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Hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, where it represents the third cause of cancer - related death . Because of differences in risk factors, it ranges from 5.5 to 14.9 per 100,000 individuals, but it may reach 100 per 100,000 in some regions of africa and south east asia . Hepatit... |
However, the incidence of btc appears to be increasing worldwide over the last few decades, particularly in latin america and east asia (1). Btc is currently the sixth leading cause of cancer - related mortality in japan, and patients with btc have a poor prognosis (2). However, the majority of patients are diagnosed a... |
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (als) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease which affects both motor function and extramotor systems . According to the revised el escorial criteria for the diagnosis of als, the presence of signs for the affection of both upper motor neurons (umns) in the primary motor cortex and low... |
A 34-year - old man with painless right scrotal swelling, first noticed four months earlier, was admitted to our hospital . The patient had no history of scrotal trauma, voiding difficulty, other genitourinary diseases or weight loss . Physical examination showed that the right side of the scrotum was noticeably enlarg... |
As the most common aneurysm, abdominal aortic aneurysm (aaa) mainly occurs in middle - aged or elderly people, and shows an increasing trend worldwide . With the transition of demographic distribution toward an aging society, the incidence of aaa in china is also increasing . Although having a benign nature, aaa still ... |
Fibrosarcoma is a tumor of mesenchymal cell origin that is composed of malignant fibroblasts in a collagenous background . It can occur as a soft tissue mass or as a primary or secondary bone tumor . The sarcomas as a group differ from malignant epithelial neoplasms by their typical occurrence in relatively younger per... |
Diabetes mellitus is a common noncommunicable disease in india, as well as the rest of the world . It has emerged as a major public health problem, with low- and middle - income countries facing the greatest burden . As of 2013, india ranks second in the list of diabetes among people aged 2079 years next only to china ... |
Regulated upon activation normal t - cell expressed and secreted (rantes) is a key signaling cytokine involved in initiation of physiologic inflammation (conti et al ., 1999) as well as in many pathologic inflammatory conditions including endometriosis (oral et al ., 1996). Rantes has been shown to be responsible for 7... |
The deletion of long arm of chromosome 5 (del(5)(q32)) is a very rare event in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (all) and has not been analyzed extensively . The del (5)(q) is associated with 20 - 30% of mds, either as the sole identifiable abnormality, or in combination with one or more additional abnormalities. [14] alth... |
Because of the improved culture methods (8,9) and sensitive nucleic acid amplification assays (naaas) (1014) developed in recent years, kingella kingae, a gram - negative coccobacillus of the neisseriaceae family, is increasingly recognized as an invasive pathogen of early childhood . The organism is a frequent source ... |
Dopamine receptors and dopamine signaling have been implicated in various neurological and psychiatric disorders including parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, and drug abuse [13]. Dopamine receptors are divided into two subfamilies, the gs - coupled d1 and d5 receptors and the gi / o - coupled d2, d3, and d4 dopamine r... |
Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (gtn) comprises a spectrum of malignant tumors derived from the trophoblast including the invasive mole (i m), the choriocarcinoma (ch), the placental site trophoblastic tumor (pstt) and the epithelioid trophoblastic tumor (ett). Pstt is a rare entity with less than 300 cases reporte... |
The most common symptoms leading to a diagnosis are dysmenorrhoea, pelvic pain, and reduced fertility . It is a very prevalent disease affecting up to 10% of the reproductive - aged female population . Currently, the most widely accepted theory is the implantation theory: retrograde menstruation can result in viable en... |
There are basically three variants of primary localized cutaneous amyloidosis (plca): macular, papular (lichenoid) and nodular forms [1, 2, 3]. In macular and papular plca, cytokeratins serve as the amyloid precursors, and these variants are limited to the dermis [1, 2, 3, 4]. In contrast, the rare type of nodular plca... |
The book of judith is a deuterocanonical book of the septuagint and catholic and eastern orthodox christian old testament of the bible . It narrates the story of the beautiful jewish widow judith who saved her city of bethulia from the siege of holofernes, a general of the assyrian king nebuchadnezzar . According to th... |
Patterning of the nervous system requires neurons to extend axons to targets that are often at great distances from their cell bodies . Polarity information can be provided to growing axons by gradients of attractive or repulsive guidance cues that stimulate different signal transduction pathways in growth cones to gui... |
Generally, in automatic titration procedure based on flow injection analysis process, the volume of the titrant solution delivered has been determined considering both flow rate and time interval elapsed while the titration was run [13]. In principle, it has been admitted that the flow rate was constant and the time in... |
Thyroid nodules are commonly diagnosed in adults; however, they are rare cases in pediatrics . Depending on the iodine intake, they have been ranged from 19 to 35% in adults by ultrasonography (us) and from 0.2 to 5.1% in children [2, 3]. Cancer risk of a thyroid nodule is significantly greater in children than in adul... |
Pleomorphic adenoma is a frequent benign neoplasm in the head and neck region and accounts for 70% of all salivary gland tumors . 65% of the tumors arise in the parotid gland, and only 35% involve the minor glands . Its origin in the maxillary antrum is an extremely rare phenomenon as, involvement of the upper respirat... |
Type 2 diabetes is a major independent risk factor for cvd, and this increased risk is partly attributed to abnormalities in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism as a consequence of hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance [14]. People with diabetes have a greater than twofold increase in the risk of cvd, and this risk is eve... |
Pancreatic cancer is a major cause of cancer - related mortality worldwide as it ranks as the 5th leading cause of death, with an annual incidence in certain countries of approximately 20,00040,000 cases and poor mortality rates . Owning to the high frequency of local extension and/or metastatic disease at the time of ... |
A meta - analysis of individual data from 26 randomized trials of statins reported a 10% proportional reduction in all - cause mortality and a 20% proportional reduction in cv death/1.0 mmol / l (40 mg / dl) low - density lipoprotein - cholesterol (ldl - c) reduction . The risk of major coronary events was reduced by 2... |
Cancer of the nasal cavity and the paranasal sinuses, referred to as sinonasal cancer (snc), is relatively uncommon in the general population, accounting for less than 1% of all neoplasms and less than 4% of those arising in the head and neck region [13]. Snc incidence is around 1 100,000 person - years in most develop... |
Maintaining or increasing soil organic carbon (soc) storage in croplands has been promoted as a win win strategy by enhancing soil productivity and increasing the terrestrial c stock, thereby mitigating greenhouse gas (ghg) emissions in agriculture (lal 2004a). Crop management may have great potential for mitigating cl... |
A prospective study conducted at our hospital involved 41 pregnant women who bore a total of 41 fetuses and visited our department for level - ii obstetric us . Gestational age ranged from 12 to 37 (mean, 25) weeks: for nine, it was 10 - 20 weeks; for 23, 21 - 30 weeks; and for the remaining nine, more than 30 weeks . ... |
Glaucoma is a multifactorial, progressive optic neuropathy characterized by retinal ganglion cell death, the loss of visual field, and excavation of the optic nerve head . Glaucoma, the second leading cause of preventable blindness, is usually caused by the effects of elevated intraocular pressure (iop). As elevated io... |
It has been well known that about half of the patients with lung cancer have metastases at the time of initial diagnosis . The common sites of distant metastases are the bone, liver, adrenal glands, and lymph nodes . The clinical symptoms of the metastases of bone, liver, and lymph nodes usually occur relatively earlie... |
Primary aldosteronism (pa) has been traditionally considered a rare cause of hypertension (1). However, recent studies have shown a higher prevalence, ranging between 5% - 20% among hypertensive patients (2). Moreover, recent studies have demonstrated a higher frequency of cardiovascular complications in pa compared to... |
The term primitive neuroectodermal tumors (pnets) were coined by hart and earle in 1973 . These are a group of malignant neoplasms derived from the primitive neural crest and are highly malignant and mainly exist in the central nervous system (cns), chest wall, lower extremities, trunk, kidney, orbit, and rarely in the... |
A total of 38 patients with chronic painful dpn (neuropathy total symptom score 6> 4 and <16) for at least 6 months with stable glycemic control (a1c <11%) were assessed . Those with persistent pain, despite an adequate trial of tricyclic antidepressants, were recruited . Three modalities of pain (superficial, deep, an... |
Complications during central venous catheter placement are uncommon and their incidence has decreased further with the use of ultrasound (usg) guidance for venous puncture . Common vascular complications described during this procedure include common carotid artery (cca) injury leading to bleeding, dissection, pseudoan... |
Before the start of sample preparation one needs to program the automatic microwave tissue processor for electron microscopy (leica em amw; leica microsystems, vienna, austria) with the following protocols (table 1) for microwave assisted sample preparation for tem: table 1 . The different columns show (from left to ri... |
In the development and patterning of embryonic and adult tissues, secreted signaling molecules of the wnt, fgf, hedgehog, and transforming growth factor (tgf-) families can act as morphogens to activate different transcriptional programs along a signaling gradient (perrimon et al ., 2012). Ideas of how morphogens impar... |
Stickler syndrome alternately known as hereditary arthro - ophthalmopathy is an inherited disorder of collagen formation manifesting itself through a spectrum of ocular, orofacial, auditory, and musculoskeletal abnormalities.1,2 the disease is relatively uncommon, with a reported incidence of one in 7,5009,000 births, ... |
Role of the p53 protein in regulation of cell cycle, cell growth and maintenance of genomic stability has been largely described . Numerous alterations in p53 lead to neoplasmatic transformation . A rare familial li - fraumeni syndrome was associated with germline mutations in this gene . In families with li - fraumeni... |
In modern society, chemicals are indispensable for everyday human life . Numerous chemicals are used to maintain and improve the quality of life, including cosmetics, toiletries, detergents, air fresheners, agrochemicals such as pesticides and fertilizers, disinfectants, sterilizers, preservatives and industrial solven... |
Ficoll - isolated mononuclear peripheral blood (pb) cells from healthy donors were stained with abs against the lin markers cd3, cd19 and cd56, as well as with hla - dr, cd14, cd11c, cd141, cd1c, cd303 and the indicated workshop abs (table 1). Pdcs and two distinct myeloid dcs (cd1c dcs, cd141 dcs) were defined by mult... |
The size class of meiofauna is generally defined as the portion of the community passing through a 1-mm sieve and being retained on a 32-m sieve . This community comprises protists and metazoan animals that remain small even as adults (permanent meiofauna) and animals that temporarily belong to this size class during t... |
Age - related cataract is among the leading causes of severe visual impairment nowadays . With approximately 15 million cases performed annually, cataract extraction is one of the most frequent day - case procedures in medicine performed worldwide . Anticipated demographic changes (population growth in developing count... |
Tourette syndrome (ts), also known as multiple transient tic disorder or combined vocal and multiple motor tics, is a type of chronic neuropsychiatric developmental disorder that occurs in children and adolescents . It is characterized by involuntary vocal tics and multiple motor tics of the head and body, particularly... |
We report a rare case of enteric perforation of acalculous gallbladder in a 14-year - old boy, who presented with acute abdomen and responded very well after immediate surgical intervention . A 14-year - old boy presented with history of diffuse abdominal pain since three days and not passing flatus and motion since 2 ... |
Co - incidental aneurysms are detected almost seven times more frequently in patients with pituitary adenomas (pa) than in patients with other brain tumors2,12,19). However, the vast majority of these aneurysms are located outside the sellar - region . Aneurysms of the cavernous or supraclinoid carotid that encroach in... |
An operating microscope (om) has been considered as the mainstay in modern neurosurgery . It produces magnified images on the retina stereoscopically while providing detailed views of surgical anatomy . During the last two decades, neuroendoscopes are increasingly used in neurosurgery for intraventricular lesions, spin... |
Evidence that continuing professional development impacts positively on patient and families outcomes is necessary to sustain an on - going investment in learning activities . In order to optimize the opportunities afforded by emerging web - based technology rural nurses need to develop and maintain their computer comp... |
Creativity is a very important psychological phenomenon that has attracted increased research interest in the cognitive neurosciences . At the same time, creativity is an extremely complex phenomenon that renders such research rather more difficult than studying a more basic cognitive process, such as attention or memo... |
The patient was male, aged 50, 169 cm and 72 kg, and visited the hospital to undergo shoulder joint surgery with a damaged in the right rotator cuff . Although he had diabetes that was diagnosed ten years before, he did not undergo treatment for it; however, blood sugar level had been controlled . The patient sometimes... |
Adenosine triphosphate - binding cassette transporters, such as p - glycoprotein (pgp), breast cancer resistance protein and multidrug resistance protein 4 have a pivotal role in controlling brain distribution of drugs . These transporters are expressed in the luminal membrane of brain capillary endothelial cells that ... |
Despite its potential for use in organic synthesis, applications of tmsccl3 (tms = sime3) have been far narrower in scope than those of closely related tmscf3 (ruppert prakash reagent).1 two reasons can be identified as the origins of this situation . Firstly, all present literature preparations of tmsccl3 provide eith... |
The ratio of copper (cu) to other dietary components (e.g., zinc (zn), iron, sulfate, and molybdenum) may be as important as the actual cu levels in the diet . Cu / zn ratios may be important to the adequate metabolism of cholesterol, with low ratios resulting in hypercholesterolemia . Previous studies have focused on ... |
Breast milk, the sole source of nourishment for newborns, has been under intense selective pressure over millions of years of evolution to meet the infant s needs to grow and survive . Interestingly, the third most abundant chemical component class in human milk after lactose and lipids, human milk oligosaccharides (hm... |
Autism and autism spectrum disorder (asd) are commonly used terms for a group of neurodevelopmental disorder that represents social deficits, communication difficulties, stereotyped or repetitive behaviors and cognitive delays1, 2 . In general, the child with autism has not exhibited same symptom, but features very dif... |
From july 2005 through october 2006, a survey was conducted on 194 isolates of m. tuberculosis obtained from 194 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (tb) (1 isolate per patient) (1). Patients were recruited from the national hospital for pneumology and phtisiology in cotonou, benin, where most tb patients from the are... |
Caebv infection was defined as 1) persistent or recurrent symptoms related to ebv infection for more than three months; 2) high ebv genome levels in affected tissues or peripheral blood; 3) chronic illness that could not be explained by other known disease processes at diagnosis, and 4) no specific underlying immunolog... |
The impact of hai includes prolonged hospital stay, long - term disability, increased resistance of microorganisms to antimicrobials, massive additional financial burden, high costs for patients and their families, and excess deaths [1 - 3]. In october 2005 the world health organization (who) started the " clean care i... |
Four decades after its introduction for joint arthroplasties, uhmwpe still represents the gold standard as an articulating counterface for arthroplasties, since it combines superior wear resistance along with high fracture toughness and biocompatibility compared to other polymers . It has been demonstrated that the mai... |
He had a 5-year history of schizophrenia and was previously partially controlled on risperidone 6 mg with trihexyphenidyl 4 mg in two equally divided doses daily in the last 2 years . Then he was switched to amisulpride 200 mg twice daily, that initially controlled the akathisia and agitation symptoms . However, this d... |
Bioconjugation of both the anti - icam-1 antibody and rat igg (sigma, st . Louis, mo) to diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid bisanhydride (dtpaba) and gadolinium chloride (gdcl) was performed according to a previously described procedure (19). Briefly, the anti - icam-1 antibody was purified from the culture supernatan... |
Leishmaniases are diseases with tegumentary or visceral forms that are caused by protozoans of the genus leishmania and are transmitted via insect vectors and affect more than 12 million people in tropical and subtropical areas of the world . Leishmania (leishmania) amazonensis is one of the most prevalent species that... |
Because mf is the disease of old age, coincidence with pregnancy is rare and only few cases have been reported . Until now there is controversy about the effect of pregnancy on progression of mf and some studies reported that pregnancy appeared to have no impact on the course of early mf, but according to our case repo... |
We reviewed leptospirosis case investigation reports by hawaii department of health (hdoh) investigators submitted during 19992008 . These reports were (and still are) generated for all reported leptospirosis cases in the state . A standardized case investigation form was used, which includes demographic, epidemiologic... |
Corneal transplantation for corneal endothelial diseases is undergoing a paradigm shift from penetrating keratoplasty to endothelial keratoplasty.1 descemet s stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (dsaek), which is essentially endothelial keratoplasty that involves donor tissue preparation using an automated mic... |
Pterygium is an ocular lesion that is usually benign and is frequent in sunny countries . The intervention consists of the excision of the pterygium followed by the closing of the exeresis location . Excimer laser, beta irradiation, and antimitotic molecules can be associated with this surgery.1 infectious complication... |
Although the statistical - mechanical foundations of free - energy calculations were laid a long time ago, their practical applications became possible only with the advent of modern computers . From the inception of computer - based free - energy calculations it has been clear to theorists that direct boltzmann sampli... |
Food borne disease remains a significant problem in the united states, annually affecting millions of people . For example, the latest data reported by the centers for disease control and prevention (cdc) reveal that in 2007 there were 1096 outbreaks and 21,201 cases throughout the united states.1 these outbreaks refle... |
Arthropods (including insects and arachnids) are often defined as pests, because they either compete with human consumption in agricultural or urban settings or transmit causal pathogens of disease . A large amount of investment is made into development of control tools for such pests . These tools can vary widely and ... |
Various modalities, such as percutaneous nephrolithotomy (pcnl), extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, and retrograde intrarenal surgery, are used to manage renal stone disease [1 - 3]. However, pcnl is regarded as the treatment of choice for most renal stones, especially for patients with a large renal stone (> 2 cm)... |
The evaluation of motor function for duchenne muscular dystrophy (dmd) includes the 10-meter run, 6-minute walk test (6mwt), and the north star ambulatory assessment (nsaa). These evaluation methods have also been used to determine the appropriate time to commence corticosteroid therapy for patients with dmd . The reli... |
Tourette syndrome (ts) is a childhood onset neuropsychiatric movement disorder characterized by multiple motor tics and one or more vocal / phonic tics.1,2 a duration of more than 1 year since the first tic and an onset before 18 years is also required for diagnosis.1,2 ts is associated with both simple and complex tic... |
Tuberculosis (tb) remains a worldwide health problem causing morbidity and mortality particularly in the developing and low - income countries . There are several reports of tb occurring during or following the treatment of malignant hemopathy and stem cell transplantation [1, 2, 3]. Tb, especially the extrapulmonary s... |
The accelerated global industrialisation trends during the past century have raised many concerns about the potential environmental health problems that might be caused as a result . In 2012, it was estimated that seven million global deaths per year were attributed to air pollution.1 enhanced by the lack of strict env... |
Idiopathic megacolon is a rare and poorly understood clinical condition that usually presents as refractory abdominal distension and constipation . It includes idiopathic megarectum, idiopathic megacolon, or a combination of these disorders . Among them, idiopathic megacolon without megarectum is the most uncommon diso... |
Road accidents and the related mass casualties are one of the challenges of the human society that threaten the health of people and impose huge costs on the states . Developed countries have the largest number of victims due to road accident and is considered as one of the main causes of death . The degree of injuries... |
Insertion sequences (is) are short prokaryote transposable elements (tes) characterized by a simple structure, often consisting of a single transposase - encoding open reading frame flanked by terminal inverted repeats . Because their proliferation can induce variation in genome size, activate and inactivate gene expre... |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) is an airway inflammatory disease caused by inhalation of toxic particles, mainly cigarette smoking, and is now accepted as a disease associated with systemic characteristics.1 nutritional status is one of them . Twenty - six percent to 70 percent of copd patients with the d... |
In 1932, crohn, ginzburg and oppenheimer first presented the clinical and pathologic features of a new disease which affected the terminal ileum . They described the disease as granulomatous inflammation associated with thickening of the bowel wall, and called the condition terminal ileitis . It later became apparent, ... |
Both registry data1, 2, 3, 4 and secondary analyses of randomized controlled trials5, 6, 7 have suggested that the burden of anemia in patients presenting with acute coronary syndromes (acs) is significant . A recent metaanalysis of 27 studies including 233 144 patients has reported a prevalence of anemia in acs patien... |
With the advent of newer imaging modalities and their widespread availability, brain arteriovenous malformations (avms) are being increasingly diagnosed . Even though microsurgery is advocated as the definitive treatment modality, radiosurgery is commonly performed, as an alternative to surgical resection in many cente... |
Torus palatinus (tp) and torus mandibularis (tm) are two of the most common intraoral exostoses . Other types of exostoses, affecting the palatal aspect of the maxilla (palatal exostoses) or the buccal aspects of the jaws (buccal exostoses), are less commonly encountered . Tp is a sessile nodule of the bone found only ... |
Epic - nl consists of the two dutch contributions to the epic study, the prospect - epic and morgen - epic cohorts . These cohorts were set up simultaneously in 19931997 and merged into one dutch epic cohort . The design and rationale of epic - nl are described elsewhere (16). The prospect - epic study includes 17,357 ... |
Given the types of intermittent maximum effort needed during a team sport such as handball, it is important to evaluate performance by measuring variables such as muscle strength, velocity and resistance (marques, 2010; michalsik et al ., 2013; pvoas et al ., the factors that determine performance in handball are explo... |
This safe and inexpensive 4-aminoquinoline compound accumulates inside the digestive vacuole of the infected red blood cell . Chloroquine resistance (cqr) was first reported in southeast asia and south america and has now spread to the vast majority of malaria - endemic countries . Antimalarial drug resistance is a maj... |
A 69-year - old male complained of a 4 month history of a progressively enlarging, painless right groin swelling during routine urological review . He had been diagnosed with locally advanced prostate cancer 2 years previously, for which he had received radical radiotherapy (74gy/37 fractions) and was on maintenance an... |
Chronic intestinal pseudo - obstruction (cipo) is a high - morbidity syndrome that develops as a consequence of altered intestinal motility, which results in clinical manifestations that resemble intestinal obstruction but in the absence of any physical obstructive process . Cipo is one of the most important causes of ... |
There have been conflicting reports on the role of ovary (estrogen) and testis (testosterone) in growth and cholesterol metabolism . Our recent study (lee et al ., 2008) demonstrated that a lower growth rate in female rats was due to estrogen, which induced secretion of the stress hormone cortisol . Similarly, other st... |
Radiation pneumonitis is a dose - limiting complication for patients undergoing radiation therapy for lung cancer . The incidence of grade ii radiation pneumonitis is relatively low for prescribed standard doses up to 65 gy, but dose escalation is likely to increase the incidence of radiation pneumonitis . The dose par... |
Polymicrogyria is a malformation of cortical development in which the process of normal cerebral cortical development is disturbed late in the stage of neuronal migration or early in the stage of cortical organization; thus, it is considered a disorder of neuronal organization . As a result of these disturbances to the... |
According to lekholm and zarb,1 the bone density of the posterior maxilla is classified as type 4 bone, which means that a thin layer of cortical bone surrounds low - density trabecular bone . Implants placed in soft bone or d4 bone require a longer healing period for better bone remodeling and maturation . A poor bone... |
Weight loss among elderly patients is a common clinical problem . For patients with more than 4% weight loss, 2-year survival rate is less than 72%, and 3-year survival rate is less than 65% (wallace et al 1995; wallace and schwartz 1997). This manuscript will summarize the results of our studies and discuss and review... |
Cumulative trauma disorders (ctds) are defined as muscle, nerve, tendon, joint, cartilage, and spinal disc damages or disorders due to exposure to risk factors in the work environment1 . The common characteristics of ctds are that they arise or increase due to working and that they may lead to limitations on activities... |
Alzheimer's disease (ad) is a multifactorial disorder leading to progressive memory loss and eventually death . One of the histopathological hallmarks of ad is the excessive accumulation of amyloid beta (a) peptides in the brain resulting in extracellular amyloid plaques [13]. Amyloid peptides are natural cleavage prod... |
The increasing adoption of laparoscopic or (laparoscopic - assisted) colorectal surgery as standard practice in colorectal cancer management has resulted in reduction in length of stay and improved patient experience . However, one complication, particular to laparoscopic but not to open surgery, is post - operative su... |
Ectopic pregnancy (ep) is a term used for implantation of blastocyst outside the natural cavity of uterus (1, 2). The prevalence of ep has been doubled since 1960 and comprises 2% of pregnancies diagnosed at the first trimester (3). In the developing countries like iran, 10% of women diagnosed with ep, cannot survive, ... |
Research in personalized medicine seeks to achieve optimal clinical outcomes through the use of innovative biomarker discoveries to develop drugs that best suit a specific group of patients . To derive best - fit treatment options for a specific patient group, various signaling pathways are thoroughly analyzed to ident... |
Early age at menarche, the onset of menstrual periods in girls, is associated with increased risks of adverse health outcomes such as breast, ovarian, and endometrial cancer, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease [1, 2]. Earlier age at menarche is also associated with increased risk for a number of ... |
The initiation of coagulation, especially in severe sepsis, is probably mediated by the induction of tissue factor (tf) expression by endotoxin . This leads to the activation of factor x, which then combines with factor va to convert prothrombin to thrombin . Although thrombin is usually considered to have purely proco... |
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