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75891531	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syriac%20Gospels%2C%20Vatican%20Library%2C%20Syr.%20559	Syriac Gospels, Vatican Library, Syr. 559	Vatican Library, Syr. 559 is a Syriac manuscript produced around 1220. It is an evangeliary containing the text of the Peshitta. It is one of the few well illustrated Middle Eastern Christian manuscripts from the 13th century. There is some dispute about the reading of the date, some scholars arguing for 1220, while others argue for 1260. The location where the manuscript was created is the Jazira region near Mosul, at the monastery of Deir Mar Mattai. The writing is in Estrangela script. It is considered as a near twin of Syriac Gospels, British Library, Add. 7170 manuscript, also attributed to the northern Iraq (Jazira region). The manuscript is derived from the Byzantine tradition, but stylistically has a lot in common with Islamic illustrated manuscripts such as the Maqamat al-Hariri, pointing to a common pictorial tradition that existed since circa 1180 CE in Syria and Iraq. Some of the illustrations of these manuscript have been characterized as "illustration byzantine traitée à la manière arabe" ("Byzantine illustration treated in the Arab style"). Notably, Constantine and Helena are shown in post-Seljuk clothing, a style attributable to the influence of local Turkic polities.	2.46875
75891603	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergeyev%20Dam	Sergeyev Dam	Sergeyev Dam or Sergeyevka Dam (; ) is a gravity dam in Shal akyn District, North Kazakhstan Region, Kazakhstan. The dam is located a little upstream from Sergeyev town on the Ishim River, to the southeast of lake Zhaltyr. It has a road bridge, as well as a pumping station for the Sergeev city water supply, which is part of the Ishim Water Supply Network () that operates in the North Kazakhstan and Akmola Regions. History The Sergeyevka Dam was commissioned in 1968 at the time of the Kazakh SSR. It had a hydroelectric power station with an installed power generation capacity of 2 MW. The hydroelectric power station building has a bottom spillway. The reservoir of the dam has a maximum storage capacity of and a surface area of . The Imanburlyq, a tributary of the Ishim River, has its mouth in the reservoir. Currently the power station has a capacity of 3.5 MW with two propeller turbines connected to VGSP 213/29-14 generators with a capacity of 1.23 MW each. The average annual electricity generation is 16 million kWh. The dam is owned by RSE "Kazvodkhoz", which manages 78 reservoirs in Kazakhstan.	2.109375
75891650	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordaberry%20family	Bordaberry family	The Bordaberry family is a Uruguayan political family that has been prominent in Uruguayan politics and the cattle industry. It is associated with the Colorado Party. History The Bordaberry family originated in the French Basque Country region, France. The Uruguayan family branch is descended from Jacques Santiago Bordaberry Oyhamburu, who migrated from the commune of Pagolle to the rural area of the Durazno Department in 1865. There he began to work as a shepherd of flocks of sheep until he managed to acquire a plot of land northwest of the village of Carlos Reyles, which belonged to descendants of Fructuoso Rivera. He founded the "Santa María" ranch and became a stockgrower. In 1900 he began importing Hereford cattle from England. In 1879, Bordaberry married Isabel Elissondo, who was also of French-Basque descent. They had five children: Santiago, Isabel, Maclovia, María and Domingo. In 1916 the family acquired the "El Paraíso" ranch, and in 1937 the first artificial insemination of sheep in South America was carried out there. Domingo Bordaberry managed the family ranch as a stockgrower, as well as a lawyer and politician. A member of the Colorado Party, he belonged to the ruralist faction, which initiated the Bordaberry family's long association with rural affairs. He was married to Elisa Arocena Folle, with whom he had four children between 1927 and 1931, Domingo, Juan María, Luis Ignacio and Elisa.	1.929688
75891651	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secret%20Informer	Secret Informer	Secret Informer is a 1941 Australian radio play by Gordon Ireland about fifth columnists working on Australian radio. The play was recorded in 1940 but had censorship issues and was delayed. ABC Weekly called it "a racy behind-the-scenes account of Fifth Column tactics in a broadcasting studio. In the best traditions of espionage the villain is the man you’d least suspect, and the code he uses to put across news of troop movements so ingenious that we feel Gordon Ireland is wasted as Music Critic of the ABC Weekly." A critic from Wireless Weekly said "I am not trying to be rude about this play because I believe that, if I could understand it, I would acknowledge its invention and design. But I could not keep up with the lightning deductions of [the hero] Mr. Pendleton, who would obviously have made a very good spy himself had he not been a music critic or a secret agent." Ireland appeared in the original production. Leslie Rees called it one of the best Australian radio dramas of 1941. The ABC produced the play again in 1948. Premise "An attempt to convey secret information to the enemy through the medium of broadcasting, results in Secret Service Investigator Pendleton’s effort to track down the source of intrigue. How he unravels the skein of mystery and unmasks the miscreant is told in this thriller, which takes the listener behind the scenes in the broadcasting world. Gordon Ireland writes ingeniously and with an inside knowledge of broadcasting, and the solution makes clever use of the author’s musical knowledge. Mr. Ireland is at pains to point out that the characters and plot of this play are entirely fictitious, having no relation, implied or direct, to any living person or persons."	1.945313
75891781	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew%20T.%20Wood	Andrew T. Wood	Major Andrew Thompson Wood (November 18, 1834 – February 3, 1915) was an American lawyer and politician from the Commonwealth of Kentucky. A Republican, he had a lengthy career in Kentucky politics, including a run for the United States House of Representatives in 1872, a failed bid for Attorney General of Kentucky in 1887, and a failed bid for Governor of Kentucky in 1891. Born in rural Fleming County, Kentucky, Wood received a common education, and became a stagecoach driver. Later, he became a school teacher in the schools of Fleming County, before he enlisted as a Union soldier, and eventually climbed to the rank of major. After the war, he studied law under J.S. Dury and Thomas Turner, and was admitted to the bar in 1873. As a Republican in a heavily Democratic state, Wood found little success in his political career. He suffered a failed bid for a seat in the United States House of Representatives in 1872, a failed bid for attorney general of Kentucky in 1887, and a failed bid for governor of Kentucky in 1891. He also faced many threats from the Ku Klux Klan to kill him and burn his home. In 1897, he was appointed a United States senator by governor William O. Bradley to fill the vacancy caused by failure of the Kentucky General Assembly to elect a successor to J. C. S. Blackburn, but his appointment was ignored in the senate, and they instead chose William J. Deboe to succeed Blackburn. In 1904, Wood was appointed United States pension agent from Kentucky, and served until 1915. Wood died on February 3, 1915, after several years of failing health. Biography	2.171875
75892095	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria%20Barreira	Maria Barreira	Artistic career In 1948 she married the sculptor Vasco Pereira da Conceição. He had been arrested in 1935 for opposition to the government and served time in three mainland prisons before being sent to Angra do Heroísmo in the Azores, where he was held for two years. Her training in sculpture ended in 1949 and she soon began to establish a reputation in the fields of both sculpture and ceramics. Her sculptures were frequently of women or of male and female couples, producing some works in partnership with her husband. Maternity wards were a recurring theme in her work. They both sculpted in an atelier on Rua da Alegria in Lisbon, which they shared with other artists such as José Malhoa, Alice Jorge and Júlio Pomar. When the building was sold to a car dealership the couple then began to continue their artistic work in "sheds" provided by the municipality. In the company of Celestino Alves and João Hogan, she and her husband went to Paris for six months as scholarship holders from the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation, giving them the opportunity to visit numerous galleries and exhibitions and come into direct contact with artists producing at the time, a factor that contributed decisively to their styles. The following year she participated in the exhibition "Two painters, two sculptors", held at the Sociedade Nacional de Belas Artes (National Society of Fine Arts).	2.125
75892478	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyborg%20railway%20station	Nyborg railway station	In 1997, with the opening of the railway section of the Great Belt Bridge, Nyborg station was moved to its current location in the eastern part of the town, about east of the historic town centre. Architecture Nyborg station's first station building was built in 1865 to designs by the Danish architect Niels Peder Christian Holsøe (1826–1895). When the station was moved in 1871, the station building was moved brick by brick to the new location. This second station building was converted into a freight station when Nyborg's third station was opened in 1891. Over the years, the building became so changed and run-down that the over one hundred year old building was demolished in 1985. The third and still-existing station building was built in 1891 to designs by the Danish architect Thomas Arboe (1836–1917), known for the numerous railway stations he designed across Denmark in his capacity of head architect of the Danish State Railways. Facilities Inside the station building there is a combined ticket office and convenience store operated by 7-Eleven, ticket machines, waiting room, and toilets. Immediately adjacent to the station is a large bus terminal. The station has a bicycle parking station as well as a free long-term car park with 978 parking spaces.	2.0625
75892722	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Methuen%20%28clothier%29	Paul Methuen (clothier)	Paul Methuen (1613–1667) was a wealthy English clothier of Bradford-on-Avon, Wiltshire, described by antiquary John Aubrey as 'the greatest clothier of his time'. Paul Methuen was born on 13 October 1613 at Frome, Somerset, where his father Anthony (d. 1640) was the vicar of St John's church. Nothing is known of his early years, but in 1641 he married Sarah Davison of Freshford, Somerset, and thus became brother-in-law to the clothier-politician John Ashe (1597–1659). By 1646 he had settled nearby at Bradford-on-Avon, where he acquired a large house with a tithe barn suitable for cloth-making and storage. After Methuen's first wife died, he married John Ashe's daughter Grace (d. 1700), and thus became his son-in-law. Over the next 20 years Methuen became an important supplier of an expensive fabric known as 'Spanish cloth' to Ashe's younger brothers Edward and Jonathan Ashe, merchants in London. These cloths, made from fine yarn dyed in the wool and also known as medley broadcloths, were mostly exported to Paris, notably to members of the Le Couteulx family of Rouen and Paris, the forerunners of a notable banking family. When English fine broadcloth production came under heavy competition from the Dutch during the 1650s, Methuen was one of the first to respond by bringing a spinner from Amsterdam to settle in Bradford-on-Avon, the first of several dozen who moved to the area and greatly improved English yarn-making. Methuen died in 1667 and was buried in the parish church of Holy Trinity on 18 July. In his will he left his dye-houses, workshops and fulling mills to his second son, Anthony Methuen (1652–1717), an ancestor of the Methuens of Corsham Court.	1.953125
75892737	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorette%20MacCallum	Dorette MacCallum	MacCallum was a founder of the National Council of Women of New South Wales and president in 1919–28. In 1926 her husband became a Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George and she became Lady Dorette MacCallum. MacCallum worked for The Infants' Home Child and Family Services the Sydney Day Nursery and Nursery Schools' Association, the Australian Board of Missions, the Royal Society for the Welfare of Mothers and Babies and the New Settlers' League of Australia. Her work with the Sydney University Women's Society (aka Settlement) led to her and her daughter contributing funds that enabled the purchase of a property in the Sydney suburb of Chippendale. Private life She and Mungo had a daughter, Isabella Renton MacCallum, and three sons. One son died as a child, another, Mungo Lorenz MacCallum (1884–1934), Rhodes scholar in 1906, who would go on to lecture in Roman Law at the University of Sydney; and Walter Paton MacCallum, who became a Brigadier general in the Australian Army. Mungo died in 1948 and she died in the Sydney suburb of Rose Bay in 1952.	2.15625
75892986	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothtown	Mothtown	Mothtown is a literary fantasy and horror novel by English poet and novelist Caroline Hardaker. It is her second novel and was first published in the United Kingdom and the United States in November 2023 by Angry Robot. The book was illustrated by English political cartoonist and illustrator Chris Riddell. Plot summary Mothtown takes place in Yorkshire in northern England, where ten-year-old David sees strange "mudmen" moving silently about the town, and learns that people are disappearing. Nobody, including his parents, want to talk about it, which leaves David puzzled and frustrated. Then when his beloved grandfather, an astrophysicist, also disappears, David is determined to get to the bottom of what is termed "The Modern Problem". Years later, David discovers that his grandfather had been investigating dark matter at the University of York and had written a book entitled Hidden Worlds, in which he postulated the existence of a multiverse and wormholes connecting the universes. David is told by his parents that his grandfather had died, but he becomes convinced that his grandfather, and all the other "disappeared", may have found a way to another world. This leads David to turn his back on his family and embark on a quest to find where his grandfather went. Background Hardaker said Mothtown is "weird, surreal, and full of secrets", and is "possibly the strangest thing I’ve ever written." She explained that the book began "with no plan at all" other than "a story about a man living in the wilderness and minimising his imprint on the world." But it soon became "twisted in ways I could never have imagined", and grew into "a hybrid creature", sitting "like a gargoyle in the borderlands between science fiction and fantasy, between poetry and prose."	1.96875
75893218	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wyszan%C3%B3w%20massacre	Wyszanów massacre	The course of events The morning of September 2 passed relatively calmly in Wyszanów. However, around noon, a new German unit entered the village. Soon, a violent shooting broke out. Subsequently, the Germans initiated the pacification of Wyszanów. The soldiers went from house to house, setting buildings ablaze and throwing hand grenades into cellars. Most of the village inhabitants were gathered at the local inn. Several people were shot, including Hipolit Stasiak (accused of shooting at German soldiers), and Adam Kałamuk (taken to the local parsonage and murdered there). Also, Wincenty Wolny from nearby Lubczyna was killed in unexplained circumstances. The most tragic incident occurred on Marcin Szyszka's farm, where 21 women and children had sought refuge in the basement. German soldiers threw hand grenades into the basement, resulting in the immediate death of 13 people, while another three succumbed to their injuries in the hospital. The victims included Szyszka's wife and his four children, aged 3 to 12. According to Wacław Majchrzak's calculations on September 2, 1939, 22 Poles were murdered in Wyszanów. If two men shot near Mechnice are to be included, the number of victims of the pacification increases to 24. Among those killed were 11 children. The Germans burned 27 farms, with 12 being completely destroyed and 15 partially damaged.	1.96875
75893710	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nymphaea%20subg.%20Hydrocallis	Nymphaea subg. Hydrocallis	Nymphaea subg. Hydrocallis is a subgenus of the genus Nymphaea. Description Vegetative characteristics Species of Nymphaea subg. Hydrocallis are perennial, rhizomatous, aquatic herbs with contractile roots. The floating, petiolate leaves are orbicular to elliptic and have an entire margin. Generative characteristics The flowers are nocturnal and float on the water surface. The carpels have enlarged, clavate carpellary appendages. The flowers emit solvent-like, pungent, fermented, or fruity fragrances. Taxonomy Publication It was first described as Nymphaea sect. Hydrocallis Planch. by Jules Émile Planchon in 1853. Later, it was elevated to the status of the subgenus Nymphaea subg. Hydrocallis (Planch.) Conard by Henry Shoemaker Conard in 1905. Species Nymphaea amazonum Nymphaea belophylla Nymphaea caatingae Nymphaea conardii Nymphaea francae Nymphaea gardneriana Nymphaea glandulifera Nymphaea harleyi Nymphaea jamesoniana Nymphaea lasiophylla Nymphaea lingulata Nymphaea novogranatensis Nymphaea oxypetala Nymphaea paganuccii Nymphaea pedersenii Nymphaea potamophila Nymphaea prolifera Nymphaea rapinii Nymphaea rudgeana Nymphaea tenuinervia Nymphaea vanildae Distribution The distribution of species within this subgenus extends from the southern United States through Central America, and the Caribbean to South America. Ecology Pollination Flowers of Nymphaea subg. Hydrocallis are pollinated by Cyclocephala beetles.	2
75893889	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmalysis	Plasmalysis	Technical aspects To generate a nonthermal plasma at atmospheric pressure, a working gas (molecular or inert gas, e.g. air, nitrogen, argon, helium) is passed through an electric field. Electrons originating from ionization processes can be accelerated in this field to trigger impact ionization processes. If more free electrons are produced during this process than are lost, a discharge can build up. The degree of ionization in technically used plasmas is usually very low, typically a few per mille or less. The electrical conductivity generated by these free charge carriers is used to couple in electrical power. When colliding with other gas atoms or molecules, the free electrons can transfer their energy to them and thus generate highly reactive species that act on the material to be treated (gaseous, liquid, solid). The electron energy is sufficient to split covalent bonds in organic molecules. The energy required to split single bonds is in the range of about 1.5 - 6.2 eV, for double bonds in the range of about 4.4 - 7.4 eV and for triple bonds in the range of 8.5 - 11.2 eV . For gases that can also be used as process gases, dissociation energies are e.g. 5.7 eV (O2) and 9.8 eV (N2)	2.46875
75893926	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alvania%20filocincta	Alvania filocincta	Alvania filocincta is a species of small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Rissoidae. Description The length of the shell attains 3 mm, its diameter 1.7 mm. (Original description) The small shell is opaque and rather solid, broadly ovate and narrowly perforate. It contains five whorls, of which 1½ compose the protoconch. They are ventricose, the earlier whorls are angled above, the body whorl rounded,. The whorls are rapidly increasing, not descending at the aperture and sharply constricted at the sutures. Sculpture : the protoconch is smooth. In adult shell the radials first predominate, then gradually grow denser and finer and then are at body whorl exceeded by the spirals. The body whorl carries twelve sharp, erect, wide spaced spirals, of which the upper are latticed by forty-two radial riblets proceeding from the suture and fading at the periphery. Twenty stronger radial ribs, whose interstices are traversed by five spirals, cross the penultimate whorl. The remaining whorl and a half has twenty-one coarse, wide set radials, with a spiral thread above and below. The aperture is perpendicular ovate, fortified by a thick -outstanding varix. Distribution This marine species is endemic to Australia and occurs off New South Wales, South Australia, Tasmania and Victoria.	2.21875
75893985	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20ABCs%20of%20Book%20Banning	The ABCs of Book Banning	The ABCs of Book Banning is a 2023 short documentary film, directed by Sheila Nevins; co-directed by Trish Adlesic and Nazenet Habezghi and produced by Trish Adlesic. It premiered at the Woodstock Film Festival, on September 30, 2023. Summary The film features people discussing the mass banning of books relating to LGBT topics and issues of race, specifically in Florida. Books featured include And Tango Makes Three, Maus, Ambitious Girl, Beloved, The Life of Rosa Parks, The Hips on the Drag Queen Go Swish, Swish, Swish, Anne Frank’s Diary: The Graphic Adaptation, The Hate U Give, All Boys Aren't Blue, and Gender Queer. Reception Critical response Josiah Teal of Film Threat gave the film a 9/10 score and stated: "ABCs of Book Banning does an excellent job summarizing the significant details in just under a half-hour. It speaks volumes about the importance of increasing perspectives through literature, especially at an early age." Jennie Kermode, writing for Eye For Film, gave the film 4.5/5 stars and summarized: "It’s a simple film, but more powerful for it: a film in defence of words which doesn’t need many to make its point." However, Colin Souter of Roger Ebert.com gave it a mixed review stating that: The movie means well, but it’s artless in its approach. It preaches to the choir for twenty-seven minutes, but never provides any answers on how students or parents at these schools can fight the policies or obtain copies of the banned books elsewhere. This is the kind of film you show on day one at a Library Science 101 class, a power-point, listicle version of “Kids Say the Darndest Things.” I agree with everything it’s saying, but as a documentary, it lacks power and substance. Accolades It was nominated for Best Documentary Short Film at the 96th Academy Awards.	2.09375
75894010	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20One%20and%20Only%20Bob	The One and Only Bob	The One and Only Bob is a 2020 children's book by Katherine Applegate and illustrated by Patricia Castelao. It is a sequel to the 2013 book The One and Only Ivan. Synopsis The book follows Bob, an abused stray dog who befriends a gorilla named Ivan and an elephant named Ruby. After being adopted by kind girl named Julia, Bob attempts to re-learn how to trust humans. After a hurricane wrecks his town, Bob runs away from home to find his long-lost sister, who was once presumed dead. Reception Julie Jesernik, writing for School Library Journal, gave the book a starred review and wrote that "Bob’s story is delightfully heartfelt and adventurous. Castelao’s illustrations add additional beauty to the story." Mary Eisenhart of Common Sense Media gave the book 5 out of 5 stars, calling it a "compelling, ultimately uplifting tale, told by a snarky, formerly abused dog who's still confused about it all". Kirkus Reviews gave the book a starred review, praising the "wry doggy observations and attitude" of the main character. Leonard S. Marcus of The New York Times wrote that "Applegate’s sure grasp of the essence of dog nimbly guides the early chapters even as the balance of Bob’s inner concerns shifts decisively from canine to human with talk of guilt, cowardice, forgiveness." However, Marcus criticized the hurricane sequence as being bland and unnecessarily long. Sequel The book was followed by The One and Only Ruby in 2023.	1.945313
75894213	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vijayapura%20Central%20Prison	Vijayapura Central Prison	Central Prison, Vijayapura, one of the oldest prisons in the country, is located in a 15th-century heritage structure belonging to the Adil Shahi era. Earlier, it was known as Central Prison, Bijapur. It has a lofty Persian-style entrance, black-stoned wide walls and Arabic scriptures carved in stone slab. After the district was renamed as Vijayapura, the jail is also renamed as the Central Prison, Vijayapura. It is the oldest prison complex in Karnataka and one of the oldest jail buildings in India. It was built by Nawab Mustafa Khan in 1640, a noble of Mohammad Adil Shah. Earlier, the jail served as an inn (sarai) for king's special guests. In 1887, British government converted the building into a jail. It was Captain Wilkinson, who suggested that this building may be converted into a jail, according to Krishna Kolhar Kulkarni, a historian and professor. The jail became a central prison in 1983. The Arabic script that welcomes the visitors at the entrance of the jail states a ‘peaceful and a safe stay’. New premises After a proposal to move the jail to a new building on the outskirts of Vijayapura, it is expected that the jail would be shifted soon to the new premises. The new Central Prison will have capacity for 1000 inmates and a budget of Rs.100 crores is sanctioned to develop the 40-acre new facility. Facilities The prison has a hospital in the first floor. The inn had a spacious first floor which hosted higher nobility or very rich traders now became the prison hospital. The prison also has handloom facility where prisoners are trained in the art and they also produce goods carpets and blankets. The 'jamkhanas' produced at the prison are now popular. The section which was used only for women in the old inn, is now made into a kitchen and the horse stables are converted into barracks. During Covid, the handloom facility produced face masks and a quarantine system was set-up by the jail superintendent Myageri, who was later facilitated by the Chief Minister.	2.28125
75894253	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving%20Jones	Irving Jones	Irving Jones (1874–1932) was an American comedian and songwriter who specialized in a ragtime musical genre known as coon songs during their heyday in the late 19th and early 20th century. He sold close to 50 songs, many of which became enormously popular. A successful comic throughout his career, he has been hailed as a pioneer of ragtime music and both praised and criticized for his ability to take advantage of the popularity of the coon song genre, which often used stereotypical portrayals of African-Americans. Life and career 19th Century Jones was born in New York City in 1873, and began his stage career as a child. While still a teenager, he began working with Sam T. Jack's Creole Show during their first tour in 1890. That same year he married his wife Sadie, who also performed with the Creole Show. . The Creole Show broke with the old plantation show format and introduced new urban elements. In the show, Jones composed and sung his own songs and performed comic monologues. His song and dance numbers like Postman reflected the new cosmopolitan sensibility of African-American vaudeville performance . In his early years, he was known mostly as a comic and was described as "a charming hustler" who expertly took charge of the craps games on the Creole Show's railroad sleeping car.	2.234375
75894253	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving%20Jones	Irving Jones	Jones wrote his last song, called "I've Lost My Appetite for Chicken", in 1904. In 1908, a song he had written earlier, "Under the Chicken Tree", was his last publication. By the early 20th century, both black and white audiences were beginning to reject the term 'coon songs', but Jones' comedy and songs continued to be popular into the 1920s. One critic said that white performers hated having to compete with him on the same bill. He had a 'chesty boisterous" onstage persona, but was described as shy with self-deprecating humor in person. . He lived to see some of his songs not only get reproduced but become some of the most popular on the Race Records of the 1920s. Unfortunately, since he had sold his songs piecemeal, he never received any royalties for the recordings. He stayed active as a comedian until his death on March 11, 1932, in New York City. Themes and critical reception Jones' songs appealed to whites and to the Black middle class. He frequently wrote about themes of money and of rejection, as in "You Don't Handle Nuff Money For Me", "You Ain't Landlord No More". Passing as white was another theme he tackled. He was well known for the sardonic humor in his songs. He made fun of Ernest Hogan's popular but often disparaged "All Coons Look Alike to Me", with "All Birds Look Like Chickens to Me." Historian Paul Oliver notes that in this song, as in others, Jones uses Quail as a symbol for the good life. In another verse about living well, from Ragtime Millionaire, he sings:	2.109375
75894342	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper%20Bukit%20Timah%20factory%20murders	Upper Bukit Timah factory murders	Verdict On 6 May 1970, after a trial lasting 17 days, after a trial lasting 17 days, the two trial judges – Justice F A Chua and Justice T Kulasekaram – delivered their verdict. Justice Chua, who pronounced the decision in court, stated that they rejected the defendants' claim that their confessions were made involuntarily, and he said that it was clear that both the youths entered the factory with a view to commit armed robbery and had also brought along knives with them with intent to use them if necessary. The judges also accepted that Liew was responsible for knifing Kan to death while Leung was fatally stabbed by Kee, and there was an intention on the part of both Kee and Liew to inflict bodily injuries that were sufficient in the ordinary course of nature to cause death, and hence there were sufficient grounds to return with a guilty verdict of murder. Therefore, 21-year-old Liew Kim Siong and 20-year-old Kee Ah Tee were both found guilty of murder on both counts, and sentenced to death by hanging. Under Singaporean law, the death penalty was mandated as the sole punishment for murder upon conviction. The joint case of Liew Kim Siong and Kee Ah Tee was the first capital case where two trial judges imposed the death penalty on two men for murder, after the abolition of jury trials for capital offences in January 1970. By January 1971, the courts of Singapore had heard 18 high-profile death penalty cases over the past year of 1970, and out of these cases, Kee and Liew were among the ten people given the death penalty, although one of these ten people would successfully had his death sentence overturned on appeal.	1.929688
75895273	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle%20Eastern%20crisis%20%282023%E2%80%93present%29	Middle Eastern crisis (2023–present)	During the first month of the war, Israeli attacks on airports in Syria killed two workers, and attacks in southwestern Syria killed eight Syrian soldiers. Israel continued strikes in Syria in 2024, including in Damascus and Aleppo. In January, Israel killed an Iranian general of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) Quds Force in Damascus alongside 12 others. On 1 April, Israel bombed the consulate annex of Iran's embassy in Damascus, killing 16, including Mohammad Reza Zahedi, the commander of the Quds Force in Syria and Lebanon. In September 2024, Israel launched a raid and airstrikes in Masyaf that killed at least 18 people, and in October, Israeli strikes killed 13 people in Damascus and 10 in al-Quasyr. In November, Israeli strikes targeting Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ) killed 23 in Syria, including two PIJ leaders; later that month, Israeli strikes in Palmyra killed 92 Iran-backed fighters, including four from Hezbollah. Opposition offensives and end of the Assad regime On 27 November 2024, a coalition of Syrian opposition groups launched a surprise offensive against the Syrian government led by Bashar al-Assad in the country's northwest. The offensive came after key allies of the Assad government — Russia, Iran, and Hezbollah — were weakened by other conflicts. Led by Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) and supported by Turkish-backed rebels, the offensive was the first since the 2020 ceasefire that largely halted major fighting in the Syrian civil war, which began in 2011.	1.945313
75895404	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoclassical%20architecture%20in%20Tuscany	Neoclassical architecture in Tuscany	In general, this period was characterized by an architecture devoid of ostentation. The layout of the new baths of San Giuliano, the design of which was drawn up between 1744 and 1762 by architects Giuseppe Ruggieri, Ignazio Pellegrini and Gaspare Paoletti, constitutes a significant example of this architecture: among the simple buildings of the baths, imagined as the fulcrum of development of a new inhabited settlement, the central building, which stood out exclusively, distinguished by the window-balcony motif and the clock above it. Also recalled is the design for the new Livorno suburb of San Jacopo: a regular-mesh plan layout, somewhat akin to the design of the contemporary Borgo Teresiano in Trieste, with dwellings characterized by sober facades and the search for maximum simplicity of distribution in the plan. The same essentiality is found in the design for a market square to be built near the church of San Pierino, Pisa (1749), in the facade of the church of San Giuseppe (1759) and in the Marucelliana library in Florence. In other words, the Lorraine period had inaugurated a more measured design attitude than the one held during Gian Gastone's grand duchy, with a few apparent exceptions, such as the church of Santa Felicita (completed in 1739), the bell tower of San Lorenzo with its flattened bulbous finial (1740) and the continuation of the sumptuous Princes' Chapel; works that constitute the last reflection of the Medici period, as they had been begun prior to the Regency or commissioned directly by Princess Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici.	2.21875
75895404	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoclassical%20architecture%20in%20Tuscany	Neoclassical architecture in Tuscany	From the Conservative Order to Unification (1814-1860) With the Conservative Order, that generation of talented architects trained at the Academy of Fine Arts in Florence under Gaspare Paoletti became the protagonists of a particularly dense and interesting period for the Grand Duchy of Tuscany. Upon his return to Tuscany in September 1814, Grand Duke Ferdinand III set up a major program for the construction of works of public utility: for example, new roads were built in the territory of Arezzo, the new aqueduct came into operation in Livorno (1816), the road system in Maremma was upgraded, and the vast and functional Dogana delle Filigare was erected on the Bolognese road to the design of Luigi de Cambray Digny (1818). In several cities, old blocks were demolished to open new squares. In Florence, in 1824 Gaetano Baccani prepared the plan for the enlargement of the Piazza del Duomo, with the creation of a vague portico of neoclassical style on the south side; statues of Arnolfo di Cambio and Filippo Brunelleschi were inserted in the central loggia of the new Palazzo dei Canonici on the cathedral's southern flank to celebrate the values and protagonists of local culture. Alongside this project and the initiatives for the continuation of Via Cavour, there is the one for the widening of Via dei Calzaiuoli, which was approved, with several modifications, only in 1842. With the same criterion, in Pisa, the old monastery of San Lorenzo was demolished in order to create the Piazza Santa Caterina (completed in 1827 by Alessandro Gherardesca), the old Monumental Cemetery was rearranged into a museum, and a section of the Lungarno was laid out. In Arezzo, with the work on the road to Ancona, plans were made to regularize and connect the two levels of Piazza Sant'Agostino and to place a statue there, later actually erected in Piazza Grande.	2.3125
75895661	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamelea%20striatula	Chamelea striatula	In the 10th edition of Systema Naturae, Linné named Venus gallina based on the Mediterranean species, not accounting for the presence of an extremely similar venus clam on the northern coasts of Europe. Many authors quickly coined names for this overlooked species and its many slight morphological varieties, most notably Da Costa's Pectunculus striatulus (1778), which today is the basis of record for Chamelea striatula. Other notable obsolete names include Pennant's rugosa (1777), technically the first one to be coined, and Montagu's laminosa (1808), which describes a deep water variety with almost lamellose ridges As was convention at the time, British conchologists paid attention practically exclusively to the animals' shells, and rarely to the animal itself. Only in 1853 did Forbes and Hanley describe the most reliable way to distinguish striatula from gallina: the former's siphonal tubes are fully joined, while the latter's are separate and much shorter. The characteristic traits of the Atlantic and the Mediterranean form were often understood to form a continuum, which made their separation a matter of opinion	2.765625
75895673	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monastery%20of%20Toumliline	Monastery of Toumliline	Prime and the International Meetings Starting in 1952, Dom Denis Martin started to organise annual pilgrimages to Toumliline for young Catholics. Each had a certain topic: in 1952, "Reflect on our role together: discover and respect, love and serve Moroccan culture" (50 participants), in 1953, "How to connect with our Jewish and Muslim brothers and sisters" (200 participants) and in 1955 "Warnings against syncretism by those insufficiently trained in faith in Christ" (500 participants). When additionally in 1955 a nearby summer camp was closed by French authorities on suspicion of nationalist activities, the organisers asked the monks to host them, the monks welcomed them and gave them talks on diverse subjects. This sparked the idea of creating summer cultural sessions that would be termed "International Meeting". In August 1956, the first "International Meeting" took place at the monastery shortly after the French colonial rule ended. Mohammed V, who appreciated the solidarity of the Catholic and Protestant churches with the Moroccans during their independence fight and maintained good relations with archbishop Louis Lefèbvre, served as patron for these conferences. Though there were fears that Morocco's Liberation army would attack the attendance, the Liberation army protected them by an arrangement of two friends of Dom Martin: the minister of interior and the governor of Rabat. During that first meeting, 850 Christians, Jews and Muslims from twelve nationalities participated in the 52 lectures.	2.75
75895904	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20Amsterdam%27s%20windmills	New Amsterdam's windmills	In September 1609, Henry Hudson, accompanied by around 20 sailors, navigated the Halve Maen (Half Moon) into present-day New York Harbor. Tasked by the Dutch East India Company to discover a route to Asia, Hudson's journey instead led to the Dutch staking claim over an area they named Nieuw Nederland, encompassing what are now parts of the U.S. states of New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Connecticut. Between 1625 and 1626, the newly formed Dutch West India Company founded a settlement at the southern tip of Manhattan to serve as the capital and main trading hub of the colony, dubbing it Nieuw Amsterdam, which would eventually evolve into New York City. In 1626, the first windmill in the settlement was constructed by Franchoys Fezardon on the northwestern tip of Governors Island. This windmill was funded by the company and described as a Sawmill used to cut the stand of hardwood trees found on Noten Eylandt. In 1639, it was leased by Van Twiller along with other small buildings. However, as time went on, the windmill lost its functionality and was burned at the Director's request in 1648. The iron work of the windmill was salvaged before its destruction. It was the first windmill in New Netherland. Chronology The second windmill was known as the Old Fort Windmill. Originally a gristmill, its construction commenced in 1628. By August of the same year, the mill was operational. During this period, Fort Amsterdam consisted of a modest stockade with sodded earthworks. The mill was planned to include a tower to display bells seized during the 1625 Dutch capture of San Juan, located in Puerto Rico. The mill eventually ceased operations between 1663 and 1664.	2.890625
75895978	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killi%20Kechi%20Beg	Killi Kechi Beg	Killi Kechi Beg, also known as Kechi Beg, is an archaeological site located in the Quetta Valley of Balochistan, Pakistan. The site can be traced back to 3800–3200 BCE, during the developed Neolithic era of the pre–Harappan Indus Valley Civilizations. Based on ceramics from the region that are on exhibit at the Central Asian Antiquities Museum in New Delhi, India, it was found by British archaeologist Stuart Piggott during his explorations in the region in 1943–1944. Killi Kechi Beg is one of several Chalcolithic period sites found in Balochistan dating back to 4500 to 1500 BCE. Excavation and finding As part of the American Museum of Natural History's archaeological explorations to Balochistan in the early 1950s, American archaeologist Walter A. Fairservis excavated Killi Kechi Beg. After giving the site the code Q14, Fairservis dug an 8-by-3-meter trench that was 2.5 meters deep and reached virgin soil. The excavated area was lowered to 6.5 by 3 meters because of a partial disturbance of the trench caused by a later Muslim burial chamber. According to Naseer and Jan (2018), the excavations uncovered a single cultural horizon or period that they dubbed the Kechi Beg culture after the site. This period corresponds with Period IV at the neighboring site of Kili Gul Muhammad. Culture According to Naseer and Jan (2018), the Kechi Beg civilization is an advanced Chalcolithic (Copper Age) phase in the Balochistan cultural sequence. Kechi Beg I (KB I) and Kechi Beg II (KB II) are the site's two principal cultural stages. Cultural similarities between KB I and the Kili Gul Muhammad IV (KGM IV) phase indicate a close cultural and material relationship between the people living at these two locations. The Balochistan Tradition's Kechi Beg II (KB II) phase corresponds to the Regionalization era from 5500 to 3300 BCE.	2.46875
75895978	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killi%20Kechi%20Beg	Killi Kechi Beg	With stone slab foundations and mud-brick walls for the top structures, Kechi Beg's architecture is very straightforward. This architectural style, which reflects the building materials and methods accessible at the time, is prevalent among the Chalcolithic sites in the area. Pottery One unique aspect of the culture at Killi Kechi Beg is the pottery discovered. It is a part of the Quetta Culture, which includes other archaeological sites from Iranian Sistan and the Helmand Valley to the Baloch and Sarawan districts of Balochistan, and what Piggott called the "Buff-ware cultures" of Balochistan. Painted patterns reminiscent of the Amri ceramic decoration history define the Kechi Beg pottery style. Wide bands with geometric motifs like sigmas, hachures, cross-hatchings, and designs painted in black on a red or buff slip characterize the exquisite, well-decorated KB I ceramics. KB II is well-known for its polychrome ceramics, which have striking color combinations and geometric patterns. Kechi Beg pottery is one of the three primary pottery styles of the Balochistan Tradition, the other two being Quetta Ware and Nal Pottery. Black-on-buff slip, bichrome (black patterns and red bands painted on buff ware), and white-on-dark slip are characteristics of Kechi Beg Ware, also called Togau Ware. In the late fifth and early fourth millennia BCE, this ceramic style was commonly used throughout Balochistan. Regional significance Killi Kechi Beg is part of the Kechi Beg complex, one of several cultural complexes that emerged around Balochistan during the second period of the developed Neolithic era. Evidence indicates that wheat replaced barley as the main crop in the Kechi Beg complex, which created a shift in subsistence patterns that may have been made possible by improvements in irrigation. There may be evidence of an irrigation canal from this era close to the Mehrgarh site.	2.78125
75896099	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatuma%20Ndangiza	Fatuma Ndangiza	Ndangiza became chair of a task force to create a National Women's Council, with the goal of uniting women and helping them move past their differences and work together on development and empowerment. Their strategic planning sessions discussed how to increase women's participation in decision making and economic initiatives, while cultivating allies in the transitional legislature. The structure decided upon was a national council acting as an umbrella network for provincial, district, sectional, and local councils through which their concerns and needs could be filtered. The goal was to organise and prepare women throughout the country to become advocates for themselves, so that they would be ready to press for their rights when the first post-genocide elections occurred. The first elections to the councils were held locally in 1996. One of the women's first tasks was to review existing legislation which disadvantaged women and discriminated against them. Calling together legal analysts and gender experts, the councils made proposals to change laws such as those preventing women from inheriting property. As the genocide had created many women-led households, it was important to prevent any possibility of distant male relatives taking over their homes and the land they needed to feed their families.	2.953125
75896118	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparkassengruppe%20%C3%96sterreich	Sparkassengruppe Österreich	Since World War II After the currency stabilization in 1952, the savings bank system underwent its most successful phase to date, with extremely high growth rates, although there were also strong government restrictions to combat inflation until the 1970s. In 1957, the Girozentrale was restructured from its Anschluss-era legal form under public law to a joint-stock corporation, the Girozentrale der Österreichische Sparkassen AG, subsequently renamed Girozentrale und Bank der österreichische Sparkassen AG in 1965. In 1979, through the Banking Act and the Savings Banks Act, the savings banks were placed on an equal footing with other credit institutions, which meant a significant expansion of their scope of business. Volunteers were replaced on savings bank boards by full-time executives, and most state regulations were phased out. At the same time, the branch network and the associated number of employees kept expanding. In order to offer all financial services, numerous subsidiaries in the insurance, leasing and investment sectors were founded. There were also two major waves of mergers, with a significant reduction in savings banks from 162 in 1979 to 75 in 1995. Waves of mergers reduced the total number of savings banks to 128 in 1983, and 74 in 1994.	2.390625
75896197	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gorgonophontes	Gorgonophontes	Smith et al. (2023) conducted a phylogenetic analysis to determine the relations between fossil mantis shrimps, which recovered Gorgonophontes to be a monophyletic genus, forming a sister taxon to the clade including Daidal schoellmanni and Daidal acanthcercus. Meanwhile, the family Gorgonophontidae was found to be polyphyletic. The authors suggest that such a result may be due to the fragmentary nature of Daidal pattoni. The results of the analysis are displayed in the cladogram below: Palaeobiology Gorgonophontes would have been a carnivore, based on its enlarged raptorial appendages and the diets of other mantis shrimps. It has been theorized to be a benthopelagic predator, swimming a little above the seabed while it hunted by grabbing its prey from above with its raptorial maxillipeds. This is supported by the fact that its walking appendages were too short to facilitate a wide stance, and that the animal was unable to lift the front of its body, making it incapable of catching prey while standing on the bottom. Similar conditions are seen in Tyrannophontes and Tyrannosculda, suggesting early mantis shrimps were not benthic animals like their modern counterparts. However, the larvae of modern mantis shrimps are also benthopelagic predators, and it has thus been proclaimed that studying them could allow better understanding of early mantis shrimps.	2.484375
75896723	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert%20von%20B%C3%BClow	Albert von Bülow	Ernst Friedrich Albert von Bülow (15 August 1829 – 9 May 1892) was a Prussian major general. Early life Albert von Bülow, was born on 15 August 1829 in Berlin. He came from the von Bülow family in the Mecklenburg nobility. He was the second son of the Royal Prussian Legation Councilor Friedrich Karl von Bülow (1789–1853) and, his second wife, Ida Pauline Natalie von Carlowitz (1806–1872). Among his siblings were brothers Otto von Bülow, the diplomat, and Karl Adolf Leopold von Bülow, the General Adjutant and Royal Prussian General of the Cavalry. Among his extended family were Bernhard Ernst von Bülow, the State Secretary for Foreign Affairs, and Prince Bernhard von Bülow, Chancellor of the German Empire from 1900 to 1909. Career In April 1847, Bülow joined the 1st Foot Guards Regiment of the Prussian Army as an ensign. He received his commission as a Second lieutenant in May 1849 and attended the Prussian Staff College from 1852 to 1855. He fought in the Second Schleswig War in 1864. Bülow commanded the 2nd Magdeburg Infantry Regiment No. 27 from May 1880 to May 1885 and was then promoted to Major general with a statutory pension. Personal life In 1866 he married Baroness Marie Friederike Emilie Karoline von Meerheimb (1835–1925) in Jürgenshagen. She was a daughter of Friedrich von Meerheimbug and Emilie Kleist von Meerheimbug. Together, they were the parents of several children, including: Friedrich August Otto Karl von Bülow (1868–1936), who married Baroness Irmgard Lewine Hedwig Auguste Alma Bertha Anna von Hammerstein-Loxten, daughter of Prussian Agriculture Minister Ernst von Hammerstein-Loxten. Rudolf von Bülow (1873–1955), who became a diplomat and served as the German ambassador to Paraguay. Bülow died in Berlin in 1892.	2.34375
75897699	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marchantiana%20occidentalis	Marchantiana occidentalis	Similar species Marchantiana occidentalis is distinguishable from similar species through a few key characteristics. It shares a resemblance with Caloplaca magnetensis due to its dark greenish-brown thallus. However, M. occidentalis sets itself apart with its centrally aggregated orange to orange-brown apothecia and the unique presence of lichen products such as ascomatic acid, methyl ascomatate, and 7-O-methylascomatic acid. Additionally, while C. magnetensis has a more developed thallus and lecanorine apothecia, its ascospores have narrower septa, measuring 1–2 μm in width compared to the 3–5 μm wide septa of M. occidentalis. Another species, the northern Eurasian Huneckia pollinii, shares morphological similarities with M. occidentalis. However, M. occidentalis is identified by its more developed, continuous thallus, and its distinctly shorter and narrower ascospores, which measure 11–13 by 4.5–6 μm compared to 15–18 by 8–10 μm in H. pollinii. Additionally, there are chemical differences between the two species. Another possible lookalike, Dijigiella kaernefeltiana has some morphological characteristics that distinguish it from Marchantiana occidentalis. It is characterised by a greyish-greenish or greyish-whitish thallus, contrasting with the brown to dark brown, greenish areoles of M. occidentalis which are more deeply embedded in bark. Additionally, D. kaernefeltiana features zeorine or lecanorine apothecia with a distinct bright orange disc and a true exciple, differing from the (usually) biatorine type found in M. occidentalis. The exciple of D. kaernefeltiana is scleroplectenchymatous or presents a textura intricata pattern, in contrast to the pseudoprosoplectenchymatous and paraplectenchymatous structure seen in the lateral and basal portions, respectively, of M. occidentalis. Chemically, D. kaernefeltiana is distinguished by the absence of ascomatic acid, ascomatatic and 7-O-methylascomatatic acid. Moreover, the ascospores of D. kaernefeltiana are somewhat shorter, measuring 8–13 by 4.5–6 μm.	2.171875
75898009	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HD%2063433	HD 63433	HD 63433 (TOI-1726, V377 Geminorum) is a G-type main sequence star located 73 light-years from Earth in the zodiacal constellation Gemini, visually close to the star Pollux. It has nearly the same radius and mass of the Sun, hence being classified as a Sun-like star. However, it is much younger than the Sun, less than one tenth as old with an age of about 400 million years. With an apparent magnitude of 6.9, it is not visible to the naked eye, but can be seen with a small telescope or binoculars. Based on its kinematic, rotational and lithium abundance properties, it is part of the Ursa Major Moving Group. There are three exoplanets orbiting it, one is classified as an Earth-sized planet, while the two others are mini-Neptunes. Characteristics HD 63433 is a G-type main sequence star with a radius of , a mass of , an effective temperature of and a spectral type G5V. Its properties are quite similar to those of the Sun, which has a spectral type G2V and a temperature of 5772 K. Therefore, it is classified as a solar analog. HD 63433, however, is much younger than the Sun, having an age of 414 million years, just 9% of the solar age of 4.6 billion years. It has a surface gravity of 33.8 g and a rotational period of 6.45 days, which is 3.8 times faster than the Sun. With an apparent magnitude of 6.92m, it is below the limit for naked-eye visibility, generally defined as 6.5m, which would mean that this star is not visible to the naked eye, but easily visible using a small telescope or binoculars. Despite being faint, HD 63433 is actually the third-brightest star with transiting exoplanets confirmed by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite, with only Pi Mensae (5.65m) and HR 858 (6.38m) being brighter.	2.390625
75898026	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karlskoga%20Hospital	Karlskoga Hospital	Karlskoga Hospital () is a rural general hospital in the Skranta area of Karlskoga, Sweden, serving a catchment area of 70,000 people. History Karlskoga Hospital was opened in 1942. Its predecessor was Karlskoga sjukstuga, also known as Karlskoga old hospital, a healthcare facility on Kungsvägen in Karlskoga, which opened to the public on April 1, 1884. The original building was a two-story timbered house, but a new brick building was inaugurated 17 years later in 1901, near Karlskoga Church. The decision to construct a new healthcare facility was made in 1899 because the former one lacked capacity. The hospital is one of three hospitals within the Örebro County Region, the others being the Örebro University Hospital and Lindesberg Hospital. The hospital employs approximately 730 people and serves as an emergency hospital for the western part of Örebro County, the municipalities of Karlskoga and Degerfors, as well as the eastern part of Värmland County, including the municipalities of Kristinehamn, Storfors, and Filipstad. The total population in the area is around 70,000 residents. Karlskoga Hospital consists of six clinics and has 130 beds. The birthing center at Karlskoga Hospital was shut down in 2019. In 2012, Karlskoga Hospital received the Swedish Quality Award ().	2.015625
75898028	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HD%2063433%20c	HD 63433 c	HD 63433 c (TOI-1726 c) is a mini-Neptune exoplanet orbiting the Sun-like star HD 63433. It is the outermost planet in its planetary system, being located from its star, and completing one orbit every 21 days. Despite being the outermost planet in the system, it is still located close to its star, meaning that its temperature is hot, being estimated between 267 and 406 °C. HD 63433 c is about 2.7 times larger than Earth and 15.5 times more massive, but still smaller and less massive than Neptune. In 2022, a study showed that its atmosphere, made up of hydrogen, is being evaporated by the strong radiation from its star, causing it to slowly turn into a super-Earth planet. Characteristics HD 63433 c is classified as a mini-Neptune planet, a class of planets that are smaller than Neptune but still have an atmosphere of hydrogen and/or helium, just like Neptune. According to theoretical models, its composition is mainly of silicate and water, surrounded by a gaseous envelope that makes up about 2% of the planet. HD 63433 c is 2.7 times larger than Earth, but still 1/3 smaller than the Solar System's ice giants, Neptune and Uranus. Its mass is about 15.5 , being situated between the masses of Uranus and Neptune, which are 14.54 and 17.15 respectively. The density of HD 63433 c is calculated at 4.6 g/cm3, slightly lower than Earth's, but higher than the densities of Neptune and Uranus. The age of the planet is estimated at 400 million years. It is the outermost planet in its planetary system, orbiting its star at a distance of , with an orbital period of 21 days. Despite being the outermost planet, its distance is about 37% of Mercury's distance from the Sun, in addition to having a high temperature, estimated between 267 and 406 degrees Celsius.	2.46875
75898110	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal%20Trainer%20%28Picabia%29	Animal Trainer (Picabia)	Animal Trainer is an enamel on canvas painting by the French painter Francis Picabia, created in 1923. It is held at the Musée National d'Art Moderne, in Paris. Description and analysis This painting represents a male black silhouette, with a long nose, raising his also black whip above four dogs of different colours on the ground and an owl on a perch, in a grey background. The dogs seem indifferent to his command, with the exception of one of them, who stands in front of him. The scene appears circus inspired but its meant to be most likely an ironic allegory to the current state of modern art. The title appears in the upper left corner and the artist's signature in the opposite corner, where the work is falsely dated of July 5, 1937. The painting is probably intended to mock the return to order artistic movement then underway in modern art by representing it allegorically as a tamer not of wild beasts but instead of domestic dogs. It thus suggests that the Salon d'Automne of 1923, where it was exhibited, had lost the audacity of past, like the 1905 edition, which had launched fauvism.	1.992188
75898230	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suryadeva%20Yajvan	Suryadeva Yajvan	Suryadeva (1191 – at least 1248 CE) was a Sanskrit-language writer on astrology and astronomy (jyotisha)) from the Chola kingdom of southern India. He wrote commentaries on several notable works including the Aryabhatiya and the Laghu-manasa. Biography Suryadeva was a Brahmana of the Nidhruva gotra, associated with the Bodhayana Sutra, claiming descent (pravaras) from the sages Kashyapa, Avatsara, and Naidhruva. His works use different suffixes for his name, including Sūri, Yajvā, Yajvān, Somasut, and Dīkṣita. Sūri refers to his scholarship; the other suffixes suggest that he had performed the Soma-yajna ritual sacrifice. According to his commentary on Laghumanasa, Suryadeva was born in 1191 CE (Monday, 3rd day of the dark half of the Magha month of the Shaka year 1113). He lived in the Chola kingdom, and resided in a town that different manuscripts variously call Gangapuram, Gangapuri, and Shri-ranga-gangapuri; this town can be identified as Gangaikonda Cholapuram. Suryadeva does not name his parents, but suggests that he was a student or a protégé of his maternal uncle – also named Suryadeva. Suryadeva appears to have read a large number of previous works, as he refers to earlier scholars such as Lagadhacharya, Vrddha Garga, Parashara, Aryabhata I, Haradatta (Haridatta), Latadeva, Varahamihira, Bhaskara I (whom he calls "Bhaskaracharya"), Brahmagupta, Lalla, Prthusvamin (Prthudaka Svami), Prashastidhara (Whom he calls "Prasastadhara"), Bhattotpala, and Shripati. Besides the works of these authors, Suryadeva also cites and quotes various Vedic, religious, and philosophical works. Later writer Yallaya (c. 1480), in his commentary on the Surya Siddhanta, praises Suryadeva as an "all-knowing astronomer". In his commentary on the Laghumanasa, he states the planetary positions for a particular day in 1248 CE (Shaka year 1170), which suggests that he wrote the commentary at the age of 57, in 1248. Works Suryadeva wrote at least five commentaries, in the following order:	1.90625
75898260	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%20Counterfeit%20Santa%20Claus	A Counterfeit Santa Claus	A Counterfeit Santa Claus is an American drama film directed by Hardee Kirkland from December 1912. The now lost film was distributed by the Selig Polyscope Company. Plot The Mullins' situation is bleak. The couple sits at an empty table in their poorly furnished apartment. The two children are sitting on the floor next to them, with their bedding pulled over their shoulders to keep them warm. The small family's woes increase as the landlord wants them evicted because of their rent arrears. Mike Mullin goes looking for work, but is repeatedly harshly rejected. Mike tries to beg on the street, but no one gives him anything. Mike stops in front of a house with obviously wealthy residents and decides to steal what he cannot otherwise get. He enters a room where the two children of the household had hung their stockings in anticipation of presents. The parents had decorated the room for Christmas with a tree and prepared a Santa Claus costume for the presents. Mike takes Santa's big sack and throws in the silver cutlery from the dining room. He then takes some presents from the tree for his own children and puts on his Santa Claus costume. The children wake up and come down to take a curious look at Santa. Mike sends them both back to bed and tells them to be quiet. The father hears the muffled voices and hides behind the curtains with his revolver drawn. Mike has come to his senses and wants to leave the bag with the loot behind. He attaches a piece of paper to it, but before he can take off the costume he is surprised by the host at gunpoint. The father demands that the message be released. The note says, "My wife and children are starving. I came into the house to steal. But I want to go as an innocent man and continue to trust in God's help."	2.0625
75898524	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%20Bit%20o%27%20Heaven	A Bit o' Heaven	A Bit o' Heaven is a 1917 American drama film directed by Lule Warrenton. The now-lost film was distributed by the Frieder Film Corporation in Chicago, whose California branch was headed by Warrenton. The film was based on the 1888 novel The Birds' Christmas Carol by the writer Kate Douglas Wiggin. Plot A Bit o' Heaven reproduces the plot of the original novel without deviations. Five-year-old Carol is the severely disabled child of wealthy parents. Their contacts are limited to their father, mother, the two brothers, their carer Elfrida, Uncle Jack, who is now traveling to distant countries, and the Ruggles' nine children who live in the back house. Occasional letters from Uncle Jack with a little surprise and the irregular visits from one of the Ruggles children are the only diversions in their monotonous life. Despite this, Carol is happy and loved by everyone. Shortly before Christmas, Carol has the idea to invite the Ruggles children to the party. Her mother agrees, and so Carol writes a letter of invitation to Mrs. Ruggles, which is delivered to her by her eldest daughter Sarah Maude. Uncle Jack announces himself with a letter and asks if he can visit the Birds for the festival.	1.96875
75898886	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamabad%20Uranium%20Conversion%20Facility	Islamabad Uranium Conversion Facility	The Uranium Conversion Facility in Islamabad is a uranium conversion site in Islamabad, Pakistan. The plant is owned by the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission and has a nominal capacity of producing uranium hexafluoride (UF6). Despite its existence being known since 1990 following investigations by the United States government, there are no official reports of its operations by the Government of Pakistan and about the technical data of the facility. Overview Believed to be built between 1974–76, the Uranium Conversion Facility is the only uranium hexafluoride conversion facility in Pakistan. The facility is known for its many names such as POF Uranium Conversion Facility by Federation of American Scientists (FAS) and other sources. The plant feeds U3O8 yellowcake received from local uranium mines and produces uranium hexafluoride gas for enrichment at one of the primary enrichment sites around the Pakistan. After being enriched, product is fabricated into nuclear fuel used for generating electricity at a nuclear power plant. For such purposes, the facility employs unique vacuum technology, which was imported from East Germany (possibly via Leybold GmbH), to process by which it converts powdered yellowcake into uranium tetrafluoride (UF4) to uranium trioxide (UO3), and uranium dioxide (urania) to convert to uranium hexafluoride (UF6) gas. Despite operating in secrecy, the uranium conversion facility was identified by the United States' Export Administration Regulations (EAR) for export controls in 1999.	2.34375
75899979	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novosvobodnaya%20culture	Novosvobodnaya culture	"In Rezepkin’s view, the older Maikop Culture stood under the influence of Mesopotamia, whereas he postulates influences on the younger Novosvobodnaja Culture from the milieu of the Funnel Beaker Culture." Some archaeologists, including Sergei Korenevsky, prefer the hypothesis of the existence of a more general Maykop-Novosvobodnaya cultural community, that included many local variants such as found at the Galyugayevskaya settlement (Kursky District, Stavropol Krai, Russia). More recently, excavations at Novosvobodnaya have been continued by Viktor Trifonov of the Institute for the History of Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and Natalya Shishlina of the State Historical Museum in Moscow. Paleogenetics A complete DNA sequencing was performed on the mitochondrial genome of a representative of the Novosvobodnaya culture from the Klady cemetery, ca. 3,500 BC. The mitochondrial haplogroup V7 was found Haplogroup V (mtDNA), indicating a possible connection between the Novosvobodnaya culture and the Funnel Beaker culture. Another possible burial of the Novosvobodnaya culture, however without grave goods, possessed the mitochondrial haplogroup T2b.	2.234375
75900095	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alua%20%28lake%29	Alua (lake)	Alua (; ) is a salt lake in Esil District, North Kazakhstan Region, Kazakhstan. The lake is located to the NW of Yavlenka town, the administrative center of the district. Small Amangeldi village lies to the southeast of the eastern lakeshore. Legend "Alua" is an ethnic Kazakh girl's name. According to local folklore, a young man named Zharylkamys fell in love with a girl named Alua and decided to marry her even though their clans adamantly opposed the union. Eventually the lovers ran away and hid in a thicket by the eastern lakeside, but Zharylkamys was found and killed by the clansmen chasing them. Seeing her lover dead, Alua committed suicide. Following the tragic outcome the lovers were buried at that same spot and as years went by the lake was named after the girl. This legend was collected by Sabit Mukanov in his autobiographical trilogy School of life. Geography Alua is an endorheic lake belonging to the Ishim River basin. It is located at the southern edge of the Ishim Plain. The shores are flat and the bottom of the lake is muddy. The lake is surrounded by agricultural fields and pasture land. It is fed by rain and snow. Lake Menkeser lies to the NW and Stanovoye to the north. Flora and fauna Some stretches of the lakeshore are overgrown with reeds. The mute swan is one of the bird species sighted at the lake.	2.328125
75900527	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mississippi%20State%20Troops	Mississippi State Troops	The Mississippi State Troops were military units formed by the Mississippi Legislature for State defense (rather than Confederate service) during the American Civil War. Five infantry regiments, four infantry battalions, and one cavalry battalion were drafted from the Mississippi militia in 1862. Two of the infantry regiments participated in the 1863 siege of Vicksburg, and several State Troop cavalry units were later reorganized and brought into Confederate service. However, most of the State Troop units were kept in military camps and never saw combat. In 1864, another set of State Troop units was created, with all white men aged 16–55 required to report for 30 days military service. Reserve State Troop units were also organized in 1864, consisting of men and boys who were otherwise too young or too old for regular military service. All of the remaining State Troops were officially disbanded when Confederate Lieutenant-General Richard Taylor surrendered all Confederate forces in the Department of Alabama, Mississippi, and East Louisiana to United States authorities on May 4, 1865, at Citronelle, Alabama. Mississippi militia and predecessor units The Mississippi territorial militia was first organized on September 8, 1798, when the Mississippi Territory was created. All free males between age 16 and 50 except government officials, doctors, and clergymen were subject to militia service. The Mississippi territorial militia arrested Aaron Burr in 1807, and fought against the Creek Indians and the British in the War of 1812.	2.859375
75900844	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veronica%20Springs	Veronica Springs	The major analysis of the Veronica Springs water was done in 1903 by the U.S. Bureau of Chemistry and published in Bureau of Chemistry Bull. No. 91. As of 1959, chemical analysis of water yielded the same results "as in 1903". U.S. government geologist Gerald A. Waring described Veronica Springs in 1915 as "situated on the sides of the wide drainage channel of San Roque Creek, about three-quarters of a mile northward from the ocean. The principal springs are on the western side of the creek, but water from about 12 springs, half of which are on each slope of the drainage channel, has been piped to collecting tanks in a warehouse at the principal springs. As the yield of the springs is small and the bottled product consists of the combined flow from a number of springs whose composition probably varies with the season, differences in any two analyses of the water would be expected. The remarkably high content of magnesia...seems to have been produced by concentration of the material from the ocean water by some means which is not clearly understood but which probably involved the evaporation of the water of lagoons to a bittern...The flat-topped hills on whose flanks the springs issue are composed of shales of late Tertiary age that probably belong to the Fernando formation, which has been described by Arnold. The mineralized water is said to seep from a yellow clay of the consistency of cheese." The water itself was said to be a "rich golden brownish yellow".	2.234375
75901295	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saffron%20Trail	Saffron Trail	The Saffron Trail is a long-distance footpath in Essex, England. The 71-mile (114 km) path leads from the pier in Southend-on-Sea to St Mary's church in Saffron Walden. It is waymarked, and shown on Ordnance Survey mapping. The path The Saffron Trail was conceived by David Hitchman in 2000, as a south-east to north-west route to complement the two west-to-east long-distance paths: the Essex Way and St Peter's Way. The name recalls the cultivation of crocuses in the Saffron Walden area from which the spice saffron is obtained, and which gives the town its name. The trail starts at the pier in Southend-on-Sea (), in the south-east of the county, and goes north-west across urban and rural Essex. It goes through fields and woodland, over commons, alongside rivers, through historic villages, and some built-up areas and finishes at the church of St Mary in Saffron Walden (). The trail is waymarked in both directions by a circular mauve marker with a purple crocus and the text "The Saffron Trail". The trail has several railway stations on the route or nearby, as well as some rural bus services. Route The Saffron Trail passes through the following locations: Southend Pier (start), Leigh-on-Sea, Hadleigh, Eastwood, Hockley, Hullbridge, Battlesbridge, Rettendon, East Hanningfield, Danbury, Chelmsford, Broomfield, Great Waltham, Howe Street, Littley Green, Felsted, Little Dunmow, Great Dunmow, Little Easton, Great Easton, Tilty, Chickney, Henham, Widdington, Newport, Wendens Ambo, Audley End station, Saffron Walden (finish). The highest point of the walk is 121 m (397 feet) near Widdington; the lowest point is at sea level at Southend pier.	2.140625
75901309	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristocrat%20Cipher	Aristocrat Cipher	The Aristocrat Cipher is a type of monoalphabetic substitution cipher in which plaintext is replaced with ciphertext and encoded into assorted letters, numbers, and symbols based on a keyword. The formatting of these ciphers generally includes a title, letter frequency, keyword indicators, and the encoder's nom de plume. The predecessor to these ciphers stems from the Caesar Cipher around 100. The Aristocrat Cipher also used a transposition of letters to encrypt a message. History Coined in 1929 by a group of friends, a part of the American Cryptogram Association (ACA), the Aristocrat Cipher's name was a play on words intended to show the organization as high class and intellectual. The Aristocrat Cipher, often referred to as the 'Aristocrat of Puzzles,' represented a significant shift in the paradigm of cryptography, particularly within the American Cryptogram Association, which popularized this challenging form of monoalphabetic substitution cipher. Substitution Ciphers and the Aristocrat Cipher are still used in many ways today including storage encryption, password encryption, cyber security, etc. The most common of these is data encryption, where using the Encryption Algorithms you convert plaintext to ciphertext, allowing your data to be stored without easy exfiltration. History Monoalphabetic substitution ciphers trace their origins to the Italian humanist Leon Battista Alberti, born on February 14, 1404, in Genoa, Italy. Alberti, the illegitimate son of Lorenzo Alberti, was raised in Venice, where he began his education in Latin and mathematics at a young age. Despite earning a degree in law from the University of Bologna, Alberti’s interests soon shifted towards the arts and sciences. In 1432, he took up a position in the Papal Chancery, and during a visit to Florence in 1434, he developed a keen interest in cryptography, influenced by his association with Leonardo Dati, who introduced him to the field of cryptology.	2.484375
75901424	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takabb%20Anti-Cough%20Pill	Takabb Anti-Cough Pill	History Shen Shuishi (), known in Thai based on the Teochew pronunciation as Jui-Sai Sae-Sim (, ), was born in 1898 in Fujian, China. His ancestral home was Zhao'an County in Fujian. In his youth in Fujian, he acquired substantial expertise in Traditional Chinese medicine and Chinese herbology while assisting a doctor in compounding medicines. Escaping a war occurring in China, Shen moved in 1917 with his family to Bang Khla district in Thailand. To make a living, he worked as a gardener and did poultry farming until he had enough to funds to start a grocery store at the floating market in Bang Khla district. In 1935, Shen moved to the Bangkok neighborhood of Talat Noi. Continuing to do manual work by day, Shen spent evening hours and leisure time on making herbal medicines. He concocted a Chinese herbology formula that would alleviate coughs. Shen gave the medicine to his neighbors and family and found that it helped them. Seeking to provide for his family, Shen wanted to make more money through selling medication that he named "Sim Tien Hor anti-cough pill". He delivered the medications he created to pharmacies in Bangkok in the 1920s.	2.203125
75901920	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haptoglobin-related%20protein	Haptoglobin-related protein	Haptoglobin-related protein (Hpr) is a serum protein that binds to haemoglobin of red blood cells and is present only in primates. It acts as a molecule of innate immunity in association with apolipoprotein L1 (ApoL 1)-containing high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles. In humans, together with related serum protein, haptoglobin, it acts as a cell-killing agent as part of the trypanolytic factor against the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei thereby providing natural resistance to African sleeping sickness. It is produced from the gene HPR that is located on the long arm of chromosome 16 within the HP (for haptoglobin) gene cluster. History Haptoglobin was discovered as a "plasma substance" in 1938 by French biochemists Max-Fernand Jayle and Michel Polonovski. The gene (later denoted as HP or Hp) was identified by British biochemist Oliver Smithies and his mentor, Canadian geneticist Norma Ford Walker in 1956. Smithies and Walker discovered that the gene could exist in two allelic autosomal genes, Hp1and Hp2. Additional allele and associated genes were subsequently identified. In 1983, Italian geneticist Riccardo Cortese and his team, led by Giovanni Raugei, sequenced the human Hp gene and discovered that there is a closely related gene in the vicinity. As they reported: "Southern blot analysis provides evidence for the presence of more than one haptoglobin gene per haploid genome and confirms that there is restriction site polymorphism at this locus." The next year, Smithies team, then at the University of Wisconsin, US, identified the same new gene and gave the name Hpr (for haptoglobin-related). The protein, Hpr, was determined by New York University Medical Center scientists Madhavi Muranjan, Victor Nussenzweig and Stephen Tomlinson in 1998.	2.390625
75901920	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haptoglobin-related%20protein	Haptoglobin-related protein	Structure Hpr is 45-kDa in molecular size. It is structurally similar to haptoglobin with over 90% amino acid identity but in lesser concentration in the blood. Like haptoglobin, it is composed of α- and β-chain which are connected through a disulfide bond. It lacks a glycosylation site and a cysteine involved in inter-α-chain bonding that are present in haptoglobin. Haptoglobin has either 1 (Hp1 genotype) or 2 (Hp2 genotype) of such cysteines. The α-chain of Hpr contains a hydrophobic signal peptide, which is absent in haptoglobin. The signal peptide makes Hpr associated with ApoL 1. The HPR gene originated from duplication of the HP gene and is present at 2.2 kilobase pairs downstream of the HP gene on the long arm of chromosome 16 in humans. HPR is 94% similar in DNA sequence to HP gene. The gene is also present in apes and Old World monkeys in which it is created from a gene triplication (additional HP gene is present) during early evolution of the primate group. Some humans have additional copy of HPR gene. The gene product has 28-amino acid differences, 16 of which occur in the β chain. HPR has longer intron, 9.5 kilobase pairs compared to 1.3 kilobase pairs of that of haptoglobin. It contains a retrovirus-like element that is not found in haptoglobin. Function Haptoglobin is known to be a high affinity-binding protein for haemoglobin during red blood cell destruction (haemolysis). Since Hpr is an accessory protein, it was initially believed that it that does not bind haemoglobin. However, an experiment in 2006 showed that it binds to haemoglobin with same affinity as haptoglobin. Unlike haptoglobin which binds to the scavenger receptor CD163, a protein on macrophages that is critical for eliminating bacterial infection, Hpr has no affinity for the receptor indicating that its primary role is different.	2.296875
75901985	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B3zsef-Csaba%20P%C3%A1l	József-Csaba Pál	The Ordination Ceremony In the architecturally and historically significant Cathedral of Timișoara, a congregation of faith and tradition came together on August 6, a day chosen for its dual significance: the Feast of the Transfiguration of the Lord and the anniversary of the 1736 foundation stone laying of the very cathedral that now hosted this momentous event. The ordination of József-Csaba Pál as the new bishop was a ceremony steeped in solemnity and ecclesiastical heritage, led by the outgoing bishop, Monsignor Martin Roos. His nineteen years of stewardship over the diocese culminated in this passing of the pastoral staff, a gesture rich in symbolism and continuity. The presence of prominent church leaders like George Jakubinyi, Archbishop and Metropolitan of Bucharest, and the Archbishop of Alba Iulia, alongside Monsignor Miguel Maury Buendia, the Apostolic Nuncio in Romania and the Republic of Moldova, underscored the event's significance. The ceremony was marked by the traditional and deeply symbolic rituals of episcopal ordination, including the laying on of hands, the bestowal of the ring, mitre, and the pastoral staff, each a testament to the sacred responsibilities and spiritual journey that lay ahead for Bishop Pál.	2.109375
75902183	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingeborg%20Suhr%20Mailand	Ingeborg Suhr Mailand	Ingeborg Rasmine Dorthea Suhr Mailand (16 June 1871, Kølstrup — 27 March 1969, Bagsværd) was a Danish teacher and school principal who in 1901 opened a home economics school in Copenhagen. In 1905, she established a separate teachers' training college specializing in nutrition and housekeeping which she ran until 1951. Suhr Mailand is also remembered for her successful cookbook cum textbook Mad (Food) published in 1909 and frequently republished since. Early life, education and family Born on 16 June 1871 in the village of Køhlstrup on the island of Funen, Ingeborg Rasmine Dorthea Suhr was the daughter of the educator and fruit-growing expert Johannes Christian Suhr (1841–1927) and his wife Ane Christine née Jensen (1846–1917). She was the eldest of the family's seven children. Initially tutored by her parents, she attended Askov Folk High School. After a period when she was employed as a hospital administrator, she continued her studies at Landbohøjskolen and followed teacher training courses at the home economics school run by Henriette Schønberg Erken in Oslo, as well as by taking courses in Berlin and Uppsala. In 1900, she followed a newly established course for cooking teachers at Danmarks Lærerhøjskole. In September 1912, she married the ear specialist Carl Adolph Henneke Mailand (1877–1967). Career In 1901, despite lack of public support, she succeeded in establishing a home economics school in Copenhagen, initially known as Den Suhrske Husmoderskole. Receiving enthusiastic support from the press, it rapidly attracted many upper and middle-class students. After introducing teacher training courses in 1905, she opened the Suhrs Seminarium college in separate premises. Following her marriage in 1912, accommodation was provided for out-of-town students. She managed the administration of the school herself, leasing it out to Agnes Elgstrøm in 1930 and in 1946 to Ella Saaby. In 1951, she and her husband transformed the school into an independent institution.	1.960938
75902900	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grosvenor%20Lodge%2C%20Wrexham	Grosvenor Lodge, Wrexham	Grosvenor Lodge (later 1 Grosvenor Road) is a Grade II listed building on Regent Street and Grosvenor Road, in Wrexham, North Wales. It was built in 1869 by J.R. Gummow and is in an Italianate villa style. It was initially a private residence for Isacc Shone, later mayor of Wrexham. It was purchased by Wrexham council in 1924, in which it became initially an office, then later a medical clinic until the 1990s. It underwent a restoration in 2001. History The building is situated on the corner of Regent Street and Grosvenor Road, opposite Wrexham Cathedral. Grosvenor Lodge was built in 1869 as a residence for Isaac Shone, who became Mayor of Wrexham in 1878. It was designed by J.R. Gummow, a local architect, who is credited with most of the suburban development in the southern parts of Wrexham in the 19th century. Shone lost his council seat in 1879 and thereafter vacated the residence and moved to London. It also served as the home of Robert Graesser and his family. In the early 1900s, the building became home to Wrexham's first female doctor, Katharine Rosebery Drinkwater, who moved to Wrexham, after her marriage to a local GP. She became the Assistant School Medical Officer for Wrexham in 1907. In 1924, the building was bought by Wrexham council from the executors of Shone's will. The council then repurposed the building to be first used as office space and then later as a health clinic until the 1990s. It was listed as a Grade II listed building by Cadw in 1991. In 2001, a full restoration of the building was carried out. As of 2024, the building is home to Cafcass Cymru. Until 1959, the Royal Welch Fusiliers War Memorial stood outside the building until its relocation to Chester Street.	2.03125
75903540	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josefa%20de%20Oliveira	Josefa de Oliveira	In 1895, in a company led by António de Sousa Bastos, she went on tour to Rio de Janeiro, where she stayed from July to October. There she decided to return to operetta, although her voice was continuing to grow weaker. However, she was successful with the public, especially in comedy roles. The Brazilian newspaper A Notícia, wrote that she was "(...) very comfortable in the role of an astute and unlikely dancer". In July 1899 she went on tour to the Azores with the company of the Society of Portuguese Dramatic Artists, doing a season at the Teatro Angrense, in Angra do Heroísmo, together with Lucinda Simões and her daughter Lucília Simões. She returned to the Ginásio and stayed there for several years, before signing up, in around 1904, with the Teatro D. Amélia, at the request of the Viscount of São Luís de Braga, who was the theatre's director. This period was characterized by countless conflicts, with the actors accusing the viscount of artistic insensitivity and the payment of meagre salaries. This led to the departure of several big names to the D. Maria II National Theatre and the total reorganization of the company. De Oliveira moved shortly afterwards to Porto. Death De Oliveira never married nor had any children. She died on 17 April 1909 at her residence, in the parish of Sé in Porto. Her death certificate states that she was 55 years old. She is buried in the Cemetery of Prado do Repouso in that city. The actress had a close relationship with the actor António Pinheiro for ten years, who, according to him, almost went crazy after her death, which occurred at the same time as conflicts that occurred at the Teatro D. Amélia, and the death of his mother on the day of De Oliveira's funeral, the day on which he was also required to perform comedy at the Teatro do Príncipe Real, in Porto.	1.976563
75903625	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorothea%20Fricke%20Whitcraft	Dorothea Fricke Whitcraft	Art Whitcraft was a skilled painter whose geometric abstractions of the desert were early regional examples of abstract expressionism. Her work is included in the collection of the Albuquerque Museum. Legacy and recognition Dorothea Whitcraft passed away on January 26, 1969, at the age of 75, in her home at 817 Rio Grande NW, Albuquerque, Bernalillo County, New Mexico. Her dedication to the arts was posthumously recognized in various ways, including the "Art in Albuquerque, 1880-1941: A Dorothea Whitcraft Memorial" exhibition in May 1969. In February 1970, the Albuquerque Historical Society established the Dorothea Whitcraft Memorial Fund, dedicated to the purchase of arts and crafts books for the Albuquerque Public Library. The Dorothea Whitcraft Memorial Room was dedicated at the New Mexico Art League in October 1970, and the New Mexico Art League Show building was named the Dorothea Whitcraft Gallery. Dorothea Whitcraft's contributions continue to be remembered and celebrated in the artistic landscape of Albuquerque.	2.171875
75903745	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh%20Leggatt	Hugh Leggatt	Sir Hugh Frank John Leggatt (27 February 1925 – 8 March 2014) was a British art dealer and patron. He was the senior partner in the gallery Leggatt Brothers, and art dealer to members of the Royal Family, including Queen Mary, and Queen Elizabeth, The Queen Mother. Leggatt financed the National Portrait Gallery's commission of the first official portrait of The Princess of Wales. Early life Leggatt was born on 27 February 1925 in London, England the son of art dealer Henry Leggatt. He was educated at Eton College before going up to New College, Oxford. From 1943 to 1946, Leggatt served in the Royal Air Force. Career Following his service in the RAF, he joined the family firm Leggatt Brothers, founded in 1820 by one of Leggatt's ancestors. The firm were purveyors of fine art to several members of the Royal Family. At various times they held Royal Warrants of Appointment to King Edward VII, Queen Mary, King George V and Queen Elizabeth, The Queen Mother. In 1988, Leggatt was honoured for his service to the fine arts, being elevated to the knighthood as a Knight Bachelor by Queen Elizabeth II. Leggatt financed the commissioning of a portrait of Queen Elizabeth II for the National Portrait Gallery. The Queen chose Pietro Annigoni to paint the portrait. His painting Her Majesty in the Robes of the Order of the British Empire was considerably less popular than his first painting of the monarch, painted in 1955 for Fishmonger's Hall. The Queen, however, was said to have enjoyed the painting and later purchased one of Annigoni's studies for the painting for her private collection. In 2011, Leggatt donated £100,000 to the Art Fund to cover the National Portrait Gallery's cost of commissioning the first official portrait of The Princess of Wales. The gallery engaged Paul Emsley who's painting Portrait of Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge was unveiled in 2013 to mixed reviews. Personal life	2.09375
75903930	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf%20von%20B%C3%BClow	Rudolf von Bülow	Rudolf Ernst Alfred Arthur von Bülow (1 January 1873 – 1955) was a German diplomat. Early life Bülow was born on 1 January 1873 in Goslar, in Lower Saxony, Germany into the von Bülow family, a part of the Mecklenburg nobility. He was a younger son of Prussian Major general Albert von Bülow and Baroness Marie Friederike Emilie Karoline von Meerheimb. Among his extended family were uncles, Otto von Bülow, a prominent diplomat, and Adolf von Bülow, the General Adjutant and Royal Prussian General of the Cavalry. He studied law at the Ruprecht-Karls University. In 1894 he was commissioned into the Corps Vandalia Heidelberg. Career After completing his studies, he entered the judicial service, but later switched to the diplomatic service. In 1903 he became vice-consul in Cape Town. In 1906 he became head of the Consulate general in Lourenco Marques. In 1906 he was appointed Consul general in Madrid, in 1913 in Alexandria and in 1914 in Kovno. In 1914 he was taken prisoner by Russia on the Eastern Front during World War I. After a prisoner of war exchange in 1915, he was again employed in the Foreign Office. First in 1915 in Department IV (News) and then in 1916 as head of the Arnhem passport office. He became Consul general in Brno and Sofia in 1918, in Schaffhausen in 1919 and in Rio de Janeiro in 1920. From 1922 to 1933, he was German envoy in Asunción. Personal life Bülow died in 1955 in Waren, a town and climatic spa in the state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.	2.140625
75904141	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro%20Nolasco%20Street	Pedro Nolasco Street	The Pedro Nolasco Street (Portuguese: Rua Pedro Nolasco) is located in the Brazilian municipality of Coronel Fabriciano, in the state of Minas Gerais. It begins at the intersection of Rio Piracicaba, Albert Scharlet, Doutor Querubino and Rubem Siqueira Maia streets and ends at São Sebastião Street. It originated in the 1920s when the old Calado Station was built on the site. Some of the buildings located on the street still retain their original architecture. Paved with hexagonal blocks, Pedro Nolasco Street is the main shopping area in the center of Coronel Fabriciano. It concentrates small and medium-sized businesses and branches of large household appliance chains. The urban entrance to the bus terminal, the main stop for municipal public transport and the Station Square, which is the city's largest public leisure space, are also located on the area. History Pedro Nolasco Street was established along with the current center of Coronel Fabriciano, which arose around Calado Station, inaugurated in 1924. The first stores that began the commercial movement were opened in the area, formerly known as Rua de Baixo (English: Lower Street). The first was A Barateza, established by Rotildino Avelino in the 1920s. In 1928, Sobrado dos Pereira (Pereira's House), which was the first masonry building in the city besides the railway terminal, was built on the corner of Coronel Silvino Pereira Street. In the 1940s, Casa Giovannini, a hardware, kerosene and grocery store, opened. Associated with the presence of the railway station, Rua de Baixo became the city's main commercial center.	1.945313
75904549	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Crosskey	William Crosskey	William Winslow Crosskey (June 14, 1894 – January 6, 1968) was an American legal historian who taught at the University of Chicago Law School from 1935 to 1962. He is primarily known for his three-volume series of books entitled Politics and the Constitution in the History of the United States, the first two volumes of which were published in 1953. The third volume was completed posthumously and published in 1980. In these books, Crosskey argued that the intention of the framers of the United States Constitution was to create a federal government with sufficient power to accomplish the goals laid out in the Preamble to the United States Constitution. This is in contrast to the conventional view that the framers intended to create a federal government with strict limitations on its powers. When the first two volumes of this series were published in 1953, they attracted considerable scholarly discussion, much of it harshly critical of Crosskey's arguments. Volume three, however, received far less scholarly attention when it was published in 1980.	1.976563
75904958	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buellia%20subalbula	Buellia subalbula	Buellia subalbula is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Caliciaceae. It occurs in coastal southern Africa, South America, and Australia, where it grows on calcareous rocks. Taxonomy The lichen was first formally described as a new species in 1868 by the Finnish lichenologist William Nylander, based on collections made from coastal Angola. Johannes Müller Argoviensis transferred it to the genus Buellia in 1880. Description Buellia subalbula has a crustose thallus, which is thin to thick and often forms distinct circular patches. These patches can merge, creating a larger spread on the , which is typically rock (). The thallus texture ranges from smooth and continuous in thinner forms to cracked and segmented (-) in thicker ones. The margins of the thallus are bordered by a prothallus, which is noticeably blackened to pale grey, and in some cases, white but less distinct. The surface of the thallus is , usually white or occasionally grey, and has a (frost-like) appearance. It is made of dead cells and calcium oxalate crystals, which contribute to its thick, chalky look. The apothecia (fruiting bodies) of Buellia subalbula are typically but can have a thalline collar. These apothecia are initially in the thallus, eventually becoming more prominent (). They are characterised by their black colour, sometimes with a white pruinose , and a thin, black . As the lichen matures, the disc becomes convex. The , the layer surrounding the , is composed of narrow hyphae with a unique pigmentation that turns bluish-green under certain conditions.	2.65625
75905115	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paula%20Braveman	Paula Braveman	Braveman attributes an interest in improving social justice as a motivation for her research. Her research has examined how racism contributes to disparities in health of women and their children. In an early, influential, 1989 journal article, Braveman established in that newborns with mothers without insured prenatal care were more likely to have adverse health outcomes. In a later, 2011, paper she contributed to defining the term "health equity". Her recent work includes the most read article for 2022 in the journal Health Affairs. Braveman was elected to the National Academy of Medicine in 2002. She has served on the Advisory Council of the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities and committees for other federal agencies. In 2011, she spoke before the U.S. Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor and Pensions on the topic of poverty and health. Selected works Braveman P, Oliva G, Miller MG, Reiter R, Egerter S. Adverse outcomes and lack of health insurance among newborns in an eight-county area of California, 1982 to 1986. N Engl J Med. 1989 Aug 24;321(8):508-13. . PMID 2761588. Braveman PA, Kumanyika S, Fielding J, Laveist T, Borrell LN, Manderscheid R, Troutman A. Health disparities and health equity: the issue is justice. Am J Public Health. 2011 Dec;101 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S149-55. . Epub 2011 May 6. PMID 21551385; PMCID 3222512. Braveman PA, Arkin E, Proctor D, Kauh T, Holm N. Systemic And Structural Racism: Definitions, Examples, Health Damages, And Approaches To Dismantling. Health Aff (Millwood). 2022 Feb;41(2):171-178. . PMID 35130057.	2.296875
75906378	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisabeth%20Kadow	Elisabeth Kadow	Elisabeth Kadow (née Jäger, 19 March 1906 – 11 June 1979) was a German textile artist involved with the Bauhaus movement. Early life and education Elisabeth Kadow was born on 19 March 1906 in Bremerhaven. Her father was an architect. At age 18, Kadow entered the Staatliches Bauhaus in Weimar as an apprentice. She studied under tapestry artist Irma Goecke. Career Due to her achievements during her year of textile technology studies in Berlin and Dortmund, Kadow was hired as a teacher in Dortmund following her graduation. In 1939, she completed her master's apprenticeship with Georg Muche at the Textile Engineering School in Krefeld. In 1940, Elisabeth married textile artist, painter, and graphic artist Gerhard Kadow. She became a teacher at the Higher Technical School of the Textile Industry Escuela (from 1944 known as the Textile Engineering School) in Krefeld, first teaching classes on fashion, and later leading classes on artistic print design. When Georg Muche retired from education in 1958, Elisabeth Kadow took charge of the master class for textile art and elevated its reputation to the international level. Elisabeth Kadow led the school's design department until 1971. When she left the Textile Engineering School in 1971, she dedicated herself to textile design. Kadow designed embroidery, and worked with Gobelin-Manufaktur Nuremberg and weaver Johann Peter Heek to design tapestries. She also worked with weaver Hildegard von Portatius to design and create silk hangings and other similar works. Kadow used diverse textile production techniques to explore motifs of order and disorder within her work. She drew inspiration from a variety of sources, including watercolors, and considered factors such as shading, color combinations, and proportions when designing.	2.59375
75906501	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarah%20Kamya	Sarah Kamya	Sarah Kamya is an African-American school counselor in New York City who started the Little Free Diverse Library project. Early life and education Kamya was raised in "largely white and affluent" Arlington, Massachusetts, "without often being exposed to books with characters who looked like her", according to School Library Journal. She graduated from Arlington High School in 2013. She received degrees from Syracuse University (2017) and New York University. Little Free Diverse Library Kamya launched the Little Free Diverse Library initiative, which seeks to add books written by Black authors or featuring Black characters to Little Free Libraries throughout New York City. She started the project in Massachusetts in 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic and following the murder of George Floyd. After she moved to Manhattan, she added books to the Little Free Library at Freeman Plaza West in July 2020; by September, she had raised $16,000 for the initiative and purchased approximately 1,500 books from Black-owned bookstores. The Little Free Diverse Library project became active in all fifty U.S. states. Kamya has raised thousands of dollars for the project, including $5,000 from Live with Kelly and Ryan, when she was featured as a "helping hero" on the program. NY1 named Kamya a "New Yorker of the Week" in 2020 for her efforts. She also received the Little Free Library's Todd H. Bol Award for Outstanding Achievement in 2021. Personal life Originally from Arlington, Kamya lives in Hudson Square, as of 2020.	2.59375
75907069	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watford%20Tunnels	Watford Tunnels	Material excavated to build the tunnel and cuttings was reused for the nearby embankments. Construction did not proceed smoothly. All digging was done by hand except for some use of explosives in troublesome patches. The majority of the tunnel's route is through chalk but test bores missed a patch of gravel and sand which workers struck while digging. The result was a partial collapse, inundating the tunnel and killing ten workers. A hole dug from the top of the hill to retrieve the bodies was later converted into a ventilation shaft. Watford was the only tunnel on the London and Birmingham where the contractor was able to complete the works without the railway company's direct intervention (in several other cases contractors ran out of money before completing the works) and was relatively simple in comparison to other tunnels on the route such as Primrose Hill Tunnel shortly after leaving London and Kilsby Tunnel, the last major tunnel before Birmingham. Supporting arches, which had not been budgeted or planned for, were required along their lengths to resist the pressure of the surrounding earth but at Watford the surrounding chalk was strong enough that no such arches were needed. Description The original tunnel is long and was built to carry two tracks. It is wide, tall, and lined with red brick. It has ornamental portals at each end in the form of rusticated ashlar arches with decorative voussoirss and a large pediment. It has a ventilation shaft near the centre.	2.6875
75907341	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Virgin%20and%20Child%20with%20Saint%20Anne%20%28cartoon%29	The Virgin and Child with Saint Anne (cartoon)	However, the Virgin Mary reacts protectively towards her son: "The mother, who almost rises from Saint Anne's lap, holds the Child firmly to separate him from the lamb – a sacrificial animal that signifies the Passion." At the same time, says Pietro Novellara, "Saint Anne, who rises a little, seems to want to hold back her daughter, so that she does not separate the Child from the lamb." However, this gesture is discreet: she only holds her daughter back with her fingertips, as she seems to accept her son's future death, and is no longer obliged to invoke Heaven by pointing her index finger at it, as was the case in the Burlington House Cartoon. Lastly, Novellara's testimony suggests a double reading: Anne, who prevents her daughter from holding back Jesus, is not simply Mary's mother, but also represents the Church ("Saint Anne, who stands up a little, seems to want to hold back her daughter, so that she does not separate the child from the lamb. This perhaps represents the Church, which does not wish to prevent the Passion of Christ"). The man was in fact an eminent member of the clergy: a renowned preacher, he had been vicar-general of the Bologna chapter since May 3, 1499, and remained so until May 3, 1501, after which he became prior of the Mantua convent. As a simple believer, he believed that Christ's destiny was the Passion, and as a member of the clergy, he necessarily considered that the Church must prevent Mary from diverting Christ from this destiny. Posterity	2.453125
75907359	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-%E1%B8%A4ayy	Al-Ḥayy	Al-Ḥayy or Ḥayy (Arabic: الحي) is one of the names of God in Islam, meaning "The Living." This name signifies that, in Islam, God is described with perfect life. He possesses a perfect life, making him all-seeing, all-hearing, and all-powerful, without experiencing drowsiness or fatigue. This name also alludes to the idea that all creatures—angels, humans, jinn, and animals—receive life from God in the Islamic worldview. Additionally, God imparts life to the hearts of humans through his speech (the Quran). Al-Hayy is considered one of the greatest names of God, as it is mentioned in the greatest verse in the Quran for Muslims. Muslim children and youth sometimes memorize Ayat Al-Kursi, which is a verse in the Quran containing this name. A hadith (narration) of Muhammad) says he asked one of his companions to identify the greatest verse in the Quran. The companion answered by saying Ayat Al-Kursi, and Muhammad praised him for recognizing the greatest verse in the entire Quran. Ayat Al-Kursi (the Verse of the pulpit) (اللَّهُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ الْحَيُّ الْقَيُّومُ لَا تَأْخُذُهُ سِنَةٌ وَلَا نَوْمٌ لَهُ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ مَنْ ذَا الَّذِي يَشْفَعُ عِنْدَهُ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِهِ يَعْلَمُ مَا بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَمَا خَلْفَهُمْ وَلَا يُحِيطُونَ بِشَيْءٍ مِنْ عِلْمِهِ إِلَّا بِمَا شَاءَ وَسِعَ كُرْسِيُّهُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ وَلاَ يَؤُودُهُ حِفْظُهُمَا وَهُوَ الْعَلِيُّ الْعَظِيمُ)	2.34375
75908086	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elysia%20atroviridis	Elysia atroviridis	Elysia atroviridis is a benthic species of sea slug belonging to the family Plakobranchidae native to the northwest pacific. E. atroviridis slugs live up to three meters deep, and are generally dark green in skin colour with small, black spots all around the body. E. atroviridis is a member of the superorder Sacoglossa, and thus possesses the ability to perform kleptoplasty. E. atroviridis and Elysia marginata are notable for possessing the ability to completely autotomize their bodies and grow them back within 20 days. Kleptoplasty Being a member of the superorder Sacoglossa, E. atroviridis is capable of kleptoplasty, which is the process of taking chloroplasts from digested algae and using them for photosynthesis. Kleptoplasty is performed when the slug eats algae and partially digests it, but keeps the chloroplasts intact, incorporating them into their digestive tract's tissues, which allows the chloroplasts to stay alive and contribute energy to the host via photosynthesis. Autotomy E. atroviridis, along with E. marginata, possess the ability to completely autotomize their bodies, and survive without their heart, kidneys, reproductive organs, etc. The method they use is unknown, but it is theorized the groove on their neck which is at the location where the head detaches plays a role in the autotomy, and the aforementioned kleptoplasty plays a role in keeping the slugs alive without the digestive system, but researchers are still unsure about how they manage to stay alive without their major organs. The bodies never regrew the head, and responded to tactile stimuli, but eventually stopped and grew pale, presumably from losing chloroplasts. Older individuals after autotomy did not feed and died after 10 days.	2.859375
75908909	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipal%20Theatre%20Museum	Municipal Theatre Museum	The Municipal Theatre Museum () is a museum in the historic centre of Lima, Peru. Formerly located on the first floor of the Teatro Segura, it is currently located on Jirón Huancavelica 338, behind the theatre. History The museum, originally installed on the first floor of the Teatro Segura, has a wide collection of gifts and souvenirs donated by artists who performed in Lima, such as the slippers of Cuban dancer Alicia Alonso, Spanish dancer Carmen Amaya and the baton of Arturo Padovani, who directed to the musicians at the inauguration of the Forero Theatre. Also on display are the baton and piano of the artist Rosa Mercedes Ayarza de Morales, the first Peruvian artist to conduct an orchestra. In one space the history of theatre in Peru is explained, from its origins in the viceregal era. Likewise, it has an extensive collection of photographic albums, where there is the photograph of Russian ballerina Anna Pavlova, two photographic albums and records of two complete operas recorded by tenor and an authentic photograph of the composer of the National Anthem of Peru, José Bernardo Alzedo.	2.46875
75909179	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williams%20v.%20Washington	Williams v. Washington	The laws of Alabama provide for an unemployment compensation benefits scheme. Any Alabama resident seeking such benefits must file an application with the Alabama Department of Labor. A department examiner will make a determination with respect to each applicant's claim, either specifying how much the claimant is entitled to receive, or explaining why the claimant's application was denied. The claimant may appeal their determination to an appeals tribunal, which is composed of employees of the Department of Labor who are charged with adjudicating disputed claims. In addition to the appeals tribunals, the department has created a board of appeals which may delegate—either to itself or to another appeals tribunal—any claim that is pending before an appeals tribunal. In either case, the appellate body must notify the parties in writing of its findings of fact, its decision, and the reasons for its decision. This statutory scheme includes the requirement that, prior to having their claims heard in a court of law, applicants must exhaust all administrative remedies provided by law. Lower court history Petitioners, including Nancy Williams, are Alabama unemployment compensation benefits claimants. Despite the statutory requirements that parties be notified promptly regarding the dispositions of their claims, the Department of Labor often took months in making its initial determinations regarding benefits eligibility, with some petitioners never receiving any determination regarding their claims. Some petitioners' benefits were stopped with little or no prior notice. Some petitioners failed to have hearings scheduled where they could dispute the Department's determinations.	2.125
75909474	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%8Ddai-ji%20Hachiman	Tōdai-ji Hachiman	The chronicle also described disputes and repeated requests by the monks towards the Kamakura shogunate for approval of an image of Hachiman to decorate the hall. There was a push towards the acquisition of a painting of Hachiman, attributed to Kūkai, in the collection of Emperor Toba, formerly owned by Jingo-ji, augmented a claimed vision by the Tōdai-ji monks that they witnessed a homeless red-robed Hachiman at the Great South Gate (Nandaimon) of the temple. It was seen that the ownership of the image is considered a preciously kept secret, given the aggressiveness of the attempted acquisition by the monastery, as well as the fact that an image from Ninna-ji, was secretly copied from the Jingo-ji painting. In the end, the attempted ownership of the painting failed, so Tōdai-ji opted for the carving of a new image by Kaikei. The Sculpture Kaikei's sculpture differs from an older Heian period image that is currently held by Yakushi-ji (also classified as a National Treasure). Whereas the Yakushi-ji Hachiman is a triad image, accompanied by a sculpture of Nakatsuhime and Empress Jingū (as Hachiman is the deification of Emperor Ōjin), Kaikei's sculpture is a solitary image of Hachiman as a monk. Kaikei's Hachiman relies on realism and polychromy, the deity is seen legs crossed, left hand on the lap, right hand held at chest level, staff in hand. He wears a grey undergarment, ochre robe, and is painted with a tōyama pattern, wisps of reds (shades of lacquer and cinnabar), greens and blues. Unlike the Tō-ji Hachiman, whose chest is exposed, Kaikei was focused on making his Hachiman as realistic as possible, with the resemblance to an actual monk. Reduced emphasis on bone structure, wrinkles are to emphasize the statue's status as a god, though the polychromy is utilized to accentuate on its human features. The statue sits on a lotus pedestal and is framed with a gold halo, to designate his divinity.	1.953125
75910674	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tricharia%20nigriuncinata	Tricharia nigriuncinata	Tricharia nigriuncinata is a species of foliicolous (leaf-dwelling) lichen in the family Gomphillaceae. It is found in East Africa. Taxonomy The lichen was formally described as new to science in 2011 by the lichenologists Kumelachew Yeshitela, Eberhard Fischer, Dorothee Killmann, and Emmanuël Sérusiaux. The type specimen was collected by the first author from Budongo Forest at an elevation of , where it was found growing on the leaves of Argomuellera macrophylla. The species name nigriuncinata alludes to the distinctive hooked structures found on the of this species. Description Tricharia nigriuncinata is a leaf-dwelling () lichen that forms a continuous, smooth, and thin thallus that is greyish-green in colour and spans up to 5 mm in width. The lichen is characterised by its abundance of sterile setae, which are black, , and can be or adorned with 1 to 6 horizontal or downward-bending hooks near the middle. These setae can reach lengths of up to 1.5 mm and are about 0.04 mm thick at their base. The of this species is , comprising spherical green algal cells that measure 5 to 8 μm in diameter. In terms of reproductive structures, apothecia (fruiting bodies) are typically absent but can occasionally be abundant. When present, these apothecia are sessile and round, measuring 0.1 to 0.2 mm in diameter and approximately 75 μm in height. The of the apothecia is light orange to almost translucent and opaque, lying flat without any . The margin is thin and either non-prominent or slightly so, smooth, and pale brown, usually darker than the disc.	2.21875
75910953	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20accidents%20and%20incidents%20involving%20the%20McDonnell%20Douglas%20DC-10	List of accidents and incidents involving the McDonnell Douglas DC-10	20: The DC-10’s 10th deadliest crash happened on December 21, 1999 when Cubana de Aviación Flight 1216 overran the runway at La Aurora International Airport, Guatemala City. 36 passengers and five crew members on board were killed as well as seven people on the ground. Flight 1216 was a special charter transporting Guatemalan students home from universities in Cuba. The aircraft took off from José Martí International Airport in Cuba with 286 passengers and 18 crew on board. After a two-hour flight the aircraft was cleared to land on Runway 19 at La Aurora International Airport. On landing the pilots were unable to stop the aircraft and it ran off the end of the runway and down a slope, crashing into ten houses. The accident killed 48 people in all: 35 passengers and five crew members on board the aircraft, and seven occupants of the houses.There were 250 passengers and 13 crew who survived; however 37 passengers and crew and another 11 people on the ground were injured in the accident. The aircraft was damaged beyond repair and written off.	1.921875
75911015	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyphanthera%20albicans	Cyphanthera albicans	Cyphanthera albicans, commonly known as grey ray flower, is a species of flowering plant in the family Solanaceae and is endemic to south-eastern continental Australia. It is an upright shrub with grey foliage and cream, white or pale yellow flowers. Description Cyphanthera albicans is an upright shrub to high, greyish, branches covered densely in short, matted hairs or soft, short hairs. Older leaves are oval to elliptic or more or less egg-shaped, long, wide, lamina covered densely in short matted hairs, younger leaves up to long and wide. The corolla is cream or light yellow with purple markings, long, smooth or with soft hairs, lobes oval to squared to nearly linear and long. Flowering occurs from spring to early summer and the fruit a capsule long. Taxonomy and naming This species was described in 1853 by Allan Cunningham who gave it the name Anthocercis albicans. In 1853 John Miers transferred the species to Cyphanthera as C. albicans in The Annals and Magazine of Natural History. The specific epithet (albicans) means "becoming white" or "whitish". In 1981, Laurie Haegi described three subspecies of C. albicans in the journal Telopea and the names are accepted by the Australian Plant Census: Cyphanthera albicans (A.Cunn.) Miers subsp. albicans has white to creamy-white flowers long, leaves mostly long and hairs long on the branches. Cyphanthera albicans subsp. notabilis Haegi has white to creamy-white flowers long, leaves mostly long and wide, and woolly hairs long on the branches. Cyphanthera albicans subsp. tomentosa (Benth.) Haegi (previously known as Anthocercis albicans var. tomentosa) has yellow or pale yellow flowers long, leaves mostly long and hairs less than long on the branches.	2.421875
75911018	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No%C3%ABl%20Le%20Mire	Noël Le Mire	Noël Le Mire (20 November 1724, Rouen - 21 March 1801, Paris) was a French designer, engraver and etcher. Biography He was the eldest of thirteen children born to Noël Le Mire, a bargeman and timber merchant, and his wife Anne-Marguerite née Mancel. His younger brother, Jean (1725-1791), became a Knight in the Order of Saint Louis for his participation in the defense of Québec during the Revolutionary War. From 1740, he studied at the new free drawing school, directed by Jean-Baptiste Descamps. He was awarded several prizes before moving to Paris, sometime between 1745 and 1750, where he was employed in the workshop of Jacques-Philippe Le Bas. In a letter to the Swedish engraver, Jean Eric Rehn (1751), Le Bas described Le Mire as one of his best employees. He was especially adept at creating vignettes. Notable examples include special editions of the Fables of Jean de La Fontaine (based on the drawings of Jean-Baptiste Oudry), and the Metamorphoses of Ovid. He also illustrated works by Boccaccio, Corneille, Racine, Voltaire and Rousseau. His small engraved portraits of royalty were very popular. These included Henry IV, Frederick the Great, Joseph II and Louis XV. Other notable engravings featured mythological scenes (Jupiter and Danaë), historical scenes (the death of Lucretia), and landscapes (Mount Vesuvius). One of his large engravings, The Partition of Poland, or the Cake of the Kings, was barely completed when it was ordered to be destroyed. Antoine de Sartine, Lieutenant-General of the Paris Police, who was an admirer of Le Mire's work, granted him twenty-four hours to do so. He took advantage of that time to print as many copies as he could. One of the surviving proofs may be seen at the municipal library in Rouen. He was an associate member of the academies of Rouen (1769), Vienna (1768) and Lille (1783) His younger brother, , was his student, as were Jean-Pierre Houël and . It is unknown if any children came from his marriage to Barbe Desmoulins.	2.53125
75911189	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand%20Comparet	Bertrand Comparet	Bertrand Lewis Comparet (c1900-1983) was an influential figure in the development of the Christian Identity movement. Early life Bertrand Comparet was born in San Diego. Early in life, he was involved in debate. While in high school in 1919, he won the silver medal in the championship of the Southern California Debating League. After high school, he attended Stanford, where he was also a member of the debate team. After being educated at Stanford, he became a lawyer. He acted as deputy district attorney of San Diego county from 1926 to 1932 and as deputy city attorney of San Diego from 1942 to 1947. Christian Identity Comparet joined with Wesley Swift to form the Anglo Saxons Christian Congregation. Swift served as president, with Comparet as vice president. The congregation began meeting in 1945, but was not incorporated until 1948. That same year, Comparet also incorporated "Dr. Wesley Swift's Ministry, Inc." of which he and Swift were directors. Comparet served as lawyer for several Christian Identity organizations, including the Christian Defense League. He was also involved with the Christian Nationalist Crusade. In the 1954 election, Comparet provided legal representation to the Christian Nationalist Party to conduct a write-in campaign for Douglas MacArthur for president and Senator Jack B. Tenney for vice-president, with the hope that the Republican and Democrat candidates would be so close, neither would have a majority, leading to a vote in the House of Representatives, which could then elect MacArthur. When Marcellus Baxter was tried for selling academic degrees, Comparet represented him, with the defense that the degree was not being sold but rather conferred. The course and instruction was sold, and that completion of the course was on the honor system. Ultimately, Baxter pleaded guilty and received two years probation. Following the 1964 arrest of Christian Defense League member William H. Garland for weapons charges, Comparet handled his legal defense.	2.078125
75911964	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elihu%20Yale%20%28captain%29	Elihu Yale (captain)	Initially a blacksmith, he became wealthy from his ventures. He was among the first manufacturers in Connecticut at the time, being a pioneer in the manufacturing of bayonets and scythes. Bayonets were used as ancillary weapons at war while scythes were used by farmers for mowing grass and harvesting crops. He also became one of the largest landholders in Wallingford. For his role in the war, he is recognized as a Patriot of the Revolution by the Daughters of the American Revolution. His son Ira Yale would follow in his footsteps and become a pewter manufacturer. He was the pewter master of Lemuel Johnson Curtis and William Elton. They acquired his enterprise in 1835 and started the firm Curtis & Hall, German silver and Britannia Ware manufacturers. Manufacturer Ashbil Griswold would also acquire land in the Northern part of Meriden, Connecticut from Ira Yale to start his pewter and block tin business. Ira Yale's third cousins were Union Army major general William Tecumseh Sherman, Judge Charles Taylor Sherman, United States Senator and United States Secretary of State John Sherman, Warden Thomas Mott Osborne, and United States Attorney General T. McKeen Chidsey. Capt. Yale's brother was also a blacksmith. The brothers were the uncles of Eliza Yale, grandmother of philanthropist Laura A. Wood who married the son of Connecticut Lieutenant Governor Julius Catlin, and of fur merchant James Murray Yale, who had his name given to Yaletown in Downtown Vancouver. They were also the granduncles of Boston sailmaker Rufus M. Yale. Another of Capt. Yale's brother, Nathaniel Yale, became the great-grandfather of Judge George Edwin Lawrence, partner of Lt. Col. and Congressman Charles Herbert Joyce. He was the father of Vermont state attorney Robert A. Lawrence, who married the granddaughter of Senator Augustus P. Hunton. Personal life	2.6875
75912260	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olivia%20Olson%20%28basketball%29	Olivia Olson (basketball)	Olivia Olson (born November 2, 2005) is an American college basketball player for the Michigan Wolverines of the Big Ten Conference. She was a five-star basketball recruit and one of the top players in the 2024 class. She has competed in basketball for Team USA at the 2021 FIBA Under-16 Women's Americas Championship and the Nike Hoop Summit. She is a 2024 McDonald's All-American. In 2023, she won Minnesota State High School League (MSHSL) state championships as a senior goalkeeper in soccer and as a junior guard in basketball for Benilde-St. Margaret's. She helped Benilde defend their basketball title in 2024. She earned Minnesota Miss Basketball and Minnesota Gatorade Player of the Year recognition. High school career Olson has trained with her father Chris from a young age; practicing her ball-handling skills. She began playing varsity basketball in eighth grade. As an eighth grader for Benilde-St. Margaret's, she tallied 40 points against a talented DeLaSalle High School team. She also played varsity soccer as an eighth grader, but sat out her junior season before returning as a senior goalkeeper. By January 2021, the freshman had 17 athletic scholarship offers and was the number 9 prospect in the national class of 2024. She averaged 23 points as a freshman. Late in her sophomore season, she was the number 3 ESPN-ranked prospect of the national class of 2024 with over 40 college scholarship offers. She averaged 22.8 points as a sophomore.	1.953125
75912578	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monte%20Bernorio	Monte Bernorio	The first archaeological excavations were carried out in 1890, commissioned by Claudio López Bru, the second Marquis of Comillas. Throughout the various archaeological campaigns carried out, a good number of constructions and utensils have been located that testify to the events that took place there, which range from the Bronze Age to the Middle Ages, The latest research works have been funded by public entities, mainly the Diputación de Palencia, and entities such as the Universidad Complutense de Madrid, the University of Frankfurt and the University of Oxford. According to these investigations, the mountain has been occupied uninterruptedly since the to the , although there are indications of occupation during the Chalcolithic period and the Bronze Age (3000–2000 BCE ). During the 2006 survey, ceramics, weaponry and ornaments from the Iron Age were found, as well as the skeletal remains of a baby. The perimeter of the mountain was surrounded by a wall, some of the remains of which have been found, as well as an inner wall that protected the acropolis. In the 2007 campaign, the first stone and adobe walls of the houses appeared, as well as personal belongings, weapons and remains of fauna. The remains of another baby were also found. The site is completed with the remains of a Roman camp of more than 18 ha (the largest found in the Iberian Peninsula) located 2 km away, on the top of Castillejo (Pomar de Valdivia), from which two legions predictably undertook the siege. Numerous remains of military equipment have been found inside: arrowheads, caligae tacks, tent pole studs, a pilum, bronze remains of legionary equipment and some coins.	2.84375
75912769	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ficus%20vallis-choudae	Ficus vallis-choudae	Ficus vallis-choudae is a shrub or small to medium sized tree within the family Moraceae, in the genus Ficus and sub-genus, Sycomorus. Description The species can grow up to 20 m in height, with a spreading crown, bark is pale brown to greyish in color, it has a fibrous slash exuding milky white latex; the branches tend to be pale brownish in color when mature and velvety when young. Leaves are broadly ovate in outline with a dentate margin, reaches 30 cm long and 24 cm wide with petioles present, both upper and lower surface of the leaves are smooth and glabrous. Single figs borne on leaf axils that sometimes reach up to 3 cm in diameter and are shortly pubescent. Ecology In the forests of Uganda, black crested mangabeys and chimpanzees have been observed to eat the figs of the species. In Ivory Coast, bat species, Epomops buettikoferi and Micropteropus pusillus have been observed to also feed on the figs of Ficus vallis-choudae. Distribution and habitat Occurs in West Africa from Guinea westwards to Sudan and southwards to Mozambique. Commonly found in swampy and gallery forest regions and woodlands, also can be spotted in grasslands. Uses In parts of East Africa, the wood is used as material for furniture making and as a source of charcoal. Among the Biafada people, leaves are cooked and eaten as part of a vegetable sauce. Leaf and stem extracts are also used as part of a decoction to treat jaundice and gastro-intentinal conditions. Figs are edible and eaten in parts of Cameroon.	2.53125
75912830	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Henry%20Hirst	John Henry Hirst	At Christ Church, Clifton Down, Bristol, on 29 April 1856 Hirst married Harriet Jane Wyld, daughter of William Hopton Wyld of Clifton, Bristol. The officiating priest was Rev. W. Battersby, Hirst's uncle. Hirst was then living at Brighton Park, Clifton. The Building News noted their large family; they had ten children, the first and last of whom died in infancy. They were Edward Battersby, architect Henry Cecil Montague F.R.I.B.A, Ethel Maude, Mildred Venables, Leila Mary, Bertram Fawcett, Reginald Arthur, Florence Charlesworth, Harriet Winifred, and Edith Carter. Hirst and his wife employed a governess for their children. By 1861 Hirst and his wife were living at 1 Brighton Park, Clifton, Bristol, with their first child Edward B. Hirst, a relative, and two servants. In 1871 the family was living at Avonhirst, Westbury on Trym with six of their children and two servants. Hirst had designed the house with a lodge for their gardener. The family was still at Avonhirst in 1881, where the census finds Hirst with his wife, six of their children, two visitors and three servants. Career Hirst kept an office in Harrogate. Although he retained the Harrogate office to deal with work for his client George Dawson, he was based in or near Bristol for most of his working life. He was elected Associate of the Institution of British Architects (ARIBA) on 23 January 1854, and Fellow (FRIBA) on 4 March 1861. He was documented as an architect and surveyor between 1851 and 1881, although he was still working on new projects in 1882. He was the first surveyor to the West of England Building Society. He designed buildings in the Neoclassical style, but would sometimes produce Gothic Revival designs. The Building News described Hirst as a "well-known and widely-esteemed architect", and a "straightforward, genuine Yorkshireman" who was "deservedly popular with all classes". For a while, Hirst designed works in the Bristol Byzantine style in Bristol in partnership with William Bruce Gingell, and also with Thomas Royse Lysaght.	2.21875
75912830	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Henry%20Hirst	John Henry Hirst	This is a Grade II listed building. George Dawson had begun building Cambridge Crescent to Hirst's design by 1867, and by 1873 it was almost finished. Malcolm Neesam described the building, along with Prospect Crescent, as a "magnificent structure". This is a building with a convex, bayed frontage, built sideways on a hill, so that the units are stepped downhill. Like Prospect Crescent, it has cellars, dormers, and three storeys, with attic windows, a parapet and a cornice. The frontage is ashlar gritstone with dressings in red brick and "coarse florid detailing", sash windows and balconies with ironwork. The mansard roof is gabled, but a central unit, number four, has a dormer with pediment and entablature, with pilasters on each side. The ground floor contains commercial premises. The National Westminster Bank premises at numbers 4 and 6 have a Flemish Renaissance frontage, with cornices, columns and capitals, carved figures and a coat of arms. The building is home to the Stray Ferret. Grosvenor Buildings, Harrogate, 1874–1875 This is a Grade II listed building, comprising numbers 14–24 on the south side of Crescent Road, Harrogate. It is a terrace of shops with a curved end, having nine bays along the side, and six bays around the curved end. Like other designs by Hirst for Harrogate, it is fronted in gritstone ashlar and has a slate roof. This one has draped urns along the top of the cornice. There are rusticated pilasters which reach up from between the shops to the first floor. Above that are arched sash windows. Below each of the first- and second-floor windows are blind, balustraded balconies. Above the ground-floor and first-floor windows, Hirst designed segmented, shallow arches with keystones. Prospect Crescent, Harrogate, 1873–1880 This is a Grade II listed building. Harrogate historian Malcolm Neesam describes Prospect Crescent as follows, while deploring the modern changes wrought on the building:	2.078125
75912863	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Tangier%20%281662%29	Battle of Tangier (1662)	The Battle of Tangier in 1662 was the first major engagement between the Moroccans, led by Khadir Ghaïlan, and the English garrison, led by Nathaniel Fines. The Moroccans routed the English force. Background After the English arrival in January 1662, the Moroccan warlord, Khadir Ghaïlan, disapproved of the English occupation and considered Tangier as part of his territory; however, he didn't have enough army to oust the English, but he did send out small ambushes and raids. On March 24, Ghailan and the Earl of Peterborough concluded a truce, giving 50 barrels of powder to the Moroccans. However, Ghailan later discovered that the English used the truce to expand their colony, taking the lands nearby and building forts on them. Ghailand considered this a violation of the truce and protested to the English; however, seeing no response, he decided to confront them. Battle On April 1662, Ghailand arrived in Tangier with an army of 5,000 troops, where he tried to force the garrison to leave the fort for a battle. On May 3, an English force of 500 men led by Major Nathaniel Fines left the fort with the goal of driving out the Moroccans from the city. The English made a successful sortie that pushed back the Moroccans and put them en route; however, the English pursued the enemy far from the fort and were ambushed in the Jews River, west of the fort. The English were surrounded by three sides, suffered heavy losses, and had to fight their way back to Tangier. Around one-third of the English force made it out alive to the fort, and their commander, Nathaniel Fines, was killed in the battle. The English did not know the Moroccan forces or their position.	2.671875
75913464	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceferino%20de%20Leon	Ceferino de Leon	Ceferino Santiago de Leon (August 29, 1859 - ?) was a Filipino politician . Biography Ceferino de Leon was born on August 29, 1859, in San Miguel de Mayumo, Bulacan. He attended the University of Santo Tomas and completed a law degree at the Universidad Central de Madrid. According to historian Ambeth Ocampo, De Leon, while in Spain, unsuccessfully sought courtships with Leonor Rivera and Leonor Valenzuela, who were then also two of the future Philippine national hero Jose Rizal's love interests, during which he confronted Rizal after finding out that the latter was engaged to both women at the same time. Upon his return to the Philippines, De Leon served as prosecutor (fiscal) of Barotac Viejo, Iloilo, and justice of the peace of his hometown of San Miguel. During the Philippine Revolution, de Leon served as the representative of Benguet to the Malolos Congress and helped draft the Constitution of the First Philippine Republic in 1899. In the 1912 elections, de Leon was elected to the House of Representatives representing the first district of Bulacan. After the death of Senator Francisco Tongio Liongson in office, de Leon was elected in a special election on October 25, 1919, as his successor for the remainder of his term until 1922. De Leon was married to Maria Roura. Their daughter Trinidad, was crowned as the Manila Carnival Queen in 1920 before marrying then-Capiz governor Manuel Roxas, and upon the latter's election as President of the Philippines, was first lady from 1946 to 1948.	2.046875
75913805	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Dobruja	Battle of Dobruja	On September 4, Russian troops approached Rassevat. The Turks did not expect large forces of the Russian army to approach here due to the terrain conditions. While Bagration deployed only the cavalry high against the Turkish camp, the main forces were looking for temporary solutions. The Turks discovered the Russian vanguard and opened artillery fire on him. At the same time, a significant mass of Turkish cavalry moved along the coastal road towards Chernovody to attack the flank of Miloradovich's corps. Advanced Russian troops began to clash with the Turks, which involved the reorganization of the main forces. Miloradovich repelled the attack of the Turkish cavalry and turned into four squares. He stopped 400 fathoms from the Turkish positions and opened artillery fire on them. Bagration sent Denisov's detachment of 6 hundred men to bypass the Turks' left flank to block the road to Silistra. The appearance of Denisov's detachment forced the Turks to hastily retreat; Bagration ordered his cavalry to pursue the Turks. Prince Trubetskoy's square occupied the camp abandoned by the Turks, and the entire cavalry force was sent to pursue the Turks. The defeat of Khyuzrev Pasha was complete, the Russians pursued the fleeing Turks for 20 miles. The vizier sent 15,000 men to aid the Turkish troops, but when the Turks learned of the defeat they turned back.	2.140625
75914394	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alvania%20minuscula	Alvania minuscula	Alvania minuscula is a species of small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc or micromollusc in the family Rissoidae. Description The length of the shell attains 2.1 mm, its diameter 1.2 mm. (Original description) The very minute shell is ovate and pale yellowish brown. It consists of five whorls besides the small, mammillary, apical whorl. The whorls are convex in the middle. Those of the spire are crossed by three revolving cingula and covered by numerous, fine, elevated, longitudinal ribs, most distinct in the grooves between the cingula and on the subsutural area, giving the surface a finely cancellated appearance under the microscope. These ribs do not interrupt the stronger revolving lines. The body whorl is relatively large and has three or four smaller, additional revolving cingula below the periphery, the last of which circumscribes the narrow and shallow umbilical chink. The aperture is round-ovate with a strongly thickened margin, supported by a well-developed marginal rib. Distribution This species occurs in the Atlantic Ocean on the Atlantis Seamount.	2.40625
75914819	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louise%20Westmarland	Louise Westmarland	Louise Westmarland is a British criminologist and Professor of Criminology at Open University, where she is also head of discipline in social policy and criminology. She has researched police conduct since the early 2000s. Her research focuses on police and policing, including gender and policing, homicide investigations, and corruption, integrity and ethics. She is director of the International Centre for Comparative Criminological Research. She earned her PhD at Durham University in 1998 with the thesis An ethnography of gendered policing. According to Google Scholar her work has been cited over 3,000 times in academic literature. In January 2024 Westmarland's comparison of Jo Phoenix to a "racist uncle" was mentioned in the judgment of an employment tribunal case Phoenix brought against her former employer. Selected bibliography Researching crime and justice: tales from the field, Routledge, 2011 Creating citizen-consumers: Changing Publics and changing public services, Sage, 2007 Gender and policing: sex, power and police culture, Willan Publishing, 2001	2.09375
75915086	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1923%20Spanish%20coup%20d%27%C3%A9tat	1923 Spanish coup d'état	In this atmosphere, a conspiratorial nucleus formed by four generals emerged in Madrid, for which it received the name of the Quadrilateral. They were the generals José Cavalcanti, Federico Berenguer, Leopoldo Saro Marín and Antonio Dabán Vallejo. Their objective was to change government policy in Morocco by forming a civilian or military government which, with the support of the king, would appoint an "energetic" general to head the Protectorate. But they did not find much support among their comrades-in-arms who, although hostile to the government, were not willing to engage in a conspiracy to overthrow it. According to Javier Moreno Luzón, around the same time, King Alfonso XIII "caressed the possibility of assuming all the power himself". The plan, which the king explained to several politicians, including the head of Government García Prieto, "consisted of waiting until 11 May, when the Prince of Asturias would turn sixteen —the age for reigning as stipulated in the Constitution— and then calling a plebiscite that would give him special powers to govern without intermediaries. If that option was rejected by the Spaniards, he could abdicate to his son and preserve the throne". But the "plan" would never be carried out, although in June he commented to one of the ministers that he envisioned a military Cabinet, "free of the obstacles that for certain actions weigh on constitutional and parliamentary governments", and two months later to a British diplomat that "he knew how to stage a coup (strike a blow) that would not only surprise the socialists and revolutionaries, but also many other parties".	2.328125
75915467	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuettlingeria%20neotaurica	Kuettlingeria neotaurica	The apothecia (reproductive structures where spores are produced) of Kuettlingeria neotaurica are small, with a maximum diameter of about 0.7 mm, and are in form, meaning they have a flat and a clearly distinguishable margin. These apothecia have an orange-red colour, which turns purple when treated with the C spot test (C+ purple). In grey variants of the apothecia, this reaction may not be observed. The (spores produced in the asci) of Kuettlingeria neotaurica are approximately 14 to 17 μm wide and 75 to 105 μm long. They typically possess septa (dividing walls within the spore) around 4.0 to 7.5 μm wide. Additionally, the species forms pycnidia, which are small, grey reproductive structures that produce conidia (asexual, non-motile spores). These conidia are ellipsoid in shape and measure about 2.5–3.5 to 1.0 by 1.5 μm. Habitat and distribution Kuettlingeria neotaurica predominantly inhabits siliceous rock cliffs, outcrops, and stones located in the proximity of sea coasts. While this species is primarily coastal, it has been occasionally observed inland, specifically in regions like the Peloponnese in Greece and the Rhodope Mountains in Bulgaria. Its geographical distribution encompasses the Mediterranean and the Black Sea coastal areas, with a presence in the Crimean Peninsula. Furthermore, this lichen extends along the Atlantic coast of Europe, including confirmed sightings in Great Britain. A distinct variation of Kuettlingeria neotaurica, characterised by grey apothecia, has been identified exclusively in limited areas. These unique phenotypes have been recorded only in the Crimean Peninsula, Cyprus, and Greece, indicating a more localised distribution for this particular variant within the species' overall range.	2.484375
75915914	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal%20Jade%20cong	Royal Jade cong	Description Royal jade cong is exceptionally massive, with 8.9 centimeters high and 6.5 kilograms in weight. According to museum site it is "the most impressive of all the jade cong of Liangzhu culture". Because of its large weight, it has been dubbed the "king of cong". It was made by first sawing a rectangular block out of a pebble and then drilling a hole from top to bottom, then grinding parts of the block away "to leave what looks like a cylinder with four corners projecting from it". The corners are not quite right angled, so a block that was originally square now has gently bulging sides; this effect cost the crafstsman much labor. The corners have paired-eye designs that resemble faces, which are standard to cong. Uniquely, however, royal jade cong have a more complicated design on the sides, midway between corners (this design has only been found in Tomb 12 and Tomb 22 of Fanshan, which are commonly interpreted as the burials of a ruler of the city and his wife). Repeated twice on each side, this semi-human animal image consists of a trapezoidal human face with a feathered headdress, wide flat nose and circular eyes whose arms turn inward to touch a pair of spectacled eyes belonging to a beast. The beast, with wide nose and mouth with four tusks, seems to be resting its head on its clawed forelegs. Moreover, on each corner of the cong, beginning at the top, we see a pair of small circular eyes with horizontal prongs, then big spectacled eyes, then the circular eyes again, then the spectacled eyes. According to Wang "this link with the full form of design tempts us to interpret other features: the striated bands just above the circular eyes might for instance stand for the feathered headdress". Significance and symbolism	2.5625
75916291	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl%20Heinrich%20von%20der%20Goltz	Karl Heinrich von der Goltz	At the beginning of the German campaign of 1813, Goltz returned to the field at Blücher's request as his Adjutant, taking over management of his headquarters office. During the 1813/14 campaign, Goltz took an active part in the Battles of Lützen, the Katzbach, Leipzig, La Rothière and Laon. He was promoted to Major general and received the Pour le Mérite with Oak Leaves, one of the highest orders of merit in the Kingdom of Prussia, for his efforts in addition to both classes of the Iron Cross in April 1814. After the Fall of Paris, Goltz was appointed commander of the city, remaining there after the Prussian troops withdrew and, after the Treaty of Paris, he was appointed Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary at the French court of King Louis XVIII. As Envoy, he was given the task of looking after the sick members of the Prussian army who remained behind and ensuring the repatriation of prisoners of war. King Louis XVIII recognized his achievements in July 1817 by awarding him the Order of Military Merit. On the occasion of his visit to Paris, King Frederick William III presented him the Order of the Red Eagle, 1st Class on 19 August 1817. He also promoted Goltz to Lieutenant general on 30 March 1818. Personal life In 1807, Goltz married Baroness Julie von Seckendorff, a daughter of Baron Friedrich Carl von Seckendorff-Aberdar, and Countess Eleonore Elisabeth von Brockdorff-Schney. Julie had been a lady-in-waiting to Princess Maria Anna of Hesse-Homburg. Before his death, they were the parents of: Leopoldine von der Goltz (1810–1845), who married Prussian Lt.-Gen. Ferdinand von Kleist, in 1831. Karl Friedrich von der Goltz (1815–1901), adjutant general to Kaiser Wilhelm I who married Countess Mathilde von Lynar in 1860. Robert Heinrich Ludwig von der Goltz (1817–1869), a diplomat and member of the Prussian House of Representatives.	2.65625
75916589	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Sauveur%20de%20Villeloin%20Abbey	Saint-Sauveur de Villeloin Abbey	Pierre Brunet, a Benedictine monk from Villeloin, successively held various positions in the abbey. After spending some time at the , Brunet was received as a novice at Villeloin on February 20, 1588; and, as he was recognized as having solid intellectual qualities, he was given the task of teaching "grammar", which he did for four years. On February 26 of the following year, he was admitted to the Order of St. Benedict. Pierre Brunet celebrated his first mass on August 5, 1590, and his active mind and sound judgment led to him being asked on several occasions to take on difficult missions to defend the rights of the convent, particularly in Paris and Tours. On January 20, 1605, he was appointed to the "office de prevosté" and, a little later, to the "scribe du chapitre", a position he held until 1612. In this capacity, under the Abbot's direction, Pierre Brunet classified and copied the various titles of the convent, which he collected in several carefully bound volumes, a task he had to interrupt due to illness. On March 22, 1613, he was chosen as sacristan, which led him to draw up the terrier (land register) of the property belonging to the sacristy, then to that belonging to the sub-priory, not without clarifying the various rights. Meanwhile, in 1617, his devotion led him to copy the Book of Spiritual Doctrine by Saint Étienne de Muret, founder of the Grandmont order, and the manuscript appears to be the one in the Tours library. The abbots, whom he often accompanied on their travels, successively entrusted him with the care of delicate affairs, or of winning the good graces of the most important figures. These testimonials of confidence were crowned by his appointment in May 1622 to the dignity of Prior, which established him as the monastic director of the convent, with the abbots, commendataires taking particular care of temporal matters.	2.34375
75916669	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habsburg%E2%80%93Ottoman%20war%20of%201551%E2%80%931562	Habsburg–Ottoman war of 1551–1562	Arszlán, Bey of Fehérvár, ordered the peasants of the region to come to Fehérvár with tools, horses and oxen. They were to build the trenches for the siege of Pápa Castle. Nádasdy gave the same order to the peasants around Pápa to reinforce the walls, but his call was ignored. The warriors of the Borderland were alarmed on 22 October 1555. The Turks attacked Pápa on 23 October. At midnight they shouted a terrible battle cry and attacked the gate called Borosgyőri or Szent László. When they heard it, the guards of the gate got scared and fled. Meanwhile, the attackers had pulled down the timbers of the palisade around the gate. Martonfalvy, the scribe, was the first to rush in and grab an infantryman named Péter Borosgyőri by the collar of his coat. He ordered him to fire at the Turks who were pushing through the breach. The Ottomans returned fire and shot through Borosgyőri’s hand. Then Martonfalvy rushed to the Landsknechts gathered in Saint László Street and ordered them to run to defend the gate. By this time, the Turks had even planted their flag on the wall above the gate. The mercenaries heard the scribe's order but didn’t move. It was the son of Bálint Török, the young Ferenc Török, who made them move. The Landsknechts obeyed him and used their long lances. They quickly cleared the area around the palisade. The Ottomans made another attempt on the other side of the palisade, but they were met by the dense rifle fire of the defenders. They left many dead bodies and ladders in the moat, and then retreated. On their way back, the Ottomans destroyed the mansion and 25 houses in the village of Zsemlér.	2.1875
75916669	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habsburg%E2%80%93Ottoman%20war%20of%201551%E2%80%931562	Habsburg–Ottoman war of 1551–1562	Learning from this incident, the king sent 100 infantrymen to Pápa the following year, along with cannons, gunpowder, and bullets. Tools were also provided and all the peasants of three counties (Veszprém, Vas, and Sopron) were ordered to work on the castle. The king must have realized how close Pápa was to Vienna, because from now on he hired a total of 200 Hungarian warriors and 100 hussars to guard the castle. The Ottoman warriors of the Trans-Danubian Sanjak districts went to Szigetvár castle to aid the besiegers with their swords. They left only a few soldiers at home and the Hungarian Borderland warriors of the North Trans-Danubia took advantage of the situation. In the second part of June 1556, the Hungarian Hussars of Pápa Castle defeated the Ottomans at Veszprém. After this success, they joined forces with the garrisons of Devecser and Győr castles and launched an attack around the castle of Fehérvár which certainly was a lot stronger fortification. The siege of Szigetvár The siege of Szigetvár castle began on 11 June 1556. At that time, the castle was under the command of Márk Stancsics Horváth, a faithful man of Tamás Nádasdy. He took over the leadership in February in this perilous outpost that was in the throat of the enemy. During the previous year, the Ottoman Turks had taken Kaposvár, Korotna, and Babócsa castles and it was quite likely that they would turn against Szigetvár.	2.453125
75917120	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm%20Bernhard%20von%20der%20Goltz	Wilhelm Bernhard von der Goltz	Wilhelm Bernhard, Count von der Goltz (6 October 1736 – 6 February 1795) was a German nobleman, Prussian officer and diplomat. Early life Wilhelm Bernhard von der Goltz was born in 1736 in Heinrichsdorf, Neustettin district, into the German nobility, as a member of Heinrichsdorf branch of the von der Goltz family. He was the son of Georg Konrad von der Goltz (1704–1747) and his wife, Charlotte Wilhelmine von Grävenitz (1720–1771). Among his siblings were brothers Karl Franz von der Goltz (1740-1804), a Generalleutnant and Minister of War, and Leopold Heinrich von der Goltz, also a Prussian diplomat. After attending school, von der Goltz joined the Prussian Army. Career In 1756 he became a Major and Wing Adjutant of the infantry. Between 1756 and 1762 he took part in the Seven Years' War and was promoted to Colonel in 1762. In 1762 he first became the Prussian ambassador in St. Petersburg and, as plenipotentiary of King Frederick II, negotiating the Treaty of Saint Petersburg on 5 May 1762. He returned to Prussia in December of that year. As a benefice, he received the position of vice-dominus at the Magdeburg Cathedral in 1763 . He was appointed Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Paris and Versailles in November 1768. He was supposed to do so after the accession of Louis XVI ensure a weakening of Austrian influence at the French court. After Frederick William II ascended to the throne, in 1786, he was raised to the hereditary title of Count in Prussia and promoted to Generalmajor in 1791.	1.921875
75917502	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert%20von%20Pourtal%C3%A8s	Albert von Pourtalès	Albert Alexander, Graf von Pourtalès (10 September 1812 – 18 December 1861), was a Prussian diplomat and leading representative of the Wochenblatt Party. Early life Pourtalès was born on 10 September 1812 in Paris into a family descended from French Huguenots that had first been ennobled under King Frederick II in 1750. He was a son of Count Friedrich von Pourtalès (1779–1861), Privy Councilor and Prussian Master of Ceremonies, and Louise de Castellane-Norante (1793–1881), the daughter of the French Lt.-Col. Michel Ange Boniface, Marquis de Castellane-Norante. His brother, Wilhelm von Pourtalès, was the father of Friedrich von Pourtalès. The family was based in Neuchâtel, which belonged to the Kingdom of Prussia. His grandfather Jacob Ludwig Pourtalès (1722–1811) built up a considerable fortune there as a merchant and landowner. His father, and his father's two brothers, were made Prussian Counts by King Friedrich Wilhelm III in 1814. From 1835 to 1836, Pourtalès travelled around the United States. Career After receiving training, Pourtalès entered the diplomatic service, working in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and at foreign missions. He was a diplomat in London, Naples and Constantinople until 1844. He then worked as a Legation councilor in the ministry in Berlin until 1844. At the beginning of the German revolutions of 1848, he was involved in drawing up escape plans for King Frederick William IV, which were never used, and was involved in the negotiations for the Armistice of Malmö in 1848. From 1850 to 1851, Pourtalès was Envoy to Constantinople during which time he was in close contact with Christian Charles Josias von Bunsen. Like Pourtalès and his father-in-law, von Bethmann-Hollweg, he was one of the leading figures in the liberal-conservative party.	2.0625
75917538	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantheon%20ad%20Lucem	Pantheon ad Lucem	British fashion designer Alexander McQueen was known for his imaginative, sometimes controversial designs, and dramatic fashion shows which were theatrical to the point of verging on performance art. During his nearly twenty-year career, he explored a broad range of ideas and themes, including historicism, romanticism, femininity, sexuality, and death. Although he worked in ready-to-wear – clothing produced for retail sale – his runway showpieces featured a degree of craftsmanship that verged on haute couture. McQueen's personal fixations had a strong influence on his designs and shows. He drew on his love of film from the beginning of his career with his first commercial collection, Taxi Driver (Autumn/Winter 1993), named for the 1976 film by Martin Scorsese. He also had a lifelong fascination with space travel and aliens. Referring to the time- and space-travelling device from the science fiction show Doctor Who, he said: "If the TARDIS did exist, I'd be the first to buy one." His collections were often historicist, referencing and reworking historical narratives and concepts. From 1996 to October 2001, McQueen wasin addition to his responsibilities for his own fashion househead designer at French fashion house Givenchy. In 2000, McQueen sold 51 per cent of his company to the Gucci Group, owned by French conglomerate PPR (now Kering), but retained creative control. During late 2003 and early 2004, McQueen was in tense negotiations with PPR management to replace the departing Tom Ford as creative director at Yves Saint Laurent (YSL), also owned by PPR. The negotiations broke down and McQueen did not take the job, publicly stating he wished to focus on his own label. Concept and creative process Pantheon ad Lucem (Autumn/Winter 2004) is the twenty-fourth collection McQueen designed for his eponymous fashion house. The entire title is often incorrectly translated as meaning "towards the light"; this is the correct translation for the Latin phrase "ad lucem", but neglects to account for the word "pantheon".	2.203125
75917538	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantheon%20ad%20Lucem	Pantheon ad Lucem	McQueen was known for playing with the silhouette by cutting or structuring garments to produce unusual shapes. In Pantheon, he emphasised the hips to a degree that was uncommon for him, but also showed cinched waists and padded jackets. The final items in the collection had highly structured boat necklines in an exaggerated width, coupled with reflective fabric or inset LED lights, giving the wearer an inhuman or alien quality. The conical silver dress in Look 51 bore a resemblance to the Apollo command module. Despite its science fiction roots, Pantheon contained McQueen's typical references to historical clothing styles. The early phase of the collection included references to the 1930s fashion that influenced his previous collection, Deliverance (Spring/Summer 2004), including pussy bows, broadened shoulders, and slightly mismatched collars and hems. Looks 36 and 38, heavily beaded dresses with extreme cutouts, may have been referencing belly dancing outfits. McQueen referenced English medieval clothing in several of the evening wear pieces. Garments with heavily decorated yokes or long sleeves, such as those found in Looks 33 and 46 respectively, pointed back at the Plantagenet period of the Late Middle Ages. Look 47 had similarities to the English medieval kirtle. Look 54 echoed the gaping neckline in a design with elements of Tudor period clothing.	1.992188
75917767	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosque%20of%20Aslam%20al-Silahdar	Mosque of Aslam al-Silahdar	The Mosque of Aslam al-Silahdar is a 14th-century mosque and mausoleum in the Al-Darb al-Ahmar neighbourhood of Cairo, Egypt. History The mosque is part of a funerary complex commissioned by Aslam al-Baha'i, a Mamluk amir (commander or high official) of Kipchak origin during the period of Sultan al-Nasir Muhammad. He started his career as a mamluk under Sultan Qalawun and rose through the ranks over time. Al-Nasir Muhammad appointed him as his armsbearer (al-silahdar) and as a high-ranking commander. Aslam was later accused of treason and imprisoned from 1323 to 1333, then reinstated towards the end of al-Nasir's reign. Under al-Nasir's successors, he rose to a position on the Council of Amirs. Aslam al-Baha'i died in 1346, during the reign of al-Muzaffar Hajji. Aslam's funerary complex is dated to the years 1344–1345 CE (745–746 AH). The building has two foundation inscriptions: one on the northwestern portal and one on its southwestern portal. The southern inscription states that construction began in Jumada I 745 AH (September–October 1344 CE) and finished in Rabi' I 746 AH (July 1345 CE), while the western inscription gives the completion date as Rajab 746 AH (October–November 1345). The four-month difference between the two completion dates could mean that the later date refers to the completion of an annex structure or to the completion of the building's decoration.	2.09375
75917767	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosque%20of%20Aslam%20al-Silahdar	Mosque of Aslam al-Silahdar	On the outside, the building has two main facades: one on the southwest side (the main entrance) and one on the northwest side. Each faces a small public square and each features an entrance portal. Above the doorway of the southwest portal features is an exceptional example of Mamluk decorative design: a rectangular marble panel occupied by a large circular medallion with a floral arabesque motif in red, black, and white. An inscription panel is below this, with letters embellished by floral finishes, and another inscription line follows above it the medallion. The northwest portal has its own inscription panel. This inscription also features a highly refined design in marble: the letters are in a cursive naskh script and are accompanied by a scrolling floral motif in the background. The tops of the letters, instead of being flat, are carved into shapes matching the scrolling motif of the background. Above the roofline, the minaret and the dome of the mausoleum overlook the southwest façade. The dome is made of brick and covered by an external layer of stucco that gives it a ribbed shape. Around the drum of the dome runs a band of glazed tile mosaic in white, blue, green, and black colours. The tiles form an inscription that runs around the drum, featuring the Throne Verse of the Qur'an (2:255). The tile inscription band is a feature also found on the dome of the mausoleum of Tughay, al-Nasir Muhammad's wife, constructed in the Northern Cemetery around the same period. The present-day minaret of the mosque is not from the original construction and is a much later reconstruction. Interior	2.078125
75917981	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Khaliq	Al-Khaliq	Al-Khaliq or Khaliq (Arabic: الخالق) is one of the names of God (Arabic:Allah) in Islam, meaning "The Creator." This name shows that Allah is the one who, from nothing, created everything in existence. Different Meanings of Khalq in Arabic Khalq (arabic: خلق), which is the Arabic root word for the name of God Al-Khaliq, has three different meanings in the Arabic language: 1- Khalq means bringing something from non-existence into existence, which is believed to be an ability that God alone is capable of. For example, in verse 25 of chapter 31 in the Quran, it is asked to the polytheists, who created (made khalq of) the heavens and the earth? Ibn Kathir, a renowned Theologian who died in 1373, commentated on this verse and said that the polytheists, which are the ones addressed by this verse, admit that Allah is the creator of the heavens and the earth and that everything is his creation and under his rule; and yet they refuse to worship Allah alone and still associate partners with him. 2- Khalq can also mean assembling something or scaffolding a material into a certain shape. For example, the Quran mentions the story of Issa (Jesus), who designed (made khalq of) a bird from clay and made it alive with the permission of God. 3- Khalq can also mean making something up or lying. This meaning is not believed to be attributable to God by Muslims. For example, the Quran mentions what the polytheists were saying about Muhammad's message and his creed of monotheism and that all that Muhammad is saying is fabrication (Arabic: ٱخۡتِلَٰقٌ, which comes from the root Khalq).	2.859375

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