film journals beginning in the late 1950s. The copyright page states, "Portions of this book appeared in different form in Film Culture, London Magazine, Image, and Sight and Sound". The first edition includes an introduction by New Yorker editor William Shawn, an afterword, "A Witness Speaks," by film historian Lotte H. Eisner, as well as a condensed filmography and illustrations.
Publication history
Lulu in Hollywood was first published by Alfred A. Knopf in hardback in May, 1982. The following year, Knopf issued the book in softcover. Limelight Editions reprinted the book in paperback in 1989. Lulu in Hollywood was also published in England, and in translation in France (as Louise Brooks, and later as Loulou a Hollywood), Germany (Lulu in Berlin und Hollywood), Italy (Lulu a Hollywood), The Netherlands (Loulou in Hollywood), and Spain (Lulu en Hollywood). A Japanese edition of Lulu in Hollywood, published in 1984, is radically different in its design and selection of text. The Japanese edition, titled Ruizu Burukkusu to "Ruru" (Louise Brooks to "Lulu") contains Brooks’ essays, “Gish and Garbo” and “Pabst and Lulu”, along with the filmography and images contained in Lulu in Hollywood.
| 1.9375
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75949454
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priscilla%20Falc%C3%B3n
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Priscilla Falcón
|
Priscilla Falcón (born 1940) is a Professor Emeritus of Chicano/a and Latinx Studies at University of Northern Colorado and a Chicana activist. She also publishes under the name Priscilla Falcon-Lujan. After her husband Ricardo Falcón was murdered, she became an outspoken activist for the Chicano/a Movement.
Biography
Priscilla Falcón was born in 1940. Her family traveled from Mexico to Northeastern Colorado between 1900 and 1930 to become farm laborers. She first worked in the sugar beet fields when she was 7 years old. They settled in Alamosa.
Falcón attended University of Colorado Boulder. She was recruited through the Migrant Action Program. She joined the United Mexican American Students organization while there. She got involved in the political organizing with other students and participated in protests against grocer Safeway for discriminatory hiring practices. She received her Bachelor's degree in history and political science from Adams State College in 1983. In 1968, she traveled to Brighton to support Guadalupe Briseño in the Kitayama Carnation strike.
On August 30, 1972, Falcón's husband Ricardo was shot and killed in New Mexico on the way to a La Raza Unida convention. The couple had been organizing for La Raza Unida Party in Weld County and Ricardo was running for Sheriff. This event was a catalyst in the Chicano Movement in Colorado. Priscilla filed requests through the Freedom of Information Act to receive a document, but the government did not release any records to her.
In 1973, Falcón and other educators created a free school in Brighton for students who were pushed out of traditional schools, called La Academia Ricardo Falcón after her late husband.
Falcón earned her Master's (1985) and Ph.D. (1993) from the Korbel School of International Studies at the University of Denver. She received a fellowship to study Mexican foreign policy at the U.N.A.M. National Autonomous University in Mexico City.
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75949560
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pauline%20Rosenthal
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Pauline Rosenthal
|
Pauline Emmanuel Rosenthal (1845-1912) was a German choral conductor and composer who lived in South Africa for many years.
Rosenthal was born in Aachen, Germany. She studied music at the Cologne Conservatory, where one of her classmates was Engelbert Humperdinck.
Rosenthal married Albert Rosenthal and they had three sons: Julius, Richard, and Berthold. Their grandson (Richard’s son) was the South African historian Eric Rosenthal.They moved to Middelburg, Eastern Cape, South Africa, where Albert was on the Standard Bank of South Africa board of directors, returning to Germany frequently. While in Middelburg, Rosenthal conducted a choral society, taught, and performed.
Rosenthal lived in Hanover, Germany, for several years where she socialized with the violinist Joseph Joachim and other musicians. She died in Kassel in 1912.
Rosenthal’s music was published by Breitkopf & Haertel, and included the vocal works “Golden Wedding” and “Volkslied,” both dedicated to Lord Milner [Alfred Milner, 1st Viscount Milner].
| 2.3125
| 0
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75949782
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPU%20mining
|
GPU mining
|
GPU mining is the use of Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) to "mine" proof-of-work cryptocurrencies, such as Bitcoin. Miners receive rewards for performing computationally intensive work, such as calculating hashes, that amend and verify transactions on an open and decentralized ledger. GPUs can be especially performant at calculating such hashes.
Concerns about GPU mining
With the rise of GPU mining for cryptocurrency, there sparked various discussions on the concerns with the usage GPU's for cryptocurrencies for the hardware market, environment, and users.
Environmental concerns
While central processing units (CPUs) were used to mine cryptocurrency in their earliest days, they were gradually replaced by more performant GPUs. Even so, GPU mining consumes significant amounts of energy to perform their tasks. Unlike gaming PCs, GPU mining rigs usually incorporate multiple GPUs working together, and some miners may use multiple GPU mining rigs. A report by Bloomberg suggested that cryptocurrency miners spent $15 billion on GPUs during the cryptocurrency mining craze since 2021. Meanwhile, statistics suggested that 67% of the electricity powering Bitcoin mining during 2020 and 2021 was generated by fossil energy and that Bitcoin mining produced more than 85 million tons of CO2 during that period.
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75949939
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Wild%20Robot%20%28novel%29
|
The Wild Robot (novel)
|
Booklist also proffered a starred review for the audiobook narrated by Kate Atwater. Reviewer Amanda Blau highlighted how "music and sound effects underscore the early action", though it disappears once Roz is booted up, as well as how "Atwater gives each animal a voice representing its nature".
In 2016, Booklist, Kirkus Reviews, the New York Public Library, Publishers Weekly, and Shelf Awareness, and The Washington Post named The Wild Robot one of the year's best children's books; Booklist also named the audiobook one of the best audiobooks for children. The following year, the Association for Library Service to Children included it on their list of Notable Children's Books, and Booklist included the audiobook on their "Top 10 Middle-Grade Fiction on Audio" list. In 2019, Booklist included it on their list of the "50 Best Middle-Grade Novels of the 21st Century".
Adaptation
DreamWorks adapted The Wild Robot into an animated film, which was released September 2024. According to Kirkus Reviews, the film is "faithful to Brown’s story in its broad strokes, is impressive in some ways but not without its malfunctions".
The Wild Robot Escapes (2018)
The Wild Robot Escapes was published on March 13, 2018. The novel starts with Roz coming to life at Hilltop Farm, a dairy farm run by the Shareef family, which she is expected to help run. Although she attempts to act like the robot she was designed to be, she misses life on her island. As she speaks with the animals, word of her situation and location get to Brightbill, who comes to save her, with the help of the farmer's children. After escaping, Roz and Brightbill find more dangers and barriers to returning home.
Themes
The Wild Robot Escapes explores themes related to "the division between humans and machines", what it means to be considered 'different', and "the nature of love and selfhood".
Reception
The Wild Robot Escapes is a Junior Library Guild book and received starred reviews from Booklist and School Library Journal.
| 2.171875
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75949942
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second%20Battle%20of%20Kitshanga
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Second Battle of Kitshanga
|
The Second battle of Kitshanga broke out between Rwandan-backed M23 fighters and self-defense groups known as Wazalendo allied with the Congolese government. In January 2023, M23 rebels captured Kitshanga from the Congolese Army and allied forces in their renewed offensive in North Kivu. Wazalendo forces captured Kitshanga in early October 2023 as part of a counteroffensive, with the city switching hands between Wazalendo and the M23 after October 16, and a second M23 offensive on October 21 capturing the town.
Prelude
In January 2023, as part of their larger offensive against the Congolese government, Rwandan-backed M23 rebels attacked and captured the city of Kitchanga, which was defended at the time by Congolese army, self-defense militias, and Nduma Defense of Congo-Renovated (NDC-R) fighters. Following the M23's capture of the city, 20% of the population left. In May 2023, a refugee camp near Kitshanga was attacked by the rebel group CPC-Nyatura, killing thirteen civilians. Just before the fighting in October, Kitshanga was controlled by the East African Force, a multinational neutral coalition of East African countries.
Wazalendo was created by the FARDC in May 2023 as a coalition of pro-government (or largely anti-M23) rebel groups in North Kivu, and consisted of the Alliance of Patriots for a Free and Sovereign Congo (APCLS), Nduma Defense of Congo-Renovated (NDC-R), the Collective of Movements for Change (CMC), Patriotic Self-Defense Movement (MPA), and different Nyatura groups. Colonel Ngowa Luwanda of the APCLS was the self-described leader of the Wazalendo in the Kitshanga area.
| 1.9375
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75950164
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San%20Bartolom%C3%A9%20National%20Hospital
|
San Bartolomé National Hospital
|
San Bartolomé Mother–Child National Teaching Hospital (, HNDMNSB) is a public teaching hospital that specialises in pediatric and maternal care located in Alfonso Ugarte Avenue, in front of Archbishop Loayza National Hospital, in Lima, Peru. It is administered by the Ministry of Health (MINSA).
It was founded during the viceregal era, to care for freed blacks. Originally, its headquarters were in the current block 9 of the jirón Miró Quesada, in Barrios Altos. With the establishment of the Republic, it became a military hospital. In 1961 it was transformed into a maternal and children's hospital. In 1988 it moved to the location it currently occupies, on the eighth block of Alfonso Ugarte Avenue. In addition to its care function focused on mother and child, it is dedicated to teaching and research.
History
The San Bartolomé hospital was founded in 1651 by the Augustinian priest Friar Bartolomé de Vadillo, with the purpose of being a care center for freed blacks. It was preceded by a shelter first opened in 1646. Vadillo confirmed the need for an establishment of this type, since it happened then that when a black slave stopped being productive, whether due to illness or old age, the master gave him freedom, to avoid taking charge of his care. So there were many freedmen who were left completely helpless.
The hospital was built very close to the Santa Ana hospital (dedicated to the Indians) and the San Andrés hospital (where people of Spanish origin were treated), in the Santa Catalina neighbourhood, San Bartolomé street (ninth block of the current Jirón Miró Quesada), where it operated for more than three hundred years, until in 1988 it was moved to the site it currently occupies.
The facility suffered the ravages of the 1687 earthquake, being partially rebuilt by Sergeant Major Manuel Fernández Dávila, who was the hospital's butler. It suffered a second destruction during the earthquake of 1746, so it had to be completely remodeled.
| 2.515625
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75950689
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maryam%20Uwais
|
Maryam Uwais
|
Maryam Hajiya Uwais, is a Nigerian business woman, lawyer, human right activist and politician who served as the Special Advisor on Social Investments to Muhammadu Buhari from 2015 till 2023. She has over 36 years experience in law practice, including roles at the Kano state ministry of industry, the central bank of Nigeria and the Nigerian Law Reform Commission.
After her appointment, she was already an activist against poverty by working in N-Power, public enlightening and others.
Career
In 1981, Uwais started her education at Ahmadu Bello University where she had her LL.M in 1985. Nigeria Institute of Advanced Legal Studies awarded her a certificate of honor in Advanced practice and Procedure that same year and Legal drafting in 1989. Uwais worked as a consultant for several prominent organizations. These include the Open Society Initiative for West Africa, UNICEF, the World Bank, and the UK's Department for International Development (DfID). Uwais has also written and published numerous articles on a variety of subject areas, including economic and social rights, interfaith dialogue, child justice administration, and good governance.
She worked as a special rapporteur on Child's right of the council of the National Human Rights Commission.
In 2009, She founded the Isa Wali Empowerment Initiative.
She has also worked as a Non-Executive Director and Member of Board of Directors of Stanbic IBTC Holdings.
Activism
Her advocacy has been on gender related issues and feminism. She quoted, "...child marriage as the worst form of violence against the girl-child."
Uwais was the National Coordinator of At-Risk-Children Programme sponsored and owned by the Federal Government of Nigeria. Most of her work also touches child marriage in Nigeria and proposing Women's empowerment.
Media and public image
She was one of the speakers for TEDxYaba 2017.
| 2.25
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75950809
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barney%20%28franchise%29
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Barney (franchise)
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Barney is an American media franchise targeted at children aged 2–6. Centering around the titular character Barney, a purple anthropomorphic Tyrannosaurus rex who conveys educational messages through songs and small dance routines with a friendly, huggable and optimistic attitude, the franchise consists of three series: Barney & the Backyard Gang (1988—1991), a direct-to-video series consisting of only eight episodes; Barney & Friends (1992—2010), a television series that ran on PBS Kids; and Barney's World (2024–present), a fully computer-animated series set to air on Cartoon Network's Cartoonito, and which is currently streaming on Max. The franchise is currently distributed by 9 Story Media Group, under license from Mattel Television.
While popular with its intended audience, Barney drew severely negative reaction from the older set, who mocked the title character in popular culture through song parodies and comedy routines such as being beaten up by NBA star Charles Barkley on a Saturday Night Live episode. The anti-Barney phenomenon is the basis of the 2022 Peacock documentary I Love You, You Hate Me. Barney has also received immense praise from parents for being a wholesome yet engaging franchise for children that delves into common, kid-friendly topics.
Barney & the Backyard Gang
| 1.929688
| 0
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75950835
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frogger%20%28series%29
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Frogger (series)
|
Frogger is a Japanese video game series published and owned by Konami, and developed by multiple studios. The series generally involves a frog trying to travel across roads and rivers of high traffic and danger. The first game in the series was the 1981 arcade game Frogger, and new games in the series have been released in the following decades. In 2021, Frogger became a game show series on Peacock.
Games
The first game in the series was the 1981 arcade game Frogger, developed by Konami. The gameplay involves a frog trying to travel across roads and rivers of high traffic and danger. It was highly successful, being one of the first video game "smash hits", and "helped pushed the industry into the mainstream", according to PCMag. It was ported to many devices. A sequel, Frogger II: ThreeeDeep!, was released in 1984 for multiple consoles and computers.
Frogger is also the name of a 1997 game for the PlayStation and Microsoft Windows. There was also a 1998 Game.com version named Frogger Another sequel, Frogger 2: Swampy's Revenge was released in 2000 for the PlayStation, Game Boy Color, Microsoft Windows, and Dreamcast.
The sixth generation of video game consoles, and sometimes Windows, were the platform for Frogger: The Great Quest in 2001, Frogger Beyond in 2002, Frogger's Adventures: The Rescue in 2003, Frogger: Ancient Shadow in 2005, and Konami Kids Playground: Frogger Hop, Skip & Jumpin' Fun for the PlayStation 2 in 2007. The Game Boy Advance had four Frogger games, Frogger's Adventures: Temple of the Frog in 2001, Frogger Advance: The Great Quest in 2002, Frogger's Adventures 2: The Lost Wand in 2002, and Frogger's Journey: The Forgotten Relic in 2003. There were two mobile games in this time, Frogger in 2003, and Frogger Puzzle in 2005.
| 2.296875
| 0
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75950909
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter%20Weberhofer
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Walter Weberhofer
|
Walter Weberhofer Quintana (San Jerónimo de Tunán; — Lima; ) was a Peruvian architect of the 20th century.
Biography
Weberhofer was born on March 24, 1923, to parents Oswaldo Weberhofer Pilts and Dolores Quintana Gurt. His father, born in 1886 in the Austro-Hungarian town of Liezen, was a park ranger in nearby Graz. He emigrated to Argentina in 1912 and, after living in Asunción, left for Peru in 1921 to work on a bridge in the Mantaro River, marrying his wife the following year.
He studied at the Alfonso Ugarte School during his youth. He later studied architecture from 1947 to 1951 at the National School of Engineering. Prior to his studies, he worked as a structural draftsman at the Ministry of Public Works and in the office of architect Enrique Seoane Ros. Later he carried out his professional internships in Brazil.
From 1957 to 1965, he began his partnership with the architect Remigio Collantes with whom he developed several structures, mainly houses in Santa María del Mar.
Notable works
(with José Álvarez Calderón, 1954)
Casa Fernandini, Santa María del Mar (1958)
Cine Tauro (1957–8)
Coliseo Gran Chimu (1965–1971, with Gilberto Bendezú and Miguel Ángel Ganoza)
Edificio Petroperú (1969–1973, with Daniel Arana Ríos)
| 2.46875
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75951495
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sisyrinchium%20albilapidense
|
Sisyrinchium albilapidense
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Sisyrinchium albilapidense is a species of flowering plant in the family Iridaceae. It is recorded only from a single location in the state of Santa Caterina, Brazil, where it grows in subtropical mixed forest.
Description
Sisyrinchium albilapidense is a erect, perennial herbaceous plant that grows 9–24 cm tall. The plant has thin, fibrous roots, about 3 mm thick. Above these grows a tuft of linear-attenuate, upright basal leaves, 4.5–15 cm long by 1–1.5 mm wide. The leaves are smooth (glabrous) and stiff with pointed (acute) tips.
The flowers are borne on an unbranched, upright stem 1.1–1.4 mm wide that rises 6–20 cm from the base. The stem is rigid, with narrow, straight-edged wings. It terminates in a narrow bract, 1.5–8 cm long, that has papery edges at the base. Arising from the stem at the point where the terminal bract connects is a small group of flower clusters, called a fasciculiform synflorescence. This synflorescence consists of 1–3 closely clustered rhipidia—a rhipidium is an alternately branched group of flowers contained between a pair of spathes (small bracts) that is characteristic of the Iridaceae family. In the case of Sisyrinchium albilapidense, each rhipidium begins with a pedicel 1–18 mm long (sometimes almost absent or subsessile) and bears 3–5 flowers. The lower valve of each spathe is 11–14 mm long by 1.6 mm wide and the upper valve is 12–14 mm long by 1.6 mm wide. The shape of the spathe valves is acute to long apiculate and they are glabrous, with a membranaceous (papery) margin for the first 1–1.2 mm. Each flower is borne on a glabrous pedicel 14–18 mm long, which is longer than spathes.
| 2.125
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75951495
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sisyrinchium%20albilapidense
|
Sisyrinchium albilapidense
|
The perigon (the structure formed by the flower's tepals) is disk shaped, and mostly yellow or whitish. The tepals are yellow at the base, followed by a brown or burgundy (vinaceous) ring. Five burgundy-colored veins (three large, two small) extend out from the ring along the yellowish tepals; these are visible from above and below. Fresh flowers are 11–12 mm in diameter. The six tepals are roughly equal in size, 4.5–6 mm long by 2–2.5 mm wide, oblanceolate in shape and apiculate. The lower (abaxial) surface of each tepal bears sparse trichomes (hair-like structures). The stamen filaments are fused into a cylindrical staminal column 2–2.4 mm long. The lowest 0.5–0.7 mm is covered with oil-producing trichomes (elaiophores); above that the trichomes are more sparsely distributed. The staminal column is mostly light yellow but may be burgundy-colored toward the tip. The stamens bear 2–3 mm long yellow anthers that are connected to the filaments at their bases (basifixed). The flower's ovary is glabrous and generally spherical globose, measuring about 1 mm long and wide. Rising above the ovary, the style is 2.5–3 mm long, yellow and unbranched. At the top of the style, projecting above the anthers is the stigmatic region, which receives pollen. Each flower matures to form a smooth, brown fruiting capsule that is globose to subglobose, 1.9–6 mm long by 2.5–6 mm diameter. Flowers and fruits are reported from October to January.
Taxonomy
Sisyrinchium albilapidense was described by the Chilean botanist Pierfelice Ravenna in 2001. Ravenna's description appeared in volume 5, issue 12 of his self-published journal Onira, which had very limited distribution. (Ravenna appears to have inadvertently published two issues numbered 12 in volume 5; this is the latter of the two, dated 20 May 2001.) The species is accepted as a correct name by the global taxonomy resource Plants of the World Online.
| 2.375
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75951657
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20environmental%20issues%20in%20Victoria
|
List of environmental issues in Victoria
|
Tyre stockpiles
2017: Approximately one million tyres that weighed about 9500 tonnes were removed in over 380 truck loads from a site in Stawell that posed a fire risk. The removal was completed in nine weeks. The removal cost EPA Victoria A$4.5 million.
2019: Approximately half a million tyres that weighed 5000 tonnes were removed over 10 weeks from a site in Numurkah that posed a fire risk. The removal cost EPA Victoria A$2 million.
Water pollution
2018: PFAS chemicals were found in groundwater at Esso's Longford plant impacting local agriculture and livestock operations. The chemicals, known to be linked to cancer in people and animals, impacted the operations of livestock operations.
2018: Fatty and smelly liquid were found in the Yuroke Creek, in Broadmeadows, due to a leak coming from a local dairy manufacturing company. The leak caused damage to the wildlife and vegetation.
2021: Foster Creek in Korumburra received wastewater from South Gippsland Water's treatment plant due to an excess in its processing capacity.
2022: 13,000 litres of detergent were spilled in Cherry Lake after an industrial fire happened in Laverton North and killed 20 tonnes of fish.
2022: Sediments were reported running through the Yarrowee river impacting flora and fauna.
2022: East Gippsland Water got fined twice for discharging million litres of wastewater into Macleod Morass and failing to comply with their regulatory notice to EPA Victoria.
2023: Concrete gravel escaped through stormwater drains in Laverton North and caused risk to local waterways and Cherry lake.
| 1.976563
| 0
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75951673
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snapchat%20dysmorphia
|
Snapchat dysmorphia
|
Snapchat dysmorphia, also known as "selfie dysmorphia", is a trending phenomenon used to describe patients who seek out plastic surgery in order to replicate and appear like their filtered selfies or altered images of themselves. The increasing availability and variety of filters used on social media apps, such as Snapchat or Instagram, allow users to edit and apply filters to their photos in an instant – blemish the skin, narrow the nose, enlarge the eyes, and numerous other edits to one's facial features. These heavily edited images create unrealistic and unnatural expectations of one's appearance, showing users a "perfected" view of themselves. The disconnection between one's real-life appearance and the highly filtered versions of oneself manifest into body insecurity and dysmorphia. The distorted perception of oneself can potentially evolve into an obsessive preoccupation with perceived flaws in one's appearance, a mental disorder known as body dysmorphic disorder (or BDD). BDD has been classified as part of the obsessive-compulsive spectrum and it is currently affecting one in 50 Americans.
| 2.0625
| 0
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75952544
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippolyte%20Jouvin
|
Hippolyte Jouvin
|
Hippolyte Jouvin (1825–1889) was a French photographer and publisher of stereoscopic photographs. He is considered a pioneer in the field of photogravure, and was one of the first photographers to use wet collodion process.
In 1863, he published a series of over two hundred stereoscopic photographs titled Vues instantanées de Paris ("instant views of Paris"). The term "instant" refers to the fast exposure time which allowed for the capture of people in the streets. With earlier large format cameras, long exposure times would have rendered the streets of Paris as empty. In 1867, Jouvin won a gold medal at the Paris Exposition Universelle for his photogravures.
Art historians have argued that Jouvin's Vues instantanées de Paris may have been a source of inspiration to the Impressionists. Art historian Aaron Scharf compared the elevated viewpoints in some of the paintings of Gustave Caillebotte to the elevated viewpoints of Jouvin's photographs. Scharf also compared the style of cropping in Edgar Degas's paintings Place de la Concorde and At the Races in the Countryside to the cropped figures and carriages in Jouvin's photographs.
Hippolyte Jouvin's photographs are present in the collections of the Bibliothèque nationale de France, the Library of Congress, the J. Paul Getty Museum, and the George Eastman Museum.
Gallery
| 2.796875
| 0
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75952573
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen%27s%20Road%2C%20Richmond
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Queen's Road, Richmond
|
Queen's Road is a street in Richmond in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames, running southwestwards from Sheen Road up Richmond Hill until it meets the street of that name by the former Star and Garter Home. It forms a section of the B353 road and runs roughly parallel to the edge of Richmond Park. Pesthouse Common, now an area of open space but previously the site of a plague house, is located near the northern end of the street.
The street includes three schools – Christ's School which is a secondary school, and two primary schools, Marshgate Primary School and St Elizabeth's RC Primary School. The former Richmond Theological College was the site of the Richmond American University from 1972 to 2022 until it relocated to Chiswick Park.
The street dates back until at least the eighteenth century, when it was a carriageway across common land in what was then largely rural Surrey. Historically named Black Horse Lane after a public house at the junction with Sheen Road, it gained its current name in the 1840s when, according to the Richmond Local History Society, it was "almost certainly" renamed in honour of Queen Victoria. The street was improved from 1825 at the behest of Joseph Ellis, the owner of the Star and Garter Hotel, despite concerns from Richmond tradesman that his might mean that visitors would bypass the town when travelling to Richmond Hill. Some of the street's older buildings, including the Grade II-listed Richmond Gate Hotel, are at its southern end.
The more modern social housing of the Queen's Road Estate was developed between 1971 and 1983 by the Richmond Parish Lands Charity and designed by the architects Darbourne & Darke. The first phase of the estate was Grade II listed by Historic England in 2012.
The history of the street was the subject of a Museum of Richmond exhibition in 2020/21. A digital version of the exhibition is still available to view online.
| 2.078125
| 0
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75952718
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alice%20Callis%20Hunter
|
Alice Callis Hunter
|
Alice Callis Hunter (1898–1989) was a community leader in Washington, DC. Hunter was the first black appointee on the D.C. Recreation Board, where she fought segregation in the city's recreation facilities. Later, Hunter was the first black president of the District of Columbia League of Women Voters.
Early life and education
Hunter's father, Rev. H.J. Callis, was born a slave in Matthews County, VA.
Hunter moved to Washington, DC in 1916. Hunter graduated from Miner Teachers College, and later studied at Howard University.
Service and volunteerism
Hunter was president of the D.C. Federation of Parent Teacher Associations and of the parent-teacher associations of Cook Elementary, Terrell Junior High and Armstrong Technical High School, where her husband was a teacher and her son attended high school.
In 1942, Hunter became the first black appointee to the D.C. Recreation Board. Hunter was a vocal critic of the board's policy on segregation, but struggled to win over the white members of the board. Hunter was named to the 1945 Honor Roll of the Washington Afro-American for her "courageous fight against segregation in the District recreation setup." Hunter resigned from the Recreation Board in 1955 after 13 years. At a dinner commemorating her service, D.C. Commissioner Robert McLaughlin called Hunter the "patron saint of integration in D.C." and presented her with a certificate of merit from the Board of D.C. Commissioners.
After her resignation from the Recreation Board, Hunter and her husband spent two and a half years in Indonesia. Hunter volunteered as an English teacher for women while her husband worked as a teacher trainer as part of an effort sponsored by the International Cooperation Administration, the precursor for USAID.
Hunter was the first black woman to be elected president of a local League of Women Voters, serving as president of the District of Columbia League of Women Voters from 1963 to 1965.
| 2.484375
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75952781
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarah%20Brandon%20Moses
|
Sarah Brandon Moses
|
In either 1811 or 1812, Sarah and her brother Isaac relocated to Paramaribo in the Dutch colony of Suriname and underwent formal conversions to Judaism. Sarah was 13 and her brother Isaac was 19. Synagogue records from Suriname list both siblings as converts and as Portuguese Jews. Following her conversion, her father sent her to Greater London in 1815 to receive an education at an elite Sephardic girls' school. Once in England, Sarah had servants of her own. While in England, she and her brother's portraits were painted. In the paintings, the painter used a technique to exaggerate the lightness of their skin. At age 18, Sarah married a wealthy American Ashkenazi Jew named Joshua Moses, the son of German-born American banker Isaac Moses; their wedding occurred at Bevis Marks Synagogue, the Portuguese synagogue in London. Her wedding dowry was £10,000, or approximately $30 million in 2020.
Moses' husband worked with Stephen Girard, a wealthy French-American banker, who moved them to Manhattan in 1817. In Manhattan, she gave birth to 10 children. She died in 1828 at age 30. Moses' mother Esther had died in 1823 and was buried as a Jew in New York City. On United States Census records, Moses and her family are listed as "white".
Legacy
The portrait of Moses is a watercolor on ivory painting. The artist is unknown. It is held by the American Jewish Historical Society in Manhattan.
In 2020, the historian Laura Arnold Leibman wrote The Art of the Jewish Family, a chapter of which is about Moses and her family.
| 2.71875
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75952930
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voldemort%20effect
|
Voldemort effect
|
The Voldemort effect is a social phenomenon where people are fearful of naming someone, to speak of something or acknowledge it exists, and therefore derail any attempt to confront it. The phrase takes cue from the line associated with Lord Voldemort in the Harry Potter series: 'he who must not be named', because they are terrified to name him or they deny his existence.
Background
The expression was popularized by British activist Maajid Nawaz in 2015, where he applied it for analysts, experts, social commentators and politicians, among others, who are fearful or hesitant to call out the ideology of Islamism as the underlying cause of Jihadist terrorism.
Nawaz stated that people refusing to acknowledge radical Islam are comparable to members of Hogwarts who refuse to mention Voldemort's name, and by declining to name him, they forestall an open discussion from taking place about an accomplishable solution, which therefore exacerbates the situation, causes more dread and panic, and further glorifies the myth of his powerful nature. Majid says: "Refusing to name a problem, and failing to recognize it, is never a good way to solve it".
History of usage
The earliest usage of "Voldemort effect" was in an Australian infant health research in 2008 which reported that formula feeding was seldom named in publication titles or abstracts as a health risk factor for babies.
The term was used in 2011 for American politics, which had a different meaning, and was used to describe politicians who point out their favorite political figures just to ardently cite the ability to "drive the other side crazy."
| 2.046875
| 0
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75953383
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condate%20Riedonum
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Condate Riedonum
|
Condate Riedonum is the Gallo-Roman name for the city of Rennes in France. It was the main city and capital of the civitas Riedonum in Roman Gaul.
Etymology
Condate is a toponym of Gaulish origin which refers to a river confluence. Riedonum comes from the tribe of the Riedones, of which Condate was the capital. This epithet was only used after the Roman conquest of the region.
History
After the Roman conquest of Gaul, Condate Riedonum became the main city of its civitas. Its name is mentioned on both the Antonine Itinerary and Tabula Peutingeriana.
During the 1st and 2nd centuries AD, Pax Romana allowed the city to develop. But tensions within the Roman Empire between the 3rd and 4th centuries AD had repercussions on the economy and expansion of the city, now reduced to a core. Around this core, the medieval city was organized under the influence of Christianity. The city became Christian during the 6th and 7th centuries AD. The creation of a bishopric in Rennes led to new monastic settlements. Necropolises in the city were Christianized and new places of worship were built, including the and .
| 2.703125
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75954090
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20Babbage%27s%20Saturday%20night%20soir%C3%A9es
|
Charles Babbage's Saturday night soirées
|
Charles Babbage's Saturday night soirées were gatherings held by the mathematician and inventor Charles Babbage at his home in Dorset Street, Marylebone, London from 1828 and into the 1840s. The soirées were attended by the cultural elite of the time.
Scientific soirées
Babbage left England when his wife and father died in 1827. On his return in 1828, now in possession of a considerable inheritance, he began to host Saturday evening parties. The science historian James A. Secord describes the parties as "scientific soirées". Secord writes that Babbage imported the idea from France, and once established, such soirées "became one of the chief ways in which scientific discussion could take place on a more sustained basis within polite society."
In her autobiography, the English writer and sociologist Harriet Martineau wrote: "All were eager to go to his glorious soirées and I always thought he appeared to great advantage as a host. His patience in explaining his machine in those days was really exemplary."
According to biographers Bruce Collier and James H. MacLachlan, "Babbage was a bon vivant with a love of dining out and socialising. He sparkled as a host and raconteur. His Saturday soirées were glittering events attended by the social and intellectual elite of London."
Guests
Hundreds of prominent people attended the soirées, including Ada Lovelace, Lady Byron, Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, Charles Darwin and Emma Darwin, Charles Dickens, Michael Faraday, Sophia Elizabeth De Morgan, Mary Somerville, Harriet Martineau, photographic inventor Henry Fox Talbot, the actor William Macready, the composer Felix Mendelssohn, the historian Thomas Babington Macaulay, telegraph inventor Charles Wheatstone, the French philosopher Alexis de Tocqueville, geologist Charles Lyell and his wife Mary Lyell, Mary's sister Frances, the Belgian ambassador Sylvain Van de Weyer, electrical inventor Andrew Crosse and many others. According to C. R. Keeler, up to 200-300 people might attend one evening event.
| 2.28125
| 0
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75954518
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seafirst%20Bank%20robbery
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Seafirst Bank robbery
|
On February 10, 1997, the Seafirst Bank branch of Lakewood, Washington, was robbed of $4,461,681 in cash by Billy Kirkpatrick and Ray Bowman, also known as the Trenchcoat Robbers. An investigation by the Federal Bureau of Investigation and the Internal Revenue Service caught the two, and they were both sent to 15 years in prison in 1999. It is one of the largest robberies in U.S. history.
Background
Billy Kirkpatrick, from Hovland, Minnesota, and Ray Bowman, from Kansas City, Missouri, were two criminals from the Midwest known as the Trenchcoat Robbers, who performed robberies across the United States from the 1970s to the 1990s. In the 1970s, they stole disco records from record stores, and then in the 1980s they started robbing banks at gunpoint. From then until February 1997, they stole $3.5 million in 26 heists across the country. Because they wore trench coats during their robberies, the two were named the Trenchcoat Robbers by the Federal Bureau of Investigation, who had very little information on the culprits. In 1997, Kirkpatrick was 57 and Bowman was 53.
Starting in January 1997, the two staked out the Seafirst Bank branch of Lakewood, Washington. The bank was a repository for other banks, businesses, and a casino, and at the close of business, the cash was stored in the bank's main vault. They stayed at a hotel in Kent, and took time to blend in with the locals, eating at high-end restaurants and attending a piano recital at the University of Washington. They cased the bank, finding out the vault was "packed with an extraordinary amount of cash" to cover an upcoming payday of soldiers at Fort Lewis, and devised a getaway route. The two stole a Jeep Cherokee using a set of manufacturer's master keys that Kirkpatrick had bought in the mail after posing as a locksmith.
| 2.140625
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75955045
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glissando%20babbler
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Glissando babbler
|
The glissando babbler (Pellorneum saturatum) is a species of bird in the ground babbler family Pellorneidae. It is found on the Indonesian islands of Bangka and Belitung as well as west and southwest Borneo. It was formerly considered to be a subspecies of the short-tailed babbler, now renamed the mourning babbler (Pellorneum malaccense).
Taxonomy
The glissando babbler was formally described in 1920 by the British zoologists Herbert C. Robinson and C. Boden Kloss based on specimens collected near the Tinjar River, a tributary of the Baram River, in northern Sarawak, Malaysia. They considered it as a subspecies of the short-tailed babbler, now renamed the mourning babbler, and coined the trinomial name Anuropsis malaccensis saturata. The specific epithet is from Latin saturatus meaning "richly coloured". The glissando babbler has been move to the genus Pellorneum that was introduced in 1832 by the English naturalist William Swainson. Based on the vocal and genetic differences it is now treated as a separate species. The species is considered to be monotypic: no subspecies are recognised.
| 2.65625
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75955961
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lajos%20Kaz%C3%A1r
|
Lajos Kazár
|
Lajos Kazár (1924–1998) was a Hungarian linguist.
Early life
Lajos Kazár was born in 1924 in Balozsameggyes, Vas County, Hungary, into a poor family as the son of a blacksmith. After graduating with honors from the Királyi State Ferenc Faludi High School in Szombathely, he continued his studies in Kassán. At the beginning of 1945, due to the war, he was displaced to Germany and was only able to resume his studies in 1947–48.
Life in Australia
In the fall of 1949, he emigrated with his wife, Margarete Jung, the widow of Karl Leopold von Möller, to Australia. There, he worked in factories and on his own farm in Horsham, Victoria, until 1963. In 1966, he completed four years of Oriental Studies at The Australian National University in Canberra, majoring in Chinese and Japanese languages, Asian civilization, and general linguistics. Between 1970 and 1974, he studied at the Department of Uralic and Altaic Studies at Indiana University. From 1974 to 1977, he worked and conducted research in Austria and the United States, including at the library of Lajos Szathmáry in Chicago.
He then continued his studies at the University of Hamburg's Japanese Department with a scholarship from the German Research Foundation, where he remained until the fall of 1982 and published most of his findings. He wrote his dissertation at Indiana University Bloomington on the topic of Japanese-Uralic linguistic relations (Uralic-Japanese linguistic relations: A preliminary investigation, 1974; [Uralic-Japanese linguistic relations: preparatory investigation]). In 1982, he returned to Canberra, and from the following year until 1993, he served as a lecturer and researcher in the Linguistics Department of The Australian National University's Research School of Pacific Studies.
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75955961
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lajos%20Kaz%C3%A1r
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Lajos Kazár
|
He is credited with translating the Kojiki, the earliest Japanese chronicle, into Hungarian. This was the sixth translation of the Kojiki into a foreign language, following translations into Chinese, English, Italian, French, and German. Another major focus of his research was the history of Transylvania, where he made significant contributions. Much of his work on this topic was devoted to describing Transylvania and critiquing the Dacian-Roman continuity theory. His arguments against this theory are presented in his work Facts Against Fiction: Transylvania – Homeland of the Wallachians/Romanians, in which he highlighted errors about Transylvania found in foreign encyclopedias.
Japanese-Uralic language comparison
The largest part of his work focused on exploring the possible Uralic relationship of the Japanese language. He hypothesized that the Japanese language shares similarities with the languages of the Uralic language family. His theory, titled Japanese-Uralic Language Comparison: Locating Japanese Origins with the Help of Samoyed, Finnish, Hungarian, etc.: An Attempt, is explained in his research. In this work, he compares around six hundred Japanese words with Uralic words, drawing from Finnish, Samoyed, and Hungarian languages, among others. He presents a total of 594 etymological suggestions and 30 morphological parallels.
In 1997, he published Japanese-Uralic Language Comparison: A Substantially Abbreviated Summary in Japanese, English, German, and Hungarian. As noted in the introduction, the volume provides a simplified ethnographic-linguistic (ethnolinguistic) selection with a few additions, drawn from the findings he had previously published in his earlier work.
| 1.960938
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75955961
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lajos%20Kaz%C3%A1r
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Lajos Kazár
|
Another counterargument against his interpretations is that "he does not specify which of the meanings of Japanese words (which he sometimes provides with 3 to 9 different meanings) he considers to be the original (initial) meaning. For example: Japanese am.e, am.a- or Old Japanese am.a (meaning 'sky, rain, deity') compared to Finnish jumma (meaning 'god'), and Japanese at.aeru or Old Japanese at.ap.u (meaning 'gives, places near') compared to Finnish anta- (meaning 'give'), among others."
According to linguist László Grétsy, Kazár "investigated a connection between our language and Japanese, and, in the form of a dictionary, demonstrated the many similarities between the two languages."
According to a blog that discusses the issue in several posts, the Uralist linguist Koizumi Tamotsu from Japan expresses doubts about Kazár's theory in his work Jomongo no Hakken (Tokyo, 1998), although he does not categorically reject it.
Criticisms of his theory can be roughly summarized as follows: possible methodological errors due to the omission of Altaic languages, issues regarding the age of Old Japanese and Uralic languages, and, in some cases, a lack of clarity regarding the basic meanings.
Until now, there has been no in-depth, detailed evaluation of his work.
Translations
His significant achievement is the translation of the Kojiki, the ancient Japanese chronicle and collection of religious texts, into Hungarian. This translation was first published in Sydney in 1982 by the Hungarian Historical Society. Although the second edition has the same publication data as the first, the preface suggests it was likely published in Budapest. (The "Foreword to the Hungarian Edition" on page 3 ends with a Budapest date of 1993.) According to the volume's introduction, the "basic material used for the translation was the complete, new, and annotated Chinese edition of the Old Japanese text by Kinoshita."
| 1.929688
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75956191
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giuseppe%20Frassinetti
|
Giuseppe Frassinetti
|
One day, she had the courage to open up the idea to her father Giambattista, who was not particularly happy about it. His only daughter Paolina, as he fondly called her, seemed to him irreplaceable for the smooth running of the family. Some friends, however, advised him to let her try; arguing that the girl's precarious health would have made her undertaking impossible. As Paola began to search for a religious order, all the available proposals seemed impractical. One of the recurring problems was the lack of a dowry, generally required for entering a monastery, which was above the means of her modest family.
Meanwhile, partly because of her life of intense work and voluntary penance, and partly because of the sorrows of this fruitless search, Paola's health was deteriorating.
Willing to help her, Fr. Joseph, who had just become parish priest in Quinto, seeing that the town had healthy air and a mild climate, obtained permission from his father that Paola would live with him for a while. The young lady, who was by then twenty-two years old, found immediate benefit from the climate, and, as expected, could not remain idle. In addition to helping in the parish rectory, she set up a small school of sewing, housekeeping, and reading, for the local girls. In the meantime, she met with some young women of the town, with whom she would go to the nearby Mount Moro on Sundays, to spend time in pious conversations and religious songs. Little by little, Paola transmitted to them the desire to offer themselves to the Lord and to embrace the consecrated life.
| 2.125
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75956191
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giuseppe%20Frassinetti
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Giuseppe Frassinetti
|
Fr. Joseph, who was following the events closely, developed with Paola the idea of founding a new religious institute, in which dowries would not be required. This project was approved by the members of the Congregation of Blessed Leonardo, and was also positively evaluated by the famous Jesuit Father Antonio Bresciani, to whom they turned for advice. It was decided to make a one-year trial, during which each of the twelve girls, who had declared their commitment, would act as superior for a week, in turns. Every Sunday, they would meet for religious instruction under the direction of Fr. Joseph.
After an enthusiastic beginning, some problems began to appear: first, because of several unreasonable rumors; and second, due to the fact that some of the ladies began wavering in their commitment. Fr. Joseph, thinking that the experience was about to end, shared his feeling with his sister. Quite courageously, Paola, who had been completely submissive until then, opposed her brother openly, arguing that, with God's help, she was willing to go ahead - alone if needed. Fr. Joseph, admiring her determination, resumed his collaboration. After due discernment, it came out that there were six ladies willing to continue the religious experience; and it was decided that the new community should be called, "Sisters of the Holy Faith" (Suore di Santa Fede).
| 2.28125
| 0
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75956191
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giuseppe%20Frassinetti
|
Giuseppe Frassinetti
|
According to Fr. Frassinetti, the starting point of the path to holiness is the desire for it, without which it is impossible to proceed. This desire must be nurtured with great care, to the point of "offering ourself to God", that is, to entrust to him all of our being and possessions. By doing so, we shall receive God's holiness in accordance with his loving Will. It is good to repeat frequently this Offering, in order to make it ever more alive in our personal life.
In order to realize the friendship with God, it is necessary our correspondence to good inspirations and the assistance of a Spiritual Director, who is particularly needed in dubious situations. Fr. Frassinetti pointed to St. Philip Neri as an example of a good spiritual director, especially for his wholistic approach and joyful manners.
This Frassinetti Method proposes to develop in every Christian the seed of the divine life he has received in Baptism, focusing on the spiritual development in the real life.
Among the most useful means for growing constantly in the spiritual life, drawing on the doctrine of St. Teresa of Avila and the Carmelite school, are prayer and spiritual friendships. In connection with this, Fr. Frassinetti wrote "The Pater Noster of St. Teresa of Avila - Treatise on Prayer" (Il Pater Noster di Santa Teresa d'Avila - Trattato sulla preghiera), and "The Spiritual friendships" (Amicizie spirituali) - works that are still read today with great benefit.
The principal means for growing in Grace, however, is the one given to us by Jesus himself: the Holy Mass. Fr. Frassinetti had a great love for this sacrament, in which Jesus continues to be present among us. He was a most zealous promoter of frequent and daily Communion - provided the communicant is in the state of Grace and free of mortal sin. On this regard, he wrote a bestseller book, translated in several European languages: "The Banquet of Divine Love" (Il Convito del divino amore-1867), which happened to be his last publication.
| 2.015625
| 0
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75956936
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War%20in%20Gotland%20%281448%E2%80%931449%29
|
War in Gotland (1448–1449)
|
Aftermath
After the agreement was signed with Eric, Birger sailed back to Sweden in order to inform the king of it, but he was promptly sent back in order to make the Gutes swear allegiance to the king. Eric was invited to the Swedish lords to celebrate New Year's Eve, something that led him to stop the Danish ransom of Visborg, and on New Year's morning, he set fire to the closer parts of the city where the Swedes were quartered. In January 1449, the Gutes formally pledged their allegiance to Charles with the justification that Gotland "formerly belonged to Sweden's crown by right, according to what our chronicle clearly proves, and certificates".
The Swedish invasion of Gotland was not received well in Denmark, and the Danish king had secretly given Eric a better offer, namely three Danish castles on Falster and Lolland and 10,000 guilders in exchange for Visborg. In April, the Danish king arrived on Gotland, and Eric promptly handed over Visborg and headed back to Denmark. Charles proposed that the Gotland issue was to be solved judicially with representatives from the Hanseatic cities, and in the summer, the Swedes prepared to storm Visby. However, nothing came of this, and Magnus Gren signed a truce with Olof Axelsson on 18 July. Danish reinforcements to Gotland solidifed the fact that Gotland had been lost to the Danes.
| 2.546875
| 0
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75957601
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward%20%22Eddie%22%20Rosenstein
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Edward "Eddie" Rosenstein
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In 2008, Rosenstein began working on Sandhogs, a feature length documentary and subsequent non-fiction television series about the urban miners building new water tunnels and subway tunnels under New York City. He aimed to gain insight into the lives and challenges of the sandhogs by working alongside them. After initial difficulties gaining access, he got a position on one of the gangs, replacing an injured worker. Rosenstein spent months working with the sandhogs to gain their trust, becoming a union miner and even obtaining an explosive handling license before introducing a camera to document their experiences and the importance of sandhogs' work.
In 2011, Rosenstein directed the documentary short film Boatlift, narrated by Tom Hanks, which chronicles the sea evacuation of over 500,000 people from Manhattan on 9/11.
In 2016, Rosenstein directed The Freedom to Marry. The film premiered at Frameline Film Festival, Maine Jewish Film Festival, Seoul Pride Festival, and won prizes at festivals including Savannah Film Festival, Three Rivers Film Festival and Sebastopol Documentary Film Festival.
Rosenstein's work as an immersive documentary filmmaker served as inspiration for the character Mark Cohen in the musical RENT, written by Jonathan Larson, who was one of Rosenstein's close friends.
During his career, Rosenstein has worked on documentaries, reality television, and children's programming for networks such as AMC, A&E, HBO, Nickelodeon, and PBS Kids. He is the founder of Eyepop Productions.
Rosenstein is also a faculty member and directing professor at the New York Film Academy.
| 2.390625
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75959652
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minrose%20Gwin
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Minrose Gwin
|
Minrose Gwin (born November 9, 1945) is an American novelist, memoirist, literary and cultural scholar, teacher, and editor, whose works focus primarily on the American South. Like the characters in her novel Promise, she was born in Tupelo, Mississippi.
Education
Gwin received her B.A., M.A., and Ph.D. in English from the University of Tennessee in Knoxville. She also attended Mississippi University for Women.
Writing career
Gwin began her writing career as a general assignment news reporter, working at the Press-Register in Mobile, Alabama; United Press International in the Atlanta and Nashville bureaus, where she covered the civil rights movement; and the Knoxville News-Sentinel, where she worked the night police beat.
Gwin turned to freelance writing while in graduate school, then began writing scholarly books and articles after receiving her Ph.D. She is the author of four books of literary and cultural criticism and many articles and lectures. Her work focuses on issues of race, gender, sexuality, and region. She was one of the first scholars to write about southern women's slave narratives, as well as William Faulkner’s treatment of gender and the spatial dynamics of women’s fiction. In 2013, she published Remembering Medgar Evers: Writing the Long Civil Rights Movement, which brought together journalistic accounts, poetry, fiction, and song about the slain Mississippi Civil Rights leader, with a cover endorsement from his widow, Myrlie Evers-Williams who called the book “a treasure”. Gwin has also edited or coedited books, anthologies, and journals in the field of Southern literature.
| 2.5
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75959652
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minrose%20Gwin
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Minrose Gwin
|
In 2004, Gwin published the memoir Wishing for Snow about the collision of poetry and psychosis in her mother's life. The memoir marked her turn to creative writing. Her debut novel, The Queen of Palmyra (2010), was a finalist for the John Gardner Fiction Book Award and a Barnes and Noble Discover Great New Writers selection. Her second novel, Promise (2018), was shortlisted for the Willie Morris Award in Southern Literature; her third, The Accidentals (2019), received the Mississippi Institute of Arts and Letters Award for Fiction. Her fourth novel, Beautiful Dreamers, was scheduled for publication in 2024 by Hub City Press. Lee Smith has called The Queen of Palmyra "the most powerful and also the most lyrical novel about race, racism and denial in the American South since To Kill a Mockingbird", and Kirkus Reviews has described "Gwin's prose [as] profound and Faulknerian in tone."
Teaching career
Minrose Gwin has taught as a professor at universities across the United States, including Virginia Tech (1983–1990), the University of New Mexico (1990–2001), Binghamton University (2001–2002), Purdue University (2002–2005), and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, where she was Kenan Eminent Professor of English and Comparative Literature (2005–2018). She has given readings and lectures at universities, conferences, and other venues across the country. She is now retired from teaching.
| 2.28125
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75959885
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9var%C3%A9%20hotel%20attack
|
Sévaré hotel attack
|
On August 7, 2015, jihadists from Al-Mourabitoun and Katiba Macina attacked the Byblos Hotel in Sévaré, Mali. The attack was one of the largest attacks against civilians in Mopti Region during the Mali War, and led to the deaths of thirteen people, including five civilians.
Background
Jihadist groups like Ansar Dine and al-Mourabitoun have been fighting the Malian government since the Tuareg rebellion broke out in 2012. In late 2014 and early 2015, these groups expanded westward, gaining footholds into Tombouctou Region and Mopti Region, and sometimes conducting attacks in major western Malian centers such as a restaurant in Bamako in March 2015 and Nara that June.
On August 3, just four days before the attack in Sévaré, militants from Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb attacked Malian forces in the riverine town of Gourma-Rharous, Tombouctou region, killing eleven soldiers.
Attack
On August 7, a small group of jihadists was dispatched to the Byblos Hotel in Sévaré, locally known as a place for former pilots and mechanics working for MINUSMA. The first attack was on a bus carrying the expatriates to the Mopti Airport, when a jihadist opened fire on the bus driver, who fled on foot. The jihadist then threw a grenade into the bus, killing two people. Afterwards, the perpetrator fled into the Byblos Hotel.
Due to Sévaré's proximity to the Malian military base in Mopti, a large number of Malian soldiers were quickly dispatched to Sévaré. The Malian government surrounded the hotel, engaging in a shootout that lasted for several hours. Three soldiers were killed in a vehicle bombing during the shootout. That night, Malian gendarmerie teams launched an assault on the hotel at around 4 or 5 am. No shots were fired, and the Malian forces discovered the bodies of two expatriates. The last jihadist in the hotel was killed.
The French army, while stationed at the nearby airport, did not intervene with the exception of a few fly-bys over the hotel by French planes.
Aftermath
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75960540
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callater%20Burn
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Callater Burn
|
The Callater Burn is a river in the Scottish council area of Aberdeenshire. Queen Victoria's last excursion with her husband Prince Albert, who died in 1861, is said to have taken place on 16 October of the same year through Glen Clunie to Glen Callater, which Albert is said to have admired for its beauty.
Geography
The Callater Burn flows on its northwest bank from Loch Callater, located at an altitude of in the central Grampian Mountains. It initially flows for two kilometers in a primarily northwesterly direction. It then turns north for another before flowing northwest again. Three kilometers south of Braemar, after a total of around six kilometers, the Callater Burn flows from the right into the Clunie Water, which drains into the North Sea via the River Dee. The Callater Burn passes the Creag nan Gabhar, the Creag an Loch and the Meall an t-Slugain.
Its valley, Glen Callater, also includes Loch Callater and its main tributary, the Allt na Loch. It leads to the Tolmount near the Angus border. The banks of the Callater Burns are unpopulated. Near its mouth, Auchallater Bridge, a modern bridge along the A93, spans the river.
| 1.929688
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75960987
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yore%20Mill
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Yore Mill
|
Yore Mill is a historic building in Aysgarth, a village in North Yorkshire, in England.
The mill lies on the River Ure, by Yore Bridge. In the late Mediaeval period, the site housed a fulling mill, which was replaced in the late 18th century by a cotton mill. This burned down in 1853, and the current mill was completed in 1854, originally a combined corn and woollen mill, but by the end of the century, it only ground corn. In 1937, the waterwheel was replaced by turbines, and a roller plant installed. In 1969, the mill instead became a carriage museum, which closed in 2003. By 2019, the building was in disrepair, unsafe to enter due to the poor condition of the roof. In 2022, permission was granted to convert it into apartments and holiday lets. The building has been Grade II listed since 1981.
The building is constructed of rubble, with a stone slate roof. It is four storeys high and eight bays wide, with a T-shaped plan. Most of the windows are 14-pane sashes, and on the east elevation, the central bay of each floor has a door. The gable has a bell turret. Inside, the structure is supported by cast iron pillars with H-shaped sections, which support timber beams. To the north-west of the mill, the former mill offices survive from the Georgian building. Also built of stone, they are two storeys high with a basement, below which is an arch through which the mill race flows. The offices are connected to the mill by a two-storey timber framed extension, and are Grade II listed. They are in commercial use.
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75961230
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korowai%20gecko
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Korowai gecko
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The korowai gecko (Woodworthia korowai), also known as the Muriwai gecko, is a gecko found on the west coast of the Auckland Region of New Zealand. First discovered on Oaia Island in 1954, the species was recognised as distinct from Woodworthia maculata in 2016, and was formally described in 2023. Only 32 individuals are known to exist as of 2023, all within a very restricted range, on Te Korowai-o-Te-Tonga Peninsula, Muriwai Beach, Muriwai Regional Park and Oaia Island.
Taxonomy
Woodworthia geckoes were first identified as living on the west coast of the Auckland Region in 1954 when geckoes were found living on Oaia Island; then identified as Woodworthia maculata. The korowai gecko was first recognised as a distinct species in 2016. It was formally described in 2023, by herpetologists Dylan van Winkel, Sarah Jane Wells, Nicholas Harker and Rod Hitchmough, based on morphological and genetic differences.
The species name was given by Ngāti Whātua o Kaipara, who named the species after their habitat, Te Korowai-o-Te-Tonga Peninsula, and after (traditional cloaks), as their striped patterns are reminiscent of some traditional patterns seen on . The species is most closely related to Woodworthia maculata, and is distinct morphologically and genetically. The scientists who described the korowai gecko estimate the two species diverged in the mid to late Pliocene era. Before the species was formally described, it was referred to as the Muriwai gecko, and in scientific texts Woodworthia aff. maculata "Muriwai".
The holotype was collected by Stephen Thorpe in 2003, and is stored at the Auckland War Memorial Museum. This holotype was originally identified as Woodworthia maculata.
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75962069
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS%20West%20Aleta
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SS West Aleta
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Salvage
The recovery of the cargo from the wreck was difficult and took almost a year. The salvage was carried out by “Nieuwe Bergingsmaatschappij” of Andries Dirkzwagwr from Maassluis, but eventually also vessels of local fishermen and of helped. The last barrels were salvaged by divers. The salvage lasted until November 1920.
Many barrels washed up on Terschelling, but also on Vlieland and Ameland. Beachcombers drilled holes in the barrels to taste the wine. The favorites were taken home and others were left behind and emptied into nature. Of the 35,000 barrels, only 15,000 barrels have been officially reported as salvaged.
Legacy
The officially registered barrels were later sold. Two companies were founded to sell the barrels: wine manufacturer Siebrand from Kampen and drink trader Jan Kooijman. Kooijman bought a part of the 35,000 barrels of wine and started a wine business in Harlingen. Later he moved his business to Terschelling and named it “West Aleta”. "West Aleta” is nowadays a subsidiary of Heineken.
A choir on Terschelling, founded in 1974, is named after this ship: the West Aleta Singers.
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75962620
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolichostachys
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Dolichostachys
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Description
Dolichostachys elongata is an erect subshrub growing up to tall. The branches are quadrangular and slightly hairy. The leaves are linear to lanceolate and pointed at both the tip and the base, each measuring approximately long and wide. The leaves are hairless, arranged opposite one another, and borne on long petioles. The inflorescence is a bracteolate spike. The bracts are lanceolate, measuring approximately long and wide, while the bracteoles are linear and measure only long. Both the bracts and bracteoles are hairy. The five sepals are of roughly equal size, pointed in shape, and hairy. The corolla is a short, fused tube, with the tube measuring approximately long and the corolla as a whole measuring long. The upper lip of the corolla is shaped like a broad oval with a rounded or slightly notched tip, while the lower lip of the corolla is split into three lobes.
Conservation
Dolichostachys elongata is listed as endangered by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature under criteria B1ab(i,ii,iii,iv) and B2ab(i,ii,iii,iv), based on its small extent and area of occupancy and the expected decline of its population and habitat. It is primarily threatened by habitat loss resulting from logging, slash and burn agriculture, and other forms of deforestation. Some plants can be found within the Manombo Special Reserve, however, plants outside of this protected area are particularly threatened by habitat degradation, and the species is not known to be conserved ex situ.
| 2.75
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75963139
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chirip%C3%A1%20people
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Chiripá people
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The Chiripá are a Guaraní indigenous people who live mainly in Paraguay in the area bounded by the Paraná River and the Acaray and Jejuí Rivers, while in Brazil they coexist with other Guarani groups in villages in the states of Mato Grosso do Sul (where they are simply called Guarani), Paraná and São Paulo. The term ñandéva is used in Paraguay to refer to the tapietes. In Argentina they are found in small groups living among the Mbyas in the province of Misiones. They are highly acculturated but maintain their dialects and religious traditions.
Demographics
In Paraguay, around 2002, there were about 6918 people of this ethnic group (1900 speakers of the language). According to the results of the III National Population and Housing Census for Indigenous Peoples of 2012, there were 17,697 Avá Guaranis, 9,448 in whom live in the Canindeyú Department, 5,061 in the Alto Paraná Department, 1,524 in the San Pedro Department, 946 in the Caaguazú Department, 379 in Asunción and the Central Department, and 142 in the Concepción Department.
In Argentina, The Avá Guaraní live in small groups among the Mbyá in Misiones Province. In the village of Fortín Mbororé, near Puerto Iguazú, there is an important group that lives with a Mbyá majority. They are highly adapted but retain their dialects and religious traditions. The 2010 Argentina census revealed the existence of 422 people who identified themselves as Avá Guaraní in the province of Misiones and 104 in the province of Corrientes, but it is impossible to distinguish how many of them may belong to the Chiriguano group.
There are still about 4,900 Avá Chiripá (also Avakatueté or Avá katú eté), Tsiripá or Apytaré (also Ñandéva) in Brazil. The Ñandéva language is spoken in the Brazilian states of Mato Grosso do Sul and Paraná, on the Iguatemi River and its tributaries, equally near the confluence of the Paraná and Iguatemi Rivers.
Footnotes
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75963686
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crisis%20of%20the%20Piast%20dynasty
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Crisis of the Piast dynasty
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There was practically no time for individual persuasion and explanation of the principles of the new faith. The old Christian catechesis - the time of learning the faith and individual maturation for baptism - was neglected, being limited to pre-baptismal sermons that showed the greatness of Christianity and the impotence of pagan gods - which was further proven by destroying their temples and statues. Slavic deities were identified by Christians with devils. The practice of faith included attendance at Sunday mass, observance of fasts, and reception of several sacraments. Guarding their observance was the state authority, sometimes using coercion. According to Thietmar, teeth were knocked out in Poland for breaking the fast.
While tribal-wide cults were eliminated easily, sacred and magical forms of family life were deeply rooted in consciousness and culture. As late as the 12th century, residents of mid-forest settlements burned their dead by pagan custom on stakes, rather than burying them as Christians did.
| 2.5
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75963686
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crisis%20of%20the%20Piast%20dynasty
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Crisis of the Piast dynasty
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Pagan Uprising (1032)
In times of crisis, or when oppression by the state, the magnates and the Church increased, riots broke out in the Polish lands. We do not have detailed information on their course. According to the historian Gerard Labuda, it is possible that some group of pagan priests led by Bolesław the Forgotten, operating underground, took advantage of the discontent of the population and pointed out as the enemy - the God of the Christians. Yearbooks of the time often write in one sentence that the people rose up against the mighty and Christianity, without elaborating. Some historians suggest that "abandonment of the Christian faith" played a secondary role in the uprisings, and their purpose was to fight against the exploitation of the magnates, including the clergy, and state institutions. According to surviving accounts, in 1038, when the Czechs entered riot-stricken Poland, they found the temples of Krakow, Gniezno and other cities intact. There was no indication that there had been a revival of paganism in Poland. Perhaps chroniclers of the time called the insurgents pagans to discredit them in the eyes of the Christian public.
Miecław's rebellion (1037)
Following the death of Mieszko II Lambert, King of Poland, in 1034, and the exile of his son, Casimir I the Restorer, to the Kingdom of Hungary, the Duchy of Poland fell into a period of destabilization that led to the start of a peasant uprising in 1038. Seizing the opportunity, around 1038,Miecław, the king's cup-bearer, declared the independence of his own state in Masovia from the rest of Poland, and started his own royal dynasty.
Peasant uprising (1037-1038)
| 2.765625
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75963759
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikola%20Bijankovi%C4%87
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Nikola Bijanković
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Bijanković also administered the Diocese of Duvno and is the most creditable for the conservation of the Catholic population there during the Great Turkish and the Morean War. He regularly visited the areas of the Diocese of Duvno and other parts of his dioceses under the Ottoman occupation, staying there for several weeks and risking his life. In the cases when he was unable to visit them, he would empower other priests, like when he did in 1703 for the areas of Mostar, Duvno and Rama. In July 1706, he visited the areas of Duvno, Rakitno, Roško Polje and Vinica; he visited again in July 1710, staying in Vinica, Roško Polje, Vojkovići, Buško Blato, Bukovica, Kongora, Zvirnjača, Blidinje, Rakitno and Studenci. On the invitation of an Ottoman captain from Duvno to his wedding, Bijanković revisited the wider area of Duvno in 1713. Not long after the Ottoman–Venetian War (1714–1718) ended, Bijanković revisited the Diocese of Duvno on the invitation of the beys from the Kopčić family. The last time he visited the Diocese of Duvno was in August 1723, when he stayed in Vinica, Roško Polje and Duvno. Bijanković was well received by the local Muslims, including the beys from the Kopčić and Izakagić families, with local Muslim families asking him to perform Catholic rites in their homes and land. Bey of Roško Polje Ahmed Izakagić asked Bijanković to appoint a parish priest for Roško Polje and gifted a horse and scholarship for his priest Grga Kardunović.
Considered to have died in sainthood, a process for his beatification started in 1881.
Works
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75964155
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horses%20in%20Brittany
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Horses in Brittany
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In the Middle Ages, the horse became the symbol of an aristocratic elite, due to its high cost of purchase and maintenance. Breeding efforts were undertaken to obtain the best possible animals, if necessary by importing foreign breeding stock at great expense. Well-documented breeding from the year 1,000 onwards was almost entirely in the hands of the seigneuries and religious communities, who competed with each other (peasants probably owned no more than one or two mares). The Duchy of Brittany was self-sufficient, even exporting. It gave birth to mounts whose quality is attested to by numerous sources. The palafre de Bretanha (in English Brittany's palfrey), was renowned beyond its borders. Throughout the Middle Ages, Brittany required large numbers of horses for military purposes. Only males were used, while females were put to stud. These animals were bred semi-feral, in forests and on moors, which probably made them very hardy. They are rounded up when needed by the subjects living on the breeding lands, as a chore. The lord chooses his animals first.
| 2.828125
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75964155
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horses%20in%20Brittany
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Horses in Brittany
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In 1819, the director of the Haras National de Langonnet commented on his difficulties in finding good stallions in the region. Ephrem Houël ran the Langonnet stud from 1838 to 1847. In his Traité complet de l'élève du cheval en Bretagne (1842), he testifies to the central place this animal occupies in Breton life. Even the poorest peasants are obliged to own at least one horse. Farming, public carriages, road transport and city services are all carried out by local horses. Peasants go to pardons, christenings, funerals, pleasures and family affairs on horseback. According to Houël, riding is especially de rigueur at weddings. In the mountainous regions of inland Brittany, where roads are poor, the use of packhorses remains important. In the middle of the century, Jean-François Brousmiche testifies to the care these farmers lavished on their horses: it was not uncommon for them to be sheltered in the house in winter. They prepared the animals' feed "with as much or even more care than their own". Horse-drawn vehicle was often harsh. Some horses die between their harnesses. In the hills, stagecoach passengers dismount to relieve the animals. Animals pulling as far as Saint-Brieuc are sometimes "doped" with Calvados.
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75964155
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horses%20in%20Brittany
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Horses in Brittany
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20th and 21st centuries
The beginning of the 20th century was fatal for transport and luxury horses, which disappeared in favor of the automobile. In 1900, only nine people in the Côtes-du-Nord region owned a car, compared with 121 ten years later. Half-blood breeding collapsed in favor of Breton draft horses, which continued to sell well as long as horse-drawn agricultural work continued. Many jobs were linked to horse breeding, including "gelding" (the person in charge of castrating males), saddler and farrier. The various traditional countries share their breeding specialties. Western Leon keeps mostly mares, while males are bred further east. In the Pagan region, it is customary to sell the males at a very young age and keep only the fillies. In 1906, Finistère was the French department with the most horses, along with Mayenne. However, breeding does not make people rich, as a year without a foal birth is often financially dramatic. Inhabitants generally pay their rent by selling one of their horses.
Exports and trade
Before the 1900s, Brittany was still a relatively isolated "land of small-scale agriculture". But the region was well-suited to livestock breeding, and modernized transport benefited breeders who exported their animals all over Europe, boosting sales tenfold. The golden age of Breton horse breeding and trade was between 1900 and 1940. Trains full of horses left the Landivisiau station for all over France, and trains and boats took them to southern Europe (Italy and Spain), Germany, England, Switzerland, North Africa, South America and Japan. The German army acquired many Breton carriers. These "Malgré-nous" horses were used on the battlefields of the First World War, against France. In 1939 alone, 18,000 horses left Brittany. They were mainly trained work animals from Cornouaille and Vannes. In France, they were sent to the vineyards of Bordeaux and the Mediterranean, to farmers in the Vendée and Massif Central, and to the mines of the North.
| 2.734375
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75964155
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horses%20in%20Brittany
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Horses in Brittany
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Brittany breeds a large number of AQPS and French Saddlebreds (the fourth-largest breeding region in France). The French Trotter and Thoroughbred breeds are on a par with the national average, but represent a significant volume, with around 750 and 350 breeding mares respectively. Although rarer in terms of numbers, the Barb, Highland pony and Fjord Pony breeds are also well represented.
Economics and organization of horse-riding
Historically, the horse had a high economic value in Brittany, on the order of three to four times that of a cow. At the time, its use was essentially agricultural, with a secondary outlet in transport. Over time, with the end of horse-drawn vehicle, the economy of the sector changed. Brittany is clearly developing equestrian tourism. The region also retains a strong tradition of equestrian sport (trotting, show jumping and galloping). It is highly competitive in equestrian endurance, both for breeding horses and for riders. It also boasts national-level victories in show jumping and driving. Some 4,800 jobs depend directly on the equestrian sector, with annual sales of 201,400,000 euros (2011 figures for administrative Brittany). In the same year, there were 26,040 equidae in the region. In October 2011, Brittany's General Council unanimously adopted a "horse plan" in support of the industry.
| 2.8125
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75964191
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panglima%20Kinta%20Mosque
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Panglima Kinta Mosque
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Panglima Kinta Mosque (Malay: Masjid Panglima Kinta) is a mosque located in the city of Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia. The mosque was built in 1898 by Datoh Panglima Kinta Muhamad Yusuff bin Lassam, who was then Panglima Kinta or Lord of Kinta, as a commemoration for his wife, Saaidah bt Chik, who died in the same year. Panglima Kinta Mosque was gazetted as a heritage building in 2012.
History
The mosque complex was built on a 45,000-square-foot land near the Kinta River at a cost of $15,000. It used to be a centre for the spreading of Islam among the local community.
After a few years, there were several additions, namely a burial area for the family members of Panglima Kinta and a madrasah for study classes within the mosque area. This was followed by the addition of the ablution (wudu) area, balai lintang (a hall at the right side of building), cemetery, and house for mosque officials.
Reportedly, an ustaz from Egypt, Shaik Tholji, used to live here and contributed to teaching the locals to study the Quran. After his death, he was buried in the family mausoleum of Datuk Panglima Kinta, which is located in the backyard of the mosque.
This mosque was gazetted as a heritage building in 2012 by the National Heritage Department.
Architecture
The main materials used in the construction of Panglima Kinta Mosque were bricks and lime plaster, which was finished in white paint and strokes of blue lines.
Sporting a colonial design mixed with Mughal and Neoclassical motifs (based on Roman and Greek designs), the mosque was built in a rectangular form, approximately 40 metres in length and 25 metres in width. The prayer hall is distinguished by a square shape enclosed with a two-tiered pyramid as roof.
It has a front porch and is flanked by two minarets. Its roofline is crenellated, which is a popular feature of Mughal architecture. Semicircular arches support the porch and front verandah. Cupola crown the minarets which are divided into five sections to symbolise the Five Pillars of Islam.
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75964229
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis%20E.%20Griffin
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Francis E. Griffin
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Francis Eugene Griffin (1910–1973) was an American architect. He was a pioneering Black architect in Detroit and helped influence many other early career Black architects in the city. He was part of the architectural firms White & Griffin, and later Ward, Griffin, & Agee, and Francis E. Griffin Associates, Architects, & Planners. Griffin also worked in the 1950s for the United States government in designing structures in Liberia. His name is also spelled Frances E. Griffin.
Early life and education
Francis Eugene Griffin was born September 10, 1910, in Battle Creek, Michigan, to African American parents Genevieve Tucker Griffin and William Edward Dunston Griffin. The family was part of the Mt. Zion A.M.E. Church in Battle Creek. He attended Battle Creek Central High School, and graduated in February 1928.
From 1928 until 1931, Griffin attended the University of Michigan (UMich); followed by a second period of study from 1933 to 1935. His exact graduation date from the bachelor of science degree in architectural engineering at UMich is unknown (either in 1935 or 1944).
In 1936, he married Mallie Hill; they had two children.
Career
He worked in Washington, D.C., for John Anderson Lankford from 1936 until 1938; followed by work for Howard Hamilton Mackey Sr. from 1939 until 1941. In 1939, Griffin became a licensed architect in Washington, D.C.. Griffin had a private practice in his home at 5325 Ames, NE, in the Capitol View neighborhood of Washington, D.C., from 1941 until 1943. Followed by work as a cost estimator for Albert Irvin Cassell's Mayfair Mansions Apartments project (1943–1945).
| 2.203125
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75964417
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Beheathland
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Robert Beheathland
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Captain Robert Beheathland (or Behethland, born before 1587 - ) in St Endellion, Cornwall, England, was an English gentleman who arrived in Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607 aboard one of the three founding ships, likely the Susan Constant. He is noteworthy as the only original 1607 Jamestown colonist having documented descendants (Dade family) living today.
Documented presence
Capt. Beheathland is listed among the 104 colonists on the Virginia Company of London's manifest. He is included in Captain John Smith's list of 100 "Planters" (gentlemen) in his book The Generall Historie of Virginia, New-England, and the Summer Isles, and mentioned as accompanying John Smith on a visit to Powhatan, the local indigenous leader.
Possible roles and significance
Early colonist: His presence in 1607 makes him one of the first permanent English settlers in North America. Social standing: "Gentleman" status suggests he belonged to a wealthier class and may have contributed financially or provided leadership in the settlement's early days.
Trade potential: Some sources suggest he brought sheet copper to trade with Indigenous people.
Interaction with John Smith, Christopher Newport, and Opechancanough
In Jan 1608, after arrival of the First Supply, Capts. Smith and Christopher Newport took a group of about twenty men, one of them Robert Beheathland, and went to the village of Powhatan for a visit. Later in the year, on 29 December 1608, Capt. Smith undertook a journey up the Pamunkey River for another visit with Powhatan. Robert Beheathland traveled in the Discovery barge with Capt. Smith; other gentlemen, soldiers, and sailors followed in a pinnace. On the way back, they stopped at the house of King Opechancanough; Capt. Smith took with him a group of about fifteen, including Beheathland. When they were threatened with capture, Powell and Beheathland guarded the door while Capt. Smith seized the King by the long lock of his hair and held him hostage as they escaped.
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75964635
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander%20Woodman
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Alexander Woodman
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Preventive medicine and clinical research
Woodman has made significant contributions to preventive medicine and clinical research through his collaborations with global institutions and researchers. His work focuses on the genetic, behavioral, and attitudinal determinants that influence the health and well-being of diverse populations. In clinical research, his contributions include: - Analyzing the TMPRSS6 gene in women with iron deficiency anemia. - Determining antigen levels in plasma and genotypes of PAI-2 in pregnancies linked to homozygous sickle cell anemia. - Investigating genetic variants in the leptin gene related to obesity. - Studying the effects of post-diagnosis exercise on depression, physical functioning, and mortality in breast cancer survivors. - Addressing bioethical challenges in modern medicine. In preventive medicine, Woodman developed an award-winning project entitled the "Keep Me Well" Health Model for the "Healthcare Transformation and Research" initiative. This project transformed the workplace into a hub for self-care and well-being. It aimed to educate, motivate, and empower both employers and employees of Saudi companies to adopt comprehensive programs that include exercise, specific nutrition and weight management habits, improved mental health, and extensive medical education.
| 2.359375
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75964690
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darhe%20Jesarim
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Darhe Jesarim
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Darhe Jesarim was a former Jewish congregation and synagogue formed in Sivaplein, in the district of Paramaribo, Suriname. The members of the congregation comprised entirely Afro-Surinamese Jews. Founded in 1759, it was the earliest known synagogue in the African diaspora. The synagogue was disbanded in 1817 and Afro-Surinamese and mixed-race Jews were integrated, as second-class members, into Suriname's predominantly white congregations.
History
By 1759, enslaved and free Afro-Surinamese Jews (sometimes referred to by scholars as "Eurafrican Jews") had formed their own brotherhood and called it Darhe Jesarim ("Path of the Righteous" in Hebrew). The synagogue was located in Sivaplein. Darhe Jesarim both educated Jews of color and provided a place where Afro-Surinamese Jews could worship without the inequities and distinctions made in Paramaribo's white-run Neveh Shalom and Tzedek ve-Shalom congregations. Jews of African descent were not allowed to say prayers for the dead in white synagogues, nor were white Jews allowed to the prayers on their behalf. Darhe Jesarim did not have its own cemetery. Joseph Cohen Nassy, one of the leaders of the synagogue, died in 1793.
In 1817, Darhe Jesarim was disbanded and its members were absorbed back into the city's two white-run synagogues as second-class members.
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75965256
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bornean%20swamp%20babbler
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Bornean swamp babbler
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The Bornean swamp babbler (Pellorneum macropterum) is a species of bird in the ground babbler family Pellorneidae that is found in northern and central Borneo and Banggi Island. It was formerly considered to be a subspecies of the white-chested babbler, now renamed the Malayan swamp babbler (Pellorneum rostratum).
Taxonomy
The Bornean swamp babbler was formally described in 1868 by the Italian zoologist Tommaso Salvadori based on a specimen collected in Borneo. He placed it with the shortwings in the genus Brachypteryx and coined the binomial name Brachypteryx macroptera. The specific epithet is from Ancient Greek makropteros meaning "long-winged" (from makros meaning "long" and pteron meaning "wing". The Bornean swamp babbler is now placed in the genus Pellorneum that was introduced in 1832 by the English naturalist William Swainson. It was formerly treated as a subspecies of the white-chested babbler (renamed the Malayan swamp babbler) (Pellorneum rostratum) but based on vocal and genetic differences it is now treated as a separate species and is considered to be monotypic: no subspecies are recognised.
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75965506
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chon%20Young-ae
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Chon Young-ae
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Life
Chon was born in Yeongju, North Gyeongsang Province, South Korea in 1951, and went to Gyeonggi Girls' Middle School and Gyeonggi Girls' High School. Later, she enrolled in the College of Liberal Arts at Seoul National University despite the contemporary prejudice against women's education. There, she earned her bachelor’s degree in German Language and Literature, in 1973. Chon continued and received her master’s degree, in the same department, with her thesis R. M. Rilke의 事物詩 (Dinggedicht): 新詩集을 中心으로 (R.M. Rike의 사물시 (Dinggedicht): 신시집을 중심으로; English: R. M. Rike’s thing poem (Dinggedicht): Focusing on the new poetry collection) in 1975. Chon further pursued her studies at the University of Tübingen and the Kiel University in Germany around 1980, but soon returned to her homeland for her young child. After returning to South Korea she revisited her studies at Seoul National University and received her Ph.D., in German Literature and Language, with her dissertation 파울 첼란의 詩에 나타난 苦痛의 形象化 (파울 첼란의 시에 나타난 고통의 형상화; English: The Embodiment of Pain in Paul Chelan's Poem) in 1986.
From 1985 to 1996, Chon served as a professor at Kyungwon University. Over the years, she achieved numerous research accomplishments, serving as the president of the Korean Society of Goethe, as a senior researcher at the Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies in Germany, and as a researcher at the Weimar Classical Foundation. From 1996 to 2016, she worked as a professor at the Department of German Language and Literature at Seoul National University. After her retirement, Chon has served as an honorary professor at Seoul National University.
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75965670
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chukhanlu%20carpets
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Chukhanlu carpets
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Chukhanlu carpets - are a type of carpet with a rich and ancient history belonging to the Shirvan group of Azerbaijan's Guba-Shirvan carpet weaving center.
Production
These carpets were primarily produced in carpet weaving centers, predominantly in the ancient district of Shamakhi, known as Gobustan. The name of the carpet is derived from the village of Çukhanlu, located 13 km southeast of Shamakhi. Formerly known as "Kabristan," "Gabristan," "Maraza," or "Chukhan," these carpets gained fame as "Chukhanlu" from the second half of the 18th century onwards.
Artistic features
While "Chukhanlu" carpets share compositional similarities with "Sorsor" carpets in terms of the central field, they exhibit some differences in the shape of the motifs. One artistic feature of the "Chukhanlu" carpet is the cross-matching of colors in the vertical and horizontal directions of these motifs. The characteristic square strips of Shirvan carpets, especially the central border known as "hürük," are fully applied in Chukhanlu carpets. The influence of Azerbaijan's ancient carpet centers, Muğan and Gobustan carpets, has played a significant role in the development of "Chukhanlu" carpets.
Technical specifications
The dimensions of these carpets range from 120x180 cm to 160x260 cm. Occasionally, they are also produced in the form of rectangular kilims (usually long, narrow carpets running along the wall). Loop density: from 40x40 knots per square decimeter to 50x50 knots (from 160,000 knots to 250,000 knots per square meter). The pile height is 4–6 mm.
| 2.4375
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75965751
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kikatapula
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Kikatapula
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While continuing his stay in jail, Kikatapula met with George Augustus Robinson, an English builder and evangelical Christian, who would regularly minister the prisoners, with Kikatapula assisting him in church services. Robinson helped Kikatapula to become conciliated with British rule and when Governor Arthur suggested that Kikatapula become a mediator between the remaining Palawa and the colonists, Kikatapula agreed. Arthur then installed the former resistance leader in the role of a guide to one of the 'roving parties' tasked with capturing his former comrades.
'Roving party' guide
Kikatapula was posted to guide the 'roving party' of Gilbert Robertson, the son of a wealthy Scottish plantation owner and his black slave mistress. With six soldiers of the 40th Regiment, Robertson and Kikatapula set out from Richmond in November 1828 to hunt down 'the blacks'.
They soon tracked a group of Palawa near Little Swanport and after a brief skirmish, captured five people, including Umarrah who was a leading figure of the Tyerrernotepanner tribe. It is perhaps not surprising that Kikatapula led the soldiers to these people who were his traditional enemies. Governor Arthur was pleased with Kikatapula and this outcome, and held Umarrah in jail not as a criminal but as a prisoner of war.
Kikatapula continued to be a guide for Robertson's 'roving party' for much of 1829, but being employed to track down and capture his own people became disconcerting to him. He therefore became non-compliant and obstructive in guiding the soldiers to Palawa hideouts. Much to the frustration of Robertson, his 'roving party' failed to capture a single Aborigine for the whole of 1829. Blame was directly placed on Kikatapula and the other Palawa guides for being duplicitous and Kikatapula was removed from the role in December 1829.
| 2.5
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75965886
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girl%20soldiers
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Girl soldiers
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Roles in conflict
Although the perception of girl soldiers being exclusively or near-exclusively used in combat service support and sexual roles rather than combat roles is widespread, and has in some cases been furthered by the manner in which post-conflict war crime prosecution was conducted, girl soldiers frequently serve multi-faceted, fluid roles involving aspects of multiple or all of these. In many cases, they are trained for and take direct part in hostilities, and are both victims of and active agents in these conflicts. In some conflicts, they have also been used as suicide bombers and human shields.
The experiences of girl soldiers vary significantly depending on conflict and context. Factors that play a role in the likelihood of a girl soldier being a direct rather than exclusively indirect participant in hostilities include age, physical strength and maturity, as well as the ideology of the armed group or force with which they are associated.
Research has shown a connection between girl soldiers recruited through abduction and higher rates of sexual exploitation, and between groups with Marxist ideology and lower rates of sexual exploitation.
Post-conflict
Rehabilitation
Girl soldiers face significant barriers during the reintegration process, and have lower rates of participation in DDR programs than boy soldiers. In several conflicts, girl soldiers have received very little support during reintegration.
Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration
| 2.75
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75965945
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Kalnyk
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Battle of Kalnyk
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The Battle of Kalnyk took place on 21 October 1671, during the Polish-Cossack-Tatar war of 1666-1671. The Polish crown hetman Jan Sobieski defeated the Cossack-Tatar army, which was coming to the aid of Kalnik, besieged by the Poles. Despite the victory, Sobieski failed to take Kalnik and retreated to Bratslav.
Background
After the victory in the battle of Bratslav, the Polish crown hetman Jan Sobieski decided to seize the territory between the Southern Bug and the Dniester. On 11 September 1671 he sent 2 thousand soldiers to capture Vinnitsa, which was taken at dawn on 14 September. The townspeople and Cossacks, locked in the Jesuit monastery (there were no other fortifications), put up stubborn resistance. Only after 6 hours of storming, when most of the defenders were killed, the monastery fell. However, 120 Cossacks, sheltered under the roof of the church, continued to fight until morning. When 23 were left alive, they decided to surrender: the centurion and seven chiefs were sent to Bar, the rest were beheaded. The town was destroyed, and a significant part of women and children were taken prisoner by the soldiers (by order of J. Sobieski they were later released).
Sobieski's successful actions were facilitated by diversions against the Belgorod Tatars by Mikhail Khanenko and Ivan Serko and the defection of Colonel Mikhail Zelensky and Colonel Pavel Lisitsa of Bratslav to his side.
| 2.265625
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75966282
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hsia%20Yang
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Hsia Yang
|
In the 1950s, with the assistance of his military comrade Shang Yongmao (尚永茂), Hsia Yang, along with Wu Hao and Ouyang Wenyuan (歐陽文苑), created artworks in an air-raid shelter on LongChiang Street (龍江街). This activity allowed them to interact with figures in the art scene, leading to the acquaintance of individuals such as Chang Yi-hsiung (張義雄), Xiao Qin (蕭勤), Yang Yuyu (楊英風), Shiy De-jinn (席德進), and Huo Gang (霍剛).
In 1956, Hsia Yang, along with his studio classmates Ouyang Wenyuan, Huo Gang, Xiao Qin, Li Yuanjia (李元佳), Chen Daoming (陳道明), Wu Hao, and Xiao Mingxian (蕭明賢), established the Ton Fan group (東方畫會). The society was officially approved in 1957, and writer He Fan (何凡) humorously referred to these eight founding members as the "Eight Bandits," (八大響馬) praising their role in breaking traditional painting norms and pioneering the trend of modern painting. During this period, Hsia Yang was influenced by abstract expressionism and monochromatism. His artistic style shifted from "Neoclassicism" to "Abstract Expressionism," with works such as "Painting 59" (1959) and "Painting 6136-AZ" (1961).
| 2.328125
| 0
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75966282
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hsia%20Yang
|
Hsia Yang
|
Overseas Period
In 1963, seeking to broaden his international perspective, Hsia Yang traveled to Europe. He first visited Milan to meet with Xiao Qin and later settled in Paris for five years. During his time in Paris, Hsia Yang took on various jobs, explored museums, went to exhibitions, and continued to create art despite the challenging circumstances. It was during this period that he developed the "Furry People" (Mao Mao Ren, 毛毛人) series. Cai Wenting (蔡文婷) mentioned in the book "For Art, Wandering Through Life: Hsia Yang and His ' Furry People '" that the " Furry People " figures are depicted with trembling and chaotic lines, suggesting a sense of alienation in modern life and reflecting Hsia Yang's loneliness as a foreigner. The themes of the Furry People series in Paris were often inspired by Hsia Yang's life experience and observation, as seen in works like "Indoor" (室內, 1966) depicting indifferent interpersonal relationships, and the fantastical cityscape in "Beauty Pageant" (選美, 1968).In 1965, due to the success of the Furry People series, Hsia Yang held a solo exhibition at the Galerie du Haut Pave in Paris.
| 2.359375
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