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Plasma liver enzyme tests are broadly applied to predict biochemical liver functions and to diagnose liver diseases . Alanine transaminase (alt) and aspartate transaminase (ast) are closely associated with hepatocyte damage and steatosis, including non - alcoholic fatty liver disease (nafld). Elevated liver enzyme leve... |
The adoption of the latin cortex to describe the outer gray matter covering of the brain paints this structure as a thin bark or rind enveloping the remainder of the brain.1 the cerebral cortex, however, is not a homogeneous, two - dimensional mantle . Rather, the cortex is a multilayered sheet with rich laminar interc... |
Heterologous synthesis of selected ntts and mutant proteins in e. coli the heterologous synthesis of pamntt1 and of two atp / adp transporters from the rickettsia - related bacteria caedibacter caryophilus (ccntt) and holospora obtusa (hontt) was performed on the basis of existing pet16b constructs (13, 22), which were... |
Limbic encephalitis is believed to be a disorder affecting the medial temporal lobe of the brain . It could be either a paraneoplastic or autoimmune (non - paraneoplastic) origin . The most common non - paraneoplastic antibodies associated with limbic encephalitis are voltage - gated potassium channel antibodies (vgkc)... |
World health organization (who) defines unsafe abortion as a procedure for terminating unwanted pregnancy either by people lacking the necessary skills or in an environment lacking minimal medical standards or both . According to who, worldwide unsafe abortions were estimated to be 21.6 million, almost all in developin... |
Older adults (65 + years) are among the most rapidly growing segments in the united states population, and projections predict this trend to continue into the future [1, 2]. Despite modern advancements in medicine and technology, there are continual health concerns in the older adult population . The prevalence of chro... |
Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (pnens) are relatively rare tumors with an estimated incidence of less than 1 per 100,000 according to the national cancer institute surveillance, epidemiology and end results program and similar findings from studies derived from europe and asia . The 2010 who classification divides... |
Users of the system can create and manage the structure and layout of the content, links to other content within the program, and links to multimedia and external programs . This content management system differs from computer programming languages in that extensive technical expertise is not a prerequisite to producin... |
Isolated dislocation of the radial head in adults is a rare injury with less than 30 cases reported in literature [1 - 9]. If neglected, these can cause restriction of forearm supination and pronation, secondary degenerative arthritis of the elbow and distal radio - ulnar joints later on . This important injury can eas... |
Hesc lines (wa-09, passages 32 - 50; shef1,) and hipsc lines (c14, c72; passages 10 - 20) were cultured with mouse embryonic fibroblasts (mefs, globalstem) pre - plated at 12 - 15,000 cells / cm . Medium containing dmem / f12, 20% knockout serum replacement, 1 mm l - glutamine, 100 m mem non - essential amino acids, an... |
Adamantinoma of the tibia is a rare slow - growing primary tumor of the bone . There has been much controversy on the origins of this tumor with one major focus being the relationship between osteofibrous / fibrous dysplasia and adamantinoma . There have been approximately 300 cases of tibial adamantinoma reported in t... |
Granulomatous lobular mastitis (glm) is a rare inflammatory disease of the breast that was first described by kessler and wolloch in 1972 . This disease usually affects women of childbearing age or those with a history of oral contraceptive use . Although glm is a benign condition, its clinical and radiological feature... |
Brain computed tomography (ct) is commonly used to assess intracranial abnormalities in the emergency department . Possibilities that should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a hyperdense basal ganglion lesion on brain ct include benign calcification, hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (ich), presence o... |
All patients in this study had previously been published as cases of meier - gorlin syndrome or fulfilled diagnostic criteria for meier - gorlin syndrome (microtia, absent / small patellae and short stature). No cytogenetic abnormalites were observed on routine karyotyping of these meier - gorlin syndrome cases (n=10 p... |
Currently, hypertension is increasingly growing in the most of developing countries due to rapid changes in lifestyle and the increase in urbanization stress (1). As reported by world health statistics (2012), 28.1% of men and 25% of women suffer from systolic blood pressure (bp) more than 140 or diastolic one above 90... |
Ageing often leads to a loss of functional fitness in older people, reducing their ability to perform daily tasks.1 moreover, fallrelated injuries are serious problems in old age, as they often lead to prolonged, or even permanent, disability . Thus, maintenance of functional fitness and prevention of the associated in... |
Sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus disease is a common and usually a minor disease . Although wide excision has been a common practice, there are more simple alternatives, and its treatment remains controversial . Numerous surgical procedures have been described, but treatment failure and disease recurrence are frequent, l... |
Isolated dislocation of the tarsal naviculum is scarcely reported in the literature.1 some few similar injuries have been described previously, whereas, they were often associated with fractures in the navicular bone or in the other midfoot bones.2 the rarity of isolated dislocation in tarsal naviculum is explained by ... |
The golgi complex is the central secretory organelle of most eukaryotic cells and consists of membranous stacks called cisternae . Secreted proteins, like all other proteins, are synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (er) and are specifically packaged into vesicles that bud off from the er in a gtp - dependent proce... |
Steptoe et al . Defined health behavior as the activities undertaken by people in order to protect, promote or maintain health and to prevent disease.1 the personal health behavior is important in individual for the maintenance of general health or total health of the body and this depends to some or more extent on the... |
Anatomical parameters of intracranial aneurysms such as aneurysm shape, size, and location clearly correlate with their natural progressions [14]. In general past clinical studies also raised a possibility that there was a difference in the aneurysm shape between ruptured and unruptured intracranial aneurysms [13]. The... |
The term reprocessing is defined in 3 no . 14 mpg (medizinproduktegesetz) as follows: the reprocessing of medical devices intended to be applied semi - sterile or sterile, is the cleaning, disinfection and sterilisation, including the processes connected therewith, as well as the testing and restoration of technical - ... |
Csip was initiated to address a perceived decline in the scientific workforce by attracting more students to majors in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (stem). Csip was originally targeted to primarily undergraduate institutions (puis), which, as a result of the 1985 oberlin report (davis - van atta, 1... |
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (nms) rare but life - threatening side effect of antipsychotic medications . It is suggested that the ability to create nms by neuroleptics is associated with their ability to block dopamine in the nigrostriatal pathway, mesocortical pathway, and hypothalamic nucleus . Its incidence has b... |
Resilience is defined as an active and adaptive biological, psychological, and social response to an event that may otherwise impair one's normal function (mcewen, 2007, dudley et al ., 2011, russo et al ., 2012). Resilience typically implies the presence of insult - related pathologies that are overcome by molecular, ... |
Rett syndrome (rtt) is a genetically determined, neurodevelopmental disorder with autistic features [1, 2]. Although relatively rare, rtt represents the second most common cause of severe intellective disability in the female gender . To date, the disease has been classified into a typical form and three main atypical ... |
The first reported hiv cases in china were found among foreign travellers in 1985 and the first indigenous infections were identified in 1989 among injection drug users (idus) in yunnan province . Subsequently, hiv infections spread to henan province through contaminated plasma collection and to xinjing uygur autonomou... |
Chronic low back pain (clbp) is one of the common health problems in modern society, with 7080% of the population having experienced back pain at least once in their lifetime1 . People with clbp show more muscle atrophy, especially of the lumbar deep muscles3, 4 . Movement limited by low back pain causes morphological ... |
The eye mutant resource (emr) and the translational vision research models (tvrms) programs currently housed at the jackson laboratory are tailored to provide genetically defined models of vision - associated diseases to the research community . The emr screens for spontaneous mutations in the large production and repo... |
Each row of the image represents a gene and each column a tissue (labeled at the bottom), with the color indicating the ratio of expression levels . Clusters of genes coordinately regulated in certain tissues correlate with the biological functions indicated on the right. |
After an acute myocardial infarction, women continue to experience higher mortality than men, despite improvements in reperfusion therapy.1, 2 this worse outcome is attributed, at least in part, to older age at presentation, though a recent metaanalysis of observational studies has reported that women have a higher ris... |
Depression is one of the most prevalent, disabling, and costly mental disorders worldwide . According to recent estimates, the 12-month prevalence rate of depression in europe is 6.9%1 and depression accounts for 33% of the total costs of all brain disorders.2 similarly, each year in the uk, an estimated 6% of adults e... |
On intraoral examination, there was protrusion of both upper and lower anterior teeth with spacing . The dental history revealed that the spacing is present from the past 3 years [figure 1]. Different treatment options were presented to the patient . Because of the large - sized space and completely flared upper and lo... |
A dietary supplement is a product, which contains a dietary ingredient intended to supplement the diet . In general, the natural dietary supplements for male sexual potency consist of different herbal extracts such as ginseng root, lychee seed, barbary wolfberry fruit, longan aril, and aweto . These dietary supplements... |
Measurement and quantification of protein protein interactions at low and high protein concentrations as a function of solution conditions is important for understanding biological processes, as well as the development and optimization of biotechnology products . In concentrated protein solutions, intermolecular intera... |
A 27-year - old female was referred to gil medical center due to a painful and edematous left lower extremity of 4 days duration after varicose vein surgery at a local clinic . In addition to the edematous left lower extremity, there were bruises on the left thigh and around the operation wound site . Since deep vein t... |
The prevalence of crohn's disease (cd) in north america ranges from 26.0 to 198.5 cases per 100,000 persons . Clinical symptoms as well as endoscopic aspects of cd are nonspecific, even if some lesions can be highly suggestive . Diffuse gastric adenocarcinoma with peritoneal carcinomatosis (pc) is much less frequent bu... |
Mass spectrometry (ms) based glycomics techniques are broadly used to analyze free oliogsaccharides, glycosaminoglycans as well as the glycan portions of glycoproteins, proteoglycans and glycolipids . Both matrix - assisted laser desorption - ionization (maldi) and electrospray ionization (esi) are commonly applied . M... |
Use 0.5 m circular, closed mesocosms to prevent emigration or immigration of animal species (figure 1). Construct mesocosms using 2.4 m lengths of 1.5 m high " mesh aluminum fence as a scaffolding . Cover the fencing with 2.5 m lengths 1.75 m high aluminum window screening folded over the top and bottom of the fencing ... |
Unlike infections by other human hepatitis viruses, hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection of healthy immunocompetent adults is persistent or prolonged in the majority of cases, unlike hepatitis b, where it persist in the minority of cases . Investigators have suggested that viral interactions with tumor necrosis factor / t... |
The indian metropolitan city of mumbai was besieged with india's heaviest downpour of the century in july 2005, killing nearly 600 people . According to the indian meteorological department, was the heaviest ever rainfall received in a single day, any where in india recording 94.4 cm in the last 100 years . It broke th... |
In a previous issue of critical care, ertmer and colleagues present an experimental study in which they examine the effects of dobutamine when given together with arginine vasopressin (avp) in endotoxemic sheep . Avp is an increasingly used supplementary vasopressor in advanced vasodilatory shock states where standard ... |
Cyclosporin a (cya) is a cyclic undecapeptide with strong immunosuppressive activity, since it has a specific inhibitory effect on the t - cell receptor signal transduction pathway [1, 2]. Reactive oxygen species (ros) have been implicated in the nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity caused by cya, either by direct action ... |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) is a common, preventable, and treatable disease characterized by progressive airflow limitation . Associated with airway chronic inflammatory response and by lung noxiousness to particles or gases, copd is the third leading cause of death in the us and has an estimated world... |
The concept of a reference group and its potential influence on an individual has been know at least since the landmark publication of merton (1949), but its beginnings can be traced to cooley (1902). A brief definition of a reference group is given in park and lessig (1977): (...) a reference group is defined to be an... |
Hydroxyl radicals, activated from hydrogen peroxide and hydrogen superoxide anion under light radiation, are well known as potent mutagens that attack dna and convert them to many different kinds of base and ribose derivatives [1, 2]. Every aerobic organism possesses several enzymes to remove such toxic oxides, as well... |
Although a rare, but an important cause of drug resistant seizures, the dyke davidoff masson syndrome (ddms) is not a difficult diagnosis to make in the era when neuroimaging has profoundly improved epilepsy care . Acquired or congenital (infantile) cerebral hemiatrophy, also referred to as ddms, is a diagnostic conste... |
Microglia, the only immunocompetent cells in the cns, originate from progenitors derived from the yolk sac (1, 2). Studies have shown that, after birth, microglia maintain their numbers under normal conditions by self - renewal without the recruitment of monocyte - derived microglia precursors (2, 3). Although there is... |
Most of the time teeth with periapical lesions heal satisfactorily after non - surgical endodontic intervention . However, we do come across cases with persisting symptoms and infection that require periradicular surgery in order to remove the pathological tissues and to eliminate the source of irritation, and promote ... |
More than 4 million children in the united states have a chronic condition that results in some degree of limitation in their ability to participate in school or play or to engage independently in activities of daily living, such as eating or walking . These children are more likely than their healthier peers to obtain... |
Elevated liver function tests (lfts) in obese patients either with or without diabetes are a common clinical problem . The most frequent cause is non - alcoholic fatty liver disease (nafld), which represents both a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge . The diagnostic criteria also include absence of significant alcoho... |
Carcinoma primarily developing in the cystic duct is uncommon, compared to other locations in the biliary ducts . They may have better survival than malignancies located in other biliary ducts [2, 3]. We report a 66-year - old male who is still doing well 13 years after surgical resection for ccd . A 66-year - old male... |
Smoking cessation requires commitment shared by individuals and national authorities . Along with an individual approach, a supportive environment is needed to encourage tobacco consumers in their attempts to quit (1). According to who data, about 87% of countries in the world health organization (who) european region ... |
1) is a perennial herb with a eurasian - mediterranean distribution area (kretzschmar et al . The species is confined to calcareous soils and occurs in sunny or partially shaded sites . It ranges from sea level to 2,200 m and it can grow in chalk grasslands, sand dunes, wet meadows, abandoned cultivated lands, scrub co... |
Radiographic diagnosis of impacted third molars precedes their surgical removal . The factors such as the position of tooth, the number, and morphology of roots, in particular, the relationship between the roots and mandibular canal, require assessment for an atraumatic untoward transalveolar extraction of these impact... |
Chronic instability of the major leg joints occurs frequently in athletes who play soccer, basketball, rugby, and other sports that involve repetitive joint movements1, 2 . The risk of injury appears to depend on the functional differences between the stable and unstable sides in almost all movement patterns, including... |
Chronic pelvic pain (cpp) in women is commonly described as continuous or intermittent pain in the anatomic pelvis (anterior abdominal wall at or below the umbilicus) that lasts for at least six months, is not exclusively related to menstruation or sexual intercourse, and is sufficiently severe to cause functional disa... |
Chronic intraventricular encapsulated hematoma is a rare entity and the exact mechanisms of capsule formation, progressive expansion and resolution have remained uncertain . Here damage to any of these vascular or neural elements from direct compression, ischemia or invasion can result in a multitude of signs and sympt... |
Vignon and colleagues prospectively assessed the ability of transesophageal echocardiography (tee) to predict paop higher than 18 mmhg in mechanically ventilated patients with an inserted pulmonary artery catheter . In a first group, they analyzed simple doppler variables derived from transmitral flow (tmf) and pulmona... |
The proportions of seniors are steadily increasing . On july 1, 2015, approximately one in six canadians (16.1% or 5,780,900 persons) was at least 65 years old, and according to population projections, the number of persons aged 65 years and older is expected to continually increase and account for 20.1% of the populat... |
I novoroeneta predstavlja stres, a metoda kontakt koa na kou (kkk) i m a brojne pozitivne efekte . Cilj studije je da se odreivanjem nivoa salivarnog kortizola pre i nakon primene kkk proceni efekat na stres majke i novoroeneta i da se proceni uspenost uzimanja malih uzoraka salive kod novoroeneta . Kkk, iz malog uzork... |
The advent of various new techniques like ureteroscopy (urs), shock wave lithotripsy (swl), and percutaneous renal surgery has revolutionized the treatment of ureteral calculi and rendered a need for open surgical lithotomy . However, these minimally invasive techniques have not been able to completely substitute for o... |
Every patient with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards) is hypoxemic by definition . In these patients, mechanical ventilation (mv) is often life - saving . Repetitive cyclic stretch however, results in regional overdistension or / and derecruitment which is associated with a number of severe complications termed... |
A 42-year - old overweight immunocompetent woman with a history of hypertension and mild psoriasis and no travel history was seen twice in the emergency department-11 days prior to admission and again 8 days prior to admission - with tachycardia, tachypnea, and left infrascapular back pain that radiated to her chest . ... |
Endothelial dysfunction (ed), which is characterized by an imbalance between relaxing and contracting factors, procoagulant and anticoagulant substances, and between pro - inflammatory mediators, may play a particularly significant role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis . Under physiological conditions, the vascul... |
The divide and conquer technique first described by gimbel1,2 in the late 1980s, has been gradually refined and tested over the years to be safe and reliable.3 it involves formation of deep grooves within the lens to allow for fracturing into smaller segments within the capsular bag using the phacoemulsification (phaco... |
An autogenous arteriovenous fistula (avf) is the optimal form of vascular access for hemodialysis (hd) due to the longer duration of patency, fewer infections, and lower mortality [1, 2]. The presence of occlusive neointimal hyperplasia at the anastomosis and/or the outflow veins, which may be accelerated by chronic ki... |
Percutaneous liver biopsy is known to have risk of major complications, in particular, hemorrhage, due to the highly vascular liver tissue and limited access for hemostasis at biopsy site . Transarterial embolization and laparotomy are the mainstay of management in the current practice in case of massive post biopsy he... |
Family members are classically grouped into three subclasses including one that inhibits apoptosis, a second that induces apoptosis and a third contains that family members, such as bim, that only have a bh3 domain that binds antiapoptotic family members to promote apoptosis . Bcl-2 exerts opposing effects with regards... |
Although sanitation has improved dramatically in the past decade, globally 2.4 billion people lack access to improved sanitation . An estimated 946 million lack access to any sanitation facility and practice open defecation, although the actual number is probably much higher . Fecal contamination of the environment fro... |
We consider a propeller to be a rigid structure rotating with frequency f around a fixed axis of rotation . The propeller is actuated by an external force f and an external torque . Because the reynolds number is low (see the supporting information for an estimate), the hydrodynamics of the propeller motion is describe... |
The physician is often faced with treating an infection caused by specific micro - organisms not normally found at that site, or by microbes that have colonised a site that is normally sterile . In contrast, the mouth has a microbiome that is natural and is essential for the normal development of the physiology of the ... |
Extracranial carotid artery pseudoaneurysms are very rare and make less than 4% of total peripheral arterial pseudoaneurysms . Among these, external carotid artery pseudoaneurysm is rare and the pseudoaneurysm with fistula is even rarer . Color doppler ultrasound and computed tomography (ct) angiography are the primary... |
Kaufman described that the mean length of the styloid process on the right and left sides was 30 mm and 29.49 mm, respectively in panographic radiographs of 484 hospitalized patients . He also reported that the mean length for elongated styloid processes was roughly 33 mm and 53 mm for left and right side . Therefore, ... |
Huntington disease (hd) is a hereditary, progressive neurodegenerative disease clinically characterized by abnormal involuntary movements, behavioral disturbance, cognitive dysfunction, and psychiatric disease . The disease is caused by a cag (glutamine) trinucleotide expansion in exon 1 of the huntingtin (htt) gene at... |
Chronic kidney disease (ckd) has become a public health problem due to its increasing prevalence globally and associated high morbidity and mortality.123 the burden of ckd is more felt in developing countries like nigeria where there is no health insurance to meet the huge financial demands the disease places on its su... |
Calcium channel blocker (ccb) toxicity is associated with refractory hypotension and myocardial depression which can be fatal . Amlodipine is a dihydropyridine ccb that inhibits calcium entry into slow l - type calcium channels in vascular smooth muscle, the myocardium, and pancreatic beta cells . The hemodynamic conse... |
Macrodystrophia lipomatosa is a congenital, progressive, nerve territory oriented, localized gigantism . There is proliferation of all mesenchymal elements, but especially adipose tissue . The abnormal growth ceases at puberty, but the overgrown part is prone to joint degeneration and compression of the neurovascular b... |
Human lipoxygenases (lox) are nonheme iron - containing enzymes that catalyze the dioxygenation of 1,4-cis, cis - pentadiene - containing polyunsaturated fatty acids (e.g., linoleic acid (la) and arachidonic acid (aa)) to form hydroperoxy fatty acids . The nomenclature of the lox isozymes is loosely based on the carbon... |
Subdural hematoma is a neurosurgical condition resulting from the collection of blood or remnants of blood elements in the subdural space following bleeding . It can be acute, subacute, or chronic depending on the duration since bleeding . Chronic subdural hematoma is characterized by the persistence of liquefied hemat... |
Abiotrophia species sometimes cause sepsis and bacteremia, and are especially known as one of the major pathogens of infective endocarditis . A 48-year - old unemployed woman was admitted to our hospital with a two - week history of severe low back pain . She suffered from parkinson's disease, but she was not a comprom... |
Initially described after treatment with flutamide, responses to withdrawal of hormonal therapies in prostate cancer patients have been documented after cessation of other antiandrogens such as nilutamide, bicalutamide, or cyproterone acetate and of megestrol acetate, diethylstilbestrol or estramustine . In the southwe... |
Its chronic nature and the limitations it imposes contribute significantly to the increase in hospitalization, disability, and mortality rates . The occurrence of diabetes in population groups is linked mainly to socioeconomic factors, cultural factors, stress, and family predisposition . In the year 2000, the prevalen... |
Intraductal papillary neoplasms of the bile duct (ipnb) have been associated with papillary tumors of malignant potential in the extrahepatic and intrahepatic bile ducts.123 ipnb is classified as a distinct clinical and pathological entity in the 2010 world health organization classification.4 its malignant potential r... |
During the course of the study, harp consisted of 11 hospital study sites across the united states . The first five patients who sought treatment each month for esophago - gastro duodenal endoscopy (egd) as part of treatment for h. pylori infection, confirmed by gastric biopsy, were enrolled at each site . When fewer t... |
The existence of dark matter (dm) in the universe is highly motivated by many astrophysical and cosmological observations [14]. One of the best motivated candidates for a dm particle is a weakly interacting massive particle (wimp). At the large hadron collider (lhc), one can search for dm particles (\documentclass[12pt... |
We recently reported that concentrations of circulating tumor necrosis factor receptors 1 and 2 (tnfr1 and tnfr2) are strong predictors of future progression to chronic kidney disease (ckd) 3 in patients with type 1 diabetes and microalbuminuria (1). These biomarkers also predict the onset of end - stage renal disease ... |
Hypopharyngeal cancer comprises one - third of these cases and is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage, leading to extensive surgical resection, post - surgical loss of function of swallowing and/or speaking, and poor prognosis.1 - 3 with the initiation of the national cancer screening program, routine diagnostic end... |
As mentioned earlier, during the early phases of throwing the medial elbow structures are subjected to medial tensile forces . This leads to the common overuse syndromes presenting with medial elbow pain including medial epicondylar aphophysitis, medial epicondyle avulsions, ulnar collateral ligament sprains / tears, a... |
Injury to the spleen is a recognized complication during percutaneous renal access due to the close anatomical relationship of the spleen and the left kidney . However, transsplenic renal access is a rare complication of percutaneous nephrolithotomy and can also result in considerable morbidity, often requiring emergen... |
, fnab still do not provide a diagnosis in 3040% of cases [411]; consequently, non - diagnosed patients must be subjected to diagnostic surgery, which could impact in recurrent laryngeal nerve and parathyroid gland [1214]morbidity . These methods include ultrasound [1518], ultrasonographic elastography [1921], repeated... |
First described in 1886 by hochstetter, left - sided gallbladder remains a rare anomaly . In a multicenter series of laparoscopic cholecystectomies completed in hungary true left - sided gallbladder (sinistroposition) occurs when the gallbladder is found to the left of the falciform ligament, beneath the left lobe of t... |
The temporomandibular joint (tmj) is a joint present above the spine . From a kinematic standpoint, the alignment of the tmj directly affects the stability and alignment of the spine, and the tmj is the only bilateral joint among all joints in the human body1 . When the position of the lower jaw is misplaced, it is gen... |
Copd is a serious, debilitating condition that has become a major public health concern and by 2020 is projected to rank fifth in global burden of disease and third in global mortality.1 for a proportion of patients, copd is a progressive disease characterized by periodic acute exacerbations of symptoms . These exacerb... |
Modern society requires a high level of communication skills; speech, language, vision, and literacy are the foundation skills that are needed to meet these demands . Dysfunction in one or more of these areas, for example, caused by various medical conditions, may lead to communication disorders . Communication disorde... |
Alzheimer's disease (ad) is the most common form of dementia in the aging population . Currently 37 million people around the globe have dementia and the number is expected to double every 20 years [1, 2]. Ad is clinically characterized by progressive deficits of memory and other cognitive functions leading to complete... |
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