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2942507
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Towada-Minami%20Station
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Towada-Minami Station
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is a JR East railway station located in the city of Kazuno, Akita Prefecture, Japan.
Lines
Towada-Minami Station is served by the Hanawa Line and is located (by rail) from the terminus of the line at Kōma Station.
Station layout
Towada-Minami Station is reversal station with a single island platform serving traffic on a switchback, connected to the station building by a level crossing. The station has a Midori no Madoguchi staffed ticket office.
Platforms
History
Towada-Minami Station was opened on July 4, 1920, as on the privately owned Akita Railways, serving the village of Nishikigi, Akita. The line was nationalized on June 1, 1934, becoming part of the Japanese Government Railways (JGR) system. The JGR became the Japan National Railways (JNR) after World War II. The station was renamed to its present name on June 1, 1957. The station was absorbed into the JR East network upon the privatization of the JNR on April 1, 1987.
Passenger statistics
In fiscal year 2018, the station was used by an average of 162 passengers daily (boarding passengers only).
Surrounding area
Tohoku Expressway – Towada Interchange
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2942516
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg%20B%C3%BCchner%20Prize
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Georg Büchner Prize
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The Georg Büchner Prize () is the most important literary prize for German language literature. The award is named after dramatist and writer Georg Büchner, author of Woyzeck and Leonce and Lena. The Georg Büchner Prize is awarded annually for authors "writing in the German language who have notably emerged through their oeuvre as essential contributors to the shaping of contemporary German cultural life".
History
The Georg Büchner Prize was created in 1923 in memory of Georg Büchner and was only given to artists who came from or were closely tied to Büchner's home of Hesse. It was first awarded in 1923. Among the early recipients were mostly visual artists, poets, actors, and singers.
In 1951, the prize changed to a general literary prize, awarded annually by the Deutsche Akademie für Sprache und Dichtung. It goes to German language authors, and the annual speech by the recipient takes place in Darmstadt. Since 2002, the prize has been endowed with €50,000.
The Georg Büchner Prize and the Nobel Prize in Literature
Five winners of the Georg Büchner Prize, Günter Grass (1965), Heinrich Böll (1967), Elias Canetti (1972), Peter Handke (1973) and Elfriede Jelinek (1998) have been awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in subsequent years. The Georg Büchner Prize is frequently seen as an indicator for potential future Nobel Prize winners writing in the German language. Most recently, however, the Swedish Academy in Stockholm preceded the German Academy for Language and Literature in awarding a prolific writer from the German sprachraum. Herta Müller received the Nobel Prize in Literature but has not yet been awarded the Georg Büchner Prize.
The 2024 Büchner Prize recipient is the South Tyrolean lyricist and poet Oswald Egger.
Recipients of the literary prize, since 1951
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2942536
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Morton%20Nance
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Robert Morton Nance
|
Robert Morton Nance (1873–1959) was a British writer and leading authority on the Cornish language, a nautical archaeologist, and joint founder of the Old Cornwall Society.
Nance wrote many books and pamphlets on the Cornish language, including a Cornish dictionary, which is a standard work, and edited magazines and pamphlets about Cornwall, including Old Cornwall, the journal of the Federation of Old Cornwall Societies. Nance was also a nautical archaeologist of distinction and was an originator of the Society for Nautical Research. His insight and learning were displayed in his book Sailing-ship Models which appeared in 1924. He studied art in Britain and France and was both a painter and a skilled craftsman.
Work with the Cornish language
In 1898, Robert Morton Nance wrote The Merry Ballad of the Cornish Pasty.
Nance began studying the Cornish language in 1904 from Henry Jenner's A Handbook of the Cornish language, although he would later steer the language revival towards mediaeval Cornish.
He began to write and illustrate poetry for Arthur Quiller-Couch's Cornish Magazine.
In 1909, Nance and Jenner met in Falmouth while the former was researching for the book A Glossary of Cornish Sea Words (published only after his death as a memorial volume in 1959). They became friends and spent the next decade researching Cornish and collecting tidbits of traditional Cornish. These were published in a series of papers which were read both to the Royal Institution of Cornwall and the Royal Cornwall Polytechnic Society.
Jenner and Nance formed the first Old Cornwall Society in St Ives in 1920. Its motto was "Cuntelleugh an Brewyon us Gesys na vo Kellys Travyth". By 1924, there were sufficient Old Cornwall Societies for a Federation, with Jenner as its president and Nance as its recorder. The Federation established the periodical Old Cornwall in 1925.
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2942536
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Morton%20Nance
|
Robert Morton Nance
|
The 1920s to circa 1940 saw Nance and A. S. D. Smith using the works of Edward Lhuyd and Whitley Stokes, as well as Breton grammar, to resolve the issue of syntax and grammar in Cornish.
On 21 September 1928, Nance, Jenner and others held the first Gorsedh Kernow at Boscawen-Un. Twelve bards were made, including Nance who took the bardic name Mordon ('Sea Wave'). In 1929, he published Cornish for All, a work which detailed a version of Cornish based on the Ordinalia and other mediaeval texts, creating the Unified Cornish spelling system and defining the next phase of the Revival.
An Balores, the first play written in Unified Cornish, was written by Nance in 1932 and performed that year at the Celtic Congress meeting in Truro.
That year, on 31 December, the Western Morning News published a speech by Henry Jenner on the subject of Cornish patriotism in which he wrote "Bedheugh Byntha Kernewek" (Be Forever Cornish). A group of young Cornish folk who were politically active joined together to form Cornwall's first national political movement, Tyr ha Tavas (Land and Language), taking Jenner's phrase as their motto to lobby parliament. Nance commented at the time:
In 1934, with the death of Henry Jenner, Nance became Bardh Meur or Grand Bard of the Cornish Gorsedh. That same year, Nance and Smith published a small English-Cornish Dictionary together. His life's work, a full Cornish-English dictionary, was completed by Nance in 1938. £2000 of the day's money was raised by volunteer donations to pay for the work's publication. It was revised and extended to include an English-Cornish section in 1952.
Lyver an Pymp Marthus Selevan, a collection of folk tales from the St. Levan parish written to imitate the style of Cornwall's miracle-plays, was published by Nance in 1939. 1949 saw the chance discovery in the British Museum of the Tregear Homilies. John Mackechnie, the Celtic scholar who discovered them, passed news of the discovery on to Nance.
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2942536
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Morton%20Nance
|
Robert Morton Nance
|
The Old Cornwall Societies began in 1951 to publish a series of small booklets with extracts from Middle Cornish edited in Unified Cornish by Nance and A. S. D. Smith. Including among these texts were Bewnans Meryasek, An Tyr Marya, Sylvester ha'n Dhragon, Abram hag Ysak, Adam ha Seth, Davydd hag Urry and An Venen ha'y Map.
Nance served as President of the Royal Institution of Cornwall from 1951 to 1955. During this time, he worked to improve modern Cornish and publish new editions in 1952 and 1955 of his two dictionaries.
In 1954, records were produced of Nance reading the story Jowan Chy an Hor, as well as Boorde's Colloquies and the Lord's Prayer. Before his death in 1959, he remarked: "One generation has set Cornish on its feet. It is now for another to make it walk."
Personal life
Nance was born in Cardiff to Cornish parents. His father was from Padstow. Nance spent most of his youth living in Penarth and studied art in Cardiff and Hertfordshire.
In 1906, Nance moved from Wales and settled at Nancledra near St Ives, Cornwall from where he jointly founded the Society for Nautical Research in 1911. In 1959, he died and was buried at St Senara's Church, Zennor after taking ill in the autumn of 1957.
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2942557
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish%20Science
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Jewish Science
|
Jewish Science is a Judaic spiritual movement comparable to the New Thought Movement. Many of its members also attend services at conventional synagogues.
It is an interpretation of Jewish philosophy that was originally conceived by Rabbi Alfred Geiger Moses in the early 1900s in response to the growing influence of Christian Science and the New Thought Movement. Rather than the paternal God figure encountered in Hebrew tradition, "Jewish Science views God as an energy or force penetrating the reality of the universe. God is the source of all reality, and not separate from but a real part of our world." His fundamental teachings are found in his 1916 book Jewish Science: Divine Healing in Judaism. The movement was institutionalized in 1922 with Rabbi Morris Lichtenstein's founding of the Society of Jewish Science.
History
Thanks to radio broadcasts on WMCA and the establishment of the Jewish Science Interpreter magazine the movement attracted numerous adherents, thereby helping its rise to prominence in the Jewish community.
In 1938, Tehilla Lichtenstein became the spiritual leader of the Society of Jewish Science in New York, making her the first Jewish American woman to serve as the spiritual leader of an ongoing Jewish congregation, although she was not ordained.
Currently, the Society's "Home Center" and synagogue is located in midtown Manhattan, NY. The Society also maintains a congregation in Los Angeles California, and many study groups around the country which focus on each of the main texts of Jewish Science.
Affirmative prayer
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2942599
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yves%20Lacoste
|
Yves Lacoste
|
Yves Lacoste (born 7 September 1929), is a French geographer, known for his political commitment and contributions to geopolitics. Born in Rabat, Morocco, the son of a geologist, Jean Lacoste, and a librarian, he spent his childhood in the city before continuing his secondary education at the Lycée Lakanal in Sceaux (Seine) and his higher education at the Sorbonne.
After obtaining his post-graduate diploma on the geomorphology of the Rharb plain in Morocco, Lacoste passed the agrégation in geography in 1952. He began his teaching career at the Lycée Bugeaud in Algiers. A member of the French Communist Party and the Algerian Communist Party, he became actively involved in anti-colonial struggles.
In 1955, forced to return to France by the principal of Lycée Bugeaud, Lacoste left the PCF in disagreement with its policy in Algeria. He became a member of the executive board of the Committee for the Independence of Europe. Parallel to his political activities, he continued his research in geography, notably on underdevelopment and the history of the Maghreb. As an assistant at the Institut de Géographie de Paris, Lacoste published several authoritative textbooks.
In 1979, he obtained his doctorate with a thesis entitled "Unity and Diversity of the Third World".
In 1989, he founded the Centre de recherches et d'analyses de géopolitiques, now the Institut français de géopolitique.Lacoste stands out for his innovative approaches to geography, integrating natural and political constraints into his analyses.He also published the journal Hérodote
Internationally recognized, he was awarded the Vautrin-Ludd prize in 2000 for his contribution to geography.Throughout his career, Lacoste continued to teach and appear in the media on geopolitical issues.
Close to socialism, he expresses critical views on the Islamist movement and defends secularism.
| 2.21875
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2942599
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yves%20Lacoste
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Yves Lacoste
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Life
In 1976 he established the French geopolitical journal Hérodote and published a work that shook the French academy, La Géographie ça sert d'abord à faire la guerre. Its central thesis was that "geography was a form of strategic and political knowledge, central to the military strategy and the exercise of political power". Lacoste had earlier earned international renown in 1972 during the Vietnam War by publishing a spatial forensics analysis of the US bombing campaign of the Red River Delta. He agreed with claims from the North Vietnamese government that the US was deliberately targeting the hydrological infrastructure of the river in an attempt to trigger flooding and cause mass civilian casualties, which it called a war crime.
He is currently co-editor of Hérodote with Beatrice Giblin and the head of the French Institute of Geopolitics (Institut Français de Géopolitique) at the University of Paris VIII.
Understanding of geopolitics
Lacoste played a key role in reviving the word geopolitics in the French and English languages. The word had been tarnished by its association with the Nazi régime because of German geopolitician Karl Haushofer. Focussing on spatial dimensions of political affairs Lacoste defines geopolitics as the study of power rivalries over territory carried out on different levels of analysis: global, continental, national, regional or even local.
In an earlier work, La Géographie du sous-développement, Lacoste had suggested a spatial explanation of underdevelopment.
| 2.203125
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2942617
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakob%20Erlandsen
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Jakob Erlandsen
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Jakob Erlandsen (died 18 February 1274) was a Danish Archbishop of Lund (1254–1274) and the central character of the first great church conflict in Denmark.
History
Belonging to a wealthy magnate family (Galen clan) that was related to Archbishop Absalon Erlandsen and all others of Hvide clan, he became a clergyman. He was educated in Paris and showed a solid juridical knowledge at visits in Rome. From the start he seems to have represented a stand of opposition towards the royal power and as bishop of Roskilde (from 1250) he was at odds with King Eric IV. His zeal seems to have been a de facto independence of the church in relation to the king and the state power. In many ways this was in accordance with international canonical law and in agreement with the offensive course of the papal policy but in Denmark it was relatively unknown; here king and bishops normally had worked together, the latter recognising the upper hand of the king.
In 1254 bishop Jakob was appointed archbishop and by this his real struggle with the king began. King Christopher I strongly resisted the archbishop's wish of adjusting the legislation and juridical right of the Danish church with international canonical law because it meant a severe hampering of the state power, among other things of its financial energy. Furthermore, this might very well make the archbishop the independent ruler of his diocese Scania. After many minor conflicts, archbishop Jakob in 1256 issued the so-called Vejle Constitution, a law that was meant to secure all bishops against any kind of arrest from the king's side by threatening him with an interdict. This law was an open challenge to the king and was far from being supported by all bishops. During the next years Jakob Erlandsen and King Christopher more and more came on collision course and when the archbishop in a critical situation refused to accept the king's son Eric (Eric V) as crown prince he was arrested and imprisoned in 1259.
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2942617
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakob%20Erlandsen
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Jakob Erlandsen
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The arrest only partly provoked the expected interdict, but military attacks from the bishop's foreign allies and the king's sudden death weakened the royal party. The same year Jakob Erlandsen was released by the Queen Dowager Margrethe Sambiria, his distant cousin. His new political initiatives against the king however made any reconciliation impossible and in 1263 he fled to Northern Germany. From then the case continued at the papal court in Rome.
Jakob spent most of his last ten years in Italy keen on getting satisfaction. He had to handle alternating popes of changing points of view at the same time as he counteracted the Danish government. Denmark was put under interdict and the royal family was excommunicated but it did not yield to the papal verdicts, nor did Jakob get much support from his own church. At last a compromise was reached in 1272 by which the archbishop obtained some concessions. He travelled home in order to get a final solution, but on the way he died on the island of Rügen. Modern examinations of his skeleton indicate that he might have been assassinated but nothing is sure. After his death King Eric quite simply cancelled all royal concessions.
Jakob Erlandsen's career and defeat shows the great difficulties of carrying through international ecclesiastical legislation in Denmark. The demands of papal supremacy and the authority of the church collided with the traditional Danish view of the division of power. What the archbishop regarded justified demands of clerical immunity and independence meant disloyalty and treason to the king. More interesting is it that much of the population and even many clergymen seem to have shared the royal opinions. Apart from this Jakob Erlandsen's style, his alliances with the foreign enemies of the crown and his intense conduct also seem to have repulsed many possible supporters.
His fight was taken up again by his kinsman Jens Grand.
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2942638
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloss%20%28optics%29
|
Gloss (optics)
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Gloss is an optical property which indicates how well a surface reflects light in a specular (mirror-like) direction. It is one of the important parameters that are used to describe the visual appearance of an object. Other categories of visual appearance related to the perception of regular or diffuse reflection and transmission of light have been organized under the concept of cesia in an order system with three variables, including gloss among the involved aspects. The factors that affect gloss are the refractive index of the material, the angle of incident light and the surface topography.
Apparent gloss depends on the amount of specular reflection – light reflected from the surface in an equal amount and the symmetrical angle to the one of incoming light – in comparison with diffuse reflection – the amount of light scattered into other directions.
Theory
When light illuminates an object, it interacts with it in a number of ways:
Absorbed within it (largely responsible for colour)
Transmitted through it (dependent on the surface transparency and opacity)
Scattered from or within it (diffuse reflection, haze and transmission)
Specularly reflected from it (gloss)
Variations in surface texture directly influence the level of specular reflection. Objects with a smooth surface, i.e. highly polished or containing coatings with finely dispersed pigments, appear shiny to the eye due to a large amount of light being reflected in a specular direction whilst rough surfaces reflect no specular light as the light is scattered in other directions and therefore appears dull. The image forming qualities of these surfaces are much lower making any reflections appear blurred and distorted.
| 3.0625
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2942638
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloss%20%28optics%29
|
Gloss (optics)
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History
The earliest studies of gloss perception are attributed to Leonard R. Ingersoll who in 1914 examined the effect of gloss on paper. By quantitatively measuring gloss using instrumentation Ingersoll based his research around the theory that light is polarised in specular reflection whereas diffusely reflected light is non-polarized. The Ingersoll "glarimeter" had a specular geometry with incident and viewing angles at 57.5°. Using this configuration gloss was measured using a contrast method which subtracted the specular component from the total reflectance using a polarizing filter.
In the 1930s work by A. H. Pfund, suggested that although specular shininess is the basic (objective) evidence of gloss, actual surface glossy appearance (subjective) relates to the contrast between specular shininess and the diffuse light of the surrounding surface area (now called "contrast gloss" or "luster").
If black and white surfaces of the same shininess are visually compared, the black surface will always appear glossier because of the greater contrast between the specular highlight and the black surroundings as compared to that with white surface and surroundings. Pfund was also the first to suggest that more than one method was needed to analyze gloss correctly.
In 1937 R. S. Hunter, as part of his research paper on gloss, described six different visual criteria attributed to apparent gloss. The following diagrams show the relationships between an incident beam of light, I, a specularly reflected beam, S, a diffusely reflected beam, D and a near-specularly reflected beam, B.
Specular gloss – the perceived brightness and the brilliance of highlights
Defined as the ratio of the light reflected from a surface at an equal but opposite angle to that incident on the surface.
Sheen – the perceived shininess at low grazing angles
Defined as the gloss at grazing angles of incidence and viewing
Contrast gloss – the perceived brightness of specularly and diffusely reflecting areas
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2942638
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloss%20%28optics%29
|
Gloss (optics)
|
Defined as the ratio of the specularly reflected light to that diffusely reflected normal to the surface;
Absence of bloom – the perceived cloudiness in reflections near the specular direction
Defined as a measure of the absence of haze or a milky appearance adjacent to the specularly reflected light: haze is the inverse of absence-of-bloom
Distinctness of image gloss – identified by the distinctness of images reflected in surfaces
Defined as the sharpness of the specularly reflected light
Surface texture gloss – identified by the lack of surface texture and surface blemishes
Defined as the uniformity of the surface in terms of visible texture and defects (orange peel, scratches, inclusions etc.)
A surface can therefore appear very shiny if it has a well-defined specular reflectance at the specular angle. The perception of an image reflected in the surface can be degraded by appearing unsharp, or by appearing to be of low contrast. The former is characterised by the measurement of the distinctness-of-image and the latter by the haze or contrast gloss.
In his paper Hunter also noted the importance of three main factors in the measurement of gloss:
The amount of light reflected in the specular direction
The amount and way in which the light is spread around the specular direction
The change in specular reflection as the specular angle changes
For his research he used a glossmeter with a specular angle of 45° as did most of the first photoelectric methods of that type, later studies however by Hunter and D. B. Judd in 1939, on a larger number of painted samples, concluded that the 60 degree geometry was the best angle to use so as to provide the closest correlation to a visual observation.
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2942640
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vellore%20district
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Vellore district
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Vellore district () is one of the 38 districts in the Tamil Nadu state of India. It is one of the eleven districts that form the north region of Tamil Nadu. Vellore city is the headquarters of this district. As of 2011, the district had a population of 1,614,242 with a sex ratio of 1,007 females for every 1,000 males. In 2017 Vellore district ranked eleventh in list of districts in Tamil Nadu by Human Development Index.
The Government of India recently included Vellore city in its prestigious smart city project, along with 26 other cities.
History
Men from the Vellore District fought in the British India Army and sacrificed their lives in the World Wars. This is recorded in the clock tower in the long bazaar at Vellore, raised in 1920, where an inscription reads "Vellore – From this Village 277 men went to the Great war 1914–18, of them 14 gave up their lives".
On 30 September 1989 the district was again split into Tiruvannamalai-Sambuvarayar (present-day Tiruvannamalai) and North Arcot Ambedkar districts. North Arcot Ambedkar District was renamed Vellore District in 1996.
On 15 August 2019, the district was trifurcated into Vellore, Tirupattur and Ranipet districts.
Demographics
According to 2011 census, Vellore district had a population of 1,614,242 with a sex ratio of 1,007 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929. A total of 432,550 were under the age of six, constituting 222,460 males and 210,090 females. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes accounted for 21.85% and 1.85% of the population, respectively. The average literacy of the district was 70.47%, compared to the national average of 72.99%.
The district had 929,281 households. There were 1,689,330 workers, comprising 153,211 cultivators, 254,999 main agricultural labourers, 106,906 in household industries, 845,069 other workers, 329,145 marginal workers, 21,897 marginal cultivators, 136,956 marginal agricultural labourers, 29,509 marginal workers in household industries and 140,783 other marginal workers.
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2942656
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supplier%20relationship%20management
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Supplier relationship management
|
Supplier relationship management (SRM) is the systematic, enterprise-wide assessment of suppliers' strengths, performance and capabilities with respect to overall business strategy, determination of what activities to engage in with different suppliers, and planning and execution of all interactions with suppliers, in a coordinated fashion across the relationship life cycle, to maximize the value realized through those interactions. The focus of supplier relationship management is the development of two-way, mutually beneficial relationships with strategic supply partners to deliver greater levels of innovation and competitive advantage than could be achieved by operating independently or through a traditional, transactional purchasing arrangement. Underpinning disciplines which support effective SRM include supplier information management, compliance, risk management and performance management.
The objective of SRM is to maximize the value of those interactions. In practice, SRM entails creating closer, more collaborative relationships with key suppliers in order to uncover and realize new value and reduce risk of failure. SRM is a critical discipline in procurement and supply chain management and is crucial for business success.
SRM is analogous to customer relationship management (CRM). Just as companies have multiple interactions over time with their customers, so too do they interact with suppliers – negotiating contracts, purchasing, managing logistics and delivery, collaborating on product design, etc. The starting point for defining SRM is a recognition that these various interactions with suppliers are not discrete and independent – instead they are accurately and usefully thought of as comprising a relationship, one which can and should be managed in a coordinated fashion across functional and business unit touch-points, and throughout the relationship life-cycle.
| 1.929688
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2942656
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supplier%20relationship%20management
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Supplier relationship management
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Value measurement
SRM delivers a competitive advantage by harnessing talent and ideas from key supply partners and translates this into product and service offerings for end customers. One tool for monitoring performance and identifying areas for improvement is the joint, two-way performance scorecard. A balanced scorecard includes a mixture of quantitative and qualitative measures, including how key participants perceive the quality of the relationship. These KPIs are shared between customer and supplier and reviewed jointly, reflecting the fact that the relationship is two-way and collaborative, and that strong performance on both sides is required for it to be successful. Advanced organizations conduct 360 degree scorecards, where strategic suppliers are also surveyed for feedback on their performance, the results of which are built into the scorecard.
A practice of leading organizations is to track specific SRM savings generated at an individual supplier level, and also at an aggregated SRM program level, through existing procurement benefit measurement systems. Part of the challenge in measuring the financial impact of SRM is that there are many ways SRM can contribute to financial performance. These include cost savings (e.g., most favored customer pricing, joint efforts to improve design, manufacturing, and service delivery for greater efficiency); incremental revenue opportunities (e.g., gaining early or exclusive access to innovative supplier technology; joint efforts to develop innovative products, features, packaging, etc. avoiding stock-outs through joint demand forecasting); and improved management of risk.
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2942662
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques%20Ancel
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Jacques Ancel
|
Jacques Ancel (22 July 1879 in Parmain, Val-d'Oise – 1943 Alloue Charente) was a French geographer and geopolitician. He was the author of several books, including Peoples and Nations of Balkans: political geography (1926) and Geopolitics (1936).
After studying history and geography and professing as a teacher, Ancel was drafted to fight in World War I. Wounded three times, he was detached to the Headquarters of the French Army's Oriental Corps (fighting in the Ottoman Empire and the Balkans). After the war, he helped mediate the tense relations between Yugoslavia and Bulgaria. In 1930, Ancel obtained his doctorate with the thesis La Macédoine, étude de colonisation contemporaine ("Macedonia, a study in contemporary colonization").
He taught at the University of Paris' Institute of Higher International Studies, and was a corresponding member of the Romanian Academy and of other scientific forums. He was a knight of the Légion d'honneur.
Ancel was imprisoned in Drancy and Royallieu-Compiègne internment camps during World War II due to his Jewish background. He died of complications from his poor treatment in 1943, and was officially declared Mort pour la France.
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2942674
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation%20of%20Old%20Cornwall%20Societies
|
Federation of Old Cornwall Societies
|
The Federation of Old Cornwall Societies (FOCS) was formed in 1924, on the initiative of Robert Morton Nance, with the objective of collecting and maintaining "all those ancient things that make the spirit of Cornwall — its traditions, its old words and ways, and what remains to it of its Celtic language and nationality". The motto of the federation—as written on their web site—is "", which translated into English is "Gather ye the fragments that are left, that nothing be lost". The motto in the OCS logo is the Cornish phrase King Arthur is not dead. The first Old Cornwall Society was established by Robert Morton Nance in St Ives in 1920.
Today, The Federation of Old Cornwall Societies consists of over 40 individual societies throughout Cornwall. There are also other affiliated groups within Cornwall as well as those Associated societies and groups in England and overseas.
Summer events
The OCS celebrate the old Cornish tradition of midsummer bonfires, normally held on 23 June each year. The hilltop bonfires that form a chain are currently held at Kit Hill, St Breock Beacon, Castle An Dinas, and Redruth.
In the autumn the harvest festival known as Crying The Neck is also celebrated by the OCS.
Periodical
Old Cornwall, the journal of the Federation, began publication in 1925 and is published twice yearly. The first editor was Robert Morton Nance.
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2942704
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deferred%20compensation
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Deferred compensation
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Non-qualifying
Deferred compensation is a written agreement between an employer and an employee where the employee voluntarily agrees to have part of their compensation withheld by the company, invested on their behalf, and given to them at some pre-specified point in the future.
Non-qualifying differs from qualifying in that
Employers may also pick and choose which employees they provide deferred compensation benefits to rather than being required to offer the same plan to all employees. This flexibility in the law allows for public entities the choice of whether to provide benefits to different employee bargaining units.
They offer flexibility. The employer can treat those chosen differently. The benefit promised need not follow any of the rules associated with qualified plans (e.g., the 25% or $55,000 limit on contributions to defined contribution plans). The vesting schedule can be whatever the employer would like it to be.
Companies may provide deferred compensation benefits to independent contractors, not just employees.
The employer contributions are not tax-deductible.
Employees must pay taxes on deferred compensation at the time such compensation is eligible to be received (not just when it is drawn out).
Deferred compensation is also sometimes referred to as deferred comp, qualified deferred compensation, DC, non-qualified deferred comp, NQDC, or golden handcuffs.
| 1.976563
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2942704
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deferred%20compensation
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Deferred compensation
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Assets in plans that fall under ERISA (for example, a 401(k) plan) must be put in a trust for the sole benefit of its employees. If a company goes bankrupt, creditors are not allowed to get assets inside the company's ERISA plan. Contrariwise, non-qualifying deferred compensation, because it does not fall under ERISA, is a general asset of the corporation. While the corporation may choose to not invade those assets as a courtesy, legally, they're allowed to and may be forced to give deferred compensation assets to creditors in the case of bankruptcy. A special kind of trust called a rabbi trust (because it was first used in the compensation plan for a rabbi) may be used. A rabbi trust puts a "fence" around the money inside the corporation and protects it from being raided for most uses other than the corporation's bankruptcy/insolvency. However, plan participants may not receive a guarantee that they'll be paid prior to creditors being paid in case of insolvency.
ERISA plans may not discriminate in favor of highly compensated employees on a percentage basis. If the president of the company is making $1,000,000/year and a clerk is making $30,000, and the company declares a 25% profit sharing contribution, the president of the company gets to count the first $230,000 only (2008 limit) and put $57,500 into his account and $7,500 into the clerk's account. For the president, $57,500 represents only 5.75% of total income that grows tax deferred, and if the company wants to provide an additional tax incentive, DC may be an option.
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2942708
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German-Pennsylvanian%20Association
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German-Pennsylvanian Association
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The German-Pennsylvanian Association () is an organization founded in 2003 in the Rheinhessen area of Ober-Olm in Germany, and dedicated to cultural exchange and research involving the Pennsylvania Dutch language and people. The registered seat of the organization is in the Rhineland-Palatinate capital of Mainz.
Overview
The goals of the organization are to promote cultural exchange between Pennsylvanian (United States) residents of German descent and their main region of origin in Southwest Germany, to encourage the creation of joint initiatives and sister city partnerships, and to promote the study of Pennsylvania Dutch history, language, and culture. Many of the members are linguists and historians or others from Germany or the United States who are interested in genealogy and the Pennsylvania Dutch culture.
Executive committee
The executive committee is composed of five members elected every three years. The first top chairperson was publishing editor Dr. Michael Werner who established the Pennsylvania German newspaper Hiwwe wie Driwwe and an archive for Pennsylvania Dutch literature in Ober-Olm. He served as president between 2003 and 2010. Since April 2010, Frank Kessler (Brussels) is the top chairperson of the association.
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2942733
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torres%20Strait%20Islander%20flag
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Torres Strait Islander flag
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The Torres Strait Islander flag is the official flag of the Torres Strait Islanders, an Indigenous people of Australia. It was designed in 1992 by Bernard Namok, who won a local competition held by the Islands Coordinating Council.
It was recognised by the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission in June 1992. It was granted official status in 1995 under the Flags Act 1953, as was the Australian Aboriginal flag.
Status
On 14 July 1995, Governor-General Bill Hayden issued a proclamation under section five of the Flags Act 1953 declaring the flag to be "recognised as the flag of the Torres Strait Islander people of Australia and a flag of significance to the Australian nation generally".
An "administrative oversight" caused the 1995 proclamation not to be lodged to continue in force indefinitely; hence, it automatically expired on 1 January 2008. It was almost identically replaced, on 25 January 2008, with retroactive effect as from 1 January.
In the 2008 proclamation, the flag "is recognised as the flag of the Torres Strait Islander people of Australia and a flag of significance to the Australian nation generally". It is appointed "to be the flag of the Torres Strait Islander people of Australia and to be known as the Torres Strait Islander Flag". The design is reproduced in Schedule 1 and described in Schedule 2.
Although Namok has since died, the Torres Strait Islander flag is still subject to copyright under the Copyright Act 1968 (Cth). The copyright was administered by the Island Coordinating Council until 2008, when that body was superseded by the Torres Strait Island Regional Council. It is willing to permit reproductions of the flag that are accurate and acknowledge Namok as the designer.
Colours
The official colours of the flag of the Torres Strait Islanders are as follows:
Symbolic meaning
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2942756
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haukur%20Halld%C3%B3rsson
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Haukur Halldórsson
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As an Artist
Halldorsson's main subject matter revolved around themes of folklore of his home country Iceland, the Brothers Grimm, Celtic mythology and Nordic mythology. He created numerous drawings and illustrations on the subjects. Halldórsson travelled widely to research art, to China, various countries in Europe, and the United States. In New Mexico he encountered Navajo people and observed the art of sandpainting, which he later applied in his own art practice.
His selection of works from 1978 to 2024 combined disparate elements from the worlds of fantasy, myth and everyday experience. His artwork often contained mythical and magical entities as much of his practice revolved around North-European mythology and Nordic mythology. He gathered information about historical pagan European calendars and myths associated with different parts of the year, which formed the basis for some of his works.
One of his most famous works is the Arctic Henge (Heimskautsgerðið), a series of circles and basalt columns that began its construction in 2004 at the village Raufarhöfn in northeastern Iceland. It has a diameter of 52 meters, functioning as a pagan calendar with numerous references to Norse mythology particularly the Dvergatal of the Poetic Edda.
Yggdrasil Divination Deck
Among his notable works are his illustrations for the Yggdrasil Divination Deck. that he worked on with his daughter Gunnhildur Hauksdóttir and which draws from Norse mythology. It was published in 2019 by Llewellyn Worldwide.
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2942787
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Krbava%20Field
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Battle of Krbava Field
|
The Battle of Krbava Field (; ; ) was fought between the Ottoman Empire of Bayezid II and an army of the Kingdom of Croatia, at the time in personal union with the Kingdom of Hungary, on 9 September 1493, in the Krbava field, a part of the Lika region in Croatia.
The Ottoman forces were under the command of Hadım Yakup Pasha, sanjak-bey of the Sanjak of Bosnia, and the Croatian army was led by Emerik Derenčin, ban of Croatia, who served under King Vladislaus II Jagiello. Earlier in the summer of 1493, the Ottomans undertook a raid through Croatia into Carniola and Styria. Around the same time, clashes had been raging in Croatia between the House of Frankopan and the Croatian ban, but news of the Ottoman incursion forced them to make peace. The Croatian nobles assembled a large army and intercepted the Ottoman forces that were returning to the Sanjak of Bosnia. Poor tactics, and the choice of an open battle done by ban Derenčin against more experienced Ottoman cavalry, resulted in the total defeat of the Croatian army.
There were no immediate territorial gains for the Ottoman Empire, but in the following decades the Ottomans gradually expanded into southern Croatia.
Background
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2942787
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Krbava%20Field
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Battle of Krbava Field
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After the fall of the Kingdom of Bosnia into Ottoman hands in 1463, the Ottomans quickly expanded westward, threatening the southern and central parts of the Kingdom of Croatia. Since then, Ottoman raids were becoming more frequent. These raids were being carried out by the Akıncı, irregular light cavalry of the Ottoman Empire. They would ride into Christian territory and plunder the countryside during spring and summer, avoiding the fortified border towns and direct military conflict. These continuous raids forced the local population to abandon their land, leaving the frontier castles without supplies. One such raid began in September 1491, with the Ottoman cavalry crossing the Kupa River and reaching Carniola. On their way back, the Ottomans were intercepted by the army of Croatian ban Ladislav of Egervár and Count Bernardin Frankopan near Udbina, and were defeated in the Battle of Vrpile. The defeat at Vrpile forced the Ottomans to stop their attacks during 1492. After Hadım Yakup Pasha became the sanjak-bey of the Sanjak of Bosnia, the Ottomans renewed their raids.
Preparations
In the summer of 1493, Hadım Yakup Pasha raised an army of 8,000 light cavalry (akıncı) and attacked Jajce, but failed to capture its fortress. From there he turned northwest and entered Carniola and Styria, plundering the countryside. The same year, a war broke out between the newly appointed ban of Croatia, Emerik Derenčin (), and the Frankopans, allied with Karlo Kurjaković (of the Gusić's), for control over Senj and several other towns. By mid-July 1493, counts Bernardin Frankopan and Ivan VIII (Anž) Frankopan, had the upper hand in the war and were besieging Senj. The siege was lifted after an army led by ban Derenčin was sent to help Senj, and the Frankopan army retreated to Sokolac. In the meantime, the Frankopans were accused of cooperating with the Ottomans, although their estates were also being ravaged. News of the incoming Ottoman army forced them to make peace.
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2942787
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Krbava%20Field
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Battle of Krbava Field
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Although the plan was to fight the Ottomans on the open plains, the Croatian army was initially deployed on the slopes of the eastern part of the Krbava field, near the village of Visuć. The army was set up to face the enemy frontally, and divided into three groups. The first one was composed of soldiers from Slavonia, commanded by Franjo Berislavić, the second section was under the command of Ivan Frankopan Cetinski, while the third was commanded by Nikola VI Frankopan and Bernardin Frankopan. Croatian infantry and cavalry were equally distributed among the three sections. The main commander of the army was ban Emerik Derenčin. The Ottoman army was also arranged in three groups. The first one was commanded by Ismail Bey, sanjak-bey of the Sanjak of Kruševac, the second one by Mehmed Bey of the Sanjak of Üsküp (Skopje), while the middle group was under the command of Hadım Yakup Pasha. Ishak Bey Kraloğlu (Sigismund of Bosnia), son of the King of Bosnia, Stephen Thomas (died 1461), also took part in the battle on the Ottoman side.
The Ottoman plan was to draw the Croatian forces further west next to the woods where they had set up an ambush. Ismail's right wing made the first move, heading towards the Croatian left flank. The Croatian army left the slopes and rushed at the Ottomans, starting a battle in the open field. The battle was fought closely with swords, with no use of bows. The Ottoman forces were at first pushed back, and started a feigned retreat, which lured Croatian army into pursuit that led them into the ambush.
| 2.75
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2942823
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotland%20Act%201978
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Scotland Act 1978
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The Scotland Act 1978 (c. 51) was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom intended to establish a Scottish Assembly as a devolved legislature for Scotland. At a referendum held in the following year, the Act failed to gain the necessary level of approval required by an amendment, and was never put into effect.
Background
Following Winnie Ewing's groundbreaking win for the Scottish National Party in the 1967 Hamilton by-election, the United Kingdom government responded to the growing support for Scottish independence by setting up the Royal Commission on the Constitution, better known as the Kilbrandon Commission (1969–1973).
In response to the royal commission's report, James Callaghan's Labour government brought forward proposals to establish a Scottish Assembly. In November 1977 a Scotland Bill providing for the establishment of a Scottish Assembly was introduced; it received the Royal assent on 31 July 1978.
The proposed Scottish Assembly
Had the Scotland Act 1978 entered force, it would have created a Scottish Assembly with very limited legislative powers. There would have been a Scottish Executive headed by a "First Secretary", taking over some of the functions of the Secretary of State for Scotland. Two possible contenders for the post of First Secretary were The Reverend Geoff Shaw, leader of Strathclyde Regional Council, and Professor John P. Mackintosh, MP – but both died in 1978.
Assembly members would have been elected by the "first past the post" system. The Scottish Assembly would have had the power to introduce primary legislation, to be known as "Measures" (rather than Acts), within defined areas of competence.
Meetings of the Scottish Assembly would have been held at the Old Royal High School in Regent Road, Edinburgh; the former school hall was adapted for use by the Scottish Assembly, including the installation of microphones and new olive green leather seating.
Some other new offices would also have been created, such as a Comptroller and Auditor General for Scotland.
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2942823
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotland%20Act%201978
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Scotland Act 1978
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Referendum and repeal
The Scotland Act included a requirement for a "post-legislative" referendum to be held in Scotland to approve the Act's coming into force. During its passage through Parliament, an amendment introduced by George Cunningham (a Scot who represented an English seat) added a further requirement that the approval at the referendum be by 40% of Scotland's total registered electorate, rather than by a simple majority.
The referendum was held on 1 March 1979. A total of 1,230,937 (51.6%) voted at the referendum in favour of an Assembly, a narrow majority of about 77,400 over those voting against. However, this total represented only 32.9% of the registered electorate as a whole. The Labour government accepted that the act's requirements had not been met, and that devolution would therefore not be introduced for Scotland.
Under the terms of the act, it was then repealed by a statutory instrument to be approved by Parliament. The Scottish National Party subsequently voted against the government in a vote of no confidence which led to the resignation of the Callaghan government, and an election was called. The vote to approve the statutory instrument repealing the Act was not held until 20 June 1979, by which time a Conservative government had come to power under Margaret Thatcher. The Order-in-Council was subsequently made on 26 July 1979.
Postscript
In 1998 a new Scotland Act was passed, leading to the establishment of the Scottish Parliament. A key difference between the two acts is that under the 1978 legislation a very limited number of specific powers would have been devolved to Scotland, whereas under the 1998 legislation it is the powers reserved to Westminster which are specifically limited; everything not mentioned in the 1998 act is automatically the responsibility of the Scottish Parliament.
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2942861
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amarapura%20Nik%C4%81ya
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Amarapura Nikāya
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The Amarapura Nikaya () is a Sri Lankan monastic fraternity (gaṇa or nikāya) founded in 1800. It is named after the city of Amarapura, Burma, the capital of the Konbaung dynasty of Burma at that time. Amarapura Nikaya monks are Theravada Buddhists. On 16 August 2019, the Amarapura and Ramanna Nikaya were unified as the Amarapura–Rāmañña Nikāya, making it the largest Buddhist fraternity in Sri Lanka.
However in January 2025 a new head of the Amarapura Nikāya, sans the Rāmañña Nikāya, took his seat.
History
By the mid-18th century, upasampada – higher ordination as a bhikkhu (monk), as distinct from sāmaṇera or novitiate ordination – had become extinct in Sri Lanka. The Buddhist order had become extinct thrice during the preceding five hundred years and was reestablished during the reigns of Vimaladharmasuriya I of Kandy (1591–1604) and Vimaladharmasuriya II of Kandy (1687–1707). These reestablishments were short lived. This was a period when the Vinaya had been virtually abandoned and some members of the Sangha in the Kingdom of Kandy privately held land, had wives and children, resided in the private homes and were called Ganinnanses. On the initiative of Weliwita Sri Saranankara Thero (1698–1778) the Thai monk Upali Thera visited Kandy during the reign of Kirti Sri Rajasinha of Kandy (1747–1782) and once again reestablished the Buddhist order in Sri Lanka in 1753. It was called the Siam Nikaya after a name for Thailand.
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2942861
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amarapura%20Nik%C4%81ya
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Amarapura Nikāya
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However, in 1764, merely a decade after the reestablishment of the Buddhist order in Sri Lanka by reverend Upali, a group within the newly created Siam Nikaya succeeded in restricting upasampada only to the Govigama caste. It was a period when the traditional nobility of the Kingdom of Kandy was decimated by continuous wars with the Dutch rulers of the maritime provinces. In the maritime provinces too, a new order was replacing the old. Mandarampura Puvata, a text from the Kandyan period, narrates the above radical changes to the monastic order and shows that it was not a unanimous decision by the body of the sangha. It says that thirty-two 'senior' members of the Sangha who opposed this change were banished to Jaffna by the leaders of the reform.
The Govigama exclusivity of the Sangha thus secured in 1764 was almost immediately challenged by other castes who without the patronage of the King of Kandy or of the British, held their own upasampada ceremony at Totagamuwa Vihara in 1772. Another was held at Tangalle in 1798. Neither of these ceremonies were approved by the Siam Nikaya which claimed that these were not in accordance with the Vinaya rules. King Rajadhi Rajasinghe (1782–1798) had made an order restricting the right of obtaining higher ordination to the members of a particular caste.
As a consequence of this 'exclusively Govigama' policy adopted in 1764 by the Siyam Nikaya, the Buddhists in the maritime provinces were denied access to a valid ordination lineage. Hoping to rectify this situation, wealthy laymen from the maritime provinces financed an expedition to Siam to found a new monastic lineage.
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2942875
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Producers%20%28musical%29
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The Producers (musical)
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The Producers is a musical comedy with music and lyrics by Mel Brooks and a book by Brooks and Thomas Meehan. It is adapted from Brooks's 1967 film of the same name. The story concerns two theatrical producers who scheme to get rich by fraudulently overselling interests in a Broadway musical designed to fail. Complications arise when the show is a surprise hit. The humor of The Producers draws on exaggerated accents, caricatures of Jews, gay people and Nazis, and many show business in-jokes.
After 33 previews, the original Broadway production opened at the St. James Theatre on April 19, 2001, starring Nathan Lane and Matthew Broderick, and ran for 2,502 performances, winning a record-breaking 12 Tony Awards. It spawned a successful West End production running for just over two years, national tours in the US and UK, many productions worldwide and a 2005 film version.
Background
David Geffen persuaded Mel Brooks to turn his film into a stage musical. When Brooks met with Jerry Herman to discuss their working together, Herman declined, telling Brooks that he should do the job himself, as he was a good songwriter. Brooks then asked Thomas Meehan to join him in writing the book for the stage. Brooks persuaded Mike Ockrent and his wife Susan Stroman to join the creative team as director and choreographer. After Ockrent's death in 1999, Stroman agreed to continue as both director and choreographer.
Plot
Act I
In New York in 1959, theatre producer Max Bialystock opens Funny Boy, a musical version of Hamlet. Reviews are overwhelmingly negative, and the show closes after one performance ("Opening Night"). Max, who was once called the King of Broadway, tells a crowd of down-and-outs of his past achievements and vows to return to form ("King of Broadway").
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13174125
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terzaga
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Terzaga
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Terzaga is a municipality located in the province of Guadalajara, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. According to the 2022 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 20 inhabitants. It belongs to the Alto Tajo Natural Park and the Geopark of the Comarca Molina-Alto Tajo. It has an area of 33.81 km2. From Guadalajara capital it is separated by a distance of 159 km. It is one of the localities through which the route of the Three Taifas of the Camino del Cid takes place.
Climate
The climate is continental Mediterranean with very cold winters where temperatures drop below -15 °C and hot summers where temperatures can exceed 30 °C during the day. The average annual temperature in Terzaga is 9.8 °C. The annual precipitation is 519 mm, it rains during all seasons although moderately and from the end of October to May there can also be precipitation in the form of snow. It is inside the "Ice Triangle" (Teruel, Calamocha and Molina de Aragón), the Spanish Siberia, where the lowest extreme temperatures are recorded each winter.
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13174196
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gun%20control%20policy%20of%20the%20Bill%20Clinton%20administration
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Gun control policy of the Bill Clinton administration
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The gun control policy of the Bill Clinton administration was the White House's domestic policy on guns during Bill Clinton's term in office as President of the United States from 1993 to 2001. Gun control was a major political issue in the first half of Clinton's first term and during that time he lobbied for, and signed, two major pieces of gun control legislation, the Brady Bill and the 1994 Federal Assault Weapons Ban.
Background
After receiving the Democratic nomination for president, Clinton campaigned against George H. W. Bush, in the fall of 1992. In the six previous elections, Republicans had garnered enormous success by labeling their opponents as "soft on crime". Democrats had not used gun control in the past as an election issue. Clinton reversed the tide by using gun control as an issue and calling Bush soft on crime for not pushing for passage of the Brady Bill or the nationwide assault weapons ban. Clinton also strongly endorsed the death penalty. Bush called for " Going after the criminal not the gun owner". However, on March 15, 1989, less than two months after taking office, Bush temporarily banned, by executive order, the importation of various semi-automatic "assault weapons". That ban was extended a few weeks later to include additional firearms, and was made permanent by Bush in July, 1989. Clinton won the 1992 election with 43% of the vote.
Brady Bill
Soon after taking office, it was clear that one of the most important items on the domestic agenda for the President was to pass the Brady Bill. The bill was named after Ronald Reagan's press secretary James Brady, who was wounded during the attempt on Reagan's life by John Hinckley. Brady's wife, Sarah, became a gun control advocate, and sought to put restrictions on the purchasing on handguns. The bill had been introduced several times in Congress during the 1980s and early 1990s. President Bush had vetoed an earlier version of the bill after intense pressure from the National Rifle Association (NRA).
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13174196
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gun%20control%20policy%20of%20the%20Bill%20Clinton%20administration
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Gun control policy of the Bill Clinton administration
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The Brady Bill became personal for President Clinton. He became a political ally with Sarah Brady in her quest to get the bill passed. Clinton also saw first hand what he believed was a need for the bill. When he was campaigning for Governor of Arkansas he met a hardware store owner who had sold a handgun to an unstable Vietnam vet, who had just been released from a mental hospital. The man went on a killing spree with the gun. Clinton cited this in his autobiography, as the best argument he encountered as to why the background checks in the Brady Law were needed.
In February 1993 Clinton encouraged congress to pass the Brady bill, stating that he would sign it if they passed it. That same month Charles Schumer introduced the bill in the House and Howard Metzenbaum did so in the Senate. Public opinion polls at the time showed a majority favored the bill. After several months of debate, the White House had put enough pressure on congress to get several Republican in both houses to support the bill. Despite last-ditch efforts by pro-gun Senators and the NRA, the bill managed to pass both houses and was signed into law on November 30, 1993. The law required a five-day waiting period after purchasing a handgun, and the dealer had to report the sale to the local chief law enforcement officer to run a check on the buyer. Clinton may have called the bill a "good beginning" for more gun control legislation. Many credit Clinton's skills at building coalitions and using the public stage to keep pressure on getting the bill passed.
Federal assault weapons ban
One year after signing the Brady Law, White House lobbying also played a role in the passage of the 1994 Crime Bill, which included the Public Safety and Recreational Firearms Use Protection Act, commonly known as the Federal Assault Weapons Ban. The law banned certain semi-automatic firearms with two or more specific design features, and also prohibited the manufacture of ammunition magazines that held over ten rounds.
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13174351
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arado%20Ar%2079
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Arado Ar 79
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The Arado Ar 79 was an aerobatic two-seat trainer and touring aircraft designed and produced by the German aircraft manufacturer Arado. It was the final civilian aircraft developed by the company.
The Ar 79 was developed during the mid-1930s as a successor to the Arado L I and Arado L II touring aircraft by the aeronautical engineer Walter Rethel. He designed a monoplane with a retractable tailwheel undercarriage that featured mixed construction, the forward fuselage was composed of fabric over steel tube while the rear fuselage was a monocoque structure. The Ar 79 was a relatively durable, light weight, and economical aircraft that possessed favourable flight characteristics. It had a fully-glazed cabin integral with the fuselage, a dedicated luggage compartment, and a pair of fuel tanks within the fuselage. While primarily intended as a civil aircraft, its use as a military trainer was not excluded.
First flying in April 1938, the Ar 79 promptly set multiple world speed records in their class that same year and was praised by high-ranking Nazi officials. Various German figured purchased individual aircraft, including Ernst Udet, Hanna Reitsch, Heinz Rühmann, Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach, and Stephan von Horthy. At least one was still airworthy as late as 1955.
Development
During the 1920s and early 1930s, the German aircraft manufacturer Arado had entered into the touring aircraft sector with the Arado L I and Arado L II. Their designer, the aeronautical engineer Walter Rethel, sought to develop a more capable successor during the mid 1930s. It is likely that the decision to proceed was strengthened by the position advocated by Hermann Göring, Chief of the Luftwaffe High Command, that Germans should be a nation of fliers; a favourable economic situation in Germany at that time would have also encouraged such undertakings.
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13174351
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arado%20Ar%2079
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Arado Ar 79
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Although it drew upon these earlier touring aircraft, the design team decided that this new aircraft, which would be designated Ar 79, would be designed for greater reliability, ruggedness, and economy. To promote the aircraft to civil customers, Arado committed to an extensive advertising campaign as a faster alternative to road and railway travel. Furthermore, while the Ar 79 was principally aimed at the civilian market, the aircraft's development was warmly received and promoted by the Reich Air Ministry, and its potential use for military applications was not ruled out.
The Ar 79 was a purpose-built touring and trainer aircraft, possessing excellent flight characteristics through its use of modern aerodynamic innovations. Through the use of split flaps, it could be flown at unusually slow speeds while, when correctly trimmed, stable hands-off flying could also be readily achieved. The Ar 79 was a fully aerobatic aircraft yet had a relatively low price amongst its contemporaries. Partially due to its light weight construction, the Ar 79 was a fuel-efficient aircraft that was capable of flying in excess of 1000 km without refuelling. Its standard powerplant, a single Hirth HM 504 A2 inline engine capable of 105 hp, was purpose developed for the aircraft and delivered more power than most competing aircraft.
A trade paper advertisement by I.G. Farben in May 1939 took advantage of the record-breaking flight from Libya to India in late 1938 (see § Operational history below) using the flight path as a background, and presented a breakdown of the materials used in the aircraft: wood 38.5%, Elektron (cast lightweight magnesium-aluminium alloy made by a subsidiary of I.G. Farben, used for engine crankcases) 25%, steel 10.5%, glass 8.5%, Dural (aluminium-copper alloy) 5.9%, Hydronalium (aluminium-magnesium alloy for casting, patented by I. G. Farben in 1938, possibly for pistons) 4.9%, fabric 3.2%, paint 2.5%, aluminium 1%.
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13174388
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zarzuela%20de%20Jadraque
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Zarzuela de Jadraque
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Zarzuela de Jadraque () is a municipality located in the province of Guadalajara, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. The town is considered to be an example of "arquitectura negra" or "black architecture" due to the traditional use of slate and other local dark stones in constructing homes and walls. Zarzuela de Jadraque was also historically called "Zarzuela de las Ollas" or "Zarzuela of the Jars/Amphora" due to a tradition of producing hand thrown pots and amphora from an abundance of local clay. The original pottery kiln is still visible on the outskirts of the town. The town has one religious building, the church of San Clemente Romano, a Romanesque style church dating to the thirteenth century and built on the edge of enormous stone boulders. Other historic buildings include a town hall, communal outdoor laundry washing building, livestock and horse watering fountain and cemetery. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 46 inhabitants although the population of the town swells in the summer and holiday months with descendants of past town dwellers who come to spend their vacations.
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13174399
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio%20Mohedano
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Antonio Mohedano
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Antonio Mohedano (1561–1625) was a Spanish painter of the Renaissance period.
It is assumed that he was born at Lucena, to a magistrate of Antequera, since he is referred to as a vecino of Antequera and a native (natural) of Lucena. He trained with Pablo de Céspedes, after his return to Córdoba in 1577. He started by painting " sargas" and the leathern hangings for rooms, which were then in general use. Having seen the frescoes of Julio and Alessandro, at Granada, and those of the Perolas, at El Viso, his admiration led him to copy many figures from those works, and to adopt that style of painting. Along with Alonso Vazquez, he painted frescoes for the great cloister of the Franciscans at Seville. In the Sacristy of Cathedral of Córdoba with the Perolas, he painted some now extant frescoes on devotional subjects.
It is not known where Mohedano lived; he may have moved from city to city, and from convent to convent, halting wherever he found occupation for his pencil. His last years, however, were spent at Lucena, where he painted for the high altar for the principal church, and where he died.
Two of his love-sonnets, of little interest, have been preserved in the anthology of his friend, Pedro de Espinosa, who also printed, in the same collection, a sonnet in his honour.
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13174401
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward%20G.%20Rohrbough
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Edward G. Rohrbough
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Edward Gay Rohrbough (January 4, 1874 – December 12, 1956) was a Republican United States Representative from West Virginia. He was born in 1874, near Buckhannon, West Virginia, in Upshur County, West Virginia. He served in the Seventy-eighth and Eightieth Congress. He died December 12, 1956.
He attended the public schools and West Virginia Wesleyan College at Buckhannon. He graduated from Allegheny College in Meadville, Pennsylvania, in 1900 and from Harvard University in 1906. He later studied at the University of Chicago, instructed at West Virginia Wesleyan College and instructed at West Virginia University at Morgantown, West Virginia. In 1900 and 1901 he taught school in Brookville, Pennsylvania, and at Glenville State Normal School from 1901 to 1907. He served as vice president of Fairmont State Teachers College in 1907 and 1908 and president of Glenville State Teachers College from 1908 to 1942. In 1908, he dually served as Glenville's first head football coach, compiling a 1–1–0 record.
He was elected to Congress in 1942. He was an unsuccessful candidate for re-election in 1944 but was again elected in 1946. His candidacy for re-election in 1948 was not successful. He died in Washington, D.C., on December 12, 1956, and was buried in Stalnaker Cemetery in Glenville, West Virginia.
Head coaching record
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13174516
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/121st%20Infantry%20Division%20%28German%20Empire%29
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121st Infantry Division (German Empire)
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The 121st Infantry Division (121. Infanterie-Division) was a formation of the Imperial German Army in World War I. The division was formed on March 25, 1915, and organized over the next several weeks. It was part of a wave of new infantry divisions formed in the spring of 1915. The division was disbanded in 1919, during the demobilization of the German Army after World War I.
The division was formed primarily from the excess infantry regiments of regular infantry divisions that were being triangularized. The 60th Infantry Regiment was formerly part of the 31st Infantry Division, the 7th Reserve Infantry Regiment came from the 9th Reserve Division, and the 56th Reserve Infantry Regiment came from the 13th Reserve Division. The division was mainly composed of Westphalians.
Combat chronicle
The 121st Infantry Division initially fought on the Western Front in World War I, entering the line in the Woëvre region at the beginning of May 1915. It remained in that area until March 1916, fighting in the Battle of Bois-le-Prêtre. It then fought in the Battle of Verdun. It briefly fought in the Battle of the Somme until July 18 when it was transferred to the Eastern Front, where it went into the line on the Styr River until the end of the year. It then went into the line near Lake Narač until May 1917, when it returned to the Western Front. It fought in the Battle of Passchendaele in late 1917, and saw action in the Second Battle of the Marne and the Second Battle of the Somme, also known as the Third Battle of the Somme, in 1918. It remained in the line until the end of the war. Allied intelligence rated the division as third class.
Order of battle on formation
The 121st Infantry Division was formed as a triangular division. The order of battle of the division on March 25, 1915, was as follows:
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13174653
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General%20People%27s%20Committee
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General People's Committee
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The General People's Committee (, al-lajna ash-sha'biyya al-'āmma), often abbreviated as the GPCO, was the executive branch of the government of Libya, during the existence of Muammar Gaddafi's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya. It served as the intermediary between the masses and government leadership and was composed of the Secretary-General and twenty secretaries of some 600 local Basic People's Congresses (BPC), GPCO members were elected by the country's parliament, the General People's Congress (GPC), and had no fixed terms.
The GPCO was the rough equivalent of the cabinet in many republics, constitutional democracies, and constitutional monarchies, as well as the Executive Board of the Libya's own subsequent National Transitional Council, which ultimately replaced the jamahiriya as Libya's dominant force in 2011, as a result of the First Libyan Civil War. The GPCO was scattered by the fall of Tripoli, with some of its members fleeing into exile, some becoming prisoners of war, and some remaining in Libya.
History
In March 1977, the General People's Congress (GPC) adopted the "Declaration on the Establishment of the Authority of the People" and proclaimed the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya. The people exercise authority through the people's committees, people's congresses, professional associations, and the GPC. Elections were direct, and all voting consisted of a show of hands or a division into yea-or-nay camps. Suffrage and committee or congress membership were open to all Libyan citizens eighteen years of age or older in good legal and political standing.
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13174653
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General%20People%27s%20Committee
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General People's Committee
|
In theory, the residents of each zone elected their own people's committee. Similarly, the residents of each branch municipality elected their own Basic People's Congress (BPC). The BPC members then elected a chairman and a five-member branch or municipal people's committee. The General People's Congress was made up of the chairmen of the BPC, the branch and municipal people's committees, and representatives of the people's committees for unions, professional associations and student unions. The GPCO replaced the former Council of Ministers, its members being referred to as secretaries rather than ministers. Legislative and executive authority was vested in the GPC. This body, however, delegated most important authority to its general secretary and General Secretariat and to the GPCO. Muammar Gaddafi, as general secretary of the GPC, remained primary policy maker. As a part of a decentralisation program undertaken during September 1988, all GPCO secretariats, except those responsible for foreign policy and information, were relocated away from Tripoli. In early 1993 it was announced that the Secretariat for Foreign Liaison and International Cooperation was to be moved to Ra's Lanuf.
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13174805
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubi%C3%A1n
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Lubián
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Lubián is a municipality located in the province of Zamora, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2018 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 302 inhabitants. It is one of the few bilingual municipalities in the province con Zamora. Its inhabitants habitually use Spanish as well as Galician.
Geography
The village is located to the northwest of the province of Zamora, next to the Galician province of Ourense, bordering the region of Viana, and close to the border with Portugal, at the same height as the historic region of Trás-os-Montes. It belongs to the so-called Alta Sanabria, a sub-region of the historical and traditional region of Sanabria. The towns of Aciberos, Chanos, Las Hedradas, Hedroso, Lubián and Padornelo are located within its municipal district.
Its geographical location, adjacent to Galicia and close to Portugal, has made it one of the few bilingual municipalities in the province of Zamora, as its inhabitants regularly use Spanish and Galician.
Its town center is crossed by the old N-525 road, now called ZA-106. There is also a new bypass of the N-525 and the A-52 or Rías Bajas highway. It has a conventional railway station, the Lubián station. At present the future High Speed Railway Line between Madrid and Galicia is being built, which will pass through the municipality, although in principle the construction of any station or stop is not foreseen.
The Mozarabe-Sanabrés Way
Lubián is the last municipality of the Camino Sanabrés as it passes through the province of Zamora. In this town the pilgrim finds the first of more than a hundred "stones", all different, made by the sculptor Carballo from Ourense and arranged along the route by the province of Ourense.
History
In the Middle Ages, with the advance of the Reconquista, Lubián was integrated into the Kingdom of León, where it later remained, a fact which, during the Modern Age, the documentation explicitly mentions Lubián's belonging to the Adelantamiento of the Kingdom of León.
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13174923
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morales%20del%20Vino
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Morales del Vino
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Morales del Vino is a municipality located in the province of Zamora, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2007 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 2,345 inhabitants.
Geography and climate
It is located near the river Duero, 5 km South of Zamora, in the Northern Plateau (700 m above sea level) of the Iberian Peninsula. Other cities that are near Morales del Vino are Salamanca, 56 km to the South, and 100 km to Valladolid. Not too far is Portugal, 60 km.
The landscape is mainly flat, with no hills around. The village is surrounded by a continental cereal, legume and sunflower farm land, with some irrigated areas close to the river where maize, sugarbeet and sunflowers are also cropped. There are not large forests around, although some scattered trees in the fields can be found in the rainfed land or some other riverside forests are near the Duero. In the area of the municipality you can find the 'Soto de Pontejos' poplar forests, with wild asparagus plants growing under the trees and among other thorny shrubs.
As the province of Zamora is located in the Northern Plateau of Spain, Morales has a Mediterranean-Continental climate. The main traits are the cold winters (-12 °C) and the hot summers (40 °C) and a long dry and sunny period around the summer only interrupted by some thunderstorms and some frequent rain in Spring and Autumn mainly. Some snow can happen in the winter but the most frequent phenomenon during winter is the fog that stays in the Duero valley producing very cold days (0 °C during the day, -5 °C during the night) with no sunshine for periods longer than one week. Apart from those days, sunshine in Morales is the predominant phenomenon.
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13174923
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morales%20del%20Vino
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Morales del Vino
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Etymology
The translation into English of the town name is 'Mulberry trees of the Wine', with no sense, but the fact that Morales is located in the Tierra del Vino (Wine Shire) gives the 'surname' of the village and the mulberry trees are not unusual in this territory. Tierra del Vino used to be known for its massive production of wine and the wide vineyards around. Decades ago vine diseases made them to nearly absolutely disappear but nowadays new agricultural techniques and the Quality Brand of the Tierra del Vino Wine have increased the amount of vineyards and the cellars that make the typically red wine from Tempranillo variety.
Population and social information
Morales population was over 2400 people at the beginning of 2007, but it has quickly increased recently due to its location close to Zamora, the capital of the province, and the good communication of the N-630 Ruta de la Plata road, that crosses the West of Spain, from Asturias to Andalucía. The roadworks that will end up with a new motorway, the A-66, are about to finish.
There are many new buildings in Morales del Vino due to the new population living there, and there are many new businesses and services in the village nowadays. Some of the new houses in the town are apartments but most of them are cottages or single houses with their own swimming pool and beautiful gardens. You can find in the town centre some shops and supermarkets, several bank branches, a petrol station, a chemist shop, several bars, press and lottery, fast food and some nice restaurants.
The main economic resource of Morales used to be farming, either cattle, sheep, pig or grassland farming. Nowadays, the village is bigger due to the people from Zamora who live in it because of the more tranquil environment, the lower property values, and the commodities available in Morales. There are many people employed now in bars, industry, offices and other services, but even now one finds a beautiful rural landscape around the village.
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13174923
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morales%20del%20Vino
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Morales del Vino
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Many areas of Northwest Spain are famous for the food. Morales del Vino is placed within some quality of origin demarcation for food, as the Zamorano Cheese, Zamorano Chorizo and Tierra del Vino Wine. Cheese and wine are the most representative products from these region and Morales holds two high quality cheese factories that can be visited. These factories produce cheese from the local sheep and cow milk. Visitors shouldn't leave Morales without tasting these local products. These products are essential in the daily diet of many , as the pulses and vegetables are too.
History, monuments and visitor attractions
The town was founded in the Middle Ages, when the church was built after the Christians recovered the land from the Moors, who stayed here several centuries, but no ruins are left now of their culture. The church has Gothic and Renaissance art style sculpture and building elements; especially noteworthy are the main chapter and the north entrance, with an unusual style for this area. It holds a magnificent baroque organ that scarcely played in religious celebrations that it is worth to listen.
There is also a little church on the road to Zamora, called El Cristo, where every May the 9th, the people from Morales, Zamora and other surrounding areas celebrate the Morales del Vino main festivity, El Cristo de Morales, a typical "romería" where one may taste very good "sangría", some of the best typical tapas and have a lot of fun in the attractions and in the bars, located in a yard close to the church, where is located the Christ, from the Middle Ages. In this festivity music plays an important role, and because the weather is not usually bad, young and old people celebrate the whole day in the yard drinking 'sangria' and tasting the tapas while the devotees visit the church and attend to the workshops.
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13174930
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moralina
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Moralina
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Moralina (also called Moralina de Sayago) is a municipality located in the province of Zamora, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 346 inhabitants. It is away from the city of Zamora. The village belongs to the Sayago county or comarca, and participates in the association Sayagua, which supplies the water and the recycling system in the whole county, as the municipies are too small and weak to maintain this kind of services by themselves.
The dominating landform in the area is the peneplain, with some streams eroding the surface in their path to the arribe, the canyon located at the east of the municipality. There are two old dehesas (an Iberian traditional form of pasturelands) called "Trabanquina" and "Requejo". Both, as many in this county, were sold to the municipalities between the 18th 19th centuries, and distributed among the inhabitants. That has disfigured the characteristics of both dehesas, changing the type of holding from a large estate to a small holding.
The economy is based in agriculture and husbandry (especially cows and sheep). Within last few years rural tourism has provided a new and hopeful source of income since the surrounding areas were declared as a natural reserve, called Arribes del Duero Natural Park. This declaration was justified by the high ecological value of the river Duero canyons (called "Arribes" in Sayago).
Although is suffering the effects of the general depopulation that involves the rural areas of the province, it is one of the most actives villages in the Sayago county. One example of this activity is the craft fair that takes place on every 15 August. Statistics show the mentioned depopulation since the rural flight started in Spain in the 1960s:
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13174964
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devala%2C%20India
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Devala, India
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Devala is a town in the Nilgiris district of Tamil Nadu. It is situated at about 17 km from Gudalur on the Gudalur–Pandalur road. It is close to the Kerala-Tamil Nadu border, with Nilambur on the Kerala side.
Devala is receiving the highest rainfall after cherrapunji in the world.
History
The Gudalur and Pandalur taluks of Nilgiris district one time together constituted the Southeast Wayanad. The total area of Gudalur and the neighboring town of Pandalur is approximately 124,800 acres. In medieval times, before the arrival of the British, the area was divided between three rulers: Vallavanoor, the leader of the Panniyas, Nelliarasi, another adivasi ruler, and the Nilambur Kovilakam, a kingdom based in present-day Kerala. Subsequently, the Kovilakam decided to expand its borders by conquering the other two areas. Vallavanoor was killed and Nelliarasi kidnapped and forced to hand over her lands. Despite some resistance from Vallavanoor's community, the Kovilakam succeeded in subjugating the area and taking approximately 100,000 acres under its control. Gudalur was actually a part of Kerala and Malabar District until 1877. In 1877, it was transferred to Nilgiris district only because of the heavy size of Malabar District and small size of Nilgiris district. Actually Gudalur was the southeastern region in Wayanad during the British rule. Though this Malayalam majority region was transferred to Nilgiris, the court and official language in this region continued to be Malayalam. In modern times, the recognized extent of the Kovilakam's holdings was 80,087 acres under the Malabar Tenancy Act, until 1969. This area is known as 'janmom' land. Kovilakam constructed a temple named Nambalakottai and handed over to Moundadan Chetty community. Chetty community is one of the oldest community in Gudalur where most of their community still have 'Rani Patta' as a proof of oldest community. They have their own tradition and languages.
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13174964
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devala%2C%20India
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Devala, India
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Pre-history
Historians believe that the human settlements existed in these parts for at least ten centuries before Christ. Much evidence of New Stone Age civilisation can be seen in the hills throughout the present day Wayanad district. The Edakkal Caves has 6000-year-old rock engravings from the Neolithic age. The recorded history of this district is available only from the 18th century. In ancient times, this land was ruled by the Rajas of the Veda tribe.
Ezhimala kingdom
In the earliest part of the recorded history of Gudalur region, Wayanad District, Kasaragod-Kannur-Wayanad-Kozhikode Districts in the northern part of present-day Kerala were ruled by the Nannans (Mushika dynasty) who later came to be known as the Kolathiris. Politically the area was part of the Ezhimala Kingdom with its Capital at Ezhimala in present-day Kannur district. The most famous King of Ezhimala was Nannan whose Kingdom extended up to Gudalur, Nilgiris and northern parts of Coimbatore. It is said that Nannan took refuge at Wayanad hills in 5th century CE when he was lost to Cheras, just before his execution in a battle, according to the Sangam works. Wayanad was a part of the Karkanad which included the eastern regions of Ezhimala kingdom (Wayanad-Gudalur areas including part of Kodagu (Coorg)). Karkanad along with Poozhinadu, which contained much of the coastal belt wedged between Mangalore and Kozhikode was under Ezhimala kingdom with the headquarters at Ezhimala.
Kolathunadu
The Mooshaka Kings were considered descendants of Nannan. By the 14th century, Mooshaka Kingdom was known as Kolathirinad and the Rulers as Kolathiris. The Kolathunad Kingdom at the peak of its power reportedly extended from
Kasaragod in the north to Korapuzha in the south with Arabian Sea on the
west and Kodagu hills on the eastern boundary.
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13175397
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe%20Axelson
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Joe Axelson
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Cincinnati Royals
On April 16, 1969, the Cincinnati Royals hired Axelson as the team's new general manager. The Royals, who were suffering from declining attendance, chose Axelson based on his reputation as a promoter with the NAIA. According to owner Max Jacobs, Axelson would be in charge of promoting the team while former GM Pepper Wilson, who was promoted to vice president, would handle player development, contracts, player transactions, and scouting. However, Wilson soon left the team to become the public relations director for the Cincinnati Zoo, leaving Axelson in charge. Soon after his hiring, Axelson commissioned a study on relocating the Royals to Kansas City, Missouri, where Axelson had worked with the NAIA and the Jacobs family controlled concessions.
In an effort to increase attendance, Axelson added 41-year old head coach Bob Cousy to the roster. Axelson traded Bill Dinwiddie and a draft pick to the Boston Celtics in exchange for Cousy's playing rights. That same year, Axelson dealt Jerry Lucas and Adrian Smith, whose style of play was not suited to Cousy's fast-break offense, to the San Francisco Warriors in separate trades. The Royals received Jim King and Bill Turner in exchange for Lucas and a 1970 2nd round pick in exchange for Smith. The team finished with a 36–46 record, their worst since the 1960–61 season. During the offseason, Axelson traded star Oscar Robertson for Flynn Robinson and Charlie Paulk, both of whom were not effective with the Royals. One game into the 1970–71 season, Axelson traded the team's third leading scorer from the previous season, Fred Foster, and Connie Dierking to the Philadelphia 76ers in exchange for Darrall Imhoff. Due to the loss of many of their popular players, the Royals only drew 4,600 fans to their 1970–71 home opener. Four days later the team's attendance dropped to 2,500.
| 1.953125
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13175484
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu-Bakr%20al-Mansouri
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Abu-Bakr al-Mansouri
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Dr. Abu Bakr Al-Mabrouk Al-Mansouri () is a Libyan politician who served as Secretary of the General People's Committee (GPCO) of the Secretariat for Agriculture, Animal Wealth and Marine Resources. Some of his responsibilities include addressing matters relating to food security, agricultural development and managing the Great Manmade River project.
Activities
On 25 March 2007, the Libyan Ministry of Agriculture hosted a two-day workshop organized by the Arab Maghreb Union where experts from Maghreb countries meet to discuss economic benefits of combating desertification and studied methods to revive interest and promote investment in the region. Experts from Tunisia, Morocco, Algeria, Mauritania, and Libya presented related research, exchanged experiences and various strategies.
During his opening address, Dr. al-Mansouri said severe weather conditions of desert areas and the shortage of resources has a direct effect on the agriculture development programs in the region and it is a threat to the Maghreb countries’ food production. He added that, "unsuitable agricultural practices and the misuse of land and irrigation water have contributed to the increase of desertification."
Working Relationships
Al-Mansouri works closely with Engineer Adnan Gebril, who is Director of Agricultural development at the GPCO for Agriculture. Other associates include Technofarm International, an American agricultural company working in Libya.
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13175491
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandalus%20platyceros
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Pandalus platyceros
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Pandalus platyceros, also called California spot prawn (as well as Santa Barbara spot prawn and Monterey Bay spot prawn) or Alaskan prawn, is a shrimp of the genus Pandalus.
Spot shrimp are a large shrimp found in the North Pacific. They range from the clean waters off Unalaska Island, Alaska, to San Diego.
The commercial spot prawn fishery along the British Columbia coast is considered sustainable as they "occur in sufficient numbers to support several small commercial and recreational fisheries" and provides the largest landed value to the BC shrimp fishery.
Distribution
Pandalus platyceros are found throughout the marine waters of the North Pacific Ocean. While found living from 3.7 meters to 457.2 meters, spot shrimp are most often found around 109.7 meters below sea level.
Description
Spot prawn reach up to 27 centimeters in length, with females often longer than their male counterparts. Spot shrimp have a translucent, reddish carapace with white stripes and pereopods and antennae which are banded dark and light red. Their first and fifth abdominal segments have white spots. They are protandric hermaphrodites, meaning they first turn into males, with their appendix masculina lengthening while maturing and then gradually shortening until they turn into females.
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13175500
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20River%20Freeway
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James River Freeway
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James River Freeway is a freeway located largely on the south side of Springfield, Missouri. Its western terminus is at Interstate 44 (I-44) north of Brookline and its eastern terminus is at U.S. Route 65 (US 65) in southeastern Springfield. It is named for the James River, which passes near the highway at the freeway's eastern terminus. A total of four highways (and one business route) are routed on the highway: Route 360, US 60, US 160, Route 13, and Business US 65.
Route description
The portion of the James River Freeway between I-44 and the interchange with US 60 and Route 413 is designated as Route 360. Other than its endpoints, there is only one interchange on the route: Route MM in Brookline (now part of Republic). Exit markers for the highway mark the road as the James River Freeway and have no control cities, only "To Route 60" eastbound and "To I-44" westbound.
The control cities between US 60 and US 65 are Republic westbound and Rogersville eastbound. At US 65, they are Springfield westbound and Cabool eastbound.
History
As Springfield began to expand to the south, traffic began to grow rapidly on Route M (known locally as Republic Road) causing significant traffic problems. A proposal for a new highway on the south side (I-44 is on the north, and US 65, also a freeway, is on the east) had been around for some time. By the early 1990s, the road was under construction. It opened in four sections:
Section 1
The first section connected US 160 (Campbell Avenue) with US 65. It took over a slightly reworked Glenstone Avenue which had been around previously and built not-quite to freeway standards. When the original highway had turned, an interchange was built and Glenstone Avenue turned west to become Republic Road. The new south outer road (east of the interchange) now became Glenstone Avenue. Republic Road also crosses over the same interchange and continues east. At this point, Route M was routed down the freeway and Republic Road became a city street.
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13175512
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism%20in%20the%20Maldives
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Buddhism in the Maldives
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Buddhism was the predominant religion in the Maldives until at least the 12th century CE. It isn't clear how and when Buddhism was introduced into the islands.
History
Western interest in the archaeological remains of early cultures on the Maldives began with the work of H. C. P. Bell, a British commissioner of the Ceylon Civil Service. Bell was shipwrecked on the islands in 1879, and returned several times to investigate ancient Buddhist ruins. He studied the ancient mounds, called havitta or ustubu (these names are derived from chaitiya or stupa) () by the Maldivians, which are found on many of the atolls.
Although Bell claimed that the ancient Maldivians followed Theravada Buddhism in the same manner as their Sinhalese ancestors from neighboring Sri Lanka, Maldivian Buddhist archaeological remains that were preserved in the Malé Museum display in fact Mahayana and Vajrayana iconography.
According to a legend of the Maldivian Folklore, a prince named Koimala from India or Sri Lanka entered the Maldives from the North (Ihavandhu) and became the first king from the House of Theemuge. Prior to that the Maldives had been settled by people of Dravidian origin from the nearest coasts, like the group today known as the Giravaaru who claim ancestry from ancient Tamils. It is unlikely that the Giraavaru islanders were the only early settlers in the Maldives. The importance they have been given is because they are mentioned in the legend about the establishment of the capital and kingly rule in Malé. The Giraavaru people were just one of the island communities predating Buddhism and the arrival of a Northern Kingly dynasty and the establishment of centralized political and administrative institutions.
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13175682
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonero%20el%20Mayor
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Carbonero el Mayor
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Carbonero el Mayor is a municipality located in the province of Segovia, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 2,469 inhabitants.
Etymology
The name Carbonero is derived from the Spanish word for charcoal, the region was previously covered in abundant oak forests, creating an industry for the manufacturing of charcoal through means of incomplete combustion. The word "Mayor" was added to the name in order to differentiate the municipality from nearby villages such as, Carbonero de Ahusín
History
Little evidence of the Iron Age has ever been discovered around Carbonero el Mayor but the municipality is situated in a region with significant celtiberian influence. Evidence of the Roman Empire has been discovered in Carbonero el Mayor in the form of Roman currency and the possible remains of a Roman road linking Segovia with Coca, Segovia.
Economy
The local economy is made up of a number of industries, namely food production (meat), ceramics, and traditional farming.
Production of ham is an important industry within Carbonero el Mayor. A notable local company, Monte Nevado, is well known for offering a high-quality Mangalica ham, a relative of the Iberian ham. Another company to be highlighted is Jamones Mariano Pascual, famed for its high-quality Ibérico ham and jamón serrano.
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13175741
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogonia%20coat%20of%20arms
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Pogonia coat of arms
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Pogonia is a Lithuanian and Polish coat of arms. It was used by several szlachta families in the times of the medieval Poland and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
History
The Pogonia coat of arms was firstly granted by King Władysław II Jagiełło in 1434 to Mikołaj, wójt of Lelów. It's an abatement of the Pogoń Litewska coat of arms and was granted to new members of the szlachta from the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
Blazon
The knights used to get distinctive badges in fights with enemies. The nobles used their coats of arms on shields, helmets, coats and flags. These badges were inherited from one generation to another. The knights were proud of the achievements of their ancestors. They didn't change anything in their badges except if they did some offence and were forced to change the heraldic sign on the shield. The oldest son inherited the coat of arms of family in West Europe, and must add some special changes in it. Four versions of coat of arms Pogonia are known in heraldry. They are different in color of shield. One is red, the other gold. In the gold shield there is an armour hand from blue cloud which holds the sword. The same hand with sword rises from the helmet.
The coat of arms is adorned with black bands with gold lining.
Notable bearers
Notable bearers of this coat of arms include:
Korecki Princes
Samuel Korecki
Pogonowski
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13175810
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El%20Espinar
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El Espinar
|
El Espinar is a Spanish town council and municipality located 65 kilometres away northwest from Madrid city centre, in the northern slope of the Sistema Central mountain range. It belongs to the province of Segovia and to the autonomous Community of Castile and León.
According to the 2024 census (INE), El Espinar has 10,145 inhabitants, being 5,103 men and 5,042 women.
The municipality has four urban districts or settlements that are physically separate from one another: El Espinar, San Rafael, La Estación de El Espinar and Los Ángeles de San Rafael. El Espinar, the oldest and the most populated one, gives the name to the entire local territory and has the municipality hall's headquarters. As of 2024, these 10,145 inhabitants are roughly distributed in the municipality as follows: 50% of population live in El Espinar district, 25% in San Rafael district, 15% in Los Ángeles de San Rafael district and 10% in La Estación de El Espinar district.
History
The documented history of El Espinar dates from the 11th century, even though the area has been inhabited since the Iron Age. In fact, in September 2016 was found the settlement of Canto Los Hierros in a nearby mountain located south of town, just at 1,700 metres above sea level. The settlement, dated back to the Iron Age and later reused and expanded by the Romans, covered about 70 hectares and included about 100 houses, few traces of walls and quite a lot of iron items. This kind of ancient settlement at such a high altitude is considered unique within Europe.
Before the arriving of the Romans, the area known today as the municipality of El Espinar probably was in the very eastern limit of the vettones territory.
During the rule of the Visigothic Kingdom, the area was not known as El Espinar, but as Gudillos, and then during the rule of Al-Andalus it received the name of Albarrana.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El%20Espinar
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El Espinar
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El Espinar is in the south of Segovia province. It's embedded by the mountains of the Sistema Central by the north, the east and the south, and only the west and the northwest are partially open to the lower lands of the high northern plateau.
The altitude from the entire local territory range from 2,197 metres at the peak of La Pinareja mountain to 1,050 metres above sea level by the Moros valley when leaving the local territory heading northwest, although the inhabited areas are located between 1,100 and 1,200 metres above sea level.
From the top of the mountains located at the eastern limit of the local territory, the high southern plateau, the skyline of Madrid and most of its western metropolitan area are easily seen during clear days. From the mountains located at the western and northern limits, there is a great view of the high northern plateau, whereas from those ones located at the southwest the Gredos mountains can be seen as well.
The three highest mountains are in the northeast: La Pinareja (2,197 m), Peña del Oso (2,196 m) and Montón de Trigo (2,161 m).
All the other peaks in the local territory are below 2,000 m, such as Cueva Valiente (1,904 m) and Cabeza Líjar (1,824 m) in the south, La Peñota (1,945 m) in the east and Caloco (1,567 m) in the west.
Except for a small area in the west that belongs to the Voltoya and to the Cofio bassin areas, most of the local territory of the entire council is located in the upper Moros valley, so the Moros river is a tributary of the Eresma, and then the Eresma is a tributary of the Duero. There are some beautiful natural swimming pools in the wild named as La Panera, just by the Moros river in the middle of the pine forest east of La Estación de El Espinar district.
There are more than 180 drinkable water springs within the territory of the entire local council and surrounding local councils.
Climate
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El%20Espinar
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El Espinar
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El Espinar has a mediterranean climate with strong continental influence because of its location in the centre of the Iberian Peninsula, and it is also modified by its high altitude.
According to the Köppen climate classification the inhabited areas have a Csb climate, therefore temperate with dry summers. There are not weather stations in the top of the nearby mountains, but a Dsb climate, just a colder version with dry summers as well, should be expected up there above 1,900 metres as temperature decreases with altitude.
Precipitation
Summer is the driest season, as few thunderstorms by their convective cumulonimbus clouds bring rain showers during July and August; on the other hand, rain coming from not towering vertical clouds during summer almost never happen, but certainly the rest of the year.
Late autumn is the rainiest season, whereas mid-spring is slightly less rainy. Late winter is a little bit dry than autumn and spring months, but is not bone dry like summer.
Wettest yearly average precipitation range from 700 to 1,000 mm, and driest ones range from 400 to 600 mm. Severe drought extending beyond summer months is not unheard of during driest years.
Unlike in the surrounding lower lands, as mid-spring in El Espinar tend to be a little bit rainier and colder, the grass usually keeps green until late May during dry late springs and to late June or even early July when late springs are rainier than average. Then, from late September onwards, when summer drought is over, the grass turns green again.
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El Espinar
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Maximum highs being lower than 0 °C (32 °F) for an entire day, or even during two or three consecutive days could happen during heavy cold waves, but only if northern winds bring strong, persistent low clouds with any sunshine at noon. Some winters four or five days like that are expected, but many others winters it only happens one day or even any at all.
Fauna and flora
The flora resembles pretty much mediterranean, but some deciduous trees also cover some areas within the local territory of El Espinar.
The southern and the eastern mountains are peculiarly wooded mainly by Pinus Sylvestris, whereas the northern and western areas are less wooded by oaks forming the so-called dehesa and by grasslands. The mountains above 1,900 metres are wooded by shrubland as winter there is harsh and long, whereas summer is short and dry, which prevents almost any type of big trees.
On the other hand, below 1,200 metres, there are some Populus alba narrow forests following the many streams that irrigate the whole area.
Wildlife is represented by many animals, such as roe deer, wild boar, badger, weasel, fox, Spanish imperial eagle, Eurasian black vulture and Graellsia Isabellae. White stork and their nests are pretty common not only in the pine forest but also in the churches and other buildings. Some years when autumn and winter are warmer than average they don't fly south heading to Africa.
The European cuckoos usually return every spring by mid-April, and they come back to Africa from late July to mid-August. Their beautiful song can be heard everywhere in the pine forest during the breading season.
There are not dangerous animals, except for the Lataste's viper and wild boar, but they only bit humans if disturbed heavily.
Some nomadic Iberian wolf small groups have been seen in recent years, especially in the western meadows of Campo Azálvaro, but they don't approach the urban settlements as they avoid humans.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El%20Espinar
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El Espinar
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Every of the four districts of town has its own characteristics:
El Espinar
The ancient neighbourhood of the district contains houses which commonly are one or two floors, although some remodelled houses now are three floors.
Other modern neighbourhoods that have been built in the 20th century are four floors high, but most of the modern neighbourhoods have semi-detached houses and individual houses with private gardens, especially in the eastern and southern areas of the district.
The tallest building, which is also the main sight, is the San Eutropio church, with its 18 metres approximately. It's a late Gothic church with some traces of Renaissance style and was designed using the Latin cross plan.
There is a lovely urban park named Parque Cipriano Geromini that is perfect for enjoy summertime shade because of the great trees.
San Rafael
The origin of this district dates back to 1790, when some houses were built besides the current crossroad between the N-6 and the N-603. However, the district gained popularity in the late 19th century and early 20th century when people from the former ruling class coming from Madrid started to build independent houses with gardens, some of them following a Swiss traditional style, and many of these houses still can be found today in the southern neighbourhoods. In fact, the urban alpine vibe, the nature scenery and the climate are the reason that the settlement of San Rafael is often known as "The Spanish Switzerland". Over the years, the district expanded with some real state developments made by residential flat buildings with four floors, but still the most common type of houses are individual and semi-detached ones.
The tallest building is the San Rafael church, with its approximately 12 metres altitude.
La Estación de El Espinar
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El Espinar
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El Espinar
The local festivity (fiestas) of El Cristo del Caloco are the most famous ones by far, and are celebrated during eight days in early September starting the second weekend of September.
The second most famous ones are the fiestas held in mid-August. Usually are celebrated during three or four days depending on what the town council schedule.
The Gabarreros festivity (Fiesta de los Gabarreros) is the third most important one. It's held in mid-March and include the felling of a single pine tree in the main square. Such event has its origin in the traditional way of life in the past, when forestry workers used to travel to the nearby pine forest for selectively choosing, felling and cutting mature pines, and then they had to carry them by using pack donkeys.
Saint Patrick's Day is celebrated in March as well since 2018, and mainly include live music, stands and people usually wear green clothes. It's one of the most important Saint Patrick's events in this part of central Spain outside the big cities. Unlike in Ireland, it is not a religious event.
The Vikings venue (Hispania de Los Vikingos) is held in early April. It is a Viking modern recreation with many exhibitions and funny outdoor activities. More than 8,000 people from Spain and other European countries have gathered during the 2023 edition.
During the first days of December a Christmas Market is organised in La Corredera square, and it's the largest one in the entire Segovia province.
The district also has a concert hall, known as Auditorio Menéndez Pidal, where all kind of concerts and performances take place almost every weekend. Thus, is the biggest one in Segovia province and can accommodate around 400 seated.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hontalbilla
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Hontalbilla
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Hontalbilla is a municipality located in the province of Segovia, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 391 inhabitants.
History
Records survive of the village from as far back as 1184 when it was named as "Fontalvella". In 1247 it is mentioned as "Fuent Alviella del Pinar" and then, in the sixteenth century, as "Hontalbilla". Even today spelling errors are frequently made whereby a "v" is substituted for the "b" in the name. However, the final part of the name comes from the name "Fuente Albilla" ("Albilla Spring") and has nothing to do with any villa.
The extent and quality of the pine trees in the area over the centuries is supported by many sources. In the middle of the nineteenth century Pascual Madoz, writing in his (Spanish) Historical Dictionary of Geography and Statistics ("Diccionario Geográfico-Estadístico-Histórico"), mentioned the large and high-quality Corsican pines from which were manufactured the best wood-based products in the land.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valcour%20Bay
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Valcour Bay
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Valcour Bay is actually a strait or sound, located between Valcour Island and the west side of Lake Champlain, four miles south of Plattsburgh, New York. It was the site of the Battle of Valcour Island during the American Revolutionary War. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1961 because of this association. Valcour Bay is located in the Towns of Peru and Plattsburgh, both in Clinton County, New York.
Description
Valcour Island, located in Lake Champlain, is roughly rectangular in shape, extending from its northern to southern tips. It is located about east of the New York state shoreline to the west. Valcour Bay is the body of water between the island and the mainland, with the landmarked area of the bay consisting of about . Both the island and the mainland shore have seen relatively little development since the area was of military importance in 1776.
In 1776, Benedict Arnold was placed in command of a Continental Navy fleet on the lake, composed mostly of small gundalows armed with three small cannons. After training with the fleet during the summer months, Arnold selected Valcour Bay as the place to meet the British Royal Navy fleet, which had taken longer to prepare for action. The bay's location required the British fleet to sail with the wind south past the island, and then turn to come upwind toward Arnold's fleet, which he arrayed in a crescent formation. Meeting in battle on October 11, the two fleets engaged in battle in which both sides suffered some damage, but left the American fleet in a precarious position, with little ammunition and separated from its base by the British presence. The Americans were able to escape that night, but most of their fleet was abandoned, sunk, or captured over the next two days.
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13176235
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa%20Mar%C3%ADa%20la%20Real%20de%20Nieva
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Santa María la Real de Nieva
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Santa María la Real de Nieva is a municipality located in the province of Segovia, Castile and León, Spain, about 30 km (18 mi) northwest of Segovia town. According to the 2010 census (INE), the municipality had a population of 1,193 inhabitants.
Villages
This municipality includes 14 villages:
Aragoneses
Balisa
Hoyuelos
Jemenuño
Laguna Rodrigo
Miguel Ibáñez
Ochando
Paradinas
Pascuales
Pinilla-Ambroz
Santa María la Real de Nieva
Santovenia
Tabladillo
Villoslada
The History
All its villages, except Santa María la Real de Nieva village, were repopulated in the 11th century after the region's Reconquista, during the reign of Alfonso VI of León and Castile. Santa María la Real de Nieva village was founded in 1395 by King Henry III, by the mediation of his wife Catherine of Lancaster. The town's founding was due to the finding of a buried wooden sculpture of Mary three years before, probably hidden since muslem invasion, in a piece of open ground where the village is now. This fact was considered a miracle, and the Queen ordered the building of a sanctuary and a village around it, to the worship of this Virgin's image, called Soterraña, an old Spanish word that means 'subterranean'. The Crown proclaimed some privileges to foster the settlement in the village on 1395 and 1407, like tax and conscription exemptions.
During her stay in Santa María la Real de Nieva, Queen Blanche I of Navarre died on April 1, 1441, and she was buried at its church.
On October 28, 1473, King Henry IV called a meeting of the Courts of Castile at Santa Maria's monastery.
During the revolt of the Comuneros in 1520, Rodrigo Ronquillo, chief of royal troops in the area, set his headquarters in Santa Maria la Real de Nieva, and lost a battle near the town.
In the 1834 territorial reorganization of Spain, Santa María la Real de Nieva became one of the five legal districts in Province of Segovia.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellowtail%20trumpeter
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Yellowtail trumpeter
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The yellowtail trumpeter (Amniataba caudavittata) (also known as the flagtailed terapon, yellowtail grunter and yellow-tailed perch) is a common species of coastal marine fish of the grunter family, Terapontidae. The yellowtail trumpeter is native to Australia and Papua New Guinea, ranging from Cape Leeuwin in Western Australia along the north coast to Bowen, Queensland, and along the southern coast of Papua New Guinea.
Taxonomy
The yellowtail trumpeter is one of three species in the genus Amniataba, which is one of fifteen genera in the grunter family, Terapontidae. The grunters are Perciformes in the suborder Percoidei. Despite its common name, the yellowtail trumpeter has no relation to the 'true' trumpeters of the family Latridae.
The species was first described by Richardson in 1844 as Terapon caudavittatus, before he republished the species under the names Datnia caudavittata, Amphitherapon caudavittatus, and the currently accepted binomial name of Amniataba caudavittata. Castelnau redescribed it once again as Therapon bostockii in 1873. All names except Amniataba caudavittata are invalid under the ICZN rules.
Description
The yellowtail trumpeter can grow to a maximum length of 28 cm, but it is usually around 15 cm. The body is deep in profile and is compressed laterally. The upper jaw is slightly longer than the lower. The first gill arch has 6 to 8 gill rakers on the upper limb and 12 or 13 on the lower. The dorsal fin has 12 or 13 spines and 8 to 10 soft rays; the spinous part of the dorsal fin is curved, with the fifth spine being the longest, and the final spine the shortest. The anal fin has 3 spines and 8 or 9 soft rays, with the second anal-fin spine longer than the third, but shorter than the longest anal-fin rays. The pored scales in the lateral line number 46 to 54 with 7 to 9 rows of scales above the lateral line and 17 to 19 below it.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellowtail%20trumpeter
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Yellowtail trumpeter
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The upper body is grey and spotted, and the lower has only light pigmentation. Some individuals have 5 or 6 incomplete vertical bars extending from around the dorsal fin to the level of the pectoral fins. The fins are generally yellow in colour, with varied dusting and blotching. The spinous dorsal fin has irregular spotting and a faint duskiness distally, but does not exhibit a distinct patch of dark pigmentation. The soft dorsal fin is dusky at the base. The spinous portion of anal fin is also slightly dusky. The caudal fin is spotted basally, with a distinct black blotch across each lobe.
Habitat
The species is known to tolerate a very wide range of salinities, from fresh river waters to hypersaline waters found in some areas of Shark Bay. It often inhabits estuarine waters along the Western Australian coast, as well as sand and seagrass beds in inshore and offshore waters of the continental shelf.
Biology
The yellowtail trumpeter is a seasonal inhabitant of many estuaries in Western Australia, with the species most abundant in summer due to substantial recruitment of juveniles following the spawning period in early summer. During colder months, it tends to move into deeper offshore waters to avoid the large influxes of fresh water entering the estuaries from upland river systems.
Evidence suggests that the yellowtail trumpeter naturally hybridises with another species of freshwater terapontid, Leiopotherapon unicolor, on occasion.
Diet
The fish is a benthic omnivore, preying mainly on algae, crustaceans, and polychaetes. Its diet changes with age; older fish eat more polychaetes.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faint%20little%20ball
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Faint little ball
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Faint little ball (flb) is a Drosophila gene that encodes the Drosophila epidermal growth factor receptor (DER) homolog. The gene is also called torpedo and Ellipse. The gene is located at 3-26 of the Drosophila melanogaster genome. It is named faint little ball because when the gene is mutated the embryo forms a ball of dorsal hypoderm. flb is necessary for several processes to occur during embryonic development, specifically in central nervous system development. It is expressed as quickly as 4 hours after fertilization of the egg. The peak of expression of the flb gene is between 4–8 hours into development. In all processes that are facilitated by flb the same signal transduction pathway is used. Drosophila EGF receptor is involved in the development of embryos as well as larvae/pupae's wings, eyes, legs and ovaries.
Interactions
Whether looking at development in embryos or larvae/pupae, DER relies on several ligands to carry out its function. These are called SPITZ, ARGOS and Gurken. The efficiency of DER corresponds with the sum of these three ligands. As of yet the exact purpose of these ligands in the pathway of DER is unknown, but when expression of these ligands is altered from normal, aberrant phenotypes of the embryos can be observed. When DER is over utilized in the cell because of increases in ligand, phenotypic abnormalities can be visualized such as hyperplasia of the head midline structures. The flb gene also has interactions with the proteins Rhomboid and Star. Rhomboid is a protease that cleaves ligands such as Spitz so that they can come into contact with receptors such as DER and begin activate a signal transduction pathway.
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Faint little ball
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Function
Expression of the flb gene can be seen as early as four hours into the development of Drosophila melanogaster. At four hours the gene is facilitating the retraction of the germ band as well as structuring the beginnings of the CNS. At six hours the gene is used to differentiate epidermal cells to secrete denticle belts which begin segmentation of the larva. At nine hours the gene is used for the differentiation of midline glial cells. When this gene is mutated or any of its interactions are altered phenotypes such as fused commissures can be seen as a result of improper segregation.
Mutation
When the flb gene is mutated, several phenotypic abnormalities during development can be viewed. The first is that the embryo will form a ball of dorsal hypoderm. This is because flb is responsible for the formation of the ventral cuticle. Without the complete formation of the ventral cuticle only dorsal structures will be present. Since flb plays a role in the formation of the CNS and the eye, head structures will be underdeveloped or not present at all. Another function of the gene is to retract the germ band. This will not occur if the flb is mutated. There are other hypomorphic alleles that also contribute to the retraction of the germ-band, which allow for a spectrum of severity in the phenotype of embryos but they will not recover the Wild Type phenotype completely. This gene is necessary for the development of embryos and if it is not expressed in the appropriate way, it is lethal to the embryo.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Association%20of%20Secondary%20School%20Principals
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National Association of Secondary School Principals
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The National Association of Secondary School Principals (NASSP) is a national organization of and voice for middle level and high school principals, assistant principals, and aspiring school leaders from across the United States and more than 45 countries around the world. The association currently serves more than 27,000 members.
History
In existence since 1916, NASSP's mission is to promote excellence in school leadership. In February 2011 the organization replaced its old logo. The new logo returns to the initials NASSP and adopts the tagline "Leading Schools". The association is now extending its support of the principal by providing resources and professional development for the whole leadership team.
NASSP aims to help advance middle level and high school education by promoting high professional standards, focusing attention on school leaders' challenges, providing a "national voice" for school leaders, building public confidence in education, strengthening the role of the principal as instructional leader, and publicizing the issues and interests of members in the news media.
School reform
In 2011 NASSP released Breaking Ranks: The Comprehensive Framework for School Improvement, which emphasizes flexibility and adaptability to different school contexts and aims to foster a customized solution unique to each school to improve student achievement. Student success is directly related to long-term school improvement efforts, so this framework is readily applicable to any grade level, K–12. This is the sixth publication of the Breaking Ranks series.
NASSP annually recognizes principals, assistant principals, schools, students, and advisers from across the country for their leadership and for making positive, significant differences in schools and communities.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Association%20of%20Secondary%20School%20Principals
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National Association of Secondary School Principals
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Student programs
NASSP promotes the intellectual growth, academic achievement, character and leadership development, and physical well-being of youth. The association founded and administers the following student leadership programs to further these goals.
NHS/NJHS
The National Honor Society (NHS) and National Junior Honor Society (NJHS) are the nation's leading organizations established to recognize outstanding high school and middle-level students. NHS and NJHS serve to honor those students who have demonstrated excellence in the areas of scholarship, leadership, service, and character (and citizenship for NJHS). These characteristics have been associated with membership in the organization since their beginnings in 1921 and 1929. NASSP is the parent organization for both NHS and NJHS.
NEHS
The National Elementary Honor Society (NEHS) was established in 2008 by NASSP in cooperation with the National Association of Elementary School Principals (NAESP) to recognize elementary students in both public and non-public elementary schools for their outstanding academic achievement and demonstrated personal responsibility, to provide meaningful service to the school and community, and to develop essential leadership skills in the students of elementary schools.
NatStuCo
The National Student Council (NatStuCo), formerly the National Association of Student Councils (NASC), was established in 1931 with the goal of helping middle level and high school student councils become more effective organizations. NatStuCo seeks to provide a valuable leadership partnership between students and their school. It creates the opportunity for students to become effective leaders, thus encouraging and influencing a positive school climate.
NatStuCo is a program of NASSP. Its operation and administration are at the national office in Reston, VA. An Advisory Committee—whose membership includes students, advisers, and principals appointed by the NASSP Board of Directors—provides input and advice to NatStuCo staff.
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National Association of Secondary School Principals
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NatStuCo seeks to promote civil service among students within the school and community. The organization provides leadership training for student council members and advisers.
Each year, NatStuCo hosts a national conference for activities directors and students across the country. The conference features youth motivational speakers and workshop presenters.
School programs
Breakthrough Schools
In 2007, NASSP received a grant from MetLife Foundation and merged two programs, Breakthrough High Schools and Bridge Builders, to form Breakthrough Schools. Previously, the Breakthrough High Schools program recognized schools that were defying the odds and succeeding despite predictors of low student achievement. The Bridge Builders program recognized middle level and high school principals who had implemented proven strategies to create connections between their faculty and surrounding communities. From 2008 to 2014, Breakthrough Schools program annually recognized 10 US middle and high schools that serve large numbers of students living in poverty and are high achieving or dramatically improving student achievement.
Although the program was paused in 2015 and 2016, in 2017, NASSP reevaluated the 39 Breakthrough Schools recognized between 2011 and 2014 and found that 26 of the schools had continuously sustained their student achievement, and redesignated them as Breakthrough Schools.
Winners are chosen based on a school's documented success in implementing strategies aligned with the three core areas of NASSP's school improvement model, the Breaking Ranks Framework. The core areas include collaborative leadership; personalization; and curriculum, instruction, and assessment.
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13176499
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81greda
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Ágreda
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Ágreda is a municipality located in the province of Soria, in the autonomous community of Castile and León, Spain.
Ágreda is the regional services center in the Northeast of the province of Soria. Its abundant heritage as well as the local fiestas of the Virgin, and the Archangel Michael attract many tourists.
History
In the current location of the town there was an ancient Celtiberic settlement. During the Middle Ages Ágreda became more significant as a strategic border location between the kingdoms of Castile and Aragon, as well as an important center of the arts and handcrafts where Christians, Jews and Arab-descendants lived in peace. Ágreda is therefore known as the town of the three cultures.
The renowned abbess María de Jesús was born in Ágreda and resided there throughout her life. She was named a Venerable of the Roman Catholic Church shortly after her death in 1665, but has not yet been beatified or officially canonized as a saint. She was well known as a visionary of her times, and as a counselor to King Philip IV through a correspondence that lasted throughout each of their lifetimes and is documented in over six hundred letters between them. Over the years the king gave the abbess a few commemorative gifts which are on display today in the convent, yet there seems to be no undue favoritism to the region because of their friendship.
Demography
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldealices
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Aldealices
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Aldealices is a municipality located in the province of Soria, Castile and León, Spain. As of 2018 it had a population of 34 people. Aldealices lies on the SO-P-1206 provincial road which connects it to Castilfrío de la Sierra in the north and Aldealseñor in the south. It contains the Gothic Parroquia de Santa Maria Magdalena church.
History
In the 1528 Census of Pecheros, in which there were no ecclesiastics, hidalgos and nobles, 19 pecheros (family units that paid taxes) were recorded. Previously spelled "Aldeahelizes", it formed part of the sexmo of San Juan.
Geography
This small municipality in the Comarca de Tierras Altas is located in the north of the province. The Merdancho River, a tributary of the Duero River, flows through the area, to the south of the Sierra del Rodadero. Aldealices lies on the SO-P-1206 provincial road which connects it to Castilfrío de la Sierra in the north and Aldealseñor in the south.
Landmarks
The village contains the Parroquia de Santa Maria Magdalena church. The church is built in the Gothic style and features a Romanesque baptismal font inside. About one kilometre southeast of Aldealices are the remains of an old Celtiberian castle, Los Castellares.
Culture
The principal festivals held in the municipality are Assumption of Mary (August 14th) and San Roque (August 15th), and a festival in honour of the local patron saint, Santa María Magdalena (September 23rd).
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13176563
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almaz%C3%A1n
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Almazán
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Almazán () is a municipality located in the province of Soria, Castile and León, Spain. As of 2013, the municipality has a population of 5,843 inhabitants. It is also the seat of the judicial district of Almazán, and ecclesiastically it belongs to the Diocese of Osma, a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Burgos. Connected via the Autovía A-15 and Carretera nacional N-111, it is situated by road northeast of Madrid. The town lies on the east bank of the Duero river.
History
In the early 10th century, fortifications were built along the Duero at Soria and Almazán. In 1068, Almazán was conquered by the Christians of Alfonso VI of León, but soon after was recovered for al-Ándalus. In 1128, it was repopulated by Alfonso I, although after his death in 1134, the town fell into Castilian hands and was granted by Alfonso VII of León to the bishops of Sigüenza. In 1158, Sancho III of Castile created the Almazán la Orden de Caballería de Calatrava. The Church of San Miguel was built in the 12th century. In the late 13th century, civil war broke out, involving Sancho IV of Castile, who claimed the throne of Castile, and Alfonso de la Cerda, a liberal. In 1305, after various conflicts, Almazán was returned to the Castilian crown, and then in 1375, a peace agreement was signed between Pedro IV of Aragon, King of Aragon, and Henry II, king of Castile.
Almazán was divided into two townships, and the town became ruled by the Mayor, assisted by six aldermen, three class gentlemen and three good men of the town. It was visited by important figures in the Catholic Church several times over the years. On March 12, 1648,
the playwright Tirso de Molina died in the convent of the Merced and presumably lies in the convent cemetery.
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13176565
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Curse%20of%20the%20Monolith
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The Curse of the Monolith
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"The Curse of the Monolith" is a short story by American writers L. Sprague de Camp and Lin Carter, featuring the fictional sword and sorcery hero Conan of Cimmeria created by Robert E. Howard. It was first published in the magazine Worlds of Fantasy in 1968 as "Conan and the Cenotaph".
Plot summary
Conan is a mercenary serving in the army of the empire of Turan. Having attained the rank of captain, he has been chosen by King Yildiz to lead some cavalry and deliver a letter of friendship to King Shu of Kusan, a minor kingdom in the east. Shu sends Conan back to Turan with a formal letter of acceptance and provides him with a high noble of his own court, Duke Feng, to act as a guide and escort. However, unknown to both Conan and King Shu, Feng is a member of an isolationist political party known as the Golden Pheasant, which is against all contact between Kusan and the nations of the west. Determined to prevent Conan from delivering the letter of treaty back to Turan, Feng employs a ruse against Conan with a tale concerning the nearby tomb of a king which is supposed to contain a hoard of treasure. He tells Conan that if he should help him receive the treasure while his men are asleep, Feng will share half of what they find, to which Conan, although suspicious, agrees.
| 2.34375
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13176598
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baraona
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Baraona
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Baraona (alternative spelling Barahona) is a municipality located in the province of Soria, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 211 inhabitants.
It was credited in Spanish folklore as being a site where an Akelarre or Witches' Sabbath was held regularly and, as such, was the subject of an inquisition in 1527 (as documented in the trials recorded in the Tribunal de la Inquisición de Cuenca) - the village has the alternative name Barahona de las Brujas (Barahona of the Witches). It is the site of the curious holed stone known as La Piedra de las Brujas or El Confesionario de las Brujas ("Witches' Stone" or "Witches' Confessional") which bears an incised cross - thought to sanctify a monolith deemed to have unhallowed associations.
Mention is made of the village's reputation as a well-known site of the Witches' Sabbath in the Spanish Golden Age play Lo que quería el Marqués de Villena ('What the Marquis of Villena wanted') by Francisco Rojas Zorilla (1607-1648) of Toledo. This takes the form of an exchange concerning the flying ointment between the eponymous Marquis and the character Zambapalo (= 'Yokel' ?)
The witchcraft associations of the village also form the subject of a late 20th century play by Spanish dramatist Domingo Miras (born 1934), entitled Las Brujas de Barahona ('The Witches of Baraona' ,1978).
| 2.359375
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13176609
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barcones
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Barcones
|
Barcones is a municipality located in the province of Soria, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality had a population of 42.
History
That it was an ancient population center is attested by the numerous traces of human settlement dating from prehistory.
Along the Atienza road, before crossing the river, there are cisterns, foundations and excavations in the reddish sandstone which is typical of this part of Castile and is relatively easily worked.
Between the town and the hermitage of Barconcitos, a section of an excavated road can be seen cut into the sandstone. It is said that in some houses there can also be found cellars and caves as well as passages that nobody knows yet where they lead.
Following the Reconquista, Barcones belonged to the extensive Alfoz (municipality) of Atienza and later to the Senorio de Paredes.
At the fall of the Antiguo Régimen the town was constituted as a municipality in the region of Castilla la Vieja which, in the 1842 census, had 171 homes and 524 residents.
| 2.296875
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13176827
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo%20Lake
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Hugo Lake
|
Hugo Lake is manmade lake located east of Hugo, in Choctaw County, Oklahoma, United States. It is formed by Hugo Lake Dam on the Kiamichi River upstream from the Red River. The dam is visible from U.S. Route 70, which crosses its spillway just west of Sawyer. Lake Hugo features approximately of shoreline and covers over , or . Its normal pool elevation is above sea level and its normal storage capacity is . At flood stage its elevation is at above sea level and it is capable of storing of flood waters. The lake's primary functions are to provide flood control, water storage, and recreational opportunities.
The nearest major cities to Lake Hugo are Fort Smith, Arkansas (101 miles), Dallas, Texas (114 miles) and Oklahoma City, Oklahoma(151 miles).
History
Authorized by the Flood Control Act of 1946 and Flood Control Act of 1962 construction on the dam began in October 1967. The US Army Corps of Engineers completed the project in January 1974 at a cost of approximately $37,000,000.
The US Army Corps of Engineers established Kiamichi Park on the lake just west of the dam site in 1974. The park was cut in half part of it still belonging to the US Army Corps of Engineers and the other was leased to the State in 2002 it was renamed Hugo Lake State Park. The park currently covers .
Recreation
The south of the lake nearest to the dam are clear of obstructions and provide recreational opportunities for watersports such as boating and water skiing. The state park provides cabins, hiking trails, and a 56-slip marina.
The north end of the lake is not cleared and contains dead tree stumps in the water. These stumps provide cover for the fish and ideal conditions for anglers. Hugo Lake features excellent crappie fishing and populations of bass and catfish.
| 2.34375
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13176892
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elysia%20crispata
|
Elysia crispata
|
Elysia crispata, common name the lettuce sea slug or lettuce slug, is a large and colorful species of sea slug, a marine gastropod mollusk.
The lettuce slug resembles a nudibranch, but it is not closely related to that clade of gastropods; it is classified as a sacoglossan.
Description
This species is called the lettuce slug because it is often green in color, and it always has a very frilly edge to its parapodia. This makes the slug resemble the curly kinds of lettuce, such as the lollo rosso variety. The maximum length of this species is about 5 cm and 3 cm in width.
The lettuce slug is extremely variable in color: it can also be blue, or very pale with red lines or yellow lines.
Distribution
This species lives in the tropical parts of the western Atlantic, and the Caribbean faunal zone. They are found in more coastal and tropical reef areas where the water is shallow and clear.
Diet
E. crispata can be either heterotrophic or autotrophic throughout their lifespan. As juveniles, food is consumed and digested quickly, with little chloroplast retention. Upon reaching maturity, kleptoplasty becomes an important energy source. The primary food source of E. crispata is relatively unknown, although some individuals have been known to consume a diversity of algal species such as Vaucheria litorea, Caulerpa verticillata, Caulerpa racemosa, Halimeda discoidea, Halimeda incrassate, Halimeda monile, and Penicillus capitatus; C. verticillata being suitable for a limited amount of time. This diversity in food sources is a different characteristic compared to other Sacoglossan’s who are specialized for one species of algae, and gives E. crispata a survival advantage when food is depleted or sparse. Chloroplasts within their parapodia (fleshy dorsal protrusions) continue to produce energy products through carbon fixation throughout their life and have been found to function efficiently for a little over a month.
Kleptoplasty
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13176892
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elysia%20crispata
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Elysia crispata
|
Also known as chloroplast symbiosis, kleptoplasty is the energy-providing mechanism that gives the Sacoglossan’s the nickname, “solar-powered sea slugs”, and E. crispata the name, “lettuce sea slug.” As algal food is being digested, the chloroplasts are absorbed into the cells lining the digestive tract and up into their parapodia. How many chloroplasts the slug sequesters and the length of retention depends on the individual species of slug. Chloroplast retention in E. crispata tends to last around 40 days. Given the variation in their diet, chloroplasts from different algal species have been found to be taken up into the same cells, functioning normally alongside the other.
E. crispata is closely related to E. chlorotica, both having a long-term chloroplast retention ability, where other species within the same genus tend to have more short-term retention. This ability makes it possible to withstand long periods of time without food. In the absence of food, E. crispata will invest energy trying to find food rather than slowing down and conserving energy. Although it hasn’t been exclusively studied for this organism, one possibility of the mechanism behind long-term retention is due to the amount of extracellular components which prolong chloroplast activity, depending on the species of algae eaten. As E. crispata continues to consume food, the chloroplasts ingested will continuously replace older chloroplasts while food is available. Their long-term retention is an evolutionary adaption which allows a greater chance of survival during drastic environmental changes.
Reproduction
Very little is known of the mating behaviors of E. crispata. Typically the egg mass is laid on flat, upright algae, and embryo development takes about 15 days. Eggs are very small, between 106–113 micrometres, and eggs vary in average size by location.
| 3.328125
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13176905
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20States%20Army%2C%20Japan
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United States Army, Japan
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United States Army, Japan (USARJ) is a Major Command of the United States Army. It operates port facilities and a series of logistics installations throughout Honshū and Okinawa. USARJ participates actively with the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force in bilateral training exercises and the development of bilateral plans. It commands and supports United States Army assigned units, attached units, and augmentation forces and employs these forces in support of the commander. USARJ maintains and strengthens the credibility of deterrent power in the Pacific through maintenance of defense facilities, war reserves and operational project stocks. USARJ is headquartered at Camp Zama.
As the Army Component Command to United States Forces Japan (USFJ) and as a Major Subordinate Command of United States Army Pacific (USARPAC), United States Army Japan (USARJ)/I Corps (Forward) is responsible for providing support of Article V (Defense of Japan) and VI (ensuring regional stability) of the U.S.-Japan Mutual Security Treaty.
It serves as a forward stationed Army headquarters. It supports regional security cooperation activities with the Japan Ground Self Defense Force, contributing to the security of Japan and the maintenance of peace and security in the Far East, and provides communities of excellence and installation operations that support Soldiers, Civilians, and their Families.
Units
The following units make up US Army Japan:
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13176905
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20States%20Army%2C%20Japan
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United States Army, Japan
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In May 1972, the reversion of Okinawa to Japanese control resulted in the realignment of the Army's Pacific commands, with HQ USARJ absorbing elements for Okinawa, adjusting the command chain. IX Corps was transferred from Okinawa, and collocated with this command, to become HQ USARJ/IX Corps.
In July 1974, a USARJ reorganization established three subordinate commands: U.S. Army Garrison, Honshu (USAGH); U.S. Army Garrison, Okinawa (USAGO); and the U.S. Army Medical Department Activity-Japan, (MEDDAC-JAPAN).
In January 1975, with the discontinuance of USARPAC, USARJ was designated a major Army command, reporting directly to the Department of the Army.
In August 1990, USARPAC was reestablished. USARJ became a major subordinate command of that headquarters, as well as continuing as the Army Component Command of U.S. Forces, Japan (USFJ). In 1994, IX Corps was replaced by 9th Theater Army Area Command. In November 1999, it was redesignated the 9th Theater Support Command (TSC). There were several minor reorganizations and redesignations over the next decade, so that by September 2001, USARJ consisted of logistics bases in Japan and Okinawa.
In September 2007, the 9th TSC was inactivated. In December 2007, I Corps (Forward) was activated in Japan in line with the Army's transformation efforts. USARJ remains headquartered at Camp Zama, where it engages in numerous bilateral activities with the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force (JGSDF), and performs duties as United States Forces Japan's Army Component Command.
Command of the 78th Signal Battalion remained with the Hawaii-based 516th Signal Brigade (formerly 1106th) and operational control remains with the commander, USARJ/9th TAAC and since December 2007, USARJ/I Corps (Forward).
| 2.078125
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13176922
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordon%20Splits
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Gordon Splits
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The Gordon Splits is a notable section of gorges of the Gordon River, located in South West Tasmania, Australia. The once impassable gorges are situated on the lower Gordon River in the Franklin-Gordon Wild Rivers National Park, part of the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area. The splits has also been an important location of focus within the larger environmental campaign for wilderness preservation in South West Tasmania.
Location and features
The earlier works of Charles Whitham and others suggested that the river went underground at some point. It was not until in 1928 that three piners (J.Hadmar Sticht, G.W. Harrison and Charles Abel) were described as having passed through them in March of that year.
It was reported in the Mercury newspaper of 12 April 1928 under the title The Gordon River - Exploration of the Splits - Showplace of Tasmania - Sprent Falls alone worth the trip.
The section of river is very difficult to access and apart from Olegas Truchanas, Les Southwell and Peter Dombrovskis - few others are known to have successfully traversed the section in the time of European presence in Tasmania. Following the initial journey by Truchanas in 1954 and the complete journey in 1958 through the splits, the photographs taken by Truchanas were destroyed in the 1967 Tasmanian fires. Southwell and others in the 1970s tended to free float on an inflatable water mattress through the splits to alleviate some of the issues arising from using fixed structure boats travelling through.
Photographs by Truchanas, Les Southwell, and Dombrovskis show the steep narrow nature of the splits dramatically in their photographs. More recent aerial photographs can be found like Joe Shemesh's in the Huon Pine book of Kerr and McDermott.
Later description
Geraldine Brooks wrote a piece in the National Times of 24–30 May 1981 which Peter Thompson quoted in his Power in Tasmania as an evocative overview of the splits and their context.
| 2.078125
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13176924
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphibian%20Ark
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Amphibian Ark
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The Amphibian Ark (or AArk) is an organization that focuses on the conservation of amphibian populations by planning and implementing ex situ programs in zoos and wildlife organizations around the world.
Background
The Amphibian Ark (or AArk) was formed in 2007 by three principle partners: the World Association of Zoos and Aquariums (WAZA), the IUCN/SSC Conservation Planning Specialist Group (CBSG), and the IUCN/SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (ASG) in response to extreme declines in wild amphibian populations.
The AArk was formed to address and carry out the ex situ components of the Amphibian Conservation Action Plan (ACAP). Specifically, the AArk was formed to establish, maintain, and assist captive populations of amphibian species, focusing on those that cannot be safeguarded in nature, with the goal of using these collections to stabilize or re-establish wild populations. To accomplish its mission, Amphibian Ark’s staff coordinate ex situ amphibian programs implemented by partners around the world, with the first emphasis on programs within the range countries of the species, and the second emphasis on housing species separately from those outside of its native range.
Although action to save critical species from immediate extinction will be to send them to facilities with space and expertise, the goal is to enable the range countries currently lacking facilities and expertise to care for their own species. This will allow outside experts to free up their time and space to begin the process anew with other species in other regions of the world.
| 2.953125
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13176924
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphibian%20Ark
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Amphibian Ark
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Members of the AArk include WAZA members and WAZA affiliates, members of regional or national zoo associations, Species360, AArk approved private partners, and AArk approved museums, universities and wildlife agencies. An AArk Steering Committee, with Executive Co-Chairs from each of the three principal partners, provides guidance on the activities of the AArk and ensures communication with stakeholders. In addition, Advisory Committees have been formed to consult on species-specific issues, for example, reintroduction, gene banking, and veterinary, legal, and ethical concerns.
A number of dedicated positions coordinate implementation within the AArk initiative; assist AArk partners in priority taxa identifying and regions for ex situ conservation work; lead development and implementation of training programs for building capacity of individuals and institutions; and develop communications strategies, newsletters and other messages, and materials to promote understanding and action on behalf of amphibian conservation.
The Need for Amphibian Conservation
It is estimated that at least thirty percent of amphibian species are currently at risk of going extinct, though some estimates put this figure closer to forty percent. The threats to amphibian populations are diverse, but predominantly anthropogenic, including over-exploitation, habitat loss, introduction of invasive species, and pollution. Other factors include the emergence of new pathogens and climate change.
Organizations such as AArk aim to protect amphibians against these threats, due to the important roles amphibians have in their ecosystems, such as nutrient cycling and energy flow. They are also used by humans as a source of food and medicine, in addition to becoming more popular in the pet trade.
| 2.796875
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13176924
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphibian%20Ark
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Amphibian Ark
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Criteria for the AArk
Due to limited resources, not every threatened species of amphibian can be held in captivity. As a result, the AArk and its partners created a resource called the Amphibian Conservation Needs Assessment, which is used to prioritize conservation efforts for different species and determine what methods are appropriate for conserving the species. The assessment is composed of twenty six questions, which are divided into seven sections. The seven sections are as follows: Review of External Data, Status in the Wild, Threats and Recovery, Significance, Ex situ Activity, Education, and Ex situ Program Authorization and Availability.
There are eleven possible conservation roles that are given to each species that is evaluated by the assessment. These roles are as follows: Ark, Rescue, In situ Conservation, In situ research, Husbandry research, Applied Ex situ Research, Mass Production in Captivity, Conservation Education, Supplementation, Biobanking, and doing nothing. The AArk plays the greatest role in the species deemed appropriate for the Ark and Rescue roles. The Ark role is given to species that exist only in captivity and are extinct in the wild, while the Rescue role is given to species that are at a significant risk of becoming extinct in the wild.
As of 2018, the Conservation Needs Assessment had been used in nearly 2,700 assessments for more than 2,300 species of amphibians, or about 31% of all known amphibian species. These assessments focused on anurans at almost 2,400 assessments, while newts and salamanders made up nearly 300 of the assessments, and caecilians made up only about 30. In 2015, 801 species were prioritized for rescue or ex situ research Many of these species were listed as near threatened or least concern, but have similar life histories to threatened species, and were prioritized with the goal of developing husbandry guidelines for threatened species.
| 3.15625
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13176924
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphibian%20Ark
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Amphibian Ark
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Controversies of the Ark Model
Throughout the existence of the AArk, a number of concerns were raised by members of the scientific community regarding the project. First, it was determined that many species of amphibians that meet the AArk’s criteria for an ex situ program are difficult to maintain and breed in captivity. Others were concerned about the logistics and diplomacy regarding a conservation project that emphasizes the importance of establishing these programs in a species’ country of origin.
Another concern about the AArk is simply its effectiveness in the conservation of endangered species. Despite the AArk’s work since its conception, zoos and other facilities still disproportionately focus on the conservation of reptiles, mammals, and birds, as opposed to amphibians. A study published in 2015 found that only 2.9% of all globally threatened amphibian species were represented in zoos, as opposed to 23% of globally threatened mammals, 22.1% of globally threatened reptiles, and 15.6% of globally threatened bird species. This study did point out that the AArk's contribution to ex situ conservation might be misrepresented by this data due to diplomacy issues resulting from the AArk's emphasis on establishing ex situ work in countries within the range of each species.
| 2.84375
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13176926
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eduard%20Hagenbach-Bischoff
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Eduard Hagenbach-Bischoff
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Eduard Hagenbach-Bischoff (20 February 1833, in Basel – 23 December 1910, in Basel) was a Swiss physicist. He invented an electoral quota very similar to the Droop quota.
The son of the theologian Karl Rudolf Hagenbach, he studied physics and mathematics in Basel (with Rudolf Merian), Berlin (with Heinrich Wilhelm Dove and Heinrich Gustav Magnus), Geneva, Paris (with Jules Célestin Jamin) and obtained his Ph.D. in 1855 at Basel. He taught at the Gewerbeschule (vocational school) in Basel and was after his habilitation, a professor of mathematics at the University of Basel for one year. From 1863 to 1906, he was a full professor of physics at Basel (successor of Gustav Heinrich Wiedemann). In 1874, he became director of the institute of physics at the newly founded “Bernoullianum” in Basel, and from 1874 to 1879 he was president of the Swiss Academy of Sciences.
Hagenbach-Bischoff was involved in the popularisation of science, and at the “Bernoullianum” he gave more than 100 popular talks, such as one in 1896 on the newly discovered X rays.
He invented a type of quota to be used in elections.
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13176976
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montejo%20de%20Tiermes
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Montejo de Tiermes
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Montejo de Tiermes is a municipality located in the province of Soria, Castile and León, Spain. In 2010 the population of Montejo de Tiermes (municipality) was 198 inhabitants, 126 men and 72 women. Montejo de Tiermes (locality) had a population of 58 inhabitants on 1 January 2010, 41 men and 17 women.
Tiermes archaeological site
The Tiermes (Termes, Tarmes) archaeological site at Montejo de Tiermes stands out among the diversity of archaeological remains in the Iberian Peninsula. In the mid 1930s, Blas Taracena, the Spanish archaeologist, organised systematic digs at the site and called Tiermes "the Spanish Pompeii".
Natural and Cultural Heritage
Montejo is nicknamed after one of the most important Celtiberian and later Roman sites in the province and one of the most significant and surprising in Roman Hispania. Just 10 minutes from this town you can visit the archaeological site of the city of Tiermes; and next to it the Romanesque porticoed chapel of Santa María tells us about the continuity of the human settlement in this place.
Red earth and crops that green up or wither away compose a variable mosaic of tones in the course of the annual seasons. A little further south, the sources of the river Pedro and the Montejo stream irrigate these lands; next to the village another stream, the Pozo Moreno stream, borders the locality. Little by little they will gradually collect and channel water towards the great Duero in the domains of the Ribera.
Between the lands of La Ribera and El Burgo in the south of the province, bordering the neighbouring Castile-La Mancha region, the municipality of Montejo de Tiermes has a good number of adjoining districts, some of them with important testimonies of the Natural and Cultural Heritage of the area.
| 2.421875
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13176976
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montejo%20de%20Tiermes
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Montejo de Tiermes
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But let us begin with Montejo, a village that distributed its stone houses in line, flanking what was once the main street along which ran the road that communicated this locality with the surrounding areas. If we go into this street we will find a beautiful church dedicated to Saints Cornelius and Cyprian with Renaissance access to the atrium and a Romanesque porticoed gallery with four arcades surrounding the entrance; two arches are open and the other two are blinded. Within the urban area there is a dovecote that recalls a part of the economic past when, as now, livestock and agriculture were the main activities of the "montejanos" or perhaps "termestinos" due to the proximity of the city of Termes. Here, next to the site is the Romanesque chapel of Santa María, also with porticoes, a magnificent example of this medieval typology in the province of Soria. A didactic monographic museum of the Celtiberian-Roman city documents with information and materials the way of life of the historical inhabitants.
In one of the villages annexed to Montejo, an important collection of cave art is preserved in shelters and cliffs. In these caves of Sotillos de Caracena, the post-Palaeolithic engravings show anthropomorphic motifs, ramiform, reticules, circles and other geometric shapes.
A little further east of Montejo, in Valderromán, a holm oak grove preserves large and majestic specimens of this Quercus. The largest is said to have a longevity of more than 800 years, a trunk perimeter of 5 metres and a large shadow of more than 300 m2.
In the hamlet of Pedro, the hermitage of the Virgen del Val, located in a lush landscape of water and trees, tells us about the medieval past of this town.
There are several Assets of Cultural Interest in the municipality:
Romanesque Hermitage of Nuestra Señora de Tiermes: declared on 28 May 1982 in the category of monument.
Church of San Juan Bautista: in Ligos, declared a monument on 28 September 1995.
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13177209
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loders%20Creek
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Loders Creek
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The Loders Creek is a stream and tidal creek which flows through the suburbs of the Gold Coast of South East Queensland, Australia. The creek is long, and forms part of The Broadwater estuary catchment area.
Course and catchment
The creek is formed from two small unnamed streams that converge to the west of Southport. Both of these tributaries have been substantially modified to provide storm water drainage for the suburb of Ashmore, and consist mainly of concrete lined channels. The northern tributary does have some areas of natural channel, with pool-and-riffle channel morphology. These areas provide a significant habitat for the vulnerable Wallum froglet.
From the confluence of the two tributaries, the creek flows in a north-easterly direction bordering the Southport State High School, before passing under the Gold Coast Highway to reach the Broadwater at Len Fox Park, between Southport and Labrador.
The drainage basin of the creek lies between that of the Biggera Creek to the north, and that of the Nerang River to the south and west.
Catchment group
The Loders Creek was the first for which a formal community catchment management group was established on the Gold Coast. Since their formation in 1994, the group which aims to enhance the creek and its environs has created a nature trail and butterfly garden. They have also produced educational resources about the creek, carried out restoration work, and completed wildlife surveys in the catchment.
Flora and fauna
Although degraded by the removal of native vegetation along its length for flood control, the creek does contain areas of freshwater and tidal wetlands, with some dry eucalyptus forest in the catchment. Wildlife includes native species such as bandicoots, koala, and lace monitor.
| 2.625
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13177514
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peyton%20M.%20Magruder
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Peyton M. Magruder
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Peyton M. Magruder (October 19, 1911, Fort Riley, Kansas – January 19, 1982, Marathon, Florida) was an aircraft designer best known for his design of the Glenn L. Martin Company's B-26 Marauder.
Early life
Magruder was born into a military family; his father was Brigadier General Marshall Magruder. His early life was a succession of moves from one post to another due to his father's career. This would take him to Manila, Yokohama, Hawaii, and several other posts. Because of his father's career he had to attend four different high schools. However he still won appointments to both Annapolis and West Point.
Magruder chose to attend the Naval Academy in Annapolis which he entered in 1930. He studied less — and partied more — than most, but still remained in the upper part of his class. He pole-vaulted for the track team, was a member of the swim team, and once won $350 in bets by running five miles (8 km) in 29 minutes and 37 seconds. He resigned during his senior year of 1934 partially due to a scandal which has now become a part of Naval Academy lore, and partially in order to apply for enlistment in the Army's aviation school. At that time the Army would not give up slots for Navy officers and cadets because the Navy had its own air school.
In order to improve his chances of acceptance Magruder signed up with one of the National Guard's air units, and enrolled in the Aeronautical Engineering curriculum at the University of Alabama. However, before completion of his one year at Alabama he was engaged to be married and looking for work.
Early career
Magruder soon obtained a position at the Naval Aircraft Factory in Philadelphia, through an encounter with Adm. Ernest J. King, who was then chief of the Navy Bureau of Aeronautics. Magruder's family had been neighbors with King in Newport, Rhode Island while Adm. King and his father studied at the Naval War College. Magruder stayed at the NAF for two years, before moving in 1937 to a job at Glenn L. Martin Company, now Lockheed-Martin.
| 1.914063
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13177526
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nolton%20and%20Roch
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Nolton and Roch
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Nolton and Roch () is a community in the Hundred of Roose, Pembrokeshire, Wales. The community consists essentially of the villages of Nolton and Roch and a number of hamlets including Cuffern and Druidston. The western part of the community is in the Pembrokeshire Coast National Park. Its population (2001) was 746, increasing to 825 at the 2011 census.
Geography
The 5 miles (8 km) coastline of the community consists of picturesque cliffs and dunes, and is followed by the Pembrokeshire Coast Path. At the north end is the 2 mile (3 km) long Newgale beach, which is popular for bathing and surfing. The whole coast is underlain with coal measures and was a centre of industry from medieval times until 1905. Nolton Haven, on the border between the two parishes, was a port from which the local anthracite was shipped. The area is now a popular destination for holidaymakers and second-home owners.
The community is on the linguistic boundary that existed along the northern edge of the community, which was particularly prominent here where it followed the Brandybrook valley: the community had been predominantly English-speaking for 900 years, but the adjoining parishes of Brawdy and Hayscastle to the north are more Welsh-speaking.
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13177554
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miranda%20del%20Casta%C3%B1ar
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Miranda del Castañar
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Miranda del Castañar is a municipality located in the province of Salamanca, Castile and León, Spain. As of 2016 the municipality has a population of 426 inhabitants.
The town of Miranda del Castañar is labeled "Historic-Artistic Grouping" for being part of the Spanish national system of heritage listing. The town is set on a mountainside and is encircled by a medieval wall with four gates. To the south and the east stand the Gates of Saint Postigo and Saint Genesius respectively. To the west stands the Gate of Nuestra Señora de la Cuesta (Our Lady of the slope), the town's patron saint whose festivity is celebrated on either 8 or 9 September. Finally, the Town Gate stands in the north. The most noteworthy monument is the Castle of Miranda del Castañar.
The current castle was rebuilt in the early 14th century over the remains of an older castle dating from the 12th. There is a coat of arms belonging to the House of Zuñiga engraved in the westernmost part of the castle. Some parts well preserved are the castle wall, a parapet walk, and some footbridges. The Castle is eyewitness to a past splendor time. The town was founded in the 12th century by the Sovereign Hospitaller Order of Saint John of Jerusalem and was reinforced by the repopulating carried out by the king Alfonso IX of León in the 13th century. Currently, the castle belongs to the town council, but it first belonged to the Duchess of Alba, who also owns the title of Countess of Miranda del Castañar and donated the castle to the town council in 1954.
Heritage
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13177933
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South%20Side%20Community%20Art%20Center
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South Side Community Art Center
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The South Side Community Art Center is a community art center in Chicago that opened in 1940 with support from the Works Progress Administration's Federal Art Project in Illinois. Opened in Bronzeville in an 1893 mansion, it became the first black art museum in the United States and has been an important center for the development Chicago's African American artists. Of more than 100 community art centers established by the WPA, this is the only one that remains open.
The center was awarded Chicago Landmark status in 1994. Named a "National Treasure" by the National Trust for Historic Preservation in 2017, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2018.
History
Efforts to open a community art center on Chicago's South Side began in 1938. Peter Pollack, a Federal Art Project official, contacted Metz Lochard, an editor at the Chicago Defender, about having the Art Project sponsor exhibitions of African American artists, who often had trouble securing space to display their work. Pollack, an art dealer, owned a gallery on Michigan Avenue in Chicago's Loop and had previously displayed the work of African American artists. Lochard arranged a meeting between Pollack and Pauline Kigh Reed, a social worker with extensive connections in the community, and, according to Reed's recollection, she suggested founding an art center. Reed helped arrange an initial meeting with area artists at the South Side Settlement House at 32nd Street and Wabash Avenue. Businessman Golden Darby, chairman of the board of the Settlement House, became chair of the Sponsoring Committee of the proposed South Side Community Art Center.
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13177933
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South%20Side%20Community%20Art%20Center
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South Side Community Art Center
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In 1940, the by then vacant brownstone building was selected as the site for the planned community art center and was purchased for about $8,000 with funds raised by the community. The building is sometimes referred to as the Comiskey Mansion, and it was described as the former home of Charles Comiskey by Eleanor Roosevelt in her newspaper column after she took part in the dedication of the South Side Community Art Center. According to UNCAP, the Uncovering New Chicago Archives Project, the house belonging to Comiskey was further south on Michigan Avenue. The community paid for the lease and purchase of the building, for utilities, and for art supplies. The federal government helped to stimulate the establishment of the center via support from the Works Progress Administration's Federal Art Project. They provided administrative funds for staff and faculty and funds for the remodeling of the building. The interior was remodeled in the New Bauhaus-style by Hin Bredendieck and Nathan Lerner and the centre opened unofficially for its first classes on December 15, 1940. The opening was accompanied by an inaugural exhibition of paintings by local black artists including Charles Davis, Charles White, Bernard Goss, William Carter, Eldzier Cortor, Charles Sebree, Archibald Motley Jr., amongst others. The interracial faculty of art instructors included Davis, White, Goss, Carter, Morris Topchevsky, Si Gordon, Max Kahn, and Todros Geller. Lessons were free and included oil painting, drawing, composition, water color, sculpture, lithography, poster design, fashion illustration, interior decoration, silk screen, weaving, and hooked rug-making. By March 1941, 13,500 people had attended classes, exhibitions, and events at the center. First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt dedicated the facility May 7, 1941, in a ceremony that broadcast nationwide on CBS Radio.
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13177934
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanch%C3%B3n%20de%20la%20Ribera
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Sanchón de la Ribera
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Sanchón de la Ribera is a municipality located in the province of Salamanca, Castile and León, Spain. As of 2016 the municipality has a population of 78 inhabitants.
It belongs to the subcomarca of La Ramajería, a rural area formed by meadows known as 'curtains' and in which popular architecture stands out for having a high degree of conservation. The small farmhouse occupies a hillside on the edge of a small stream that runs around nearby. The land is surrounded by pastures and oak forests.
The town was founded during the repopulation of the Leonese kings between the 10th and 12th centuries and the parish church is preserved from its past under the title of Saint Christopher, patron saint of the place. On the outskirts is the Hermitage of Humilladero, a small 17th-century building with a single nave and which houses the image of the Holy Christ of Mercy, of great devotion among the inhabitants. An old mill, now demolished, on the banks of the Vado, informs us of old activities that are no longer in use.
About 20 kilometers away is the Arribes del Duero Natural Park, a natural space where you can go hiking, among other activities.
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13177954
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossy%20crayfish%20snake
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Glossy crayfish snake
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The glossy crayfish snake (Liodytes rigida rigida) is a subspecies of nonvenomous snake endemic to the southeastern United States. Its scientific name, rigida, derives from the fact that it is comparatively stiff.
Description
It is a shiny, dark semiaquatic snake, usually measuring 14-24 inches (36–61 cm). Its color can be described as brown to olive brown. A few dark stripes are present on the snake's back, but hardly noticeable. The bottom of the snake is a cream-yellowish color, with small patterns similar to half-moons. It can be described as very stiff, which has earned it the nickname, "the stiff snake". This snake also has very rough scales, thought to aid in defence against its main food source, crayfish.
Diet
This subspecies feeds almost entirely on crayfish. However, when their main food source is scarce, they can resort to frogs, salamanders, small fish, and dragonfly larva. This snake, like other crayfish snakes, have an eating habit that is different from typical snakes. As most snakes attack the head of their prey, crayfish snakes will attack the rear of the crayfish, to prevent internal damage from the sharp parts of the crayfish.
Taxonomy
Close relatives of the glossy crayfish snake are the Gulf crayfish snake (Liodytes rigida sinicola) and the Delta crayfish snake (Liodytes rigida deltae).
Geographic range
The glossy crayfish snake is found in the Coastal Plain of the southeastern United States from eastern Virginia to eastern Texas but is absent from the southern portion of peninsular Florida.
Conservation
According to the Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries, in Virginia the range of the glossy crayfish snake is limited to a small geographic region. The Virginia Herpetological Society indicated that "Extinction or extirpation is possible. Populations of these species are in decline or have declined to low levels or are in a restricted range."
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13177991
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eremophila%20delisseri
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Eremophila delisseri
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Eremophila delisseri is a flowering plant in the figwort family, Scrophulariaceae and is endemic to an area of the Nullarbor Plain in South Australia. it is a shrub with lilac-coloured flowers and with most of its parts covered with white hairs.
Description
Eremophila delisseri is a shrub which grows to a height of less than and has erect, spreading branches which are distinctly grooved. Many parts of the plant, including the branches and leaves, are covered with whitish, branched hairs, giving the plant a greyish-white colour. The leaves are arranged in opposite pairs, are long, wide, oblong to egg-shaped, wrinkled and are covered with whitish hairs.
The flowers are borne singly in leaf axils and lack a stalk. There are 5 oblong or egg-shaped sepals which are covered with whitish hairs and are long. The petals are long and joined at their lower end to form a tube. The petal tube is lilac coloured except for the inside of the tube which is white with brown spots. The outside of the tube is covered with hairs similar to those on the leaves but the inside of the petal lobes are mostly glabrous. The inside of the tube is filled with long, spidery hairs. Flowering occurs mainly from August to September and is followed by fruits that are dry, oval shaped with a pointed tip, hairy and long.
Taxonomy
The species was first formally described in 1866 by botanist Ferdinand von Mueller in Fragmenta Phytographiae Australiae. The specific epithet (delisseri) honours Edmund Delisser, a surveyor.
Distribution and habitat
Eremophila delisseri occurs on the Nullarbor Plain in South Australia. It was previously thought to grow in Western Australia but this may have been because of errors in determining precise location. It grows in calcareous loam.
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