Split (1)

train · 1.04M rows

id stringlengths 2 8	url stringlengths 31 381	title stringlengths 1 211	text stringlengths 1.02k 2.05k	edu_quality float64 1.91 4.03
311478	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas%20Oudinot	Nicolas Oudinot	Nicolas Charles Oudinot, duc de Reggio (; 25 April 1767 – 13 September 1847), was a French general of the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars. He is known to have been wounded 34 times in battle, being hit by artillery shells, sabres, and at least twelve bullets over the course of his military career. A M...	2.0625
311482	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandton	Sandton	Sandton is a financial, commercial and residential area, located in the northern part of the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality. Formerly an independent municipality, Sandton's name came from the combination of two of its suburbs, Sandown and Bryanston. History Early settlers Archaeological findings sugg...	2.203125
311482	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandton	Sandton	1960s and 1970s Sandton was established as a separate municipality in 1969 by the office of the Administrator of the Transvaal. It had formerly not formed part of Johannesburg but was managed, in part by its administrators and Pretoria through the North Eastern Peri-Urban Land administration. Initially, it was very muc...	2.21875
311482	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandton	Sandton	Sandton is home to the Sandton Convention Centre, one of the largest convention centres on the continent and primary site of the 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development (also known as "Rio + 10"), which Johannesburg hosted. The convention centre also hosted the African National Congress' victory celebrations after...	1.96875
311486	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hovertank%20One	Hovertank One	Hovertank One, also known under a variety of other names (Hovertank or Hovertank 3D), is a vehicular combat game developed by id Software and published by Softdisk in April 1991. Plot Hovertank One is set during a nuclear war. In Hovertank One, the player controls Brick Sledge, a mercenary hired by an unknown organiza...	2.15625
311487	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catacomb%203-D	Catacomb 3-D	Catacomb 3-D (also known as Catacomb 3-D: A New Dimension, Catacomb 3-D: The Descent, and Catacombs 3) is a first-person shooter video game, the third in the Catacomb series, the first of which to feature 3D computer graphics. It was developed by id Software and originally published by Softdisk under the Gamer's Edge l...	2.1875
311487	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catacomb%203-D	Catacomb 3-D	Production The origin of the games is Catacomb by John Carmack for IBM PC compatibles and Apple II. This was a two-dimensional game using a third-person view from above, released in 1989–1990. It was followed up with Catacomb II, which used the same game engine with new levels. The first release of Catacomb 3-D was cal...	2.375
311501	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphenoid%20bone	Sphenoid bone	The sphenoid bone is an unpaired bone of the neurocranium. It is situated in the middle of the skull towards the front, in front of the basilar part of the occipital bone. The sphenoid bone is one of the seven bones that articulate to form the orbit. Its shape somewhat resembles that of a butterfly, bat or wasp with it...	2.828125
311501	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphenoid%20bone	Sphenoid bone	Body of sphenoid Superior or cerebral surface Articulates with ethmoid bone anteriorly and basilar part of occipital bone posteriorly. It shows: Jugum sphenoidale Sulcus chiasmaticus Tuberculum sellae Sella turcica Dorsum sellae Clivus Inferior surface Rostrum of sphenoid Sphenoidal conchae Vaginal process...	2.171875
311501	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphenoid%20bone	Sphenoid bone	The greater part of the bone is ossified in cartilage. There are fourteen centers in all, six for the presphenoid and eight for the postsphenoid. Presphenoid By about the ninth week of fetal development an ossific center appears for each of the small wings (orbito-sphenoids) just lateral to the optic foramen; this is...	2.578125
311501	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphenoid%20bone	Sphenoid bone	In the first year after birth the great wings and body unite, and the small wings extend inward above the anterior part of the body, and, meeting with each other in the middle line, form an elevated smooth surface, termed the jugum sphenoidale. By the twenty-fifth year the sphenoid and occipital are completely fused. ...	2.78125
311505	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MapQuest	MapQuest	MapQuest (stylized as mapquest) is an American free online web mapping service. It was launched in 1996 as the first commercial web mapping service. MapQuest's competitors include Apple Maps, Here, and Google Maps. History MapQuest's origins date to 1967 with the founding of Cartographic Services, a division of R.R. ...	2.078125
311507	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opodeldoc	Opodeldoc	Opodeldoc is a medical plaster or liniment invented, or at least named, by the German Renaissance physician Paracelsus in the 1500s. In modern form opodeldoc is a mixture of soap in alcohol, to which camphor and sometimes a number of herbal essences, most notably wormwood, are added. Origins In his Bertheonea Sive...	2.21875
311515	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viby%20J	Viby J	Viby J (or just Viby) is a former town and now a district, in the southwestern part of Aarhus in Denmark. The district has almost 30,000 inhabitants. The "J" stands for Jutland, as there is another town called Viby on the island of Zealand, officially referred to as Viby Sj and also a village on Funen. Etymology and o...	2.09375
311517	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius%20lowland%20forest%20day%20gecko	Mauritius lowland forest day gecko	The Mauritius lowland forest day gecko (Phelsuma guimbeaui), also known commonly as Guimbeau's day gecko and the orange-spotted day gecko, is a diurnal species of gecko, a lizard in the family Gekkonidae. The species is native to the western coast of Mauritius and typically inhabits large trees. The Mauritius lowland f...	2.578125
311517	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius%20lowland%20forest%20day%20gecko	Mauritius lowland forest day gecko	Behaviour The Mauritius lowland forest day gecko is rather shy as it is heavily predated by different bird species. Reproduction In P. guimbeaui the pairing season is between March and the first weeks of September. During this period, the females lay up to 6 pairs of eggs. The young will hatch after approximately 60–9...	2.671875
311518	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecash	Ecash	Ecash was conceived by David Chaum as an anonymous cryptographic electronic money or electronic cash system in 1982. It was realized through his corporation Digicash and used as micropayment system at one US bank from 1995 to 1998. Design Chaum published the idea of anonymous electronic money in a 1983 paper; eCash so...	2.390625
311525	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State%20senator	State senator	A state senator is a member of a state's senate in the bicameral legislature of 49 U.S. states, or a member of the unicameral Nebraska Legislature. Description A state senator is a member of an upper house in the bicameral legislatures of 50 U.S. states or a member of the unicameral Nebraska Legislature. History Th...	3.25
311528	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean%20Salmon%20Macrin	Jean Salmon Macrin	Jean Salmon Macrin (1490 – 1557) was a Neo-Latin poet of French nationality. His poetry sold massively well, and was thought of as quite influential during his lifetime; however his fame did not live on, and his poetry was never republished after the 16th century. Life and works Salmon Macrin was born in Loudun in 149...	1.9375
311530	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius%20upland%20forest%20day%20gecko	Mauritius upland forest day gecko	Mauritius upland forest day gecko (Phelsuma rosagularis) is a diurnal species of geckos. It lives in the upland forest of Mauritius and typically inhabits large trees. The Mauritius upland forest day gecko feeds on insects and nectar. Description This lizard belongs to the mid-sized Phelsuma species. Males can reach...	2.46875
311537	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultra%20Games	Ultra Games	Ultra Software Corporation was a shell corporation and publishing label created in 1988 as a subsidiary of Konami of America, in an effort to get around Nintendo of America's strict licensing rules in place at the time for the North American market. One of these rules was that a third-party company could only publish u...	2.234375
311538	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cowlitz%20people	Cowlitz people	The term Cowlitz people covers two culturally and linguistically distinct indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest; the Lower Cowlitz or Cowlitz proper, and the Upper Cowlitz / Cowlitz Klickitat or Taitnapam. Lower Cowlitz refers to a southwestern Coast Salish people, which today are enrolled in the federally recog...	3.0625
311538	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cowlitz%20people	Cowlitz people	Language Comparably with the dispute over who the original Cowlitz people were, there is debate over the original language of the Cowlitz tribes. The commonly called Cowlitz language or Sƛ̕púlmš is placed closer to the Upper Chehalis language, closer than Lower Chehalis itself is placed to Upper Chehalis, and belongs t...	2.625
311538	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cowlitz%20people	Cowlitz people	from a strong system of chiefs to an elective presidential system in the early 20th century; and a constitutional elective Tribal Council system after 1950. Chief How-How (c. 1815), Chief Kiscox (c. 1850), Chief Umtux (c. 1850), Chief Scanewa (c. 1855), Chief Richard Scanewa (c. 1860), and Chief Antoine Stockum [Atwin ...	2.84375
311538	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cowlitz%20people	Cowlitz people	The Cowlitz tribe completed a yearly cycle where they inhabited locations during certain seasons and harvested seasonal crops, in preparation for cold winter months. The season started in spring, when the Cowlitzes left their cedar houses along the river and streams by traveling via canoe and horseback to harvest camas...	3.046875
311538	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cowlitz%20people	Cowlitz people	Today, the Cowlitz continue to practice their culture. History The Cowlitz tribe was historically based along the Cowlitz and Lewis Rivers, as well as having a strong presence at Fort Vancouver. The first white man known to have contacted the Cowlitz was French-Canadian Simon Plamondon of Quebec. Plamondon was hired ...	2.90625
311542	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bram%20Dijkstra	Bram Dijkstra	Bram Dijkstra (born Abraham Dijkstra on 5 July 1938) is an American author, literary critic and former professor of English literature. Dijkstra wrote seven books on various literary and artistic subjects concerning writing. He also curates art exhibitions and writes catalog essays for San Diego art museums. Early lif...	2.578125
311544	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth%20Appel	Kenneth Appel	Kenneth Ira Appel (October 8, 1932 – April 19, 2013) was an American mathematician who in 1976, with colleague Wolfgang Haken at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, solved the four-color theorem, one of the most famous problems in mathematics. They proved that any two-dimensional map, with certain limitatio...	2.09375
311544	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth%20Appel	Kenneth Appel	Now the four-color conjecture has been proved by two University of Illinois mathematicians, Kenneth Appel and Wolfgang Haken. They had an invaluable tool that earlier mathematicians lacked—modern computers. Their present proof rests in part on 1,200 hours of computer calculation during which about ten billion logical d...	2.59375
311545	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cowlitz%20River	Cowlitz River	The Cowlitz River is a river in the state of Washington in the United States, a tributary of the Columbia River. Its tributaries drain a large region including the slopes of Mount Rainier, Mount Adams, and Mount St. Helens. The Cowlitz has a drainage basin, located between the Cascade Range in eastern Lewis County, W...	2.65625
311545	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cowlitz%20River	Cowlitz River	The Mayfield Dam is long and high. An tunnel connects the reservoir to the powerhouse. The dam began producing electricity in 1963. Mayfield Lake offers many recreational opportunities: there are several county and state parks and the lake is below the Mossyrock Dam. The modulated inflow from the Mossyrock Dam allow...	2.65625
311548	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White%20River%20%28Arkansas%E2%80%93Missouri%29	White River (Arkansas–Missouri)	Ozark Power and Water Company In 1910, Congress authorized construction of a hydroelectric dam on the White River by the newly formed Ozark Power and Water Company. Completed in 1913 at a cost of $2.3 million, Powersite Dam near Forsyth, Missouri confined a section of the White River to create Lake Taneycomo. The proj...	2.46875
311557	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paubrasilia	Paubrasilia	Paubrasilia echinata is a species of flowering plant in the legume family, Fabaceae, that is endemic to the Atlantic Forest of Brazil. It is a Brazilian timber tree commonly known as Pernambuco wood or brazilwood (, ; Tupi: ) and is the national tree of Brazil. This plant has a dense, orange-red heartwood that takes a ...	2.71875
311557	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paubrasilia	Paubrasilia	Botanically, several tree species are involved, all in the family Fabaceae (the pulse family). The term "brazilwood" is most often used to refer to the species Paubrasilia echinata, but it is also applied to other species, such as Biancaea sappan and Haematoxylum brasiletto. The tree is also known by other names: such ...	2.734375
311559	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pink%20and%20White%20Terraces	Pink and White Terraces	The Pink and White Terraces ( and ), were natural wonders of New Zealand. They were reportedly the largest silica sinter deposits on Earth. They disappeared in the 1886 eruption of Mount Tarawera and were generally thought to have been destroyed, until evidence emerged in the early twenty-first century of their surviva...	2.734375
311559	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pink%20and%20White%20Terraces	Pink and White Terraces	The White Terraces were the larger formation, covering about and descending over about 50 layers with a drop in elevation of about , and over about . The most northerly White Terrace was fed by the Te Tarata spring at its top. The Pink Terraces descended about over about . The Pink Terraces started at the top wide a...	2.4375
311559	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pink%20and%20White%20Terraces	Pink and White Terraces	Those who made the journey to the terraces were most frequently well-to-do, young male overseas tourists or officers from the British forces in New Zealand. The list of notable tourists included Sir George Grey in 1849, Alfred Duke of Edinburgh in 1869, and Victorian novelist Anthony Trollope in 1874. The appearance ...	2.359375
311559	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pink%20and%20White%20Terraces	Pink and White Terraces	A number of people mapped and commented on the region before the loss of the terraces. No Māori maps are known. The first colonial sketch map of the lake was by Assistant Surveyor-General Percy Smith in 1858. Hochstetter carried out the first topographic and geological survey of the Lake Rotomahana area in 1859, produc...	2.75
311559	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pink%20and%20White%20Terraces	Pink and White Terraces	In March 2016, the GNS team published in the Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research results of returns to the site in 2012 and 2014. In that paper, they retracted their previous claims of rediscovery and concluded that "the majority of both sets of terraces were destroyed". Later in 2016, in December, Bunn and...	2.0625
311560	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinookan%20peoples	Chinookan peoples	Chinookan peoples include several groups of Indigenous people of the Pacific Northwest in the United States who speak the Chinookan languages. Since at least 4000 BCE Chinookan peoples have resided along the upper and Middle Columbia River (Wimahl) ("Great River") from the river's gorge (near the present town of The Da...	3
311560	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinookan%20peoples	Chinookan peoples	The unrecognized Tchinouk Indians of Oregon trace their Chinook ancestry to two Chinook women who married French Canadians traders from the Hudson's Bay Company prior to 1830. The specific Chinook band these women were from or if they were Lower or Upper Chinook could not be determined. These individuals, settled in th...	2.984375
311560	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinookan%20peoples	Chinookan peoples	Practices and lifestyle The Chinookan peoples were relatively settled and occupied traditional tribal geographic areas, where they hunted and fished; salmon was a mainstay of their diet. The women also gathered and processed many nuts, seeds, roots and other foods. They had a society marked by social stratification, co...	3.234375
311560	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinookan%20peoples	Chinookan peoples	Living near the coast of the Pacific Ocean, the Chinook were skilled elk hunters and fishermen. The most popular fish was salmon. Owing partly to their settled living patterns, the Chinook and other coastal tribes had relatively little conflict over land, as they did not migrate through each other's territories and the...	2.96875
311560	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinookan%20peoples	Chinookan peoples	After President George W. Bush was elected, his new political appointees reviewed the Chinook materials. In 2002, in a highly unusual action, they revoked the recognition of the Chinook and of two other tribes also approved by the previous administration. Efforts by Brian Baird, D-Wash. from Washington's 3rd congressi...	2.515625
311569	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speckled%20day%20gecko	Speckled day gecko	The speckled day gecko (Phelsuma guttata) is a diurnal species of geckos. It lives in eastern Madagascar and typically inhabits rainforests and dwells on trees. The speckled day gecko feeds on insects and nectar. Description This lizard belongs to the medium-sized day geckos. It can reach a total length of about 13 cm...	2.703125
311587	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS%20Ramage	USS Ramage	USS Ramage (DDG-61) is an guided missile destroyer of the United States Navy. The ship is named for Vice Admiral Lawson P. Ramage, a notable submarine commander and Medal of Honor recipient in World War II. Ramage was laid down 4 January 1993 at the Ingalls Shipbuilding in Pascagoula, Mississippi, launched 11 Februar...	2.515625
311587	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS%20Ramage	USS Ramage	On 28 October 2013, the destroyers Gravely and Ramage answered a distress call from a vessel carrying immigrants located off the coast of Kalamata, Greece. In February 2014, Ramage was one of two U.S. Navy ships operating in the Black Sea during the Sochi Olympics. In August 2014, Ramage underwent testing and evalu...	1.976563
311591	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stillaguamish%20people	Stillaguamish people	The Stillaguamish people (; ) are a Southern Coast Salish people Indigenous to the Stillaguamish River valley in northwestern Washington State in the United States, near the city of Arlington, Washington. The Stillaguamish speak Northern Lushootseed, a Coast Salish language. Although usage of the language has declined,...	2.546875
311591	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stillaguamish%20people	Stillaguamish people	History The Stillaguamish people and their ancestors have lived in the region for thousands of years. Although the first humans could have arrived in the Pacific Northwest as early as 30,000 years ago, the first permanent human habitation of western Washington began 12,000 to 13,000 years ago after the last glacial max...	3.078125
311591	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stillaguamish%20people	Stillaguamish people	In 2003, the enrolled population of the Stillaguamish Tribe was 237. The Stillaguamish Tribe manages the salmon populations in the Stillaguamish River watershed with the help of Washington Department of Fish & Wildlife. As part of this effort, the Stillaguamish Tribe has a hatchery which releases Chinook and coho salmo...	2.796875
311591	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stillaguamish%20people	Stillaguamish people	The understanding of territory was constantly in flux, as kinship rights between individuals would repeatedly be redefined. Despite this, boundaries were well understood, especially around villages and certain important harvesting sites. Fishing stations and certain important gathering areas close to a village were clo...	3.25
311591	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stillaguamish%20people	Stillaguamish people	Originally, the Quadsack were a separate group from (but very closely-tied with) the Stillaguamish proper. After the first Smallpox epidemic in the 18th century, the Quadsack population was decimated while the upriver Stillaguamish were slightly less affected, and thus, over the coming century, effectively became part ...	3.046875
311591	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stillaguamish%20people	Stillaguamish people	Society was traditionally dominated by the village and the family. There was no formal social organization higher the village until the colonial period, when extended villages and modern tribes arose as powerful leaders consolidated power. One would identify primarily with the village they were from, and beyond that, t...	3.171875
311591	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stillaguamish%20people	Stillaguamish people	The Stillaguamish traditionally both hunted and domesticated animals. Animals were traditionally hunted primarily for food and clothing, as well as trading with other groups. The primary animals hunted were deer, elk, bear, and mountain goat. The area north of up to Pilchuck Creek and Lake Cavanaugh were prime places ...	2.921875
311602	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiryat%20Yam	Kiryat Yam	Kiryat Yam (, lit. Sea Town) is a city in the Haifa Bay district of Israel, north of Haifa. One of a group of Haifa suburbs known as the Krayot, it is located on the Mediterranean coast, between Kiryat Haim and the Tzur Shalom industrial area, east of Kiryat Motzkin. In it had a population of . History The area was...	2.390625
311603	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n%20Serrano%20Su%C3%B1er	Ramón Serrano Suñer	Ramón Serrano Suñer (12 September 1901 – 1 September 2003), was a Spanish politician during the first stages of the Francoist dictatorship, between 1938 and 1942, when he held the posts of President of the FET y de las JONS caucus (1936), and then Interior Minister and Foreign Affairs Minister. A neofalangist originall...	2.0625
311603	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n%20Serrano%20Su%C3%B1er	Ramón Serrano Suñer	Serrano Suñer served as Nationalist Minister of the Interior (1 February 1938 – 9 August 1939). When Franco amalgamated that ministry with the Ministry of Public Order ("Ministerio de Orden Público" in Spanish), a new name was created, the "Ministerio de la Gobernación", but the new name is now usually translated as "M...	2.109375
311603	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n%20Serrano%20Su%C3%B1er	Ramón Serrano Suñer	Involvement in World War II Just one week after Serrano Suñer was promoted to Minister of Foreign Affairs, on 23 October 1940, Franco and Adolf Hitler met at the Hendaye railway station in France, near the Spanish border. There, Serrano Suñer met with Ribbentrop. Paul Schmidt, head interpreter of the German Chancellor,...	2.421875
311608	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Latakia	Battle of Latakia	The Battle of Latakia (; ) was a small but revolutionary naval action of the Yom Kippur War, fought on 7 October 1973 between Israel and Syria. It was the first naval battle in history to see combat between surface-to-surface missile-equipped missile boats and the use of electronic deception. Background At the outset ...	2.390625
311608	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Latakia	Battle of Latakia	The Israeli missile boats were detected by a patrolling Syrian torpedo boat and this detection was reported to the base. But before any reinforcements could be sent, at 22:28 hours the Israelis encountered the Syrian K-123 torpedo boat which was attacked using Gabriel SSMs and sunk by 76 mm gunfire from Mivtach and Han...	1.929688
311613	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDilina	Žilina	Žilina (; ; ; ; names in other languages) is a city in north-western Slovakia, around from the capital Bratislava, close to both the Czech and Polish borders. It is the fourth largest city of Slovakia with a population of approximately 80,000, an important industrial center, the largest city on the Váh river, and t...	2.46875
311613	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDilina	Žilina	The city boomed in the second half of the 19th century as new railway tracks were built: the Kassa Oderberg Railway was finished in 1872 and the railway to Bratislava (Pozsony in Hungarian) in 1883, and new factories started to spring up, such as the drapery factory Slovena (1891) and the Považie chemical works (1892)....	2.59375
311613	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDilina	Žilina	Climate Žilina lies in the north temperate zone and has a continental climate with four distinct seasons. It is characterized by a significant variation between hot summers and cold, snowy winters. The average temperature in July is , in January, . The average annual rainfall is ; most of the rainfall occurs in June an...	2.59375
311613	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDilina	Žilina	Žilina is also the seat of the biggest Slovak construction and transportation engineering company, Vahostav. The chemical industry is represented by Považské chemické závody and Tento, a paper mill company. Siemens Mobility also has an engineering center in Žilina. Main sights The historical center of the city, recon...	2.09375
311613	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDilina	Žilina	Slovak professional road bicycle racer for World Tour team Bora-Hansgrohe, three-time world champion Peter Sagan, was born in Žilina in 1990, and is considered one of cycling's most promising young talents, having earned many prestigious victories in his early twenties. He was the winner of the points classification in...	1.90625
311615	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia%20O%27Keeffe	Georgia O'Keeffe	O'Keeffe and Stieglitz lived together in New York until 1929, when O'Keeffe began spending part of the year in the Southwest, which served as inspiration for her paintings of New Mexico landscapes and images of animal skulls, such as Cow's Skull: Red, White, and Blue (1931) and Summer Days (1936). After Stieglitz's dea...	2.640625
311615	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia%20O%27Keeffe	Georgia O'Keeffe	O'Keeffe was the second of seven children. She attended Town Hall School in Sun Prairie. By age 10, she had decided to become an artist. With her sisters, Ida and Anita, she received art instruction from local watercolorist Sara Mann. O'Keeffe attended high school at Sacred Heart Academy in Madison, Wisconsin, as a boa...	2.75
311615	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia%20O%27Keeffe	Georgia O'Keeffe	From 1905 to 1906, O'Keeffe was enrolled at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago, where she studied with John Vanderpoel and ranked at the top of her class. As a result of contracting typhoid fever, she had to take a year off from her education. In 1907, she attended the Art Students League in New York City, wher...	2.515625
311615	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia%20O%27Keeffe	Georgia O'Keeffe	O'Keeffe came to know the many early American modernists who were part of Stieglitz's circle of artists, including painters Charles Demuth, Arthur Dove, Marsden Hartley, John Marin, and photographers Paul Strand and Edward Steichen. Strand's photography, as well as that of Stieglitz, inspired O'Keeffe's work. Stieglitz...	2.703125
311615	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia%20O%27Keeffe	Georgia O'Keeffe	Also in 1922, journalist Paul Rosenfeld commented "[the] Essence of very womanhood permeates her pictures", citing her use of color and shapes as metaphors for the female body. This same article also describes her paintings in a sexual manner. O'Keeffe, most famous for her depiction of flowers, made about 200 flower pa...	2.5
311615	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia%20O%27Keeffe	Georgia O'Keeffe	New Mexico (1930s–1986) By 1929, she traveled to Santa Fe for the first time, accompanied by her friend Rebecca (Beck) Strand and stayed in Taos with Mabel Dodge Luhan, who provided the women with studios. From her room she had a clear view of the Taos Mountains as well as the morada (meetinghouse) of the Hermanos de ...	2.3125
311615	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia%20O%27Keeffe	Georgia O'Keeffe	In 1945, O'Keeffe bought a second house, an abandoned hacienda in Abiquiú, which she renovated into a home and studio. She moved permanently to New Mexico in 1949, spending time at both Ghost Ranch and the Abiquiú house that she made into her studio. Todd Webb, a photographer she met in the 1940s, moved to New Mexico ...	2.046875
311615	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia%20O%27Keeffe	Georgia O'Keeffe	During the 1940s, O'Keeffe had two one-woman retrospectives, the first at the Art Institute of Chicago (1943). Her second was in 1946, when she was the first woman artist to have a retrospective at the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) in Manhattan. The Whitney Museum began an effort to create the first catalogue of her wor...	1.953125
311615	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia%20O%27Keeffe	Georgia O'Keeffe	In 1938, O'Keeffe received an honorary degree of "Doctor of Fine Arts" from the College of William & Mary. Later, O'Keeffe was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Letters and in 1966 was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Among her awards and honors, O'Keeffe received the M. Carey T...	2.140625
311615	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia%20O%27Keeffe	Georgia O'Keeffe	Owing to the legal delays caused by Stieglitz's first wife and her family, it would take six years before he obtained a divorce. O'Keeffe and Stieglitz were married on December 11, 1924. For the rest of their lives together, their relationship was, "a collusion....a system of deals and trade-offs, tacitly agreed to and...	1.929688
311615	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia%20O%27Keeffe	Georgia O'Keeffe	O'Keeffe was a legend beginning in the 1920s, known as much for her independent spirit and female role model as for her dramatic and innovative works of art. Nancy and Jules Heller said, "The most remarkable thing about O'Keeffe was the audacity and uniqueness of her early work." At that time, even in Europe, there wer...	2.421875
311615	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia%20O%27Keeffe	Georgia O'Keeffe	Women's suffrage and feminism In Equal Under the Sky: Georgia O'Keeffe and Twentieth Century Feminism, Linda M. Grasso documents O'Keeffe's life-long involvement in feminism and women's issues. O'Keeffe came of age as a woman and an artist in the 1910s, at the height of the women's suffrage movement and the intense ar...	3.015625
311616	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoalwater%20Bay%20Indian%20Tribe	Shoalwater Bay Indian Tribe	In 1984, the tribe relinquished its claim to of land given by the US government to an American citizen in 1872. The tribe was given $1,000,000 for the claim. Between 1988 and 1998, the tribe went through a health crisis in which an alarming number of pregnancies, between 25 and 66 percent, were resulting in stillbirt...	2.828125
311616	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoalwater%20Bay%20Indian%20Tribe	Shoalwater Bay Indian Tribe	In 2010, there were "about half a dozen" Indigenous families living on the reservation. As of 2020, the reservation has 32 households living in 41 housing units. Sixty percent of the reservation population is employed, and 80.4 percent have health care coverage. Only 3.6 percent have earned a bachelor's degree or highe...	2.609375
311625	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandinavian%20Monetary%20Union	Scandinavian Monetary Union	The Scandinavian Monetary Union was a monetary union formed by Denmark and Sweden on 5 May 1873, with Norway joining in 1875. It established a common currency unit, the krone/krona, based on the gold standard. It was one of the few tangible results of the Scandinavian political movement of the 19th century. The union ...	2.703125
311625	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandinavian%20Monetary%20Union	Scandinavian Monetary Union	The union provided fixed exchange rates and stability in monetary terms, but the member countries continued to issue their own separate currencies. Although not initially foreseen, the perceived security led to a situation where the formally separate currencies were accepted on a basis of "as good as" the legal tender ...	2.515625
311632	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video%20game%20programmer	Video game programmer	A game programmer is a software engineer, programmer, or computer scientist who primarily develops codebases for video games or related software, such as game development tools. Game programming has many specialized disciplines, all of which fall under the umbrella term of "game programmer". A game programmer should no...	3.03125
311632	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video%20game%20programmer	Video game programmer	A contemporary video game may include advanced physics, artificial intelligence, 3D graphics, digitised sound, an original musical score, complex strategy and may use several input devices (such as mice, keyboards, gamepads and joysticks) and may be playable against other people via the Internet or over a LAN. Each asp...	2.921875
311632	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video%20game%20programmer	Video game programmer	Some games, such as strategy games like Civilization III or role-playing video games such as The Elder Scrolls IV: Oblivion, use AI heavily, while others, such as puzzle games, use it sparingly or not at all. Many game developers have created entire languages that can be used to program their own AI for games via scri...	2.859375
311632	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video%20game%20programmer	Video game programmer	The technology programmer is more likely to be found in larger development studios with specific departments dedicated solely to R&D. Unlike other members of the programming team, the technology programmer usually isn't tied to a specific project or type of development for an extended length of time, and they will typi...	2.21875
311632	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video%20game%20programmer	Video game programmer	The lead programmer is ultimately in charge of all programming for the game. It is their job to make sure the various submodules of the game are being implemented properly and to keep track of development from a programming standpoint. A person in this role usually transitions from other aspects of game programming to ...	2.34375
311632	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video%20game%20programmer	Video game programmer	Third-party developers, the most common type of video game developers, depend upon a steady influx of funds from the video game publisher. If a milestone or deadline is not met (or for a host of other reasons, like the game is cancelled), funds may become short and the developer may be forced to retrench employees or d...	2.5625
311633	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squaxin%20Island%20Tribe	Squaxin Island Tribe	The Squaxin Island Tribe is a federally recognized tribe located in Mason County, Washington. They are descended from several Southern Coast Salish peoples, including the Squaxin, Sahewamish, T'Peeksin, Squiaitl, Stechass, and Nusechatl. Historically, the ancestors of the Squaxin Island Tribe inhabited several inlets ...	2.875
311633	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squaxin%20Island%20Tribe	Squaxin Island Tribe	After decades of trade and intermittent contact, serious white settlement in South Puget Sound began in the 1840s and 50s. In 1853, the Washington Territory was created and included Squaxin lands. In 1854, the newly appointed Territorial Governor Isaac Stevens began to pressure the tribes into treaties ceding their lan...	2.875
311633	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squaxin%20Island%20Tribe	Squaxin Island Tribe	Traditional Squaxin religious beliefs were similar to those of other tribes in the Pacific Northwest, and involved shamanism. For several decades after the Puget Sound War, many Squaxins continued to practice these traditional beliefs. A new religious movement began in 1882 when Squaxin John Slocum founded the Indian S...	2.890625
311633	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squaxin%20Island%20Tribe	Squaxin Island Tribe	Paddle to Squaxin Island 2012 In 2012, the Squaxin Island Tribe was chosen to host the annual Tribal Canoe Journey. The Journeys are annual events organized by the indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest to revive traditional techniques of timber harvesting, making large, ocean-going canoes, and teaching canoe ski...	2.25
311643	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea%20shanty	Sea shanty	A sea shanty, shanty, chantey, or chanty () is a genre of traditional folk song that was once commonly sung as a work song to accompany rhythmical labor aboard large merchant sailing vessels. The term shanty most accurately refers to a specific style of work song belonging to this historical repertoire. However, in rec...	2.8125
311643	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea%20shanty	Sea shanty	The phenomenon of using songs or chants, in some form, to accompany sea labor preceded the emergence of the term "shanty" in the historical record of the mid-19th century. One of the earliest published uses of this term for such a song came in G. E. Clark's Seven Years of a Sailor's Life, 1867. Narrating a voyage in a ...	2.328125
311643	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea%20shanty	Sea shanty	This reference to singing stevedores as "chanty men" connects the genre to a still earlier reference to chanty-man as the foreman of a work gang and the lead singer of their songs. Around the late 1840s, Charles Nordhoff observed work gangs engaged in a type of labor called "cotton-screwing" in Mobile Bay. Characterize...	2.0625
311643	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea%20shanty	Sea shanty	During the 1920s, the phrase came into regular use by lay commentators, though it was not documented in use by sailors themselves, nor has it been used by knowledgeable authors on the subject such as Stan Hugill. The term "sea shanty/chantey" has become a staple of popular usage, where it helps to disambiguate the work...	2.390625
311643	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea%20shanty	Sea shanty	It requires, however, some dexterity and address to manage the handspec to the greatest advantage; and to perform this the sailors must all rise at once upon the windlass, and, fixing their bars therein, give a sudden jerk at the same instant, in which movement they are regulated by a sort of song or howl pronounced by...	2.3125
311643	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea%20shanty	Sea shanty	Early British and Anglo-American sailor work songs A step up in sophistication from the sing-outs was represented by the first widely established sailors' work song of the 19th century, "Cheer'ly Man". Although other work-chants were evidently too variable, non-descript, or incidental to receive titles, "Cheer'ly Man" ...	2.40625
311643	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea%20shanty	Sea shanty	On board a well-disciplined man-of-war, no person except the officers is allowed to speak during the performance of the various evolutions. When a great many men are employed together, a fifer or a fiddler usually plays some of their favourite tunes; and it is quite delightful to see the glee with which Jack will "stam...	2.5625
311643	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea%20shanty	Sea shanty	New ships and new requirements Writers have characterized the origin of shanties (or perhaps a revival in shanties, as William Main Doerflinger theorized) as belonging to an era immediately following the War of 1812 and up to the American Civil War. This was a time when there was relative peace on the seas and shipping...	2.59375
311643	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea%20shanty	Sea shanty	Heyday and decline By the time of the American Civil War, the shanty form was fully developed, after which its repertoire grew and its implementation was widespread and rather standardized. The decade of the 1870s represents the zenith of the genre; those sailors who first went to sea after that decade are considered n...	2.671875

Subsets and Splits

No community queries yet

The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.