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Cytochrome p450 enzymes (p450s) are heme - containing monooxygenases that catalyze a variety of oxidative transformations in primary and secondary metabolism . P450 enzymes are widely distributed in natural product biosynthetic pathways from bacteria, fungi, and plants . These enzymes play a key role in the generation ... |
Unhealthy lifestyle behaviors including physical inactivity during childhood might track to adulthood, and in addition to their short - term health hazards, they might be associated with chronic diseases later in life . Sedentary lifestyle is a well - documented predisposing factor for obesity, metabolic syndrome, and ... |
Middle aged men, even in a good state of health, frequently develop abdominal obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, metabolic syndrome, lack of energy and chronic fatigue, loss of libido, erectile dysfunction, change in body composition as well as coronary artery disease with its sequelae ., these conditions are only in... |
Since june 2002, the finnish pediatric diabetes register and biobank has invited all pediatric patients diagnosed with diabetes in finland to participate in the register and the biobank . Compared with the information provided by all the pediatric units in finland, the coverage of the register is 92% (25). Around 70% o... |
Forensic science refers to the area of endeavor that can be used in a judicial setting and accepted by the court and the general scientific community to separate truth from untruth . There are many well - known implanted methods of human identification, one of the most interesting emerging method of human identificatio... |
Renal cell carcinoma (rcc) has a potential to metastasize to almost any site . In descending order of frequency, the most common sites of metastasis are the lung, lymph nodes, liver, bones, adrenal glands, kidneys, brain, heart, spleen, intestine, and skin . It can involve any part of the bowel and accounts for 7.1% of... |
Zabardasti claims the molecule is aromatic, whereas korkin suggests the hcno monomer spontaneously trimerizes in order to reach a more stable configuration, a feature which if proved correct would indicate that aromaticity is an indication of stabilization energy . Korkin discovered that it manifests strong stabilizati... |
Gami - jakyak gamcho buja decoction (mecasin) was developed for treating amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients with pain, joint contracture and muscular weakness . Mecasin, which is the major component of mecasin, has been used in traditional medicine to relieve pain, muscle spasms and cold syndrome due to blood defic... |
The success of root canal treatment depends on the eradication of microorganisms from the root canal system and prevention of re - infection . Due to its complex anatomy, with multiple fins, isthmuses, ramifications and accessory canals, it is virtually impossible for mechanical instrumentation to shape and clean the e... |
Polymethyl methacrylate (pmma) is primarily used for removable partial and complete denture fabrication as a base material . Reinforcements such as fibers, glass1 and polyethylene or activation and processing techniques such as injection - molding and microwave2 activation provided new benefits in polymer knowledge . H... |
Cannabis sativa, better known as marijuana, has been used in traditional medicine for millennia to treat various ailments [14]. Development of cannabinoids from the cannabis plant as therapeutic agents has been hindered by their recreational abuse and addictive properties [5, 6]. Medical marijuana is primarily used to ... |
Louis pasteur's epochal germ theory of disease triggered the fastest advance of medicine ever . The great host of infectious diseases, with their aetiology at last discovered, was soon substantially conquered . Additionally, freed of inevitable wound infection, modern surgery was made possible, led by lister . In stark... |
Stroke is one of the leading causes of long - term disability in the world, and in the united states, an average of one stroke occurs every 40 seconds . By this estimate, 795,000 new or recurrent strokes occur each year, with annual direct and indirect cost of cardiovascular disease and stroke in the united states bein... |
In response to jev activity, as evidenced by human clinical cases or the seroconversion of sentinel pigs, adult mosquitoes were collected on badu island during 1995, 1998, and 2003 (6,8, and this article, respectively). Badu island is located at 1007s and 14209e in the central western region of the torres strait and is... |
Extensive soft tissue defects accompanied by infectious spondylitis are rare clinically . In these cases, medical / surgical therapy that involves debridement of the dead tissue and treatment with antibiotics can take a long time to carry out and a considerable length of time may elapse before the patient recovers, wit... |
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women, and metastasis is the number one cause of mortality in breast cancer . Invasion depends in part on degradation of extracellular matrix (ecm) and interaction with molecules formed in the process . Recently, increasing attention has been paid to chemokines that may mo... |
Mammary analogue secretory carcinoma (masc) is a recently described pathological entity arising in the salivary glands . In 2010, skalova et al . Reported a case series comprising 16 cases of this salivary gland tumor showing identical histological as well as molecular features to breast secretory carcinoma . The fusio... |
A 68-year - old male with a history of palpitations was referred to our hospital for further evaluation . Baseline ecg showed sinus rhythm and frequent premature ventricular extrasystoles (pves) with a relatively narrow qrs complex (115 ms), an inferior axis (tall r waves in leads ii, iii, and avf), a qr pattern in lea... |
It is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner and is caused by mutations in the ctns gene, which is located on chromosome 17p13.1 these mutations cause intralysosomal cystine accumulation in cells throughout the body . Today, over 100 pathogenic mutations are known to cause cystinosis . The most frequent mutation fo... |
Most bladder squamous cell carcinomas have been described in paraplegics or in patients with spinal trauma . They are also known to occur in patients with long - term indwelling catheters and during chronic inflammatory states associated with frequent irritation and persistent infection . Here we report a case study of... |
Despite advances in plastic surgery, reconstruction of soft tissue defects with exposed tendons on the hand and foot remains a challenge . There are several reconstruction options, including skin grafts, local flaps, distant flaps and free flaps.1, 2, 3 however, the experience over the past 20 years has demonstrated th... |
A 40-year - old male patient came with the complaint of pain and swelling in the anterior vestibular region for the past 2 weeks . History revealed recurrent episodes of pain and swelling and spontaneous remission following nasal discharge . On examination, the patient had a well - defined, fluctuant swelling obliterat... |
The development of analytical tools for rapid analysis and identification of expressed protein profiles in cell, tissue or organism is currently an important area in biological research [13]. Although two - dimensional gel electrophoresis (2de) is a classical technique that monitors and distinguishes multiple forms of ... |
Ivemark syndrome is a heterotaxy syndrome affecting multiple organs of the body, often presenting with congenital asplenia and cardiac problems [1, 2]. Commonly seen as right isomerism, typically there are two right - sided lungs and right - sided atria . The heart contains septal defects with right ventricular hyperpl... |
In the last few years, there has been a shift in interest within the asthma community from focusing on what features all asthmatics have in common, to the differences that set them apart.1 we now speak routinely of asthma as a heterogeneous disease which can be categorized in various ways based on such characteristics ... |
Synoptic reporting of all tumor excisions is required by the college of american pathologists (cap). The cap specifically requires that each element in a synoptic report be reported in a required data element (rde) pair consisting of the element and the corresponding response (cap laboratory accreditation process check... |
In may 2009, diarrhea and fever developed in 8 persons living in southwestern france 1 day after they ate a homemade tiramisu prepared with raw eggs . Fecal analysis was performed on samples from 5 of the 8 persons . The isolation was performed by using standard procedures (i.e., use of conventional selective media). I... |
The metabolic syndrome has become a major public health challenge with an estimated 22% of us adults having this condition . A consensus group for the international diabetes federation defines metabolic syndrome as central obesity, plus any two of the following: raised triglycerides, reduced high - density lipoprotein ... |
Ovarian carcinoma is the leading cause of death from gynecologic malignancy, with an estimated 15 520 deaths in the usa in 2008 . Ovarian cancer is a highly metastatic disease that is rarely detected when disease is confined to the ovary (stage i) and 5-year survival is> 90% . The great majority of ovarian cancer patie... |
Considering the speed and the size of data as well as the challenges to be dealt by organizations, it appears increasingly vital to have some criteria available to decide about the success and to plan based on advantages and disadvantages . The development of a seriously competitive atmosphere among organizations and t... |
The first case was reported in the english medical literature by larsen and solomon in 1978 . Implantation of a pregnancy within the fibrous scar of a previous cesarean section is being reported more frequently, and the incidence is now higher than that of cervical ectopic pregnancies . There has been a substantial inc... |
Dental caries, more commonly known as cavities or tooth decay, is one of the most prevalent clinical conditions in the world . Theworld health organization estimates that 60 - 90% of school children and nearly 100% of adults have or have had caries, with indications that global incidence rates are increasing . While it... |
Periodontal diseases include a sizeable group of pathological alterations of the periodontal tissue . The commonest forms of the disease are gingivitis and periodontitis, and these figure among the most widespread human infectious diseases [1, 2]. Gingivitis is very common and is characterized by reversible inflammatio... |
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tdcs) is a non - invasive form of brain stimulation that is thought to provide a constant low level of electrical current to the brain . Approximately 1000 scientific studies have been published in peer - reviewed journals in the last decade, many of which suggest the beneficial... |
Genomic medicine and personalized medicine have become buzz phrases that pervade all fields of medicine . Omics research (chief of which are genomics, proteinomics, and epigenomics) over the last few years have allowed us to dissect the molecular signatures and functional pathways that underlie disease initiation and p... |
The associations between diabetes and cancer have been the subject of debate for over a century . The length of this debate suggests, perhaps, that any such associations are relatively weak, and it is safe to say that most practicing diabetologists do not view cancer as a specific, diabetes - associated risk in day - t... |
Caries activity usually causes tooth decay or cavities and can even lead to the loss of afflicted teeth, which is particularly harmful to children's growth and development . The world health organization (who) reported that 6090% of school children experience caries globally . Preservation of the remaining vital portio... |
Obesity is a serious health problem, which may range from a simple complaint of disability to premature death . In many epidemiological studies, the body mass index(bmi 30 kg / m) or percentage of body fat (pbf> 25% in men and> 35% in women) the pbf is measured by several methods, such as magnetic resonance imaging (mr... |
Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis (lc), also called carcinomatous leptomeningitis, neoplastic (lepto)meningitis, leptomeningeal metastasis, or more commonly leptomeningeal seeding, is the dissemination and growth of cancer cells within the leptomeningeal space; it is one of the most serious complications that can occur in ... |
A 52-year - old male patient presented at our hospital with progressive unilateral proptosis since 2 years ago and vision loss in his left eye . Ocular examination revealed 2 + relative afferent pupillary defect in the left eye . Computed tomography scan of the patient showed an intraconal mass sticking to superior oph... |
Although splenic angiosarcoma has been presented as an extremely rare malignant tumour in medical literature spanning the last 20 years, an increasing number of cases have been identified over that same time period . Some of these cases are typically identified upon spontaneous rupture of the organ (32%), and as such a... |
They are not only the powerhouses of the cell, they are also major triggers for the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis, regulators of calcium homeostasis and providers of various chemicals for the cell, such as phospholipids and iron - sulfur clusters (indispensable for membrane biogenesis and for the assembly of many cata... |
In the united states, 3 million cases of suspected child abuse are filed each year, but only 30% of these lead to a conviction, indicating that diagnosing child abuse is difficult . The presence of multiple bruises of different color suggests long term abuse, as different colors imply different stages of healing, and t... |
Autoerythrocyte sensitization syndrome (aes) was first described by gardner and diamond in 1955, when four women with painful bruising were depicted . Patients with aes typically present with the development of recurrent, spontaneous, painful ecchymosis, frequently preceded by a prodrome of pain or itching of the skin ... |
This case represents the first report of a novel hemoplasma species in a human in association with doxycycline - responsive pyrexia, hemolytic anemia, and a history of chronic moderate neutropenia . Candidatus mycoplasma haemohominis is proposed for this novel organism should further characterization be possible . This... |
The support vector machine (svm) algorithm is among the most widely used supervised machine learning methods in chemoinformatics and computer - aided drug discovery . The popularity of svm modeling primarily stems from generally high predictive performance in compound classification and virtual screening . Although svm... |
Sunitinib is a small molecule that inhibits multiple tyrosine kinase receptors . In 2006, the united states food and drug administration approved this drug for treating clear cell metastatic renal cell carcinoma . In patients given sunitinib, median progression - free survival is significantly longer than in patients g... |
Multidetector coronary computed tomography angiography (ccta) is a highly accurate noninvasive method for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease . Advances in computed tomography (ct) allow us to acquire high - resolution images and reduced in time and contrast material needed to scan the target organs . Image qualit... |
The subject of tumors of the nervous system is often looked upon with apprehension by medical students and practitioners, with some justification . The plethora of terminologies and systems of grading and classification, the bewildering numbers of separately named lesions, and their apparently endless histologic variat... |
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (hsct) is an effective treatment modality, for a variety of hematologic malignancies . Despite improvement in the prophylaxis and treatment strategies and supportive care measures, infection still is considered as a substantial cause of morbidity and mortality in patients undergo... |
Basilar artery occlusion (bao) has been associated with a high morbidity and mortality, compromising posterior cerebral blood flow to the occipital lobes, medial temporal lobes, the thalami, the cerebellum, and the brain stem . Clinical recovery is virtually impossible in the absence of recanalization . A medical emerg... |
Amyloid peptides are derived from the amyloid precursor protein (app) by sequential proteolytic cleavages by - and -secretases [1, 2]. Amyloid peptides, particularly the longer a42 species, aggregate into various and different chemical or physical entities, which are now considered the primary pathological agents in ad... |
Bio2010 calls for faculty in biology, mathematics, and the physical and information sciences to work collaboratively to find ways of integrating mathematics, the physical sciences, and the life sciences in courses and to recognize that faculty development is a crucial component to doing so . It also calls for increased... |
The osteomalacia is a metabolic bone disease due to the mineralization disturbance of the organic matrix among the adults and its representing causes include the insufficient vitamin d or phosphate or metabolic disorder . Among the causes, osteomalacia due to hypophosphatemia induced by the impaired absorption in the g... |
Sickle cell disease (scd) is a form of haemoglobinopathy caused by the abnormal genetic substitution of glutamine by valine in the haem portion of the haemoglobin molecule . Sickle haemoglobin (hbs) tends to form polymers and aggregates when deoxygenated and can lead to vasoocclusion and organ ischaemia (1). Cardiopulm... |
The principal physiological function of the prostate gland is the synthesis, accumulation and secretion of the anion citrate . Citrate may be used as an important energy source for spermatozoa, or involved as a buffer or chelator of cations in seminal fluid . Nadependent uptake of aspartate from plasma is achieved by t... |
Acute abdomen due to spontaneous rupture of an intra - abdominal vessel is an extremely rare clinical condition particularly in otherwise healthy subjects . We report a case of acute abdomen in a young man due to spontaneous rupture of the posterior gastric artery . A 33-year - old man came to emergency department with... |
Fungal infection has rarely been reported in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (pbc); however it may occur following live transplant (lt) in patients with pbc, predisposing factors for the development of fungal infection following lt include diabetes mellitus, cholestasis, hypertransfusion, acute rejection, treat... |
Improvements in composite mechanical properties have made them more reliable for use in posterior teeth than they were some years ago14,17 . The development of shrinkage during polymerization is the major disadvantage of light cured composites and compomers13,16 .the conversion of the monomer molecules into a polymer n... |
Tuberous sclerosis (tsc) is a multi system genetic disorder affecting skin, brain / nervous system, kidneys, heart and lung and leading to growth of non malignant tumors . A combination of symptoms may include seizures, developmental delay, behavioral problems, skin abnormalities, lung and kidney disease . Tuberous scl... |
Left ventricle non - compaction (lvnc) or persistence of spongy myocardium is a rare form of congenital cardiomyopathy which presents with cardiac failure, thromboembolic events, arrhythmia and sudden death . We report a family with two deceased children and two alive offspring diagnosed with left ventricular (lv) non ... |
The primary objective of teaching pharmacology is to enable undergraduate medical students to take rational therapeutic decisions in clinical practice.1 it is one of the most evolving branches in medical sciences . Hence, not only concepts but also the teaching methodologies and evaluation methods need to be kept under... |
Cardiovascular diseases (cvd) is the leading cause of death globally, causing nearly 17.3 million deaths in 2008, with the number expected to increase to 23.3 million by 2030, . According to world health organization, over 80% of the world s deaths from cvds occur in low and middle income countries, as they have less a... |
Experimental details of the synthesis and characterisation, in vitro assays and cell - based studies, as well as supplementary figures, are given in the supporting information available via http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cmdc.201300428 . As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information s... |
It is estimated that over a million such medical procedures occur annually world - wide . However, despite the minimal rate of early complications, up to 30% of all surgeries are revised within 1014 years of initial surgery (1). These particles are identified as one of the main causal reasons for total hip arthroplasty... |
The " super scan " of bone scintigraphy is defined as a bone image that " looks too good . " Its characteristics include intense activity in the bones and diminished renal parenchymal activity (1). (2) had reported the case of f - fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (fdg pet) super scan involving skeletons,... |
Annually, falls occur in about one third of community - dwelling adults aged 65 and older living in the us.1 the physical and functional impacts (fractures, soft - tissue injury, premature institutionalization, and deaths) of falls have been well documented, but little is known about the long - term emotional and cogni... |
Esophageal atresia is an anatomical and physiological disorder of the esophagus requiring urgent surgical intervention . The most common early complications of esophageal atresia repair include leakage of the anastomosis, recurrent tracheoesophageal fistula, and anastomotic stricture . We present a case of atypical pos... |
The phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (pi3k) signaling pathway is one of the pathways most commonly activated in human cancers . It is a major downstream signaling component of receptor tyrosine kinases (rtks) and is critical for the regulation of cell proliferation, growth, differentiation, migration, and survival . Thus,... |
Prion diseases are a family of progressive fatal neurodegenerative diseases of infectious, sporadic or inherited origin, which affect humans and other animals . Central to the pathogenesis is the conversion of a host - encoded prion protein, prp, into a misfolded, protease resistant isoform, prp, which accumulates in t... |
Urinary bladder rupture in the adult mare is rare, but has been reported to occur associated with parturition . Repair via celiotomy has been described, but it can be difficult to exteriorise the bladder sufficiently, particularly in the case of caudal or dorsal tears . Previous standing techniques have involved approa... |
These psychosocial interventions are valuable adjuncts to physical treatment for individuals who have been diagnosed with cancer . It has been determined that 33% of individuals diagnosed with cancer experience severe psychological distress and up to 70% exhibit some degree of anxiety and depression [13]. Relationships... |
Clinical information was collected retrospectively for january 1 through july 31, 2009, and prospectively from august 1, 2009 through april 30, 2011 . Retrospectively, we identified patients who had been tested for influenza by use of a rapid test kit and extracted personal and clinical information from medical records... |
Atrial fibrillation (af) is the most common sustained cardiac rhythm disturbance, increasing in prevalence with age . Pulmonary vein (pv) isolation with catheter ablation is one of the primary treatments for symptomatic af refractory or intolerant to antiarrhythmic medications . In some cases, it may be even appropriat... |
In senegal, livestock play both social and economic roles . It remains as the only source of livelihood for 30% of rural households . It is indeed a great potential for wealth creation in the sense that it represents 4.2% of the national gross domestic product and 28.8% of the primary sector (gdp). Nevertheless the eno... |
Odontogenic keratocyst (okc) is a developmental odontogenic cyst with specific histopathological features and clinical behaviors, high recurrence rate, and aggressive behavior compared to other developmental odontogenic cysts . Due to its specific clinico - pathologic characteristics, its name has been changed to kerat... |
This is a cross - sectional study based on the primary health care clinics of qatar . The survey was conducted among qatari nationals between 25 and 65 years of age during a period from january to july 2007 . A multistage stratified sampling design was developed using the administrative divisions of the primary health ... |
Rms is the most common solid primary tumor in children, but only a few cases of breast metastases have been described . We present the case of a young female with primary pelvic alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (rms) which metastasized to the breast . In april 2000, a 14-year - old female presented with a lump in her right br... |
The bar - code symbol represents general data such as name, age, sex, address, occupation, phone number, and nationality of the patient, which can be scanned with a specific scanning device to transfer information to the computer . After scanning the bar code, labeling of dentures can be important in early identificati... |
Alopecia areata (aa) is a nonscarring alopecia that genetic and immunological causes have been suggested to be affective in the pathogenesis of the disease . Prevalence of aa in the united states is 0.10.2% with an estimated lifetime risk of 2% . Aa is characterized by sudden onset of hair loss in one or more regions, ... |
Nanocontainers that can bind and hold hydrophobic molecules have attracted significant interest due to implications in areas such as self - healing materials and drug delivery . Among the factors that are taken into account while arriving at a molecular design for these containers, encapsulation stability is often cons... |
The occurrence of primary sex cord - stromal tumors at extraovarian sites is extremely rare . These tumors are predominantly granulosa cell tumors . To our knowledge, this is the first case of primary mesenteric sertoli - leydig cell tumor . A new case of a 78-year - old woman who presented with bowel obstruction is re... |
Approximately 30,000 new cases of cancer in the oral cavity and oropharynx are diagnosed in the united states each year, corresponding to about 3% of all malignant tumors . Although visibly detectable due to the accessibility of the oral cavity, oral cancer has a high morbidity and mortality because it is typically at ... |
The stress arising from first child birth is classified even as severe stress among the psychosocial stresses . According to the global statistics, 1015% of pregnant women somehow experience different degrees of anxiety disorders and depression . Antenatal anxiety and depression are so prevalent and serious problems in... |
Cells: hek293 t, human embryonic kidney 293 cell line expressing sv40 tag, cells were maintained under an atmosphere of 5% co2 at 37c in dulbecco s minimum essential medium supplemented with 10% fbs (fetal bovine serum), 2 mm l - glutamine, penicillin (100 u ml) and streptomycin (0.1 mg ml). All experiments using hek29... |
This study was a historical cohort conducted at a 1,000 bed community, teaching hospital . There was no funding received for the study, and all data collection and analysis was completed by the primary author . Patients who had received intravenous contrast in 2011 were screened, via use of a random number generator, f... |
Chinese postpartum care (zuoyuezi) has been regarded as a crucial rite - to - passage for the woman's recovery and the transition to motherhood after childbirth . The use of sheng - hua - tang, a well - known traditional chinese medicine (tcm) compound prescription, during the postpartum has been popular in chinese com... |
A 14-year - old female patient presented to our clinic with the symptom of hollowness that had been present in both gluteal areas for 6 months . The patient, who did not have any history of topical medication, redness, pain or itching in the hollowed area and did not describe any signs, had been receiving corticosteroi... |
The cdna microarray method has been developed recently and has been successfully applied to genomewide analysis of gene expression stimulated by hormones and/or chemicals (inoue and pennie 2002; watanabe and iguchi 2003). Knowledge of the patterns in the expression of estrogen - responsive genes is essential to underst... |
The technology has grown tremendously, and now there are numerous types of probes and target elements . Target elements can include genes, oligonucleotides, or bacterial artificial chromosomes (bacs) and new microarray chips can contain on the order of a hundred thousand probes . Due to the technology, the signal obtai... |
Functional abdominal pain (fap) is one of the most common diseases, and large percentages of children suffer from it . Some studies showed a prevalence of 9% - 15% (1). According to the rome iii criteria, the functional abdominal pain must include all of the following criteria: persistent or episodic abdominal pain ins... |
The administrative records from a large, private workers compensation insurance company in the united states were used in this study . These claims come from various different organizations, industries, company sizes, and geographic locations . All claims with complete data from january 1, 2002 until december 31, 2008 ... |
A recent surge in interest in molecule - based electronics has highlighted the need for a better understanding of conduction mechanism in biomaterials . Plant cuticle membranes have been found to contain high proportions of insoluble and acid resistant cutin biopolyester . Current - voltage characteristics of nandi fla... |
The study was a randomized controlled trial and included a pre - test, post - test and delayed post - test with a control group . The independent variable was mindfulness training and the dependent variable was the quality of life of the warfare veterans with ptsd . All participants of the study were the warfare victim... |
An 80-year - old female visited our clinic due to involuntary movement on her oromandibular area and both extremities . She was diagnosed with hypertension and chronic small vessel disease about 10 years before and treated with clopidogrel 75 mg and amlodipine besylate 5 mg daily . Other family members including parent... |
Metabolic syndrome (mets), a cluster of medical disorders including central obesity, glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia, hypertension and hyperglycemia, is known to increase the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (cvd) and type 2 diabetes (t2d) (1). The alarming prevalence of mets worldwide varies based on popul... |
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