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312522 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kond%C5%8D%20Isami | Kondō Isami | was a Japanese swordsman and samurai of the late Edo period. He was the fourth generation master of Tennen Rishin-ryū and was famed for his role as commander of the Shinsengumi.
Background
He was born Miyagawa Katsugorō to a farmer Miyagawa Hisajirō and his wife Miyo in Kami-Ishihara village in Musashi Province (pres... | 2.59375 | 0 |
312527 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parral%2C%20Chihuahua | Parral, Chihuahua | Hidalgo del Parral is a city and seat of the municipality of Hidalgo del Parral in the Mexican state of Chihuahua. It is located in the southern part of the state, from the state capital, the city of Chihuahua, Chihuahua. As of 2015, the city of Hidalgo del Parral had a population of 109,510 inhabitants, while the met... | 2.96875 | 0 |
312527 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parral%2C%20Chihuahua | Parral, Chihuahua | After metals were retrieved beneath the surface, miners, frequently enslaved Indigenous and African men utilized leather bags to bring metals to the surface. Derived from the Nahuatl word, tenatl, a fiber or leather bag, ore carriers were generally referred to as tenateros.Carrying 225–300-pound bags of metallic rock f... | 3.203125 | 0 |
312527 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parral%2C%20Chihuahua | Parral, Chihuahua | Independence
The large area of southern Chihuahua inhabited by the Tarahumara people included the highway between the mining districts of Parral, Cusihuiriachic, and Chihuahua. Asarco managed the La Prieta mine until the boom ended in the early 1930s; the minerals that were extracted were sent to the United States for... | 2.1875 | 0 |
312527 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parral%2C%20Chihuahua | Parral, Chihuahua | El Palacio de Alvarado
It belonged to one of the most prominent families in Parral, descendants of Pedro Alvarado owning the silver mine called “La Palmilla.” This family was rich enough to offer the President Porfirio Díaz to pay the national external debt. The palace was constructed by Federico Amérigo Rouvier and it... | 2.359375 | 0 |
312527 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parral%2C%20Chihuahua | Parral, Chihuahua | Food
In addition to its diverse and rich History, Parral is famous for its traditional foods. Parral was recently named as one of the “Ten Gastronomic Marvels of Mexico,” primarily for its artisan confectioneries dulces de leche. These include a wide variety of candies and pastries from old recipes based on milk, sugar... | 2.296875 | 0 |
312543 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scarlett%20O%27Hara | Scarlett O'Hara | Katie Scarlett O'Hara is a fictional character and the protagonist in Margaret Mitchell's 1936 novel Gone with the Wind and in the 1939 film of the same name, where she is portrayed by Vivien Leigh. She also is the main character in the 1970 musical Scarlett and the 1991 book Scarlett, a sequel to Gone with the Wind th... | 2.109375 | 0 |
312543 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scarlett%20O%27Hara | Scarlett O'Hara | Common character analysis
Scarlett's character portrayed in both the novel and 1939 film is, at face-value, unscrupulous and selfish, but her character development ultimately portrays multiple stigmas throughout that support Mitchell's theme. In a rare interview, Mitchell admitted the theme of the novel was “survival,... | 2.359375 | 0 |
312543 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scarlett%20O%27Hara | Scarlett O'Hara | Scarlett struggled with her status as a woman because of standards of the "Southern Lady" invoked and shown at the beginning of the novel, and displayed throughout Scarlett's peers, embodied in Melanie Wilkes. However, this is clearly challenged by Scarlett because of the dire conditions she is meant to face and endure... | 2.3125 | 0 |
312559 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herat%20Province | Herat Province | Herat (Pashto/Dari: هرات) is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan, located in the western part of the country. Together with Badghis, Farah, and Ghor provinces, it makes up the north-western region of Afghanistan. Its primary city and administrative capital is Herat City. The province of Herat is divided int... | 2.390625 | 0 |
312559 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herat%20Province | Herat Province | During the 19th century, the British arrived from southern Afghanistan as part of the "Great Game" and backed up the Afghans during one Persian siege and one capture of the city, the former in 1838, and the latter in 1856 in order to prevent Persian or Russian influence reaching deeper in South Asia, and also, more imp... | 2.453125 | 0 |
312562 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scarecrow%20%28DC%20Comics%29 | Scarecrow (DC Comics) | The Scarecrow is a supervillain appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. Created by writer Bill Finger and artist Bob Kane, the character first appeared in World's Finest Comics #3 (September 1941), and has become one of the superhero Batman's most enduring enemies belonging to the collective of advers... | 2.328125 | 0 |
312562 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scarecrow%20%28DC%20Comics%29 | Scarecrow (DC Comics) | Scarecrow was revived during the Silver Age of Comic Books by writer Gardner Fox and artist Sheldon Moldoff in Batman #189 (February 1967), which featured the debut of the character's signature fear-inducing hallucinogen or "fear toxin". The character remained relatively unchanged throughout the Bronze Age of Comic Boo... | 2.328125 | 0 |
312562 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scarecrow%20%28DC%20Comics%29 | Scarecrow (DC Comics) | As a college professor, Crane mentors a young Thomas Elliot. The character also has a cameo in Sandman (vol. 2) #5. In stories by Jeph Loeb and Tim Sale, the Scarecrow is depicted as one of the more deranged criminals in Batman's rogues gallery, with a habit of speaking in nursery rhymes. These stories further revise h... | 2.46875 | 0 |
312562 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scarecrow%20%28DC%20Comics%29 | Scarecrow (DC Comics) | In 2011, The New 52 rebooted the DC universe. Scarecrow is a central villain in the Batman family of books and first appeared in the New 52 in Batman: The Dark Knight #4 (February 2012), written by David Finch and Paul Jenkins. His origin story is also altered; in this continuity, his father Gerald Crane used him as a ... | 2.0625 | 0 |
312562 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scarecrow%20%28DC%20Comics%29 | Scarecrow (DC Comics) | The Scarecrow kidnaps Poison Ivy, and works with Bane to create and distribute to various Arkham inmates a new form of Venom infused with the Scarecrow's fear toxin. With the help of Superman and the Flash, Batman defeats the villains. The Scarecrow surfaces again in Batman: The Dark Knight #10, penned by Gregg Hurwitz... | 2.21875 | 0 |
312562 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scarecrow%20%28DC%20Comics%29 | Scarecrow (DC Comics) | As part of "Villains Month", Detective Comics (vol. 2) #23.3 (Sept. 2013) was titled The Scarecrow #1. Scarecrow goes to see Killer Croc, Mr. Freeze, Poison Ivy, and Riddler and informs them of a war at Blackgate Penitentiary is coming and learns where each of the alliances lives. Through his conversations with each, S... | 2 | 0 |
312562 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scarecrow%20%28DC%20Comics%29 | Scarecrow (DC Comics) | The Scarecrow appears in the third and final chapter of Batman & Dracula: Red Rain, in which he has adorned his Scarecrow costume with laces of the severed fingers of the bullies who tormented him in school. He is about to kill a former football player when vampire Batman appears, noting that Scarecrow is worse than hi... | 2.046875 | 0 |
312562 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scarecrow%20%28DC%20Comics%29 | Scarecrow (DC Comics) | In Batman/Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles crossover, the Scarecrow appears mutated into a raven as one of the various other Arkham inmates mutated by Shredder and the Foot Clan to attack Batman and Robin. Batman is captured, but Robin manages to escape. The Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles and Splinter then arrive, where Spli... | 2.125 | 0 |
312565 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meisho | Meisho | originally referred to sites in Japan famous for their associations with specific poetic or literary references. With the development of woodblock printing and newer styles of tourism during the Edo period, the term came to denote a wider range of places of interest.
Literary meisho
Used in conjunction with utamakura... | 2.625 | 0 |
312565 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meisho | Meisho | This episode was later referenced in the Noh play Sumidagawa, in which a woman journeys to the region seeking her kidnapped son. Her boatman does not know the name of the birds, and she reprimands him for not being more cultured and knowing that they are miyakodori. Once the Tokugawa shogunate was established at Edo in... | 2.46875 | 0 |
312566 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea%20Org | Sea Org | The Sea Organization or Sea Org is the senior-most status of staff within the Church of Scientology network of corporations, but is not itself incorporated. In the 1960s and 1970s, the Sea Org was started as L. Ron Hubbard's private navy, and adopted naval uniforms and ranks. Today, all Scientology management organizat... | 2.203125 | 0 |
312566 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea%20Org | Sea Org | It moved to land-based organizations in 1975, though maritime customs persist, with many members wearing naval-style uniforms and addressing both male and female officers as "sir". In 1985, the church purchased a motor vessel, the Freewinds, which docks in Curaçao in the southern Caribbean and is used as a religious r... | 2.53125 | 0 |
312566 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea%20Org | Sea Org | In 1967, the Church of Scientology purchased HMS Royal Scotsman which they renamed the Apollo, which was used as the Sea Org's flagship. In 1975, the church sold the Sea Org's ships and moved the organization to land bases around the world, which as of 2003, were operating in Clearwater, Copenhagen, London, Los Angeles... | 1.984375 | 0 |
312566 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea%20Org | Sea Org | Members who leave the Sea Org are issued a "freeloader's bill", retroactively billing them for any auditing or training they have received. Although the bill is not legally enforceable, these Scientologists may not receive services at any Scientology organization until they pay the bill and perform an amends program.
... | 2.203125 | 0 |
312569 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East%20German%20mark | East German mark | Around 4,500 tonnes of East German coins were melted down at the Rackwitz metal works in 1990. Almost all the paper money (about 100 billion Marks, in 620 million banknotes with a volume of , about 300 boxcars), including all the currency collected at the time of the monetary union and the never-used East German M200 a... | 2.59375 | 0 |
312569 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East%20German%20mark | East German mark | East German military currency
In 1980, East Germany prepared special military banknotes intended to be used in international missions of the National People's Army (NVA), but they were never issued. These military notes consist of the 1955 series (DN B13 – DN B17) handstamped with the coat of arms and—in some cases—ove... | 2.484375 | 0 |
312570 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Helena | Battle of Helena | The Battle of Helena was fought on July 4, 1863, near Helena, Arkansas, during the American Civil War. Union troops captured the city in July 1862, and had been using it as a base of operations. Over 7,500 Confederate troops led by Lieutenant General Theophilus Holmes attempted to capture Helena in hopes of relieving s... | 2.5 | 0 |
312570 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Helena | Battle of Helena | In December 1860, the state of South Carolina seceded from the United States, as a result of several disagreements with the federal government, slavery chief among them. Further Deep South states seceded early in the next year, forming the Confederate States of America. The Civil War began on April 12, when Confederate... | 2.65625 | 0 |
312570 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Helena | Battle of Helena | The Union troops in Helena were commanded by Major General Benjamin Prentiss and consisted of the Thirteenth Division of the Thirteenth Corps. Although Prentiss was in command of the general district around Helena, the garrison itself was operationally commanded by Brigadier General Frederick Salomon, the commander of... | 2.21875 | 0 |
312570 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Helena | Battle of Helena | Late on July 3, Fagan sent a patrol commanded by Colonel William H. Brooks to secure the junction of the two roads leading to Little Rock. To protect Fagan's flank, Brooks' men were sent up the Lower Little Rock Road at around 1:30 am; the detachment opened the battle in the early dawn by clashing with Union pickets. ... | 1.992188 | 0 |
312570 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Helena | Battle of Helena | Aftermath
Holmes lost 1,636 of the 7,646 men he had taken into the battle: 173 killed, 687 wounded, and 776 missing. Prentiss claimed the capture of more than 1,100 Confederate soldiers and stated that over 300 dead Confederates were buried by Union troops. Almost all of the Confederate losses were from the brigades... | 1.914063 | 0 |
312570 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Helena | Battle of Helena | Most of the Confederates withdrew from the area the next morning, falling back to Jacksonport, although Walker's men remained behind to harass any Union troops that sallied forth from the city. Believing that the Confederates were preparing to attack again, Prentiss requested reinforcements, which arrived from Memphis... | 2.3125 | 0 |
312572 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S.%20territorial%20sovereignty | U.S. territorial sovereignty | The United States Department of the Interior is charged with managing federal affairs within U.S. territory. The Interior Department has a wide range of responsibilities (which include the regulation of territorial governments and the basic stewardship for public lands, et al.). The United States Department of the Inte... | 2.6875 | 0 |
312572 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S.%20territorial%20sovereignty | U.S. territorial sovereignty | Federal enclaves, such as domestic military bases and national parks, are administered directly by the federal government. To varying degrees, the federal government exercises concurrent jurisdiction with the states where federal land is part of the territory previously granted to a state.
History of United States te... | 2.765625 | 0 |
312572 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S.%20territorial%20sovereignty | U.S. territorial sovereignty | The United States currently claims 16 insular areas as territories:
American Samoa
Guam
Northern Mariana Islands
Puerto Rico
United States Virgin Islands
Minor Outlying Islands
Bajo Nuevo Bank
Baker Island
Howland Island
Jarvis Island
Johnston Atoll
Kingman Reef
Midway Islands
Navassa Island
Palmyra Atoll
Serranilla Ba... | 2.265625 | 0 |
312572 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S.%20territorial%20sovereignty | U.S. territorial sovereignty | The three Freely Associated States of Federated States of Micronesia, Republic of the Marshall Islands, and the Republic of Palau are not under U.S. sovereignty, but each participates in federal programs under a Compact of Free Association.
Maritime territory of the United States
The government of the United States o... | 2.671875 | 0 |
312572 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S.%20territorial%20sovereignty | U.S. territorial sovereignty | International law
The United States is not restricted from making laws governing its own territory by international law. United States territory can include occupied territory, which is a geographic area that claims sovereignty, but is being forcibly subjugated to the authority of the United States of America. United S... | 2.8125 | 0 |
312572 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S.%20territorial%20sovereignty | U.S. territorial sovereignty | In the 19th century, other bounty land and homestead laws were enacted to dispose of federal land. Several different types of patents existed. These include cash entry, credit, homestead, Indian, military warrants, mineral certificates, private land claims, railroads, state selections, swamps, town sites, and town lots... | 2.875 | 0 |
312582 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Buena%20Vista | Battle of Buena Vista | The Battle of Buena Vista (February 22–23, 1847), known as the Battle of La Angostura in Mexico, and sometimes as Battle of Buena Vista/La Angostura, was a battle of the Mexican–American War. It was fought between U.S. forces, largely volunteers, under General Zachary Taylor, and the much larger Mexican Army under Gene... | 2.640625 | 0 |
312582 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Buena%20Vista | Battle of Buena Vista | In mid-August 1846, General Antonio López de Santa Anna returned from exile and quickly assumed command of the Mexican Army, having tricked Polk into allowing him to return to Mexico, telling him that he could reconcile Mexico to make peace with the U.S. He reached San Luis Potosí on October 8 with a force of 20,000 me... | 2.828125 | 0 |
312582 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Buena%20Vista | Battle of Buena Vista | Recovery of the bodies of the U.S. dead was a phenomenon of this conflict. The most famous from Buena Vista/La Angostura was that of Henry Clay Jr., the third son of American statesman Henry Clay, a vociferous opponent of the Mexican War. His death was the subject of at least seven prints by Currier and Ives, and Neale... | 2.625 | 0 |
312582 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Buena%20Vista | Battle of Buena Vista | Public reaction in the U.S.
News of the battle in the U.S. was not immediate, with communications from Mexico slow because the battle took place in a relatively remote inland area of northern Mexico. There were initial rumors that the Mexicans had carried the day and captured Taylor. Reliable news did not reach New Orl... | 2.625 | 0 |
312582 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Buena%20Vista | Battle of Buena Vista | A great many images of the battle were produced for public consumption in the U.S., the most famous of which is the scene of battle done from a sketch by Taylor's aide-de-camp, Major Eaton. Eaton made notes of the battlefield, recorded the topography, and queried other battle participants. The published battle scene wa... | 2.796875 | 0 |
312583 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yokoi%20Sh%C5%8Dnan | Yokoi Shōnan | (born Yokoi Tokiari; September 22, 1809 – February 15, 1869) was a Bakumatsu and early Meiji period scholar and political reformer in Japan, influential around the fall of the Tokugawa bakufu.
Life and career
Yokoi was a samurai born in Kumamoto, Higo Province (present-day Kumamoto Prefecture), and a distant descenda... | 2.453125 | 0 |
312583 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yokoi%20Sh%C5%8Dnan | Yokoi Shōnan | Yokoi called for a complete reform of the Tokugawa government, including reconciliation between the Shogunate and the Imperial Court. He also called for the complete opening of Japan to foreign trade, economic reform, and establishment of a modern military along western lines. After reading Chinese scholar and reformer... | 2.375 | 0 |
312589 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20E.%20Casey | James E. Casey | James E. Casey (March 29, 1888 – June 6, 1983) was an American businessman, known for being the founder of the American Messenger Company, today known as UPS.
In 1907, 19-year-old James Casey founded the American Messenger Company in Seattle, Washington. He served as president, CEO and chairman. Claude Ryan was his pa... | 2.046875 | 0 |
312593 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Brown%27s%20Body | John Brown's Body | "John Brown's Body" (Roud 771), originally known as "John Brown's Song", is a United States marching song about the abolitionist John Brown. The song was popular in the Union during the American Civil War. The song arose out of the folk hymn tradition of the American camp meeting movement of the late 18th and early 19t... | 2.40625 | 0 |
312593 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Brown%27s%20Body | John Brown's Body | "Say, Brothers, Will You Meet Us", the tune that eventually became associated with "John Brown's Body" and the "Battle Hymn of the Republic", was formed in the American camp meeting circuit of the late 18th century and the 19th century. These meetings were usually held in frontier areas, when people who lacked regular ... | 2.640625 | 0 |
312593 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Brown%27s%20Body | John Brown's Body | Some researchers have maintained that the tune's roots go back to a "Negro folk song", an African-American wedding song from Georgia, or to a British sea shanty that originated as a Swedish drinking song. Anecdotes indicate that versions of "Say, Brothers" were sung as part of African American ring shouts; appearance o... | 2.625 | 0 |
312593 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Brown%27s%20Body | John Brown's Body | Some leaders of the battalion, feeling the words were coarse and irreverent, tried to urge the adoption of more fitting lyrics, but to no avail. The lyrics were soon prepared for publication by members of the battalion, together with publisher C. S. Hall. They selected and polished verses they felt appropriate, and ma... | 2.375 | 0 |
312593 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Brown%27s%20Body | John Brown's Body | Thomas Brigham Bishop
Maine songwriter, musician, band leader, and Union soldier Thomas Brigham Bishop (1835–1905) has also been credited as the originator of the John Brown Song, notably by promoter James MacIntyre in a 1916 book and 1935 interview. (Bishop also claimed to have written "Kitty Wells", "Shoo, Fly Don't ... | 2.484375 | 0 |
312593 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Brown%27s%20Body | John Brown's Body | Creation of other versions
Once "John Brown's Body" became popular as a marching song, more literary versions of the "John Brown" lyrics were created for the "John Brown" tune. For example, William Weston Patton wrote his influential version in October 1861, which was published in the Chicago Tribune, 16 December of t... | 2.546875 | 0 |
312596 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilfred%20Gordon%20Bigelow | Wilfred Gordon Bigelow | Wilfred Gordon "Bill" Bigelow (June 18, 1913 – March 27, 2005) was a Canadian heart surgeon known for his role in developing the artificial pacemaker and the use of hypothermia in open heart surgery.
Born in Brandon, Manitoba, the son of Dr. Wilfred Abram Bigelow, founder of the first private medical clinic in Canada... | 2.609375 | 0 |
312597 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas%20Meyer | Nicholas Meyer | Nicholas Meyer (born December 24, 1945) is an American screenwriter, director and author known for his best-selling novel The Seven-Per-Cent Solution, and for directing the films Time After Time, two of the Star Trek feature films, the 1983 television film The Day After, and the 1999 HBO original film Vendetta.
Meyer ... | 1.992188 | 0 |
312603 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20Hymn%20of%20the%20Republic | Battle Hymn of the Republic | According to Kimball, these sayings became by-words among the soldiers and, in a communal effort—similar in many ways to the spontaneous composition of camp meeting songs described above—were gradually put to the tune of "Say, Brothers":
Some leaders of the battalion, feeling the words were coarse and irreverent, trie... | 2.703125 | 0 |
312603 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20Hymn%20of%20the%20Republic | Battle Hymn of the Republic | Cultural influences
The lyrics of "Battle Hymn of the Republic" appear in Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.'s sermons and speeches, most notably in his speech "How Long, Not Long" from the steps of the Alabama State Capitol building on March 25, 1965, after the successful Selma to Montgomery march, and in his final sermon "I'... | 2.53125 | 0 |
312605 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government%20budget%20balance | Government budget balance | The government budget balance, also referred to as the general government balance, public budget balance, or public fiscal balance, is the difference between government revenues and spending. For a government that uses accrual accounting (rather than cash accounting) the budget balance is calculated using only spendi... | 2.921875 | 0 |
312605 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government%20budget%20balance | Government budget balance | Sectoral balances
The government fiscal balance is one of three major sectoral balances in the national economy, the others being the foreign sector and the private sector. The sum of the surpluses or deficits across these three sectors must be zero by definition. For example, if there is a foreign financial surplus (... | 2.875 | 0 |
312605 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government%20budget%20balance | Government budget balance | The sectoral balances (also called sectoral financial balances) derive from the sectoral analysis framework for macroeconomic analysis of national economies developed by British economist Wynne Godley.
GDP (Gross Domestic Product) is the value of all goods and services produced within a country during one year. GDP me... | 2.4375 | 0 |
312605 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government%20budget%20balance | Government budget balance | The structural deficit is the deficit that remains across the business cycle, because the general level of government spending exceeds prevailing tax levels. The observed total budget deficit is equal to the sum of the structural deficit with the cyclical deficit or surplus.
Some economists have criticized the distinc... | 2.71875 | 0 |
312605 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government%20budget%20balance | Government budget balance | Large long-term loans are risky for the lender, and therefore commanded high interest rates. To reduce their borrowing costs, governments began to issue bonds that were payable to the bearer (rather than the original purchaser) so that the lenders could sell on some or all of the debt to someone else. This innovation... | 2.625 | 0 |
312605 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government%20budget%20balance | Government budget balance | Budgetary variables
Debt-to-GDP ratio is used to characterise the long-run sustainability of government fiscal policy. Countries with very high debt-to-GDP ratio are considered to be more financially vulnerable during recessions, and due to it, their creditors demand higher interest rates on new loans or long-term loa... | 2.375 | 0 |
312605 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government%20budget%20balance | Government budget balance | Run-up to EMU refers to the consolidation measures about the fiscal policy in European countries to qualify to the European monetary union (EMU), which were supposed to control government overspending. However, these criteria concerning maximum debt-to-GDP ratio and budget deficit are not evident to have some changing ... | 2.40625 | 0 |
312605 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government%20budget%20balance | Government budget balance | In terms of entitlement programs, changes to these programs could have significant implications for individuals and families that rely on them for support. For example, raising the retirement age for Social Security could have a disproportionate impact on low-income individuals who are more likely to have physically de... | 2.5625 | 0 |
312619 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20J.%20McCloy | John J. McCloy | John Jay McCloy (March 31, 1895 – March 11, 1989) was an American lawyer, diplomat, banker, and high-ranking bureaucrat. He served as Assistant Secretary of War during World War II under Henry Stimson. In this capacity he dealt with German sabotage and political tensions in the North Africa Campaign. He was both the pr... | 2.296875 | 0 |
312619 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20J.%20McCloy | John J. McCloy | Preserving Rothenburg ob der Tauber
In March 1945, Rothenburg ob der Tauber was defended by German soldiers. Since McCloy knew about the historic importance and beauty of Rothenburg, he ordered US Army General Jacob L. Devers not to use artillery in taking Rothenburg. Battalion commander Frank Burke, a future Medal of... | 2.625 | 0 |
312619 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20J.%20McCloy | John J. McCloy | From 1954 to 1970, he was chairman of the prestigious Council on Foreign Relations in New York, to be succeeded by David Rockefeller, who had worked closely with him at the Chase Bank. McCloy had a long association with the Rockefeller family, going back to his early Harvard days when he taught the young Rockefeller br... | 2.21875 | 0 |
312621 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS%20Harvard%20%281888%29 | USS Harvard (1888) | On 4 July 1898, the 9th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry were guarding the prisoners of war inside Harvard. A guard ordered a prisoner, who was attempting to cross the line, to return. The prisoner did not understand English and the guard fired a shot causing other prisoners to stand up. Fearing the prisoners were abou... | 2.765625 | 0 |
312622 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999%20Seattle%20WTO%20protests | 1999 Seattle WTO protests | The 1999 Seattle WTO protests, sometimes referred to as the Battle of Seattle, were a series of anti-globalization protests surrounding the WTO Ministerial Conference of 1999, where members of the World Trade Organization (WTO) convened at the Washington State Convention and Trade Center in Seattle, Washington on Novem... | 1.953125 | 0 |
312623 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schindler%27s%20Ark | Schindler's Ark | Schindler's Ark is a historical fiction published in 1982 by the Australian novelist Thomas Keneally. It is based on the fictionalized story of the historical figure, Oskar Schindler. The United States edition of the book was titled Schindler's List; it was later reissued in Commonwealth countries under that name as we... | 2.4375 | 0 |
312625 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rouran%20Khaganate | Rouran Khaganate | The Rouran Khaganate (), also known as Ruanruan or Juan-juan () (or variously Jou-jan, Ruruan, Ju-juan, Ruru, Ruirui, Rouru, Rouruan or Tantan), was a tribal confederation and later state founded by a people of Proto-Mongolic Donghu origin. The Rouran supreme rulers used the title of , a popular title borrowed from the... | 2.6875 | 0 |
312625 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rouran%20Khaganate | Rouran Khaganate | An imperial confederation, the Rouran Khaganate was based on the "distant exploitation of agrarian societies", although according to Nikolay Kradin the Rouran had a feudal system, or "nomadic feudalism". The Rouran controlled trade routes, and raided and subjugated oases and outposts such as Gaochang. They are said to ... | 2.734375 | 0 |
312625 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rouran%20Khaganate | Rouran Khaganate | Etymology
Klyastorny reconstructed the ethnonym behind the Chinese transcription 柔然 Róurán (LHC: *ńu-ńan; EMC: *ɲuw-ɲian > LMC: *riw-rian) as *nönör and compares it to Mongolic нөкүр nökür "friend, comrade, companion" (Khalkha нөхөр nöhör). According to Klyashtorny, *nönör denotes "stepnaja vol'nica" "a free, roving ba... | 2.140625 | 0 |
312625 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rouran%20Khaganate | Rouran Khaganate | In 434, the Rouran entered a marriage alliance with Northern Wei. In 443, Northern Wei attacked the Rouran. In 449, the Rouran were defeated in battle by Northern Wei. In 456, Northern Wei attacked the Rouran. In 458, Northern Wei attacked the Rouran.
In 460, the Rouran subjugated the Ashina tribe residing around mode... | 2.375 | 0 |
312625 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rouran%20Khaganate | Rouran Khaganate | The Rourans were involved many times in royal intermarriage (also known as Heqin in China), with the Northern Yan as well as the Northern Wei dynasty and its successors Eastern and Western Wei, which were fighting each other, and each seeking the support of Rouran to defeat the other. Both parties, in turn, took the in... | 2.78125 | 0 |
312625 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rouran%20Khaganate | Rouran Khaganate | Avars
Some scholars claim that the Rouran then fled west across the steppes and became the Avars, though many other scholars contest this claim. New genetic data seem to answer that question, says Walter Pohl, a historian at the University of Vienna. "We have a very clear indication that they must have come from the co... | 2.828125 | 0 |
312625 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rouran%20Khaganate | Rouran Khaganate | The Avars were pursued west by the Gokturks as most-wanted fugitives and accused of unlawfully usurping the imperial title of Khagan and also the prestigious name of the Avars. Contemporary sources indicate the Avars were not native to the Western Steppe but came to the region after a long wandering. Nor were they nati... | 2.71875 | 0 |
312626 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Anarchist%20Cookbook | The Anarchist Cookbook | Content
Powell begins the content of his book by discussing anarchy and anarchist theory. Anarchy, by his definition, is a wide-scale mass uprising by the people, similar to that of civil disobedience through violence. He believed that anarchy was the innate state of all individuals, and therefore human nature would d... | 2.515625 | 0 |
312626 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Anarchist%20Cookbook | The Anarchist Cookbook | Knowledge of the book, or copied online publications of it, increased along with the increase in public access to the Internet throughout the mid-1990s. Newspapers ran stories about how easy the text was to get hold of, and the influence it may have had with terrorists, criminals, and experimenting teenagers.
Film
T... | 1.921875 | 0 |
312639 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riddler | Riddler | Riddler's origin is the same as his Golden Age counterpart. The first Silver Age appearance of the Riddler introduced the villain when he was released from prison. Upon release, the Riddler swore he would no longer leave clues to his crimes. However, during his first attempt at a robbery he discovers that leaving clues... | 2.609375 | 0 |
312641 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen%20Elizabeth%20Way | Queen Elizabeth Way | The history of the QEW dates back to 1931, when work began to widen the Middle Road in a similar fashion to the nearby Dundas Highway and Lakeshore Road as a relief project during the Great Depression. Following the 1934 provincial election, Ontario Minister of Highways Thomas McQuesten and his deputy minister Robert M... | 2.5 | 0 |
312641 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen%20Elizabeth%20Way | Queen Elizabeth Way | The Queen Elizabeth Way was named for the wife and royal consort of King George VI who would later become known as Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother. It is sometimes referred to as the Queen E.
In 1939, the royal couple toured Canada and the United States in part to bolster support for the United Kingdom in anticipation... | 2.40625 | 0 |
312641 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen%20Elizabeth%20Way | Queen Elizabeth Way | A monument was originally in the highway median at the Toronto terminus of the highway west of the Humber River bridges, dedicated to the 1939 visit of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth and known as the "Lucky Lion." The column, with a crown at the top and a lion at the base, was designed by W. L. Somerville and sculp... | 2.03125 | 0 |
312641 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen%20Elizabeth%20Way | Queen Elizabeth Way | Fort Erie–Niagara Falls
The Queen Elizabeth Way begins at the Canada–United States border on the three-lane undivided Peace Bridge, which connects with I-190 (via ) in Buffalo, New York. A customs booth is located just west of the bridge, beyond which a toll is charged to Canada-bound drivers. West of there, access is... | 2.125 | 0 |
312641 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen%20Elizabeth%20Way | Queen Elizabeth Way | St. Catharines–Hamilton
As the Queen Elizabeth Way enters St. Catharines, it ascends the Garden City Skyway to cross the Welland Canal. This structure replaced the lift bridge south of it, one of two major bottlenecks prior to the early 1960s, and is one of two high-level skyways along the route. As the QEW was the ... | 2.15625 | 0 |
312641 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen%20Elizabeth%20Way | Queen Elizabeth Way | The QEW formerly continued beyond the Highway 427 interchange to the Old Toronto city limits at the Humber River, although this section between was downloaded from provincial to municipal authorities on April 1, 1997 and became a westward extension of the Gardiner Expressway. Provincial control of the freeway ends shor... | 1.992188 | 0 |
312641 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen%20Elizabeth%20Way | Queen Elizabeth Way | Toronto-Hamilton Highway
As automobile use in southern Ontario grew in the early 20th century, road design and construction advanced significantly. A major issue faced by planners was the improvement of the routes connecting Toronto and Hamilton, which were consistently overburdened by the growing traffic levels.
Follo... | 2.84375 | 0 |
312641 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen%20Elizabeth%20Way | Queen Elizabeth Way | Before the highway could be completed, Thomas McQuesten was appointed the new minister of the Department of Highways, with Robert Melville Smith as deputy minister, following the 1934 provincial elections.
Smith, inspired by the German autobahns—new "dual-lane divided highways"—modified the design for Ontario roads,
an... | 2.828125 | 0 |
312641 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen%20Elizabeth%20Way | Queen Elizabeth Way | The prospect of removing hundreds of acres of farmland did not sit well with many, especially farmers in the path of the new highway. Rumours spread the prices paid for land were to be well below market value, and local protests erupted throughout the summer. However, the purpose of the new highway was to replace the c... | 2.546875 | 0 |
312641 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen%20Elizabeth%20Way | Queen Elizabeth Way | However, the ceremony only named the segment of the highway between St. Catharines and Niagara Falls as The Queen Elizabeth Way. The remainder of the road was still known by various names, including the Toronto–Burlington/Hamilton Highway and The New Middle Road Highway. On August 23, 1940, McQuesten cut a ribbon at th... | 2.34375 | 0 |
312641 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen%20Elizabeth%20Way | Queen Elizabeth Way | 1950s-1970s: replacement of at-grade intersections and drawbridges
Despite some modern infrastructure, including traffic circles, interchanges, and some grade-separations, the majority of the new superhighway was not controlled-access. This meant exiting farmers and homeowners along several segments that were once conc... | 2.953125 | 0 |
312641 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen%20Elizabeth%20Way | Queen Elizabeth Way | On September 11, 1957, construction began to widen the QEW to six lanes between Highway 27 and the Humber River. It was completed by December 1958,
as were interchanges with Mississauga Road and Kerr Street.
Service roads allowed engineers to separate local access from the highway and avoid space-consuming interchanges... | 2.09375 | 0 |
312641 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen%20Elizabeth%20Way | Queen Elizabeth Way | The Freeman Diversion opened to traffic in August 1958,
with the old alignment becoming an eastward extension of Plains Road (still directly accessible via a split west of Guelph Line). Premier Frost opened the , four-lane skyway two months later on October 30. Although the skyway greatly reduced traffic delays, it was... | 1.96875 | 0 |
312641 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen%20Elizabeth%20Way | Queen Elizabeth Way | Construction of the four-level interchange between the QEW and Rainbow Bridge Approach began in 1971, removing the two traffic circles along the approach at the QEW and Dorchester Road.
The interchange between the QEW and Lundy's Lane (Highway 20) was also removed; instead, the new interchange provided access to Montro... | 2.234375 | 0 |
312642 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classic%20Car%20Club%20of%20America | Classic Car Club of America | The Classic Car Club of America (CCCA) is an organization founded in 1952 with a goal of celebrating the automobiles of the prewar period. At the time, the vehicles covered by the club were considered too modern to be of any interest by such organizations as the Antique Automobile Club of America.
Currently, the CCCA ... | 2.375 | 0 |
312648 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutual%20exclusivity | Mutual exclusivity | Statistics
In statistics and regression analysis, an independent variable that can take on only two possible values is called a dummy variable. For example, it may take on the value 0 if an observation is of a white subject or 1 if the observation is of a black subject. The two possible categories associated with the t... | 2.90625 | 0 |
312658 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Wawro | Richard Wawro | Richard Wawro (14 April 1952 – 22 February 2006) was a Scottish artist notable for his landscapes in wax oil crayon. He was an autistic savant.
Life
Wawro was the son of Tadeusz and Olive Wawro; his father was a Polish military officer and civil engineer who had settled as a librarian in Fife, Scotland and his mother ... | 2.484375 | 0 |
312658 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Wawro | Richard Wawro | His original art was first introduced in the United States in 1977 at a National Council of Teachers of English conference on Creativity for the Gifted and Talented in New York City. In 1983 his life and work were the subject of a documentary film, With Eyes Wide Open, by the autism expert Laurence A. Becker, Ph.D. who... | 2.28125 | 0 |
312661 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fremantle%20Football%20Club | Fremantle Football Club | Until 2011 the Fremantle Football Club used the anchor symbol as the basis for all of their guernseys. The home guernsey was purple, with a white anchor on the front separating the chest area into red and green panels, representing the traditional maritime port and starboard colours. The colours also acknowledged Frema... | 1.96875 | 0 |
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