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Renal transplantation (rtx) is best therapeutic modality for end - stage renal disease (esrd). Compared with dialysis, a transplant leads to a longer life, enhances quality of life, and is cost - effective for the health care system . In india, 175,000 new patients develop esrd annually, and <10% are able to gain acces... |
Herbal medicines, with their effective pharmacological functions, low toxicity, and less side effects, have been widely used for thousands of years all over the world, which are becoming more and more popular and promising type of medicines [15]. However, the same species of herbal medicines with different growing cond... |
To address the need for sensitive multiplex assays in diagnostic molecular microbiology, we created a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) platform in which microbial gene targets are coded by a library of 64 distinct masscode tags (qiagen masscode technology, qiagen, hilden, germany). Microbial nucleic acids (rna, dna, or ... |
Nerve sheath myxoma (neurothekeoma) is an uncommon benign soft tissue tumor of the peripheral nerves with fairly distinctive histological features . A recent immunohistochemical pattern enables a differentiation between myxoid neurothekeoma, melanocytic tumors, and nervous system tumors . We report a rare case of myxoi... |
Abnormalities in their normal circulating number either in the form of thrombocytosis or thrombocytopenia are associated with many pathologic conditions . Cytokines that stimulate thrombopoiesis are often elevated in cancer, and as a result, various cancers have been associated with thrombocytosis . In addition thrombo... |
Proske and gandevia described proprioception as collective information from specialized peripheral neural endings, located at the muscle spindle, golgi tendon, or joints, which are capable of alerting the central nervous system as to joint position, muscle force, and movement via the dorsal roots of the spinal cord1 . ... |
Crohn's disease (cd) is one of the clinical forms of inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) resulting from a defective regulation of mucosal immune responses to commensal microbiota in genetically susceptible individuals . The last years have contemplated substantial progress in the identification of the genes involved in cd... |
The discovery that the majority of body tissues and cells harbor vitamin d receptors and that several possess the enzymatic equipment to convert the primary form in circulation into the active form, has provided new insights into the function of this steroid hormone . There is great interest in the role that vitamin d ... |
The research was conducted at 4 islands on lake victoria (kibuogi, ngodhe, takawiri, mfangano) and 1 shoreline community of mbita district (ungoye) in western kenya (figure). In this area, the pfpr210 (community p. falciparum parasite rate standardized to the 2- to 10-year age group) although in some area of kenya mala... |
Chronic environmental conditions are a growing concern and a significant burden to the health care system due to the magnitude of the problem (geertrudis and van den bos 1995; weiss and sullivan 2001; kipen and fiedler 2002; litt et al 2004; druss et al 2001; bowles 2006) and lack of efficient and effective management ... |
Idiopathic giant cell myocarditis is a rapid progressive disease with an enormously high mortality because of pump failure or arrhythmias.1 in many cases, clinical course is acute to fulminant, and time span between clinical presentation and start of treatment should be as short as possible . The diagnostic tool of cho... |
It is characterized by excessive lateral translation of the patella relative to the femur and induction of pain in full knee extension1,2). In most cases, patellar tracking is assessed in non - weight - bearing conditions where the patient is placed in the sitting position for clinical examination and in the supine or ... |
Laser photocoagulation is widely used for treating various retinal diseases, including diabetic retinopathy, branch retinal vein occlusion, and central serous retinopathy . Unfortunately, conventional laser treatments are destructive procedures used to create whole - layer damage to retinal tissue . Such invasive treat... |
Obesity, defined as a body mass index (bmi) 30 kg / m, is a chronic disease with major health and economic implications and is recognized as one of the greatest contributors of excessive morbidity and mortality in the 21st century . Approximately 30% of the american population is obese, making it the leading nutritiona... |
Methylene blue dye (mbd) has been successfully used worldwide with few complications in patients undergoing breast surgery . We herein describe 2 different complications in 2 patients: 1) skin and parenchymal necrosis when mbd was injected subdermally and 2) mycoplasma infection caused by contaminated mbd in breast red... |
Is a lecturer at the institute of chemical technology and engineering at the pozna university of technology in poland . Her areas of scientific interest include the technique of separation, adsorption, surface, and interfacial tension and surfactants . Is a lecturer in the department of technology and instrumental anal... |
As the common benign tumor in male, benign prostatic hyperplasia (bph) develops as a age - related phenomenon in almost all men, starting at approximately 40 years of age . Clinically, bph leads to a progressive enlargement of the prostate gland, causing both obstructive and irritative lower urinary tract symptoms (lut... |
Physical dependency is described as an adaptive state that manifests itself as intense physical disturbance when drug use is suspended . Most people believe that addiction or drug dependency is a male phenomenon and females are less involved in these issues . In the islamic republic of iran, although there is no valid ... |
It is a common misconception that microorganisms isolated in pure culture from an environment represent the numerically dominant and/or functionally significant species in that environment . In fact, microorganisms isolated using standard cultivation methods are rarely numerically dominant in the communities from which... |
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease comprising numerous distinct entities with different biological features and clinical behaviors (reis - filho and pusztai, 2011, weigelt and reis - filho, 2009). Invasive ductal carcinomas of no special type (idc - nst), the commonest histologic type of breast cancer, have been ... |
Indirect restorations usually require temporization for protection of the pulp and to restore the patients esthetic and functional needs . Terata2 showed that both residual zinc oxide eugenol and non - eugenol containing temporary cements reduced the tensile bond strength of resin luting agents . For this reason, it is... |
A 42-year - old male patient visited the oral medicine and radiology unit of nhdc, mumbai in 2009 . He was referred by his family dentist, complaining pain in the left mandibular angle region . He had difficulty in chewing on the left side and the mouth opening was normal . On the examination, the left mandibular third... |
Infantile hemangioma (ih) is the most common benign tumor of infancy,1 affecting nearly 10% of children under 1 year old and 30% of premature babies . Prematurity, older maternal age, preeclampsia, and multiple gestations have been suggested to be risk factors of the development of ih.2 approximately 60% of hemangiomas... |
Age - related changes in human salivary glands have been described by some studies in humans and animals . The literature regarding aging alterations in human sublingual glands is limited by the number of reports, and some phenomena are still unclear . Despite the different methodologies used in the investigations of a... |
Rna recombination is one of the major factors responsible for the generation of new rna viruses and retroviruses . The biological mechanisms of recombination differ across organisms, but in broad terms recombination results in the creation of mosaic sequences where the evolutionary history at each site may be different... |
One of the fundamental building blocks necessary for the development of nanotechnology are semiconductor nanodots (nds), nanocrystals (ncs) or nanoparticles (nps) viz . These are completely quantised, zero dimensional (0d) semiconductors with discrete energy levels whose electronic and optoelectronic properties are siz... |
Upper - limb pain and dysfunction are frequent complaints associated with manual wheelchair propulsion, which is physically demanding and involves repetitive movements1 . About 73% of wheelchair users suffer from chronic upper - limb pain, which is primarily attributed to two factors: wheelchair propulsion and transfer... |
The successful development of novel first - in - class therapeutic agents in the cns has been lagging with respect to other disease areas . Moreover, only 8% of cns drugs that enter phase 1 are approved, with about 65% of the failures due to lack of efficacy or sufficient differentiation in phase iii . This high degree... |
The oec tissue samples were obtained during surgical operations performed at pusan national university hospital, korea, from 1999 to 2008 . A total of 123 patients (mean age, 49.5 years; range, 15 to 82 years) who underwent surgical resection for oec were examined . Pathological data, such as pathologic stage, tumor gr... |
Fluoride is an ubiquitous element in the environment and has a remarkable prophylactic effect at low concentrations by inhibiting dental caries, while at higher concentrations it causes dental and skeletal fluorosis . Endemic fluorosis is prevalent in many parts of the world and causes damage not only to hard tissues o... |
Malaria is caused by one or a combination of four species of plasmodia and leads to over one million deaths, of which over 75% occur in african children under 5 years infected mainly with plasmodium falciparum (pf). Pf and plasmodium vivax (pv) are identified as the plasmodium species responsible for causing the most s... |
Anatomical cadaver studies have shown that vastus medialis oblique (vmo) fibers originate from the distal part of the adductor magnus . Thus, vmo fibers provide stability during the contraction that occurs in hip adduction1 . Hip adduction also stretches the vmo fibers, adjusting the length and tension properties of th... |
The technology opens new exciting research and technological possibilities in dissipative systems out of equilibrium . A plethora of applications, such as lab - on - a - chip analysis, diagnostics, and particle synthesis, can be accessed, to mention a few examples . One particularly important highlight is the promise o... |
Postoperative pain is a critical concern affecting the choice between open and endoscopic surgical techniques and it is the main outcome parameter in both techniques . Thus, postoperative pain is frequently assessed in studies comparing the results of open and endoscopic release in carpal tunnel syndrome (cts), a commo... |
The activation of membrane receptors by hormones and growth factors results in the localized generation of intracellular second messengers . The hydrolysis of membrane phospholipids and the generation of biologically active products play important roles in the regulation of cell function and cell fate . Well known is t... |
One possible option for radical prostate cancer treatment is the highly efficacious radical prostatectomy (rp). However, treatment failures still occur in a significant percentage of patients [1, 2]. Therefore, methods to improve the treatment results continue to be sought; one of these methods is adjuvant radiotherapy... |
In sweden, approximately 400 patients per year are newly diagnosed with cancer of the esophagus and an additional 200 with cancer of the cardia . There are several methods to determine this diagnosis: computed tomography (ct), endoscopic examination of the esophagus (esophagoscopy) combined with endoscopic ultrasonogra... |
Neurodegenerative diseases represent a large group of neurological disorders with heterogeneous clinical and pathological expressions, affecting specific groups of neurons, in specialized functional anatomic systems . A mixture of environmental and genetic factors seems to engender neurodegenerative diseases, and aging... |
Approximately 20 million people in the united states are infected with genital human papillomavirus (hpv). An estimated 5.5 million people will acquire a new genital hpv infection each year, and the incidence of infection is highest among sexually active adolescent girls and young women between the age of 18 and 28 yea... |
Low back pain (lbp) is thought to have originated from intervertebral lesion (739%). Most patients with discogenic lbp respond well to conservative care, but 5% of patients suffer from constant pain313). Various treatment modalities, such as injection therapy, fusion surgery, total disc replacement, and thermal annular... |
Facial angiofibromas seen in tuberous sclerosis are usually bilateral.unilateral facial angiofibromas are seen rarely . Unilateral facial angiofibromas, however, represent a rare variant of tsc, as only few cases are reported in the literature . We describe a case of a 30-year - old male who presented with unilateral f... |
Anaphylaxis is a rapid, potentially fatal, multiorgan system, allergic reaction caused by the excessive release of mediators including histamine and cytokines / chemokines from mast cells and basophils upon allergen / ige stimulation . It typically causes a number of symptoms including an itchy rash, throat swelling, a... |
Today, cancer is one of the important, fundamental problems in health and treatment worldwide, and its importance is increasing in countries . Colorectal cancer (crc) is the most prevalent gastrointestinal cancer and the cause of 10% of the cancer mortalities . In iran in addition, lifestyle is an important risk factor... |
Twenty - four different integrins are expressed in humans, each composed of non - covalently associated and chains (hynes, 2002). Integrins have large extracellular domains, single - pass transmembrane segments, and short intracellular tails . Lacking enzymatic activity, the short integrin cytoplasmic domains serve as ... |
Airway acidification has been shown to be attained by either the exogenous way, that is, the microaspiration of acid contents into the airway during gastroesophageal reflux and inhalation of low ph pollutant aerosol, or the endogenous way, that is, ischemia and inflammation of the airways in inflammatory diseases, such... |
Healthcare expenditure is substantial since syncope is a common symptom with a variety of potential underlying causes leading to patient visits to physicians, the emergency department, and to hospitalizations after syncope with or without associated trauma . Syncope was the fifth most common cause for an emergency depa... |
The competition for solar photons among aquatic photosynthetic organisms striving to maintain viability at various depths in the water column is fierce, often requiring adaptation of the species for survival . A prime example of the development of adaptive traits is found in the purple photosynthetic bacterium, rhodobl... |
Multiple sclerosis (ms) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, characterized by various levels of physical, emotional, cognitive, and social difficulties . Thirty to fifty - five percent of ms patients consider fatigue as the most disabling symptom . Fatigue can occur in all ms f... |
Placental abruption occurs when the placenta partially or completely detaches from the uterine wall during the pregnancy or during parturition before the delivery of the fetus; it occurs in 0.5 - 1.5% of all pregnancies . Clinical presentation varies depending on the degree of placental detachment . However, blood flow... |
The majority of women with human immunodeficiency virus 1 (hiv) are of reproductive age and may use an efavirenz- (efv-) containing antiretroviral (arv) regimen [1, 2]. Efv is a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (nnrti) indicated in combination with other antiretroviral agents for the treatment of hiv . Efv... |
Artemisinin, derived from sweet wormwood, artemisia annua, is the spearhead of anti - malarial chemotherapy . In 2004, the world health organization (who) recommendation that artemisinin - based combination therapy (act) should be the norm for the treatment of falciparum malaria in most endemic countries came into effe... |
The battle with diseases started since the advent of man on earth and it will continue in an endless warfare . The discovery of antibiotics in the 1950s has turned the result of this war in favor of man, but few years later microbes returned with mutant strains, resistant to almost all inventive antibiotics . Stupendou... |
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is one of the most commonly practiced surgeries for gall bladder diseases in the present era . Due to its well - known advantages like less post - operative pain, shorter hospitalization and faster functional recovery, laparoscopic cholecystectomy is also termed as patient friendly surgery ... |
A 58-year - old man was admitted to our opthalmology department with the complaint of decreased visual acuity . Best - corrected visual acuity (bcva) was 0.2 on snellen's acuity chart in the right eye, 1.0 in the left eye and bilateral intraocular pressure meaurements were in normal limits . Fundus fluorescein angiogra... |
Retained foreign body granulomas in the intervertebral disc space due to penetrant traumas are very rare like other paraspinal ones2,3,57,10). To our knowledge, all of the reported retained foreign bodies in the intervertebral disc space were from missile injuries and there was not any report involving a retained forei... |
Due to the increased incidence of cancer, the production and use of antitumor drugs is on the rise . Majority of antitumor drugs, cytotoxic, which may cause cancer, mutations, and other effects . Several studies revealed side - effects of these drugs on health workers, for instance, the increasing chance of chromosomal... |
This randomized, double blind, placebo - controlled, 2-period, 2-treatment crossover trial evaluated the safety and efficacy of 21 days of twice daily (bid) treatment with tv-45070 ointment in phn patients . The study was conducted between august, 2010 and march, 2011 at 24 sites in the united states . The study includ... |
Pyrexia (fever) is an important clinical sign / symptom that occurs either as an isolated event or as part of a constellation of signs and symptoms of some hazards of blood transfusion . Transfusion pyrexia (tp) is the elevation of temperature 1c from baseline or temperature> 38c, with or without chills or rigors occur... |
Thyroid - stimulating hormone (also known as thyrotropin, tsh) stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroxine (t4) and triiodothyronine (t3), which is a metabolism - stimulating hormone . Tsh is synthesized and secreted by thyrotrope cells in the anterior pituitary gland and regulates the endocrine function of the t... |
Trauma history refers to an individual's total range of experiences of possibly distressing events during a defined period of time, either a lifetime or a shorter period . In accordance with the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th edition (dsm - iv) ptsd a1a2 criteria (american psychiatric associ... |
Uterine artery anatomic variants have been the subject of detailed study, since the beginning of last century, given fibromyoma role in the pathogenesis of arterial vasculature . According to various studies, there are certain classifications of uterine artery anatomical variants and paper proposes such a classificatio... |
The major reactive aldehyde produced during peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids, malondialdehyde (mda), reacts with nucleophilic sites of dna and protein to form oxopropenyl adducts . Reaction of mda with dna produces primarily 3-(2-deoxy--d - erythro - pentofuranosyl)pyrimido[1,2-]purine-10(3h)-one (m1dg) and ... |
Cyclic episodes result in the momentary closure, partial or complete, of the upper airway at the level of the pharynx . The repeated pauses in breathing can lead to intermittent hypoxia (ih) and increased reactive oxygen species (ros). The increase of ros in osa is likely due to the repeated oxygen depletion followed b... |
Spermatocytic seminoma (ss) is an uncommon testicular germ cell neoplasm with distinct histopathological features . It usually occurs in older men with mean age of 53.6 years (range 19 - 72 years). It bears an excellent prognosis but tends to behave aggressively and renders a poor prognosis if associated with sarcomato... |
In the previous issue of critical care, joulin and colleagues describe an animal model of lipopolysaccharide (lps)-induced impaired myocardial systolic and diastolic function . Diastole is composed of two physiological phenomena: myocardial stiffness, which is energy independent, and active relaxation, which is an atp ... |
Hepatitis a virus (hav) infection is considered as an important public health concern . It is estimated that about 1.4 million cases of hav infection occur every year worldwide (1, 2). Healthcare workers (hcws) can always be exposed to hav infected patients and if they were non - immune, they will also be infected . He... |
Dna - based therapeutics may become a new generation of drugs for the treatment of brain disorders provided that the problem of its delivery across the blood - brain barrier (bbb) and into brain cells is solved . A global distribution of the transgene throughout the brain is needed for most of the enzyme replacement th... |
Adjuvant radiotherapy (rt) after conservative surgery for early stage breast cancer is a standard of care that is well tolerated by the patients in terms of compliance and risk of adverse effects . In most cases, breast cancer patients have a long life expectancy with a risk of late normal tissue complications that may... |
G protein - coupled receptors (gpcrs) are regarded to take up more than one - fourth of marketed human medicines [1, 2]. Drugs targeting gpcrs account for the majority of the best - selling drugs and about 40% of all prescription pharmaceuticals in the marketplace . Histamine receptors belong to one family of rhodopsin... |
Neurologic complications from mycoplasma pneumoniae have been known since the 1940s.1 encephalitis is the most common complication, and occurs most often in children . A review by lerer and kalavsky2 found that 53% of patients with central nervous system (cns) disease associated with m. pneumoniae were between the ages... |
The term " temporomandibular disorders " (tmd) refers to clinical alterations characterized by signs and symptoms involving the masticatory muscles or the temporomandibular joint (tmj) or both30 . Tmd have been studied since the beginning of the last century and became worldwide known when costen4 published an article ... |
Bridging conduits (bc) also termed thick tunneling nanotubes (tnt) are cellular processes that sustain long distance intercellular transport of rna, organelles, and receptors . In immunocytes, they enable antigen presentation and pro - inflammatory immune responses. (5) supported by both actin filament and microtubules... |
In general, endodontically treated teeth are considered to have increased susceptibility to fracture than vital teeth . The reasons attributed to this are the dehydration and loss of dentin caused during the endodontic therapy along with the pressure applied during obturation of the filling material as in lateral compa... |
One of the reasons for the changes is concern for the patient's safety . To err is human, a landmark report released by the institute of medicine (iom) in 1999 estimated that medical errors cause injury to approximately 3% of hospital patients and results in a minimum of 44,000 and perhaps as many as 98,000 deaths per ... |
Autologous bone grafts remain the gold standard for the treatment of congenital craniofacial bone disorders, such as alveolar cleft [18]. However, autologous bone grafts have potential problems, which include donor site morbidity and limitations to the amount of bone that can be harvested [913]. Porous beta - tricalciu... |
Prostate cancer is a significant cause of death among men in europe and the united states . In the united states, the incidence increased to 24.8 per 100,000 men in 2009, with a two - fold increase over that in 2008 . However, all available treatments, including prostatectomy, may significantly impact the patient's qua... |
Brca1 and brca2 are tumour - suppressor genes located on chromosomes 17q21 and 13q12, respectively . Functional brca proteins are involved in the maintenance of genome stability through repair of dna double - strand breaks (dsbs) by homologous recombination (hr), cell growth regulation and control of cell division . In... |
Intraventricular tendons was first observed 115 years ago.1 they are usually thin, fibrous or fibromuscular structures that traverse the left ventricular cavity.2 they may be single or multiple and have no connection to the valvular cusps.2 false tendons can be an isolated finding or can be associated with cardiac abno... |
Supplementary material is available for this article at 10.1007/s13659 - 011 - 0001 - 0 and is accessible for authorized users. |
Multiple myeloma (mm) is a clonal b - cell dyscrasia characterized by the accumulation of monotypic paraprotein - secreting cells in the bone marrow (bm), in close contact with adjacent cells in its microenvironment . A recent study reported that angiogenesis plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of mm . Plasma ... |
The vast majority of women in prison have experienced some sort of interpersonal or sexual violence in their lives, with estimates as high as 90% (commonwealth of ma, 2005; women in prison project, 2006). Yet, ironically, women, especially those who were homeless, drug addicted or living with dangerous partners prior t... |
Tho tho cattle (bos indicus) is a local indigenous bovine species of north eastern hilly (neh) region especially in nagaland state of india . The bull is half of the herd in animal husbandry, which indicates that the sire is one of the parents of all the calves in the herd . Since the bull has more genetic influence (8... |
Leptin, an adipocyte derived cytokine, primarily was known to be involved in the regulation of food intake and energy expenditure (dardeno et al ., 2010). Later on studies showed the role of leptin in the immune system modulation (lord et al ., 1998). The studies describing the role of leptin in diabetes are so conflic... |
P73 is a member of the p53 family, although p73 (and p63) are more closely related to the ancestral form of the protein than p53 . These three mammalian genes encode transcription factors that play key roles as regulators of proliferation, differentiation, cell death, stem cell renewal, and cell fate commitment [24]. A... |
Rna - guided machineries provide highly selective and rationally programmable tools for the site - specific manipulation of nucleic acids . Several endogenous riboproteins are known that are steered toward their endogenous targets by nucleic acid hybridization and that are readily re - addressed toward new targets by e... |
In the human gut, trillions of bacteria interact with the host's systemic immune system in a complex balance between immune activation and tolerance . Pathogen recognition receptors (prrs) have been shown to play an important role in the differentiation between commensal and pathogenic bacteria . The detection of patho... |
Telomeres, unique structures at the physical ends of linear eukaryotic chromosomes, were first described almost 70 yearsago by hermann muller in his classic studies of the fruit fly drosophilia melanogaster (1). He noted that chromosomal inversions resulting from ionizing radiation (ir)-induced double - strand breaks (... |
Extensive epidemiological investigations have indicated that the incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (t1 dm) in children and adolescents is increasing steadily year by year and is presumably to be doubled by 2020 [15]. However, the etiology and pathogenesis of t1 dm are complex and have not been fully elucidated . Ad... |
Nurses must be aware of and consider implementing novel strategies to ensure that all community members healthcare needs, which are a basic human right, are addressed . Clear data are available on refugees and migrants who take formal routes to gain asylum and residency . More than 625,000 asylum applications were subm... |
Toxic epidermal necrolysis (ten) is a rare, life - threatening medical emergency in which there is extensive epidermal sloughing and mucositis . It is caused by a variety of different drugs (most commonly sulfonamides, non - steroidal anti - inflammatory drugs, anti - malarials, anticonvulsants and allopurinol). Early ... |
Postpartum depression (ppd) is considered as an important health problem in modern societies . The prevalence of pnd ranges from 7.6% to 39% in various areas of the world and differs according to the population tested and screening tools used [14]. The diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders defines ppd a... |
There is no question that obesity is a major health problem for developed countries, and has recently been identified more frequently in children . It contributes to type 2 diabetes mellitus, arteriosclerosis (including stroke and coronary artery disease), musculoskeletal disorders, and some cancers . It is also a comp... |
Cardiovascular diseases (cvds) are currently the major cause of mortality and morbidity around the world . Among the cvds, coronary artery disease (cad) coronary angiography (cag) is the best tool and gold standard for diagnosis of cad . Cag is an invasive procedure which is routinely used for the assessment and diagno... |
The nasopalatine canal (npc) originates from the incisive papilla in the oral cavity and opens in the floor of the nasal cavity . The canal shape is classified based on different indices in the sagittal plane . A study by mardinger et al . Classified the canal shape into cylindrical, funnel, hourglass and banana shapes... |
Navigation - guided procedure has been widely conducted in the neurosurgical filed to perform anatomy - oriented approach8). However, the approach cannot reflect the real - time intracranial image due to differential spatial displacement caused by cerebrospinal fluid drainage, volume change after surgical evacuation or... |
Mobile - bearing knee prostheses were designed to increase the congruity of the articular surface and decrease polyethylene wear and component loosening after total knee arthroplasty (tka)1,2). Restoration of flexion after tka is crucial for successful clinical outcome and patient satisfaction especially in eastern cou... |
Charles bonnet syndrome (cbs) was first described by charles bonnet in 1769 in his 89 years old grandfather who started experiencing visual hallucinations of men, women, carriages and building after vision loss due to cataract and who was aware about the false nature of his perceptions . It is characterized by vivid an... |
A 62-year - old man (169 cm in height and 69 kg in weight) was admitted to hospital with dizziness and paresthesia of both hands . He was diagnosed with cerebral infarction, and while doing additional examination, cerebral infarction was assumed to be due to infective endocarditis . He was scheduled to have mitral valv... |
Upon myocardial infarction, cardiomyocytes are lost and scar tissue is formed . To compensate this loss, cardiac hypertrophy and morphological remodelling responses try to restore the cardiac output, but can ultimately lead to heart failure . Heart transplantation is currently the only treatment option, but the number ... |
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